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From the recording Alnar - On the Mountain Slope
The first of Alnar's Eight Piano Pieces composed in 1935.
Hasan Ferit Alnar (1906-1978) is one of the first generation of Turkish composers of Western classical music known as the "Turkish Five." He is particularly known for his ability to meld elements of traditional Ottoman music and Western music as he was an accomplished performer on the kanun, a zither. This set of pieces is a true gem with catchy tunes, exciting rhythms, and all geared toward the late intermediate/early advanced piano performer. Alnar dedicated the set to his teacher of harmony in Turkey, Huseyin Sadettin Arel, a well known theorist.
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Hail Science
Research challenges Darwin, shows how a gene cheats Mendel’s law of segregation
R2d2 is selfish, strong, and fights back against Mendel’s ”law of segregation” and Darwin’s principle of ”fitness.” Credit: Max Englund, UNC Health Care R2d2 is selfish. It is a true selfish gene. It propagates itself through generations but not for some evolutionary advantage. Quite the opposite. Research led by UNC School of Medicine’s Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena, PhD, showed that some copies (alleles) of the mouse gene R2d2 can spread quickly through laboratory and wild mouse populations. This happens in spite of the fact that these R2d2 alleles cause females to have fewer offspring. The discovery, published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, marks the first time scientists have used laboratory and natural populations of mice to show that a selfish gene can become fixed in a population of organisms while at the same time being detrimental to ”reproductive fitness.
These findings violate a key principle in biology: Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which suggests that alleles beneficial to an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce – its fitness – will increase steadily in frequency over time. Meanwhile, alleles that are detrimental to fitness will decrease in frequency and eventually disappear. As a beneficial allele rises in frequency, it eventually crowds out all other alleles in a process called a ”selective sweep.” A famous evolutionary example in humans is an allele of the lactase gene that makes it possible for adults to digest milk. Over the past 4,000 years, this allele has risen to high frequency among people that practice pastoral agriculture, but remains rare in other parts of the world.
The patterns left behind by a typical selective sweep are valuable tools for learning about which genetic changes are beneficial during evolution. But Pardo-Manuel de Villena said the R2d2 result suggests that caution is required when working backwards from a selective sweep to a hypothesis about a beneficial trait.
”The ’selfish sweep’ at R2d2 looks just like a typical selective sweep but has nothing to do with adaptation,” said Pardo-Manuel de Villena, a professor of genetics at UNC and senior author of the paper. ”We know very little about the relative importance of selfish and adaptive sweeps in evolution.
How does R2d2 escape natural selection? By cheating at female meiosis, the specialized type of cell division that produces eggs. Most animals and plants, including humans and mice, carry two alleles of every gene – one allele from each parent. When an organism reproduces, it passes along only one allele to each offspring. The ”law of segregation,” posited by Gregor Mendel in 1865, suggests that there is an equal probability of transmission of either a maternal allele or paternal allele.
But in a previous paper, published in PLoS Genetics in 2015, Pardo-Manuel de Villena’s team showed that some alleles of R2d2 distort meiosis to promote their own transmission to offspring in a process called meiotic drive. This advantage comes with a cost.
”Female mice with distorted transmission of R2d2 also had fewer offspring,” said co-author Andrew Morgan, a graduate student in Pardo-Manuel de Villena’s lab. ”This trade-off is what makes R2d2 selfish: if meiotic drive is strong enough, then it increases the frequency of alleles that decrease reproductive fitness.
The findings have implications in fields from basic biology to agriculture and human health. ”Exceptions to fundamental rules of biology are always important to study,” said Pardo-Manuel de Villena. And, he added, R2d2 has unique features that make it a promising system for studying how chromosomes are transmitted to offspring.
A second, more practical application is the possibility that R2d2 or its components could be used in ”gene drives.” A gene drive involves a selfish gene that pushes a second gene – usually one that causes sterility – through a population. Gene drives have potential for the control of invasive species and vectors for human diseases, such as mice, rats, and mosquitos.
Explore further:R2d2 beats Mendel: Scientists find selfish gene that breaks long-held law of inheritance
More information: John P Didion et al. drives selfish sweeps in the house mouse , Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016). DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw036
John P. Didion et al. A Multi-Megabase Copy Number Gain Causes Maternal Transmission Ratio Distortion on Mouse Chromosome 2, PLOS Genetics (2015). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004850
Journal reference:Molecular Biology and EvolutionPLoS Genetics
Provided by:University of North Carolina Health Care
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Custom offshore pipeline repair systems save money
Suzana Abilio Stephane Taxy Xavier Michel Angola Deepwater Consortium Luanda Based on presentation to Deep Offshore Technology International, Houston, Oct. 22-24, 2013. Establishing and operating a custom emergency pipeline-flowline repair system (PRS) for offshore deepwater projects can reduce repair times enough to justify the additional expense. The Angola Deepwater Consortium (ADC) found that existing PRS concepts could be adapted with some qualification to cope with high pressure and the region's particular fluid characteristics and that these concepts could be further adapted to address pipe-in-pipe (PiP) repair. The cost of a custom repair system covering 8- to 24-in. OD pipe m...
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About 20 years ago, the second installment in the real-time strategy (RTS) Age of Empires series was released for PC. Developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings saw an expansion — Age of Conquerors — about a year later, bringing more campaigns, civilizations, and some quality of life (QoL) fixes. This collection of games was played incessantly by a huge crowd of RTS fans and eventually saw an HD remake in 2013. Age of Empires II: HD Edition spawned its own collection of expansion packs, including The Forgotten, The African Kingdoms, and Rise of the Rajas, complete with a bunch of new civilizations, campaigns and a graphics reworks that better suited modern hardware and displays. Best VPN providers 2020: Learn about ExpressVPN, NordVPN & more Now, with Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition (AoEII:DE) — developed by Forgotten Empires, Tantalus Media, and Wicked Witch and published by Xbox Game Studios — fans of the series are getting an impressive graphics overhaul with new animations and 4K support, three new campaigns with four new civilizations, remastered audio, new units and technologies, plenty of QoL changes, and an improved multiplayer experience with leaderboards, ladders, matchmaking, and improved spectator mode. I've been playing AoEII:DE for about a week to check out whether or not it's worth a buy for long-time veterans and newcomers to the series.
An RTS for the ages Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition Bottom line: There is some wonky balancing and AI logic evident, but Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition is an absolute joy to play. Just be sure your PC can handle the requirements in order to get the full experience. Pros Includes all previous expansions and one new expansion
Four new civilizations for 35 total
Artwork and animations are beautiful
Tons of quality of life improvements
Reworked AI that puts up a far better challenge without cheating Cons Some AI pathing and logic is a bit wonky
Further balancing will be for the best
Factory graphics settings are not ideal for returning players
Requires a considerable amount of PC power for best experience $20 at Microsoft
$20 at Steam
What I loved about Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition
Age of Empires II isn't a game that needed any major mechanics reworked, and that's been honored here in the Definitive Edition. I played a lot of the original and HD versions, and I was able to jump into a Definitive Edition skirmish and play without having to make many adjustments. Hotkeys can be set to classic or to a grid-like method — the top row of the keyboard is used for the top line of your commands, middle row for middle line, and on — that's easier for newcomers to pick up. Gameplay is immediately familiar, but the myriad QoL improvements also make it seem new. Age of Empires II has never looked so good, and the developers have kept the feel of the original game. I'm still uncovering small tidbits that make macro- and micro-managing easier. Still, there are some significant changes that benefit everyone and ultimately make the game a lot more fun to play in Dark Age through to Imperial Age. Starting out, you can now set farms to automatically reseed as long as wood stocks allow. No more spamming the farm queue button and eventually running out ten minutes later. Units can have multiple waypoints set at once, meaning you can chart out a path for your original scout (or any other unit) and not have to continuously click a new place for it to travel to. Trebuchets will now pack and unpack automatically when you assign them to attack a certain building either in or out or range. And you can now queue up technologies and units at the same time, allowing less downtime for production buildings while you're busy managing other aspects of the game. Your global queue of tech and units now includes icons in the top-left corner of the screen, just below the reworked toolbar. Along with standard resource counts, the idle villager icon has been moved up top and shows how many idles you have. Below each resource is also a value that indicates how many villagers are collecting at the given time. When you've hit Post-Imperial, and there are hundreds of units to manage, these small changes make a huge difference. The user interface (UI) is also scalable, so you can find something you're satisfied with depending on your monitor size. Resources now have a toggleable "health" bar that shows you how much remains of a certain item, like a boar, tree, or gold tile. No more having to click an individual item to see how much remains.
These changes make for a more user-friendly experience, but the biggest and best upgrades are the graphics and animations. Age of Empires II has never looked so good, and the developers have kept the feel of the original game. Units and buildings haven't been changed so much that they aren't recognizable, and the artwork and animations are absolutely gorgeous. Ever since I played my first round of the original game, I wanted to see castles and town centers crumble into dust, and that's now a reality. Trebuchets swinging, troops riding into battle, battering rams hammering down production buildings; it's all here, and it all looks stunning. A zoom feature has been implemented, so you can now pull back to get a broader look at the map or punch right in to see your workers toiling. With the HD graphics pack enabled, everything remains clear no matter how close you get to the action. The factory settings do take some tweaking to get looking perfect, and performance is going to be an issue, but I'll get into that later. To go along with the graphics overhaul, all audio has been remastered and reworked. The original soundtrack has been redone and sounds as epic as ever, and unit and building sound effects are more robust and more varied. With a quality gaming headset on, your ears are in for a treat.
There's an old joke with Age of Empires II fans that the game taught more history than any class in high school, and that's more valid than ever with three new campaigns. The collection is called "The Last Khans" and encompasses the four new civilizations added to the game, including Bulgarians, Cumans, Lithuanians, and Tatars. The new missions are expertly voice acted, and the older campaigns have also been reworked with new voice acting. Some of the HD expansion campaigns only had text, but voice acting has been added there as well. Altogether, you're getting more than 200 hours of singleplayer gameplay before even breaking into skirmishes and multiplayer action. I played through most of all three branches of the new campaign, and if you enjoyed the older entries, you're sure to enjoy these. Additionally, there are nearly 150 achievements to attain. Once the optional campaigns are completed, you can jump into singleplayer skirmishes against AI or into multiplayer against other humans. All the classic modes return — Random Map, King of the Hill, Regicide, Deathman, etc. — as well as a new mode called Empire Wars that starts you out in Feudal age with a number of production buildings and assigned villagers. It's a quicker way to get into the action and offers something new for returning players. On top of the usual ways to play, there's a new feature called "The Art of War." It's a five-part section that teaches players how to get a good start on economy, how to boom, how to get to castle age as quickly as possible (a popular strategy), and how to employ or defend against a rush.
New AI has been implemented, as well as a ton of new commands for allied AI players. For example, you can tell allies to attack with certain troops, you can choose where to fortify with walls, and you can ask them to focus on certain aspects of the game to better complement your playstyle. In previous games, high-level AI had to cheat to keep up with human players. That has been removed, and AI now instead operates more similar to how pro-level humans play. I watched enemy AI scout with sheep, push in deer to the Town Center, and raid my economy with small forces as I attacked its front door. Enemy troops took the high ground when attacked, and wouldn't throw units away at the foot of my castles. Able to put up a strong fight against Hardest AI in the HD version of the game, the new Extreme AI utterly steamrolled me. I enjoy multiplayer but certainly spend a lot of time allied with and against AI opponents, so these changes make a huge difference and ultimately prepare players better for multiplayer. HD and original CD AI are also available to play against. On that note, multiplayer has also seen some changes. The old peer-to-peer servers are gone in favor of dedicated servers spread out across global regions. I played with an ally from the UK and experienced no noticeable lag. That might change with an eight-player game from different regions, but overall there should be far better stability in online games. There are now leaderboards and ladders baked in, and a matchmaking feature makes it easy to find an opponent in the same rating range. There's no limit to how many spectators can jump into a game to watch, and they have new tools to get the best viewing experience possible. AoEII:DE is available on Steam and from the Microsoft Store, but both versions will be able to cross-play. What I disliked about Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition
I'm thoroughly enjoying my time with AoEII:DE, but there are certainly some noticeable issues. Foremost is the performance on my PC that includes an AMD Ryzen 5 2600 processor (CPU), NVIDIA RTX 2060 graphics card (GPU), and 16GB of DDR4 RAM. I immediately changed graphics settings to my liking — disabled bloom, disabled animated fog, and cranked everything else up — and set resolution to 1440p. This gave the game more of an original feel that veterans will likely prefer. I first played a number of matches without the Enhanced Graphics pack and saw framerates consistently around 120, dropping below 60 with a lot of action on the screen. Without the pack enabled, the game still looks good, but you can't zoom in nearly as far, and sprites do look pixellated at max allowable zoom. The game looks stunning with the Enhanced Graphics pack enabled, but after placing down some farms and massing some troops, the game dropped down to a consistent 30 frames-per-second (FPS) and regularly dropped below 15 FPS in action-packed sequences or popped up to 60 FPS in quiet moments. My PC certainly isn't the most powerful out there, and I could turn down more settings to boost framerates, but performance could certainly be better. If you don't have a dedicated GPU, you're going to suffer even without the graphics pack enabled, and the HD version of the game will likely make a lot more sense.
Performance aside, I saw some wonky stuff in terms of pathing and logic. For example, I sent a bunch of villagers to build multiple farms with a mill in the middle. After checking back later, I noticed that only the mill and one farm was built and tended, while the other villagers had gone off to hunt nearby game. I noticed some weird pathing as well when sending villagers to work outside of walls. I tasked a group to build a castle outside my base, then deleted a section of the wall to allow them to walk directly to the castle's foundation. I retasked them on the castle with the wall deleted, but instead of noticing they now had an easier trail, they kept heading for the nearest gate. I had to click the ground next to the castle to get the villagers to go through the deleted wall portion, then click the castle foundation again to have them start work. Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition looks beautiful, but you'll need a beefy PC to take full advantage. The patrol command for troops, ideal for sending battalions into battle, seemed, in some cases, to be off. For example, I patrolled a group of pikemen into an enemy base, and instead of taking out the cavalry in front of them, they set fire to a farm while their numbers were hacked down by the knights. This wasn't the case every time, and more often than not, units figured out what they should do to ensure a long life, but I did have a laugh a couple of times as I watched my units pass by the enemy to attack something completely non-threatening. These issues, if not just me making errors on my end, will hopefully be addressed in the future. Microsoft has stated it will continue to work on AoEII:DE after release, with a focus on balancing and QoL changes. That's especially a good thing in terms of the new civilizations. The Definitive Edition has attempted to balance out some key aspects of the game — including making the Barracks infantry line more feasible with new technology — but there's still a way to go. Some of the new units in the game are quite powerful, and we'll have to see how the competitive community responds and how the developers react. Finally, no doubt because of the cross-play feature between Microsoft and Steam, mods will be collected at the Age of Empires website instead of the Steam Workshop. That's no doubt a bit of a worry for some long-time players used to the Workshop, but thanks to the built-in mod manager within AoEII:DE, there shouldn't be much issue implementing the additional content. One popular mod — the addition of gridlines on the playing field — is now implemented in the game as a gameplay setting. Should you buy Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition?
Considering AoEII:DE costs just $20 and includes all content ever officially made (with more than 200 hours of campaign gameplay alone), old fans of the game and newcomers to the RTS genre have a rather easy decision to make. It's also already included for free for anyone with Xbox Game Pass for PC, opening it up to a ton of people at no extra charge above the subscription fee. 4.5 out of 5 Yes, there are some issues with the game — especially when it comes to performance — so those lacking modern gaming hardware will likely need to test things out to see if it can run at an acceptable framerate. And hopefully, the game will be further optimized in the future for those of us still struggling with what should be adequate hardware. Even with the issues I mentioned at the top of mind, I can't wait to jump back into Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition and continue uncovering the smaller changes that I've yet to see. It's a true update to one of the greatest RTS games ever made, and it's never been more enjoyable to play. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3ad4e04f7fcb8dc42bf7571e9b06f5d6c251ebf1ada057582a8afcbdd17e42c4'} |
List of films set in New Zealand
This is a list of films filmed and set in New Zealand.
The early years — 1913–1940
The quiet years — 1941–1975
The early modern era — 1976–1985
The international era — 1986–
See also
List of films based on location
List of New Zealand films
Cinema of New Zealand
References
Martin, H., and Edwards, S. (1997) New Zealand film, 1912-1996. Auckland: Oxford University Press.
New Zealand | mini_pile | {'original_id': '72610b0712abcc9012bdebfda89fd5a3d827215675fee87b620184eae0bbaef0'} |
Health Benefits of Air Purifier
18 Benefits of an Air Purifier
Besides dealing with the never-ending indoor pollution, there are many health benefits of air purifiers that most people are unaware of. Clean air is essential to our health and well-being, having the RIGHT cleaner can be the key to unlock them all. In this article, we will go through every single beneficial point of using an air purifier. Some of the health perks are pretty self-explanatory, while few might even surprise you. If you spend most of your time indoor or still pondering whether should I get an air purifier, this post will address it all.
Short answer
Air purifier is good for you.
Long answer
Before we jump into the air purifier health benefits, where are some official figures to show you the importance of clean air. According to EPA, Americans spend approximately 90% of their time indoors and about 70% is spent at home. Despite the staggering numbers, indoor pollution is 2-5 times worse than outdoor pollution. Perhaps even more alarmingly, 87% of Americans homeowners have no idea that indoor air quality is worse than outdoor air. To top it off, there are around 50 million Americans suffering from various allergies annually according to ACAAI.
1. Air Purifiers Provide Clean Air
Clean air is very important to sustain a healthy life and growth. An air purifier can ensure you and your family members are breathing into clean, healthy air. By removing impurities like dust, mold, pollen, pet dander, smoke, mold spores, and germs, one can enjoy a healthy lifestyle. You will feel more energetic, productive with lots of positive vibes. Your blood pressure will decrease, digestion will improve, and you will sleep better throughout the night. Having clean air is also beneficial to your lungs and cardiovascular systems in the long run. Simply put, if you want to have a longer lifespan, get an air purifier that can provide you with clean air.
2. Air Purifiers Remove Asthma Attack Triggers
An air purifier can prevent an asthma attack from happening by eliminating nearby airborne irritants. This includes common triggers like dust, dust mite, mold, pet dander, pollen, tobacco smoke, CO, and odor. With airborne aggravators out of the picture, there is less likelihood of an asthma attack from happening.
Asthma is a chronic lung disease where a person’s airways are swollen or inflamed. The narrower airway will lead to symptoms like difficulty breathing, wheezing, and cough. While a home should be the safest place for an asthmatic person, is this sadly where most asthma-related deaths happen. A genuine HEPA air purifier can help alleviate asthma and other respiratory ailments. Leave it on all day and your home will be transformed into an asthma-friendly home. Always remember, air cleaner is a preventer but inhaler is a savior. It is the best thing to save you from a life-threatening asthma attack.
3. Air Purifiers Trap Airborne Dust And Slow Dust Buildup
A very effective dust removal machine, an air purifier will capture dust in the air before it can settle down. As less dust is fallen from the sky, there will be less dust accumulation so less cleaning is needed. While most people are hypersensitive to dust mites rather than dust itself, an air purifier can stop us from inhaling to both allergens. All your dust allergies will be gone with the wind.
Dust is everywhere no matter how often you perform housekeeping. This is because dust is made of dead skin, animal fur, dander, decomposing insects, pollen, food debris, hair, fabric or fiber. Depending on how small a particle is, dust can stay airborne for up to 5 days. On average, a home produces 4 pounds of dust every month (about the weight of a laptop). A vacuum cleaner would do a fine job on ground dust, it can’t deal with anything that is airborne. For this simple reason, every household should have an air purifier running 24×7.
4. Air Purifiers Impede Germs Growth And Spread
A germicidal air purifier can stop infection and germs from spreading from one room to another. This is done through the combined effort of True HEPA filter and ultraviolet light. The air purifier will pull in, trap, disinfect airborne germs and release only clean air out. If the filter comes with an antimicrobial coating, it can impede the microbes from further growth. With those pesky germs out of the way, everyone in your home will be shielded from flu, cough, and other illnesses.
Germs are often spread through the air via sneezing, coughing, rubbing eyes, or even simple handshake. Studies have shown most germs/ flu viruses can stay active for up to 24 hours. Specific cold viruses can survive in an indoor environment for up to 7 days. These microorganisms multiply and grow at an exponential rate and an air purifier can capture it before the germs settle into a host. However, an air purifier is only one part of the solution. Wash your hand, keep a room ventilated and optimal moisture level is one of the few ways to curb germ spread.
5. Air Purifiers Alleviate Seasonal Allergies
Dreaded the day when Spring arrives? An air purifier will combat seasonal allergens by trapping airborne pollen coming from trees, grasses, weeds. Without the allergens invading your breathing space, it will create a safe environment for anyone suffering from allergic rhinitis. For optimum results, keep all windows/ doors shut to reduce the numbers of incoming pollen.
When mother nature works its magic, you need to be prepared. Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen with symptoms similar to a common cold. This include sneezing, congestion, coughing, sinus pressure, watery eyes, itchiness, and scratchy throat. Most pollen allergies will come and go but typical viruses like cold can last from 7 to 10 days.
6. Air Purifiers Remove Stinky Odors
Nobody wants to stay in a smelly home. The biggest advantage of an air purifier is it can swiftly clear out any types of odors. This includes rotten eggs, cooking smoke, burnt food, cigarettes, sewage, diaper, and even chemical fumes like VOCs. The activated carbon filter will remove all unwanted smells plus the chemical substances. An air purifier is also very safe where you could leave it running all day in the background while you cook.
When something smells bad, it is probably bad for you. Odor can make a person feel sick but is not the pungent smell that is bad for you. It is the gaseous chemical compound or bacteria that travels with it. When we scent something unpleasant, one might experience loss of appetite, nausea or headache. Rather than masking away the foul smell with an air freshener, get an air purifier with a carbon filter. It will remove stinky odors without adding harmful particles into our body.
7. Air Purifiers Eliminate Cigarette Smoke Toxic And Smell
Like it or not, smokers are everywhere and so are the chemicals it brings. An air purifier can neutralize 4000+ chemicals and odors emitted from a cigarette. It can also act as a protective barrier against secondhand/ thirdhand smoke before it ends up on your wall or upholstery. In long-run, there is less likelihood of you or your family member from developing lung cancer. Children and the elderly would benefit the most in a smoke-free environment due to their weak respiratory systems. Again, the air cleaner must be equipped with a good carbon filter with decent coverage.
Tobacco is notoriously known for its 3 components: nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar. Nicotine is the popular one that causes addiction but tar is the dangerous one that causes cancer. Despite the aggressive awareness campaign, there are still 36.5 million smokers in the U.S. alone. More scaringly, at least 16 million people live with a smoking-related disease. Common sickness includes COPD, pneumonia, bronchitis, dementia, and heart disease. An air purifier will counter smoker way of life by lessening the impact smoking brings from a situation that you can’t change. If you are a smoker, quit smoking is no doubt the best option. Otherwise, smoke in an open space area or stay clear of a smoking zone area.
8. Air Purifiers Eliminate VOCs And Other Household Chemicals
Household chemicals are here to stay and so is an air purifier. An air purifier is an eco-friendly solution to eliminate volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In a typical home, you can find VOCs in paints, furnishing, coatings, air fresheners, and aerosol sprays. This includes detergent, toilet bowl cleaner, paint, or insect repellents (pesticide). Through the absorption of the carbon filter, an air purifier will also remove indoor chemicals like ammonia, deet, nitrogen dioxide, Formaldehyde, and biological contaminants.
VOCs is a chemical that can reach high vapor pressure at regular room temperature. If you are a hyperallergic person, you can feel existence through symptoms such as watering eyes, nausea, breathing difficulty with a burning/choking sensation in your throat. In small concentrations, there is no health concern to worry about. In high concentrations level though, it will pose major health risks and could even lead to cancer e.g. leukemia and lymphoma. If you are constantly exposed to cleaning products, an air purifier will be beneficial to your health.
9. Air Purifiers Remove Pet Allergens In The Air
Say goodbye to pet mess. An air purifier will subdue pet allergies but capturing pet hair, shed fur, and pet dander. It can also get rid of persistent pet odors and germs from saliva, body, and litter box. Your home will smell as fresh as before as there are fewer allergens in the air. There are many specialized pet air purifiers in the market. Choose the unit with the stronger airflow so it can cover more grounds.
Allergies can develop at any stage of life even if you are fully immunized. This can be extremely painful for pet owners that have to give up on their furry companion for something that is beyond their control. Another common scenario is your soulmate is unfortunately allergic to your cat or dog. Besides taking allergy shots, medication or getting an allergenic dog or cat, an air purifier will give pet allergy persons a second chance.
10. Air Purifiers Protect Baby, Children, the Elderly From Respiratory Illnesses
Creating a clean air environment is one of the main benefits to own an air purifier especially if you have a baby or elderly at home. Why? This is because they are the group that spends most of their time indoor. They are also at higher risk of respiratory diseases due to the weakened immune system. Children and babies will more likely to breathe into ground pollutants that are stirred up due to their body height. Air purifiers can provide clean air thus prevent development or aggravating diseases.
Our immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs. It will defend our body against bacteria and viruses attack. As we continue to age, the number of cells will reduce thus the body will take a longer time to recover from cuts and infection. That is why elderly, postpartum women and sick persons should be treated with extra care. Baby on the other hand, has a developing immune system and smaller lung capacity. So remember, we “the strong one” have the duty to protect “the weaker one”, a HEPA air purifier can safeguard “the weaker one” from viruses attack. If you have newborn, baby or elderly at home, an air purifier would protect them from any virus infection.
11. Air Purifiers Help You Sleep Better
If you have trouble falling asleep at night, air purifiers can improve your sleep quality by generating calm pink noise. It will also clear away all the sleep-disturbing irritants in the air like dust mites, mold, or mildew. Without the irritants triggering allergic reactions, expect less snoring and sleep interruption. You will breathe easier and your sleeping partners would truly appreciate it. Your body will also thank you for supplying enough oxygen for internal organs.
Despite the common theme, many people are unable to sleep through the night. Sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that should not be taken lightly. People with untreated sleep apnea often suffer from unrefreshed sleep or lack of concentration. Other signs include snoring, headaches, insomnia, and even decreased sexual desire (ouch). In long-run, it will have a detrimental health effect on our body. If you are suffering from mild sleep apnea due to cold, an air purifier could be the answer to the woes. Keep in mind that not all air purifier generates calm and soothing noise. Picking the *right* silent model and set the fan speed to low or sleep mode.
12. Air Purifiers Eliminate Outdoor Pollutants
An air purifier will remove outdoor pollutants that manage to flow inside our home. With a HEPA filter and an activated carbon filter, air purifier can trap PM2.5 particles or toxic fumes before it reaches into our lungs. This includes harmful substances like Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Formaldehyde (CH2O). Just make sure you opt from a reputable brand with strong filtration and wide purifying coverage.
Outdoor pollution never takes a break especially in an urban area. The typical source of outdoor pollution includes fossil fuel burning, vehicle fumes, and forest burning. As indoor air is 2 to 5 times dirtier than outdoor air, prolong exposure to the pollutants will have adverse effects on our health. It can lead to diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema and worst still, cancer. Beside staying indoor, close all windows or move out of the area, there are very little things you could do. An air cleaner is your best bet to block out outdoor pollutants in your home.
13. Air Purifiers Eliminate Radon Gas That Causes Lung Cancer
An odorless gas that is extremely harmful when inhaled, air purifier can help trap and contain radon gas contamination. Very important feature because most radon poisoning happens without a person realizing it. It could take months until you discover the leakage and weeks to hire a radon mitigation contractors. Having an air purifier running in the background can protect you and your family members from radon gas leakage. With minimal exposure, the risk of developing lung cancer is drastically reduced.
Radon is a radioactive, byproduct of uranium in soil, rock, and water. Coming from the ground, the gas will slowly enter into a home through cracks on the floor, plaster, wall, pipework, electrical wires, and ceiling. According to EPA, there are around 14,000 to 21,000 deaths annually in the U.S. from radon linked lung cancer. While an air purifier can trap most of the radon particulates in the filters, it cannot stop more radon gas from coming in. Seal any cracks on the floors, walls, and fix any damage duct before more toxic gases are spread out.
14. Air Purifiers Capture Airborne Asbestos Particles
A good air purifier with a True HEPA filter can remove asbestos particles in the air. Airborne asbestos fibers are lightweight, odorless, tasteless therefore hard to detect its existence. While the risk factors as decreased over the years, exposure to a high concentration level of asbestos can be fatal. In long-run, you are in jeopardy of diseases such as asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma (cancer).
If you are staying in an older house built before the 80s era, please pay close attention. Due to its fireproof, heat resistant, and durability quality, you will find asbestos in almost every building material. From pipe insulation, drywall, ceiling, cement to floor tiles, asbestos fibers will be released when damaged or cut. An air purifier will safeguard your home from asbestos fibers released during a renovation. However, you should still consult an asbestos abatement expert on the removal process.
15. Air Purifiers Improve Mood Levels
The advantage of owning an air purifier is it can improve your mood simply by producing clean air. Clean air would do wonders for your mood and health-being when inhaled. An air purifier with ionizer feature generates millions of negative ions to bring down airborne pollutants. The dispersed negative ions will produce biochemical reactions that boost levels of the mood chemical serotonin. Positive mood also helps alleviate depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
An air purifier is not a dopamine generator. It can boost your happiness but it cannot make you happy when you are not. A stroll in the park or enjoying some mood-boosting foods would temporarily improve your emotional state. If you constantly experiencing mood swings, consult your doctor to see if you are suffering from Bipolar Disorder.
sharp air purifier mosquito
16. Air Purifiers Reduce Stress
Breathing in polluted air can bring you down. Air purifiers actively remove airborne pollutants hence reducing your stress level. A bad cold, cough or headache will also stress you out and when you are stressed, your mood swings. An air purifier helps manage your health condition so you would not be dragged down by any illnesses.
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that helps the body respond to stress and fight infections. When a person breathes in purified air, your cortisol levels will decrease which relaxes our body. Studies have shown that a person is less stressed when breathing in clean air than those that are not. An air purifier can create a stress-free environment that improves productivity and calmness.
17. Air Purifiers Trap Mosquito And Prevent Malaria Infection
As weird as it may sounds, there are air purifiers that can capture mosquitoes and other tiny insects. Through a mosquito repellent sheet in its filtration, the strong airflow would suck in and trap nearby mosquitoes leaving them dead inside. While an air purifier may not be the perfect mosquito catcher, think about it as an extra benefit that taps on to the existing air cleaning feature.
Mosquitoes are one of the deadliest creatures on the planet. It accounted for 475,000 deaths every year. This disease-carrying insect often roams in Africa and in Southeast Asia, where dengue and malaria fever spread. In the U.S, West Nile virus, (LAC) encephalitis, and yellow fever diseases are more commonly transmitted. It still baffles us to this day that why most manufacturers never thought of implementing this in their air purifier lineup.
18. Air Purifiers Extend HVAC Filter Lifespan
Every household HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) comes with a filter that helps trap dust and other irritants. Having an air purifier running in the background will decrease the density of pollutants in the air. As a result, there will be less clogging on the HVAC filters thus the less cleaning is needed. When there is less burden on the filters, the filter should last longer than in a dirty environment.
Frequently Asked Questions FAQ
How Do I Choose The Right Air Purifier?
If this is your first-ever air purifier purchase, it may seem daunting with many options available in the market. Some models are only meant for close-range use while some are designed for the living hall. So always start by understanding your needs. Once you have a clear mindset on your needs, start focusing on the types and features of the air cleaner. All clear? Here are some key factors you should consider when using an air purifier.
• What do you need the air purifier to do - Do you need it to remove dust, mold, germ, cigarette smoke, pet hair or odors? As air purifier comes in different sizes, variations, and price, knowing what you want can save you a lot of time searching for the right model.
• Set a budget (including filter cost) - Cheap air purifier doesn't mean it is unusable. There are lots of under 100 air purifiers that will do a fine job in purifying the air. For an all-round HEPA air purifier, expect the price between 200-300 dollars. Purchase what you need to enjoy greater savings on the cost especially in the long-run.
• Measure the square footage of your room size - Account for the number of people and ceiling height. A good air purifier must have enough capacity to cover the entire room. Most manufacturers will give you the recommended room size that you can refer to instead of calculating yourself. In short, if you are using the air purifier in the living room, get a bigger unit. Otherwise, a smaller unit would do just fine.
• HEPA air purifier - Our 1st choice and the best air purifier to go for. In general, there are 3 types of HEPA air purifiers in the market. a True HEPA, HEPA-type, and permanent HEPA filter. True HEPA filter is the most effective one that removes 99.97% of the airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns. Combine with a pre-filter, carbon filter, and UV-light, there's nothing the air purifier cannot capture. The only negative to HEPA air purifier is the expensive filter replacement cost. Bar the washable pre-filter, every filter including True HEPA requires replacing annually.
• UV air purifiers - AKA germ killer or Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Cleaner. A proven technology that uses ultraviolet light to kill allergen cells. Rather than trapping them like a filter, UV purifiers will permanently eliminate germ and bacteria. Great at disinfecting an area from seasonal flu and viruses. Unfortunately, the light bulb influence will decline over time making it less effective at a later stage. UV light is also not very effective against large particles as it requires going through a multi-shot of rays to destroy it.
• Carbon air purifier/ deodorizer - An air purifier equipped with charcoal or activated carbon filter. Through the process of absorption, the filter will remove only odor, smoke, and chemical fumes like VOCs. Unless you have a very specific use of the deodorizer like in the bathroom, you're better off with a HEPA air purifier.
• Ionic air purifier/ Air Ionizer - AKA Negative Ion air purifier. A filter-free air purifier that generates tons of negative ions into the air. The negative ions will merge will positive ions irritants causing it to fall due to the increased weight. On a positive note, ionic air purifiers can swiftly reduce the density of irritants in the air. The downside is the fallen irritants will then adhere to the sofa, wall, ground. If there is no cleaning, the irritants would still be stuck in the room and can be stir back up when disturbed.
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Accounts Outsourcing
Why does a business need accounts outsourcing
Accounts outsourcing and accounting are part of running any business. Whether you hire an accountant or are comfortable doing it yourself, keeping your books in order will help keep track of required records.
Hiring an accountant during your business start-up phase may be advantageous as he or she can help answer your questions about accounts outsourcing.
1. Better financial analysis and management
Cash flow management is one of the most important things to focus. Regardless if you are busy or not, once invoices are delayed, no follow-ups on customer payments and falling out on supplier’s list of customers will eventually crash you down. accounts outsourcing can systematize it up from up-to-date follow-ups, invoicing and on-time payment for suppliers.
2. Fulfillment of Tax Obligations
3. Reporting to Investors is Easy
4. Business Planning is Easy
5. Proper Record Keeping as Required by Law
To achieve all these, you can hire a bookkeeper or accountant to do it and keep your financial aspect intact and organized. accounts outsourcing can spell the difference between success and bankruptcy and can also literally mean thousands of rupees for your business.
Why outsource your accounts ?
Outsourcing your accounts to professionals not only removes one of the biggest headaches involved with managing a companies financial affairs, but also offers a multitude of benefits such as:
Peace of mind. As a full accountancy practice, our clerks have many years accounts outsourcing experience to ensure fast and accurate data entry, resulting in a correct and complete set of accounts and tax return at the end of the financial period. This is even more important if your business is selected for income tax scrutiny there is a much less chance of discrepancies being found provided the records given to us have been accurate.
Tax savings. As we complete your accounts outsourcing your dedicated clerk will constantly be looking for any potential efficiencies which may result in less tax being owed to Tax Authorities. Spotting these inefficiencies and making changes early on can result in significant savings for you
How does the process work?
Once you have decided to appoint us to complete your accounts outsourcing we will ask you to send us your records at a suitable frequency (monthly, quarterly and annually).
Documents can be send in the form of hard copies or soft copies through our mobile app/website.
Once your records have been received we will input the transactions into our software such as tally, zoho books(cloud based system) and finalised the accounts.
Financial reports will be prepared and shared with you at a suitable frequency.
how can we help you?
“We are satisfied with More4LessAdvisory prompt and timely services. We receive timely updates and reminders about the GST, income tax and other related accounting needs”
Satisfied with prompt and timely services
Pravin Nikam, Winspiration Energy & Engineering Pvt Ltd
Looking for first class expert | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '202', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9476011395454408}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50053', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UFDO23HWNSQYCIVH3TVTQFPOERRFKVBL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9802de4c-72c8-4e2b-9aa9-72a40a0760d3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 18, 22, 40, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.126.131.68', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ESKCUVV63VQCCSCIBP2NCYKY3JAU6LAP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ebfd0a00-7b70-42db-8504-049ff6d13d18>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://more4lessadvisory.com/accounts-outsourcing/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ec5efb92-1bb3-496a-9d0d-baf756b9ed00>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '659', 'url': 'https://more4lessadvisory.com/accounts-outsourcing/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-61-240-216.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1914798617362976', 'original_id': 'c40624408d0e50623d6497fdc1ce96653a541809193c6b55b7eba0dbb5794dac'} |
This modern smokehouse caters to brunch, lunch and dinner trade, with a highly skilled bar staff that stocks craft beers, cocktails, bourbons and the infamous pickle backs.
Think blacksmith for the interior with two large authentic smokers flown in from The States, plus a dedicated cool room for charcuterie.
Meathsmith is an 85-seated casual diner, with bench seating and communal tables. The restaurant has a fun atmosphere so you can eat, drink and unwind listening to rockabilly, smoke house blues and California rock.
Operating Hours:
Monday - Sunday:
11:30 - 23:59 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.898330807685852}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '18844', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5536AQLIRAAQA556BVPHUX5QDJ2F62G6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:900d97ea-200c-46bd-8a5a-9928122aa8f5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 19, 6, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '122.248.243.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HAIY24HY2EBPK6HTCWL35S3RZTLGICEH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b07682e-7a5c-4721-bc3b-8e4734657463>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://sg.tabledb.com/singapore/meatsmith/reservation/5834eae0e4b06ddfcb1410ce', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4ffe9969-9b98-454e-a3ef-91989e93cbeb>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '90', 'url': 'http://sg.tabledb.com/singapore/meatsmith/reservation/5834eae0e4b06ddfcb1410ce', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-149-151-244.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16942280530929565', 'original_id': '532821cb24ac3b23c7d9231ab2452631341a80186073fc67e85c04c17999ff13'} |
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What Happened at the G20?
Initial analysis of the London summit
G20 leaders met for the second time in London on April 2, as the global economic crisis began to crash across the borders of poor countries with ever-greater severity. Oxfam's research shows rising human impacts in the shape of job losses, falling remittances to the families of migrant workers and a particularly severe impact on women workers in global supply chains. Based on the latest forecasts, published on the eve of the summit, Oxfam estimates that the crisis could push 100 million people into poverty in 2009 alone.
Against this backdrop, how did the G20 leaders perform?
Publication date
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Oxfam.org Facebook Twitter Instagram YouTube Google+ | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '60', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8863061666488647}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '22432', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HCBHOSXVYUC5GNKCOYOM25HCO5CYJT7V', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4dc3717c-a640-408e-9b13-0454b3590e0d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 28, 19, 35, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '174.47.106.157', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GM5XIJEU77RAQ4BKLM2CZSMPGIDKIZOQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:581fca62-1afd-4d57-a0e9-0f3f7c4bb883>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/research-publications/what-happened-at-the-g20/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c1ab035-316f-4667-b4af-629f4eab4469>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '122', 'url': 'http://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/research-publications/what-happened-at-the-g20/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.058405935764312744', 'original_id': '4f01fa78549988fa0fcf44b55687d1943f89e428d9ec0b23089fcc50f69546ad'} |
Moving to Istanbul
►Buy the Expat Guide to Istanbul for PDF
Istanbul, with one foot in Europe and the other in Asia, is a captivating city with frenzied markets, stunning royal palaces and minarets, and modern art and entertainment.
minarets in the afternoon sunligh in istanbul
Expats moving to Istanbul will find a vibrant and modern multicultural city, separated by the Bosphorus Strait, where East and West intermingle and come together to form a whole that is hardly recognised by the pieces.
Compared to the rest of Turkey the cost of living in Istanbul is expensive. Petrol prices are particularly high when compared to Europe and the US, as is imported alcohol. In fact, most branded imported items will be costly due to high import duties.
However, for daily groceries, medical care and domestic help, Istanbul is cheaper than most Western countries. Education is another expense that expats with children will have to consider when moving to Turkey. Most expats choose to send their children to international schools, which generally offer a superior education to the local public schools in Istanbul. However, this comes at a high price.
Istanbul has a lively nightlife accentuated by some very upmarket restaurants and even trendier nightclubs. There are also numerous modern shopping malls and markets to entice avid shoppers. Most notably, Istanbul is home to the Grand Bazaar, which boasts over 4,000 shops and is surrounded by a maze of streets lined with even more shops.
Expats in Istanbul will hardly find themselves being bored. There are many significant historical landmarks to explore, and an abundance of nearby villages and towns offer the chance for day trips and a weekend escape from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Our Istanbul Expert
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Bombay, India
Bombay, India
Shireen Mistry has recently returned to Bombay after living in Istanbul for 5 years. Her time in Istanbul (2003-2008) was...
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Login with your Facebook account (Recommended) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9390755891799928}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33214', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JBQE6EHSPC6T762KBDJDW5ZK3ET3PYN2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:61e01994-6147-4c37-bc4e-0e4a0173f868>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 18, 12, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '5.79.2.73', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GHS63F2BIOXXAJPUFQJ7EWK6IL34YL33', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d765f49f-8d1d-4c99-8e78-d8278a00205c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.expatarrivals.com/turkey/istanbul/moving-to-istanbul', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:765d46fd-f83d-4084-9b6a-b5dec847188c>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '357', 'url': 'http://www.expatarrivals.com/turkey/istanbul/moving-to-istanbul', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03494679927825928', 'original_id': 'd3e25240972abf4d4bb45380d23388faf7d2122874397a7915ef346b872ddf1b'} |
Prime News Ghana
E/R: Armed robbery increases due bad roads
By Kweku Antwi Jnr
Commercial drivers who ply their routes to and from the Osenase-Oda in the Lower West Akyem Municipality and Arsene Manso in the Akroso Districts of the Eastern Region are working in fear due to constant attacks by armed robbers.
The frequent attacks are as a result of the bad nature of the roads which slows their movement allowing the robbers to attack them easily.
They said armed robbery attacks have become rampant in the municipality both day and night because of the poor nature of the roads.
The commercial drivers told PrimeNewsGhana in an interview that, the poor road network in the area has become a major challenge for drivers.
Apart from the armed robbery attacks, the drivers complained of frequent breakdown of vehicles, leading to the armed robbery attacks.
Sanahene of Odau Traditional Area, Bafour Korankye Adade I, is, therefore, appealing to the government to as a matter of urgency, come to the aid of the two districts by constructing the roads for them.
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Grae Drake
Hope Springs Review
Grae's Rating:
Hope Springs is the kind of movie that is so realistic, affecting, and emotionally stirring that studios are afraid you won't go see it. So they concocted a trailer that makes it seem just like every other romantic comedy you can think of, slap a song in there that could play on an adult contemporary station as the "hip but accessible" single, and cross their fingers that people will get suckered into going. But the surprising part is, you're actually going to like it--even if it isn't what you're led to believe it is.
But first, a warning: This is a movie about 55-ish-year-olds doing stuff that isn't normally represented in the youth-cherishing culture of Hollywood. If seeing Meryl Streep and Tommy Lee Jones roll in front of a fireplace makes you want to cover your eyes and whimper in the corner of the local cineplex, then stay home. But if Tommy Lee Jones getting felt up over his Dockers intrigues you, then by all means, get your wallet.
Kay (Streep) and Arnold (Jones) have been married 31 years. They have adult kids and a lovely home straight out of a Restoration Hardware catalog. What they don't have is intimacy--Arnold sleeps in a separate room, and deftly turns down Kay's shy propositions that take all her courage to muster. His crankiness and her unhappiness are suffocating them, and finally Kay offers a more pronounced proposition: She is going to an intensive marriage therapy session. And Arnold, with the wisdom that comes from being married to someone for decades, understands that he better go with her. Or else.
Dr. Feld is their marriage counselor played by Steve Carell, which seems like another move by the studio higher-ups to trick you into thinking that at some point you'll see AARP members hitting each other with jousting sticks. But he's playing it straight here and in fact I don't think he even cracks one joke, which felt like the only unrealistic thing in the film. He talks in this over-controlled tone of voice, like a Therapy Robot, but he looks great in comfy sweaters and is easy to forget next to the torture you're watching the couple go through.
Essentially the only two kinds of scenes in the film are ones with Kay and Arnold twisting painfully in the wind while Steve Carell digs into their personal life, and scenes where they are trying to complete Dr. Feld's simple-but-confrontational "assignments." Just like real life, they experience success, failure, and everything in between. But there's no fluff in this movie to make you feel like they're going to make it no matter what. The script is so brutally honest that Kay and Arnold's union might just end up like 50% of marriages nowadays. But the two leads make it so you're rooting for them to come out winners, even if they have frustrating personality traits (because who doesn't). This movie won't be much of an escape from reality for audiences, but at least it's an escape from cliched, saccharine, fantasy-based nonsense.
Grae's recent reviews
All Grae Drake's Movie Reviews | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9711725115776062}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37914', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OUBLG4XFOBJMOS2ZPWERSGUYWPCICA3B', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b50296b8-d60f-4260-b8a0-7b62b6ef1d2b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 22, 6, 24, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '184.169.136.212', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FTW677FUPM5W24HPDD37NX624TDHOH23', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:04077280-64da-4fb2-adcc-bf91101cb677>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.movies.com/movie-reviews/hope-springs-review/grae-drake/m68383', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:df107772-7a21-4fff-a13e-170e2d5d450f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '536', 'url': 'http://www.movies.com/movie-reviews/hope-springs-review/grae-drake/m68383', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3901364207267761', 'original_id': '56774736b86bc974e5d3e62a08001f6660cda31e18816e4585ddf132a86fcb6a'} |
Three big lessons of the Qatar crisis
Qatar’s foreign minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson exchange a memorandum of understanding in Doha, Qatar, on Tuesday. (Naseem Zeitoon/Reuters)
While Secretary of State Rex Tillerson is currently in the Gulf attempting to broker an end to the crisis between Qatar and four Arab countries, the conflict shows no signs of a resolution. The crisis broke on June 5, shortly following President Trump’s visit to the region. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain declared a blockade of Qatar with no evident immediate cause. The anti-Qatar quartet released an extreme list of 13 demands which seemed intended to be rejected.
After Qatar brushed aside the Quartet’s July 3 deadline, the list of 13 demands was whittled down to six. Secret agreements from the resolution of the last round of the crisis were leaked in an effort to increase pressure on Doha by demonstrating its failure to abide by previous agreements. Despite Tillerson’s active diplomacy, the spat seems no closer to resolution. What began with the expectation of Qatar’s rapid capitulation, with the threat of regime change or war raised by influential columnists, has instead settled down into a “long estrangement.”
Should this have been a surprise? Here are a few big things we have learned about the international relations of the Middle East from the crisis:
There are limits to Saudi-UAE leadership.
After hosting dozens of Arab and Muslim leaders for President Trump’s summit, Saudi Arabia and the UAE evidently expected a rapid victory over Qatar and widespread regional support. It has not worked out that way. The effort to demonstrate Saudi-UAE hegemony over the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab Middle East has instead demonstrated the continuing divisions of the regional order.
As with their disastrous war in Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the UAE radically overstated their prospects for success and failed to have a plausible plan B in case things did not go to plan. The anti-Qatar quartet seems to have overestimated Qatari fears of isolation from the GCC and their own ability to inflict harm on their neighbor.
Economic boycott could only marginally harm one of the wealthiest countries in the world, while the U.S. military base provided an effective military deterrent. Military threats had little effect once the U.S. military made it clear that it had no interest in UAE suggestions that it move the U.S. air base from Qatar. The demand to close Al Jazeera attracted widespread global condemnation as an assault on media freedom, while four fiercely repressive and anti-democratic regimes had a difficult time mounting plausible criticisms of Qatar’s undemocratic system.
While the failure to coerce Qatar seems predictable, it is more remarkable that Saudi Arabia and the UAE failed to expand the anti-Qatar coalition beyond the four core members. Bahrain hardly has an independent foreign policy, since its brutal repression of protests in 2011, while Egypt views Qatar as part of its own domestic power struggle with the Muslim Brotherhood. Neither needed much enticement to join.
But no other country has wholeheartedly supported the campaign. The GCC itself has been divided, as Kuwait and Oman have sought to play mediating roles. North African states, and even heavily dependent Jordan, have hedged, struggling to stay neutral and wait out the crisis.
Meanwhile, the effort to isolate Qatar created openings for other regional power players. Most dramatically, Turkey sent military forces to Qatar to deter any invasion. This was a symbolic gesture, given the unlikelihood of an overt attack, but one which further fragmented established norms of Gulf security.
Iran has taken the opportunity to improve its relations with not only Qatar but also Oman and Kuwait. That Saudi Arabia and the UAE were willing to rip apart the GCC over their grievances with Qatar suggests that their fear of Iran is not quite so all consuming. The power struggles and political competition between the Sunni powers, as well as their continuing existential fears of popular uprisings and Islamist challengers, remain more urgently threatening than the more widely discussed conflict with Iran.
Nobody understands U.S. policy toward the crisis — and it matters.
The Trump administration has sent bewilderingly mixed messages on the crisis. Trump himself issued several strongly pro-Saudi/Emirati statements and tweets which have emboldened the quartet. But the Pentagon made clear that it has no intention of moving its military base from Qatar. Tillerson has focused on mediation and the need to de-escalate the crisis, ostentatiously signing an agreement with Qatar on terrorism financing which seemed to sideline the key demand of the anti-Qatar quartet. Nobody knows who really speaks for the United States, and all are actively working to mobilize their own allies within the Trump administration.
Many expected that Trump’s full-throated embrace of the Saudi-UAE worldview during his visit to Saudi Arabia would signal a return to close partnership between the United States and its traditional Gulf allies. But the resulting chaos and intra-alliance conflict suggests that the problems dividing the United States from its Gulf allies are more structural than personality-driven.
Like the Obama administration, the Trump administration is now experiencing a very similar alliance politics dynamic, as the Gulf regimes continue to pursue their own domestic and regional policy agendas with little deference to Washington’s priorities, such as the campaign against the Islamic State.
The battle over “terrorism” is really about proxy wars and regime security.
The Qatar crisis is an outgrowth of proxy wars that have consumed the region since the 2011 Arab uprisings. In those proxy wars, the Gulf states (much like Iran and Turkey) have routinely supported unsavory local armed proxies of varying ideologies and backgrounds in their pursuit of locally effective allies on the ground. From the very beginning of the Libyan war, Qatar and the UAE channeled money and guns to their preferred armed groups. That has had profoundly destructive effects on Libya’s post-Gaddafi trajectory and is a key reason for the failure to rebuild an effective Libyan state.
The contentious arguments over whether to include the Muslim Brotherhood in the definition of terrorism are similarly rooted in proxy wars and domestic regime security fears. Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE have pushed for years to label the Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist organization, despite an expert consensus that it is not. The real issue is that Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are on the other side in the struggle for regional influence. The polarization between Islamists and their opponents ultimately led to a UAE-Saudi-backed military coup in Egypt, a fate narrowly avoided after Ennahda voluntarily stepped down from power in Tunisia.
The evidence of Qatari involvement in funding and supporting Islamist militant groups in Syria is stronger. But other Gulf states and private networks have been equally irresponsible in their channeling of support to Islamist militant insurgent groups for the past half-decade. Saudi Arabia was heavily involved in the arming of Syrian rebels, while Kuwait was for years the epicenter of Gulf fundraising for Syrian insurgents. The sectarian and hard-line Islamist rhetoric in Qatari media, including Al Jazeera, was little different from the discourse widely circulating in other Gulf media and across its Salafi Islamist networks. In early 2015, Saudi Arabia joined Qatar and Turkey in backing Jaish al-Fatah, a hard-line Islamist militant coalition which included many of the figures and groups currently being condemned. The extremist and sectarian rhetoric which external forces brought to the Syrian insurgency was a problem extending far beyond Qatar.
What have we learned?
The Qatar crisis has proven that conflicts among the “Sunni” states continue to be as intense as their regional struggle with Iran and that regime security concerns continue to drive their policies. Regional powers miscalculate the likely outcome of their policies with impressive frequency, a cautionary note for those hoping for the region to ride out the current turbulence. This makes the mixed messages from the Trump administration especially dangerous at a critical time in the Middle East.
Marc Lynch is a professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, where he is the director of the Project on Middle East Political Science. He is also a non-resident senior fellow at the Carnegie Middle East Program and the co-director of the Blogs and Bullets project at the U.S. Institute of Peace.
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ADBE,20140120,61.37,61.37,61.37,61.37,0
ADEP,20140120,16.52,16.52,16.52,16.52,0
ADES,20140120,25.97,25.97,25.97,25.97,0
ADHD,20140120,21.2,21.2,21.2,21.2,0
ADI,20140120,49.38,49.38,49.38,49.38,0
ADMP,20140120,6.73,6.73,6.73,6.73,0
ADNC,20140120,11.69,11.69,11.69,11.69,0
ADP,20140120,79.9701,79.9701,79.9701,79.9701,0
ADRA,20140120,29.16,29.16,29.16,29.16,0
ADRD,20140120,24.93,24.93,24.93,24.93,0
ADRE,20140120,35.53,35.53,35.53,35.53,0
ADRU,20140120,24.83,24.83,24.83,24.83,0
ADSK,20140120,53.24,53.24,53.24,53.24,0
ADTN,20140120,24.84,24.84,24.84,24.84,0
ADUS,20140120,24.76,24.76,24.76,24.76,0
ADVS,20140120,34.71,34.71,34.71,34.71,0
ADXS,20140120,5.33,5.33,5.33,5.33,0
ADXSW,20140120,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.2,0
AEGN,20140120,22.22,22.22,22.22,22.22,0
AEGR,20140120,62.51,62.51,62.51,62.51,0
AEHR,20140120,2.78,2.78,2.78,2.78,0
AEIS,20140120,26.12,26.12,26.12,26.12,0
AEPI,20140120,49.26,49.26,49.26,49.26,0
AERI,20140120,20.71,20.71,20.71,20.71,0
AETI,20140120,10.99,10.99,10.99,10.99,0
AEY,20140120,3.21,3.21,3.21,3.21,0
AEZS,20140120,1.32,1.32,1.32,1.32,0
AFAM,20140120,31.64,31.64,31.64,31.64,0
AFCB,20140120,19.5,19.5,19.5,19.5,0
AFFX,20140120,9.26,9.26,9.26,9.26,0
AFH,20140120,13.12,13.12,13.12,13.12,0
AFOP,20140120,16.5,16.5,16.5,16.5,0
AFSI,20140120,33.03,33.03,33.03,33.03,0
AGEN,20140120,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.2,0
AGII,20140120,46.52,46.52,46.52,46.52,0
AGIIL,20140120,21.1,21.1,21.1,21.1,0
AGIO,20140120,35.93,35.93,35.93,35.93,0
AGNC,20140120,20.25,20.25,20.25,20.25,0
AGNCP,20140120,25.32,25.32,25.32,25.32,0
AGND,20140120,49.55,49.55,49.55,49.55,0
AGYS,20140120,14.45,14.45,14.45,14.45,0
AGZD,20140120,50.05,50.05,50.05,50.05,0
AHGP,20140120,57.06,57.06,57.06,57.06,0
AHPI,20140120,2.43,2.43,2.43,2.43,0
AIMC,20140120,33.49,33.49,33.49,33.49,0
AINV,20140120,8.94,8.94,8.94,8.94,0
AIQ,20140120,27.36,27.36,27.36,27.36,0
AIRM,20140120,55.27,55.27,55.27,55.27,0
AIRT,20140120,11.56,11.56,11.56,11.56,0
AIXG,20140120,15.45,15.45,15.45,15.45,0
AKAM,20140120,48.58,48.58,48.58,48.58,0
AKRX,20140120,22.61,22.61,22.61,22.61,0
ALCO,20140120,41.22,41.22,41.22,41.22,0
ALGN,20140120,63.95,63.95,63.95,63.95,0
ALGT,20140120,103.13,103.13,103.13,103.13,0
ALIM,20140120,7.88,7.88,7.88,7.88,0
ALKS,20140120,48.23,48.23,48.23,48.23,0
ALLB,20140120,15.06,15.06,15.06,15.06,0
ALLT,20140120,16.44,16.44,16.44,16.44,0
ALNY,20140120,87.36,87.36,87.36,87.36,0
ALOG,20140120,89.92,89.92,89.92,89.92,0
ALOT,20140120,13.93,13.93,13.93,13.93,0
ALSK,20140120,2.38,2.38,2.38,2.38,0
ALTR,20140120,32.4,32.4,32.4,32.4,0
ALXA,20140120,5.23,5.23,5.23,5.23,0
ALXN,20140120,139.71,139.71,139.71,139.71,0
AMAG,20140120,21.57,21.57,21.57,21.57,0
AMAT,20140120,17.55,17.55,17.55,17.55,0
AMBA,20140120,31.9,31.9,31.9,31.9,0
AMBC,20140120,24.26,24.26,24.26,24.26,0
AMBCW,20140120,14.5,14.5,14.5,14.5,0
AMCC,20140120,11.72,11.72,11.72,11.72,0
AMCF,20140120,1.76,1.76,1.76,1.76,0
AMCN,20140120,2.24,2.24,2.24,2.24,0
AMCX,20140120,69.2,69.2,69.2,69.2,0
AMED,20140120,15.64,15.64,15.64,15.64,0
AMGN,20140120,119.15,119.15,119.15,119.15,0
AMIC,20140120,10.35,10.35,10.35,10.35,0
AMKR,20140120,5.93,5.93,5.93,5.93,0
AMNB,20140120,24.2,24.2,24.2,24.2,0
AMOT,20140120,12.26,12.26,12.26,12.26,0
AMOV,20140120,21.73,21.73,21.73,21.73,0
AMRB,20140120,9.79,9.79,9.79,9.79,0
AMRI,20140120,10.88,10.88,10.88,10.88,0
AMRN,20140120,2.27,2.27,2.27,2.27,0
AMRS,20140120,4.78,4.78,4.78,4.78,0
AMSC,20140120,1.73,1.73,1.73,1.73,0
AMSF,20140120,42.58,42.58,42.58,42.58,0
AMSG,20140120,44.87,44.87,44.87,44.87,0
AMSWA,20140120,9.89,9.89,9.89,9.89,0
AMWD,20140120,37.89,37.89,37.89,37.89,0
AMZN,20140120,399.61,399.61,399.61,399.61,0
ANAC,20140120,19.38,19.38,19.38,19.38,0
ANAD,20140120,2.02,2.02,2.02,2.02,0
ANAT,20140120,109.95,109.95,109.95,109.95,0
ANCB,20140120,16.87,16.87,16.87,16.87,0
ANCI,20140120,1.91,1.91,1.91,1.91,0
ANCX,20140120,15.18,15.18,15.18,15.18,0
ANDE,20140120,54.8533,54.8533,54.8533,54.8533,0
ANGI,20140120,15.18,15.18,15.18,15.18,0
ANGO,20140120,16.87,16.87,16.87,16.87,0
ANIK,20140120,37.39,37.39,37.39,37.39,0
ANIP,20140120,23.84,23.84,23.84,23.84,0
ANSS,20140120,84.64,84.64,84.64,84.64,0
ANTH,20140120,3.26,3.26,3.26,3.26,0
AOSL,20140120,7.79,7.79,7.79,7.79,0
APAGF,20140120,15.3,15.3,15.3,15.3,0
APEI,20140120,44.51,44.51,44.51,44.51,0
APOG,20140120,36.87,36.87,36.87,36.87,0
APOL,20140120,33.74,33.74,33.74,33.74,0
APPY,20140120,2.74,2.74,2.74,2.74,0
APRI,20140120,2.18,2.18,2.18,2.18,0
APSA,20140120,22.51,22.51,22.51,22.51,0
APWC,20140120,3.18,3.18,3.18,3.18,0
ARAY,20140120,8.97,8.97,8.97,8.97,0
ARCC,20140120,17.96,17.96,17.96,17.96,0
ARCI,20140120,3.19,3.19,3.19,3.19,0
ARCP,20140120,13.67,13.67,13.67,13.67,0
ARCPP,20140120,21.6,21.6,21.6,21.6,0
ARCW,20140120,10.708,10.708,10.708,10.708,0
AREX,20140120,19.23,19.23,19.23,19.23,0
ARIA,20140120,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,0
ARII,20140120,45.81,45.81,45.81,45.81,0
ARIS,20140120,3.33,3.33,3.33,3.33,0
ARKR,20140120,21.96,21.96,21.96,21.96,0
ARLP,20140120,38.395,38.395,38.395,38.395,0
ARMH,20140120,48.78,48.78,48.78,48.78,0
ARNA,20140120,7.26,7.26,7.26,7.26,0
AROW,20140120,25.21,25.21,25.21,25.21,0
ARQL,20140120,2.52,2.52,2.52,2.52,0
ARRS,20140120,26.49,26.49,26.49,26.49,0
ARRY,20140120,5.53,5.53,5.53,5.53,0
ARTNA,20140120,22.24,22.24,22.24,22.24,0
ARTW,20140120,6.12,6.12,6.12,6.12,0
ARTX,20140120,3.35,3.35,3.35,3.35,0
ARUN,20140120,21.15,21.15,21.15,21.15,0
ARWR,20140120,12.31,12.31,12.31,12.31,0
ASBB,20140120,17.49,17.49,17.49,17.49,0
ASBC,20140120,17.2,17.2,17.2,17.2,0
ASBCW,20140120,2.32,2.32,2.32,2.32,0
ASBI,20140120,13.98,13.98,13.98,13.98,0
ASCMA,20140120,83.82,83.82,83.82,83.82,0
ASEI,20140120,71.87,71.87,71.87,71.87,0
ASFI,20140120,8.25,8.25,8.25,8.25,0
ASMI,20140120,34.85,34.85,34.85,34.85,0
ASML,20140120,84.4,84.4,84.4,84.4,0
ASNA,20140120,19.81,19.81,19.81,19.81,0
ASPS,20140120,150.87,150.87,150.87,150.87,0
ASRV,20140120,3.11,3.11,3.11,3.11,0
ASRVP,20140120,25.75,25.75,25.75,25.75,0
ASTC,20140120,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,0
ASTE,20140120,39.91,39.91,39.91,39.91,0
ASTI,20140120,7.1,7.1,7.1,7.1,0
ASUR,20140120,5.65,5.65,5.65,5.65,0
ASYS,20140120,9.39,9.39,9.39,9.39,0
ATAI,20140120,3.9,3.9,3.9,3.9,0
ATAX,20140120,6.34,6.34,6.34,6.34,0
ATEA,20140120,3.03,3.03,3.03,3.03,0
ATEC,20140120,2.28,2.28,2.28,2.28,0
ATHN,20140120,139.34,139.34,139.34,139.34,0
ATHX,20140120,4.05,4.05,4.05,4.05,0
ATLC,20140120,3.22,3.22,3.22,3.22,0
ATLO,20140120,23.35,23.35,23.35,23.35,0
ATML,20140120,8.65,8.65,8.65,8.65,0
ATNI,20140120,59.23,59.23,59.23,59.23,0
ATNY,20140120,3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,0
ATOS,20140120,2.45,2.45,2.45,2.45,0
ATRC,20140120,21.73,21.73,21.73,21.73,0
ATRI,20140120,279.44,279.44,279.44,279.44,0
ATRM,20140120,7.39,7.39,7.39,7.39,0
ATRO,20140120,64.66,64.66,64.66,64.66,0
ATRS,20140120,4.83,4.83,4.83,4.83,0
ATSG,20140120,7.27,7.27,7.27,7.27,0
ATTU,20140120,10.86,10.86,10.86,10.86,0
ATVI,20140120,16.96,16.96,16.96,16.96,0
AUBN,20140120,25.73,25.73,25.73,25.73,0
AUDC,20140120,7.33,7.33,7.33,7.33,0
AUXL,20140120,24.65,24.65,24.65,24.65,0
AVAV,20140120,29.91,29.91,29.91,29.91,0
AVEO,20140120,2,2,2,2,0
AVGO,20140120,56.14,56.14,56.14,56.14,0
AVHI,20140120,18.63,18.63,18.63,18.63,0
AVID,20140120,7.74,7.74,7.74,7.74,0
AVNR,20140120,3.83,3.83,3.83,3.83,0
AVNW,20140120,2.01,2.01,2.01,2.01,0
AWAY,20140120,41.59,41.59,41.59,41.59,0
AWRE,20140120,6.1,6.1,6.1,6.1,0
AXAS,20140120,3.27,3.27,3.27,3.27,0
AXDX,20140120,13.42,13.42,13.42,13.42,0
AXGN,20140120,4.57,4.57,4.57,4.57,0
AXJS,20140120,55.5,55.5,55.5,55.5,0
AXTI,20140120,2.42,2.42,2.42,2.42,0
AZPN,20140120,42.48,42.48,42.48,42.48,0
BABY,20140120,25.66,25.66,25.66,25.66,0
BAGR,20140120,5.15,5.15,5.15,5.15,0
BAMM,20140120,2.34,2.34,2.34,2.34,0
BANF,20140120,55.67,55.67,55.67,55.67,0
BANFP,20140120,26.75,26.75,26.75,26.75,0
BANR,20140120,43.19,43.19,43.19,43.19,0
BANX,20140120,24.95,24.95,24.95,24.95,0
BASI,20140120,3.14,3.14,3.14,3.14,0
BBBY,20140120,66.05,66.05,66.05,66.05,0
BBCN,20140120,16.03,16.03,16.03,16.03,0
BBEP,20140120,20.13,20.13,20.13,20.13,0
BBGI,20140120,9.17,9.17,9.17,9.17,0
BBNK,20140120,20.06,20.06,20.06,20.06,0
BBOX,20140120,29.54,29.54,29.54,29.54,0
BBRG,20140120,15.72,15.72,15.72,15.72,0
BBRY,20140120,9.08,9.08,9.08,9.08,0
BBSI,20140120,98.17,98.17,98.17,98.17,0
BCBP,20140120,13.54,13.54,13.54,13.54,0
BCOM,20140120,14.72,14.72,14.72,14.72,0
BCOR,20140120,27.4,27.4,27.4,27.4,0
BCOV,20140120,11.72,11.72,11.72,11.72,0
BCPC,20140120,56.78,56.78,56.78,56.78,0
BCRX,20140120,10.8,10.8,10.8,10.8,0
BDBD,20140120,15.1,15.1,15.1,15.1,0
BDE,20140120,13.76,13.76,13.76,13.76,0
BDGE,20140120,24.72,24.72,24.72,24.72,0
BDMS,20140120,17.8,17.8,17.8,17.8,0
BDSI,20140120,6.47,6.47,6.47,6.47,0
BEAT,20140120,7.79,7.79,7.79,7.79,0
BEAV,20140120,83.7,83.7,83.7,83.7,0
BEBE,20140120,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,0
BECN,20140120,40.03,40.03,40.03,40.03,0
BELFA,20140120,18.53,18.53,18.53,18.53,0
BELFB,20140120,21.06,21.06,21.06,21.06,0
BFIN,20140120,9.4,9.4,9.4,9.4,0
BGCP,20140120,6.1,6.1,6.1,6.1,0
BGFV,20140120,19.52,19.52,19.52,19.52,0
BGMD,20140120,1.24,1.24,1.24,1.24,0
BIB,20140120,89.59,89.59,89.59,89.59,0
BICK,20140120,23.95,23.95,23.95,23.95,0
BIDU,20140120,170.14,170.14,170.14,170.14,0
BIIB,20140120,297.48,297.48,297.48,297.48,0
BIND,20140120,13.4,13.4,13.4,13.4,0
BIOD,20140120,3.24,3.24,3.24,3.24,0
BIOL,20140120,3.02,3.02,3.02,3.02,0
BIOS,20140120,7.54,7.54,7.54,7.54,0
BIRT,20140120,7.91,7.91,7.91,7.91,0
BIS,20140120,17.31,17.31,17.31,17.31,0
BJRI,20140120,29,29,29,29,0
BKCC,20140120,9.38,9.38,9.38,9.38,0
BKEP,20140120,8.92,8.92,8.92,8.92,0
BKEPP,20140120,9.36,9.36,9.36,9.36,0
BKMU,20140120,7.08,7.08,7.08,7.08,0
BKSC,20140120,15.5,15.5,15.5,15.5,0
BKYF,20140120,35.16,35.16,35.16,35.16,0
BLDP,20140120,2.33,2.33,2.33,2.33,0
BLDR,20140120,7.75,7.75,7.75,7.75,0
BLIN,20140120,1.19,1.19,1.19,1.19,0
BLKB,20140120,37.27,37.27,37.27,37.27,0
BLMN,20140120,21.94,21.94,21.94,21.94,0
BLMT,20140120,15.39,15.39,15.39,15.39,0
BLRX,20140120,2.99,2.99,2.99,2.99,0
BLUE,20140120,23.7,23.7,23.7,23.7,0
BMRC,20140120,44.32,44.32,44.32,44.32,0
BMRN,20140120,73.45,73.45,73.45,73.45,0
BMTC,20140120,29.8,29.8,29.8,29.8,0
BNCL,20140120,11.25,11.25,11.25,11.25,0
BNCN,20140120,17.14,17.14,17.14,17.14,0
BNDX,20140120,50.06,50.06,50.06,50.06,0
BNFT,20140120,74.33,74.33,74.33,74.33,0
BNSO,20140120,1.46,1.46,1.46,1.46,0
BOBE,20140120,47.21,47.21,47.21,47.21,0
BOCH,20140120,6.39,6.39,6.39,6.39,0
BOFI,20140120,80.22,80.22,80.22,80.22,0
BOKF,20140120,64.96,64.96,64.96,64.96,0
BONA,20140120,6.74,6.74,6.74,6.74,0
BONT,20140120,11.51,11.51,11.51,11.51,0
BOOM,20140120,22.09,22.09,22.09,22.09,0
BOSC,20140120,7.24,7.24,7.24,7.24,0
BOTA,20140120,5.19,5.19,5.19,5.19,0
BOTJ,20140120,9.18,9.18,9.18,9.18,0
BPFH,20140120,13.23,13.23,13.23,13.23,0
BPFHP,20140120,22.86,22.86,22.86,22.86,0
BPFHW,20140120,6.69,6.69,6.69,6.69,0
BPOP,20140120,27.39,27.39,27.39,27.39,0
BPOPM,20140120,18.51,18.51,18.51,18.51,0
BPOPN,20140120,19.95,19.95,19.95,19.95,0
BRCD,20140120,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,0
BRCM,20140120,29,29,29,29,0
BREW,20140120,16.87,16.87,16.87,16.87,0
BRID,20140120,9.65,9.65,9.65,9.65,0
BRKL,20140120,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,0
BRKR,20140120,21.11,21.11,21.11,21.11,0
BRKS,20140120,10.45,10.45,10.45,10.45,0
BRLI,20140120,25.08,25.08,25.08,25.08,0
BSDM,20140120,1.24,1.24,1.24,1.24,0
BSET,20140120,14.33,14.33,14.33,14.33,0
BSFT,20140120,28.2,28.2,28.2,28.2,0
BSPM,20140120,2.48,2.48,2.48,2.48,0
BSQR,20140120,3.51,3.51,3.51,3.51,0
BSRR,20140120,16.2,16.2,16.2,16.2,0
BSTC,20140120,24.35,24.35,24.35,24.35,0
BTUI,20140120,2.91,2.91,2.91,2.91,0
BUR,20140120,3.47,3.47,3.47,3.47,0
BUSE,20140120,5.79,5.79,5.79,5.79,0
BV,20140120,7.81,7.81,7.81,7.81,0
BVA,20140120,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,0
BVSN,20140120,11.4,11.4,11.4,11.4,0
BWEN,20140120,10.31,10.31,10.31,10.31,0
BWINA,20140120,24,24,24,24,0
BWINB,20140120,26.15,26.15,26.15,26.15,0
BWLD,20140120,141.47,141.47,141.47,141.47,0
BYBK,20140120,4.98,4.98,4.98,4.98,0
BYFC,20140120,1.14,1.14,1.14,1.14,0
BYLK,20140120,11.75,11.75,11.75,11.75,0
CA,20140120,34.43,34.43,34.43,34.43,0
CAAS,20140120,8.26,8.26,8.26,8.26,0
CAC,20140120,39.24,39.24,39.24,39.24,0
CACB,20140120,4.85,4.85,4.85,4.85,0
CACC,20140120,139.12,139.12,139.12,139.12,0
CACG,20140120,9.75,9.75,9.75,9.75,0
CACGU,20140120,10.58,10.58,10.58,10.58,0
CACH,20140120,5.16,5.16,5.16,5.16,0
CACQ,20140120,13.54,13.54,13.54,13.54,0
CADC,20140120,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.5,0
CAKE,20140120,45.15,45.15,45.15,45.15,0
CALD,20140120,14.18,14.18,14.18,14.18,0
CALI,20140120,4.15,4.15,4.15,4.15,0
CALL,20140120,13.59,13.59,13.59,13.59,0
CALM,20140120,26.565,26.565,26.565,26.565,0
CAMBU,20140120,10.01,10.01,10.01,10.01,0
CAMP,20140120,31.24,31.24,31.24,31.24,0
CAMT,20140120,4.89,4.89,4.89,4.89,0
CAR,20140120,40.96,40.96,40.96,40.96,0
CARB,20140120,12.57,12.57,12.57,12.57,0
CART,20140120,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,0
CARV,20140120,7.4,7.4,7.4,7.4,0
CARZ,20140120,39.91,39.91,39.91,39.91,0
CASH,20140120,41.31,41.31,41.31,41.31,0
CASM,20140120,2.03,2.03,2.03,2.03,0
CASS,20140120,65.11,65.11,65.11,65.11,0
CASY,20140120,68.46,68.46,68.46,68.46,0
CATM,20140120,40.35,40.35,40.35,40.35,0
CATY,20140120,25.48,25.48,25.48,25.48,0
CATYW,20140120,8.11,8.11,8.11,8.11,0
CAVM,20140120,35.69,35.69,35.69,35.69,0
CBAK,20140120,2.21,2.21,2.21,2.21,0
CBAN,20140120,6.18,6.18,6.18,6.18,0
CBF,20140120,22.55,22.55,22.55,22.55,0
CBIN,20140120,20.05,20.05,20.05,20.05,0
CBLI,20140120,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.15,0
CBMX,20140120,2.72,2.72,2.72,2.72,0
CBNJ,20140120,10.49,10.49,10.49,10.49,0
CBNK,20140120,17.29,17.29,17.29,17.29,0
CBOE,20140120,49.88,49.88,49.88,49.88,0
CBPO,20140120,28.64,28.64,28.64,28.64,0
CBRL,20140120,103.21,103.21,103.21,103.21,0
CBRX,20140120,7.08,7.08,7.08,7.08,0
CBSH,20140120,45.35,45.35,45.35,45.35,0
CBST,20140120,74.56,74.56,74.56,74.56,0
CBSTZ,20140120,1.11,1.11,1.11,1.11,0
CCBG,20140120,12.75,12.75,12.75,12.75,0
CCCL,20140120,2.53,2.53,2.53,2.53,0
CCIH,20140120,13.51,13.51,13.51,13.51,0
CCMP,20140120,47.27,47.27,47.27,47.27,0
CCNE,20140120,17.33,17.33,17.33,17.33,0
CCOI,20140120,42,42,42,42,0
CCRN,20140120,10.56,10.56,10.56,10.56,0
CCUR,20140120,7.98,7.98,7.98,7.98,0
CCXI,20140120,7.14,7.14,7.14,7.14,0
CDNS,20140120,14.47,14.47,14.47,14.47,0
CDTI,20140120,2.72,2.72,2.72,2.72,0
CDW,20140120,24.44,24.44,24.44,24.44,0
CDXS,20140120,1.73,1.73,1.73,1.73,0
CDZI,20140120,7.55,7.55,7.55,7.55,0
CECE,20140120,16.4,16.4,16.4,16.4,0
CECO,20140120,6.72,6.72,6.72,6.72,0
CELG,20140120,83.52,83.52,83.52,83.52,0
CELGZ,20140120,3.35,3.35,3.35,3.35,0
CEMI,20140120,3.64,3.64,3.64,3.64,0
CEMP,20140120,14.66,14.66,14.66,14.66,0
CENT,20140120,6.58,6.58,6.58,6.58,0
CENTA,20140120,6.43,6.43,6.43,6.43,0
CENX,20140120,11.12,11.12,11.12,11.12,0
CERE,20140120,1.56,1.56,1.56,1.56,0
CERN,20140120,55.74,55.74,55.74,55.74,0
CERS,20140120,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,0
CETV,20140120,3.24,3.24,3.24,3.24,0
CEVA,20140120,16.43,16.43,16.43,16.43,0
CFBK,20140120,1.36,1.36,1.36,1.36,0
CFFI,20140120,42.12,42.12,42.12,42.12,0
CFFN,20140120,12.05,12.05,12.05,12.05,0
CFNB,20140120,14.82,14.82,14.82,14.82,0
CFNL,20140120,18.32,18.32,18.32,18.32,0
CG,20140120,35.83,35.83,35.83,35.83,0
CGEN,20140120,11.18,11.18,11.18,11.18,0
CGIX,20140120,15.89,15.89,15.89,15.89,0
CGNX,20140120,37.85,37.85,37.85,37.85,0
CGO,20140120,14.3,14.3,14.3,14.3,0
CHCI,20140120,1.79,1.79,1.79,1.79,0
CHCO,20140120,45.76,45.76,45.76,45.76,0
CHDN,20140120,94.54,94.54,94.54,94.54,0
CHEF,20140120,28.06,28.06,28.06,28.06,0
CHEV,20140120,10.33,10.33,10.33,10.33,0
CHFC,20140120,30.99,30.99,30.99,30.99,0
CHFN,20140120,10.79,10.79,10.79,10.79,0
CHI,20140120,13.51,13.51,13.51,13.51,0
CHKE,20140120,14.1,14.1,14.1,14.1,0
CHKP,20140120,64.51,64.51,64.51,64.51,0
CHLN,20140120,2.21,2.21,2.21,2.21,0
CHMG,20140120,34.5,34.5,34.5,34.5,0
CHNR,20140120,7.41,7.41,7.41,7.41,0
CHOP,20140120,1.17,1.17,1.17,1.17,0
CHRW,20140120,59.13,59.13,59.13,59.13,0
CHSCO,20140120,28.5,28.5,28.5,28.5,0
CHSCP,20140120,29.08,29.08,29.08,29.08,0
CHTR,20140120,134.29,134.29,134.29,134.29,0
CHUY,20140120,39.36,39.36,39.36,39.36,0
CHW,20140120,9,9,9,9,0
CHXF,20140120,50.18,50.18,50.18,50.18,0
CHY,20140120,13.16,13.16,13.16,13.16,0
CHYR,20140120,2.79,2.79,2.79,2.79,0
CIDM,20140120,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,0
CIFC,20140120,7.8,7.8,7.8,7.8,0
CIMT,20140120,10.17,10.17,10.17,10.17,0
CINF,20140120,50.52,50.52,50.52,50.52,0
CISG,20140120,6.17,6.17,6.17,6.17,0
CIZN,20140120,18.86,18.86,18.86,18.86,0
CJJD,20140120,1.49,1.49,1.49,1.49,0
CKEC,20140120,26.35,26.35,26.35,26.35,0
CKSW,20140120,9.1,9.1,9.1,9.1,0
CLAC,20140120,9.7,9.7,9.7,9.7,0
CLACU,20140120,10.38,10.38,10.38,10.38,0
CLBH,20140120,10.38,10.38,10.38,10.38,0
CLCT,20140120,18.19,18.19,18.19,18.19,0
CLDX,20140120,28.32,28.32,28.32,28.32,0
CLFD,20140120,18.49,18.49,18.49,18.49,0
CLIR,20140120,11.03,11.03,11.03,11.03,0
CLMS,20140120,11.69,11.69,11.69,11.69,0
CLMT,20140120,29.33,29.33,29.33,29.33,0
CLNE,20140120,12.02,12.02,12.02,12.02,0
CLNT,20140120,5.6,5.6,5.6,5.6,0
CLRO,20140120,9.31,9.31,9.31,9.31,0
CLRX,20140120,3.91,3.91,3.91,3.91,0
CLSN,20140120,3.96,3.96,3.96,3.96,0
CLUB,20140120,11.43,11.43,11.43,11.43,0
CLVS,20140120,72.9,72.9,72.9,72.9,0
CLWT,20140120,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,0
CMCO,20140120,26.09,26.09,26.09,26.09,0
CMCSA,20140120,53.54,53.54,53.54,53.54,0
CMCSK,20140120,51.65,51.65,51.65,51.65,0
CME,20140120,75.49,75.49,75.49,75.49,0
CMGE,20140120,32.8,32.8,32.8,32.8,0
CMLS,20140120,7.48,7.48,7.48,7.48,0
CMRX,20140120,19.23,19.23,19.23,19.23,0
CMSB,20140120,9.4,9.4,9.4,9.4,0
CMTL,20140120,31.8,31.8,31.8,31.8,0
CNAT,20140120,10.39,10.39,10.39,10.39,0
CNBKA,20140120,33.97,33.97,33.97,33.97,0
CNDO,20140120,2.89,2.89,2.89,2.89,0
CNET,20140120,0.78,0.78,0.78,0.78,0
CNIT,20140120,6.04,6.04,6.04,6.04,0
CNMD,20140120,43.52,43.52,43.52,43.52,0
CNOB,20140120,17.54,17.54,17.54,17.54,0
CNSI,20140120,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,0
CNSL,20140120,19.71,19.71,19.71,19.71,0
CNTF,20140120,1.96,1.96,1.96,1.96,0
CNTY,20140120,5.62,5.62,5.62,5.62,0
CNYD,20140120,5.8,5.8,5.8,5.8,0
COB,20140120,11.41,11.41,11.41,11.41,0
COBK,20140120,12.6,12.6,12.6,12.6,0
COBZ,20140120,11.85,11.85,11.85,11.85,0
COCO,20140120,1.68,1.68,1.68,1.68,0
COHR,20140120,74.21,74.21,74.21,74.21,0
COHU,20140120,10.36,10.36,10.36,10.36,0
COKE,20140120,72.3,72.3,72.3,72.3,0
COLB,20140120,27.39,27.39,27.39,27.39,0
COLM,20140120,37.69,37.69,37.69,37.69,0
COMM,20140120,18.3,18.3,18.3,18.3,0
CONE,20140120,21.8,21.8,21.8,21.8,0
CONN,20140120,67.35,67.35,67.35,67.35,0
COOL,20140120,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,0
CORE,20140120,39.115,39.115,39.115,39.115,0
CORT,20140120,3.19,3.19,3.19,3.19,0
COSI,20140120,1.51,1.51,1.51,1.51,0
COST,20140120,116.29,116.29,116.29,116.29,0
COVS,20140120,12.51,12.51,12.51,12.51,0
COWN,20140120,4.03,4.03,4.03,4.03,0
CPAH,20140120,1.22,1.22,1.22,1.22,0
CPGI,20140120,1.1,1.1,1.1,1.1,0
CPHC,20140120,10.8,10.8,10.8,10.8,0
CPHD,20140120,48.33,48.33,48.33,48.33,0
CPIX,20140120,4.95,4.95,4.95,4.95,0
CPLA,20140120,71.26,71.26,71.26,71.26,0
CPLP,20140120,10.12,10.12,10.12,10.12,0
CPRT,20140120,35.74,35.74,35.74,35.74,0
CPRX,20140120,2.03,2.03,2.03,2.03,0
CPSI,20140120,62.35,62.35,62.35,62.35,0
CPSS,20140120,9.15,9.15,9.15,9.15,0
CPST,20140120,1.73,1.73,1.73,1.73,0
CPTA,20140120,20.01,20.01,20.01,20.01,0
CPWR,20140120,10.73,10.73,10.73,10.73,0
CPXX,20140120,3.72,3.72,3.72,3.72,0
CRAI,20140120,20.76,20.76,20.76,20.76,0
CRAY,20140120,30.2,30.2,30.2,30.2,0
CRDC,20140120,1.19,1.19,1.19,1.19,0
CRDS,20140120,2.87,2.87,2.87,2.87,0
CREE,20140120,62.5,62.5,62.5,62.5,0
CREG,20140120,2.76,2.76,2.76,2.76,0
CRESW,20140120,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0
CRESY,20140120,9.9,9.9,9.9,9.9,0
CRIS,20140120,3.08,3.08,3.08,3.08,0
CRME,20140120,6.92,6.92,6.92,6.92,0
CRMT,20140120,42.41,42.41,42.41,42.41,0
CRNT,20140120,3.64,3.64,3.64,3.64,0
CROX,20140120,15.01,15.01,15.01,15.01,0
CRRC,20140120,17.58,17.58,17.58,17.58,0
CRRS,20140120,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,0
CRTO,20140120,36.5,36.5,36.5,36.5,0
CRUS,20140120,19.83,19.83,19.83,19.83,0
CRVL,20140120,48.13,48.13,48.13,48.13,0
CRWN,20140120,3.09,3.09,3.09,3.09,0
CRWS,20140120,7.76,7.76,7.76,7.76,0
CRZO,20140120,43.75,43.75,43.75,43.75,0
CSBK,20140120,12.91,12.91,12.91,12.91,0
CSCD,20140120,11.25,11.25,11.25,11.25,0
CSCO,20140120,22.74,22.74,22.74,22.74,0
CSFL,20140120,10.08,10.08,10.08,10.08,0
CSGP,20140120,178.82,178.82,178.82,178.82,0
CSGS,20140120,31.07,31.07,31.07,31.07,0
CSII,20140120,29.71,29.71,29.71,29.71,0
CSIQ,20140120,41.75,41.75,41.75,41.75,0
CSOD,20140120,56.22,56.22,56.22,56.22,0
CSPI,20140120,8.34,8.34,8.34,8.34,0
CSQ,20140120,11.09,11.09,11.09,11.09,0
CSRE,20140120,46.32,46.32,46.32,46.32,0
CSTE,20140120,46.39,46.39,46.39,46.39,0
CSUN,20140120,6.69,6.69,6.69,6.69,0
CSWC,20140120,33.52,33.52,33.52,33.52,0
CTAS,20140120,59.13,59.13,59.13,59.13,0
CTBI,20140120,42.33,42.33,42.33,42.33,0
CTCM,20140120,12.86,12.86,12.86,12.86,0
CTCT,20140120,32.43,32.43,32.43,32.43,0
CTG,20140120,18.12,18.12,18.12,18.12,0
CTHR,20140120,4.56,4.56,4.56,4.56,0
CTIB,20140120,5.85,5.85,5.85,5.85,0
CTIC,20140120,3.64,3.64,3.64,3.64,0
CTRL,20140120,27.79,27.79,27.79,27.79,0
CTRN,20140120,16.78,16.78,16.78,16.78,0
CTRP,20140120,40.57,40.57,40.57,40.57,0
CTRX,20140120,49.39,49.39,49.39,49.39,0
CTSH,20140120,49.67,49.67,49.67,49.67,0
CTWS,20140120,34.79,34.79,34.79,34.79,0
CTXS,20140120,60.44,60.44,60.44,60.44,0
CU,20140120,22.55,22.55,22.55,22.55,0
CUBA,20140120,8.29,8.29,8.29,8.29,0
CUBI,20140120,19.79,19.79,19.79,19.79,0
CUBIL,20140120,25.74,25.74,25.74,25.74,0
CUI,20140120,8.94,8.94,8.94,8.94,0
CUNB,20140120,17.51,17.51,17.51,17.51,0
CUTR,20140120,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,0
CVBF,20140120,16.6,16.6,16.6,16.6,0
CVCO,20140120,73.41,73.41,73.41,73.41,0
CVCY,20140120,11.53,11.53,11.53,11.53,0
CVGI,20140120,7.58,7.58,7.58,7.58,0
CVGW,20140120,31.61,31.61,31.61,31.61,0
CVLT,20140120,74.97,74.97,74.97,74.97,0
CVLY,20140120,21.88,21.88,21.88,21.88,0
CVTI,20140120,8.97,8.97,8.97,8.97,0
CVV,20140120,14.23,14.23,14.23,14.23,0
CWAY,20140120,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,0
CWBC,20140120,7.25,7.25,7.25,7.25,0
CWCO,20140120,13.76,13.76,13.76,13.76,0
CWST,20140120,5.28,5.28,5.28,5.28,0
CXDC,20140120,5.01,5.01,5.01,5.01,0
CY,20140120,10.1,10.1,10.1,10.1,0
CYAN,20140120,4.92,4.92,4.92,4.92,0
CYBE,20140120,7.88,7.88,7.88,7.88,0
CYBX,20140120,68.77,68.77,68.77,68.77,0
CYCC,20140120,4.01,4.01,4.01,4.01,0
CYCCP,20140120,8.65,8.65,8.65,8.65,0
CYNO,20140120,26.7,26.7,26.7,26.7,0
CYOU,20140120,30.5,30.5,30.5,30.5,0
CYTK,20140120,9.11,9.11,9.11,9.11,0
CYTR,20140120,7.04,7.04,7.04,7.04,0
CYTX,20140120,3.05,3.05,3.05,3.05,0
CZFC,20140120,10.1,10.1,10.1,10.1,0
CZNC,20140120,20.01,20.01,20.01,20.01,0
CZR,20140120,22.57,22.57,22.57,22.57,0
CZWI,20140120,7.59,7.59,7.59,7.59,0
DAEG,20140120,1.14,1.14,1.14,1.14,0
DAIO,20140120,2.8,2.8,2.8,2.8,0
DAKT,20140120,14.74,14.74,14.74,14.74,0
DARA,20140120,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.6,0
DATE,20140120,7.41,7.41,7.41,7.41,0
DAVE,20140120,19.7,19.7,19.7,19.7,0
DCIX,20140120,4.09,4.09,4.09,4.09,0
DCOM,20140120,16.89,16.89,16.89,16.89,0
DCTH,20140120,5.76,5.76,5.76,5.76,0
DENN,20140120,7.12,7.12,7.12,7.12,0
DEPO,20140120,12.19,12.19,12.19,12.19,0
DEST,20140120,28.88,28.88,28.88,28.88,0
DFRG,20140120,22.38,22.38,22.38,22.38,0
DGAS,20140120,21.06,21.06,21.06,21.06,0
DGICA,20140120,15.47,15.47,15.47,15.47,0
DGICB,20140120,24.83,24.83,24.83,24.83,0
DGII,20140120,12.37,12.37,12.37,12.37,0
DGLD,20140120,73.4,73.4,73.4,73.4,0
DGLY,20140120,9.28,9.28,9.28,9.28,0
DGRE,20140120,24.06,24.06,24.06,24.06,0
DGRS,20140120,28.18,28.18,28.18,28.18,0
DGRW,20140120,27.49,27.49,27.49,27.49,0
DHIL,20140120,124.17,124.17,124.17,124.17,0
DHRM,20140120,5.03,5.03,5.03,5.03,0
DIOD,20140120,24,24,24,24,0
DISCA,20140120,80.91,80.91,80.91,80.91,0
DISCB,20140120,81.53,81.53,81.53,81.53,0
DISCK,20140120,37.265,37.265,37.265,37.265,0
DISH,20140120,54.85,54.85,54.85,54.85,0
DJCO,20140120,160.5,160.5,160.5,160.5,0
DLHC,20140120,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,0
DLIA,20140120,0.83,0.83,0.83,0.83,0
DLNG,20140120,22,22,22,22,0
DLTR,20140120,54.32,54.32,54.32,54.32,0
DMLP,20140120,25.4,25.4,25.4,25.4,0
DMND,20140120,25.17,25.17,25.17,25.17,0
DMRC,20140120,27.13,27.13,27.13,27.13,0
DNBF,20140120,20.25,20.25,20.25,20.25,0
DNKN,20140120,46.9,46.9,46.9,46.9,0
DORM,20140120,49.18,49.18,49.18,49.18,0
DOVR,20140120,5.45,5.45,5.45,5.45,0
DOX,20140120,41.95,41.95,41.95,41.95,0
DRAD,20140120,3.71,3.71,3.71,3.71,0
DRAM,20140120,2.93,2.93,2.93,2.93,0
DRIV,20140120,18.38,18.38,18.38,18.38,0
DRRX,20140120,2.06,2.06,2.06,2.06,0
DRWI,20140120,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.7,0
DRYS,20140120,3.82,3.82,3.82,3.82,0
DSCI,20140120,11.98,11.98,11.98,11.98,0
DSCO,20140120,2.52,2.52,2.52,2.52,0
DSGX,20140120,13.06,13.06,13.06,13.06,0
DSKX,20140120,2.33,2.33,2.33,2.33,0
DSLV,20140120,46.45,46.45,46.45,46.45,0
DSPG,20140120,9.92,9.92,9.92,9.92,0
DSWL,20140120,2.41,2.41,2.41,2.41,0
DTLK,20140120,14.6,14.6,14.6,14.6,0
DTSI,20140120,22.64,22.64,22.64,22.64,0
DTV,20140120,71.65,71.65,71.65,71.65,0
DVAX,20140120,2.07,2.07,2.07,2.07,0
DVCR,20140120,5.12,5.12,5.12,5.12,0
DWA,20140120,34.51,34.51,34.51,34.51,0
DWCH,20140120,32.1,32.1,32.1,32.1,0
DWSN,20140120,33.56,33.56,33.56,33.56,0
DXCM,20140120,37.36,37.36,37.36,37.36,0
DXGE,20140120,27.18,27.18,27.18,27.18,0
DXJS,20140120,30.71,30.71,30.71,30.71,0
DXKW,20140120,23.04,23.04,23.04,23.04,0
DXLG,20140120,5.56,5.56,5.56,5.56,0
DXM,20140120,6.04,6.04,6.04,6.04,0
DXPE,20140120,105.91,105.91,105.91,105.91,0
DXPS,20140120,26.93,26.93,26.93,26.93,0
DXYN,20140120,14.08,14.08,14.08,14.08,0
DYAX,20140120,9.42,9.42,9.42,9.42,0
DYNT,20140120,4.24,4.24,4.24,4.24,0
DYSL,20140120,1.19,1.19,1.19,1.19,0
EA,20140120,24.1,24.1,24.1,24.1,0
EAC,20140120,20.1,20.1,20.1,20.1,0
EBAY,20140120,53.2,53.2,53.2,53.2,0
EBIX,20140120,13.77,13.77,13.77,13.77,0
EBMT,20140120,10.98,10.98,10.98,10.98,0
EBSB,20140120,23.45,23.45,23.45,23.45,0
EBTC,20140120,20.43,20.43,20.43,20.43,0
ECHO,20140120,21.25,21.25,21.25,21.25,0
ECOL,20140120,37.07,37.07,37.07,37.07,0
ECPG,20140120,48.51,48.51,48.51,48.51,0
ECTE,20140120,3.73,3.73,3.73,3.73,0
ECYT,20140120,13.26,13.26,13.26,13.26,0
EDAP,20140120,3.34,3.34,3.34,3.34,0
EDGW,20140120,6.05,6.05,6.05,6.05,0
EDS,20140120,1.69,1.69,1.69,1.69,0
EDUC,20140120,3.78,3.78,3.78,3.78,0
EEFT,20140120,47.11,47.11,47.11,47.11,0
EEI,20140120,11.07,11.07,11.07,11.07,0
EEMA,20140120,54.33,54.33,54.33,54.33,0
EEME,20140120,50.4,50.4,50.4,50.4,0
EEML,20140120,40.89,40.89,40.89,40.89,0
EFII,20140120,39.11,39.11,39.11,39.11,0
EFSC,20140120,19.2,19.2,19.2,19.2,0
EFUT,20140120,5.24,5.24,5.24,5.24,0
EGAN,20140120,10.2,10.2,10.2,10.2,0
EGBN,20140120,30.38,30.38,30.38,30.38,0
EGHT,20140120,11.28,11.28,11.28,11.28,0
EGLE,20140120,81.18,81.18,81.18,81.18,0
EGOV,20140120,23.62,23.62,23.62,23.62,0
EGRW,20140120,53.68,53.68,53.68,53.68,0
EGT,20140120,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,0
EHTH,20140120,61.66,61.66,61.66,61.66,0
EIGI,20140120,12.94,12.94,12.94,12.94,0
ELGX,20140120,16.68,16.68,16.68,16.68,0
ELNK,20140120,4.83,4.83,4.83,4.83,0
ELON,20140120,2.9,2.9,2.9,2.9,0
ELOS,20140120,12.64,12.64,12.64,12.64,0
ELRC,20140120,17.83,17.83,17.83,17.83,0
ELSE,20140120,4.09,4.09,4.09,4.09,0
ELTK,20140120,2.51,2.51,2.51,2.51,0
EMCB,20140120,75.01,75.01,75.01,75.01,0
EMCF,20140120,25.6,25.6,25.6,25.6,0
EMCG,20140120,23.73,23.73,23.73,23.73,0
EMCI,20140120,30.29,30.29,30.29,30.29,0
EMDI,20140120,53.27,53.27,53.27,53.27,0
EMEY,20140120,35.28,35.28,35.28,35.28,0
EMIF,20140120,33.18,33.18,33.18,33.18,0
EMITF,20140120,21.2,21.2,21.2,21.2,0
EMKR,20140120,4.77,4.77,4.77,4.77,0
EML,20140120,16.59,16.59,16.59,16.59,0
EMMS,20140120,3.13,3.13,3.13,3.13,0
EMMSP,20140120,15.25,15.25,15.25,15.25,0
ENDP,20140120,70.03,70.03,70.03,70.03,0
ENG,20140120,1.54,1.54,1.54,1.54,0
ENOC,20140120,21.86,21.86,21.86,21.86,0
ENPH,20140120,8.13,8.13,8.13,8.13,0
ENSG,20140120,44.38,44.38,44.38,44.38,0
ENT,20140120,17.09,17.09,17.09,17.09,0
ENTA,20140120,33.41,33.41,33.41,33.41,0
ENTG,20140120,11.12,11.12,11.12,11.12,0
ENTR,20140120,4.39,4.39,4.39,4.39,0
ENVI,20140120,3.64,3.64,3.64,3.64,0
ENZN,20140120,1.12,1.12,1.12,1.12,0
ENZY,20140120,29.1,29.1,29.1,29.1,0
EOPN,20140120,23.94,23.94,23.94,23.94,0
EPAX,20140120,4.8,4.8,4.8,4.8,0
EPAY,20140120,34.91,34.91,34.91,34.91,0
EPIQ,20140120,15.82,15.82,15.82,15.82,0
EPZM,20140120,37.59,37.59,37.59,37.59,0
EQIX,20140120,175.87,175.87,175.87,175.87,0
ERIC,20140120,12.06,12.06,12.06,12.06,0
ERIE,20140120,72.37,72.37,72.37,72.37,0
ERII,20140120,4.98,4.98,4.98,4.98,0
EROC,20140120,5.93,5.93,5.93,5.93,0
ERS,20140120,4.33,4.33,4.33,4.33,0
ERW,20140120,53.26,53.26,53.26,53.26,0
ESBF,20140120,13.48,13.48,13.48,13.48,0
ESBK,20140120,25.71,25.71,25.71,25.71,0
ESCA,20140120,11.52,11.52,11.52,11.52,0
ESEA,20140120,1.36,1.36,1.36,1.36,0
ESGR,20140120,133.1,133.1,133.1,133.1,0
ESIO,20140120,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,0
ESLT,20140120,61.16,61.16,61.16,61.16,0
ESMC,20140120,2.1,2.1,2.1,2.1,0
ESPR,20140120,16,16,16,16,0
ESRX,20140120,73.62,73.62,73.62,73.62,0
ESSA,20140120,11.47,11.47,11.47,11.47,0
ESSX,20140120,3.31,3.31,3.31,3.31,0
ESXB,20140120,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,0
ESYS,20140120,15.12,15.12,15.12,15.12,0
ETFC,20140120,21.02,21.02,21.02,21.02,0
ETRM,20140120,2.48,2.48,2.48,2.48,0
EUFN,20140120,25.63,25.63,25.63,25.63,0
EVAL,20140120,44.77,44.77,44.77,44.77,0
EVBS,20140120,6.85,6.85,6.85,6.85,0
EVEP,20140120,33.89,33.89,33.89,33.89,0
EVOK,20140120,9.99,9.99,9.99,9.99,0
EVOL,20140120,11.11,11.11,11.11,11.11,0
EVRY,20140120,8.37,8.37,8.37,8.37,0
EWBC,20140120,34.82,34.82,34.82,34.82,0
EXA,20140120,13.77,13.77,13.77,13.77,0
EXAC,20140120,23.5,23.5,23.5,23.5,0
EXAS,20140120,14.31,14.31,14.31,14.31,0
EXEL,20140120,8.08,8.08,8.08,8.08,0
EXFO,20140120,4.34,4.34,4.34,4.34,0
EXLP,20140120,28.64,28.64,28.64,28.64,0
EXLS,20140120,27.23,27.23,27.23,27.23,0
EXPD,20140120,43.77,43.77,43.77,43.77,0
EXPE,20140120,70.69,70.69,70.69,70.69,0
EXPO,20140120,75.09,75.09,75.09,75.09,0
EXTR,20140120,7.48,7.48,7.48,7.48,0
EXXI,20140120,23.58,23.58,23.58,23.58,0
EZCH,20140120,26.36,26.36,26.36,26.36,0
EZPW,20140120,10.4,10.4,10.4,10.4,0
FALC,20140120,1.69,1.69,1.69,1.69,0
FANG,20140120,48.51,48.51,48.51,48.51,0
FARM,20140120,22.89,22.89,22.89,22.89,0
FARO,20140120,55.01,55.01,55.01,55.01,0
FAST,20140120,47.61,47.61,47.61,47.61,0
FATE,20140120,7.16,7.16,7.16,7.16,0
FB,20140120,56.3,56.3,56.3,56.3,0
FBIZ,20140120,38,38,38,38,0
FBMS,20140120,14.65,14.65,14.65,14.65,0
FBNC,20140120,16.72,16.72,16.72,16.72,0
FBNK,20140120,15.49,15.49,15.49,15.49,0
FBRC,20140120,26.07,26.07,26.07,26.07,0
FBSS,20140120,14.4,14.4,14.4,14.4,0
FCAP,20140120,20.5,20.5,20.5,20.5,0
FCBC,20140120,16.63,16.63,16.63,16.63,0
FCCO,20140120,10.63,10.63,10.63,10.63,0
FCCY,20140120,10.93,10.93,10.93,10.93,0
FCEL,20140120,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.4,0
FCFS,20140120,58.04,58.04,58.04,58.04,0
FCHI,20140120,46.64,46.64,46.64,46.64,0
FCLF,20140120,9.16,9.16,9.16,9.16,0
FCNCA,20140120,221.44,221.44,221.44,221.44,0
FCS,20140120,13.57,13.57,13.57,13.57,0
FCTY,20140120,7.29,7.29,7.29,7.29,0
FCVA,20140120,4.64,4.64,4.64,4.64,0
FCZA,20140120,7.25,7.25,7.25,7.25,0
FCZAP,20140120,28.5,28.5,28.5,28.5,0
FDEF,20140120,25.3,25.3,25.3,25.3,0
FDML,20140120,19.72,19.72,19.72,19.72,0
FDUS,20140120,21.18,21.18,21.18,21.18,0
FEIC,20140120,98.06,98.06,98.06,98.06,0
FEIM,20140120,12.38,12.38,12.38,12.38,0
FELE,20140120,43.31,43.31,43.31,43.31,0
FES,20140120,3.22,3.22,3.22,3.22,0
FEYE,20140120,73.57,73.57,73.57,73.57,0
FFBC,20140120,17.41,17.41,17.41,17.41,0
FFBCW,20140120,6.45,6.45,6.45,6.45,0
FFHL,20140120,1.26,1.26,1.26,1.26,0
FFIC,20140120,20.13,20.13,20.13,20.13,0
FFIN,20140120,32.32,32.32,32.32,32.32,0
FFIV,20140120,96.92,96.92,96.92,96.92,0
FFKT,20140120,21.27,21.27,21.27,21.27,0
FFKY,20140120,4.86,4.86,4.86,4.86,0
FFNM,20140120,5.03,5.03,5.03,5.03,0
FFNW,20140120,10.76,10.76,10.76,10.76,0
FHCO,20140120,8.03,8.03,8.03,8.03,0
FIBK,20140120,26.81,26.81,26.81,26.81,0
FINL,20140120,26.7,26.7,26.7,26.7,0
FISH,20140120,16.95,16.95,16.95,16.95,0
FISI,20140120,22.37,22.37,22.37,22.37,0
FISV,20140120,57.25,57.25,57.25,57.25,0
FITB,20140120,21.55,21.55,21.55,21.55,0
FITBI,20140120,25.42,25.42,25.42,25.42,0
FIVE,20140120,38.04,38.04,38.04,38.04,0
FIZZ,20140120,21.35,21.35,21.35,21.35,0
FLDM,20140120,42.49,42.49,42.49,42.49,0
FLEX,20140120,7.72,7.72,7.72,7.72,0
FLIC,20140120,27.5867,27.5867,27.5867,27.5867,0
FLIR,20140120,33.44,33.44,33.44,33.44,0
FLL,20140120,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,0
FLML,20140120,10.67,10.67,10.67,10.67,0
FLWS,20140120,5.11,5.11,5.11,5.11,0
FLXS,20140120,28.05,28.05,28.05,28.05,0
FMBI,20140120,17.17,17.17,17.17,17.17,0
FMER,20140120,22.56,22.56,22.56,22.56,0
FMI,20140120,30.44,30.44,30.44,30.44,0
FMNB,20140120,6.79,6.79,6.79,6.79,0
FNFG,20140120,10.45,10.45,10.45,10.45,0
FNGN,20140120,67.51,67.51,67.51,67.51,0
FNHC,20140120,13.46,13.46,13.46,13.46,0
FNLC,20140120,17.13,17.13,17.13,17.13,0
FNRG,20140120,6.01,6.01,6.01,6.01,0
FNSR,20140120,23.36,23.36,23.36,23.36,0
FOLD,20140120,2.72,2.72,2.72,2.72,0
FONE,20140120,33.52,33.52,33.52,33.52,0
FONR,20140120,21.3,21.3,21.3,21.3,0
FORD,20140120,1.74,1.74,1.74,1.74,0
FORM,20140120,6.54,6.54,6.54,6.54,0
FORR,20140120,38.06,38.06,38.06,38.06,0
FORTY,20140120,27,27,27,27,0
FOSL,20140120,115.09,115.09,115.09,115.09,0
FOX,20140120,31.46,31.46,31.46,31.46,0
FOXA,20140120,32.04,32.04,32.04,32.04,0
FOXF,20140120,17.55,17.55,17.55,17.55,0
FPRX,20140120,19.04,19.04,19.04,19.04,0
FRAN,20140120,20.39,20.39,20.39,20.39,0
FRBA,20140120,6.15,6.15,6.15,6.15,0
FRBK,20140120,3.15,3.15,3.15,3.15,0
FRED,20140120,18.74,18.74,18.74,18.74,0
FREE,20140120,2.07,2.07,2.07,2.07,0
FRGI,20140120,47.13,47.13,47.13,47.13,0
FRME,20140120,20.71,20.71,20.71,20.71,0
FRNK,20140120,19.28,19.28,19.28,19.28,0
FRP,20140120,13.14,13.14,13.14,13.14,0
FSBK,20140120,8.2,8.2,8.2,8.2,0
FSBW,20140120,16.97,16.97,16.97,16.97,0
FSC,20140120,9.35,9.35,9.35,9.35,0
FSCFL,20140120,22.99,22.99,22.99,22.99,0
FSFG,20140120,22.96,22.96,22.96,22.96,0
FSFR,20140120,13.45,13.45,13.45,13.45,0
FSGI,20140120,2.17,2.17,2.17,2.17,0
FSLR,20140120,51.88,51.88,51.88,51.88,0
FSRV,20140120,41.76,41.76,41.76,41.76,0
FSTR,20140120,44.93,44.93,44.93,44.93,0
FSYS,20140120,13.08,13.08,13.08,13.08,0
FTCS,20140120,33.58,33.58,33.58,33.58,0
FTD,20140120,32.03,32.03,32.03,32.03,0
FTEK,20140120,7.56,7.56,7.56,7.56,0
FTGC,20140120,29.93,29.93,29.93,29.93,0
FTHI,20140120,19.97,19.97,19.97,19.97,0
FTLB,20140120,20.01,20.01,20.01,20.01,0
FTNT,20140120,21.48,21.48,21.48,21.48,0
FTR,20140120,4.83,4.83,4.83,4.83,0
FTSL,20140120,49.83,49.83,49.83,49.83,0
FUEL,20140120,65.37,65.37,65.37,65.37,0
FULL,20140120,7,7,7,7,0
FULLL,20140120,26.04,26.04,26.04,26.04,0
FULT,20140120,12.88,12.88,12.88,12.88,0
FUNC,20140120,8.66,8.66,8.66,8.66,0
FUND,20140120,7.74,7.74,7.74,7.74,0
FWM,20140120,12.86,12.86,12.86,12.86,0
FWRD,20140120,44.06,44.06,44.06,44.06,0
FXCB,20140120,17.27,17.27,17.27,17.27,0
FXEN,20140120,3.72,3.72,3.72,3.72,0
GABC,20140120,28.56,28.56,28.56,28.56,0
GAI,20140120,6.6,6.6,6.6,6.6,0
GAIA,20140120,6.44,6.44,6.44,6.44,0
GAIN,20140120,8.09,8.09,8.09,8.09,0
GAINP,20140120,26.3,26.3,26.3,26.3,0
GALE,20140120,7,7,7,7,0
GALT,20140120,11.64,11.64,11.64,11.64,0
GALTU,20140120,35,35,35,35,0
GALTW,20140120,7.7,7.7,7.7,7.7,0
GAME,20140120,4.77,4.77,4.77,4.77,0
GARS,20140120,14.66,14.66,14.66,14.66,0
GASS,20140120,9.88,9.88,9.88,9.88,0
GBCI,20140120,29.08,29.08,29.08,29.08,0
GBDC,20140120,18.86,18.86,18.86,18.86,0
GBLI,20140120,25.13,25.13,25.13,25.13,0
GBNK,20140120,13.15,13.15,13.15,13.15,0
GCBC,20140120,25.33,25.33,25.33,25.33,0
GCVRZ,20140120,0.38,0.38,0.38,0.38,0
GDEF,20140120,10.07,10.07,10.07,10.07,0
GENC,20140120,9.44,9.44,9.44,9.44,0
GENE,20140120,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.8,0
GEOS,20140120,85.06,85.06,85.06,85.06,0
GERN,20140120,4.51,4.51,4.51,4.51,0
GEVA,20140120,96.48,96.48,96.48,96.48,0
GEVO,20140120,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.3,0
GFED,20140120,10.99,10.99,10.99,10.99,0
GFN,20140120,6.3,6.3,6.3,6.3,0
GFNCP,20140120,100.75,100.75,100.75,100.75,0
GGAL,20140120,9.27,9.27,9.27,9.27,0
GHDX,20140120,32.5,32.5,32.5,32.5,0
GIFI,20140120,22.6,22.6,22.6,22.6,0
GIGA,20140120,1.27,1.27,1.27,1.27,0
GIGM,20140120,1,1,1,1,0
GIII,20140120,71.43,71.43,71.43,71.43,0
GILD,20140120,78.4,78.4,78.4,78.4,0
GILT,20140120,4.88,4.88,4.88,4.88,0
GK,20140120,64.12,64.12,64.12,64.12,0
GKNT,20140120,17.9,17.9,17.9,17.9,0
GLAD,20140120,10.05,10.05,10.05,10.05,0
GLBS,20140120,3.44,3.44,3.44,3.44,0
GLBZ,20140120,11.92,11.92,11.92,11.92,0
GLDC,20140120,4,4,4,4,0
GLDD,20140120,9,9,9,9,0
GLDI,20140120,14.3,14.3,14.3,14.3,0
GLNG,20140120,37.4,37.4,37.4,37.4,0
GLPI,20140120,36.31,36.31,36.31,36.31,0
GLRE,20140120,33.44,33.44,33.44,33.44,0
GLUU,20140120,4.05,4.05,4.05,4.05,0
GLYC,20140120,10.85,10.85,10.85,10.85,0
GMAN,20140120,8.09,8.09,8.09,8.09,0
GMCR,20140120,78.96,78.96,78.96,78.96,0
GMLP,20140120,30.97,30.97,30.97,30.97,0
GNCMA,20140120,10.96,10.96,10.96,10.96,0
GNMA,20140120,48.75,48.75,48.75,48.75,0
GNMK,20140120,13.93,13.93,13.93,13.93,0
GNTX,20140120,33.54,33.54,33.54,33.54,0
GNVC,20140120,3.63,3.63,3.63,3.63,0
GOGO,20140120,23.38,23.38,23.38,23.38,0
GOLD,20140120,65.32,65.32,65.32,65.32,0
GOMO,20140120,23.01,23.01,23.01,23.01,0
GOOD,20140120,18.43,18.43,18.43,18.43,0
GOODN,20140120,26.15,26.15,26.15,26.15,0
GOODO,20140120,24.75,24.75,24.75,24.75,0
GOODP,20140120,25.15,25.15,25.15,25.15,0
GOOG,20140120,575.265,575.265,575.265,575.265,0
GPIC,20140120,8.24,8.24,8.24,8.24,0
GPOR,20140120,54.83,54.83,54.83,54.83,0
GPRE,20140120,21.16,21.16,21.16,21.16,0
GRFS,20140120,38.83,38.83,38.83,38.83,0
GRID,20140120,38.07,38.07,38.07,38.07,0
GRIF,20140120,32.4,32.4,32.4,32.4,0
GRMN,20140120,46.66,46.66,46.66,46.66,0
GROW,20140120,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,0
GRPN,20140120,10.84,10.84,10.84,10.84,0
GRVY,20140120,1.07,1.07,1.07,1.07,0
GSBC,20140120,29.12,29.12,29.12,29.12,0
GSIG,20140120,11.37,11.37,11.37,11.37,0
GSIT,20140120,6.69,6.69,6.69,6.69,0
GSM,20140120,18.52,18.52,18.52,18.52,0
GSOL,20140120,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,0
GSVC,20140120,12.98,12.98,12.98,12.98,0
GT,20140120,24.53,24.53,24.53,24.53,0
GTIM,20140120,2.85,2.85,2.85,2.85,0
GTIV,20140120,12.2,12.2,12.2,12.2,0
GTLS,20140120,90.58,90.58,90.58,90.58,0
GTWN,20140120,15.53,15.53,15.53,15.53,0
GTXI,20140120,2.11,2.11,2.11,2.11,0
GUID,20140120,10.41,10.41,10.41,10.41,0
GULF,20140120,20.86,20.86,20.86,20.86,0
GURE,20140120,2.57,2.57,2.57,2.57,0
GWPH,20140120,48.39,48.39,48.39,48.39,0
GYRO,20140120,7.21,7.21,7.21,7.21,0
HA,20140120,10.83,10.83,10.83,10.83,0
HAFC,20140120,21.66,21.66,21.66,21.66,0
HAIN,20140120,97.58,97.58,97.58,97.58,0
HALL,20140120,9.13,9.13,9.13,9.13,0
HALO,20140120,17.03,17.03,17.03,17.03,0
HART,20140120,4.85,4.85,4.85,4.85,0
HAS,20140120,52,52,52,52,0
HAWK,20140120,28.04,28.04,28.04,28.04,0
HAYN,20140120,53.85,53.85,53.85,53.85,0
HBAN,20140120,9.63,9.63,9.63,9.63,0
HBANP,20140120,1273.85,1273.85,1273.85,1273.85,0
HBCP,20140120,20.92,20.92,20.92,20.92,0
HBHC,20140120,36.51,36.51,36.51,36.51,0
HBIO,20140120,4.65,4.65,4.65,4.65,0
HBK,20140120,14,14,14,14,0
HBMD,20140120,9.7,9.7,9.7,9.7,0
HBNC,20140120,23.31,23.31,23.31,23.31,0
HBNK,20140120,16.01,16.01,16.01,16.01,0
HBOS,20140120,18.8,18.8,18.8,18.8,0
HBP,20140120,4.41,4.41,4.41,4.41,0
HCACU,20140120,10.02,10.02,10.02,10.02,0
HCAP,20140120,15.18,15.18,15.18,15.18,0
HCBK,20140120,9.08,9.08,9.08,9.08,0
HCCI,20140120,17.44,17.44,17.44,17.44,0
HCKT,20140120,6.03,6.03,6.03,6.03,0
HCOM,20140120,27.7,27.7,27.7,27.7,0
HCSG,20140120,28.06,28.06,28.06,28.06,0
HDNG,20140120,14.22,14.22,14.22,14.22,0
HDS,20140120,23.76,23.76,23.76,23.76,0
HDSN,20140120,3.65,3.65,3.65,3.65,0
HEES,20140120,32.87,32.87,32.87,32.87,0
HELE,20140120,57.65,57.65,57.65,57.65,0
HEOP,20140120,7.61,7.61,7.61,7.61,0
HERO,20140120,5.64,5.64,5.64,5.64,0
HFBC,20140120,11.36,11.36,11.36,11.36,0
HFBL,20140120,17.34,17.34,17.34,17.34,0
HFFC,20140120,13.31,13.31,13.31,13.31,0
HFWA,20140120,17.98,17.98,17.98,17.98,0
HGSH,20140120,5.61,5.61,5.61,5.61,0
HIBB,20140120,61.16,61.16,61.16,61.16,0
HIFS,20140120,78.6,78.6,78.6,78.6,0
HIHO,20140120,3.05,3.05,3.05,3.05,0
HIIQ,20140120,11.01,11.01,11.01,11.01,0
HILL,20140120,4.96,4.96,4.96,4.96,0
HIMX,20140120,13.38,13.38,13.38,13.38,0
HKTV,20140120,7.36,7.36,7.36,7.36,0
HLIT,20140120,6.54,6.54,6.54,6.54,0
HLSS,20140120,22.44,22.44,22.44,22.44,0
HMHC,20140120,18.45,18.45,18.45,18.45,0
HMIN,20140120,40.28,40.28,40.28,40.28,0
HMNF,20140120,10.45,10.45,10.45,10.45,0
HMNY,20140120,6.72,6.72,6.72,6.72,0
HMPR,20140120,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.8,0
HMST,20140120,19.4,19.4,19.4,19.4,0
HMSY,20140120,26.05,26.05,26.05,26.05,0
HMTV,20140120,11.28,11.28,11.28,11.28,0
HNH,20140120,22.96,22.96,22.96,22.96,0
HNRG,20140120,8.15,8.15,8.15,8.15,0
HNSN,20140120,2.05,2.05,2.05,2.05,0
HOFT,20140120,16,16,16,16,0
HOLI,20140120,17.36,17.36,17.36,17.36,0
HOLX,20140120,22.58,22.58,22.58,22.58,0
HOMB,20140120,34.14,34.14,34.14,34.14,0
HOTR,20140120,4.78,4.78,4.78,4.78,0
HOTRW,20140120,0.71,0.71,0.71,0.71,0
HOVNP,20140120,16.39,16.39,16.39,16.39,0
HPJ,20140120,2.93,2.93,2.93,2.93,0
HPTX,20140120,28.44,28.44,28.44,28.44,0
HRZN,20140120,14.43,14.43,14.43,14.43,0
HSIC,20140120,116.16,116.16,116.16,116.16,0
HSII,20140120,19.67,19.67,19.67,19.67,0
HSKA,20140120,8.65,8.65,8.65,8.65,0
HSNI,20140120,57.23,57.23,57.23,57.23,0
HSOL,20140120,3.16,3.16,3.16,3.16,0
HSON,20140120,4.02,4.02,4.02,4.02,0
HSTM,20140120,32,32,32,32,0
HTBI,20140120,15.85,15.85,15.85,15.85,0
HTBK,20140120,8.25,8.25,8.25,8.25,0
HTBX,20140120,8.62,8.62,8.62,8.62,0
HTCH,20140120,4.06,4.06,4.06,4.06,0
HTHT,20140120,30,30,30,30,0
HTLD,20140120,20.79,20.79,20.79,20.79,0
HTLF,20140120,25.92,25.92,25.92,25.92,0
HTWO,20140120,10.17,10.17,10.17,10.17,0
HTWR,20140120,101.26,101.26,101.26,101.26,0
HUBG,20140120,41.05,41.05,41.05,41.05,0
HURC,20140120,26.07,26.07,26.07,26.07,0
HURN,20140120,62.17,62.17,62.17,62.17,0
HWAY,20140120,16.99,16.99,16.99,16.99,0
HWBK,20140120,12.37,12.37,12.37,12.37,0
HWCC,20140120,13.4,13.4,13.4,13.4,0
HWKN,20140120,35.94,35.94,35.94,35.94,0
HYGS,20140120,22.75,22.75,22.75,22.75,0
HYLS,20140120,52.17,52.17,52.17,52.17,0
HYND,20140120,24.85,24.85,24.85,24.85,0
HYZD,20140120,25.08,25.08,25.08,25.08,0
HZNP,20140120,8.61,8.61,8.61,8.61,0
IACI,20140120,71.83,71.83,71.83,71.83,0
IART,20140120,49.07,49.07,49.07,49.07,0
IBB,20140120,247.43,247.43,247.43,247.43,0
IBCA,20140120,7.64,7.64,7.64,7.64,0
IBCP,20140120,13.74,13.74,13.74,13.74,0
IBKC,20140120,62.28,62.28,62.28,62.28,0
IBKR,20140120,22.76,22.76,22.76,22.76,0
IBOC,20140120,25.33,25.33,25.33,25.33,0
IBTX,20140120,49.95,49.95,49.95,49.95,0
ICAD,20140120,12.92,12.92,12.92,12.92,0
ICCC,20140120,4.1,4.1,4.1,4.1,0
ICEL,20140120,19.76,19.76,19.76,19.76,0
ICFI,20140120,35.56,35.56,35.56,35.56,0
ICLD,20140120,16.56,16.56,16.56,16.56,0
ICLDW,20140120,11.42,11.42,11.42,11.42,0
ICLN,20140120,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,0
ICLR,20140120,41,41,41,41,0
ICON,20140120,37.21,37.21,37.21,37.21,0
ICPT,20140120,292.89,292.89,292.89,292.89,0
ICUI,20140120,65.47,65.47,65.47,65.47,0
IDCC,20140120,28.7,28.7,28.7,28.7,0
IDRA,20140120,4.35,4.35,4.35,4.35,0
IDSA,20140120,3.57,3.57,3.57,3.57,0
IDSY,20140120,5.74,5.74,5.74,5.74,0
IDTI,20140120,11.04,11.04,11.04,11.04,0
IDXX,20140120,113.58,113.58,113.58,113.58,0
IEP,20140120,108.96,108.96,108.96,108.96,0
IESC,20140120,6.17,6.17,6.17,6.17,0
IFAS,20140120,31.75,31.75,31.75,31.75,0
IFEU,20140120,35.04,35.04,35.04,35.04,0
IFGL,20140120,30.45,30.45,30.45,30.45,0
IFNA,20140120,47.49,47.49,47.49,47.49,0
IFON,20140120,1.51,1.51,1.51,1.51,0
IGLD,20140120,7.51,7.51,7.51,7.51,0
IGOV,20140120,100.19,100.19,100.19,100.19,0
IGTE,20140120,36.84,36.84,36.84,36.84,0
III,20140120,4.96,4.96,4.96,4.96,0
IIIN,20140120,20.5,20.5,20.5,20.5,0
IIJI,20140120,13.4,13.4,13.4,13.4,0
IILG,20140120,29.4,29.4,29.4,29.4,0
IIN,20140120,4.33,4.33,4.33,4.33,0
IIVI,20140120,16.99,16.99,16.99,16.99,0
IKAN,20140120,1.21,1.21,1.21,1.21,0
IKGH,20140120,3.08,3.08,3.08,3.08,0
IKNX,20140120,14.89,14.89,14.89,14.89,0
ILMN,20140120,136.34,136.34,136.34,136.34,0
IMGN,20140120,16.14,16.14,16.14,16.14,0
IMI,20140120,4.27,4.27,4.27,4.27,0
IMKTA,20140120,26.59,26.59,26.59,26.59,0
IMMR,20140120,12.03,12.03,12.03,12.03,0
IMMU,20140120,5.51,5.51,5.51,5.51,0
IMMY,20140120,5.96,5.96,5.96,5.96,0
IMOS,20140120,18.76,18.76,18.76,18.76,0
IMRS,20140120,1.89,1.89,1.89,1.89,0
INAP,20140120,7.59,7.59,7.59,7.59,0
INBK,20140120,20.82,20.82,20.82,20.82,0
INCY,20140120,61.87,61.87,61.87,61.87,0
INDB,20140120,38.04,38.04,38.04,38.04,0
INDY,20140120,23.09,23.09,23.09,23.09,0
INFA,20140120,42.56,42.56,42.56,42.56,0
INFI,20140120,13.41,13.41,13.41,13.41,0
INFN,20140120,8.53,8.53,8.53,8.53,0
ININ,20140120,70.49,70.49,70.49,70.49,0
INOD,20140120,2.56,2.56,2.56,2.56,0
INPH,20140120,4.28,4.28,4.28,4.28,0
INSM,20140120,21.21,21.21,21.21,21.21,0
INSY,20140120,35.8733,35.8733,35.8733,35.8733,0
INTC,20140120,25.85,25.85,25.85,25.85,0
INTG,20140120,19.43,19.43,19.43,19.43,0
INTL,20140120,18.84,18.84,18.84,18.84,0
INTLL,20140120,25.65,25.65,25.65,25.65,0
INTU,20140120,76.99,76.99,76.99,76.99,0
INTX,20140120,8.48,8.48,8.48,8.48,0
INVE,20140120,9.6,9.6,9.6,9.6,0
INWK,20140120,7.18,7.18,7.18,7.18,0
IOSP,20140120,44.37,44.37,44.37,44.37,0
IPAR,20140120,33.11,33.11,33.11,33.11,0
IPAS,20140120,1.75,1.75,1.75,1.75,0
IPCC,20140120,73.75,73.75,73.75,73.75,0
IPCI,20140120,3.92,3.92,3.92,3.92,0
IPCM,20140120,56.65,56.65,56.65,56.65,0
IPDN,20140120,3.27,3.27,3.27,3.27,0
IPGP,20140120,74.3,74.3,74.3,74.3,0
IPHS,20140120,49.8,49.8,49.8,49.8,0
IPWR,20140120,7.27,7.27,7.27,7.27,0
IPXL,20140120,24.62,24.62,24.62,24.62,0
IQNT,20140120,10.56,10.56,10.56,10.56,0
IRBT,20140120,36.59,36.59,36.59,36.59,0
IRDM,20140120,6.35,6.35,6.35,6.35,0
IRDMZ,20140120,0.38,0.38,0.38,0.38,0
IRG,20140120,13.3,13.3,13.3,13.3,0
IRIX,20140120,10.45,10.45,10.45,10.45,0
IROQ,20140120,16.9,16.9,16.9,16.9,0
IRWD,20140120,12.66,12.66,12.66,12.66,0
ISBC,20140120,10,10,10,10,0
ISCA,20140120,36.94,36.94,36.94,36.94,0
ISHG,20140120,93.82,93.82,93.82,93.82,0
ISIG,20140120,2.97,2.97,2.97,2.97,0
ISIL,20140120,11.62,11.62,11.62,11.62,0
ISIS,20140120,47.14,47.14,47.14,47.14,0
ISLE,20140120,7.81,7.81,7.81,7.81,0
ISM,20140120,23.65,23.65,23.65,23.65,0
ISNS,20140120,5.49,5.49,5.49,5.49,0
ISRG,20140120,430.14,430.14,430.14,430.14,0
ISRL,20140120,122.2,122.2,122.2,122.2,0
ISSC,20140120,7.41,7.41,7.41,7.41,0
ISSI,20140120,12.37,12.37,12.37,12.37,0
ITIC,20140120,79.94,79.94,79.94,79.94,0
ITRI,20140120,42.79,42.79,42.79,42.79,0
ITRN,20140120,22.7,22.7,22.7,22.7,0
IVAC,20140120,8.83,8.83,8.83,8.83,0
IVAN,20140120,3.99,3.99,3.99,3.99,0
IXYS,20140120,14.09,14.09,14.09,14.09,0
JACK,20140120,50.82,50.82,50.82,50.82,0
JACQU,20140120,11.3,11.3,11.3,11.3,0
JACQW,20140120,0.13,0.13,0.13,0.13,0
JAKK,20140120,6.35,6.35,6.35,6.35,0
JASO,20140120,9.98,9.98,9.98,9.98,0
JAXB,20140120,11.14,11.14,11.14,11.14,0
JAZZ,20140120,150.02,150.02,150.02,150.02,0
JBHT,20140120,77.59,77.59,77.59,77.59,0
JBLU,20140120,8.94,8.94,8.94,8.94,0
JBSS,20140120,23.48,23.48,23.48,23.48,0
JCOM,20140120,48.83,48.83,48.83,48.83,0
JCS,20140120,11.7,11.7,11.7,11.7,0
JCTCF,20140120,9.63,9.63,9.63,9.63,0
JDSU,20140120,12.04,12.04,12.04,12.04,0
JGBB,20140120,50,50,50,50,0
JIVE,20140120,10.13,10.13,10.13,10.13,0
JJSF,20140120,85.53,85.53,85.53,85.53,0
JKHY,20140120,58.36,58.36,58.36,58.36,0
JMBA,20140120,12.85,12.85,12.85,12.85,0
JOBS,20140120,40.615,40.615,40.615,40.615,0
JOEZ,20140120,1.17,1.17,1.17,1.17,0
JOUT,20140120,28.25,28.25,28.25,28.25,0
JRJC,20140120,7.06,7.06,7.06,7.06,0
JSM,20140120,19.36,19.36,19.36,19.36,0
JST,20140120,8.4,8.4,8.4,8.4,0
JTPY,20140120,1.99,1.99,1.99,1.99,0
JVA,20140120,5.28,5.28,5.28,5.28,0
JXSB,20140120,19.58,19.58,19.58,19.58,0
KALU,20140120,69.56,69.56,69.56,69.56,0
KBIO,20140120,5.41,5.41,5.41,5.41,0
KCAP,20140120,7.95,7.95,7.95,7.95,0
KCLI,20140120,50.62,50.62,50.62,50.62,0
KELYA,20140120,25,25,25,25,0
KELYB,20140120,24.84,24.84,24.84,24.84,0
KEQU,20140120,16,16,16,16,0
KERX,20140120,15.22,15.22,15.22,15.22,0
KEYW,20140120,17.81,17.81,17.81,17.81,0
KFFB,20140120,8.2,8.2,8.2,8.2,0
KFRC,20140120,19.74,19.74,19.74,19.74,0
KFX,20140120,7.94,7.94,7.94,7.94,0
KGJI,20140120,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,0
KIN,20140120,15.77,15.77,15.77,15.77,0
KINS,20140120,7.35,7.35,7.35,7.35,0
KIRK,20140120,20.24,20.24,20.24,20.24,0
KLAC,20140120,62.74,62.74,62.74,62.74,0
KLIC,20140120,11.35,11.35,11.35,11.35,0
KMDA,20140120,16.6,16.6,16.6,16.6,0
KNDI,20140120,13.76,13.76,13.76,13.76,0
KONA,20140120,16.23,16.23,16.23,16.23,0
KONE,20140120,12.3,12.3,12.3,12.3,0
KOOL,20140120,1.09,1.09,1.09,1.09,0
KOPN,20140120,4.24,4.24,4.24,4.24,0
KOSS,20140120,5.32,5.32,5.32,5.32,0
KPTI,20140120,27.01,27.01,27.01,27.01,0
KRFT,20140120,54.76,54.76,54.76,54.76,0
KRNY,20140120,11.69,11.69,11.69,11.69,0
KTCC,20140120,11.2,11.2,11.2,11.2,0
KTEC,20140120,14,14,14,14,0
KTOS,20140120,7.71,7.71,7.71,7.71,0
KUTV,20140120,3.23,3.23,3.23,3.23,0
KVHI,20140120,14,14,14,14,0
KWEB,20140120,35.03,35.03,35.03,35.03,0
KYTH,20140120,42.56,42.56,42.56,42.56,0
KZ,20140120,8.88,8.88,8.88,8.88,0
LABC,20140120,18.25,18.25,18.25,18.25,0
LABL,20140120,35.95,35.95,35.95,35.95,0
LACO,20140120,4.72,4.72,4.72,4.72,0
LAKE,20140120,6.77,6.77,6.77,6.77,0
LAMR,20140120,50.18,50.18,50.18,50.18,0
LANC,20140120,85.38,85.38,85.38,85.38,0
LAND,20140120,14.85,14.85,14.85,14.85,0
LARK,20140120,19.8,19.8,19.8,19.8,0
LAWS,20140120,15.31,15.31,15.31,15.31,0
LAYN,20140120,18.49,18.49,18.49,18.49,0
LBAI,20140120,12,12,12,12,0
LBIX,20140120,4.05,4.05,4.05,4.05,0
LBTYA,20140120,44.8646,44.8646,44.8646,44.8646,0
LBTYB,20140120,88.59,88.59,88.59,88.59,0
LBTYK,20140120,82.98,82.98,82.98,82.98,0
LCNB,20140120,17.75,17.75,17.75,17.75,0
LCUT,20140120,16.27,16.27,16.27,16.27,0
LDRH,20140120,26.65,26.65,26.65,26.65,0
LECO,20140120,71.87,71.87,71.87,71.87,0
LEDS,20140120,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05,0
LEVY,20140120,9.4,9.4,9.4,9.4,0
LEVYU,20140120,10.02,10.02,10.02,10.02,0
LEVYW,20140120,0.72,0.72,0.72,0.72,0
LFUS,20140120,93.15,93.15,93.15,93.15,0
LFVN,20140120,1.53,1.53,1.53,1.53,0
LGCY,20140120,27.96,27.96,27.96,27.96,0
LGIH,20140120,18.91,18.91,18.91,18.91,0
LGND,20140120,64.26,64.26,64.26,64.26,0
LHCG,20140120,23.74,23.74,23.74,23.74,0
LIME,20140120,3.59,3.59,3.59,3.59,0
LINC,20140120,5.23,5.23,5.23,5.23,0
LINE,20140120,32,32,32,32,0
LION,20140120,15.72,15.72,15.72,15.72,0
LIOX,20140120,5.91,5.91,5.91,5.91,0
LIQD,20140120,6.72,6.72,6.72,6.72,0
LIVE,20140120,4.7,4.7,4.7,4.7,0
LKFN,20140120,37.38,37.38,37.38,37.38,0
LKQ,20140120,27.93,27.93,27.93,27.93,0
LLEX,20140120,2.33,2.33,2.33,2.33,0
LLNW,20140120,2.07,2.07,2.07,2.07,0
LLTC,20140120,46,46,46,46,0
LMAT,20140120,8,8,8,8,0
LMCA,20140120,45.7733,45.7733,45.7733,45.7733,0
LMCB,20140120,136.23,136.23,136.23,136.23,0
LMIA,20140120,13.85,13.85,13.85,13.85,0
LMNR,20140120,22.66,22.66,22.66,22.66,0
LMNX,20140120,19.27,19.27,19.27,19.27,0
LMOS,20140120,19.81,19.81,19.81,19.81,0
LNBB,20140120,10.12,10.12,10.12,10.12,0
LNCE,20140120,28.23,28.23,28.23,28.23,0
LNCO,20140120,31.49,31.49,31.49,31.49,0
LNDC,20140120,11.12,11.12,11.12,11.12,0
LOAN,20140120,1.64,1.64,1.64,1.64,0
LOCM,20140120,1.56,1.56,1.56,1.56,0
LOGI,20140120,13.59,13.59,13.59,13.59,0
LOGM,20140120,33.04,33.04,33.04,33.04,0
LOJN,20140120,3.93,3.93,3.93,3.93,0
LONG,20140120,18.25,18.25,18.25,18.25,0
LOOK,20140120,2.24,2.24,2.24,2.24,0
LOPE,20140120,49.2,49.2,49.2,49.2,0
LORL,20140120,75.12,75.12,75.12,75.12,0
LPHI,20140120,2.64,2.64,2.64,2.64,0
LPLA,20140120,52.92,52.92,52.92,52.92,0
LPNT,20140120,55.88,55.88,55.88,55.88,0
LPSB,20140120,10.95,10.95,10.95,10.95,0
LPSN,20140120,14.53,14.53,14.53,14.53,0
LPTH,20140120,1.68,1.68,1.68,1.68,0
LPTN,20140120,4.94,4.94,4.94,4.94,0
LQDT,20140120,21.58,21.58,21.58,21.58,0
LRAD,20140120,2.03,2.03,2.03,2.03,0
LRCX,20140120,54.23,54.23,54.23,54.23,0
LSBK,20140120,12.28,12.28,12.28,12.28,0
LSCC,20140120,5.86,5.86,5.86,5.86,0
LSTR,20140120,58.15,58.15,58.15,58.15,0
LTBR,20140120,2.06,2.06,2.06,2.06,0
LTRE,20140120,3.25,3.25,3.25,3.25,0
LTRX,20140120,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.5,0
LULU,20140120,47.49,47.49,47.49,47.49,0
LUNA,20140120,1.39,1.39,1.39,1.39,0
LVNTA,20140120,121.13,121.13,121.13,121.13,0
LWAY,20140120,13.95,13.95,13.95,13.95,0
LXRX,20140120,1.87,1.87,1.87,1.87,0
LYTS,20140120,9.46,9.46,9.46,9.46,0
MACK,20140120,6.13,6.13,6.13,6.13,0
MAG,20140120,24.96,24.96,24.96,24.96,0
MAGS,20140120,4.09,4.09,4.09,4.09,0
MAMS,20140120,5.37,5.37,5.37,5.37,0
MANH,20140120,32.61,32.61,32.61,32.61,0
MANT,20140120,30.28,30.28,30.28,30.28,0
MAR,20140120,50.62,50.62,50.62,50.62,0
MARK,20140120,5.41,5.41,5.41,5.41,0
MARPS,20140120,15.99,15.99,15.99,15.99,0
MASI,20140120,31.15,31.15,31.15,31.15,0
MAT,20140120,44,44,44,44,0
MATR,20140120,5.72,5.72,5.72,5.72,0
MATW,20140120,43.79,43.79,43.79,43.79,0
MAYS,20140120,33,33,33,33,0
MBFI,20140120,30.44,30.44,30.44,30.44,0
MBII,20140120,18.54,18.54,18.54,18.54,0
MBLX,20140120,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.4,0
MBRG,20140120,19.04,19.04,19.04,19.04,0
MBTF,20140120,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0
MBVT,20140120,33.15,33.15,33.15,33.15,0
MBWM,20140120,20.72,20.72,20.72,20.72,0
MCBC,20140120,5.11,5.11,5.11,5.11,0
MCBK,20140120,17.39,17.39,17.39,17.39,0
MCEP,20140120,22.73,22.73,22.73,22.73,0
MCGC,20140120,4.7,4.7,4.7,4.7,0
MCHP,20140120,46.2,46.2,46.2,46.2,0
MCHX,20140120,10.14,10.14,10.14,10.14,0
MCOX,20140120,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,0
MCRI,20140120,19,19,19,19,0
MCRL,20140120,10.09,10.09,10.09,10.09,0
MDAS,20140120,21.8,21.8,21.8,21.8,0
MDCA,20140120,26.02,26.02,26.02,26.02,0
MDCO,20140120,37.9,37.9,37.9,37.9,0
MDIV,20140120,20.86,20.86,20.86,20.86,0
MDLZ,20140120,35.25,35.25,35.25,35.25,0
MDRX,20140120,16.69,16.69,16.69,16.69,0
MDSO,20140120,61.5,61.5,61.5,61.5,0
MDVN,20140120,75.11,75.11,75.11,75.11,0
MDXG,20140120,8.31,8.31,8.31,8.31,0
MEIL,20140120,3.69,3.69,3.69,3.69,0
MEILW,20140120,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0
MEILZ,20140120,0.58,0.58,0.58,0.58,0
MEIP,20140120,8.54,8.54,8.54,8.54,0
MELA,20140120,7.1,7.1,7.1,7.1,0
MELI,20140120,104.98,104.98,104.98,104.98,0
MEMP,20140120,21.83,21.83,21.83,21.83,0
MENT,20140120,22.11,22.11,22.11,22.11,0
MEOH,20140120,60.15,60.15,60.15,60.15,0
MERC,20140120,9.85,9.85,9.85,9.85,0
MERU,20140120,4.6,4.6,4.6,4.6,0
METR,20140120,20.41,20.41,20.41,20.41,0
MFI,20140120,8.93,8.93,8.93,8.93,0
MFLX,20140120,13.84,13.84,13.84,13.84,0
MFNC,20140120,11.05,11.05,11.05,11.05,0
MFRI,20140120,15.24,15.24,15.24,15.24,0
MFRM,20140120,44.12,44.12,44.12,44.12,0
MFSF,20140120,19.52,19.52,19.52,19.52,0
MGAM,20140120,34.59,34.59,34.59,34.59,0
MGCD,20140120,12.06,12.06,12.06,12.06,0
MGEE,20140120,37.3867,37.3867,37.3867,37.3867,0
MGI,20140120,18.7,18.7,18.7,18.7,0
MGIC,20140120,8.51,8.51,8.51,8.51,0
MGLN,20140120,60.14,60.14,60.14,60.14,0
MGNX,20140120,40.21,40.21,40.21,40.21,0
MGPI,20140120,5.52,5.52,5.52,5.52,0
MGRC,20140120,37.57,37.57,37.57,37.57,0
MGYR,20140120,7.36,7.36,7.36,7.36,0
MHGC,20140120,7.95,7.95,7.95,7.95,0
MHLD,20140120,11.23,11.23,11.23,11.23,0
MHLDO,20140120,46.18,46.18,46.18,46.18,0
MICT,20140120,5.07,5.07,5.07,5.07,0
MICTW,20140120,0.91,0.91,0.91,0.91,0
MIDD,20140120,84.2067,84.2067,84.2067,84.2067,0
MIND,20140120,16.74,16.74,16.74,16.74,0
MINI,20140120,41.94,41.94,41.94,41.94,0
MITK,20140120,5.98,5.98,5.98,5.98,0
MITL,20140120,10.04,10.04,10.04,10.04,0
MKSI,20140120,29.96,29.96,29.96,29.96,0
MKTO,20140120,42.28,42.28,42.28,42.28,0
MKTX,20140120,61.92,61.92,61.92,61.92,0
MLAB,20140120,77.59,77.59,77.59,77.59,0
MLHR,20140120,28.83,28.83,28.83,28.83,0
MLNK,20140120,5.63,5.63,5.63,5.63,0
MLNX,20140120,45.08,45.08,45.08,45.08,0
MLVF,20140120,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,0
MMLP,20140120,42.9,42.9,42.9,42.9,0
MMSI,20140120,15.71,15.71,15.71,15.71,0
MMYT,20140120,20.95,20.95,20.95,20.95,0
MNDL,20140120,3.19,3.19,3.19,3.19,0
MNDO,20140120,2.11,2.11,2.11,2.11,0
MNGA,20140120,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,0
MNKD,20140120,5.79,5.79,5.79,5.79,0
MNOV,20140120,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.4,0
MNRK,20140120,11.64,11.64,11.64,11.64,0
MNRO,20140120,56.17,56.17,56.17,56.17,0
MNST,20140120,69.12,69.12,69.12,69.12,0
MNTA,20140120,19.46,19.46,19.46,19.46,0
MNTX,20140120,14.1,14.1,14.1,14.1,0
MOBI,20140120,5.01,5.01,5.01,5.01,0
MOCO,20140120,16.41,16.41,16.41,16.41,0
MOFG,20140120,25.58,25.58,25.58,25.58,0
MORN,20140120,78.01,78.01,78.01,78.01,0
MOSY,20140120,5.83,5.83,5.83,5.83,0
MPAA,20140120,20.31,20.31,20.31,20.31,0
MPB,20140120,13.57,13.57,13.57,13.57,0
MPEL,20140120,44.97,44.97,44.97,44.97,0
MPET,20140120,1.1,1.1,1.1,1.1,0
MPWR,20140120,34.39,34.39,34.39,34.39,0
MRCC,20140120,12.74,12.74,12.74,12.74,0
MRCY,20140120,11.73,11.73,11.73,11.73,0
MRGE,20140120,2.14,2.14,2.14,2.14,0
MRLN,20140120,28.22,28.22,28.22,28.22,0
MRTN,20140120,20.52,20.52,20.52,20.52,0
MRTX,20140120,22.04,22.04,22.04,22.04,0
MRVL,20140120,14.68,14.68,14.68,14.68,0
MSBF,20140120,8.14,8.14,8.14,8.14,0
MSCC,20140120,24.86,24.86,24.86,24.86,0
MSEX,20140120,20.35,20.35,20.35,20.35,0
MSFG,20140120,16.58,16.58,16.58,16.58,0
MSFT,20140120,36.38,36.38,36.38,36.38,0
MSG,20140120,56.46,56.46,56.46,56.46,0
MSLI,20140120,1.24,1.24,1.24,1.24,0
MSON,20140120,5.32,5.32,5.32,5.32,0
MSTR,20140120,122.93,122.93,122.93,122.93,0
MTEX,20140120,16.48,16.48,16.48,16.48,0
MTGE,20140120,18.58,18.58,18.58,18.58,0
MTRX,20140120,26.51,26.51,26.51,26.51,0
MTSC,20140120,73.02,73.02,73.02,73.02,0
MTSI,20140120,16.25,16.25,16.25,16.25,0
MTSL,20140120,2.46,2.46,2.46,2.46,0
MTSN,20140120,3.05,3.05,3.05,3.05,0
MU,20140120,22.38,22.38,22.38,22.38,0
MVIS,20140120,1.29,1.29,1.29,1.29,0
MWIV,20140120,176.73,176.73,176.73,176.73,0
MWRX,20140120,8.07,8.07,8.07,8.07,0
MXIM,20140120,28.55,28.55,28.55,28.55,0
MXWL,20140120,9.04,9.04,9.04,9.04,0
MYGN,20140120,25.05,25.05,25.05,25.05,0
MYL,20140120,45.75,45.75,45.75,45.75,0
MYRG,20140120,24.8,24.8,24.8,24.8,0
MZOR,20140120,25,25,25,25,0
NAII,20140120,5.55,5.55,5.55,5.55,0
NANO,20140120,18.25,18.25,18.25,18.25,0
NATH,20140120,49.5,49.5,49.5,49.5,0
NATI,20140120,32.28,32.28,32.28,32.28,0
NATL,20140120,23.18,23.18,23.18,23.18,0
NATR,20140120,16.93,16.93,16.93,16.93,0
NAUH,20140120,3.67,3.67,3.67,3.67,0
NAVG,20140120,61.93,61.93,61.93,61.93,0
NBBC,20140120,7.27,7.27,7.27,7.27,0
NBCB,20140120,32.3,32.3,32.3,32.3,0
NBIX,20140120,19.65,19.65,19.65,19.65,0
NBN,20140120,9.49,9.49,9.49,9.49,0
NBS,20140120,6.91,6.91,6.91,6.91,0
NBTB,20140120,25.08,25.08,25.08,25.08,0
NBTF,20140120,19.5,19.5,19.5,19.5,0
NCIT,20140120,7.08,7.08,7.08,7.08,0
NCLH,20140120,36.54,36.54,36.54,36.54,0
NCMI,20140120,19.08,19.08,19.08,19.08,0
NCTY,20140120,2.58,2.58,2.58,2.58,0
NDAQ,20140120,39.72,39.72,39.72,39.72,0
NDLS,20140120,38.27,38.27,38.27,38.27,0
NDSN,20140120,72.46,72.46,72.46,72.46,0
NECB,20140120,7.29,7.29,7.29,7.29,0
NEO,20140120,4.31,4.31,4.31,4.31,0
NEOG,20140120,43.17,43.17,43.17,43.17,0
NEON,20140120,5.61,5.61,5.61,5.61,0
NEPT,20140120,3.17,3.17,3.17,3.17,0
NETE,20140120,5.22,5.22,5.22,5.22,0
NEWP,20140120,18.97,18.97,18.97,18.97,0
NEWS,20140120,15.96,15.96,15.96,15.96,0
NEWT,20140120,16.45,16.45,16.45,16.45,0
NFBK,20140120,12.91,12.91,12.91,12.91,0
NFEC,20140120,1.79,1.79,1.79,1.79,0
NFLX,20140120,330.04,330.04,330.04,330.04,0
NHTB,20140120,15,15,15,15,0
NICE,20140120,42.04,42.04,42.04,42.04,0
NICK,20140120,15.73,15.73,15.73,15.73,0
NILE,20140120,41.95,41.95,41.95,41.95,0
NKSH,20140120,36.5,36.5,36.5,36.5,0
NKTR,20140120,13.06,13.06,13.06,13.06,0
NLNK,20140120,31.92,31.92,31.92,31.92,0
NLST,20140120,1.32,1.32,1.32,1.32,0
NMIH,20140120,12.3,12.3,12.3,12.3,0
NMRX,20140120,15.72,15.72,15.72,15.72,0
NNBR,20140120,19.22,19.22,19.22,19.22,0
NPBC,20140120,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,0
NPSP,20140120,35.67,35.67,35.67,35.67,0
NRCIA,20140120,16,16,16,16,0
NRCIB,20140120,33.31,33.31,33.31,33.31,0
NRIM,20140120,25.4,25.4,25.4,25.4,0
NSEC,20140120,9.62,9.62,9.62,9.62,0
NSIT,20140120,22.86,22.86,22.86,22.86,0
NSPH,20140120,2.64,2.64,2.64,2.64,0
NSSC,20140120,6.28,6.28,6.28,6.28,0
NSTG,20140120,19.79,19.79,19.79,19.79,0
NSYS,20140120,5.78,5.78,5.78,5.78,0
NTAP,20140120,44.49,44.49,44.49,44.49,0
NTCT,20140120,30.9,30.9,30.9,30.9,0
NTES,20140120,79.45,79.45,79.45,79.45,0
NTGR,20140120,33.48,33.48,33.48,33.48,0
NTIC,20140120,18.59,18.59,18.59,18.59,0
NTK,20140120,76.82,76.82,76.82,76.82,0
NTLS,20140120,21.15,21.15,21.15,21.15,0
NTRI,20140120,15.54,15.54,15.54,15.54,0
NTRS,20140120,60.71,60.71,60.71,60.71,0
NTWK,20140120,6.61,6.61,6.61,6.61,0
NUAN,20140120,15.02,15.02,15.02,15.02,0
NURO,20140120,2.61,2.61,2.61,2.61,0
NUTR,20140120,25.95,25.95,25.95,25.95,0
NUVA,20140120,36.71,36.71,36.71,36.71,0
NVAX,20140120,6.13,6.13,6.13,6.13,0
NVDA,20140120,15.99,15.99,15.99,15.99,0
NVDQ,20140120,18.3,18.3,18.3,18.3,0
NVEC,20140120,58.45,58.45,58.45,58.45,0
NVEE,20140120,8.07,8.07,8.07,8.07,0
NVEEW,20140120,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.4,0
NVFY,20140120,6.45,6.45,6.45,6.45,0
NVGN,20140120,4.45,4.45,4.45,4.45,0
NVMI,20140120,11,11,11,11,0
NVSL,20140120,7.18,7.18,7.18,7.18,0
NWBI,20140120,14.63,14.63,14.63,14.63,0
NWBO,20140120,4.55,4.55,4.55,4.55,0
NWBOW,20140120,2.93,2.93,2.93,2.93,0
NWFL,20140120,28.51,28.51,28.51,28.51,0
NWLI,20140120,229.85,229.85,229.85,229.85,0
NWPX,20140120,37.14,37.14,37.14,37.14,0
NWS,20140120,17.02,17.02,17.02,17.02,0
NWSA,20140120,17.08,17.08,17.08,17.08,0
NXPI,20140120,46.72,46.72,46.72,46.72,0
NXST,20140120,45.98,45.98,45.98,45.98,0
NXTM,20140120,13.23,13.23,13.23,13.23,0
NYMT,20140120,6.86,6.86,6.86,6.86,0
NYMTP,20140120,20.97,20.97,20.97,20.97,0
NYMX,20140120,6.71,6.71,6.71,6.71,0
NYNY,20140120,5.54,5.54,5.54,5.54,0
OABC,20140120,22.09,22.09,22.09,22.09,0
OBAS,20140120,5.47,5.47,5.47,5.47,0
OBCI,20140120,2.71,2.71,2.71,2.71,0
OCC,20140120,3.79,3.79,3.79,3.79,0
OCFC,20140120,17.24,17.24,17.24,17.24,0
OCLR,20140120,2.76,2.76,2.76,2.76,0
OCLS,20140120,3.54,3.54,3.54,3.54,0
OCRX,20140120,18.76,18.76,18.76,18.76,0
ODFL,20140120,55.38,55.38,55.38,55.38,0
OFED,20140120,17.63,17.63,17.63,17.63,0
OFIX,20140120,23.21,23.21,23.21,23.21,0
OFLX,20140120,20.08,20.08,20.08,20.08,0
OFS,20140120,13.37,13.37,13.37,13.37,0
OGXI,20140120,9.69,9.69,9.69,9.69,0
OHRP,20140120,9,9,9,9,0
OIIM,20140120,3.12,3.12,3.12,3.12,0
OKSB,20140120,16.73,16.73,16.73,16.73,0
OLBK,20140120,16,16,16,16,0
OLED,20140120,33.86,33.86,33.86,33.86,0
OMAB,20140120,26.98,26.98,26.98,26.98,0
OMCL,20140120,25.9,25.9,25.9,25.9,0
OMED,20140120,37,37,37,37,0
OMER,20140120,12.19,12.19,12.19,12.19,0
OMEX,20140120,1.85,1.85,1.85,1.85,0
ONB,20140120,14.46,14.46,14.46,14.46,0
ONCY,20140120,1.68,1.68,1.68,1.68,0
ONEQ,20140120,165.19,165.19,165.19,165.19,0
ONFC,20140120,12.37,12.37,12.37,12.37,0
ONNN,20140120,8.79,8.79,8.79,8.79,0
ONTX,20140120,13.18,13.18,13.18,13.18,0
ONTY,20140120,2.18,2.18,2.18,2.18,0
ONVI,20140120,4.95,4.95,4.95,4.95,0
OPHC,20140120,1.64,1.64,1.64,1.64,0
OPHT,20140120,29.87,29.87,29.87,29.87,0
OPLK,20140120,18.8,18.8,18.8,18.8,0
OPOF,20140120,14.44,14.44,14.44,14.44,0
OPTT,20140120,2.48,2.48,2.48,2.48,0
OPXA,20140120,1.85,1.85,1.85,1.85,0
ORBC,20140120,6.69,6.69,6.69,6.69,0
ORBK,20140120,13.85,13.85,13.85,13.85,0
OREX,20140120,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,0
ORIG,20140120,18.06,18.06,18.06,18.06,0
ORIT,20140120,15.44,15.44,15.44,15.44,0
ORLY,20140120,135.48,135.48,135.48,135.48,0
ORMP,20140120,23.08,23.08,23.08,23.08,0
ORRF,20140120,16.92,16.92,16.92,16.92,0
OSBC,20140120,4.64,4.64,4.64,4.64,0
OSBCP,20140120,12,12,12,12,0
OSHC,20140120,13.72,13.72,13.72,13.72,0
OSIR,20140120,17.12,17.12,17.12,17.12,0
OSIS,20140120,57.81,57.81,57.81,57.81,0
OSM,20140120,23.88,23.88,23.88,23.88,0
OSN,20140120,1.22,1.22,1.22,1.22,0
OSTK,20140120,28.63,28.63,28.63,28.63,0
OSUR,20140120,6.75,6.75,6.75,6.75,0
OTEL,20140120,6.88,6.88,6.88,6.88,0
OTEX,20140120,45.115,45.115,45.115,45.115,0
OTIV,20140120,3.91,3.91,3.91,3.91,0
OTTR,20140120,28.24,28.24,28.24,28.24,0
OUTR,20140120,66.57,66.57,66.57,66.57,0
OVAS,20140120,9.87,9.87,9.87,9.87,0
OVBC,20140120,22.37,22.37,22.37,22.37,0
OVLY,20140120,8.42,8.42,8.42,8.42,0
OVTI,20140120,16.32,16.32,16.32,16.32,0
OXFD,20140120,19.58,19.58,19.58,19.58,0
OXGN,20140120,3.06,3.06,3.06,3.06,0
OXLC,20140120,17.86,17.86,17.86,17.86,0
OXLCO,20140120,23.24,23.24,23.24,23.24,0
OXLCP,20140120,26.99,26.99,26.99,26.99,0
OZRK,20140120,28.875,28.875,28.875,28.875,0
PAAS,20140120,12.89,12.89,12.89,12.89,0
PACB,20140120,6.5,6.5,6.5,6.5,0
PACW,20140120,42.64,42.64,42.64,42.64,0
PAGG,20140120,29.77,29.77,29.77,29.77,0
PATK,20140120,30.8,30.8,30.8,30.8,0
PAYX,20140120,44.1,44.1,44.1,44.1,0
PBCP,20140120,10.1,10.1,10.1,10.1,0
PBCT,20140120,14.85,14.85,14.85,14.85,0
PBHC,20140120,13.5,13.5,13.5,13.5,0
PBIB,20140120,0.98,0.98,0.98,0.98,0
PBIP,20140120,10.66,10.66,10.66,10.66,0
PBMD,20140120,1.43,1.43,1.43,1.43,0
PBPB,20140120,24.15,24.15,24.15,24.15,0
PBSK,20140120,13.95,13.95,13.95,13.95,0
PCAR,20140120,59.53,59.53,59.53,59.53,0
PCBK,20140120,15.21,15.21,15.21,15.21,0
PCCC,20140120,24.14,24.14,24.14,24.14,0
PCH,20140120,40.55,40.55,40.55,40.55,0
PCLN,20140120,1178.04,1178.04,1178.04,1178.04,0
PCMI,20140120,10.66,10.66,10.66,10.66,0
PCO,20140120,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,0
PCOM,20140120,27.67,27.67,27.67,27.67,0
PCRX,20140120,65.09,65.09,65.09,65.09,0
PCTI,20140120,8.76,8.76,8.76,8.76,0
PCYC,20140120,140.64,140.64,140.64,140.64,0
PCYG,20140120,9.69,9.69,9.69,9.69,0
PCYO,20140120,6.33,6.33,6.33,6.33,0
PDCE,20140120,48.21,48.21,48.21,48.21,0
PDCO,20140120,40.98,40.98,40.98,40.98,0
PDEX,20140120,2.75,2.75,2.75,2.75,0
PDFS,20140120,25.31,25.31,25.31,25.31,0
PDII,20140120,5.8,5.8,5.8,5.8,0
PDLI,20140120,8.97,8.97,8.97,8.97,0
PEBK,20140120,15.25,15.25,15.25,15.25,0
PEBO,20140120,21.86,21.86,21.86,21.86,0
PEGA,20140120,24.075,24.075,24.075,24.075,0
PEGI,20140120,29.08,29.08,29.08,29.08,0
PEIX,20140120,7.28,7.28,7.28,7.28,0
PENN,20140120,12.56,12.56,12.56,12.56,0
PENX,20140120,13.37,13.37,13.37,13.37,0
PEOP,20140120,17.9,17.9,17.9,17.9,0
PERF,20140120,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,0
PERI,20140120,12.53,12.53,12.53,12.53,0
PERY,20140120,16.4,16.4,16.4,16.4,0
PESI,20140120,3.67,3.67,3.67,3.67,0
PETM,20140120,64.39,64.39,64.39,64.39,0
PETS,20140120,15.27,15.27,15.27,15.27,0
PETX,20140120,18.72,18.72,18.72,18.72,0
PFBC,20140120,20.75,20.75,20.75,20.75,0
PFBI,20140120,14.66,14.66,14.66,14.66,0
PFBX,20140120,13.05,13.05,13.05,13.05,0
PFIN,20140120,7.11,7.11,7.11,7.11,0
PFLT,20140120,13.56,13.56,13.56,13.56,0
PFMT,20140120,9,9,9,9,0
PFPT,20140120,38.18,38.18,38.18,38.18,0
PFSW,20140120,9.33,9.33,9.33,9.33,0
PGC,20140120,18.57,18.57,18.57,18.57,0
PGNX,20140120,7.04,7.04,7.04,7.04,0
PGTI,20140120,10.99,10.99,10.99,10.99,0
PHII,20140120,36.97,36.97,36.97,36.97,0
PHIIK,20140120,38.86,38.86,38.86,38.86,0
PHMD,20140120,14.92,14.92,14.92,14.92,0
PICO,20140120,23.62,23.62,23.62,23.62,0
PINC,20140120,37.9,37.9,37.9,37.9,0
PKBK,20140120,9.79,9.79,9.79,9.79,0
PKOH,20140120,50.97,50.97,50.97,50.97,0
PKT,20140120,12.27,12.27,12.27,12.27,0
PLAB,20140120,8.2,8.2,8.2,8.2,0
PLBC,20140120,6.03,6.03,6.03,6.03,0
PLCE,20140120,57.3,57.3,57.3,57.3,0
PLCM,20140120,11.72,11.72,11.72,11.72,0
PLMT,20140120,13.04,13.04,13.04,13.04,0
PLNR,20140120,2.62,2.62,2.62,2.62,0
PLPC,20140120,69.69,69.69,69.69,69.69,0
PLPM,20140120,3.87,3.87,3.87,3.87,0
PLTM,20140120,12.78,12.78,12.78,12.78,0
PLUG,20140120,3.48,3.48,3.48,3.48,0
PLUS,20140120,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,0
PLXS,20140120,40.98,40.98,40.98,40.98,0
PMBC,20140120,6.2,6.2,6.2,6.2,0
PMCS,20140120,6.49,6.49,6.49,6.49,0
PMD,20140120,15.28,15.28,15.28,15.28,0
PME,20140120,3.18,3.18,3.18,3.18,0
PMFG,20140120,8.49,8.49,8.49,8.49,0
PNBK,20140120,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05,0
PNFP,20140120,31.15,31.15,31.15,31.15,0
PNNT,20140120,11.33,11.33,11.33,11.33,0
PNQI,20140120,68.32,68.32,68.32,68.32,0
PNRA,20140120,172.19,172.19,172.19,172.19,0
PNRG,20140120,51.9,51.9,51.9,51.9,0
PNTR,20140120,10.21,10.21,10.21,10.21,0
PODD,20140120,40.21,40.21,40.21,40.21,0
POOL,20140120,56.63,56.63,56.63,56.63,0
POPE,20140120,66.54,66.54,66.54,66.54,0
POWI,20140120,58.71,58.71,58.71,58.71,0
POWL,20140120,61.95,61.95,61.95,61.95,0
POZN,20140120,8.8,8.8,8.8,8.8,0
PPBI,20140120,16.09,16.09,16.09,16.09,0
PPC,20140120,16.08,16.08,16.08,16.08,0
PPHM,20140120,1.72,1.72,1.72,1.72,0
PPSI,20140120,10.07,10.07,10.07,10.07,0
PRAA,20140120,53.42,53.42,53.42,53.42,0
PRAN,20140120,7.1,7.1,7.1,7.1,0
PRCP,20140120,16.96,16.96,16.96,16.96,0
PRFT,20140120,21.9,21.9,21.9,21.9,0
PRFZ,20140120,96.71,96.71,96.71,96.71,0
PRGN,20140120,7.37,7.37,7.37,7.37,0
PRGS,20140120,24.49,24.49,24.49,24.49,0
PRGX,20140120,7.16,7.16,7.16,7.16,0
PRIM,20140120,32.69,32.69,32.69,32.69,0
PRKR,20140120,4.84,4.84,4.84,4.84,0
PRLS,20140120,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.6,0
PRMW,20140120,2.96,2.96,2.96,2.96,0
PROV,20140120,14.57,14.57,14.57,14.57,0
PRPH,20140120,1.73,1.73,1.73,1.73,0
PRSC,20140120,25.04,25.04,25.04,25.04,0
PRSS,20140120,6.71,6.71,6.71,6.71,0
PRTA,20140120,26.11,26.11,26.11,26.11,0
PRTS,20140120,2.43,2.43,2.43,2.43,0
PRXI,20140120,0.99,0.99,0.99,0.99,0
PRXL,20140120,45.91,45.91,45.91,45.91,0
PSAU,20140120,19.89,19.89,19.89,19.89,0
PSBH,20140120,6.4,6.4,6.4,6.4,0
PSCC,20140120,47.97,47.97,47.97,47.97,0
PSCD,20140120,47,47,47,47,0
PSCE,20140120,45.01,45.01,45.01,45.01,0
PSCF,20140120,39.3,39.3,39.3,39.3,0
PSCH,20140120,56.58,56.58,56.58,56.58,0
PSCI,20140120,45.86,45.86,45.86,45.86,0
PSCM,20140120,41.96,41.96,41.96,41.96,0
PSCT,20140120,44.5,44.5,44.5,44.5,0
PSCU,20140120,34.71,34.71,34.71,34.71,0
PSDV,20140120,4.91,4.91,4.91,4.91,0
PSEC,20140120,11.21,11.21,11.21,11.21,0
PSEM,20140120,8.85,8.85,8.85,8.85,0
PSIX,20140120,71.72,71.72,71.72,71.72,0
PSMI,20140120,6.85,6.85,6.85,6.85,0
PSMT,20140120,94.05,94.05,94.05,94.05,0
PSTB,20140120,6.95,6.95,6.95,6.95,0
PSTI,20140120,4.43,4.43,4.43,4.43,0
PSTR,20140120,1.26,1.26,1.26,1.26,0
PSUN,20140120,2.85,2.85,2.85,2.85,0
PTC,20140120,35.39,35.39,35.39,35.39,0
PTCT,20140120,29.32,29.32,29.32,29.32,0
PTEN,20140120,25.03,25.03,25.03,25.03,0
PTIE,20140120,4.71,4.71,4.71,4.71,0
PTLA,20140120,27.72,27.72,27.72,27.72,0
PTNR,20140120,9.38,9.38,9.38,9.38,0
PTNT,20140120,3.11,3.11,3.11,3.11,0
PTRY,20140120,16,16,16,16,0
PTSI,20140120,19.97,19.97,19.97,19.97,0
PTX,20140120,2.36,2.36,2.36,2.36,0
PULB,20140120,11.63,11.63,11.63,11.63,0
PVTB,20140120,28.92,28.92,28.92,28.92,0
PVTBP,20140120,26.4,26.4,26.4,26.4,0
PWOD,20140120,48.4,48.4,48.4,48.4,0
PWRD,20140120,19.95,19.95,19.95,19.95,0
PWX,20140120,19.64,19.64,19.64,19.64,0
PXLW,20140120,5.6,5.6,5.6,5.6,0
PZZA,20140120,47.48,47.48,47.48,47.48,0
PZZI,20140120,8.03,8.03,8.03,8.03,0
QABA,20140120,35.69,35.69,35.69,35.69,0
QADA,20140120,17.31,17.31,17.31,17.31,0
QADB,20140120,15.51,15.51,15.51,15.51,0
QBAK,20140120,1.22,1.22,1.22,1.22,0
QCCO,20140120,1.96,1.96,1.96,1.96,0
QCLN,20140120,19.09,19.09,19.09,19.09,0
QCOM,20140120,74.73,74.73,74.73,74.73,0
QCRH,20140120,17.2,17.2,17.2,17.2,0
QDEL,20140120,31.44,31.44,31.44,31.44,0
QGEN,20140120,24.21,24.21,24.21,24.21,0
QIWI,20140120,40,40,40,40,0
QKLS,20140120,5,5,5,5,0
QLGC,20140120,11.7,11.7,11.7,11.7,0
QLIK,20140120,28.08,28.08,28.08,28.08,0
QLTI,20140120,6.63,6.63,6.63,6.63,0
QLTY,20140120,14.4,14.4,14.4,14.4,0
QLYS,20140120,28.51,28.51,28.51,28.51,0
QNST,20140120,8.7,8.7,8.7,8.7,0
QQEW,20140120,36.53,36.53,36.53,36.53,0
QQQ,20140120,87.88,87.88,87.88,87.88,0
QQQC,20140120,22.95,22.95,22.95,22.95,0
QQQX,20140120,18.02,18.02,18.02,18.02,0
QQXT,20140120,34.75,34.75,34.75,34.75,0
QSII,20140120,19.1,19.1,19.1,19.1,0
QTEC,20140120,35.91,35.91,35.91,35.91,0
QTWW,20140120,8.4,8.4,8.4,8.4,0
QUIK,20140120,4.77,4.77,4.77,4.77,0
QUMU,20140120,13.66,13.66,13.66,13.66,0
QUNR,20140120,28.24,28.24,28.24,28.24,0
QYLD,20140120,25.71,25.71,25.71,25.71,0
RADA,20140120,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.4,0
RAIL,20140120,25.28,25.28,25.28,25.28,0
RAND,20140120,3.15,3.15,3.15,3.15,0
RAVN,20140120,37.65,37.65,37.65,37.65,0
RBCAA,20140120,24.43,24.43,24.43,24.43,0
RBCN,20140120,9.98,9.98,9.98,9.98,0
RBPAA,20140120,1.53,1.53,1.53,1.53,0
RCII,20140120,31.34,31.34,31.34,31.34,0
RCKY,20140120,15.17,15.17,15.17,15.17,0
RCMT,20140120,6.94,6.94,6.94,6.94,0
RCON,20140120,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,0
RCPT,20140120,40.04,40.04,40.04,40.04,0
RDCM,20140120,5.15,5.15,5.15,5.15,0
RDEN,20140120,27.96,27.96,27.96,27.96,0
RDHL,20140120,13.76,13.76,13.76,13.76,0
RDI,20140120,7.53,7.53,7.53,7.53,0
RDNT,20140120,1.68,1.68,1.68,1.68,0
RDVY,20140120,20.07,20.07,20.07,20.07,0
RDWR,20140120,18.8,18.8,18.8,18.8,0
RECN,20140120,14.62,14.62,14.62,14.62,0
REDF,20140120,2.38,2.38,2.38,2.38,0
REFR,20140120,6.36,6.36,6.36,6.36,0
REGI,20140120,10.88,10.88,10.88,10.88,0
REGN,20140120,292,292,292,292,0
REIS,20140120,18.88,18.88,18.88,18.88,0
RELL,20140120,12.05,12.05,12.05,12.05,0
RELV,20140120,2.69,2.69,2.69,2.69,0
REMY,20140120,21.35,21.35,21.35,21.35,0
RENT,20140120,55,55,55,55,0
REXI,20140120,9.09,9.09,9.09,9.09,0
REXX,20140120,18.69,18.69,18.69,18.69,0
RFIL,20140120,6.43,6.43,6.43,6.43,0
RFMD,20140120,4.98,4.98,4.98,4.98,0
RGCO,20140120,19.44,19.44,19.44,19.44,0
RGDO,20140120,6.33,6.33,6.33,6.33,0
RGDX,20140120,1.65,1.65,1.65,1.65,0
RGEN,20140120,12.65,12.65,12.65,12.65,0
RGLD,20140120,53.61,53.61,53.61,53.61,0
RGLS,20140120,7.89,7.89,7.89,7.89,0
RIBT,20140120,6.15,6.15,6.15,6.15,0
RIBTW,20140120,1.65,1.65,1.65,1.65,0
RICK,20140120,11.04,11.04,11.04,11.04,0
RIGL,20140120,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,0
RITT,20140120,1.63,1.63,1.63,1.63,0
RITTW,20140120,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.6,0
RIVR,20140120,27.1,27.1,27.1,27.1,0
RJET,20140120,10.21,10.21,10.21,10.21,0
RLJE,20140120,5.01,5.01,5.01,5.01,0
RLOC,20140120,14.1,14.1,14.1,14.1,0
RLOG,20140120,6.07,6.07,6.07,6.07,0
RLYP,20140120,33.63,33.63,33.63,33.63,0
RMBS,20140120,8.52,8.52,8.52,8.52,0
RMCF,20140120,11.65,11.65,11.65,11.65,0
RMGN,20140120,5.08,5.08,5.08,5.08,0
RMTI,20140120,11.68,11.68,11.68,11.68,0
RNA,20140120,6.34,6.34,6.34,6.34,0
RNET,20140120,46.47,46.47,46.47,46.47,0
RNST,20140120,30.22,30.22,30.22,30.22,0
RNWK,20140120,7.73,7.73,7.73,7.73,0
ROBO,20140120,27.52,27.52,27.52,27.52,0
ROCK,20140120,17.88,17.88,17.88,17.88,0
ROIA,20140120,4.97,4.97,4.97,4.97,0
ROIAK,20140120,4.97,4.97,4.97,4.97,0
ROIC,20140120,14.75,14.75,14.75,14.75,0
ROIQU,20140120,10.11,10.11,10.11,10.11,0
ROIQW,20140120,0.19,0.19,0.19,0.19,0
ROLL,20140120,68.92,68.92,68.92,68.92,0
ROSE,20140120,44.88,44.88,44.88,44.88,0
ROSG,20140120,3.54,3.54,3.54,3.54,0
ROST,20140120,71.39,71.39,71.39,71.39,0
ROVI,20140120,21.68,21.68,21.68,21.68,0
ROYL,20140120,2.73,2.73,2.73,2.73,0
RP,20140120,21.64,21.64,21.64,21.64,0
RPRX,20140120,21.56,21.56,21.56,21.56,0
RPTP,20140120,15.53,15.53,15.53,15.53,0
RPXC,20140120,16.98,16.98,16.98,16.98,0
RRD,20140120,20.05,20.05,20.05,20.05,0
RRGB,20140120,64.63,64.63,64.63,64.63,0
RRST,20140120,9,9,9,9,0
RSTI,20140120,25.25,25.25,25.25,25.25,0
RSYS,20140120,2.79,2.79,2.79,2.79,0
RTIX,20140120,3.26,3.26,3.26,3.26,0
RTK,20140120,1.94,1.94,1.94,1.94,0
RTRX,20140120,13.1,13.1,13.1,13.1,0
RUSHA,20140120,29.51,29.51,29.51,29.51,0
RUSHB,20140120,24.99,24.99,24.99,24.99,0
RUTH,20140120,13.21,13.21,13.21,13.21,0
RVBD,20140120,20.53,20.53,20.53,20.53,0
RVLT,20140120,3.17,3.17,3.17,3.17,0
RVSB,20140120,3.09,3.09,3.09,3.09,0
RYAAY,20140120,49.82,49.82,49.82,49.82,0
SAAS,20140120,9.16,9.16,9.16,9.16,0
SAEX,20140120,9.28,9.28,9.28,9.28,0
SAFM,20140120,72.71,72.71,72.71,72.71,0
SAFT,20140120,56.2,56.2,56.2,56.2,0
SAIA,20140120,33.19,33.19,33.19,33.19,0
SAL,20140120,27.25,27.25,27.25,27.25,0
SALE,20140120,32.58,32.58,32.58,32.58,0
SALM,20140120,9.01,9.01,9.01,9.01,0
SAMG,20140120,16.44,16.44,16.44,16.44,0
SANM,20140120,15.6,15.6,15.6,15.6,0
SANW,20140120,5.59,5.59,5.59,5.59,0
SANWZ,20140120,0.56,0.56,0.56,0.56,0
SAPE,20140120,17.1,17.1,17.1,17.1,0
SASR,20140120,27.54,27.54,27.54,27.54,0
SATS,20140120,47.83,47.83,47.83,47.83,0
SAVE,20140120,50,50,50,50,0
SBAC,20140120,90.01,90.01,90.01,90.01,0
SBBX,20140120,8.85,8.85,8.85,8.85,0
SBCF,20140120,12.43,12.43,12.43,12.43,0
SBFG,20140120,8.39,8.39,8.39,8.39,0
SBGI,20140120,31.98,31.98,31.98,31.98,0
SBLK,20140120,13.6,13.6,13.6,13.6,0
SBNY,20140120,110.1,110.1,110.1,110.1,0
SBNYW,20140120,77.56,77.56,77.56,77.56,0
SBRA,20140120,27.29,27.29,27.29,27.29,0
SBRAP,20140120,23.65,23.65,23.65,23.65,0
SBSA,20140120,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,0
SBSI,20140120,27.56,27.56,27.56,27.56,0
SBUX,20140120,74.9,74.9,74.9,74.9,0
SCAI,20140120,35.82,35.82,35.82,35.82,0
SCHL,20140120,34.49,34.49,34.49,34.49,0
SCHN,20140120,29.84,29.84,29.84,29.84,0
SCLN,20140120,5.2,5.2,5.2,5.2,0
SCMP,20140120,10.39,10.39,10.39,10.39,0
SCOK,20140120,1.29,1.29,1.29,1.29,0
SCON,20140120,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,0
SCOR,20140120,27.95,27.95,27.95,27.95,0
SCSC,20140120,42.07,42.07,42.07,42.07,0
SCSS,20140120,16.34,16.34,16.34,16.34,0
SCTY,20140120,75.11,75.11,75.11,75.11,0
SCVL,20140120,24.38,24.38,24.38,24.38,0
SEAC,20140120,12.49,12.49,12.49,12.49,0
SEED,20140120,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.4,0
SEIC,20140120,35.08,35.08,35.08,35.08,0
SENEA,20140120,29.71,29.71,29.71,29.71,0
SENEB,20140120,29.8,29.8,29.8,29.8,0
SEV,20140120,7.95,7.95,7.95,7.95,0
SFBC,20140120,16.85,16.85,16.85,16.85,0
SFLY,20140120,45.31,45.31,45.31,45.31,0
SFM,20140120,38.06,38.06,38.06,38.06,0
SFNC,20140120,36.6,36.6,36.6,36.6,0
SFST,20140120,13.43,13.43,13.43,13.43,0
SFXE,20140120,10.79,10.79,10.79,10.79,0
SGC,20140120,16.27,16.27,16.27,16.27,0
SGEN,20140120,47.95,47.95,47.95,47.95,0
SGI,20140120,12.72,12.72,12.72,12.72,0
SGMA,20140120,9.42,9.42,9.42,9.42,0
SGMO,20140120,19.65,19.65,19.65,19.65,0
SGMS,20140120,15.99,15.99,15.99,15.99,0
SGNT,20140120,22.31,22.31,22.31,22.31,0
SGOC,20140120,3.38,3.38,3.38,3.38,0
SGRP,20140120,1.87,1.87,1.87,1.87,0
SGYP,20140120,5.68,5.68,5.68,5.68,0
SGYPU,20140120,14.2,14.2,14.2,14.2,0
SGYPW,20140120,2.22,2.22,2.22,2.22,0
SHBI,20140120,9.12,9.12,9.12,9.12,0
SHEN,20140120,24.75,24.75,24.75,24.75,0
SHIP,20140120,1.67,1.67,1.67,1.67,0
SHLD,20140120,37.58,37.58,37.58,37.58,0
SHLM,20140120,34.51,34.51,34.51,34.51,0
SHLO,20140120,16.66,16.66,16.66,16.66,0
SHOO,20140120,33.16,33.16,33.16,33.16,0
SHOR,20140120,9.24,9.24,9.24,9.24,0
SHOS,20140120,22.85,22.85,22.85,22.85,0
SHPG,20140120,148.48,148.48,148.48,148.48,0
SIAL,20140120,92.51,92.51,92.51,92.51,0
SIBC,20140120,15.25,15.25,15.25,15.25,0
SIEB,20140120,1.61,1.61,1.61,1.61,0
SIFI,20140120,11.76,11.76,11.76,11.76,0
SIFY,20140120,2.22,2.22,2.22,2.22,0
SIGA,20140120,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,0
SIGI,20140120,25.75,25.75,25.75,25.75,0
SIGM,20140120,5.16,5.16,5.16,5.16,0
SILC,20140120,47.23,47.23,47.23,47.23,0
SIMG,20140120,5.96,5.96,5.96,5.96,0
SIMO,20140120,14.2,14.2,14.2,14.2,0
SINA,20140120,75.02,75.02,75.02,75.02,0
SINO,20140120,2.9,2.9,2.9,2.9,0
SIRI,20140120,3.71,3.71,3.71,3.71,0
SIRO,20140120,70.48,70.48,70.48,70.48,0
SIVB,20140120,104.02,104.02,104.02,104.02,0
SIVBO,20140120,25.5,25.5,25.5,25.5,0
SKBI,20140120,4.26,4.26,4.26,4.26,0
SKUL,20140120,7.55,7.55,7.55,7.55,0
SKYW,20140120,14.51,14.51,14.51,14.51,0
SKYY,20140120,27.06,27.06,27.06,27.06,0
SLAB,20140120,45,45,45,45,0
SLGN,20140120,46.65,46.65,46.65,46.65,0
SLM,20140120,8.7393,8.7393,8.7393,8.7393,0
SLMAP,20140120,46.45,46.45,46.45,46.45,0
SLMBP,20140120,68.5,68.5,68.5,68.5,0
SLP,20140120,5.24,5.24,5.24,5.24,0
SLRC,20140120,22.93,22.93,22.93,22.93,0
SLTC,20140120,6.71,6.71,6.71,6.71,0
SLVO,20140120,16.01,16.01,16.01,16.01,0
SLXP,20140120,98.56,98.56,98.56,98.56,0
SMBC,20140120,32.6,32.6,32.6,32.6,0
SMCI,20140120,17.96,17.96,17.96,17.96,0
SMED,20140120,4.56,4.56,4.56,4.56,0
SMIT,20140120,2.53,2.53,2.53,2.53,0
SMMF,20140120,9.9,9.9,9.9,9.9,0
SMPL,20140120,16.38,16.38,16.38,16.38,0
SMRT,20140120,14.45,14.45,14.45,14.45,0
SMSI,20140120,1.76,1.76,1.76,1.76,0
SMT,20140120,2.08,2.08,2.08,2.08,0
SMTC,20140120,24.03,24.03,24.03,24.03,0
SMTX,20140120,2.36,2.36,2.36,2.36,0
SNAK,20140120,12.56,12.56,12.56,12.56,0
SNBC,20140120,17.1,17.1,17.1,17.1,0
SNCR,20140120,30.48,30.48,30.48,30.48,0
SNDK,20140120,73.69,73.69,73.69,73.69,0
SNFCA,20140120,4.65,4.65,4.65,4.65,0
SNHY,20140120,39.36,39.36,39.36,39.36,0
SNMX,20140120,7.3,7.3,7.3,7.3,0
SNPS,20140120,41.09,41.09,41.09,41.09,0
SNSS,20140120,4.81,4.81,4.81,4.81,0
SNTA,20140120,6.17,6.17,6.17,6.17,0
SOCB,20140120,6.2,6.2,6.2,6.2,0
SOCL,20140120,21.61,21.61,21.61,21.61,0
SODA,20140120,38.15,38.15,38.15,38.15,0
SOFO,20140120,10.4,10.4,10.4,10.4,0
SOHO,20140120,5.71,5.71,5.71,5.71,0
SOHOL,20140120,26,26,26,26,0
SOHU,20140120,76.82,76.82,76.82,76.82,0
SONA,20140120,10.14,10.14,10.14,10.14,0
SONC,20140120,20.5,20.5,20.5,20.5,0
SONS,20140120,3.04,3.04,3.04,3.04,0
SORL,20140120,4.66,4.66,4.66,4.66,0
SOXX,20140120,73.09,73.09,73.09,73.09,0
SP,20140120,25.02,25.02,25.02,25.02,0
SPAN,20140120,21.99,21.99,21.99,21.99,0
SPAR,20140120,6.74,6.74,6.74,6.74,0
SPCB,20140120,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,0
SPDC,20140120,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.3,0
SPEX,20140120,8.23,8.23,8.23,8.23,0
SPHS,20140120,4.81,4.81,4.81,4.81,0
SPIL,20140120,6.13,6.13,6.13,6.13,0
SPLK,20140120,79.67,79.67,79.67,79.67,0
SPLS,20140120,13.61,13.61,13.61,13.61,0
SPNC,20140120,24.91,24.91,24.91,24.91,0
SPNS,20140120,7.45,7.45,7.45,7.45,0
SPPI,20140120,9.88,9.88,9.88,9.88,0
SPPR,20140120,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.2,0
SPPRO,20140120,15.51,15.51,15.51,15.51,0
SPPRP,20140120,6.15,6.15,6.15,6.15,0
SPRO,20140120,2.41,2.41,2.41,2.41,0
SPRT,20140120,2.98,2.98,2.98,2.98,0
SPSC,20140120,67.47,67.47,67.47,67.47,0
SPTN,20140120,23.74,23.74,23.74,23.74,0
SPU,20140120,1.96,1.96,1.96,1.96,0
SPWR,20140120,33.99,33.99,33.99,33.99,0
SQBG,20140120,5.99,5.99,5.99,5.99,0
SQI,20140120,29.11,29.11,29.11,29.11,0
SQNM,20140120,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,0
SQQQ,20140120,57.24,57.24,57.24,57.24,0
SRCE,20140120,31.93,31.93,31.93,31.93,0
SRCL,20140120,120.09,120.09,120.09,120.09,0
SRDX,20140120,25.23,25.23,25.23,25.23,0
SREV,20140120,8.8,8.8,8.8,8.8,0
SRNE,20140120,8.84,8.84,8.84,8.84,0
SRPT,20140120,26.78,26.78,26.78,26.78,0
SSBI,20140120,10.55,10.55,10.55,10.55,0
SSFN,20140120,4.76,4.76,4.76,4.76,0
SSH,20140120,9.98,9.98,9.98,9.98,0
SSNC,20140120,43.22,43.22,43.22,43.22,0
SSRI,20140120,8.16,8.16,8.16,8.16,0
SSYS,20140120,120.56,120.56,120.56,120.56,0
STAA,20140120,17.5,17.5,17.5,17.5,0
STB,20140120,6.15,6.15,6.15,6.15,0
STBA,20140120,24.64,24.64,24.64,24.64,0
STBZ,20140120,18.08,18.08,18.08,18.08,0
STCK,20140120,17.8,17.8,17.8,17.8,0
STEM,20140120,1.57,1.57,1.57,1.57,0
STFC,20140120,22.16,22.16,22.16,22.16,0
STKL,20140120,10.37,10.37,10.37,10.37,0
STLD,20140120,18.39,18.39,18.39,18.39,0
STLY,20140120,3.83,3.83,3.83,3.83,0
STML,20140120,30.44,30.44,30.44,30.44,0
STMP,20140120,38.4,38.4,38.4,38.4,0
STNR,20140120,51.94,51.94,51.94,51.94,0
STRA,20140120,38.48,38.48,38.48,38.48,0
STRL,20140120,11.27,11.27,11.27,11.27,0
STRM,20140120,6.94,6.94,6.94,6.94,0
STRN,20140120,5,5,5,5,0
STRS,20140120,17.32,17.32,17.32,17.32,0
STRT,20140120,45.25,45.25,45.25,45.25,0
STRZA,20140120,29.4,29.4,29.4,29.4,0
STRZB,20140120,30.05,30.05,30.05,30.05,0
STX,20140120,61.2,61.2,61.2,61.2,0
STXS,20140120,5.33,5.33,5.33,5.33,0
SUBK,20140120,19.92,19.92,19.92,19.92,0
SUMR,20140120,1.96,1.96,1.96,1.96,0
SUNS,20140120,18.27,18.27,18.27,18.27,0
SUPN,20140120,8.47,8.47,8.47,8.47,0
SURG,20140120,3.86,3.86,3.86,3.86,0
SUSQ,20140120,12.76,12.76,12.76,12.76,0
SUTR,20140120,2,2,2,2,0
SVA,20140120,6.85,6.85,6.85,6.85,0
SVBI,20140120,4.96,4.96,4.96,4.96,0
SVVC,20140120,23.97,23.97,23.97,23.97,0
SWHC,20140120,14.28,14.28,14.28,14.28,0
SWIR,20140120,21.77,21.77,21.77,21.77,0
SWKS,20140120,30.53,30.53,30.53,30.53,0
SWSH,20140120,5.7,5.7,5.7,5.7,0
SYBT,20140120,29.71,29.71,29.71,29.71,0
SYKE,20140120,20.86,20.86,20.86,20.86,0
SYMC,20140120,23.27,23.27,23.27,23.27,0
SYMX,20140120,1.22,1.22,1.22,1.22,0
SYNA,20140120,57.99,57.99,57.99,57.99,0
SYNC,20140120,2.57,2.57,2.57,2.57,0
SYNL,20140120,15.5,15.5,15.5,15.5,0
SYNT,20140120,45.59,45.59,45.59,45.59,0
SYPR,20140120,3.14,3.14,3.14,3.14,0
SYUT,20140120,8.74,8.74,8.74,8.74,0
SZYM,20140120,10.36,10.36,10.36,10.36,0
TACT,20140120,12.31,12.31,12.31,12.31,0
TAIT,20140120,1.18,1.18,1.18,1.18,0
TASR,20140120,17.67,17.67,17.67,17.67,0
TAST,20140120,6.35,6.35,6.35,6.35,0
TATT,20140120,8.15,8.15,8.15,8.15,0
TAX,20140120,25.04,25.04,25.04,25.04,0
TAXI,20140120,13.62,13.62,13.62,13.62,0
TAYD,20140120,8.04,8.04,8.04,8.04,0
TBBK,20140120,17.76,17.76,17.76,17.76,0
TBNK,20140120,22.62,22.62,22.62,22.62,0
TCBI,20140120,62.38,62.38,62.38,62.38,0
TCBIL,20140120,22.49,22.49,22.49,22.49,0
TCBIP,20140120,22.91,22.91,22.91,22.91,0
TCBIW,20140120,48.09,48.09,48.09,48.09,0
TCBK,20140120,27.66,27.66,27.66,27.66,0
TCCO,20140120,7.77,7.77,7.77,7.77,0
TCFC,20140120,21.21,21.21,21.21,21.21,0
TCPC,20140120,17.33,17.33,17.33,17.33,0
TCRD,20140120,16.22,16.22,16.22,16.22,0
TCX,20140120,11.82,11.82,11.82,11.82,0
TDIV,20140120,24.62,24.62,24.62,24.62,0
TEAR,20140120,8.64,8.64,8.64,8.64,0
TECD,20140120,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,0
TECH,20140120,95.38,95.38,95.38,95.38,0
TESO,20140120,20.32,20.32,20.32,20.32,0
TESS,20140120,40.04,40.04,40.04,40.04,0
TFM,20140120,36.38,36.38,36.38,36.38,0
TFSL,20140120,11.78,11.78,11.78,11.78,0
TGA,20140120,8.27,8.27,8.27,8.27,0
TGE,20140120,6.96,6.96,6.96,6.96,0
TGLS,20140120,8.94,8.94,8.94,8.94,0
TGTX,20140120,4.94,4.94,4.94,4.94,0
THFF,20140120,33.55,33.55,33.55,33.55,0
THLD,20140120,5.36,5.36,5.36,5.36,0
THOR,20140120,37.32,37.32,37.32,37.32,0
THRM,20140120,25.97,25.97,25.97,25.97,0
THRX,20140120,38.14,38.14,38.14,38.14,0
THST,20140120,4.9,4.9,4.9,4.9,0
THTI,20140120,1,1,1,1,0
TICC,20140120,10.43,10.43,10.43,10.43,0
TIGR,20140120,1.73,1.73,1.73,1.73,0
TILE,20140120,21.6,21.6,21.6,21.6,0
TINY,20140120,3.09,3.09,3.09,3.09,0
TIPT,20140120,7.65,7.65,7.65,7.65,0
TISA,20140120,5.57,5.57,5.57,5.57,0
TITN,20140120,17.7,17.7,17.7,17.7,0
TIVO,20140120,12.96,12.96,12.96,12.96,0
TKMR,20140120,12.73,12.73,12.73,12.73,0
TLF,20140120,9.38,9.38,9.38,9.38,0
TLOG,20140120,12.25,12.25,12.25,12.25,0
TNAV,20140120,6.19,6.19,6.19,6.19,0
TNDM,20140120,26.97,26.97,26.97,26.97,0
TNGO,20140120,19.19,19.19,19.19,19.19,0
TNXP,20140120,15.45,15.45,15.45,15.45,0
TOPS,20140120,12.25,12.25,12.25,12.25,0
TORM,20140120,10.62,10.62,10.62,10.62,0
TOWN,20140120,15.39,15.39,15.39,15.39,0
TQNT,20140120,8.8,8.8,8.8,8.8,0
TQQQ,20140120,61.665,61.665,61.665,61.665,0
TRAK,20140120,47.91,47.91,47.91,47.91,0
TRCB,20140120,7.3,7.3,7.3,7.3,0
TRCH,20140120,4.86,4.86,4.86,4.86,0
TREE,20140120,32.44,32.44,32.44,32.44,0
TRGT,20140120,4.81,4.81,4.81,4.81,0
TRIB,20140120,27.71,27.71,27.71,27.71,0
TRIP,20140120,83.9,83.9,83.9,83.9,0
TRMB,20140120,34.08,34.08,34.08,34.08,0
TRMK,20140120,26.33,26.33,26.33,26.33,0
TRNS,20140120,8.69,8.69,8.69,8.69,0
TRNX,20140120,18.98,18.98,18.98,18.98,0
TROV,20140120,6.12,6.12,6.12,6.12,0
TROVW,20140120,3.95,3.95,3.95,3.95,0
TROW,20140120,82.28,82.28,82.28,82.28,0
TRS,20140120,38.85,38.85,38.85,38.85,0
TRST,20140120,6.97,6.97,6.97,6.97,0
TSBK,20140120,10.26,10.26,10.26,10.26,0
TSC,20140120,13.45,13.45,13.45,13.45,0
TSCO,20140120,74.17,74.17,74.17,74.17,0
TSEM,20140120,6.36,6.36,6.36,6.36,0
TSLA,20140120,170.01,170.01,170.01,170.01,0
TSRA,20140120,18.01,18.01,18.01,18.01,0
TSRE,20140120,6.91,6.91,6.91,6.91,0
TSRI,20140120,3.25,3.25,3.25,3.25,0
TSRO,20140120,32.82,32.82,32.82,32.82,0
TST,20140120,2.74,2.74,2.74,2.74,0
TSYS,20140120,2.46,2.46,2.46,2.46,0
TTEC,20140120,23,23,23,23,0
TTEK,20140120,29.91,29.91,29.91,29.91,0
TTGT,20140120,6.96,6.96,6.96,6.96,0
TTHI,20140120,7.2,7.2,7.2,7.2,0
TTMI,20140120,8.12,8.12,8.12,8.12,0
TTPH,20140120,15.51,15.51,15.51,15.51,0
TTS,20140120,16.99,16.99,16.99,16.99,0
TTWO,20140120,17.05,17.05,17.05,17.05,0
TUES,20140120,13.2,13.2,13.2,13.2,0
TVIX,20140120,6.83,6.83,6.83,6.83,0
TVIZ,20140120,34.47,34.47,34.47,34.47,0
TWER,20140120,2.94,2.94,2.94,2.94,0
TWIN,20140120,27.2,27.2,27.2,27.2,0
TWMC,20140120,4.18,4.18,4.18,4.18,0
TXN,20140120,43.45,43.45,43.45,43.45,0
TXRH,20140120,25.99,25.99,25.99,25.99,0
TYPE,20140120,31.23,31.23,31.23,31.23,0
TZOO,20140120,22.73,22.73,22.73,22.73,0
UACL,20140120,31.51,31.51,31.51,31.51,0
UBCP,20140120,9,9,9,9,0
UBFO,20140120,5.05,5.05,5.05,5.05,0
UBIC,20140120,5,5,5,5,0
UBNK,20140120,18.94,18.94,18.94,18.94,0
UBNT,20140120,44.33,44.33,44.33,44.33,0
UBOH,20140120,15.25,15.25,15.25,15.25,0
UBSH,20140120,24.25,24.25,24.25,24.25,0
UBSI,20140120,29.95,29.95,29.95,29.95,0
UCBA,20140120,10.77,10.77,10.77,10.77,0
UCBI,20140120,18.08,18.08,18.08,18.08,0
UCFC,20140120,3.63,3.63,3.63,3.63,0
UCTT,20140120,11.42,11.42,11.42,11.42,0
UEIC,20140120,36.71,36.71,36.71,36.71,0
UEPS,20140120,8.64,8.64,8.64,8.64,0
UFCS,20140120,27.07,27.07,27.07,27.07,0
UFPI,20140120,51.94,51.94,51.94,51.94,0
UFPT,20140120,26.02,26.02,26.02,26.02,0
UG,20140120,27.9,27.9,27.9,27.9,0
UGLD,20140120,14.43,14.43,14.43,14.43,0
UHAL,20140120,239.57,239.57,239.57,239.57,0
UIHC,20140120,13.65,13.65,13.65,13.65,0
ULBI,20140120,3.57,3.57,3.57,3.57,0
ULTA,20140120,83.56,83.56,83.56,83.56,0
ULTI,20140120,157.05,157.05,157.05,157.05,0
ULTR,20140120,3.68,3.68,3.68,3.68,0
UMBF,20140120,64.88,64.88,64.88,64.88,0
UMPQ,20140120,18.4,18.4,18.4,18.4,0
UNAM,20140120,13.01,13.01,13.01,13.01,0
UNB,20140120,24.6,24.6,24.6,24.6,0
UNFI,20140120,73.71,73.71,73.71,73.71,0
UNIS,20140120,4.94,4.94,4.94,4.94,0
UNTD,20140120,13.24,13.24,13.24,13.24,0
UNTY,20140120,7.67,7.67,7.67,7.67,0
UNXL,20140120,10.34,10.34,10.34,10.34,0
UPI,20140120,3.62,3.62,3.62,3.62,0
UPIP,20140120,1.58,1.58,1.58,1.58,0
URBN,20140120,37.02,37.02,37.02,37.02,0
URRE,20140120,3.68,3.68,3.68,3.68,0
USAK,20140120,14,14,14,14,0
USAP,20140120,34.25,34.25,34.25,34.25,0
USAT,20140120,2.17,2.17,2.17,2.17,0
USATP,20140120,19.5,19.5,19.5,19.5,0
USBI,20140120,7.71,7.71,7.71,7.71,0
USCR,20140120,21.97,21.97,21.97,21.97,0
USEG,20140120,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.6,0
USLM,20140120,56.55,56.55,56.55,56.55,0
USLV,20140120,51.02,51.02,51.02,51.02,0
USMD,20140120,18.35,18.35,18.35,18.35,0
USTR,20140120,45,45,45,45,0
UTEK,20140120,26.38,26.38,26.38,26.38,0
UTHR,20140120,110.92,110.92,110.92,110.92,0
UTIW,20140120,17.2,17.2,17.2,17.2,0
UTMD,20140120,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,0
UTSI,20140120,2.58,2.58,2.58,2.58,0
UVSP,20140120,19.19,19.19,19.19,19.19,0
VALU,20140120,14.66,14.66,14.66,14.66,0
VASC,20140120,24.33,24.33,24.33,24.33,0
VBFC,20140120,27.68,27.68,27.68,27.68,0
VCIT,20140120,83.91,83.91,83.91,83.91,0
VCLT,20140120,84.97,84.97,84.97,84.97,0
VCSH,20140120,79.94,79.94,79.94,79.94,0
VCYT,20140120,16.3,16.3,16.3,16.3,0
VDSI,20140120,7.56,7.56,7.56,7.56,0
VECO,20140120,35.21,35.21,35.21,35.21,0
VGIT,20140120,63.2,63.2,63.2,63.2,0
VGLT,20140120,66.41,66.41,66.41,66.41,0
VGSH,20140120,60.82,60.82,60.82,60.82,0
VIA,20140120,83.28,83.28,83.28,83.28,0
VIAB,20140120,83.08,83.08,83.08,83.08,0
VIAS,20140120,13.09,13.09,13.09,13.09,0
VICL,20140120,1.66,1.66,1.66,1.66,0
VICR,20140120,12.23,12.23,12.23,12.23,0
VIDE,20140120,3.86,3.86,3.86,3.86,0
VIDI,20140120,24.12,24.12,24.12,24.12,0
VIEW,20140120,2.41,2.41,2.41,2.41,0
VIIX,20140120,55.5,55.5,55.5,55.5,0
VIIZ,20140120,21.78,21.78,21.78,21.78,0
VIMC,20140120,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,0
VIP,20140120,12.43,12.43,12.43,12.43,0
VIRC,20140120,2.65,2.65,2.65,2.65,0
VISN,20140120,24.61,24.61,24.61,24.61,0
VIVO,20140120,26.12,26.12,26.12,26.12,0
VLCCF,20140120,10.21,10.21,10.21,10.21,0
VLGEA,20140120,29.82,29.82,29.82,29.82,0
VLTC,20140120,4.22,4.22,4.22,4.22,0
VLYWW,20140120,0.28,0.28,0.28,0.28,0
VMBS,20140120,51.54,51.54,51.54,51.54,0
VNDA,20140120,13.27,13.27,13.27,13.27,0
VNET,20140120,23.56,23.56,23.56,23.56,0
VNQI,20140120,53.97,53.97,53.97,53.97,0
VNR,20140120,29.64,29.64,29.64,29.64,0
VNRAP,20140120,26.21,26.21,26.21,26.21,0
VOD,20140120,39.23,39.23,39.23,39.23,0
VOLC,20140120,21,21,21,21,0
VONE,20140120,84.81,84.81,84.81,84.81,0
VONG,20140120,87.8,87.8,87.8,87.8,0
VONV,20140120,82.17,82.17,82.17,82.17,0
VOXX,20140120,14.09,14.09,14.09,14.09,0
VPFG,20140120,26.01,26.01,26.01,26.01,0
VRA,20140120,24.48,24.48,24.48,24.48,0
VRML,20140120,2.82,2.82,2.82,2.82,0
VRNG,20140120,3.18,3.18,3.18,3.18,0
VRNGW,20140120,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.15,0
VRNT,20140120,47.68,47.68,47.68,47.68,0
VRSK,20140120,63.45,63.45,63.45,63.45,0
VRSN,20140120,61.89,61.89,61.89,61.89,0
VRTA,20140120,1.76,1.76,1.76,1.76,0
VRTB,20140120,6.92,6.92,6.92,6.92,0
VRTS,20140120,200.82,200.82,200.82,200.82,0
VRTU,20140120,34.83,34.83,34.83,34.83,0
VRTX,20140120,82.09,82.09,82.09,82.09,0
VSAT,20140120,62.43,62.43,62.43,62.43,0
VSCI,20140120,1.36,1.36,1.36,1.36,0
VSCP,20140120,4.05,4.05,4.05,4.05,0
VSEC,20140120,48.85,48.85,48.85,48.85,0
VSTM,20140120,14.35,14.35,14.35,14.35,0
VTHR,20140120,85.67,85.67,85.67,85.67,0
VTIP,20140120,49.28,49.28,49.28,49.28,0
VTNR,20140120,3.39,3.39,3.39,3.39,0
VTSS,20140120,3.36,3.36,3.36,3.36,0
VTWG,20140120,99.98,99.98,99.98,99.98,0
VTWO,20140120,92.45,92.45,92.45,92.45,0
VTWV,20140120,85.34,85.34,85.34,85.34,0
VVUS,20140120,9.16,9.16,9.16,9.16,0
VWOB,20140120,77.15,77.15,77.15,77.15,0
VXUS,20140120,51.83,51.83,51.83,51.83,0
VYFC,20140120,10.83,10.83,10.83,10.83,0
WABC,20140120,53.32,53.32,53.32,53.32,0
WAFD,20140120,23.06,23.06,23.06,23.06,0
WAFDW,20140120,7.84,7.84,7.84,7.84,0
WASH,20140120,35.01,35.01,35.01,35.01,0
WAVX,20140120,0.95,0.95,0.95,0.95,0
WAYN,20140120,10.71,10.71,10.71,10.71,0
WBB,20140120,13.9,13.9,13.9,13.9,0
WBKC,20140120,22.48,22.48,22.48,22.48,0
WBMD,20140120,49.56,49.56,49.56,49.56,0
WDC,20140120,88.82,88.82,88.82,88.82,0
WDFC,20140120,71.86,71.86,71.86,71.86,0
WEBK,20140120,19.79,19.79,19.79,19.79,0
WEN,20140120,8.98,8.98,8.98,8.98,0
WERN,20140120,25.47,25.47,25.47,25.47,0
WETF,20140120,17.23,17.23,17.23,17.23,0
WEYS,20140120,27.96,27.96,27.96,27.96,0
WFBI,20140120,15.26,15.26,15.26,15.26,0
WFD,20140120,7.28,7.28,7.28,7.28,0
WFM,20140120,52.31,52.31,52.31,52.31,0
WHF,20140120,14.51,14.51,14.51,14.51,0
WHFBL,20140120,24.16,24.16,24.16,24.16,0
WHLR,20140120,4.56,4.56,4.56,4.56,0
WIBC,20140120,10.55,10.55,10.55,10.55,0
WIFI,20140120,6.3,6.3,6.3,6.3,0
WILC,20140120,8.2,8.2,8.2,8.2,0
WILN,20140120,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.2,0
WIN,20140120,7.9,7.9,7.9,7.9,0
WINA,20140120,82.24,82.24,82.24,82.24,0
WIRE,20140120,56.33,56.33,56.33,56.33,0
WIX,20140120,28.45,28.45,28.45,28.45,0
WLB,20140120,20.15,20.15,20.15,20.15,0
WLBPZ,20140120,34.85,34.85,34.85,34.85,0
WLDN,20140120,4.64,4.64,4.64,4.64,0
WLFC,20140120,17.29,17.29,17.29,17.29,0
WMAR,20140120,13.69,13.69,13.69,13.69,0
WMGI,20140120,31.85,31.85,31.85,31.85,0
WMGIZ,20140120,0.32,0.32,0.32,0.32,0
WOOD,20140120,52.67,52.67,52.67,52.67,0
WOOF,20140120,33.31,33.31,33.31,33.31,0
WPCS,20140120,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.8,0
WPPGY,20140120,111.16,111.16,111.16,111.16,0
WPRT,20140120,19.05,19.05,19.05,19.05,0
WRES,20140120,3.16,3.16,3.16,3.16,0
WRLD,20140120,85.35,85.35,85.35,85.35,0
WSBC,20140120,30.06,30.06,30.06,30.06,0
WSBF,20140120,11.6,11.6,11.6,11.6,0
WSCI,20140120,6.27,6.27,6.27,6.27,0
WSFS,20140120,75.81,75.81,75.81,75.81,0
WSFSL,20140120,25.98,25.98,25.98,25.98,0
WSTC,20140120,25.83,25.83,25.83,25.83,0
WSTG,20140120,14.39,14.39,14.39,14.39,0
WSTL,20140120,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,0
WTBA,20140120,14.83,14.83,14.83,14.83,0
WTFC,20140120,46.01,46.01,46.01,46.01,0
WTFCW,20140120,24.64,24.64,24.64,24.64,0
WTSL,20140120,2.51,2.51,2.51,2.51,0
WVFC,20140120,12.3,12.3,12.3,12.3,0
WVVI,20140120,6.14,6.14,6.14,6.14,0
WWD,20140120,46.23,46.23,46.23,46.23,0
WWWW,20140120,32.13,32.13,32.13,32.13,0
WYNN,20140120,215.7,215.7,215.7,215.7,0
XBKS,20140120,6.01,6.01,6.01,6.01,0
XGTI,20140120,1.62,1.62,1.62,1.62,0
XGTIW,20140120,0.43,0.43,0.43,0.43,0
XIV,20140120,35.53,35.53,35.53,35.53,0
XLNX,20140120,47.22,47.22,47.22,47.22,0
XLRN,20140120,49.14,49.14,49.14,49.14,0
XNCR,20140120,9.71,9.71,9.71,9.71,0
XNPT,20140120,6.48,6.48,6.48,6.48,0
XOMA,20140120,8.2,8.2,8.2,8.2,0
XONE,20140120,57.68,57.68,57.68,57.68,0
XOOM,20140120,25.71,25.71,25.71,25.71,0
XPLR,20140120,6.53,6.53,6.53,6.53,0
XRAY,20140120,47.9,47.9,47.9,47.9,0
XTLB,20140120,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,0
XWES,20140120,4.38,4.38,4.38,4.38,0
XXIA,20140120,12.78,12.78,12.78,12.78,0
YDIV,20140120,19.9,19.9,19.9,19.9,0
YHOO,20140120,40.01,40.01,40.01,40.01,0
YNDX,20140120,43.02,43.02,43.02,43.02,0
YOD,20140120,2.57,2.57,2.57,2.57,0
YORW,20140120,20.9,20.9,20.9,20.9,0
YRCW,20140120,15.82,15.82,15.82,15.82,0
YY,20140120,71.4,71.4,71.4,71.4,0
Z,20140120,85.77,85.77,85.77,85.77,0
ZAGG,20140120,4.29,4.29,4.29,4.29,0
ZAZA,20140120,10.7,10.7,10.7,10.7,0
ZBRA,20140120,53.87,53.87,53.87,53.87,0
ZEUS,20140120,30.43,30.43,30.43,30.43,0
ZGNX,20140120,4.32,4.32,4.32,4.32,0
ZHNE,20140120,5.84,5.84,5.84,5.84,0
ZINC,20140120,16.16,16.16,16.16,16.16,0
ZION,20140120,30.16,30.16,30.16,30.16,0
ZIONW,20140120,6.25,6.25,6.25,6.25,0
ZIOP,20140120,4.77,4.77,4.77,4.77,0
ZIV,20140120,38.73,38.73,38.73,38.73,0
ZIXI,20140120,4.68,4.68,4.68,4.68,0
ZLTQ,20140120,22.09,22.09,22.09,22.09,0
ZN,20140120,1.9,1.9,1.9,1.9,0
ZNGA,20140120,3.55,3.55,3.55,3.55,0
ZU,20140120,41.01,41.01,41.01,41.01,0
ZUMZ,20140120,22.53,22.53,22.53,22.53,0
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Volkswagen found a winning formula with the Passat CC. BMW found a winning formula with the X6. Volkswagen believes it can repeat the success of the Passat CC and create a rival for the BMW X6 with a Touareg CC as AutoBild reports. The car has yet to receive the green light but would be based on the next generation Touareg and no doubt Audi would get a variant as well. Pricing would be in the 52,000 Euro range making this a premium model.
Will it happen? Most likely as the competition is scrambling to come up with an answer to the X6 and Mercedes has already announced their rival, the MLC.
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Lorelei: Vicki--it just isn't f-fair. She goes and finds 'nother T-Troy..even gets k-kissed b'him...then loses him?? She's got all that...science stuff--couldn't she-- Vicki?Oh. That's right. Vicki had a...'date'...with Rusty. At least other-Troy kissed smart-self...kissed me. That's more than Rusty'll get. Gotta go. Phil'll be waiting.
Vicki: Thanks for taking me Christmas window shopping, Rusty. Rusty: We could still see a movie, Vicki. Vicki: Nyahhh. This is fun. Rusty: Different...to see you looking halfway normal..except may the hair..Vicki: Hey, it's the same color as the girl's in Scott Pilgrim. I can change my image to look like anybody...Marilyn Monroe...Katy Perry... Rusty: Just...look, don't touch. Vicki: Ouch.
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Jacobsen: Student athletes “paid” enough (April 8)
Vicky Jacobsen | Monday, April 8, 2013
Do you know what I’m being paid to write this column? Go ahead, guess.
It’s nothing. Nada. The production assistant who made sure the correct jumble and crossword were placed in today’s Observer is probably pretty close to that too.
Students don’t get paid to perform in university-sponsored plays or operas. Marching band members get food money when they travel to away games, but otherwise they wake up campus at 8 a.m. on football Saturdays for the fun of it.
So you’ll excuse me if I don’t buy into the notion that college athletes are victims of exploitation just because they aren’t getting a salary.
For one thing, it’s patently ridiculous to say student athletes aren’t getting any sort of financial compensation for their time and talent. Ladies and gentlemen, that’s what a college scholarship is. (Interestingly, I’ve never heard anyone complain about the exploitation of athletes in Division III or Ivy League competition, where athlete scholarships are not allowed.)
An athletic scholarship is worth up to $200,000 plus the lifetime of increased earning potential that comes with a college degree. If that doesn’t constitute fair payment, what exactly would?
Perhaps “fair” would be a payment based on athletic department revenue. If that were the case, a lot of athletes would end up owing money to their ADs: in 2009, only 14 of the 120 FBS schools made a profit from their athletic programs. If college athletics is the big business that a lot of people claim it is, it isn’t a very lucrative one.
Now I’m not claiming that everything is just as it should be in college sports. I would be the last one crying if we were to throw out the NCAA rulebook and start all over again. Until someone can explain why football players get goodie bags at bowl games but cross country runners lose their eligibility if they accept a prize offered for winning a summertime road race, I have no use for that organization. And I don’t know if there are any other countries on earth where a football or basketball coach can be the best-paid public servant in a state or province.
The solution, however, is not to pay football players so that their income is closer to that of their coaches, but to stop paying coaches millions of dollars. Perhaps Maryland would’ve been able to save several of the seven varsity programs terminated in 2012 if the Terps hadn’t paid former football coach Ralph Friedgen $1.75 million a year even after he was fired. It’s a thought.
There are dozens of other reasons why paying college athletes is unneeded and unreasonable. Where is the money for these salaries coming from, especially for the 106 FBS programs already hemorrhaging money? It’s unfair if a volleyball player gets paid the same as A.J. McCarron, since he brings in more money to his school. But pay them different amounts, and you’ve got a Title IX nightmare. A lot of non-athletes already complain about the perks that athletes get – do we really need to deepen that divide? And don’t think a star running back will turn down a free car just because he’s getting, say, 10 grand a year for football.
But most importantly, student athletes shouldn’t be paid because they’re not professionals. They do not have to play in college. If they have the talent and desire, they could get paid to play basketball in Greece. They could be in Q-school or minor league baseball or the D-league. They could train for the Olympics or play pro tennis in Europe. I’m sure a football agent would bankroll a football player if he just wanted to train for a year before he was eligible for the draft.
If they felt like they were not getting what they wanted out of their college experience, they could transfer or quit, just like I could stop writing for The Observer if I wanted to.
But they continue to play for the same reasons the rest of us drop so much time on our activities: because we’re learning things that might help us in our chosen professions. Because we’re giving back to our school. Because we value the friends we’ve made along the way.
And, most of all, because we genuinely enjoy it.
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RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Electromagnetic characterization of millimetre-scale replicas of the gyroid photonic crystal found in the butterfly Parides sesostris JF Interface Focus JO Interface Focus FD The Royal Society SP 645 OP 650 DO 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0091 VO 2 IS 5 A1 Pouya, C. A1 Vukusic, P. YR 2012 UL http://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/5/645.abstract AB We have used three-dimensional stereolithography to synthetically replicate the gyroid photonic crystal (PC) structure that occurs naturally in the butterfly Parides sesostris. We have experimentally characterized the transmission response of this structure in the microwave regime at two azimuthal angles (ϕ) over a comprehensive range of polar angles (θ). We have modelled its electromagnetic response using the finite-element method (FEM) and found excellent agreement with experimental data. Both theory and experiment show a single relatively broad transmission minimum at normal incidence (θ = 0°) that comprises several narrow band resonances which separate into clearly identifiable stop-bands at higher polar angles. We have identified the specific effective geometric planes within the crystal, and their associated periodicities that give rise to each of these stop-bands. Through extensive theoretical FEM modelling of the gyroid PC structure, using varying filling fractions of material and air, we have shown that a gyroid PC with material volume fraction of 40 per cent is appropriate for optimizing the reflected bandwidth at normal incidence (for a refractive index contrast of 1.56). This is the same gyroid PC material volume fraction used by the butterfly P. sesostris itself to produce its green structurally coloured appearance. This infers further optimization of this biological PC beyond that of its lattice constant alone. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8636394143104553}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '2892', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EVE7GSHZI2Y5HQMA6W6EZYZGC7ZSJ6P2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:586bcab2-6314-4319-80c6-d6662e0ad076>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 22, 2, 47, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.16.215.19', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/plain', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:X7AOFQ4F7WE7F77UNWHYHRUMCBAYEHRQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:110012ad-4a60-4ad2-b5d7-21f5c3682fa1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/highwire/citation/2264/refworks-tagged', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e0deca45-de95-4514-9b8f-9b6ad2fd96a9>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '257', 'url': 'http://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/highwire/citation/2264/refworks-tagged', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-142-185-151.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02496260404586792', 'original_id': '18ab9971d38a07a18861834109a90fd3bf574084c2cc82c87b2c13e6eec2c8d0'} |
THE TOPEKA DAILY STATE JOURNAL THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1920 LINCOLN WOMAN Says Life Was Miserable For Three Years. Again Well and Happy She Gives Tanlac Credit, "I was so helpless I could hardly raise my hand to my head but since taking Tanlac I am perfectly well and for the first time in three years am able to do my housework," was the statement made recently by Mrs. H. L. Becker, of 229 North Twelfth Street, Lincoln, Neb. "What I have done through with during the past three years makes me shudder to think about it for my health was so miserable life seemed hardly worth living. I had an operation which left me in an awful run-down condition and for quite a while I was too weak to even walk. My stomach was left badly upset and I had almost no appetite at all and just seemed unable to get back my strength. My head ached so bad it nearly drove me frantic and at times I had such blinding dizzy spells I couldn't stand up. My nerves were all unstrung and I would jump at the slightest unexpected noise. I had terrible pains in my back and whenever I was able to walk I just had to limp around. My arms and shoulders also hurt me awfully and sometimes I wasn't able to raise my hands to comb my hair. At night I was able to rest but little and sometimes I could not get to sleep until after four o'clock in the morning. It was impossible for me to do a bit of my housework and I was simply..." In constant pain and suffering and was almost ready to give up in despair. "But I am so glad I noticed a statement about Tanlac from a person who was suffering like I was for what she said seemed so sincere I made up my mind to try it at once. Right away I could tell I was on the road to recovery for my appetite returned and what I had agreed with me and began to give me strength and energy. It wasn't very long until my nerves were quiet and I was sleeping sound at night. The pains left my legs, shoulders, and arms and I was no longer troubled with headaches or dizzy spells. I have now gained ten pounds in weight and feel as well and strong as I ever did in my life. I just can't tell how glad I am to give this statement for that is the way I learned about Tanlac and I love to let others know about it." Tanlac is sold in Topeka by Tully McKnrland Drug Co., 35 Kansas Ave., and 7 J 9 Kansas Ave. Adv. Suits Shirts Underwear Hats Neckwear Pants Suit Cases Traveling Bags at Discount Buy Your Summer Needs Now! Save! Save! Save! I Corner 8th and Kansas Ave. N. P. UNCHARGES J. O. Stevick Calls on State to Prosecute Egging Party. Guilty of Assault, Kidnapping and Robbery, He Says. WRITES LETTER TO GOVERNOR Offers Evidence to Show Mob Violence Premeditated. TRY STATE JOURNAL, WANT AD, Cites Ouster Against Sheriff We As President, charges of assault and battery, kidnapping, and "robbery in the first degree" against the men who broke up the picnic at Ellinwood and subjected Nonpartisan League representatives to innumerable indignities were contained in a letter written by J. O. Stevic, state manager of the league, to Governor Allen, made public today. Stevic framed the implication as follows: "I understand the parties composing the Kiinwood-Great Bend models are guilty of three distinct crimes: "1. Under Sec. 3004, Gen. Stats. Kansas, 1915, for assault and battery, where punishment is not more than one year in prison. "2. Under Sec. 3406, Gen. Stats. Kansas, 1915, for kidnapping, where the punishment is five to ten years in the penitentiary. "3. Under Sec. 3443, Gen. Stats. Kansas, 1915, for robbery in the first degree, where the punishment is ten to twenty years in the penitentiary. "The county parties should be prosecuted on all three of these charges," Stevic declared. Inference may be drawn from the letter that it is the intention of the league to prefer charges and push prosecution. Stevic's Letter in Full. Stevic's entire letter to Governor Allen follows: "On the first day of June, 1920, in Kiinwood, Kansas, there was a picnic held by the farmers of that and adjoining counties for the purpose of becoming acquainted and listening to an address by a speaker for the National Non-partisan League, a farmers' political organization being organized in thirteen states, including Kansas. While the effort was in progress about 100 men, representing themselves to be ex-service men in the United States army, came to the grounds and forceably seized the Person or waiter inomas aims, who was scheduled to speak to the farmers, and attempted to place him in a waiting automobile. A scuffle ensued between the farmers and the alleged ex-service men and Mr. Mills was rescued from the mob and placed in a friendly car, when the sheriff of Barton county arrived on the scene. The sheriff was requested to give the aged speaker and his party protection from the mobsters, but refused to do so or to swear in deputies to assist him in maintaining order. The outer guard, Mr. Mills, and his friends out of the park, and forced them to leave their friends and take to the highway, where the mob surrounded their car, took charge of it, and drove with them to Great Bend, where they marched and robbed, herded in the stockyards pen, egged, and made to suffer other indignities, with the knowledge of the peace officers of Barton county. Now this seems to constitute such a violation of the duties of his office as a peace officer, as should warrant proceeding, against the sheriff to oust him from trust. You will direct the institution of the necessary act; and, as a precedent, I respectfully will your attention to the action of Mr. H. Clint Webb, sheriff of Crawford county, in permitting Alex Lowat to talk from the balcony of the jail to a crowd of workmen who had come to call on him, which action, as was adjudged, was sufficient to warrant the bringing of overt proceedings against him, and for which action he resigned before the case could be heard. The present case to which I call your attention was very flagrant indeed, and very much stronger than the Webb case. I understand the parties composing the Fillmore-Great Herd mob are guilty of three distinct crimes, robbery: 1. Under Sec. 404, Gen. Stats. Kansas, for assault and battery, were punishment is not more than one year in prison. Under Sec. 1400, Gen. Stats. Kansas. 1015. for kidnapping, where the punishment is five to ten years in the penitentiary. Under Sec. 3443, Gen. Stats. Kansas. 1015. robbery in the first degree, where the punishment is ten to twenty years in the penitentiary. The guilty parties should be prosecuted on all three of these charges. You will find enclosed a file similar to the same letter showing premeditated mob violence. NATIONAL NON-PARTISAN LEAGUE, By J. O. Stevens, State Manager. HAS TEN DAYS TO SIGN. The resolution repealing most of the special war time legislation. Washington, June 10. Attorney General Palmer has made an informal ruling which has been communicated to President Wilson that the chief executive has ten days after the adjournment of congress in which to sign bills and resolutions. The ruling may change the status of a number of bills which the president killed by "pocket veto," explaining that he had not had sufficient time in which to consider them. These measures include the waterpower bill and the EAST SIDE NEWS Note and personalities by Mrs. H. A. Adams, Telephone 4683 K-L. Mr. Chris Johnson, Woodruff avenue, will spend the weekend in Kansas City visiting her sister, Mrs. Marie C. Roberts. The Victory Card club will meet this evening at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Nussbeuk in Oak street. Mrs. L. Baird entertained the following members of the L. S. C. club with a fine party at the Novelty theater, Tuesday afternoon: Mrs. S. Atwood, Mrs. John Helfrich, Mrs. James Hise, Mrs. M. Jorgenson, Mrs. A. Hise, Mrs. M. Whitfield, and Mrs. Frank Kendall. The next meeting will be held in two weeks with Mrs. A. Delfosse, 214 Grattan street. Mr. and Mrs. William Price of Williamsburg, Kan., are visiting Mrs. Price's sister, Mrs. C. E. Cox and family. Freeman avenue. Maxwell Peschler is visiting at the home of his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Win. Desnberger, in Freeman avenue. Miss Gindys Peschler of Freeman avenue will spend the weekend with her brother, H. N. Desnberger, K. 27. Mrs. Karl Bergman, 220 Monroe street, was pleasantly surprised Wednesday afternoon by the following friends: Mrs. Chas. Miller, Mrs. W. M. Wade, Mrs. Richard Bergman, Mrs. John Boot, of Kansas City, Mrs. Geo. Hendricks, Miss Irma Hendricks, Miss Lillian Bergman, Mrs. Leopold of Tecumseh, Mrs. Albert Kedstein and daughters, Katherine and Frances of Morrisville, Mrs. W. A. Mann of Kansas City and Mrs. Leo Horacek and son, Junior. Mrs. H. A. Mann, who has been visiting Mr. and Mrs. Karl Bergman, 111 Monroe street, returned to her home in Kansas City Thursday. Miss Lillian Bergman accompanied her home. The Vesta club picnic which was to have been held at Ripley park Friday has been postponed indefinitely. North Topeka News Items for this column may be left at Petro's drug store or telephone Eleanor Kimball, 811 after o'clock. Other hours later. All persons on the program for the Children's day exercises at the North Topeka Baptist church, are asked to come to the church Friday evening at 6:45 for practice. Mrs. J. D. Pratt and Mrs. T. D. Joseph entertained yesterday afternoon at the home of Mrs. Joseph, 921 Lane street. In honor of Mrs. Arthur V. Small, of Augusta, Kan., who, with her daughter, Louise, is the guest of Mrs. Pratt. Notes and Personals. Mrs. Effie Canavan, aged 82, died yesterday afternoon at her home, 1116 Jackson street, after a long illness. She is survived by her husband, C. E. Canavan, and a daughter. The body will be taken to Lawrence today for burial. Mr. and Mrs. James Stevick, 1104 South Tyler street, are the parents of a son, born Wednesday at St. Francis hospital. Mrs. Stevick was formerly Miss Vera Maze. The child is a grandson of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Stevick, 516 Kansas avenue, and of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Maze, of 1432 Quincy street. E. E. Crawford, of 1225 Jackson street, who has been in Texas for the past two weeks looking after his property, has returned. Mrs. Belle Duck, of Holton, Kan., was calling on North side friends last week. Charles H. Kennedy, aged 51, died at his home, 1313 Central avenue, yesterday. He was the father of Mrs. W. F. Bryant. The body will be taken to Alma for burial. S. R. Dexter, undertaker, Lady Assistant, 823 Kansas are. Adv. Miss Margaret F. Tiffany, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Tiffany of 6, and Mrs. R. L. Holt, son of Mr. and Mrs. N. T. Holt, of 710 West Eighth street, were married in Lawrence Tuesday afternoon. The young couple will make their home with Mr. and Mrs. Tiffany for the present. A. M. Petro & Son, Druggists. Adv. Mrs. Frank R. Conwell received word this morning of the death yesterday in Nebraska of her little niece, Juanita Finch, daughter of Mr. Mrs. Harry Finch. Her death followed an attack of scarlet fever. The family were on their way to California for a visit. The telegram gave no particulars. Why Itch and Burn With Skin Diseases? BUNIONS! Pain Stops Instantly Hump Vanishes TRY IT AT MY RISK New, marvelous way to treat bunions. Stops pain instantly, banishes the ugly humpy and tired. Achy, swollen, burning condition. You can wear a smaller shoe with comfort. Test it at my risk. First trial convinces. No clumsy apparatus, no rubber mould or protector, no uncomfortable leather shield or felt pad, no plaster nor mussy salve or liquid. It is PEDOLEINE, The Complete Bunion Treatment. You will say it is wonderful, amazing, so quick, so sure does it act. Don't waste time and money on useless methods. Don't suffer. Try PEDODYNE at my risk. Write today before you do another thing. Just say "I want to try PEDODYNE." Address KAY LABORATORY, Dept. C-311, 538 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois. MY BUNION! MARSHALL'S If you are suffering from a skin condition, try PEDODYNE at my risk. Address KAY LABORATORY, Dept. C-311, 538 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois. There is a way to get rid of the torturous suffering. Those who rely upon local treatment such as ointments, salves, lotions, washes, etc., which are applied to the surface of the skin, will never be free from agonizing skin diseases, because they are going about the treatment just backwards. They are attacking the results of the disorder, and not the disease itself. They are attempting to boil water by applying the heat in the wrong place. These terrifying skin irritations, etc. ema, tetter, boils, pimples, etc. Have their origin in a disordered condition of the blood. They come from a colony of tiny germs which get into the blood and multiply by the million. Do not expect to be cured of any form of skin disease by the use of lozenges, salves, ointments or other local treatment, as such remedies cannot possibly reach the source of the trouble, which is the blood. When any of these symptoms appear on any part of your body, you should take prompt steps to rid the blood of the germs which cause them. And the one remedy which has no equal as a blood cleanser is S. S. S., which is sold by druggists everywhere. Begin taking S. S. S. today, and write a complete history of your case to our Chief Medical Adviser, who will give you special instructions without charge. Write at once to Medical Director, 613 Swift Laboratory, Atlanta, Ga. Adv. To Get Strong and Put on Flesh People who have tried it say that one of the quickest and surest ways in which those who are weak, thin, nervous and run down can grow strong and put on pounds of solid stay-there flesh is to take a 5-grain tablet of Blood-Iron Phosphate with each meal. This is doubtless due to the well-known fact that Blood-Iron Phosphate quickly builds up depleted nervous energy and at the same time supplies the Iron necessary to make rich, red strength building blood. If you are weak, thin, nervous, or are larking in the old time vigor, endurance and optimism, go to Geo. W. Stansfield or any other good druggist and get enough Blood-Iron Phosphate to last three weeks and take as directed. If at the end of three weeks you don't feel one hundred percent better and aren't in every way satisfied you can have your money back for the asking. Fair, isn't it? Better try it today. Adv. UP THE We polish, clean, slick the car all up, reasonably and thoroughly. Auto Parts Co. 5th and Quincy Phone 1048 For Three Years CHALMERS Has Led All Motor Car Design WITH ITS HOT SPOT AND RAM'S-HORN The public the country over now accepts Hot Spot and Ram'horn, and in accepting them the public pays Chalmers a nation-wide tribute. For when the great American jury endorses a principle it means other makers must follow that principle. In this way Chalmers has been awarded an engineering leadership. Just what Hot Spot and Ram'horn accomplish and how they do it has been told many times, but no other maker has yet found a way to improve upon them. Hot Spot vaporizes the M raw, heavy, inferior gasoline of the day into a "fine cloud." Ram'horn rushes it at a velocity of 100 miles an hour through "easy air bends" to each cylinder, equidistant from Hot Spot. One without the other would be ineffective. Playing together they lift Chalmers to a high peak of efficiency. The reward has been the ever growing opinion of the public that Chalmers is one of the few great cars of the world. L. F. BUTLER MOTOR CO. 1017 Kansas Ave., Phone 5842 Sure Relief INDIGESTION 6 Bell-anis Sure Relief ,E LL-AWS FOR INDIGESTION ran The powerful, immediate worth of HOT-SPOONING LIVER; patches of Your daily, Tom, butler. Tully-McFarland Drug Co., Cincinnati Drue Co., A. C. Klmeaman & Co., Klin ea Drue Co., Hoover. WANTED Every reader of this paper to know that the Reiner's Shoe Repair Factory has changed hands. We are still on the job, and will consider it a privilege to serve you. Star Shoe Shop Satisfactory. Serviceable Shoe Repairing Joseph J. DeKrell, Proprietor Successor to Mr. Geo. Keuter Pianos, Pianos, and Musical Instruments SALE We are aiming to give you Quality and Service by keeping Reliable Goods only in our store. Auburn Tires are Tested and their contents are Certified. Come in and look them over before you purchase. Efficient Road Service Honest Prices Best of Repairs Only. Ehrlich-Haily Tire Company 218 W. 8th St. Phone 1790. Black 4605. Henry Ford Says "Get a battery for yourself in the shape of a bank account, and see that day by day something is stored up for the time when either your producing mechanism may be incapacitated or be worn beyond repair." The small amount of $2.55 laid away regularly each month in our savings account, at our present rate of interest compounded monthly in three years amounts to $100. WHY NOT BEGIN SAVING NOW? Capitol Building & Loan Association Our Resources $3,500,000. Interest starts with deposit of $134 Kansas Ave. Cost No More Than Ordinary Makes TIRE and tube construction, in the modern Pennsylvania plant, has been advanced to a science by skilled, well-paid, enthusiastic workers. Great production impetus is achieved by every practical, up-to-the-minute time-and labor-saving device. This ever-growing volume is marketed under a zone selling system which combines the utmost efficiency with the greatest merchandising economy. Because of these facts, tire and tube users can buy Vacuum Cup Cord and Fabric Tires and "Ton Tested" Tubes with the positive assurance that they cost no more than ordinary makes. Your local Pennsylvania dealer will gladly prove these assertions. Adjustment basis per warranty tag attached to each casing. Vacuum Cup Fabric Tires, 6,000 Miles. Vacuum Cup Cord Tires, 9,000 Miles. PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER COMPANY, Jeannette, Pa. Tupw$? far the QUAMTY' -r Distributors o il Co. Pennsylvania Vacuum Cup Tires Tenth and Topeka Ave. Fourth and Quincy St 2504 E. Sixth St. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn82016014_1920-06-10_1_3_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '3127', 'token_count': '4368', '__index_level_0__': '7281', 'original_id': 'ea59d5cbca3655c518384ad374a325a1d69bc6d095a6bef69696ca7248a19608'} |
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Scolari's fortunes take a dive
On a slightly anti-climactic night in Munich, at least we found out where diving comes from. Apparently, it's as Portuguese as Men O' War, Nelly Furtado and Nando's chicken.
In fact, the great explorer Ferdinand Magellan discovered it in the early 16th century as he circumnavigated the globe on a route that passed suspiciously close to the port of Buenos Aires. Tragedy prevented Magellan from bringing it back to Portugal in person when he went down under minimal contact from a Filipino spear during the battle of Mactan in 1521.
As the world's football folk berated Big Phil Scolari's men for their outrageous gamesmanship, they conveniently forgot generations of World Cup theatrics.
Jürgen Klinsmann has been one of this tournament's heroic figures but had a reputation so bad that the only way he could win over English fans after signing for Tottenham was to lampoon himself with a diving goal celebration.
To use a couple of more recent examples, what about Fabio Grosso infuriating the Aussies by legging himself up on a prostrate Lucas Neill, or Thierry Henry clutching his face after a shoulder in the chest from Carles Puyol? Both men will play in Sunday's final, yet somehow they escaped the universal condemnation heaped on the Portuguese.
The problem is not that Portugal are so good at diving, it is that they are so bad at it. We are swift to praise 'clever' forwards provoking and then going down under an innocuous challenge, but Scolari's players have been so brazen they merely look ridiculous.
Several thousand England fans who had bought their semi-final tickets before Saturday's defeat to Portugal turned up anyway, and took great delight in booing Cristiano Ronaldo's every touch following his altercation with Wayne Rooney.
The soon-to-be-ex-Manchester United winger responded with a superb performance as he tormented the increasingly nervy full-backs with unusually direct and incisive runs.
However, the English boos were soon accompanied by French whistles and jeers as Ronaldo flung himself to the deck at every opportunity. On one occasion he launched himself, Superman-style, past two defenders who looked on, bemused, as the Portuguese players screamed for a penalty.
The blue-clad hordes responded with derision and disgust. Cross-channel relations may be at a low ebb, with Jacques Chirac and Tony Blair rarely seeing eye to eye, but on the subject of Ronaldo's theatrics there is genuine entente cordiale.
He was not alone in the diving stakes, as Pauleta produced a couple of pearlers while Hélder Postiga chipped in with a scarcely-believable effort of his own. It was unedifying stuff that could be snuffed out if FIFA reviewed game tapes and dished out an automatic one-match ban to anyone found guilty of a clear dive.
It all ended in tears for Ronaldo, who since 2004 has produced more televised crying than the entire cast of EastEnders. It might sound like heresy but the result was tough on him. He was the game's outstanding player and just about Portugal's only attacking threat.
Pauleta is past his best and patently not up to the job, particularly playing up front on his own, while Hélder Postiga showed exactly why Pauleta still gets in the team. Cross after cross was aimed towards the danger area, where a couple of men in dark red ambled around while an unruffled Lilian Thuram headed the ball clear. It said it all when Scolari resorted to deploying centre-back Fernando Meira as a makeshift striker in a tactic Chelsea fans would have recognised as 'Operation Huth'.
For the first time since they laboured past Togo, France went into the game as favourites and it is no coincidence that they produced their worst performance since the group stage. On 37 minutes Henry made the most of a clumsy Ricardo Carvalho challenge and Zinedine Zidane walloped home the penalty.
The Arsenal skipper's plummet to the turf enraged Scolari. Given his own players' tendency to invent rather than exaggerate fouls, Long John Silver had more of a leg to stand on than the Brazilian.
Five days earlier England's players were intimidated by the occasion when they faced Ricardo from 12 yards. The steely-eyed Zidane had no such problem. For the fifth time out of five at this World Cup Ricardo got his hand on a penalty but Zidane struck it with sufficient conviction and direction for the ball to nestle in the corner.
Game over, it seemed. Portugal were bereft of ideas when forced to make the running against ten-man England and proved even more hopeless against a full complement of Frenchmen.
But France sat back, as they had done against Korea in the group. On that occasion Park Ji-Sung smuggled in an equaliser with the Asians' only meaningful attempt on goal, but les Bleus refused to learn, retreating further and further into their own half.
Fabien Barthez had faced only ten shots in five games before the semi-final, but it was only a matter of time until he produced a blunder of epic proportions. It came 13 minutes from time when Ronaldo spanked a long-range free-kick at his chest.
Barthez scooped the ball in the air like a beach volleyball player setting the ball for his (or her) team-mate to smash. But instead of a lithe young thing in a bikini, the ball was met by the creaking, ancient head of Luis Figo who, rather than propelling the ball downwards into the empty net, sent it looping over the bar.
It was some let-off, followed by the most concrete example yet of improved team spirit in the French camp. Grégory Coupet briefly walked out of the squad when he discovered he would be back-up to Barthez, but now he was defending his calamitous compadre from the bench, motioning with his hands to suggest Ronaldo's arrow-straight free-kick had swerved wickedly in the air.
Against Italy there will be no such reprieves. The bookies rate France as marginal underdogs, a status they will enjoy following their brilliant displays against Spain and Brazil.
But while the pressure was off in those two games, the team now shoulders the huge expectations of a belatedly but now unshakeably confident French nation. 'The goal of their lives' screamed the front page of L'Equipe, which elsewhere talked about 'the force of destiny'.
It will be farewell to Zidane, the pre-eminent footballer of his generation. Farewell to the international stage for Thuram, who has also defied age to reproduce the best form of his life. Farewell to Barthez, as erratic and charismatic as he has ever been. Farewell to Makelele, whose medal will make him the envy of his show-pony Chelsea team-mates.
Above all, it will be a chance for a generation of players to sign off in the most spectacular manner possible, with a World Cup victory nobody thought they could achieve.
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onShow: function () {
app.setNavigationBarTitle('我的资料');
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Based on this suggestion, I want to edit /etc/default/grub to add the line:
However, I don't have that file on my system. What should I do?
share|improve this question
Do you have the grub package installed? Did you remove the file earlier? – Gilles Jul 18 '11 at 19:25
i just known f15 not use grub2 and it cant config to /etc/default/grub – asdf Jul 18 '11 at 19:35
3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Well /etc/default is a Debian/Ubuntu thing, so you're unlikely to find it in Fedora.
You don't need it though - just add the option to the command line for the current entries in grub.conf and Fedora will preserve it when installing new kernels.
share|improve this answer
An anonymous user suggests that since Fedora 18, there is now a file /etc/default/grub, similar to the one in Debian/Ubuntu. (Dear anonymous user: this should have been submitted as an answer, not by editing an existing answer.) – Gilles Jan 8 '13 at 9:38
Maybe you want to change /boot/grub/grub.conf?
share|improve this answer
Fedora 15 uses grub2. You should have /etc/grub.conf symlinked to /boot/grub/menu.lst
share|improve this answer
No it doesn't. Fedora 16 will likely use grub2, but Fedora 15 still uses grub 0.97. – TomH Jul 19 '11 at 12:41
grub 0.97 is a prerelease version of grub2 – hildred Dec 26 '13 at 21:58
Your Answer
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Binance Coin
$30.92 -2.10%
BNB · 44w
Binance fee calculation BNB conversion rates
According to the [explanation](, the rate for converting the trade receivable to BNB is updated every second. Questions: 1. How do we concretely get this rate through the API? 2. How is the "market price" written in same section determined? Is it going to be a market order to yield BNB? Or will the rate be something like the mean of the current bid and ask? Or the last done price?
Go to self.BinanceExchange
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Ohio’s Tallest Building Up for Sale
The tallest building in The Buckeye State is now on the market. Downtown Cleveland’s Key Tower is part of a three-property portfolio that its Atlanta-based owner hopes to sell late this year or early 2016.
Columbia Property Trust Inc. announced its intention to sell the three properties last week. In addition to the Key Center, the other two assets are the 653,000-square-foot 100 East Pratt in Baltimore and the 961,000-square-foot 80 Park Plaza in Newark. Columbia said that it expects to get between $900 million and $1 billion for both.
The 57-story skyscraper, which opened in the early 1990′s in Cleveland’s Public Square, will be sold alongside its adjoining Key Center Marriott. The entire complex offers 1.3 million square feet of office space, 400 hotel rooms and an underground parking garage for 900 cars. KeyBank is the property’s anchor tenant and has recently signed a 15-year expansion. Other tenants include the law firms of Squire Patton Boggs, Thompson Hine, and BakerHostetler, which plans to move in in the next several months.
Columbia did not announce a price for the office-hotel complex it purchased back in 2005.
“Our focus is on generating long-term total shareholder returns with an emphasis on growing net asset value. We believe that the dramatic portfolio transformation we have accomplished since late 2011 has positioned us to better achieve those returns,” Nelson Mills, president & CEO of Columbia, said in a statement. “With these planned transactions, we will further reduce our exposure to non-target markets and generate substantial proceeds that will allow us to continue building a strong presence in our key markets, repay short-term borrowings, and make additional investments that add value – by repurchasing our stock and/or by sourcing acquisitions in key markets.”
The sale is part of Columbia’s strategy to focus on properties in more profitable markets. In 2011, the company held properties in 33 markets. Now, its portfolio includes properties in only 15 markets, including San Francisco, New York City, and Washington, D.C. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '304aaa8cdc25a85dc1e1d40831b8e1bd4212d14bfb50c8c6623276ec2a665b10'} |
10 Cool Facts About September’s Birthstone, Sapphire!
posted in: Birthstones | 0
Logan SapphireFrom the mountains of Montana to the island of Madagascar to Thailand, Burma and Eastern Australia, sapphires of different colors and grades are mined year-round. Some wind up beautifully faceted to adorn your body as jewelry, while others that are not gem quality find practical use as insulating electronic wafers in solid-state electronics, in wristwatches as movement bearings and crystals as well as in enhanced-durability windows and other uses.
If sapphire is your birthstone or if you just love the beauty of this precious gem, here are 10 cool facts about sapphire that you may not know…
1. Sapphire is the third hardest mineral on the Mohs Scale with a hardness of 9. Diamond is the hardest known mineral with a hardness of 10, while Moissanite is second at 9.5.
2. Sapphires are used to make optical windows for uses as far ranging as UV & IR detectors to gas/air analyzers to bar code readers.
3. Sapphires and rubies are varieties of the same mineral, corundum. The only difference is color. Rubies are always red.
4. All colored varieties of corundum (except for rubies) are considered sapphires
5. The red color of rubies is caused by chromium impurities in corundum, while the variety of sapphire colors is caused by various impurities in the corundum mineral including iron, titanium and smaller amounts of chromium (pink sapphire). Beware of what some markets refer to as “light rubies,” as these are pink sapphire and, while beautiful, are not considered as valuable as real rubies.
6. Oddly enough, especially given the specifics of #5 above, there are actually no concrete rules regarding what shade of red determines a ruby and what shade of pink determines a sapphire…which creates a grey area between “light rubies” and sapphires. Confused? Yep, so are we. CF Brandt eliminates the grey area…our rubies are rubies and our sapphires are sapphires.
7. The Blue Giant of the Orient is the world’s largest faceted blue sapphire, weighing in at 466 carats. The second largest is the Logan Sapphire at 423 carats.
8. Sapphires are the modern birthstone of September, while it was the classic birthstone of April. The sapphire is the stone of sincerity, as it Star Sapphireassociated with honesty, faith, divine understanding and blessings.
9. As well as eye-catching colors from pink to blue to green, sapphires also come in black, grey and clear/white. The clear/white variety can be confused with diamonds and is actually sometimes used as a diamond substitute.
10. Star sapphires feature a reflective 6-point star shape when shaped and polished rather than faceted. The reflective star is caused by tiny needle-like inclusions, typically of the titanium-rich mineral rutile. In some very rare occurrences, inclusions of hematite platelets cause additional reflection that results in a 12 point star. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.92754465341568}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '60436', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EA3BJYYRJGPA32CB2P4SWWAITD5KVEJX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4681f6a8-7f3c-45aa-89ff-b5179fbfcafc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 22, 41, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '184.154.247.233', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YUCZU63LMYMGSP6FO5VAT5R4H526FKPT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ad8b8faf-aafa-4593-98bb-5529d02d10f6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://cfbrandtjewelers.com/10-facts-september-birthstone-sapphire/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:85d321b6-1549-4618-9084-fbfb2fb3d98c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '454', 'url': 'https://cfbrandtjewelers.com/10-facts-september-birthstone-sapphire/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-109-214-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09128642082214355', 'original_id': 'dfe02ebec49ed6adb98a012a46d25f8139cbef5345a0f811eb23c683c3a45ece'} |
Polymer80 subcompact PF940C coming soon
After building a Polymer80 80% AR lower and being extremely impressed thus far, one of my next projects is the Polymer80 PF940C, an 80% receiver that’s compatible with compact Glock GenIII slides and parts, such as those from the Glock 19.
I’m a huge fan of the G19, so being able to make my own looks like a fun weekend project. Still, it’s not particularly small, so I sent Polymer80 an email asking if they have any plans for a subcompact (read: G26 compatible) 80% receiver in the foreseeable future.
Their answer? Yes, and they plan to have them in dealers in March or April of this year if all goes well. Most excellent.
I owned a G26 back when I first moved to AZ, but sold it since I was a bit short on money and it’s not exactly irreplaceable. I’ve been meaning to get another one of these days, and being able to make my own sounds fun. I’ll start saving a few bucks here and there to get one one of them once they’re out.
This Is Why We Win
Today I read the following quote, presented here in its original form, warts and all:
[user to which they are directing their reply] during 1936-1959, the standard infantry rifle was the M1 Garland. It was a rapid fire semi automatic General George Patton called “the greatest battle implement ever devised”. Just because our military now has more efficient and powerful weapons (60 years), that does not discount the destructive power of the M1 Garland, a rifle similar in nature to the yet more powerful and modifiable AR 15, and once used in our military
-Tafari Gh, a commenter at the Huffington Post
Nearly every thing this commenter wrote is wrong.
We win because our opponents are idiots and know not about what they speak. It should really hurt to be that stupid.
Hat tip to J. KB for the original link.
Quote of the Day: Matthew Peterson
I must say that we are far, far too concerned with opinions expressed on social media such as Twitter and Facebook. Our obsession with what’s said on social media has become a bizarre social pathology. The number of people who follow someone on Twitter or like what someone said on Facebook does not enhance the validity or value of what they say in the slightest.
– “matthewpeterson”, in a comment on Excusing Cowardice Is Not the Path to Gun Control
Honestly, I don’t understand why we give any credence to anyone on Twitter.
I subscribe to a few anti-gun newsletters to keep tabs on what the opposition is doing. The other day I got an email from the Giffords group (formerly ARS; funny how anti-gun-rights groups keep changing names) asking for a $3 donation.
Instead, I ended up donating $25 to the NRA-ILA and $25 to the NRA-PVF (and that’s even though I’m already a Life member), plus I bought some stuff at MidwayUSA and chipped in a few bucks through their NRA RoundUp program.
Once the move to the US happens, the kids are settled in, and we figure out a household budget, I’ll need to get the wife and kids signed up as NRA Easy Pay Life members and see what budget we have for periodic donations to gun-rights groups.
NPR asks “What’s The Potential Impact Of Gun Control Ideas Following South Florida Shooting?”
Answer: Pretty much nothing.
Adam Winkler, the UCLA professor they interviewed, essentially says, “There’s very little evidence that anything will work. Still, we must do something, and the low hanging fruit is bump stocks and universal background checks. It won’t do anything though.”
We’ve come a long way since I first got into gun rights activism 15 years ago when the NPR host, Alisa Chang, asks:
CHANG: You know, as we’re talking here, I’m reminded of sort of the ultimate argument often heard on the gun rights side, and that is, someone who is intent on murdering a lot of people can easily circumvent the law no matter what laws are passed. You’ve studied this for a very long time. What’s your take? Is it still worth it to try to come up with legislative solutions?
Did you get that? NPR is asking if it’s even worthwhile to even try to address this issue legislatively. I think they see the writing on the wall that gun control, even if it’s something they feel is the right thing to do (and it isn’t), is simply impossible.
Even Adam Winkler recognizes the futility of gun control, particularly in the context of standard-capacity magazines:
The difficult thing is that California, for instance, has banned the possession of high-capacity magazines. But initial reports from law enforcement were that virtually no one has turned theirs in even though there’s probably somewhere between 7 and 10 million high-capacity magazines in California.
Excellent. Well done, California gun owners. Civil disobedience is a wonderful thing.
We shouldn’t rest on our laurels, of course, particularly now, but it’s refreshing seeing things shift so much in just the time I’ve been involved with guns to the point that gun owners are basically saying “No more. Not another inch.” while gun control advocates are even wondering if they should bother with gun control laws at all.
In the SF Bay Area there is a limited number of good rifle ranges. There’s a few commercial indoor pistol ranges, but they tend to be a bit spendy, but the outdoor rifle ranges open to the public tend to be run by local authorities like the county recreation department, the sheriff’s office, etc.
One of the more pleasant, well-run ranges I’ve had the pleasure of vising was the Chabot Gun Club in the East Bay. I was really looking forward to visiting it again and shooting there, particularly on their 200 yard line, which is a rarity in the area (most rifle ranges max out at 100 yards).
Unfortunately it was not to be: the local park and recreation authority decided to play stupid politics and, even after the legal intervention of the NRA and the local state affiliate, petitions from members, etc., declined to renew their lease and so the range shut down last year. The range had been there for 50+ years.
That’ Continue reading “Dammit”
Remember when?
FedEx evidently is sticking with the NRA, at least for now, in terms of offering its members discounts on shipping. That’s good, and I hope they continue to do so.
On the other hand, they released a statement that FedEx opposes the NRA’s position on “assault rifles” and that they think they should be limited to the military. (It’s worth pointing out that true assault rifles are indeed mostly limited to the military, police, licensed dealers, and those who jumped through NFA hoops to open them.)
Anyone remember when major companies tried to avoid taking sides in major political issues? Those were the days.
Frankly, I don’t think FedEx as a company should hold or mention political positions unrelated to its business of moving packages around.
So long as the contents of the packages they transport are legal and shipped in accordance with the relevant regulations, they should deliver the without issue or comment and stay out of unrelated political issues entirely.
Arming teachers is *optional*, not mandatory. Jeez.
Evidently there’s an enormous number of people who seem to think that proposals to arm teachers (or, more accurately, to remove the prohibitions on people carrying concealed at schools) are something that would be mandatory. That is, that teachers would be forced to carry a gun.
Take, for example, this article from the Daily Beast. The summary at the top says, “The Daily Beast asked educators what they would do if they or their colleagues were asked to carry guns in their classrooms. None supported the idea.” No shit. Nobody’s going to ask them to (let alone make them) carry guns if they don’t want to. In the states that allow for armed teachers, nobody is being forced to be armed against their will and, indeed, few people other than the armed teachers themselves and a select number of administrators know who is armed.
The vast majority of the people interviewed in that article seem to think that they’d be mandated to carry, while nothing could be further from the truth. How this misconception keeps spreading, I don’t know, but I suspect it’s intentional at this point.
One interesting response from a former teacher quoted in the article is, in part, “More guns in any equation equals more death, not less.” Does it, now? If someone kills the deranged madman murdering innocent people, the life of the murderer was lost but the lives of a multitude of innocent people would have been saved. That seems like a net-positive thing to me. In other words, not all deaths are bad.
The former teacher also states, “The number of times a teacher stops a mass murder with his gun will be dwarfed by the number of times a teacher kills a fellow staff member or student, intentionally or otherwise.” without presenting any evidence of this have occurred ever in the history of armed teachers.
An elementary school teacher is quoted as Tweeting (*sigh*), “The thought of a loaded weapon in my 1st grade classroom scares the crap out of me.” The thought of a mass murderer slaughtering me and my students while we are made defenseless by immoral laws scares me a lot more, but your mileage may vary.
A recent college professor says he’s oppose being armed for several reasons: “First, education has always been collaborative, and students knowing I was armed would undermine that relationship.” Would it? I’ve collaborated with many people while one of us or the other (or both) have been armed. No issues there. Of course, you could resolve the problem entirely by not telling anyone you’re armed. Concealed means concealed, after all.
“Second, the presence of firearms leads to an increased likelihood of accidental gun related issues/deaths… even among trained individuals.” To quote the Wikipedia, “[citation needed]”.
“Third, my wife said she would divorce me if I started carrying a gun.” To each their own, I suppose. Personally, I encourage my wife (who’s a teacher) to carry if given the chance, but ultimately it’s up to her. She’s pretty supportive of the idea.
“And fourth, perhaps most importantly, this isn’t what I signed up for. Police officers and military join knowing firearms are integral. If guns become the norm among teachers, the type of person who pursue academic careers with change. I would posit, for the worse.” I seriously doubt guns would ever become “the norm” among teachers, but I can’t really see how having academic positions filled by people who are upstanding, responsible citizens with a strong sense of self-sufficiency and a desire to protect both themselves and those in their care would be a downside. If anything, that sounds like a great plan to me.
That said, I’d like to see the lawful, concealed carriage of arms (whether guns or other arms) become a normal, everyday thing for responsible, law-abiding citizens as means of resisting criminal predation.
NPR, polls: Millennials like guns too, think AWBs are stupid
Considering how much the media has been pushing the gun-control narrative, I was a bit surprised to see this article from NPR. Though, on further consideration, I’m not really all that surprised: NPR does at least try to report things factually, and to confront their internalized bias much more so than other major media outlets.
Some choice quotes:
Some have called [high school students -AZR] the “voice of a generation on gun control” that may be able to turn the tide of a long-simmering debate.
But past polling suggests that people under 30 in the U.S. are no more liberal on gun control than their parents or grandparents — despite diverging from their elders on the legalization of marijuana, same-sex marriage and other social issues.
This doesn’t surprise me me: young people have access to a vast amount of information, social networking, etc. This allows them to network with other like-minded people even if they’re physically distant. Online forums, blogs, discussion boards, YouTube videos, Facebook groups, etc. allow for those interested in gun rights to meet and discuss guns without many downsides.
Plus, there’s a lot more information about there showing people having fun with guns in safe, responsible ways, from hunting to competition to plinking. Guns aren’t some mystery hidden away that nobody in certain social groups ever sees or interacts with, as they were when I grew up in the 80s and early 90s, but something that one can easily learn about, experience, and communicate with without leaving the comfort of one’s own home.
Over the past three years, [polling organization Gallup -AZR] asked the under-30 crowd if gun laws in the U.S. should be made more strict, less strict or kept as they are now. On average, people between the ages of 18 and 29 were one percentage point more likely to say gun laws should be more strict than the overall national average of 57 percent.
Polling by the Pew Research Center last year came to similar conclusions: 50 percent of millennials, between the ages of 18 and 36, said that gun laws in the U.S. should be more strict. That share was almost identical among the general public, according to Kim Parker, director of social trends research at Pew.
Sounds about right.
I thought this bit was really interesting:
Pew did find significant differences between millennials and older generations on two gun control proposals — banning assault-style weapons and banning high-capacity ammunition magazines that hold more than 10 rounds. The results showed that a greater share of millennials — both Republicans and Democrats — are more conservative when it comes to those bans compared to Generation X-ers, Baby Boomers and members of the Silent Generation.
“What we’re hearing now in the immediate aftermath of Parkland might not be representative of what a whole generation feels,” Parker says.
That’s great news, and again unsurprising: the older generation of gun owners (“Gun Culture 1.0”) tends to be more interested in hunting, sporting clays, and other sporting usages of guns, while the younger shooters are more interested in self-defense, competition, and modern weapons.
Still, there’s a question mark about the future:
The teenaged high school activists who have been organizing since the Florida shooting, they say, are part of a separate group some call “Generation Z.” Pollsters generally don’t count the views of those under 18, so there probably won’t be national polling on this group until more of these young people are officially adults.
Hopefully we can bring these young people into the fold. I know I’ll try with my kids.
Still, for 19-year-old Abigail Kaye, who considers herself a millennial, these polling results about her peers come as a shock.
“I think that’s surprising because I feel like we’re a more progressive generation,” says Kaye, who attends the University of Delaware.
I don’t doubt she feels that way, since she grew up in Rhode Island and lives in Delaware. She’s living in a small anti-gun bubble that’s essentially the gun-related version of “How could Nixon have won? Nobody I know voted for him!”
Unfortunately, not all the young people interviewed are familiar with guns. Or physics, really:
Sitting outside a student center on the University of Delaware’s campus, Cahlil Evans of Smyrna, Del., 20, says while he doesn’t need a gun, he can understand why people would want hunting rifles and handguns. He draws the line, though, for assault-style rifles.
“There’s no need for these high-caliber rifles that pierce through walls,” Evans says. “People can say they use them for hunting or whatever, but why do you need a weapon with such high caliber that it would pierce through the animal and like eight trees behind it?”
It appears the gun controller’s efforts to depict common semi-auto rifles as extremely high-powered death machines have met with some receptive minds. We, as the gun owning community, really need to do more outreach to correct these misconceptions.
The article ends on a high note, which inspires some optimism in these turbulent times:
Still, 22-year-old Jeremy Grunden of Harrington, Del., says he’s encouraged to hear that millennials are less likely to support banning assault-style weapons.
“I base what we need off of what the military has,” says Grunden, who is president of Students for the Second Amendment at the University of Delaware. “When it comes to … the Second Amendment, we’re supposed to be a well-armed and well-maintained militia and all that. Quite frankly, we need that and plus more.”
Nicely done Mr. Grunden. Keep up the good work.
Personally, I’m disappointed that NPR consider gun control to be a “liberal” thing and gun rights to be a “conservative” thing. Sure, people and positions have become more polarized and ossified in recent years, but I like to think of gun rights as a “liberty” thing that is independent of political sides. I may be alone in that viewpoint, however, and I think that it’ll be a problem for gun rights going forward. Sure, millennials may have similarly pro-gun-rights positions as us somewhat older folks (says the guy from the “Oregon Trail generation” of the early 80s), but if their other political positions (e.g., those on gay rights, abortion, health care, Trump, etc.) align more with the Democrats (who are decidedly anti-gun), their interest and support for gun rights won’t amount to much.
On a related note, one aspect of the NRA’s media strategy over the last few years has irked me greatly. They’ve really been pushing this whole “cultural bundling”, “anti-liberal” thing of late, and that’s been incredibly off-putting to both young people, liberals (yes, there are gun-owning liberals), libertarians, etc. Yes, the NRA needs to be outspoken about gun rights and opposing gun control, but I’d really love to see them be a bit less divisive and more appealing to non-conservatives. Same goes for other major groups like the GOA (which is very right-wing). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '120', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.964889407157898}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '68634', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2ROOUAZNBK32SMKLXMYJBYHUFD2MR6CQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:49adfcac-5c42-4ae6-af32-54193f249f39>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 22, 15, 4, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.134.21', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WTMZ56DZX3GIZTWYHVR5LM3UYFZ4GK5L', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7828475d-160e-4645-b863-3274b3d207c0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.arizonarifleman.com/2018/02/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5b480718-17b5-469b-8619-115438db96cc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2959', 'url': 'https://www.arizonarifleman.com/2018/02/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-98.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023362934589385986', 'original_id': '9c3ef46b2b77c7653665824ceb628825a82cac123c764fffef2f95c38e5e2445'} |
Jos Sanders
Lieu de résidence:
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Continue reading +
Matériel utilisé:
Nikon D5100, Samyang 8mm fish-eye, Really Right Stuff, Gitzo tripod
Autopano Pro 3.0, Photoshop CS3, Pano2QTVR
The most highlight panoramas by Jos Sanders
The Little Chapel, Guernsey, Channel Islands
42 votes
A work of art and a labour of love, the Little Chapel is possibly the smallest chapel in the world. Inside it is just five metres long and three...
Colorada Volcano & La Bomba, Lanzarote
31 votes
This panorama shows the unique volcanic landscape of the island of Lanzarote. It feels like walking on another planet. A lavabomb once was liquid...
St. Georg Church, Badbergen, Germany
31 votes
The small town of Badbergen is situated in the north-west of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) and lies in the middle of the...
Collonges-la-Rouge, France
31 votes
Collonges-la-Rouge is a small village in the Département Corrèze in the Limousin Region in France. It has a population of 500. The houses in...
Château de Hautefort, Dordogne, France
22 votes
The Château de Hautefort is a French château in the town of Hautefort in the Département Dordogne. The château was reconstructed in the 17th century.
Onima desert, Bonaire
22 votes
'Onima' is a word from the language of the Arawak indians, the first inhabitants of the island of Bonaire. It means something like 'humid place'....
Nom ou lieu:
1440 auteurs
Manuel Vega Velazquez
de Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado deMexico
Pangea Imagem
de Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7413772344589233}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29440', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:727XK5CJLTZ7JBRUSCY5U2RS27OXHFY2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c717fa00-c148-482a-8fb2-4380e615bb8f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 21, 35, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '75.119.218.251', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LOPFQBMJU7BXGR4J3BEWAQYKT25D5OXL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3f50062a-113f-4fbf-a5d8-7c7697254a5a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://viewat.dreamhosters.com/?i=fr&id_aut=1883&sec=aut', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a11e5fe2-a62e-468b-a024-a53cfc6f96bd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '260', 'url': 'http://viewat.dreamhosters.com/?i=fr&id_aut=1883&sec=aut', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06128734350204468', 'original_id': '20c7a93e1b7e8556cddf09c9a25a0f1aea6d198bddfbdd58afd5f6c9c3da70d3'} |
Animal models of psoriasis.
Psoriasis is a common and chronic skin disorder under active investigation around the world. Despite this, determination of its genetic basis, role of the immune system in the disease pathophysiology and development of effective therapy, have been hampered severely by the absence of any spontaneous psoriatic skin disease in animals. Furthermore, until recently, validated animal models designed to create psoriasis were unavailable to investigative skin biologists and clinical scientists. However, there is at least one animal model which has been established and validated; it uses human skin engrafted on to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. In addition, there are several other rodent models which do not involve transplantation technology that share some (but not all) features in common with psoriasis. This review will summarise these available animal models and critique their relevance with respect to illuminating the immunogenetic basis of psoriasis and their value in screening novel treatments in a preclinical setting. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a6238c65edf27450c99165a63beb98f4aa672d4aa49860172ea61b471e72ec76'} |
Is the CHOP regimen a good treatment for advanced CLL? Results from two randomized clinical trials. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Between 1985 and 1990, the French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) randomized 287 stage B patients between intermittent chlorambucil plus prednisone (n = 140) or CHOP (n = 147), and 90 stage C patients between CHOP (n = 44) or CHOP plus methotrexate (n = 46). In stage B, although treatment response was improved with CHOP (p = 0.007, chi-square test), no difference in survival was observed between the two randomized groups (p = 0.33, score test). In stage C, no differences in treatment response and survival were shown, with median survival close to that reported with CHOP in the previous CLL-80 trial. These results associated with those from other groups raise the question whether the CHOP regimen, which has been consistently shown to improve response to therapy, is an effective treatment in advanced CLL patients. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '00e4d2619655053927977882c2ffd35292a12276e43e253fe4cda76614aee035'} |
Friday, December 12, 2008
Array Shuffle AS3
When working on shuffling arrays for games we are working on, I wanted to write something that would be efficient and quick. I had previously written a method using the Array push and splice methods and was short, but when testing that against my new function, found that the push, splice methods use a lot of memory and are about half as slow as my final solution. (Please test this if you aren't convinced) The final solution is posted here using the prototype extension (I am still not sure whether or not the prototype usage is being deprecated):
Array.prototype.shuffle = function(){
var a = this[i];
var b = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.length);
this[i] = this[b];
this[b] = a;
This can be modified into a regular function by changing it to pass an array by argument and then modifying the passed in array object. If you have questions, just let me know.
Brandon West said...
This was very well written. Thanks, it really helped on my FlashCard Application.
Davide Zanotti said...
This is my own solution:
It's only 3 lines of code and it works fine :)
shadetyler said...
While your code has only 3 lines, it actually runs slower. The amount of time is takes for the array functions of splice and push is considerably more and they use up more memory. Originally I was using a method similar to the one you posted but decided to try and optimize it.
Although I must say, you have done a good job for finding a short solution. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9435878992080688}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '80579', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:T3T2R5YXJREIVSW2K3YSP2CDT4BBJZS2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c058f7ad-339f-46cd-a686-de0be2e41380>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 19, 41, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.40.49', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CZZ5IHIYLEIUZ22YUK2JFCB3RKBUMEVH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6c896c6-ee6b-4943-aa17-8769a6a10fa0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://blog.corrlabs.com/2008/12/array-shuffle-as3.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0323d2d2-ac17-430c-af82-e6078bed59ff>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '261', 'url': 'https://blog.corrlabs.com/2008/12/array-shuffle-as3.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-113-197-177.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07512199878692627', 'original_id': '08b8af45e09d600d848542425889d864de3c47e8989451bfbb33d5e92fbc714b'} |
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BIS 2A Ireland Lecture 7
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Metabolism in BIS2A
Cellular metabolism represents roughly 1/3 of the BIS2A curriculum. While this may seem like a lot, we cover very little of what a classic course in metabolism (like BIS103) will cover, and an even smaller (really minuscule) fraction of the metabolism that occurs on the planet. What we do cover, however, is very important foundational knowledge. You will learn about some common chemical reactions that are associated with the transformation of life's molecular building blocks and about different core modes of energy transfer that you will encounter often in biology. The energy story and the design challenge rubrics introduced earlier will become increasingly important in these next few modules and beyond.
What have we learned? How will it relate to metabolism?
1. We have focused on the identification and chemical properties of common biological functional groups. As we dive into metabolism, this will help you be familiar with and sometimes even predict the chemical nature/reactivity of compounds you have never seen before.
2. We have practiced recognizing and classifying molecules into four major functional groups. This will help you as we begin to discuss how to build and break down these molecules.
3. We have learned some basic thermodynamics, giving us a common set of concepts with which to discuss whether a biochemical reaction or process is likely to occur, and if so in which direction and how fast. This will be critical as we begin to consider some of the key types of reactions that take place in metabolism.
4. We have learned and practiced the energy story rubric. This too will allow us to systematically examine new biochemical reactions and processes and to discuss them with a common language and approach that is consistent and reinforces the lessons we learned about thermodynamics.
A brief overview of this section
• You will be introduced to an important concept called reduction potential and you will be given the opportunity to use a redox tower. There is also a discussion on redox chemistry in your discussion manual. Make sure to use both resources.
• You will be introduced to two major players in metabolism, ATP and NADH. You will be expected to recognize their structures if shown on an exam.
• The metabolic pathway glycolysis will be covered in detail. Keep in mind that we want you to be able to look at any reaction and tell us an energy story of that reaction. By no means should you spend time trying to memorize these pathways (though it will help tremendously to remember some big picture things - these will be stressed). Often we will give you the pathway as a figure on the exams. Glycolysis ultimately produces 2 ATP via a process called substrate level phosphorylation, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate compounds.
• We will use the reactions of the TCA cycle to create multiple examples of energy stories. The TCA cycle will also produce more ATP, NADH and completely oxidize glucose into CO2.
• We will look at an alternative pathway to that of the TCA cycle, fermentation. In fermentation for the first time we will see NADH used as a reactant in a metabolic reaction.
• We will follow NADH to the end of its journey, as it donates its electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC). In this module you will need to be able to use a redox tower. The ETC produces a proton gradient. No ATP is directly generated in this process. However, the proton gradient is then used by the cell (among other things) to run an enzyme called ATP synthase which catalyzes the reaction ADP + Pi --> ATP. This method of ATP production (called oxidative respiration) results in much more ATP being produced than substrate level phosphorylation.
• And finally, we will go through the process of photosynthesis.
Reduction-Oxidation Reactions
In this class, the majority of the oxidation/reduction reactions reactions that we discuss occur in the context of metabolic pathways (connected sets of metabolic reactions) where compounds may be consumed by the cell, broken down into smaller parts and then reassembled into larger macromolecules.
Lets start with some generic reactions
Transferring electrons between two compounds results in one of these compounds loosing an electron, and one of the compounds gaining an electron. For example, look at the figure below. If we use the energy story rubric to look at the overall reaction we can compare the before and after characteristics of the reactants and products. What happens to the matter (stuff) before and after the reaction? Compound A starts as neutral and becomes positively charged. Compound B starts as neutral and becomes negatively charged. Because electrons are negatively charged, we can follow the movement of electrons from compound A to B by looking at the change in charge. A looses an electron (becoming positively charged), and in so doing we say that A has become oxidized. Oxidation is associated with the loss of electron(s). B gains the electron (becoming negatively charged), and we say that B has become reduced. Reduction is associated with gain of electrons. We also know, since something happened that energy must have been either transferred and/or reorganized in this process and we'll consider this shortly.
Figure 1. A generic red/ox reaction. The full reaction is A +B goes to A+ + B-. The two half reactions are shown in the blue box. A is oxidized by the reaction and B is reduced by the reaction.
Put another way, when an electron(s) is lost, or a molecule is oxidized, the electron(s) must then passed to another molecule. The molecule gaining the electron is said to be reduced. ***The oxidation and reduction reactions are always paired in what is known as an oxidation-reduction reaction (also called a red/ox reaction).****
In Bis2A we expect you to become familiar with this terminology. Try to learn it and learn to use it as soon as possible - we will use the terms frequently and will not have the time to define them each time.
Remember the Definitions:
Screen Shot 2017-01-08 at 7.04.42 PM.png
The Half Reaction
To formalize our common understanding of red/ox reactions, we introduce the concept of the half reaction. Two half reactions are required to make the full red/ox reaction. Each half reaction can be thought of as a description of what happens to one of the two molecules involved in the red/ox reaction. This is illustrated below. In this example compound AH is being oxidized by compound B+; electrons are moving from AH to B+ to generate A+ and BH. Each reaction can be thought of as two half reactions: Where AH is being oxidized and a second reaction where B+ is being reduced to BH. These two reactions are considered coupled, a term that indicates that these two reactions occur together, at the same time.
Figure 2. Generic red/ox reaction where compound AH is being oxidized by compound B+. Each half reaction represents a single species or compound to either lose or gain electrons (and a subsequent proton as shown in the figure above). In half reaction #1 AH loses a proton and 2 electrons: in the second half reaction, B+ gains 2 electrons and a proton. In this example HA is oxidized to A+ while B+ is reduced to BH.
Possible discussion
If you consider a generic red/ox reaction and reflect back on the thermodynamic lectures what factor will determine whether a red/ox reaction will "go" in a particular direction spontaneously and what might determine its rate?
Reduction Potential
By convention we analyze and describe red/ox reactions with respect to reduction potentials, a term that quantitatively describes the "ability" of a compound to gain electrons. This value of the reduction potential is determined experimentally but for the purpose of this course we assume that the reader will accept that the reported values are reasonably correct. We can anthropomorphize the reduction potential by saying that it is related to the strength with which a compound can “attract” or “pull” or “capture” electrons. Not surprisingly this is is related to but not identical to electronegativity.
What is this intrinsic property to attract electrons?
Different compounds, based on their structure and atomic composition have intrinsic and distinct attractions for electrons. This quality is termed reduction potential or E0’and is a relative quantity (relative by comparison to some “standard” reaction). If a test compound has a stronger "attraction" to electrons than the standard (if the two competed the test compound would "take" electrons from the standard compound), we say that the test compound has a positive reduction potential whose magnitude is proportional to how much more it "wants" electrons than the standard compound. The relative strength of the compound in comparison to the standard is measured and reported in units of Volts (V)(sometimes written as electron volts or eV) or milliVolts (mV). The reference compound in most red/ox towers is H2.
Possible discussion
Rephrase for yourself: How do you describe or think about the difference between the concept of electronegativity and red/ox potential?
The Red/ox Tower
All kinds of compounds can participate in red/ox reactions. A tool has been developed to graphically tabulate red/ox half reactions based on their E0' values and to help us predict the direction of electron flow between potential electron donors and acceptors. Whether a particular compound can act as an electron donor (reductant) or electron acceptor (oxidant) depends critically on what other compound it is interacting with. The electron tower usually ranks a variety of common compounds (their half reactions) from most negative E0', compounds that readily get rid of electrons, to the most positive E0', compounds most likely to accept electrons. In addition, each half reaction is written by convention with the oxidized form on the left/followed by the reduced form on the right of the slash.
For example the half reaction for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is written:
NAD+/NADH. In the tower below, the number of electrons that are transferred is also listed. For example the reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves two electrons, written in the table as 2e-.
An biochemical electron tower is shown below.
oxidized form
reduced form
n (electrons)
Eo´ (volts)
PS1* (ox)
PS1* (red)
Acetate + CO2
ferredoxin (ox) version 1
ferredoxin (red) version 1
succinate + CO2 + 2H+
a-ketoglutarate + H2O
PSII* (ox)
PSII* (red)
P840* (ox)
PS840* (red)
glyceraldehyde-3-P + H2O
ferredoxin (ox) version 2
ferredoxin (red) version 2
α-ketoglutarate + CO2 + 2H+
Pyruvate + CO2
NAD+ + 2H+
NADH + H+
NADP+ + 2H+
NADPH + H+
Complex I FMN (enzyme bound)
Lipoic acid, (ox)
Lipoic acid, (red)
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate + 2H+
glyceraldehyde-3-P + Pi
Glutathione, (ox)
Glutathione, (red)
FAD+ (free) + 2H+
Acetaldehyde + 2H+
Pyruvate + 2H+
Oxalacetate + 2H+
α-ketoglutarate + NH4+
FAD+ + 2H+ (bound)
FADH2 (bound)
Methylene blue, (ox)
Methylene blue, (red)
Fumarate + 2H+
CoQ (Ubiquinone - UQ + H+)
UQ + 2H+
Dehydroascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
Plastoquinone; (ox)
Plastoquinone; (red)
Ubiquinone; (ox)
Ubiquinone; (red)
Complex III Cytochrome b2; Fe3+
Cytochrome b2; Fe2+
Fe3+ (pH = 7)
Fe2+ (pH = 7)
Complex III Cytochrome c1; Fe3+
Cytochrome c1; Fe2+
Cytochrome c; Fe3+
Cytochrome c; Fe2+
Complex IV Cytochrome a; Fe3+
Cytochrome a; Fe2+
1/2 O2 + H2O
P840GS (ox)
PS840GS (red)
Complex IV Cytochrome a3; Fe3+
Cytochrome a3; Fe2+
Cytochrome f; Fe3+
Cytochrome f; Fe2+
PSIGS (ox)
PSIGS (red)
Fe3+ (pH = 2)
Fe2+ (pH = 2)
1/2 O2 + 2H+
PSIIGS (ox)
PSIIGS (red)
* Excited State, after absorbing a photon of light
GS Ground State, state prior to absorbing a photon of light
PS1: Oxygenic photosystem I
P840: Bacterial reaction center containing bacteriochlorophyll (anoxygenic)
PSII: Oxygenic photosystem II
Table 1. Common Red/ox tower used in Bis2A. By convention the tower half reactions are written with the oxidized form of the compound on the left and the reduced form on the right. Compounds that make good electron donors have highly negative reduction potentials. Compounds such as Glucose and Hydrogen gas are excellent electron donors. By contrast compounds that make excellent electron acceptors, such as Oxygen and Nitrite have .
Video on electron tower
For a short video on how to use the electron tower in red/ox problems click here or below. This video was made by Dr. Easlon for Bis2A students. (This is quite informative.)
What is the relationship between ΔE0' and ΔG?
The question now becomes: how do we know if any given red/ox reaction is energetically spontaneous or not (exergonic or endergonic) and regardless of direction, what the free energy difference is? The answer lies in the difference in the reduction potentials of the two compounds. The difference in the reduction potential for the reaction or E0' for the reaction, is the difference between the E0' for the oxidant (the compound getting the electrons and causing the oxidation of the other compound) and the reductant (the compound losing the electrons). In our generic example below, AH is the reductant and B+ is the oxidant. Electrons are moving from AH to B+. Using the E0' of -0.32 for the reductant and +0.82 for the oxidant the total change in E0' or ΔE0' is 1.14 eV.
Figure 3. Generic red/ox reaction with half reactions written with reduction potential (E0') of the two half reactions indicated.
The change in ΔE0' correlates to changes in Gibbs free energy, ΔG. In general a large positive ΔE0' is proportional to a large negative ΔG. The reactions are exergonic and spontaneous. For a reaction to be exergonic the reaction needs to have a negative change in free energy or -ΔG, this will correspond to a positive ΔE0'. In other words, when electrons flow "downhill" in a red/ox reaction from a compound with a lower (more negative) reduction potential to a second compound with a larger (more positive) reduction potential, they release free energy. The greater the voltage, E0', between the two components, the greater the energy available when electron flow occurs. It is, in fact, possible to quantify the amount of free energy available. The relationship is given by the Nernst equation:
Figure 4. The Nernst equation relates free energy of a red/ox reaction to the difference in reduction potential between the reduced products of the reaction and oxidized reactant.
Attribution: Marc T. Facciotti
• n is the number of moles of electrons transferred
• F is the Faraday constant of 96.485 kJ/V. Sometimes it is given in units of kcal/V which is 23.062 kcal/V, which is the amount of energy (in kJ or kcal) released when one mole of electrons passes through a potential drop of 1 volt
What you should notice is that ΔG and ΔE have an inverse relationship: When ΔG is positive, ΔE is negative and when ΔG is negative, ΔE is positive. For additional review see the red/ox discussion in the Bis2A Discussion Manual.
Introduction to Mobile Energy Carriers
Section Summary
Energy is moved around and transferred within the cell in a variety of ways. One critical mechanism that nature has developed is the use of recyclable molecular energy carriers. While there are several major recyclable energy carriers, they all share some common functional features:
Properties of Key Cellular Molecular Energy Carriers
• We think of the energy carriers as existing in "pools" of available carriers. One could, by analogy, consider these mobile energy carriers analogous to the delivery vehicles of parcel carriersthe company has a certain "pool" of available vehicles at any one time to pickup and make deliveries.
• Each individual carrier in the pool can exist in one of multiple distinct states: it is either carrying a "load" of energy, a fractional load, or is "empty". The molecule can interconvert between "loaded" and empty and thus can be recycled. Again by analogy, the delivery vehicles can be either carrying packages or be empty and switch between these states.
• The balance or ratio in the pool between "loaded" and "unloaded" carriers is important for cellular function, is regulated by the cell, and can often tell us something about the state of a cell. Likewise, a parcel carrier service keeps close tabs on how full or empty their delivery vehicles areif they are too full, there may be insufficient "empty" trucks to pick up new packages; if they are too empty, business must not be going well or it is shut down. There is an appropriate balance for different situations.
In this course, we will examine two major types of molecular recyclable energy carriers: (1) the adenine nucleotides, specifically: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a close relative, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD2+) and (2) nucleotide mono-, di-, and triphosphates, with particular attention paid to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Each of these two types of molecules is involved in energy transfer that involves different classes of chemical reactions. Adenine nucleotides are primarily associated with redox chemistry, while the nucleotide triphosphates are associated with transfers of energy that are linked to the hydrolysis or condensation of inorganic phosphates.
Red/ox chemistry and electron carriers
The oxidation of, or removal of an electron from, a molecule (whether accompanied with the removal of an accompanying proton or not) results in a change of free energy for that molecule—matter, internal energy, and entropy have all changed in the process. Likewise, the reduction of (the gain of electron on) a molecule also changes its free energy. The magnitude of change in free energy and its direction (positive or negative) for a red/ox reaction dictates the spontaneity of the reaction and how much energy is transferred. In biological systems, where a great deal of energy transfer happens via red/ox reactions, it is important to understand how these reactions are mediated and to begin to start considering ideas or hypotheses for why these reactions are mediated in many cases by a small family of electron carriers.
Note: possible discussion
Relate the burning of (the full oxidation of the sugar in) a gummy bear with the last paragraph above. What does that demonstration have to do with our upcoming discussion on red/ox carriers? There is some mention above already—can you find it?
Note: possible discussion
The problem alluded to in the previous discussion question is a great place to start bringing in the design challenge rubric. If you recall, the first step of the rubric asks that you define a problem or question. In this case, let's imagine that there is a problem to define for which the mobile electron carriers below helped Nature solve.
***Remember, evolution DOES NOT forward-engineer solutions to problems, but in retrospect, we can use our imagination and logic to infer that what we see preserved by natural selection provided a selective advantage, because the natural innovation "solved" a problem that limited success.***
Design challenge for red/ox carriers
• What was a problem(s) that the evolution of mobile electron/red/ox carriers helped solve?
• The next step of the design challenge asks you to identify criteria for successful solutions. What are criteria for success in the problem you've identified?
• Step 3 in the design challenge asks you to identify possible solutions. Well, here Nature has identified some for us—we consider three in the reading below. It looks like Nature is happy to have multiple solutions to the problem.
• The penultimate step of the design challenge rubric asks you to evaluate the proposed solutions against the criteria for success. This should make you think/discuss about why there are multiple different electron carriers. Are there different criteria for success? Are they each solving slightly different problems? What do you think? Be on the lookout as we go through metabolism for clues.
NAD+/H and FADH/H2
In living systems, a small class of compounds function as electron shuttles: they bind and carry electrons between compounds in different metabolic pathways. The principal electron carriers we will consider are derived from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides. These compounds can be both reduced (that is, they accept electrons) or oxidized (they lose electrons) depending on the reduction potential of a potential electron donor or acceptor that they might transfer electrons to and from. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (the structure is shown below) is derived from vitamin B3, niacin. NAD+ is the oxidized form of the molecule; NADH is the reduced form of the molecule after it has accepted two electrons and a proton (which together are the equivalent of a hydrogen atom with an extra electron).
We are expecting you to memorize the two forms of NAD+/NADH, know which form is oxidized and which is reduced, and be able to recognize either form on the spot in the context of a chemical reaction.
NAD+ can accept electrons from an organic molecule according to the general equation:
Here is some vocabulary review: when electrons are added to a compound, the compound is said to have been reduced. A compound that reduces (donates electrons to) another is called a reducing agent. In the above equation, RH is a reducing agent, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. When electrons are removed from a compound, it becomes oxidized. A compound that oxidizes another is called an oxidizing agent. In the above equation, NAD+ is an oxidizing agent, and RH is oxidized to R. Put another way, the reducing agent gets oxidized and the oxidizing agent gets reduced.
You need to get this down! We will (a) test specifically on your ability to do so (as "easy" questions), and (b) we will use the terms with the expectation that you know what they mean and can relate them to biochemical reactions correctly (in class and on tests).
You will also encounter a second variation of NAD+, NADP+. It is structurally very similar to NAD+, but it contains an extra phosphate group and plays an important role in anabolic reactions, such as photosynthesis. Another nucleotide-based electron carrier that you will also encounter in this course and beyond, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+), is derived from vitamin B2, also called riboflavin. Its reduced form is FADH2. Learn to recognize these molecules as electron carriers as well.
Figure 1. The oxidized form of the electron carrier (NAD+) is shown on the left, and the reduced form (NADH) is shown on the right. The nitrogenous base in NADH has one more hydrogen ion and two more electrons than in NAD+.
NAD+ is used by the cell to "pull" electrons off of compounds and to "carry" them to other locations within the cell; thus it is called an electron carrier. NAD+/H compounds are used in many of the metabolic processes we will discuss in this class. For example, in its oxidized form, NAD+ is used as a reactant in glycolysis and the TCA cycle, whereas in its reduced form (NADH), it is a reactant in fermentation reactions and the electron transport chain (ETC). Each of these processes will be discussed in later modules.
Energy story for a red/ox reaction
***As a rule of thumb, when we see NAD+/H as a reactant or product, we know we are looking at a red/ox reaction.***
When NADH is a product and NAD+ is a reactant, we know that NAD+ has become reduced (forming NADH); therefore, the other reactant must have been the electron donor and become oxidized. The reverse is also true. If NADH has become NAD+, then the other reactant must have gained the electron from NADH and become reduced.
Figure 2. This reaction shows the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid coupled with the conversion of NADH to NAD+. Source:
In the figure above, we see pyruvate becoming lactic acid, coupled with the conversion of NADH into NAD+. This reaction is catalyzed by LDH. Using our "rule of thumb" above, we categorize this reaction as a red/ox reaction. NADH is the reduced form of the electron carrier, and NADH is converted into NAD+. This half of the reaction results in the oxidation of the electron carrier. Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in this reaction. Both of these sugars are negatively charged, so it would be difficult to see which compound is more reduced using the charges of the compounds. However, we know that pyruvate has become reduced to form lactic acid, because this conversion is coupled to the oxidation of NADH into NAD+. But how can we tell that lactic acid is more reduced than pyruvate? The answer is to look at the carbon-hydrogen bonds in both compounds. As electrons are transferred, they are often accompanied by a hydrogen atom. There is a total of three C-H bonds in pyruvate, and there is a total of four C-H bonds in lactic acid. When we compare these two compounds in the before and after states, we see that lactic acid has one more C-H bond; therefore, lactic acid is more reduced than pyruvate. This holds true for multiple compounds. For example, in the figure below, you should be able to rank the compounds from most to least reduced using the C-H bonds as your guide.
Figure 3. Above are a series of compounds than can be ranked or reorganized from most to least reduced. Compare the number of C-H bonds in each compound. Carbon dioxide has no C-H bonds and is the most oxidized form of carbon we will discuss in this class. Answer: the most reduced is methane (compound 3), then methanol (4), formaldehyde (1), carboxylic acid (2), and finally carbon dioxide (5).
Figure 4. This reaction shows the conversion of G3P, NAD+, and Pi into NADH and 1,3-BPG. This reaction is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Energy story for the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase:
Lets make an energy story for the reaction above.
First, lets characterize the reactants and products. The reactants are glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (a carbon compound), Pi (inorganic phosphate), and NAD+. These three reactants enter into a chemical reaction to produce two products, NADH and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. If you look closely, you can see that the 1,3-BPG contains two phosphates. This is important when we are double checking that no mass has been lost. There are two phosphates in the reactants, so there must be two phosphates in the products (conservation of mass!). You can double check that all the other atoms are also accounted for. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The standard free energy change of this reaction is ~6.3 kJ/mol, so under standard conditions, we can say that the free energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants and that this reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions.
What can we say about this reaction when it is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
This is a red/ox reaction. We know that because we have produced a reduced electron carrier (NADH) as a product and NAD+ is a reactant. Where did the electron come from to make NADH? The electron must have come from the other reactant (the carbon compound).
Note: recommended discussion
We will spend some time examining the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in more detail as we move through the lectures and text. The first thing to discuss here is that the figure above is a highly simplified or condensed version of the steps that take place—one could in fact break that reaction above into TWO conceptual reactions. Can you imagine what those two "subreactions" might be? Discuss amongst yourselves.
Note: recommended discussion
The text above notes that the standard change in free energy for this complex reaction is ~+6.3 kJ/mol. Under standard conditions, this reaction is NOT spontaneous. However, this is one of the key reactions in the oxidation of glucose. It needs to GO in the cell. The questions are as follows: why is it important to note things like "standard change of free energy" or "under standard conditions" when reporting that ΔG°? What could possibly be going on in the cell to make what is under standard conditions an endergonic reaction "go"?
An important chemical compound is adenosine triphospate (ATP). The main cellular role of ATP is as a "short-term" energy transfer device for the cell. The hydrolysis reactions that liberate one or more of ATP's phosphates are exergonic and many, many cellular proteins have evolved to interact with ATP in ways that help facilitate the transfer of energy from hydrolysis to myriad other cellular functions. In this way, ATP is often called the “energy currency” of the cell: it has reasonably fixed values of energy to transfer to or from itself and can exchange that energy between many potential donors and acceptors. We will see many examples of ATP "at work" in the cell, so be looking for them. As you see them, try to think of them as functional examples of Nature's uses for ATP that you could be expected to see in another reaction or context.
ATP structure and function
At the heart of ATP is the nucleotide called adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Like the other nucleotides, AMP is composed of a nitrogenous base (an adenine molecule) bonded to a ribose molecule and a single phosphate group. The addition of a second phosphate group to this core molecule results in the formation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP); the addition of a third phosphate group forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The phosphorylation (or condensation of phosphate groups onto AMP) is an endergonic process. By contrast, the hydrolysis of one or two phosphate groups from ATP, a process called dephosphorylation, is exergonic. Why? Let's recall that the terms endergonic and exergonic refer to the sign on the difference in free energy of a reaction between the products and reactants, ΔG. In this case we are explicitly assigning direction to the reaction, either in the direction of phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of the nucleotide. In the phosphorylation reaction the reactants are the nucleotide and an inorganic phosphate while the products are a phosphorylated nucleotide and WATER. In the dephosphorylation/hydrolysis reaction, the reactants are the phosphorylated nucleotide and WATER while the products are inorganic phosphate and the nucleotide minus one phosphate.
Since Gibbs free energy is a state function, it doesn't matter how the reaction happens; you just consider the beginning and ending states. As an example, let's examine the hydrolysis of ATP. The reactants ATP and water are characterized by their atomic makeup and the kinds of bonds between the constituent atoms. Some free energy can be associated with each of the bonds and their possible configurations—likewise for the products. If we examine the reaction from the standpoint of the products and reactants and ask "how can we recombine atoms and bonds in the reactants to get the products?," we find that a phosphoanhydride bond between an oxygen and a phosphorus must be broken in the ATP, a bond between an oxygen and hydrogen must be broken in the water, a bond must be made between the OH (that came from the splitting of water) and the phosphorus (from the freed PO3-2), and a bond must be formed between the H (derived from the splitting of water) and the terminal oxygen on the phosphorylated nucleotide. It is the sum of energies associated with all of those bond rearrangements (including those directly associated with water) that makes this reaction exergonic. A similar analysis could be made with the reverse reaction.
Possible Exercise
Use the figure of ATP above and your knowledge of what a water molecule looks like to draw a figure of the reaction steps described above: breaking of the phosphoanhydride bond, breaking of the water, and formation of new bonds to form ADP and inorganic phosphate. Track the atoms in different colors if that helps.
Is there something special about the specific bonds involved in these molecules? Much is made in various texts about the types of bonds between the phosphates of ATP. Certainly, the properties of the bonds in ATP help define the molecule's free energy and reactivity. However, while it is appropriate to apply concepts like charge density and availability of resonance structures to this discussion, trotting these terms out as an "explanation" without a thorough understanding of how these factors influence the free energy of the reactants is a special kind of hand-waving that we shouldn't engage in. Most BIS2A students have not had any college chemistry and those who have are not likely to have discussed those terms in any meaningful way. So, explaining the process using the ideas above only gives a false sense of understanding, assigns some mystical quality to ATP and its "special" bonds that don't exist, and distracts from the real point: the hydrolysis reaction is exergonic because of the properties of ATP and ALSO because of the chemical properties of water and those of the reaction products. For this class, it is sufficient to know that dedicated physical chemists are still studying the process of ATP hydrolysis in solution and in the context of proteins and that they are still trying to account for the key enthalpic and entropic components of the component free energies. We'll just need to accept a certain degree of mechanistic chemical ignorance and be content with a description of gross thermodynamic properties. The latter is perfectly sufficient to have deep discussions about the relevant biology.
"High-Energy" bonds
What about the term "high-energy bonds" that we so often hear associated with ATP? If there is nothing "special" about the bonds in ATP, why do we always hear the term "high-energy bonds" associated with the molecule? The answer is deceptively simple. In biology the term "high-energy bond" is used to describe an exergonic reaction involving the hydrolysis of the bond in question that results in a "large," negative change in free energy. Remember that this change in free energy does not only have to do with the bond in question but rather the sum of all bond rearrangements in the reaction. What constitutes a large change? It is a rather arbitrary assignment usually associated with an amount of energy associated with the types of anabolic reactions we typically observe in biology. If there is something special about the bonds in ATP, it is not uniquely tied to the free energy of hydrolysis, as there are plenty of other bonds whose hydrolysis results in greater negative differences in free energy.
Figure 2. The free energy of hydrolysis of different types of bonds can be compared to that of the hydrolysis of ATP. Source:
Table 1. Table of common cellular phosphorylated molecules and their respective free energies of hydrolysis.
External link discussing the energetics of coupling ATP hydrolysis to other reactions
The cycling of ATP pools
Estimates for the number of ATP molecules in a typical human cell range from ~3x107 (~5x10-17 moles ATP/cell) in a white blood cell to 5x109 (~9x10-15 moles ATP/cell) in an active cancer cell. While these numbers might seem large, and already amazing, consider that it is estimated that this pool of ATP turns over (becomes ADP and then back to ATP) 1.5 x per minute. Extending this analysis yields the estimate that this daily turnover amounts to roughly the equivalent of one body weight of ATP getting turned over per day. That is, if no turnover/recycling of ATP happened, it would take one body weight worth of ATP for the human body to function, hence our previous characterization of ATP as a "short-term" energy transfer device for the cell.
While the pool of ATP/ADP may be recycled, some of the energy that is transferred in the many conversions between ATP, ADP, and other biomolecules is also transferred to the environment. In order to maintain cellular energy pools, energy must transfer in from the environment as well. Where does this energy come from? The answer depends a lot on where energy is available and what mechanisms Nature has evolved to transfer energy from the environment to molecular carriers like ATP. In nearly all cases, however, the mechanism of transfer has evolved to include some form of redox chemistry.
In this and the sections that follow we are concerned with learning some critical examples of energy transfer from the environment, key types of chemistry and biological reactions involved in this process, and key biological reactions and cellular components associated with energy flow between different parts of the living system. We focus first on reactions involved in the (re)generation of ATP in the cell (not those involved in the creation of the nucleotide per se but rather those associated with the transfer of phosphates onto AMP and ADP).
Video link
For another perspective - including places you'll see ATP in Bis2a, take a look at this video (10 minutes) by clicking here.
How do cells generate ATP?
A variety of mechanisms have emerged over the 3.25 billion years of evolution to create ATP from ADP and AMP. The majority of these mechanisms are modifications on two themes: direct synthesis of ATP or indirect synthesis of ATP with two basic mechanisms known respectively as substrate level phosphorylation (SLP) and oxidative phosphorylation. Both mechanisms rely on biochemical reactions that transfer energy from some energy source to ADP or AMP to synthesize ATP. These topics are substantive, so they will be discussed in detail in the next few modules.
BIS 2A Ireland Lecture 7 is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
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Phil Jackson Biography
~back to authors profile on focusdep~
Philip Douglas "Phil" Jackson (born September 17, 1945 in Deer Lodge, Montana) is a National Basketball Association (NBA) coach and former player. He is tied with Red Auerbach for coaching a record number of NBA title-winning teams, with nine, and has one of the best post-season records. Jackson is one of three head coaches, aside from Alex Hannum and Pat Riley to win the NBA Finals with two different teams. Phil Jackson Quotes
He is known for his triangle offense ballplaying scheme as well as a holistic approach to coaching players, influenced by Eastern philosophy, notably Zen. The latter is the source of his sports media nickname: "The Zen Master". He is considered by many to be one of the greatest NBA coaches of all time.
New York Knicks
In 1967, Jackson was drafted by the New York Knicks as a player. He found that the skills that had served him well at the small-college level (The University of North Dakota) were all but useless in the NBA. While he was a good all-around athlete, with unusually long arms, he was limited as a shooter and did not have great speed. He compensated for his physical limitations with sheer intelligence and extremely hard work, especially on defense, and eventually established himself as a fan favorite and one of the NBA's leading substitutes. He was a top reserve on the Knicks team that won the NBA title in 1973 (Jackson missed being part of New York's 1970 championship season due to spinal fusion surgery). Soon after the second title, several key starters of the championship teams retired, eventually forcing Jackson into the starting lineup, where his limitations were exposed. He retired from play in 1980.
In the following years, he mainly coached in lower-level leagues, notably the Continental Basketball Association and the BSN of Puerto Rico. While in the CBA, he won his first coaching championship, leading the Albany Patroons to their first CBA title. He regularly sought an NBA job, but was invariably turned down; during his playing years, he had acquired a reputation for being sympathetic to the counterculture, which may have scared off potential NBA employers.
NBA coaching
Jackson was the head coach of the NBA's Chicago Bulls from 1989 to 1998, and of the Los Angeles Lakers from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2005 to present. Jackson has a total of 10 NBA championship rings: one as a player with the New York Knicks (as noted earlier, he was injured for all of the 1969-70 championship season), six as coach of the Bulls, and three as coach of the Lakers. His nine NBA championships as a head coach ties him with Red Auerbach for the all-time lead in that category. Phil Jackson also holds the best playoff winning percentage of all-time. As of the end of the 2005-06 NBA season, Jackson's regular season record stands at 876-353.
Chicago Bulls
He finally earned an NBA job in 1987 as an assistant with the Bulls. It was at this time that Jackson met Tex Winter and became a devotee of Winter's triangle offense. In 1989 he was elevated to the head coaching job. In his nine years as Bulls coach, Jackson won six championships, losing only in 1990 (his first season), 1994 (when Michael Jordan temporarily retired from basketball), and 1995.
The chemistry between Jackson and his team was untouched and was on a level most coaches could only dream of. The respect shared between the players and the coach was a key factor to the championships they achieved.
Regardless of the strengths Jackson shared with his team, the tension between Jackson and Bulls general manager Jerry Krause, who had originally hired him, had a very negative impact. Krause was jealous of the attention received by Jordan and Jackson. In particular, Krause believed that Jackson was indebted to him because Jackson received his first NBA coaching job from Krause. Some examples of the tension include:
* During the summer of 1997, Krause's stepdaughter got married. All of the Bulls assistant coaches and their wives were invited to the wedding, as was Tim Floyd, then the head coach at Iowa State, whom Krause was openly courting as Jackson's successor (and who would eventually succeed Jackson). Jackson and his wife were not invited, and Krause did not tell them of the snub; they found out from the wife of assistant Bill Cartwright.
* During contract negotiations for Jackson's final year with the Bulls, when the topic of a potential extension past the 1997–98 season came up, Krause reportedly told Jackson, "I don't care if you go 82-and-0, you're f****** gone."
Los Angeles Lakers
Jackson took over a talented but underachieving Lakers team and immediately produced results. In his first year in L.A., the Lakers went 67-15 during the regular season to top the league. Reaching the conference finals, they dispatched the Portland Trail Blazers in a tough seven-game series and then won the 2000 NBA championship by beating the Indiana Pacers.
Titles in 2001 and 2002 followed, against the Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets, adding up to a three-peat. The only serious challenge the Lakers faced was from their conference rivals, the Sacramento Kings. Many NBA observers believed that the Lakers were on the verge of becoming a dynasty.
However, injuries, weak bench play, and full-blown public tension between Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal slowed the team down, and they were beaten in the second round of the 2003 NBA Playoffs by the San Antonio Spurs.
Prior to the 2003–04 season, the Lakers signed NBA star veterans Karl Malone and Gary Payton, who had made been franchise players for the Utah Jazz and the Seattle SuperSonics, respectively, leading to predictions by some that the team would finish with the best record in NBA history. But from the first day of training camp, the Lakers were beset by distractions. Bryant's rape trial, public sniping between O'Neal and Bryant, and repeated disputes between Jackson and Bryant all affected the team during the season. Despite these distractions, the Lakers beat the defending champion Spurs en route to advancing to the NBA Finals and were heavy favorites to regain the title. However, they were stunned by the Detroit Pistons, who utterly dominated the series and defeated the Lakers four games to one.
On June 18, 2004, three days after Jackson had suffered his first-ever loss in an NBA Finals series, the Lakers announced that Jackson would leave his position as Lakers coach. Many fans attributed Jackson's departure directly to the wishes of Bryant, whom Lakers owner Dr. Jerry Buss championed. Jackson, Bryant and Buss all denied that Bryant had made any explicit demand regarding Jackson. However, O'Neal, upon hearing General Manager Mitch Kupchak's announcement of the team's willingness to trade O'Neal and its intention to keep Bryant, indicated that he felt the franchise was indeed pandering to Bryant's wishes with the departure of Jackson. O'Neal's trade to the Miami Heat was the end of the "Trifecta" that had led the Lakers to three championship titles.
That fall, Jackson released The Last Season, a book which describes his point of view of the tensions that surrounded the 2003–04 Lakers team. The book was pointedly critical of Kobe Bryant, and among other unsavory adjectives, Jackson called Bryant "uncoachable." Some point out that as the book was written in the immediate aftermath of that season's disappointing finish, it may not necessarily reflect Jackson's opinions today.
Without Jackson and O'Neal, the Lakers struggled mightily, going 34-48 in 2004–05 and missing the playoffs for the first time in eleven years. Jackson's successor as coach, Rudy Tomjanovich, resigned midway through the season, immediately leading to speculation that the Lakers might bring Jackson back.
On June 15, 2005, the Lakers rehired Phil Jackson, after he had taken one year off from coaching and from the NBA. In what may be seen as his most significant coaching achievement to date, he took a Laker squad that was mediocre, aside from Kobe Bryant, and led them to a seventh-seed playoff berth. Once again promoting the notion of selfless team play embodied by the triangle offense, the team achieved substantial results, especially in the last month of the season. Jackson also worked seamlessly with Bryant, who had earlier shown his willingness to bring back Jackson to the bench. Bryant's regular-season performance won him the league scoring title and made him a finalist in MVP voting. However, the Lakers faced a tough first-round matchup against the second-seeded Phoenix Suns, who were led by eventual MVP winner Steve Nash. It was the first time that Jackson's team had failed to reach the second round of the playoffs. The Lakers jumped out to a 3-1 lead, but they lost the series as the Suns became the eighth team in NBA history to rally from such a deficit.
Jackson's main tactical contribution, both with the Bulls and with the Lakers, was the modernization of the triangle offense. He is also noted as a gifted handler of difficult players, notably Dennis Rodman and Kwame Brown.
Courtesy of: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Jackson
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Song Lyrics From Around The World
big text small text home back forward print
PAPER BLOOD (Keith Emerson / Greg Lake / Carl Palmer) Emerson, Lake, & Palmer Livin' on a razor's edge Sharper than a knife Surrender to the power of wedge Keep running for your life You don't need no periscope You won't need second sight It'll come at you so fast my friend It's thank you and goodnight CHORUS Caught in the river You can't stop the flood That's the power of money, paper blood Ambition flies on silver wings Searching for a crown King of kings, they pull the strings Until they run you down No matter what you've undergone The measure of success Is how much you can charge it on American Express CHORUS You don't need to drive a car And you don't need a house And you don't need a guiding star When living like a mouse In the presidenttial suite They'd rather see you burn Ducking and diving just to make ends meet To the point of no return
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This invention relates to emergency rescue equipment, and more particularly to a hydraulic rescue system for operating a plurality of rescue tools.
Portable rescue tools are often used under emergency conditions, such as at the scene of an automobile accident, where rescue personnel must operate with care and often very quickly to reach trapped victims and extricate them for medical treatment. During extrication, it is often necessary to employ a plurality of rescue tools, such as spreaders, cutters, rams, grabbers, jacks, and the like. The rescue tools typically include a piston that moves under hydraulic fluid pressure between retracted and extended positions. The hydraulic fluid is typically supplied under pressure by a hydraulic pump which can be located on the rescue vehicle and connected to the tool through a hydraulic supply line. Fluid is returned to the pump supply reservoir through a hydraulic return line. The rescue tools often must be used at a location remote from the pump. Accordingly, the hydraulic supply and return lines may extend over a substantial distance.
By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,721,029 issued to Hoffman et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, describes a pressurized hydraulic fluid system that is arranged to supply hydraulic fluid to two or three rescue tools from a hydraulic pump through a series flow connector block. In this manner, two or three tools can be operated simultaneously. However, when it is desired for example to run only one or two rescue tools, the remaining ports on the connector block must be connected together through one or more jumper hoses. This can be time consuming and inconvenient, especially in situations requiring quick rescue efforts. The provision of a series connection also limits the amount of rescue tools that can be used.
According to the invention, a hydraulic rescue system for a vehicle having a transmission with a PTO shaft is provided. The hydraulic rescue system comprises a fluid reservoir and a pump assembly fluidly connected to the fluid reservoir. The pump assembly has at least one pump module with an input port for drawing hydraulic fluid from the fluid reservoir and at least one output port for supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure to at least one hydraulic rescue tool. A PTO adapter is operably connected to the at least one pump module and is operably connectable to the PTO shaft of the vehicle transmission for operating the at least one pump module.
Further according to the invention, a hydraulic rescue system comprises a fluid reservoir, a pump assembly having a plurality of pump modules, and a manifold assembly having a corresponding number of manifold modules. Each pump module includes an input port for drawing hydraulic fluid from the fluid reservoir and a first output port for supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure to a hydraulic rescue tool. Each manifold module includes a first fluid circuit that is adapted to fluidly connect the first output port of one of the pump modules with a hydraulic rescue tool.
Further according to the invention, a hydraulic rescue system comprises a fluid reservoir, a pump assembly having at least one pump module with an input port for drawing hydraulic fluid from the fluid reservoir and an output port for supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure to a hydraulic rescue tool, and a manifold assembly. The manifold assembly comprises at least one manifold module with a fluid circuit that is adapted to fluidly connect the output port of the pump module with a hydraulic rescue tool, and a valve located in the fluid circuit. The valve is movable to a first position to direct the hydraulic fluid under pressure from the output port to the hydraulic rescue tool when the at least one hydraulic rescue tool is in operation. The valve is also movable to a second position to direct the hydraulic fluid from the at least one output port to the fluid reservoir when the hydraulic rescue tool is inactive. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ad50bea9be7c57c0df8b5b34352e47c479d9954b0549283f0617cf2539bcde70'} |
Fake Taxi, Fake Reality, Real Porn
There’s very little difference if any in the authenticity of the Fake Hub scenes. By that I mean that, just like almost 100% of other reality porn sites are fake, so is this. The potentially tricky site names add a nice spin though.
The ‘fake’ part in the Fake Taxi name is supposed to imply that the taxi is fake and that the driver was always going to try and have his way with the passenger under false pretences, but it can also imply that everything is staged from the get-go, including the passenger, which of course is exactly what it is.
What is real is the part that matters and that is the fucking. It is undoubtedly porn, no way of getting around that and all of a sudden all of the staging makes sense and the fantasy becomes very real too.
Get a discount to Lesbian Fake Taxi here and get access to all of the Fake Hub sites which must be close to 10 by now as they seem to have added new ones every time I check. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9813350439071656}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25914', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:B7NQLCGMB5DXRIODJ2LWSHD4X3R2JE3V', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9a08b157-8095-4f31-a745-fee673023b2c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 6, 55, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.24.114.39', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:F2VY4IFOWYWOQRUCXCWMJAX6LBBZ3NAT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8d813cf-3795-45d0-9f8f-a7b7d6906a70>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://bestlesbianpornstars.com/tag/fake-hub/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:70744c3c-9076-47f7-a4cb-b279acd95305>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '186', 'url': 'http://bestlesbianpornstars.com/tag/fake-hub/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-255-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12027484178543091', 'original_id': 'ca6b212c942f8426c23b83fe959627b8e98e52e0596e57893077a5fff49158a7'} |
Activists Blast Planned Polluting Factory Near Keene
Among the anti-asphalt activists at the Winchester hearing were Winchester resident Jennifer Bellan, and Susan Moody and Mary Ryan, both of Swanzey, New Hampshire.
Winchester is about three miles from Massachusetts and four miles from Vermont. The locally-owned Keene Sentinel newspaper reported that asphalt factories pollute the air with sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds.
Among the organizations that support more and better trains, sidewalks, and bicycle paths – and fewer cars and trucks -- are the Sierra Club and the Natural Resources Defense Council
Two people who have fought pollution in recent years are:
New Hampshire Rep. Dan Carr
P.O. Box 111
Ashuelot, NH 03441
phone: (603) 239-6830
(Ashuelot borders Winchester.)
Professor Steve Chase
Antioch University New England
40 Avon Street
Keene, NH 03431
phone: (603) 283-2336
In January, the Winchester planning board approved the for-profit, corporate asphalt factory application. The factory would be built on the northern edge of town, on Route 10.
The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, which held the May 9 hearing, will accept written comment until May 23. Residents of Massachusetts and Vermont may want to send copies of their comments to their U.S. senators and representatives.
Carr was at the May 9 hearing
Carr was at the May 9 hearing and read the below letter, which he also sent to the governor and Thomas Burack, Commissioner of the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
.
May 9, 2011
Thomas Burack, Commissioner
Department of Environmental Services
P.O. Box 95
Concord, NH 03302-0095
(603) 271-4974
Commissioner Burack,
The permitting rules for Hot Mix Asphalt plants in New Hampshire are outdated and dangerously neglect significant risks for cancer causing pollution of our air. For the reasons outlined below and others I am formally requesting that the Commissioner of DES suspend indefinitely all temporary permits for a complete official review of the rules. I am particularly concerned that the rules do not cover toxic fumes from the discharge of the product into the trucks and that the rules do not adequately specify the treatment of other fugitive emissions. It may be that the specific regulatory levels have not kept pace with changes such as the EPA revised fine particulate matter threshold and do not adequately reflect the levels of protections afforded under the OSHA regulations.
One of the by products of Hot Mix Asphalt plants that are not regulated by the NH DES is the Asphalt Fumes. This is a dangerous oversight when these plants are sited near residential neighborhoods. This is a particular problem because no study of the necessary set back to establish a reasonably safe distance from residential neighborhoods, has been conducted. In many other states there has been a discussion of this need and the distances have been set at one half mile up to a mile. In the EPA worst case scenario, such as a temporary malfunction of the filtering equipment at a Hot Mix Asphalt Plant the levels of arsenic, a cancer causing toxin, released exceed the Ambient Air Limit, or AAL, standards at 2.17 miles distance. So that if one of these plants has a burp then toxic levels of arsenic will cover an area more than 2 miles around the plant. Other toxins were shown to reach more than a mile.
The noxious odor emitted by Hot Mix Asphalt plants is also unregulated by NH DES, it is essentially an indicator of the fumes. These fumes contain cancer causing toxins (BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene). There is no measurement of these toxins in the permit. The fumes during a discharge of the asphalt into the trucks can be overwhelming up to a mile away and depending on the winds even further away. As a baseline example look at the data provided by the DES temporary permit for a plant in Winchester. Asphalt Fumes emitted by the stack after filtering in the baghouse remain at a level of 1.64 lbs/hour. The OSHA standards determined that a level of .2mg/m3 of Asphalt Fumes is enough for a quantitative risk assessment of a significant risk of lung cancer. This would mean that the “clean” emissions from the plant would fill a football stadium with lung cancer causing emissions every ten minutes. These are the emissions from only the filtered stack. The discharge emissions from loading the trucks are much greater, creating a blue cloud around the truck as each one is loaded. The emissions continue as the trucks drive away from the site. People who live up to a mile away from these plants have said that stepping out of their house the odor is so strong it is like getting punched in the stomach. They can no longer sit out in their yards. These odors are part of the toxic fumes being emitted without any control.
While the need for asphalt continues to be important there are already enough plants in the state to serve the needs of the state of New Hampshire. Some plants are now being moved across the border from Massachusetts, such as the Winchester plant, to take advantage of the more lax regulatory structure of our outdated rules. For this reason it is essential that the state act to protect its citizens. There is no need to ask New Hampshire citizens to sacrifice their health. It will be particularly harsh to live near such plants for children and the elderly or people with breathing problems. It just makes common sense that this kind of industry belongs at least a mile away from the closest residential area and it may make sense to require enclosure of the entire loading process as was required recently to address these real dangers at a plant in Petaluma, California.
Daniel P. Carr
Cheshire District 4
Box 111
Ashuelot, NH 03441
c.c. Barbara Dorfschmidt, NH DES Air Resources Division
Governor John Lynch
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By 11 June 2015 | Categories: news
Once a commodity, but now a necessity in every modern day vehicle, navigation devices have become part and parcel of a driver's life. Very much in the same vein is dash cams, with their popularity growing by the week. To that end, it should surprise no one Garmin has merged the two devices into one product - the nüvicam LMT.
The nüvicam carries the unique distinction of being Garmin's first portable navigation device (PND) to feature a built-in dash cam. As such, it will free up some vital real estate on drivers' windscreens and dashboards, with Garmin also hoping that it's a more efficient driving aid.
Along with the ability to navigate to specific destinations and record footage that the driver might require, Garmin has also integrated a host of features to further entice would-be users. For example, Forward Collision Warning notifies drivers if they’re driving too close to the car ahead. Added to this, other key features include Lane Departure Warning alerts that will appear and sound if the driver drifts off the road or into oncoming traffic, as well as Garmin Real Vision, which displays house numbers within the nüvicam's camera view, with a bright arrow to direct drivers when approaching the selected destination.
As far as specs go, the nüvicam features a 6" pinch-to-zoom glass display with a HD dash cam built into the back of the device. Once powered on, the dash cam continuously records (800x480) on 4 GB microSD card (included with purchase), and if an incident occurs, the nüvicam’s Incident Detection function will automatically save files on impact. Should the 4GB not cut it, the nüvicam can handle a 64 GB microSD card.
Furthermore, the GPS records exactly where and when events occur, and drivers can play back the video on the device itself or from a computer using There’s also a Snapshot feature on the nüvicam that allows drivers to capture still images in or outside of the vehicle if desired.
Expected to officially land in SA in coming weeks, the new nüvicam LMT will retail for an estimated R5 000.
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Better business applications (80 votes) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '27', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9098437428474426}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48781', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7RZDNEABGCOOICIKP6WOFXIUW34HEFNV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:aead9d27-f4d8-45a1-88ad-e6dc172a4c00>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 14, 10, 0, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '154.0.160.66', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IZS56YW67BX5FF6X7FWSZ62X74VCLSAX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:09de38a4-26fb-4116-bfa8-3118b3768661>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://techsmart.co.za/news/Garmin-announces-the-nvicam-its-first-navigation-device-with-built-in-dash-cam', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b6c4fdbd-64e3-46c4-a44d-b18d3945ce3e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '424', 'url': 'http://techsmart.co.za/news/Garmin-announces-the-nvicam-its-first-navigation-device-with-built-in-dash-cam', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-242.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02372688055038452', 'original_id': 'a4cf5204b2170362c055ca947c5cb0ce0fff45c485abbb1c68316a3611e8ed53'} |
The Florida Supreme Court advanced the interests of the electric monopolies Thursday by narrowly ruling that an industry-backed solar power amendment to the state Constitution can be placed on the November ballot. The 4-3 split by the justices on whether the ballot language was clear or misleading reflects the thin line the utilities have walked in framing this important public policy issue. Though the court's opinion is disappointing, there will be an opportunity to put solar on a more stable and constructive path before pushing an effort to defeat the utilities and their power grab.
Florida voters have a chance on the Aug. 30 primary ballot to put solar on the right course. Legislators unanimously voted to place a constitutional amendment on that ballot that would provide tax breaks to property owners who install solar. The measure is a good start at creating cleaner and more affordable energy, and voters should approve it.
The amendment would repeal personal property taxes on solar energy equipment, and exempt for 20 years real estate taxes on solar devices. It is primarily aimed at businesses, and the goal is to expand the market for solar by making it cheaper on the front end to lease and install the equipment and more cost effective over time to switch to renewable energy.
The legislative measure also could be a starting point for a more assertive solar policy. The resolution, sponsored by Sen. Jeff Brandes, R-St. Petersburg, and Rep. Ray Rodrigues, R-Fort Myers, has the support of a cross section of interest groups, from business and environmentalists to faith-based organizations and retailers.
That is a different situation from the November amendment whose wording was approved by the court this week. It is backed by the utilities and opposed by renewable energy advocates. The misnamed Consumers for Smart Solar will be Amendment 1 and would merely enshrine into the Constitution the unfair playing field that already exists in the power market. It restates the options current law provides in allowing property owners to place solar equipment on their property. But unlike a competing amendment that would have opened the market, whose sponsors have been forced to wait until 2018, the industry-backed proposal does nothing to expand consumer choice, competitive pricing or any other benefits of a truly open market. The measure was intended to mislead voters and block the pro-solar power amendment all along.
The Legislature's measure on the August ballot is a clean shot, good for business, homeowners, the solar industry and the state's economic climate. It could induce big businesses — from the largest retail chains to manufacturers and shopping malls — to invest significantly in energy-efficient technologies that create jobs, improve public health, diversify and strengthen the electric grid and position the state to better address the impacts of climate change. This is a good step in fashioning a larger and smarter energy policy, and voters should support the amendment. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '307d6517c2725fddad25fc4db8db78ec87d8ffd4f3ec1e0dd37945bc0875358f'} |
Q:
Ethernet and wifi are gone
Just rebooted an HP SpectreXT netbook after a Kubuntu update and there's no more network access. ifconfig only shows 'lo'. In the network manager I cannot turn on wifi. The ethernet cable is connected and blinking. I tried dmesg | grep -i "net\|eth\|wifi\|wireless\|wlan" but there's very little of interest:
NET registered protocol family 16/2/1/10/17
4 lines about NetLabel
And two apparmor lines about NetworkManager being unconfined
I checked the BIOS and there's nothing about networks.
What else can I try ? Thanks
A:
Well, I booted using the previous kernel and everything worked fine. So I did aptitude full-upgrade again and everything worked fine. I guess the previous upgrade had failed somehow.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c2da1c10a0d3d3333434318ebab85d7ffecc29707e3560222f2dffe6e3d637d4'} |
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Test Review ATOMS!
Test Review 12-18-13 STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!
1. The atomic number of an element tells you the number of ___________.
2. Which atomic particle has a negative charge?
3. What combinations of particles are found inside the atomic nucleus
4. What is a major part of an atom?
5. True or false. You cannot know the exact location of an electron.
6. When atoms bond with each other, the exchange..
7. True or false. All electrons orbit the nucleus in regions shaped like
8. True or false. An electron has a mass that is much less than a proton.
9. True or false. The innermost atomic shell can hold a maximum of 18
10. There is no particle of matter smaller than an atom.
11. True or false. Atoms of an element may have more or less neutrons or
electrons than other atoms of the same element.
12. How many carbon atoms does the compound CO2 have?
13. How many oxygen atoms does the compound H2O have?
14. How many hydrogen atoms does the compound H2O have?
15. Rusting of iron is an example of a __________ property.
16. Color is a ____________ property.
17. Groups (families) are what on the periodic table? Vertical or Horizontal?
18. True or false. Noble gasses are on the far right side of the periodic table
(in Group 18).
19. True or false. Noble gasses are non-reactive.
20. True or false. Neutrons have a positive charge.
Related flashcards
Oxygen compounds
23 Cards
Boron compounds
30 Cards
Sulfur compounds
48 Cards
19 Cards
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Contents - Previous - Next
The fuelwood/energy crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Population and environmental concerns
The primary energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
Problems of the energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
The socio-economic implications of the fuelwood crisis
Strategies to combst the fuelwood crisis
New and renewable energy development
Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf
At the core of the question of the sustainable development of SubSaharan Africa (SSA) lies the problem of development itself. Without development there is the possibility that SSA's problems will multiply. Since the 1960s its gross domestic product (GDP) has declined steadily. Higher oil prices, fluctuating agricultural commodity prices, and a lack of adequate response strategies have contributed to aggravate this situation. Excessive borrowing from international financial institutions provided funds to support infrastructural development, but the inability of SSA to service these loans has resulted in the region's present debt crisis. Other factors such as the drought of the 1980s severely affected the food and energy supplies of most countries. Further decline in these countries may tend to undermine growth in the economy. Should population growth occur without development, SSA will be compelled to exploit its resources on a non-renewable basis, thus accelerating environmental deterioration. For effective development, SSA should aim at a type of development that is sustainable.
In this connection, an important element in the developmental system is the complex issue of energy.
The countries in SSA are rich in modern energy resources. A few have large oil and natural gas reserves, some have coal, and several have hydroelectric power. Albeit, the rate of consumption of these resources is limited, per capita consumption being the lowest in the world. The main commercial energy resources consumed in SSA are petroleum (41 per cent), natural gas (14 per cent), hydroelectricity (10 per cent), and coal (35 per cent). In the total resources, including traditional fuels, wood fuel is dominant (Ardayfio 1986). All these energy forms have their environmental effect. Contemporary biomass fuel use results in deforestation and land degradation, which is associated with non-sustainable use of land resources and environment. Air pollution is also linked with the use of coal, oil, gas, and water, and with solid waste problems. Policies relating to institutions and investments are needed to improve the energy situation and reduce the environmental impact.
Hence this paper seeks to appraise the extent of the energy problem in Sub-Saharan Africa with special reference to the fuelwood crisis. The problems of the energy sector in the rural and urban areas are considered, while subsequent sections are devoted to the socioeconomic implications of the fuelwood crisis and the strategies that have so far been adopted to combat the crisis. Finally, the development of new and renewable energy is discussed before the conclusion.
Population and environmental concerns
The population of Sub-Saharan Africa is growing by leaps and bounds (3 per cent per annum), reaching over 459 million in 1990 (World Bank 1992) in spite of family planning measures to bring it under control. With a fast population growth rate, people are unable to feed themselves. Meanwhile energy demand is increasing with the rise in population. With increased urbanization and industrialization the situation is worsening as more energy is needed. At the same time, an increase in the demand for petroleum for food production and modernization is leading to an economic crisis. The cost of imports has risen and the value of exports has fallen. More cash crops have to be produced to provide foreign exchange. Meanwhile, farmers and nation-states in general are impoverished and indebted because they have to produce more for less cash. With the shortening of the follow period marginal lands have to be exploited, leading to environmental crisis with rising economic and environmental costs of production (fig. 13.1). High fertility rates and a high percentage of child-bearing women are contributing to the high population growth rates. The issue at stake here is the distribution of the population and its influence on the existing resources of the region. Urbanization rates are even higher (5.6 per cent), though in many countries economic growth has been slow over the past few decades.
The upsurge of population growth has short- and long-term consequences for the existing forest resource base, land use, and fuelwood production. The economic crisis, with its concomitant high rates of unemployment and very low incomes, has encouraged the use of fuelwood in most African cities (fig. 13.1). These urban centres have become, as it were, a lucrative market for fuelwood because it seems to be relatively available and cheaper than modern fuels, which hitherto have not proved a viable alternative in either rural or urban areas.
With growing population pressure on land use, a fuelwood gap is created, putting more pressure on the producing rural areas. Ultimately it is not only the sustainability of the environment that is at stake but the very survival of the urban poor and rural people, with women being the worst victims.
Though the countries of SSA may have divergent political systems and cultures, in broad terms they seem to have a common feature in so far as energy is concerned. They are literally being squeezed in a common energy problem. On the one hand, there is a heavy reliance on imported petroleum for the commercial sector, making petroleum shortages a chronic problem. On the other hand, there is a growing shortage of fuelwood in the predominant traditional sector and acute scarcity in some subregions.
The fuelwood crisis, as the "other energy crisis" is called, began to emerge during the oil crisis of the 1970s and has been aggravated by agricultural policies that aim at making African countries selfsufficient in food production (Eckholm et al. 1984). This has been achieved at the expense of existing forest lands, which are the main sources for fuelwood. National programmes tend to overlook this relationship between food and forest, so that the focus has been either wood or forest. This implies that wood energy is not being exploited in a manner that is sustainable in African countries. It appears that a more acceptable means for safe and sustainable energy production is yet to be found. Before this can be achieved, a good understanding of the African energy situation needs to be established as a basis for formulating a sustainable energy agenda.
Fig. 13.1 The crises of sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa
According to Gamser (1980), little is known about the dependence of poor people in Africa on the use of forest resources for meeting their energy and subsistence needs. The measures needed to develop energy resources to ensure that rural interests can be served are also not well known. Gamser claims that there is not sufficient empirical understanding of the ecologically diverse lands involved in the tropical forest energy crisis. Neither have forest surveys provided adequate data on the dynamics of forest energy. He therefore calls for a concerted effort on the part of the international community to react positively to the shortfall in the existing data on forest energy production and consumption. At the moment most wood energy statistics, including those of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), are based on estimates or unofficial sources, and this has been rather a weakness as regards knowledge about traditional energy. However, studies undertaken since the 1970s reveal the vulnerability of African countries so far as energy resources are concerned.
Although Africa accounts for 12 per cent of the global population, it consumes only 4 per cent of global energy. Besides, 40 per cent of its energy consumption is mainly in the form of biomass and it consumes no less than 40 per cent of this resource. On the global scale, the proportion of biomass in its total energy consumption is 6 per cent (see tables 13.1 and 13.2).
The rate of consumption varies within Africa when compared with other continents. In the Republic of South Africa, for example, out of the annual per capita consumption of 95GJ, only 5 per cent is biomass; in North Africa it is 11 per cent out of 34GJ. In Sub-Saharan Africa by contrast, out of the minimal per capita consumption of only 15GJ, 73 per cent is biomass (FAO 1987).
In the subregions of Africa the fuelwood situation may be determined by the political economy, the ecology, the geography, the demography, and the culture. Thus the fuelwood situation varies from the Sahel across humid West Africa, through Sudan, Kenya, and the SADCC countries.2 However, within each of these countries, two energy crises, of petroleum and of fuelwood, are experienced.
The primary energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
Although SSA is rich in modern energy resources, some of these are underexplored. The energy potential is expressed in the abundance
Table 13.1 Estimated energy consumption in Africa, 1990
World Million
Africa Million
Africa as % of world
Gas 1,610 68.8 25 1.1 -
0il 2,740 117.1 85 3.6 -
Coal 3,180 135.9 86 3.7 -
Hydro(b) 630 26.9 14 0.6 -
Subtotal 8,160 348.7 210 9.0 2.6
Biomass 600 25.6 140 6.0 23.4
Total 8,760 374.3 350 15.0 4.0
Population (million) 5,300 650 12.3
Source: United Nations (1990).
a. TOE = tons of oil equivalent.
EJ = exajoules = 1018J.
b. Primary energy equivalent.
Table 13.2 Estimated energy consumption in Africa by region, 1990
North Africa
Sub-Sahara excl. R.S.A.
Republic of South Africa
Million TOE EJ Million TOE EJ Million TOE EJ
Non-biomass fuels 80 3.4 47 2.0 83 3.6
Biomass fuels 10 0.4 126 5.4 4 0.2
Total 90 3.8 173 7.4 87 3.8
Population (million) 114 (17%) 497 (77%) 39 (6%)
Source: United Nations (1990).
Within Sub-Sabaran Africa only five countries account for almost all the oil produced - Nigeria, Angola, Gabon, Congo, and the Central African Republic (in descending order of output in 1991). The greater proportion is exported outside the region, even though petroleum is needed internally. Nigeria alone accounts for about three-quarters of the OPEC oil regulated quotas. On the whole, the total petroleum consumed is below 25 per cent of the total production (figs. 13.2 and 13.3).
Natural gas reserves on the continent are enormous and it is observed that the current reserves outweigh petroleum reserves if the current rate of production is taken into consideration. Coal reserves, which are more concentrated in the south, are expected to last for about 300 years. The growth rate of coal production has been slow, partly owing to greater reliance on petroleum for energy and to infrastructural and environmental problems.
Unlike coal, hydropower production is more widespread and has been increasing. It grew nearly four-fold between 1950 and 1988. Even at this growth rate, only 4 per cent of this power potential is exploited. Initial investment in production, environmental concerns, as well as old equipment and recurrent drought, have contributed to slowing down the growth of this power sector. Geothermal energy is utilized mainly in East Africa, and the possibility of its development needs to be explored for use elsewhere in SSA. The same goes for the production and supply of renewable energy sources. In these circumstances, wood fuels have become the predominant source of energy in the region.
Problems of the energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
Before the oil crisis in the 1970s, consumption of petroleum and its related products increased because oil was cheap and considered an infinite resource. The advanced industrialized countries developed a consumption infrastructure in the industrial and transport sectors. This meant that demand for petroleum was relatively inelastic. SubSaharan Africa unfortunately developed along these same lines, making it more vulnerable in the oil crisis.
The establishment of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which includes African countries such as Gabon, Nigeria, and Angola, was in response to the inelastic consumption pattern set up by the West in an effort to restrict oil output and to raise prices. Considering the high industrial development and the financial resources available, the West made attempts to move away from petroleum to alternative fuels. Such a move has not been possible in the non-oil-producing countries of Africa, where oil consumption in the energy balance is small and imports very high. For instance, Ghana spends 13 per cent of its foreign exchange on petroleum imports, but this rises to over 20 per cent in Tanzania and Kenya, and more than 40 per cent in Mozambique.
Fig. 13.2 African energy in relation to world production of crude petroleum and electricity (quantities in '000 metric tons of coal equivalent) (Source: based on United Nations 1990)
Fig. 13.3 African energy in relaffon to world consumption of crude petroleum and electricity (quantities in '000 metric tons of coal equivalent) (Source: based on United Nations 1990)
In spite of these huge financial burdens, the direct benefits that accrue from these exorbitant petroleum imports scarcely benefit the rural people. As O'Keefe (1990) remarks, even the recent fall in oil prices may be unlikely to ease the various rationing systems that operate in most non-oil-producing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Because the rural and urban poor cannot afford high-priced petroleum products they have to depend on fuelwood in the various socioeconomic sectors. We therefore find in Sub-Saharan Africa a "paradox" of the wood-fuel situation: a situation of abundant wood-fuel resources in some countries and an acute shortage in certain areas as found in countries such as Ghana and Angola.
In 1981, the FAO undertook a global survey in order to determine fuelwood supplies and demand for them in developing countries such as Africa in 1980 and the year 2000. This was supposed to be one of its contributions to the United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy. Because there was a paucity of source material, the data were based on projections from the early 1980s, but the results present a reasonable picture of the status of fuelwood in Africa. Four major categories of the fuelwood situation were identified:
1. Areas where there has been overexploitation of biomass to the extent that there is fuelwood shortage.
2. Areas where fuelwood demand is in excess of sustainable supply -referred to as "crisis regions."
3. Areas where population growth is likely to give rise to crisis in the foreseeable future - categorized as satisfactory. In this regard the situation in the Sudano-Sahelian region is critical because acute shortages are expected, especially in the rapidly growing periurban areas. This is occurring because of increasing encroachment of agricultural land, and industrial, residential, and commercial developments. Bushfires and fuelwood production compounded by population expansion have also resulted in gradual depletion of wood-fuel resources on an annual basis.
4. Areas estimated to be generally free of fuelwood supply problems - the humid and semi-humid areas. Nevertheless, large urban centres such as Yaounde, Brazzaville, and Kinshasa located within the forest ecosystems are already experiencing local shortages. This is also occurring in the semi-humid areas of East Africa wherever very high population densities threaten wood-fuel resources. Communal land reserves are particularly in danger of fuelwood depletion.
As an example of the fuelwood situation in East Africa, the Kakamega District of the Western Province of Kenya can be cited. Having an area of 3,500 km2, which constitutes only 0.5 per cent of Kenya's land area, the province harbours over 6.5 per cent of the population. As one of the most populous regions of the country, its population densities are over 800 persons per km2 in localized areas. This has generated a mosaic of small fragmented farms of about 0.5 ha feeding large families of about 10. Consequently, considerable pressure has been put on the limited land to the extent that agriculture and fuel needs are severely threatened. Farmers have no viable alternatives other than to depend on their own tiny land-holding for fuelwood supplies.
Similarly, a fuelwood deficit is to be found in the small mountainous SADCC countries, where population pressure has created acute wood-fuel shortages in countries such as Malawi and Swaziland. The situation in island countries such as Madagascar is also critical, particularly in the central and western sections.
The dynamics of the fuelwood situation represent a growing crisis. Whereas, in 1980, 55 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa lived in areas where there was acute fuelwood scarcity and another 146 million lived in areas with an increasing deficit, it is estimated that by the year 2000 about 535 million people will experience a critical fuelwood deficit if exploitation continues at the current rate (United Nations 1990). Wood-fuel exploitation is not solely responsible for environmental degradation. In the forest areas of SSA, deforestation is caused to a large extent by logging and forest clearance for cultivation. Many trees are also lost as fallow periods are shortened. Generally, areas with a high rate of tree regrowth can meet the needs of a larger population than those with low growth potential. Areas with woodfuel deficits are those with low to moderate rainfall and high population densities. In areas such as the Sahel where there is very low population density and low rainfall, the demand for wood fuels has outstripped the slow growth potential of the woody plants, creating acute fuelwood problems in urban and rural areas.
Energy in rural Africa
Rural energy use in Africa is generally low, reflecting the low industrial and urban base of the African economy. The more rural and the lower the incomes of the community, the more use they make of traditional fuels. Cooking, heating, and local industrial establishments are major consumers of household energy, which is dominated by wood fuels (FRIDA 1980). On present trends it is unlikely that fuel switching will occur in the near future on a large scale. As the population expands one would expect a direct increase in fuelwood utilization.
This being the case, a "wood-fuel paradox" can be observed in operation at both local and national levels. In many African countries there is adequate forest stock for wood-fuel production. Within this apparent situation of plenty, however, specific localized wood-fuel shortages exist in western Kenya, northern Ghana, Angola, Zambia, and the Sudan. Arid and semi-arid areas have their share of scarcity just like the large deforested areas in Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. The low carrying capacity of these countries means that growth is not sustainable for either agriculture or wood fuels. For example, in Zimbabwe, Chad, and Mali, advanced deforestation and soil erosion in infertile areas with poor rainfall have forced many people to migrate.
Deforestation is affecting many rural people, who have been accused of being the cause of deforestation. More often these people produce fuelwood from their own food farms, secondary forests, or fallow lands. Where trees are cleared from agricultural land, they are readily used as fuelwood. Deforestation is caused primarily by the need for fuelwood for the curing of tobacco and tea, by excessive felling of timber for domestic and export markets, by agricultural production, by urbanization, by bushfires, and, more significantly, by demand for wood fuel by urban households.
Urban fuel demand
Patterns of household energy use in urban areas are far more complex than in rural areas. As rural-urban migration opens up more avenues for the poor, it also brings about various problems with limited opportunities. Catering for the fuel needs of the poor is just one of the essential services that poor migrants have to provide in the urban area. These are services that would have been free if they were in the rural areas. As most towns in SSA are growing rapidly, urban growth is paralleled by increasing demand for energy to meet consumption needs. This is met by wood fuels. Hence it is estimated that, if the current rates of population growth continue, urban wood-fuel consumption will surpass that of rural areas in the next 20 years or so (O'Keefe 1990).
The significance of fuelwood in the urban energy balance is the limited access to alternative fuels. Fuelwood competes with other household fuels such as kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and electricity. The choice of fuelwood depends among other things on its cost relative to commercial alternatives, their availability and security, and supply bottlenecks. These encourage a lucrative black market in which prices are much higher than the official stated prices. The prohibitive costs tend to increase the reliance of poor women on fuelwood even if it is scarce and expensive. Besides, there is also the cost of modern cooking stoves, which is not affordable to many households that may want to switch fuels.
The available evidence indicates that urban fuelwood prices have been rapidly increasing, causing a household dilemma for poor women. In urban centres in poorer environments fuelwood prices are almost comparable to those of modern fuels. According to Leach and Mearns (1989), African cities such as Addis Ababa, Harare, Nairobi, and Abidjan are experiencing fuelwood price rises in excess of general inflation rates. Thus fuelwood prices in many large cities are increasing in real terms.
Urban demand for fuelwood is accelerating the degradation of woody vegetation. For example, in the Sudan an area of 31,000 km2 of woodland is cleared each year for fuelwood production, especially for charcoal. In certain areas the resulting scarcity has created a disastrous effect on supplies. For example, in Burkina Faso the land surrounding the city of Ouagadougou has been completely cleared of woody vegetation for 45 km in all directions (French 1978: 1-3). As a result, bulky and low-value wood fuels are transported over hundreds of kilometres to urban markets where the fuels are badly needed. Similarly in East Africa, charcoal has to be transported for about 600 km to Nairobi and its environs. In Nigeria, the long-distance haulage of fuelwood to urban centres has been an official concern since early colonial times (Cline-Cole 1985).
As more land around the towns and cities is further depleted of its remaining vegetation, a vicious cycle of soil erosion is set in motion. In extreme cases, wood fuels gradually vanish from the urban market, as in the Cape Verde islands. Judicious urban energy planning may minimize the degradation and improve the access of women and the urban poor to other energy alternatives.
The socio-economic implications of the fuelwood crisis
Generally, the economic and social consequences of fuelwood exploitation and consumption are overlooked. In Ghana, for example, cooking in the home depends on fuelwood, which is responsible for more than 75 per cent of all energy consumed in the country annually. Most small-scale industries and food-processing enterprises that women undertake depend in large part on wood fuel. This dependence on wood fuels has contributed to the growing exploitation of the country's forest. In all, about 650,000 ha of forest are destroyed every year through the carbonization of charcoal. Alarmingly, between 1974 and 1990 wood-fuel consumption increased by 50 per cent in the country (Ardayfio-Schandorf 1993). This increase mainly reflects the urban demand previously discussed.
Urban demand has, as it were, created fuelwood markets, providing job opportunities for both men and women. Men are involved in the long-distance trade in fuelwood and charcoal, and women are in small-scale fuelwood businesses focused on villages and local markets. Charcoal production is undertaken by women in towns and villages, where they run family businesses more actively during the off farming season.
Though inefficient, wood-fuel production and distribution contribute to some extent to the national balance of payments at the macro level, as foreign exchange that might have been used for the purchase of imported fuels is saved through the use of traditional fuels. This notwithstanding, poor urban women have to pay higher prices for fuelwood and charcoal owing to commercialization. In the rural areas, women and children walk long distances to produce, harvest, and transport fuelwood to their households. However, in areas where forest resources are abundant the production of fuelwood is less problematic. In areas of high population density, women spend longer hours producing fuelwood. In such areas, women collect fuelwood on their return from the farm while they do other things as well (Ardayfio-Schandorf 1981). Similarly, in the semi-arid, arid, or savanna areas with low population density where wood-fuel resources are scarce, women have to walk for longer distances to produce fuelwood.
Where these problems exist, a bigger burden is put on women, who have to make some trade-offs. Women curtail cooking time and even cut down on economic enterprises to make time for fuelwood production. The production time varies from one region to another, with walking distances ranging from about 1 to about 10 km and even more in places such as Ethiopia. The distance covered is reflected in the cost of fuelwood.
In the Sahelian countries where deforestation is severe, fuelwood costs as much as food. Even in Ghana it has been found that women in the savanna (semi-arid) regions have cut down on their cooking time and are cooking less nutritious food because of the fuelwood crisis (Ardayfio, 1986). In view of these problems, some scholars argue that the real energy crisis is women's time. However, the energy crisis goes beyond women's time. In areas where fuelwood is the only energy input for commercial activities for women, they have been forced owing to cost and non-availability of fuelwood to discontinue many economic activities. Because of this pressure, women who are involved in household fuelwood production have developed an intimate knowledge of wood species critical for fuelwood and charcoal production. This knowledge could be exploited in planning to meet improved wood-fuel supplies.
Strategies to combst the fuelwood crisis
The oil crisis in the 1970s, which raised awareness of the wood-fuel problem, set in motion various strategies for combating it (Eckholm et al. 1984). One of the initial steps that have been taken to solve this problem has been the gathering of adequate data to enhance the understanding of the crisis.
One of the earliest institutions to contribute to the debate was the United Nations University in Tokyo, which recognized the wood-fuel issue as a pressing global problem within its programme of environmental resource utilization and management. Extensive studies were carried out in south-western and northern Nigeria. Among the other institutions that developed a similar focus was the International Labour Organization, whose studies embraced Africa as well as other countries in the developing world. Further information has also been provided by the Beijer Institute of Stockholm about the SADCC countries of southern Africa.
These studies, including the more current ones that are now being undertaken by national institutions, have shed some light on the fuelwood crisis, but more information is still needed to construct a much clearer picture to replace the existing one based on projections from the 1980s. For example, the question of measurement of fuelwood is yet to be solved through further studies throughout SSA.
In the supply and demand area, strategies included a focus on village woodlots, reafforestation, and afforestation programmes based on forest management technology. In Kenya, a study indicated that afforestation programmes projected to the middle of 1985 would contribute only 5 per cent to total fuelwood demand. If such forest plantations were embarked upon in order to solve the wood-fuel problem, the effect will be marginal because the viability of some of the programmes themselves has been questionable.
In spite of this, afforestation programmes have the potential of ensuring some degree of regeneration to conserve soil and water resources around urban centres. They could also provide industrial raw materials and possibly generate export income by exporting timber. In Kenya, for instance, woodlot programmes have been successful in areas that do not have problems with land ownership. They have helped to ease pressure on the natural forest, to protect the environment, and to satisfy the fuelwood needs of the local communities concerned.
Moving to West Africa, the concept of natural forest management, which had been practiced since World War II to provide fuelwood, was revived in the Sudan savanna town of Ouagadougou. This move was made to supply wood from classified forests to meet the growing fuelwood needs. Agro-forestry is also being promoted throughout the semi-arid countries in the region, and is now practiced in most countries, including Sierra Leone. This approach could be further promoted by giving incentives to local people to grow more of their own fuel on their own farmlands and on community land. The short rotation of non-indigenous and indigenous trees for fuels, food, fodder, and other industrial products would be beneficial to most villagers.
The policy implications of these programmes could be far-reaching. Owing to the environmental costs and benefits associated with forestry/energy projects, many countries in Africa are adopting policies that will also modify current energy consumption patterns. Energy policies are being enforced by the appropriate ministries, such as the Ministry of Energy in Ghana, the National Electric Power Authority of Nigeria, and the National Energy Administration of the Sudan. Some of these policies try to improve efficiency by narrowing the fuel energy production ratio. Energy-saving devices, including improved charcoal stoves, have been introduced to replace the traditional stove gradually. Some of these stoves could save up to 50 per cent of fuelwood demand and reduce the energy bill of women in urban centres (FAO 1987).
Other policies have focused on reducing national demand through appropriate pricing policies, improving the current supply of fuelwood through a more efficient charcoal-manufacturing process, and reducing fuelwood consumption patterns by increasing the use of conventional fuels such as petroleum and its by-products. Attempts have also been made to increase the supply and use of new and renewable energy sources.
New and renewable energy development
Many Sub-Saharan African countries have great potential for the development of hydropower, which is the major source of electricity production (70 per cent). The rest comes from thermal plants, which are fuelled by oil or in some countries by coal. Despite this potential, electricity represents only 10 per cent of total energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa (FAO 1987). Even though it was modest, the region experienced a rapid growth of its electric power sector until the economic crisis of the 1980s.
The downturn that occurred had a negative impact on the economy and the electric power sector. The electricity production of SubSaharan Africa is far below that of other major developing regions. Of the amount generated, mining and processing industries absorb up to 80 per cent, with a limited amount being consumed by households. As the consumption rate of electric power increases, the level should be maintained so that many more urban and suburban populations may be supplied with electricity. But the question is, how can this be achieved?
Economic and financial constraints on African countries have been major causes of the inadequate development and slackening growth of the power sector. Being the poorest of the developing countries, the deterioration of their terms of trade has affected their economic growth, which is further worsened by population explosion. The necessary investments for the energy sector are enormous. At the same time it appears that electrification in rural areas could help slow down rural-urban migration, which is on the increase, and pave the way for the conditions for sustained economic development. However, given that rural electrification programmes are capital intensive and usually unprofitable, the possibility of providing electric power to most of the rural population is a forlorn hope. For it is doubtful whether SubSaharan Africa has the potential to mobilize adequate resources to develop this sector.
None the less, technologies now exist for generating electricity based on renewable energy sources apart from hydropower generation. Solar photovoltaic systems, wind generators, and gasifiers are a few of the examples. In 1981, a national conference was organized on New and Renewable Sources of Energy (NARSE) by the United Nations in Rome. A lot of enthusiasm about these resources was generated but one has to be cautious about the technological developments suggested at such energy meetings. The conference painted a rosy and conflict-free picture of solar and wind energy projects. To this end, between 1981 and 1986 there was dissemination of solar and other renewable energy technologies. However, because oil was cheap at the time and the fuelwood crisis had not yet reared its ugly head, not much attention was devoted to research and development of these appropriate technologies.
With the oil crisis, industrial countries made efforts to expand their development endeavours in appropriate technology. In Africa, solar technology was seen as a potential alternative. It was even assumed that African countries could bypass an era of fossil fuel and switch straight to solar energy, which is abundant, ubiquitous, and free (Goodman 1985). But this was not to be realized on a large scale because economic constraints hindered the diffusion of the NARSE technologies. Those NARSE technologies, such as solar cookers, that were initially acceptable appear to have lost their original attraction. Other applications, including solar crop driers, solar water heaters for institutional applications, passive solar heating, wind pumps, and mini-hydro and big-energy in the form of biogas, have, however, achieved some measure of success.
Considering the existing status of NARSE, it seems the energy sector in SSA will continue to be largely based on wood fuels. But this does not mean that alternative sources must not be pursued. Wood energy must be seriously considered as an integral part of a global and multisectoral energy strategy.
In this connection, increasing numbers of action programme initiatives are being developed at both regional and national levels to harmonize and improve rational forest management and wood-fuel availability. Among the national programmes are the Desertification Control Programme, the Environmental Action Plan, and the Tropical Forest Action Plan, which have wood fuel as one of their priority areas. The regional programmes include the Inter-States Committee on Drought Control, the Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development, the Southern Africa Development Coordinating Conference, and the Agroforestry Network for Africa Programme.
Donor agencies have been particularly supportive in assisting developing countries to formulate and execute environmentally sound energy policies. One such example is the Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme funded by the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank. This project, which operates in many African countries, has an elaborate research agenda that emphasizes the promotion of energy-efficient technologies and environmentally benign fuels.
By all indications the fuelwood paradox is a critical issue in the sustainable development of Sub-Saharan Africa. As the terms of trade of the countries of Africa deteriorate, it becomes even more difficult to allocate foreign exchange to petroleum imports and the development of new and renewable sources of energy, which are more efficient. As such, we could not agree better with Brooks that:
We cannot conceive of development without changes in the extent or nature of energy flows of Africa. And because energy is so fundamental, every one of those change flows has environmental implications. The implications of this are profound. It means that there is no such thing as a simple energy choice. They are all complex. And they will all involve trade-offs. However, some of the choices and some of the trade-offs appear to be unequivocally better than others, in the sense that they offer more development and less environmental damage. (Brooks 1986; cited in WCED 1987: 173)
Wood fuels offer least potential in economic and industrial development even though they are the predominant household fuel. In the short term, energy policies should include strategies for the production and supply of wood energy to ensure its consumption in a more sustainable manner.
To formulate an effective basis for doing this, due attention should be given to analysis of the special needs and priorities of rural populations with reference to women and community participation in identifying actions as well as decentralized energy planning. In the process of fuelwood supply, modified patterns should be determined through studies at the national level. Remunerative producer prices should also be established to satisfy urban fuelwood needs. Coupled with this, national and local programmes, including dissemination of cheap and efficient charcoal and wood-burning stoves, should be launched to reduce wood-fuel consumption.
The development of modern fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas should be more fully explored and developed. National and international institutions should be encouraged to invest in the sector. Regional cooperation could also be explored as a useful instrument for furthering this goal and for enhancing energy development and independence in SSA. This cooperation has already been demonstrated with the formation of the African Petroleum Producers' Association (APPA) in 1987. Other regional groupings, as well as multilateral institutions, could help to accelerate sustainable energy development in the region.
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However, the situation in Belarus changed dramatically in 2014 after the Euromaidan uprising in Ukraine, when Lukashenko realized that his survival could be at risk if he did not adapt to the changing geopolitical winds.
Read alsoTwo sailors of Crimean ship seized in Ukraine flee to Belarus with Russian-issued passports
"After Euromaidan, he adeptly repositioned — or rather rebranded — Belarus from being a stalwart Russian ally isolated from the West to being a mediator between Russia and the West in their standoff over Ukraine, talking to and working with both sides. Minsk became one of the primary negotiating sites for officials from Russia, Ukraine and the European Union, and the primary agreement to address the conflict became known as the Minsk Protocol. Lukashenko turned his country's geographic liability into a geopolitical advantage, ensuring that the Ukrainian conflict didn't spread to Belarus and that Minsk would be seen as a favorable neutral site for diplomacy (not unlike Switzerland during World War II or Finland during the Cold War)," the report says.
As UNIAN reported earlier, Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko harshly criticized Russia over the attempts to "privatize" victory over the Nazi Germany.
Read alsoPoroshenko rejects Belarus involvement in Donbas peacekeeping mission - media
At the same time, it was in the Belarus territory where a Ukrainian teenager Pavlo Hryb was abducted by the Russian FSB in August 2017 to further reemerge in a Russian prison in Krasnodar where he is being tried on trumped-up "terrorism" charges.
In September 2017, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin called on Ukrainians to weigh their plans to travel to Belarus in the wake of the incident, stressing that, apparently, the Russian intelligence present a threat to Ukrainian nationals, including in the territory of Belarus.
Belarus also remains engaged in joint military exercises with Russia. The latest major drills, West 2017, were long in the focus of NATO allies and Ukraine, concerned over their possible use as a pretext for extending the scale of Russian aggression.
Ukrainian ambassador to Belarus Ihor Kizim said Ukraine would never have remain calm toward any military exercises involving Russia | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9702821373939514}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '84944', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OP6MWVHPJZPONWAZWHFDA62VAMBGQ5FR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5d719172-2dae-46fc-b512-52497740cfed>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 4, 21, 14, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '195.137.240.83', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YL6YGN2DVMH2N6MLEMK7SZZY3YQN6TFS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:650f123d-bffa-42eb-a1b8-0eb2844e1957>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.unian.info/politics/10160345-russia-losing-long-term-ally-stratfor.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ac084115-dab8-4ed1-8e12-856a44c2e8ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '446', 'url': 'https://www.unian.info/politics/10160345-russia-losing-long-term-ally-stratfor.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-177.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02382606267929077', 'original_id': 'fba24b50ce9ac0122f9a0d448b80415187ba8cc9090c3a16d02428faeaa27699'} |
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<div id="chatlog__message-container-756210784509493578" class="chatlog__message-container " data-message-id="756210784509493578">
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<img class="chatlog__avatar" src="https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/293572563010060288/92f572b5e1ef6656a55498787c15a5ad.png?size=512" alt="Avatar" loading="lazy">
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<div class="chatlog__message-primary">
<div class="chatlog__header">
<span class="chatlog__author" style="color: rgb(231, 76, 60)" title="tarunon#9603" data-user-id="293572563010060288">tarunon</span>
<a href="/channels/291054454793306112?category=main&channel=swift&message_id=756211250853314591"><span class="chatlog__timestamp">17-Sep-20 05:51 PM</span></a>
</div>
<div class="chatlog__content chatlog__markdown">
<span class="chatlog__markdown-preserve">ログ見返してたけどどこで指摘してるのかわかんなかった</span>
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<div id="chatlog__message-container-756210945016987658" class="chatlog__message-container " data-message-id="756210945016987658">
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<div class="chatlog__message-aside">
<div class="chatlog__short-timestamp" title="17-Sep-20 05:52 PM">17:52</div>
</div>
<div class="chatlog__message-primary">
<div class="chatlog__content chatlog__markdown">
<span class="chatlog__markdown-preserve">そもそもthrows rethrowsではクロージャ側だからORTじゃなくて普通にgenericsになるはず</span>
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<div id="chatlog__message-container-756211250853314591" class="chatlog__message-container " data-message-id="756211250853314591">
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<div class="chatlog__message-aside">
<div class="chatlog__short-timestamp" title="17-Sep-20 05:53 PM">17:53</div>
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<div class="chatlog__content chatlog__markdown">
<span class="chatlog__markdown-preserve">で、ORTでany Errorを推論されたくないという結論のもと、throws rethrowsでも封印する仮定ならthrows rethrowsでGenericsを使うのが良いとは限らない、という話？</span>
<span class="chatlog__edited-timestamp" title="17-Sep-20 05:54 PM">(edited)</span>
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terça-feira, 4 de dezembro de 2018
We're Losing The Light with Submotile - An Interview
O duo Submotile, formado pelo casal Daniela e Michael, convida explicitamente seus ouvintes a uma viagem sônica, repleta de sonhos, fritações e delírios.
Shoegaze em sua essência, a música do Submotile evoca os dois lados das experimentações estridentes, leia-se SY e MBV.
"We´re Losing The Light", novo trabalho deles não pende para nenhuma de suas extremidades, seja barulho gratuito ou, sonhos fritantes, o EP navega pela tênue linha entre o transpirante caos e a doçura delirante.
Iniciados vão delirar, críticos vão odiar, e leigos se apaixonarão....
***** Interview with Submotile *****
Q. When did Submotile begin? Tell us about the history...
We're a husband a wife from Dublin Ireland and Bari Italy.
We started by accident in March 2018. I had more or less stopped playing music over the last few years, but over the winter of 2017/18 I was gradually rediscovering the joys of recording again - and I was especially getting into recording 'in the box', something I had never really done before. One day, I was playing a few chords on an acoustic guitar, Daniela sang a counter-melody...I thought what she came up with was great, so we recorded it and went from there. That was the song "Signs of My Melody". We wrote five songs together after that and put our first EP out in August.
Q: Who are your influences?
Sonic Youth were the first band that really got me interested in playing the guitar. I'm massively influenced by them, My Bloody Valentine, Swans, Mogwai and lots of ambient stuff too, like Biosphere.
Q. Make a list of 5 albuns of all time…
1) Explosions In the Sky - The Earth is not a Cold Dead Place
2) Interpol - Turn on the Bright Lights
3) The National - Boxer
4) Warpaint - Warpaint
5) Swans - Love of Life
1) Dinosaur Jr - Bug
2) Massive Attack - Mezzanine
3) Sonic Youth - Bad Moon Rising
4) My Bloody Valentine - Isn't Anything
5) Stars of the Lid - The Tired Sounds Of
Q. How do you feel playing live?
We haven't played live yet, but I always loved it when I was in previous bands. We can't wait to make our live debut.
There's always a feeling of terror that something will just go wrong - when you play with a load of effects and technology, the more you introduce, the greater the likelihood of things malfunctioning, but when things go well, there's no greater feeling.
Q. How do you describe Submotile´s sounds?
We're going for a massive, layered sound, with plenty of melody mixed with noise.
Q: Tell us about the process of recording the songs ?
The first EP was mostly done at home - well, everything except the drums, which were done in a studio in Dublin. We were on a steep learning curve with the mixing as we recorded so many layers, it ended up sounding a bit messy, but we're learning as we go and the newer material is sounding better.
Q. Which new bands do you recommend?
Galants, Just Mustard, Palm Haze and pretty much anything on Midsummer Madness records.
Something not too obvious....I'd like to make a really noisey shoegaze version of Tears for Fears "Everybody wants to rule the world" for example. Or "The Cross" by Prince.
Q: What are your plans for the future?
We're deep into recording our debut album. The plan is to put that out in February/March, with a number of videos too and then to play live.
Q: Any parting words?
Smell the flowers while you can. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9350939393043518}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '111222', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4XOPV5QAXKIIH6PVZA5JONL6HSETZYJD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9cc5cb3b-4c23-4ccd-b77d-2789eb51a88a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 16, 5, 14, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.164.129', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SAHSZW4ZSOU6UNOF23NY3PLW7WCO5LXJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:585357b7-67af-4fe5-aa77-2e1118eaafba>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://theblogthatcelebratesitself.blogspot.com/2018/12/were-losing-light-with-submotile.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c387ede-e35b-4fd8-981b-71ae62cf16e2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '607', 'url': 'http://theblogthatcelebratesitself.blogspot.com/2018/12/were-losing-light-with-submotile.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-48.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02487194538116455', 'original_id': '914b7ef5af6a213f443c92d5aa80a107d0497b79f247c6cb65dac8891adcb48d'} |
Q:
Dynamic "INSERT INTO" Query with User Defined Type
I have got a SQL-Table were eache line consists a singel Value of some kind of Virtuel-Tabel - means the real existig SQL-Table looks like this:
-----------------------------------------
|DataRecordset | DataField | DataValue |
-----------------------------------------
| 1 | Firstname | John |
| 1 | Lastname | Smith |
| 1 | Birthday | 18.12.1963 |
| 2 | Firstname | Jane |
| 2 | Lastname | Smith |
| 2 | Birthday | 14.06.1975 |
-----------------------------------------
and I need to get something that feels like this:
-------------------------------------
| Firstname | Lastname | Birthday |
-------------------------------------
| John | Smith | 18.12.1963 |
| Jane | Smith | 14.06.1975 |
-------------------------------------
the reason why the real existing SQL-Table is stored like the first one is, that there are a lot more information around the core-data... like who write the data... when was the data written... from which to which time was the data significant... so there are a lot of diffrent variabels which decides which line from the first table i use to generate the second one.
I created a User-Defined-Tabletype on the SQL-Server which looks like the second table.
Then i start writing a procedure...
DECLARE @secondTable secondTable_Typ
DECLARE firstTable_Cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT DataRecordset, ... WHERE...lot of Text
OPEN firstTable_Cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM firstTable_Cursor
INTO @DataRecordset, @...
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM @secondTable WHERE DataRecordset= @DataRecordset)
BEGIN
the Problem i have... now i need some kind of dynamic Query, because i want do something like this:
INSERT INTO @secondTable (DataRecordset, @DataField ) VALUES (@DataRecordset, @DataValue)
but i cant use the variable @DataField like this... so i used google and found the function sp_executesql... i wrote the following code:
SET @sqlString = 'INSERT INTO @xsecondTable (DataRecordset, ' + @DataField + ') VALUES (@xDataRecordset, @xDataValue)'
EXEC sp_executesql @sqlString, N'@xsecondTable secondTable_Typ, @xDataRecordset smallint, @xDataValue sql_variant', @secondTable , @DataRecordset, @DataValue
but when i run the procedure i got an error that means i have to add a parameter "READONLY" to "@xsecondTable"...
i think the problem is, that sp_executesql can use variables as input or as outup... but i am not shure if its possiple to get this user defined table type into this procedure...
someone any idea how to get this code to run?
thank you very much
A:
Have you considered doing a PIVOT on the data? Something along the lines of:
SELECT
[Firstname]
, [Lastname]
, [Birthday]
FROM
(
SELECT
[DataRecordset]
, [DataField]
, [DataValue]
FROM [Table]
) DATA
PIVOT
(
MIN ([DataValue]) FOR [DataField] IN
(
[Firstname]
, [Lastname]
, [Birthday]
)
) PVT
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '6e5e533e43e361efc1bbab64c01d41872944f591d988ad17b42e5e622ef32021'} |
Tag Archives: metabolism
Weight Loss Diet – 6 Reasons Why You May Fail
Weight Loss DietIf you want to lose weight going on a weight loss diet is really not that a good to do. Often you will actually end up doing things much worse than before started out with your diet.
You need to remember that there is huge industry behind weight loss diets. An industry that not necessary want you to become successful in your attempts try to lose weight, because they will lose a customer if you succeeded.
However doing weight loss diets there are other consequences than just gaining weight again. Consequences that may lower your self-esteem, your self worth and create a distrust to your own body.
The following 6 reasons why you may fail your weight loss diet is inspired by Danish nutritionist Marie Steenberger who has done a lot of studies in this field .
You Develop Cravings
The problem when you are on a fast weight loss diet is that you start to develop cravings for certain foods you have difficulties to resist. It all begins because you start to divide your food into allowed and forbidden categories, in order to try to control not to eat all the forbidden foods. But also because you want to lose weight and try to cut out all high calorie foods.
The more you try to maintain control over the forbidden foods like fast food, chocolate and sweets, the more you will develop cravings. Finally you will lose completely control and end up right back into your old habits. You will take it as a failure and your confidence will suffer a blow.
You Start to Overeat
Overeating is a natural consequence of being on a weight loss diet. After been on a diet for while, many dieters will start to overeat.
Remember there is nothing wrong with you, it is your brains survival instinct that takes control because it thinks you are in a starvation period. Your brain will ensure that you are thinking about food all the time in order to make you start eating again. At this point there is really not much to do, your brain is in control and you will likely not have any will power at all.
Overeating Weight Loss
This is a dangerous situation to be in, because you will take it as a failure and try to gain even more control over the food you are eating. In the long run you will end up jumping from diet to diet but always end up the exactly same place. You will tend to slave yourself with thoughts of good and evil foods.
You Will Stop Trusting Yourself
The problem with all weight loss diets is that they are a part of big business, teaching you that you need the diet because you cannot trust yourself or your own body.
A weight loss diet is basically all about taking your “free spiriting mind” out of order and teach you what you can eat and what foods you need to stay away from. You will end up becoming absorb in all these different trends and diet advices. This will put you in distrust to yourself and set your own common sense out of order.
You Will Feel That Every Meal is Your Last
Before going on a weight loss diet you will start to develop cravings for all the foods that you love to eat and that you cannot have while being on a diet. Often people will start to gain weight just before they are going on a diet, because all meals will feel like the last meal. A meal that you have to say good bye to because you cannot have any more.
This farewell feast sometimes begins a couple of weeks before you are going on your weight loss diet, you probably all ready know the feeling during the holidays when you think “I can eat this, and plenty of it because I will go on a weight loss diet in January!”
These farewell meals also means that you will have a lot more work to do when you then finally are starting your diet.
The more diets you are going the more farewell meals are you going to have, because you will feel it is the last meal and you will never have it again.
Farewell meals can cause you to gain more weight compared to when you first started out dieting.
You Will Start to Isolate Yourself
Because you are developing a distrust to your body and because you are afraid of losing control when it comes to food, many dieters will start to isolate themselves from social gatherings like dinners with friends. They simply do not want to take the fight with their own selves and want to avoid all the hassles.
Others starts to save up calories during the day by not eating anything at all, for then to be able to eat more in the evening where you are going to a dinner party. In this situation you will end up being so hungry that you will not be able to control your own food intake, because you have slaved yourself with thoughts of not eating all day.
Some people will take it a couple of steps further and wait to eat until they get home, in order for not to feel embarrassed.
Here you need to make sure that your weight loss diet is not causing you to have an eating disorder.
You Metabolism Slows Down
When you are going on a weight loss diet your body will slowdown your metabolism in order to get more out of the calories you are feeding your body with. When you then starts to eat again your body will be much more sensible to weight gains and it will become more difficult to maintain your weight.
Doing a weight loss diet you are forced to be more aware of what you are eating in the future because your metabolism will be slowed down.
What to Do Instead with Your Weight Loss Diet
When you first get out of the claws of with weight loss industry and start to use your head and think more rationally it is going to be much more fun and easier to lose weight. First of all forget about low calorie diets, they slows down your metabolism and cause a lot of troubles for you as we already mentioned.
You need to make your weight loss diet more fun to and take away the thinking of food all the time. It will make you go crazy.
What you need to do instead is to take a look at what you are already eating and make your diet healthier without taking to many calories away from. Yes you do need to cut down on calories, but only to a healthy levels where you are going to lose between 1 and 2 pounds per week. Nothing more than that.
Going for 20 pounds or more are going to put you in a emotional roller coaster and you will end up with the problems that we mentioned.
The good thing about taking it more easy is that you are not going to miss out on anything, you will still enjoy dinners with family and friends. You will not feel guilty when you eat.
But you do need to make up with yourself that your weight loss diet is going take the time it takes. However it is all about habits and changing so after a couple of weeks you will hardly notice that you are actually on a diet, because you have gotten used to what you eat.
Do Exercises to Promote Health and Boost Your Weight Loss Diet
Exercising will do wonders for your health and weight loss. You should be focusing on improving your cardiovascular system and to get some more muscle mass.
The more muscle mass you have the higher your metabolism will be. A lot of women are afraid of building muscles because they are afraid of be turned into bodybuilders or start to look more bulky. For sure it depends on how you are build but for most women they are just going to look great with more muscle mass.
Weight Loss Diet Exercising
If you have a wide frame it is just about adapting your muscle training accordingly.
Cardio is a must do, we are not talking about walking, but actually to get your heart rate up. This will help you to burn more calories in the time you are doing it and up to 2 hours after your cardio session. Cardio will also help you to avoid life threatening diseases in the long run.
What About Supplements?
Many people has way to high expectation when it comes to supplements. They are colored by the weight loss industry to think that supplements are going to do all the work for them.
However some supplements can be a great helping hand when it comes to boost your metabolism, give you more energy or improve your body ability to burn fat.
One supplement that might be of interest to you is Garcinia Cambogia extract. This supplement has been said to help to improve your body’s ability to burn fat. The HCA (hydroxycitric acid) in Garcinia Cambogia will inhibit the lyaze enzyme in your liver from function correctly. This will make more fat and carbohydrates from your diet to be burned off before it get turns into body fat.
If you want to learn more about this supplement you can get a Garcinia Cambogia free trial so you can try it out. At this website you can also learn a lot more about how this supplement works click here to learn more.
A Last Word
You can ask yourself how many weight loss diets you have done in your life?
Next ask your self if you have been able to maintain the weight loss you have achieved during your weight loss diet?
Finally ask yourself the question if you remember the last day you finished your last day of your weight loss diet?
You probably do not remember because you were not able to finish your last weight loss diet completely because your brain triggered you to eat before. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9639350175857544}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31450', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E5HGHSGJCALYY2P2E6ZKHHQSFNUFHA5R', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3e24f33b-70ee-43a0-aa1a-289eb7e36285>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 22, 3, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '143.95.82.189', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OCEGEX6FQLNZEP7I64XBZEGIPB2SC73A', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:513ca01b-d897-4d75-b2f7-07fee4b8f835>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://rayjoyceblog.com/tag/metabolism/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e866c368-f912-4f38-bf6e-8fc51ec395bc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1701', 'url': 'http://rayjoyceblog.com/tag/metabolism/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-234-147.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02760791778564453', 'original_id': '4b563aed5224b6ddf21218c97a95491ad56644108f7f6b182830d6d235085277'} |
Browsing: david
Being able to travel the world is most people’s dream, but alumnus David Hoffmann has made it a reality… and a business.
Hoffmann’s company,, provides comprehensive information on what to do, where to stay and what to eat in cities around the world. His site hosts videos, a blog and downloadable pocket guides for all of the places that he has visited. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9474574327468872}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '58889', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2D2QRVK6DLSU7I7XNM2KNQREE4BKCVPX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:71550696-12cb-459f-93f0-63910d16786a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 22, 23, 23, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '129.171.193.137', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:W5PZFO2O7QRIUG6PWZMQQ7JWCWBXFWBI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cbd4e856-2af9-4330-9eb4-c4d63d56576f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.themiamihurricane.com/tag/david/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9eef5e07-1aa5-40bf-9981-4341ab7d5659>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '66', 'url': 'http://www.themiamihurricane.com/tag/david/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06133127212524414', 'original_id': '980dd6688737a01b81b44d0eb0b10a1a4424ebe43772cadee91b844f258b2604'} |
Creative Biolabs
Neuroendocrine System
Neuroendocrine System
The nervous system and the neuroendocrine system are closely related, and both are closely related to maintaining homeostasis. Endocrine dysfunction may cause various neurological symptoms, such as headaches, myopathy, and acute encephalopathy including coma. These neurological manifestations can occur in any endocrine disease, including pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal and gonadal diseases. Therefore, it is beneficial to understand the neurological symptoms and signs caused by endocrine diseases when diagnosing and managing endocrine diseases.
Neuroendocrine System
Highlighted Functions
The endocrine glands release hormones into the blood. This allows the hormone to spread to cells in other parts of the body.
Endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way organs work, metabolism and reproduction.
The Neuroendocrine System regulates the release of each hormone. This may depend on the level of hormones already in the blood, or the level of other substances in the blood (such as calcium). Many factors affect hormone levels, such as stress, infection, and changes in the water and mineral balance in the blood.
Cell Signaling
The typical mode of cell signaling in the Neuroendocrine System is endocrine signaling, which uses the circulatory system to reach remote target organs. However, there are other modes, namely paracrine, autocrine and neuroendocrine signaling. On the other hand, the pure neurosecretory signals between neurons belong entirely to the nervous system.
Autocrine—Autocrine signaling is a form of signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger which binds to an autocrine receptor on the same cell, causing cell changes.
Paracrine—An example is somatostatin, which is released by certain pancreatic cells and targets other pancreatic cells.
Clinical Significance
Diseases of the neuroendocrine system are common, including diabetes, thyroid disease, and obesity. Endocrine diseases are characterized by dysregulated hormone release (productive pituitary adenoma), improper response to signals (hypothyroidism), and lack of glands.
Other common diseases caused by endocrine dysfunction include Addison's disease, Cushing's disease and Graves' disease. Cushing's disease and Addison's disease are pathologies involving adrenal dysfunction. Cushing's disease is characterized by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) caused by a pituitary adenoma, which stimulates the adrenal glands and eventually leads to excessive endogenous cortisol. Addison's disease is an endocrine disease caused by insufficient cortisol which is the result of adrenal insufficiency. Graves' disease involves hyperactive thyroid, which produces T3 and T4 hormones.
Creative Biolabs provides a complete list of antibody and protein products to help our customers better understand the interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the nervous system. Specifically, we provide marker antibodies related to (but not limited to) the following types of signaling pathways:
With our easy-to-use guide below, choose the best marker tools you need for your neuroendocrine system research.
For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.
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Go to compare | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8984267115592957}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '87358', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4I7RBB2BDUCXG5SIAYROJN5YRMD4R5DE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b8254522-92a2-4438-8645-fa992744c254>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 27, 5, 55, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.9.100.199', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BYQ3CC7DUI6JPEEFVFBO77NZNBUM6632', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b7173864-5137-40f2-9684-68dfa287d770>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://neuros.creative-biolabs.com/category-neuroendocrine-system-140.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9ae1e6e5-12e2-420e-92a4-3d4662c68acd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '461', 'url': 'https://neuros.creative-biolabs.com/category-neuroendocrine-system-140.htm', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-8\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.36999863386154175', 'original_id': '5823f5b763e318cfe2d58a50e331ad96d529b0de9dc6e29d0c0304f4885aba5f'} |
autosomal recessive
(AW-toh-SOH-mul reh-SEH-siv)
Autosomal recessive inheritance refers to genetic conditions that occur only when mutations are present in both copies of a given gene (i.e., the person is homozygous for a mutation, or carries two different mutations of the same gene, a state referred to as compound heterozygosity).
Pronunciation of dictionary term "autosomal recessive" | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8855286836624146}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '1185', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SZC3K7UNUMGDD3MYHTOZSX2O32GQJWSJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f8be34b2-6f14-41c0-81f2-882260fbff5b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 8, 28, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '140.254.127.206', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C6VBIGWD4AROISEVJSQB6AJDITQ7TQMQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5ed59c9c-9ddf-42cc-8151-7df020d30ede>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://cancer.osu.edu/_layouts/ncipopup.aspx?ID=CDR0000339339', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:67b3afbf-a60e-4e3f-9a50-5c2470f8e70f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '52', 'url': 'http://cancer.osu.edu/_layouts/ncipopup.aspx?ID=CDR0000339339', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9925259947776794', 'original_id': '8c2a26c08fc6470f930a84844e08cc1596dc29f9f67a9d99096030824e506419'} |
Alexa Basketball legend Bryant, his daughter die in helicopter crash
Dhaka, Friday 21 February 2020
Basketball legend Bryant, his daughter die in helicopter crash
Sports Desk
Published: 10:31 AM, 27 January 2020 Updated: 12:07 PM, 27 January 2020
Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna
Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna
Kobe Bryant, one of the most illustrious players in the history of basketball, and his daughter Gianna are among nine people killed in a helicopter crash in California, US.
The 41-year-old US basketball legend was travelling with eight others, including his 13-year-old daughter Gianna, in a private helicopter when it came down and burst into flames in the city of Calabasas, 30 miles west of Los Angeles.
Sheriff Alex Villanueva said the helicopter manifest indicated that nine people were on board when it crashed, raising the number from five in earlier statements by officials. The LA county sheriff said there were no survivors.
Pictures from the scene of the accident, shared by the LA County Sheriff's Department, showing a fire truck and smoke emerging from the hills.
Bryant played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers. He retired in April 2016. His achievements include being the 2008 NBA Most Valuable Player and two-time NBA Finals MVP. He was also NBA scoring champion twice and a two-time Olympic champion.
He famously scored 81 points against the Toronto Raptors in 2006, the second-highest single-game total in NBA history. He also won an Oscar for best short animated film in 2018 for Dear Basketball, a five-minute film based on a love letter to the sport he had written in 2015.
Bryant and his wife, Vanessa, have three other daughters, Natalia, Bianca and Capri. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '125', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9804000854492188}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46122', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QUDTHU352OVJP4DOI7OMYRNULKCQV2CF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1835f397-9a8e-4479-9fdb-3f5c8539ebbe>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 21, 7, 24, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.20.137.48', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:56OWMZU7WJNELCJ3XDBWCWDU2OMTOY4N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:12e51dd2-05b7-4d89-a85e-9b90a330d954>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.daily-bangladesh.com/english/Basketball-legend-Bryant-his-daughter-die-in-helicopter-crash/35971', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c434f4d-6028-422d-965f-91b7fd2c3c19>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '361', 'url': 'https://www.daily-bangladesh.com/english/Basketball-legend-Bryant-his-daughter-die-in-helicopter-crash/35971', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-151.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0679558515548706', 'original_id': 'd9d957273d7720754f097485a683a34dc2c50892cc8bfd4b19cf438897676a0d'} |
GRATTOIR , ex terme de Bijoutier, eft un outil de fer trempé, de diverfes formes, felon le befoin de Vartifte ; il a toûjours une partie tranchante. Pour en comprendre l'utilité , il faut diflinguer dans la ma nœuvre deux tems où l’ouvrier eft obligé de s’en fer vir. 1°. Quand fon lingot eft fondu & forgé d’une certaine épaifleur ; il le découvre avec un grartoir de toutes parts, pour en enlever les pailles ou im puretés provenues de la fonte & des fels dont on s’eft fervi pour faciliter la fufion du métal: il n’eft befoin pour cette opération que d’un gratoir plat pour découvrir, & d’un demi-rond pour enle ver les impuretés profondes: cette opération s’ap pelle épaiiler, Voyez ÉPAILLER. 2°. Quand la tabatiere, garniture, ou autre bijou quelconque , eft au point de perfeétion que pour le polir en dedans il faut le reparer, c’eft-[à le fecond | tems où lartifte eft obligé d'employer cette forte d'outil : pour amener fon bijou à ce point, il a fallu néceflairement qu’il aille plufieurs fois au feu, qu’il reftât plufieurs heures dans l’eau mixte , d’où il a réfulté une efpece de croûte qu'il faut enlever; la fallu en outre employer des foudures qui dans la fufion, laiffent toûjours des fuperfluités qu'il faut faire difparoître, ces bijoux n’étant point égaux dans leurs formes : la diverfité des angles & des cavités qu’il faut nettoyer , décident l’artifte fur la forme qu'il doit donner à fon outil. GRATTOIR, terme de Chauderonnier ; le grattoir or dinaire des Chauderonniers ne differe guere de celui du Monnoyeur, maïs il eft emmanché d’un plus long manche pour pouvoir atteindre au fond des marmi tes , coquemarts , & autres uftenfles de cuifine, qu'ils nettoyent & grattent avec cet inffrument qui eft d'acier, pour les mettre en etat d’être étamés. Ils en ont encore deux autres outre celui-là ; lun qui eft fait en croïffant, pour gratter l’équerre des chauderons, marmites , & autres ouvrages enfon cés ; l’autre qui eft fort court & en forme de cou teau, fert à en gratter les bords, Ces deux fortes de grattoirs ont aufli des manches de boïs ; mais avec cette différence, que les manches des grastoirs en cou teau font toüjours très-courts , & que les grastoirs en croiflant en ont de diverfes longueurs proportion nées à la profondeur des pieces qu’on veut gratter. Voyez les Planches du Chauderonnier, À la partie {u périeure du manche eft le grarroir en croiffant; la partie inférieure eft le gratroir à deux bifeaux. Ces fortes d’ontils font d’acier trempé. GRATTOIR, ( Doreur, } cet inftrument n’a rien de particulier. GRATTOIR, (Ecrivain.) c’eft un inftrument d’a cier d’une forme elliptique & traverfé fur tonte {a longueur d’une arrête ; il eft à deux tranchans, & monté fur un manche de bois. Il fert à enlever les taches du papier. : | GRATTOIR , rerme de Fonderie, eft un outil d’acier crochu par un bout & dentelé ; il {ert à celui qui po lit Pouvrage au fortir de la fonte, pour ôter les épaïfleurs qui peuvent fe trouver à la bronze. GRATTOIR, chez es Formiers , c’eft une vieille lame d'épée avec laquelle on gratte un onvrage quelconque, pour le préparer à recevoir {a derniere façon, Voyez Planche du Formier-Talonnier, fig. 2. GRATTOIR À CREUSER , (Gravure en bois.) c’eft un outil qui fert à polir Le bois, dans la nouvelle ma niere de le préparer felon M. Papillon , pour y gra ver les lointains &c points éclairés. Voyez La figure de cetoutil, Pl, du fuppl. de la Gravure en bois, fig. 2, & la maniere de s’en fervir, immédiatement après les principes de cet art, dans l’arsicle des fecrers & nouvelles manieres de préparer Le bois , &tc, Arricle de M. PAPILLON. La Gravure en cuivre a auf fon grattoir, qui n’a rien de particulier. GRATTOIR À OMBRER , (Gravure en bois.) I ne differe de celui à creufer & polir le bois, qu’en ce qu’il n’eft point courbe à fon taillant ou à fon épaif feur ; 1l n’a que les coins un peu adoucis & peufenfi blement arrondis; ileft très-utile dans la maniere trouvée par M, Papillon, de renforcer les ombres, à gratter artiftement &cprudemmentlestailles,&c. déjà gravées que l’on trouve trop délicates, pour les ren dre plusnourries, leur donner plus de force, & par conféquent les faire ombrer davantage la place où elles ont été faites. Voyez la figure de ces outil, PL, du GRKkRA fépplém. de la Gravure en bois, fig. 5. & la maniere de s’en fervir, 4 l’article GRAVURE. GRATTOIR À ANCHES, ( Lutherie.) repréfenté fig. 12. Planche À. de Lutherie, eft un morceau de bois dur , par exemple, du bois ou du poirier, con cave d’un côté & convexe de l’autre, fur lequel les fateurs de mufettes &de hautbois ratiffent Les lames de rofeau, dont les anches de ces inftrumens font _ faites. Voyez ANCHES DES INSTRUMENS À VENT. . GRATTOIR, erme de Plombier, eft un inftrument de fer plat, court, aflez tranchant, pointu & un peu _recourbé; il a un manche de bois fort court. On s’en fert pour gratter & ratifler les foudures. Voyez les Planches 6 les figures du Plombier. GRATTOIR, outil de Potier d’étain ; il y en a de plufeurs fortes. Le grattoir à deux mains eft plat comme une pleine de tourneur. L’acier couvre la planche ; ainfi al a un taillant de chaque côté, parce qu'il eft émoulu en bifeau comme les crochets, & il a un manche de bois à chaque bout. Il fert à grat ter prefque tout ce qui fe repare à la main. Voyez REPARER. Il y a d’autres grartoirs qu’on nomme prattoirs fous bras, qui fervent à différens ouvrages, tant à repa rer qu'à tourner. Îls ont différentes formes, mais ils n'ont qu'un manche de bois dans lequel on les fait tenir. Voyez les Planches du Potier d’étain. GRATTOIR , (Relieur.) c’eft un morceau de fer épais dans le milieu, & mince par les deux bouts : il y a des dents à fes extrémités ; elles fervent à racler le dos des livres'pour y faire entrer la colle. Il y en a ordinairement une étroite & une large, afin que l'inftrument ferve à des gros volumes & à des perits. Voyez la Planche du Relieur ; voyez aufft FROTTOIR. * GRATTOIR, ( Sculpteur & Sruccateur.) celui du fculpteur eft prefque recourbé à angle droit, & la partie recourbée eft dentelée fur toute fa circonfé rence. Il eft de fer & emmanché dans un morceau de boïs. Celui du ftuccateur fe termine en feuille où fpa tule elliptique, & plus large par le bout qu'ailleurs ; la portion elliptique eft un peu recourbée; elle a auf des dents fur toute fa circonférence. Le nom de cet outil defigne affez l’ufage que l’ar tifie enfait. GRATUIT , adj. (Jwrifprud.) voyez au mot DoN. GRATZ, Graiacum , (Géogr.) ville d'Allemagne capitale de la Suürie, avec un bon château fur une roche, un palais & une académie. Grarz eft, fuivant Cluvier , la Muroëla de Ptolomée ; cependant d’au tres auteurs n’en conviennent point, & même ré voquent en doute fon ancienneté. Elle eft fur le Muer, à 24 lieues S. O. de Vienne , & 18 N. O. de Varadin. Long. fuivant Street, 334, 267, 151, Jaris, AOC CDI) .. GRAUDENTZ, Grudentum, (Géog.) petite ville de Pologne au palatinat de Cuim {ur la Viftule, avec un bon château, à 14 lieues de Dantzig , 8 de ÆThorn, 30 N. O, de Warfovie. Long. 37. 2. lat, 53, 20. (D.J.) . GRAVE, adj. ez terme de Grammaire: on dit, ac cent grave, accent aigll y accent circonflexe ; & cela fe dit également & des différentes élévations du foz, & des fignes profodiques qui les cara&érifent dansles lan gues anciennes, & des mêmes caraûteres, tels que nous les employons aujourd’hui, quoique deftinés à une autre fin (voyez ACCENT). (E.R. M) GRAVE, (Pkyf:) figmfie la même chofe que pe Jant; on dit un corps grave, les graves, Voyez ci après GRAVITÉ. GRAVE, GRAVITÉ, (Gramm. Littérat. & Morale ) Grave, au fens moral, tient toûjours du Phyfique ; ilexprime quelque chofe de poids. C’eit pourquoi on dit, #72 homme sun auteur ; des maximes de poids, Tome FIL, GR A 565$ pOur Lomme , auteur, maximes graves, Le grave eft au férieux ce que le plaifant eft à l’enjoné : 1l a un degré de plus; & ce degré eft confidérable, On peut être férieux par humeur, & même faute d'idées. On eft grave ou par bienféance, on par l’importance des idées qui donnent de la gravité. Il y a de la différence entre être grave &c être un homme grave. C’eft un dé faut d’être grave hors de propos. Celui qui eft grave dans la fociété eft rarement recherché. Un homme grave eft celui qui s’eft concilié de l’autorité plus par fa fagefle que par fon maintien, Pietate gravem ac meritis [? forté virum quem. L'air décent eft néceffaire par-tout; mais l’air grave n’eft convenable que dans les fonctions d’un miniftere important, dans un confeil. Quand la gra viré n’eft que dans le maintien, comme il arrive très fouvent, on dit gravement des inepties. Cette efpece de ridicule infpire de l’averfion. On ne pardonne pas 4 qui veut en impofer par cet air d'autorité & de fuifance, Le duc de la Rochefoucauld a dit que, Ze gravité ee ur myffere du corps inventé pour cacher les défauts de l'efpric. Sans examiner fi cette&xpreffion, rmyftere di corps, eft naturelle & jufte , 1l fuffit de remarquer que la réflexion eft vraie pour tous ceux qui affeétent la gravité, mais non pour ceux qui ont dans l’occafñon une gravité convenable à la place qu'ils tiennent , au lieu où ils font, aux matieres qu'on traite. | Un auteur grave eft celui dont les opinions font fuivies dans les matieres contentieufes. On ne le dit pas d’un auteur qui a écrit fur des chofes hors de doute. Il feroit ridicule d’appeller Euclide, Archi mede, des auteurs graves, Il y a de la gravité dans le ftyle. TiteLive, de Thou, ont écrit avec gravité, On ne peut pas dire la même chofe de T'acite, qui a recherché la précifon, & qui laifle voir de la malignité; encore moins du cardinal de Retz, qui met quelquefois dans fes récits une gaieté déplacée, & qui s’écarte quelquefois des bienféances. Le fyle grave évite les faillies, les plaifanteries PE … ; | sil s'éleve quelquefois au fublime, fi dans l’occafon, il eft touchant, il rentre bien-tôt dans cette fagefte, dans cette fimplicité noble qui fait fon caraétere ; il a de la force, mais peu de hardieffe. Sa plus grande difficulté eft de n’être point monotone. Affaire grave , cas grave , fe dit plütôt d’une caufe criminelle que d’un-procès civil. Maladie grave fup poie du danger. Article de M. DE VozTAarRes. . GRAVE, adj. (Mufique.) fon grave. Voyez SON & GRAVITÉ. (S) GRAVE, o4 GRAVEMENT, adv. (Mufique.) dans la mufique italienne, c'eft le mouvement le plus lent; dans la françoife, il eft feulement le fecond en 7 Le premier s’indique par le mot /erremene, $ ; GRAVE, f. f. RE N c’eft un terrein plein de cailloutage fitué au bord de la mer, fur lequel les pêcheurs étendent la morue ou autres poiffons qw’ils veulent faire fécher. Le mot grave n’eft d’ufage que dans l’île de T'erre-neuve, l’Ifle-royale, & Le golphe Saint-Laurent, où la pêche eft confidérable. (Z GRAVE, Gravia , ( Géogr.) forte ville des Pays= Bas dans le Brabant hollandois. Elle eft fur la rive gauche de la Meufe qui remplit fes foffés, à 2 lieues de Cuyk, à 3 de Nimegue, 6 de Bois-le-Duc , 26 N.E. de Bruxelles, Long. 2,3. 16, lat. 51.46, (D.J.} GRAVELINES , ( Géogr.) les Flamands l’appel lent Grevelingen , en latin moderne Gravaringa, ville forte des Pays-Bas dans la Flandre françoïfe, fur la frontiere de l’Artois. Théodoric comte de Flandres la ft bâtir vers l’an 160, & la nomma Nieupors. Voyez de Valois, noir, gall, page 266. Les forufiça= RRrtr 1 366 GRA tions font du chevalier de Ville 8£ du maréchal de Vauban. Les Anglois prirent Gravelines en 1383, & les François en 1644: l’archiduc Léopold la reprit en 1652, & le maréchal de la Ferté en 1658. Elle fut cédée à la France par le traité des Pyrénées ; elle eft dans un terrem marécageux fur l’Aa, près de la mer, à lieues ©. de Calais, 6 5. O. de Dunker que, 16 S. O. de Gand. Long. fuivant Caflini, 154, 9!. $". latir, 30. $8/. 40". (D. J.) GRAVELLE, f. f. (maladie) voyez PIERRE, GRAVELLE, voyez CENDRES. GRAVELLE ; les Cloutiers d’épingle appellent de ce nom le tartre qui s’attache aux douves de tonneau ; ils le font fécher, &.s’en fervent pour jaunir leurs clous. Voyez JAUNIR. Les Teinturiers fe fervent du même nom. * GRAVER, v. a@. & neut. c’eft imiter les objets de la nature & les fcenes % la vie, avec des traits tracés au burin, ou autrement, fur des fubftances capables de les retenir, & d’en laifler l'empreinte fur le papier, la toile, le fatin, par le moyen de Pim preffion. On grave fur prefque toutes les matieres du tes, le fer, l’acier, la pierre, le cuivre, le bois, &c. Voyez ces différens travaux aux articles GRAVURE. GRAVER, en terme d'Artificier, fe dit de l'effet d’un feu trop vif à l'égard d’un cartouche qui n’eft pas de force fufifante pour y réfifter parfaitement, foit parce que les révolutions du carton ne font pas exa £tement collées les unes fur les autres, foit parce qu’elles ne font pas aflez nombreufes, ce qui fait que le cartouche perce ou fe fend, Didionn. de Trév. GRAVER, en terme de Bouronnier, c’eft l’aêtion d'imprimer fur un cerceau tel ou tel deflein. On a pour cela des poinçons qui couvrent tout le cer ceau ; & d’un coup de marteau fort ou foible, felon l’épaifleur de la piece, on y marque l’empreinte du poinçon. Quoiqu'il ny ait rien de trop merveilleux dans cette efpece de gravure, ceux qui la font ne laiffent pas de fe cacher foigneufement pour travail ler : fi c’eft dé peur qu’on ne leur dérobe leur fe cret, où eft-1l donc ce fecret ? Il eft plus vraiflem blable de croire que c’eft pour prêter à cette ma nœuvre une difficulté imaginaire, qui abufe ceux qui voudroient s’occupér dans cette partie, ou pour donner du felief à leur ouvrage, &c fe faire mieux payer de leur tems. Si c’eft cela, ces ouvriers ne font pas mal-adroits. GRAVER, en terme de Piqueur en tabatiere , c’eft tra cer les defleins fur la tabatiere, en forte que les traits ne s’effacent point; ce qui arriveroit, fi l’on ne fe fervoit que du crayon ou d’autre matiere fem blable, On ne peut cependant faire aucun ufage du burin dans cette opération ; fa forme triangulaire feroit des traits qui couvriroient les clous, &c. mais on ne fe fert que d’une aiguille ordinaire. GRAVESENDE , (Géogr.) petite ville d’Angle terre, dans la province de Kent, fur la Tamife, à 20 milles au -deflous de Londres, & à 7 de Rochefñter. C’eft un port & paflage trèsfréquenté. Long. 17. 58. latir, 81. 30: (D. J.) GRAVEUR er cuivre, en acier , au burin, à l’eau forte , en bois, en maniere noire, @ en clair-obfeur , (Arcs modernes.) ce font-là autant d’artiftes qui par le moyen du deffein & de lincifion fur les matieres dures , imitent les lumieres & les ombres des objets vifibles, Les glorieux monumens du favoir des anciens ont prefque tous péri : mais fi à tant d’avantages qu'ils {emblent avoir fur nous ils avoient joint l’art de gra ver, que de richeffes nous en reviendroient ? elles tromperoient notre douleur, ranri folatia luëtés ! & peut-être nous appercevrions-nous moins de nos pertes. Il feroit fans doute échappé quelques em preintes de tant de rares produétions de leur génie ; nous aurions du-moins quelques images des grands hommes que nous admirons , ce patrimoine de la poftérité, & qui la touche fi fort. Cependant loin de nous affliger davantage cherchons dans ce que nous avons, des motifs de confolation fur ce que nous n'avons plus. Ne fongeons deformais qu’à tirer parti de la découverte admirable de la Gravure, moyen für de faire pañler d'âge en âge jufqu’à nos derniers: neveux , les connoïffances que nous ayons acquifes, T'envifage les produétions de ce bel art comme un parterre émaillé de quantité de fleurs variées dans les formes & les couleurs , qui quoique moins pré cieufes les unes que les autres, concourent toute fois à l'effet de ce tout enfemble brillant, que les yeux du fpeltateur avide ne peuvent fe laffer de con fidérer. Tels font les ouvrages des habiles Graveurs qu'un curieux délicat a {à réunir dans fon cabinet ; il les parcourt avec un plaïfir fecret ignoré des hommes fans goût : tantôt il adnure à quel point de grands maîtres ont porté leur burin par une touche forte, vigoureufe & hardie ; tantôt il fe plaît à voir la cor reétion qui fe préfente fous des travaux plus agréa bles ; enfuite fatisfait des beautés propres au burin, il paffe à celles de l’eau-forte , qui moins recherchée dans fes atours, lui peint l’aimablé nature dans fa fimplicité : telle 1l la chérit dans les eftampes du Par mefan , du Guide, & autres grands peintres qui ont laïffé couler leurs penfées fur le cuivre avec cette fa cilité qu’on retrouve dans leurs deffeins. Anfelme, la généalogie , la naïflance , les noms des rois, des princes , des grands feigneurs ; l’'Éncyclo pédie ne leur doit rien à ce titre, mais elle doit tout aux Arts & aux talens.. Albert Durer , né à Nuremberg en 1470, & dont j'ai parlé comme peintre au 707 ÉCOLE, ne laifle preique à defirer dans les ouvrages de fon terns, dont les Italiens eux-mêmes profiterent, finon que cetil luftre artifte eût connu l’antique, pout donner à fes figures autant d'élégance que de vérité. Aldegraf , (Albert) né en Weftphalie, difciple de Durer, en a faifi la maniere, & s’eft fait autrefois une grande réputation, Audran , (Gérard) mort en 1703 âgé de foïxan te-trois ans, à exercé fon burin à multiplier les prands morceaux du Pouflin, de Mignard, & autres. On connoit fes magnifiques eftampes des bataïlles d’A lexandre , qu’il a gravées d’après les defleins de le Brun : l’œuvre de cet artifte ef recommandable pat la force & le bon goût dé fa maniere. Baldini , (Baccio) florentin, fut éleve de Mafo Fi niguerra, inventeur du fécret de la Gravure en cui vre , & fit paroître encore quelque chofé de mieux que fon maître, | Belle, (Etienne de la) né à Florence en 1610, mort : dans la même ville en 1664, acquit une maniere d’eau-forte très-expéditive, & d’un fi grand effet, que quelques curieux le mettent au-déflus de Callot. Si la maniere de ce maître n’eft point fi finie de #ra vure ni fi précife de deflein que celle de Callot, fa touche eft plus hibre , plus favänte, & plus pittoref que : peu de gens l'ont furpañflé pour l’efprit, la fineñle, G R À $z la legereté de la pointe. Il a généralement négli gé les piés & les mains de fes petites figures , mais {es têtes ont une noblefle & une beauté de caraétere {éduifante ; fon œuvre eft très-confidérable, Bénédeite Caftiglione , peintre & graveur , né à Gè nes en 1616, mort à Mantoue en 1670, a gravé à Peau forte plufieurs pieces, où il a mis autant d’ef prit que de goût. Le clair-obfcur de fes eftampes fait le charme des connoïffeurs. Bloëmaert, (Corneille) né à Gorkum vers l'an 1606, eft un des plus célebres graveurs au burin ; &e c’eftune chofe étonnante, qu'avec uné maniere pre cife & finie il ait pù donner autant d'ouvrages que nous en avons de lui. Frédéric Bloëmaert eft bien inférieur à Corneille. Bloëreling , un des grands artiftes de Hollande, a principalement réufhi dans la gravure en mamere noire. Blond, (Michel le) mort à Amfterdam en 1656, a laiffé plufieurs monumens de fon habileté dans la gravure. | Bolifwert (Scheldt) né dans les Pays-Bas, a beau coup travaillé d’après les ouvrages de Rubens, de Vandick, & de Jordan, dont il a rendu le goût & les grands effets, Adam & Boëce Bolswert n'ont pas eu les rares talens de Scheldt , & cependant ils font mis au nombre des bons artiftes, Boffe , (Abraham) né à Tours au commencement du dernier fiecle, avoit une maniere de graver à . Feau-forte qui lui eft particuliere ; fes eftampes font agréables. Il étoit favant dans la Perfpeëtive & dans PÂrchite&ure. Nous avons de lui deux bons traités, lun fur la maniere de defliner, l’autre fur l’art de la Gravure. Bruyn, (Nicolas de) a fait quantité de grands mor ceaux au burin, entre lefquels il y en a qui font finis avec beaucoup de foin; fa maniere eft d’une pro preté charmante , mais feche & maigre ; on luire proche encore un goût de deffein gothique. x Bry , (Théodore de) eft mis au rang des petits maï tres, quoiqu'il ait gravé plufieurs morceaux d’hif toire ; les eftampes qu’il a copiées d’après d’autres eftampes , & qu'il a réduites en petit, font plus efti mées que Les originaux : s’il y a beaucoup de netteté & de propreté, 1l y a aufli trop de fechereffe dans fon burin. Callot , (Jacques) né à Nancy en 1593, mort dans la même ville en 163 5; il s’échappa deux ou trois fois de la maifon paternelle dans fa tendre jeunefle , pour {e livrer à la Gravure; arrivé à Florence, le grand duc Côme II. charmé de fes talens, prit foin de fe l'attacher ; c’eft alors que Callot imagina fes petits fujets, dans lefquels il a fi bien réuffi. Son œuvre con tient environ feize cents pieces, la plüpart gravées À l'eau-forte, & ce font les plus eftimées ; 1l a fü ren dreles moindres chofes intéreflantes par la facilité du travail, l’expreffion desfigures, le choix &r la diftri bution. On recherchera todjours fes foires, fes fup plices, fes miferes de la guerre, fa paññon, fon éven tail, fon parterre, &c fa grande rue de Nancy. L’ef prit & la finefle de fa pointe, le feu &c Pabondance de fon génie, la variété de fes grouppes fans contraf tes forcés, font les délices des amateurs. Carrache , (Auguflin) également verfé dans les Sciences & dans les Beaux-Arts, a gravé plufieurs morceaux au burin, d’après le Corrège, le Tintoret, le Barroche, Voënius , & Paul Véronefe. On admire dans fes pieces la plus grande correétion, qui fe pré fente fous des travaux agréables. | Château , (Guillaume) natif d'Orléans ,mort à Pa sis en 1683, âgé de cinquante ans , a mis au Jour d’aflez bonnes eftampes , d’après les ouvrages du Pouffin. Chauveau, (François) mort à Paris en 1674, s’e G R A 867 xerça d’abord à graver au burin quelques tableaux de la Hire ; mais il quitta bien-tôt le burin pour graver à l’eau-forte {es propres penfées. Si l’on ne trouve point dans fes ouvrages la douceur & le moëlleux de la gravure, on y voit avec, étonnement le feu, la force, la variété, & le tour ingénieux defes com poñitions. Lorfqu’on s’adrefloit à lui pour quelque deffein,1l prenoit auffi-tôt une ardoife, & y crayon noit fon fujet en plufeurs façons différentes, jufqu’à ce qu’on fût content, ou qu'il le fût lui-même; car on l’étoit fouvent , qu’il ne l’étoit pas encore, Clerc , (Sébaflien le) né à Metz en 1637, mort à Parisen 1714. Il mania le burin avec fuccès, & fe diftingua dans la gravure à l’eau-forte : fon œuvre eft très-confidérable & très-variée. Ses compoñitions font gracieufes, fa gravure nette, & fa touche fa cile, Ses meilleures pieces font 19. le catafalque en l'honneur du chancelier Séguier , mort en 1672:2°. la pierre du Louvre, eftampe de 1679: 3°. l'arc de triomphe de 1680 : Ze grand concile , & le S, Augufhin préchant, toutes deux de 1633, & toutes deux les plus rares vignettes de fon burin: 4°. /a paffron de Notre Seigneur, en trente-fix planches, en 1695 : 5°. La multiplication des pains, en 1696: 6°. l'entrée criom phante d'Alexandre dans Babylone , en 1706, &c. C’eft dans ces morceaux recherchés des gens de de goût, que l’on apperçoit les talens de cet artifte. Coëch, (Pierre) naquit à Aloft, &t mouruten 1551. IEvoyagea en Italie & enfuite dans le Levant, où il fit une fuite de defleins qui repréfentoient des céré monies des Turcs; & ces deflems ont été depuis gra vés en bois. Cort, (Corneille) né en Hollande, vivoit dans le feizieme fiecle ; il fe fixa à Rome , & devint un des plus correéts graveurs qu'il y ait eu. Ce fut de lui qu’ Auguftin Carrache apprit la gravure , & c’eft lui qui publia le premier les ouvrages de Raphaël & du Titien. Dadffier ; (les) pere & fils ,de Genève, ont rendu leurs noms célebres par lé même talent : leurs belles médailles d’après nature & plufieurs autres ouvra ges de leur burin, prouvent qu'ils font dignes d’é= tre comptés parmi les plus célebres graveurs. Drever, (Pierre) les Drevet pere & fils, tous deux nommés Pierre, fe font acquis une très-grande répu tation par leur burin : on connoiït les portraits qu'ils ont gravés d’après Rigaud. Drevet fils eft mort à Paris en 1739, âgé de quarante-deux ans. Edelinck, (Gérard) ou le Chevalier, natuf d'Anvers, mort en 1707 dans un âge fort avancé, a gravé des pieces qui font des chefs-d’œuvre, où regnent la pu reté de burin ; la fonte, &c la couleur; M. Colbert l’attira en France. Nous avons de lui des eftampes des hommes illuftres , une fainte-famille d’après Ra phaël, la famille de Darius, & la Madèleine de le Brun , trois pieces admirables; mais il regardoit le portrait de Champagne comme fon triomphe. : Falda, (Jear-Baptifle) né en Italie, a donné des eftampes à l’eau-forte, qui font d’un très-bon goût : fes livres des palais, des vignes, des fontaines de Rome & des environs, font auffi très-recherchés. Golg, (Henry) né en 1558 dans le duché de Ju liers, mort à Harlem en 16:7, il a gravé plufieurs fujets en diverfes manieres. On a beaucoup de fes eftampes extrèmement eftimées , faites d’après les deffeins qu'il avoit apportés d'Italie : fi celles de fon invention ont quelquefois un goût de deflein.un peu rude, on admire en échange la legereté , la fermeté, & tous les autres talens de ce célebre artifte. Le Guide; dont le pinceau leger & la touche gra cieufe enchantent, déploya le même efprit dans les gravures à l’eau-forte, qu’il fit d’après les tableaux de piété des grands maîtres d'Italie. Hollard , (Vinceflas) né à Prague en 1607, tenta 36 GRA d'imiter avec la pointe le beau fini du burin, &c fes fuccès répondirent à fes vûes ; il conduifit donc leau forte avec toute l'intelligence poffible, en connut les gradations, en développa les reflources, enfin ap prit à s'en fervir; fl excella dans les fourrures, les payfages , les animaux, les infeétes; mais 1l wa pas également réufli dans les grands fujets, parce que le deffein & la corre@ion manquoïent à fes talens. Lafne, (Michel) natif de Caën, mort en 1667, âgé de foixante-douze ans. Il a donné quelques planches au burin d’après Raphaël, Paul Véronèfe, Rubens, Annibal Carrache , Vouet, le Brun, & autres : il a aufñ fait des morceaux de fon génie, dans lefquels tes paffions font aflez bien exprimées. Lucas de Leyden , né en 1494,mort en 1533, fut le rival & l’ami d'Albert Durer. On a de lui une grande quantité d’eftampes gravées au burin, à l’eau forte, & en bois. Luyken, (Jean) né à Amfterdam en 1649, morten 1712, montra dans fon œuvre qui eft très-confidé rable , beaucoup de feu, d'imagination, & de facilite. Mantegne , (André) né gardeur de moutons près de Padoue en 1451, avoit reçu de la nature un heu reux génie qui le tira bien-tôt de cette condition fervile , en lui infpirant le goût des Arts qui anno blffent l’origine la plus abjeéte, & font rechercher l’homme à talens pour lui-même, & non pour fes ayeux, Mantegne au lieu de veiller à-la garde de fon troupeau, s’amufoit à le defliner ; un peintre le vit, le prit chez lui, l’éleva, l’adopta pour fon fils, l’inf titua fon héritier. Jacques Bellin enchanté de fon ca raétere & de fes talens, lui donna fa fille en maria ge : Le duc de Mantoue le combla d’honneurs & de bienfaits , il le créa chevalier en reconnoiflance de fon excellent tableau connu fous le nom du sriomphe de Céfar on a gravé de clair-obfcur en neuf feuilles ce chef-d'œuvre du pinceau de Mantegne ; mais il s’eft couvert de gloire par l'invention ou la perfec tion de la gravure au burin pour fes eftampes. Il grava lui-même plufeurs pieces fur des planches d’étain d’après fes propres defleins. Il mourut en 1517, agé de foixante-fix ans. Mantuan , (Georges le) nous avons auf de lui di vers beaux morceaux gravés au burin. Marc-Antoine, (Raymond) natif de Bologne, flo rifloit au commencement du feizieme fiecle ; il ef faya fes forces avec fuccès contre Albert Durer , fe mit à copier la pañlion que ce maître avoit donnée en trente-fix morceaux, & grava fur fes planches, ainfi que lui À. B. Tous les connoïffeurs s’y trompe rent , 6 Albert Durer fit un voyage à Rome pour porter au pape fes plaintes contre fon rival. Marc Antoine devint le graveur favori de Raphaël, dont il a répandu les ouvrages & la gloire par-tout où il y a quelque étincelle de goût & de favoir. Ce fut en core Marc-Antoinequi grava les eftampes quifurent miles au-devant des fonnets infames de l’Arétin. L’e xatitude du deflein de ce fameux maître, la dou ceur & Le charme de fon burin, feront toûüjours re chercher fes eftampes, Mafo , dit Finiguerra , né à Florence, inventa dans le quinzieme fiecle le fecret de graver fur le cuivre; iltravailloit en Orfévrerie l’an 1460, & avoit coûtu me de faire une empreinte de terre de tout ce qu'il gravoit fur l'argent pour émailler ; au moment qu'il jettoit dans ce moule de terre du foufre fondu, il s’apperçut que ces dernieres empreintes étant frot tées d'huile & de noir de fumée, repréfentoient les traits qui étoient gravés fur l’argent.Il tronva dans ‘la füuitele moyen d'exprimer les mêmes figures fur “du papier en l’humeëtant, & en paflant un rouleau très-uni fur l'empreinte ; ce qui lui réuffit tellement, que fes figures paroïfloient imprimées & comme deflinées avec la plume, GR A Cet effai donna l’être à la Gravure, foible entre _ fes mains, puifque les Arts fortoient à-péine des té nebres éparfes où l'ignorance les avoit laiflés près de mille ans enfevelis. La découverte de Mafo ne reçut qu'un accroiflement infenfible de Baldini, or fevre de la même ville de Florence, à qui notre ar tite l’avoit communiqué ; il falloit un peintre pour Paméliorer: car fi l’heureux génie de la Peinture n'infpire le graveur, vainement s’eforce-til d’y réuf fir : cet art parut donc avec un grand avantage dans les morceaux qui furent gravés alors par Mantegne, dont nous avons parlé tout-à-l’heure. Maÿon , (Antoine) a fur-tout excellé dans les gra= vures de portraits ; {es difciples d’Emmaüs font un chef-d'œuvre. Son burin eft ferme & également gra cieux: on prétend qu’il s’étoit fait une maniere de graver toute particuliere, & qu’au lieu de faire agir la main fur la planche, comme c’eft l’ordinaire pour conduire le burin felon la forme du trait que l’on y veut exprimer, 1l tenoit au contraire fa main droite fixe, & avec la main gauche 1l faïtoit agir la plan che fuivant le fens que la taille exigeoit. J'ignore l’année de la naiffance & de la mort de ce grand maitre. Mellan , (Claude) né à Abbeville en 1601, mort en 1688. « Ce célebre graveur en taille-douce, dit M. » Perrault, eut deux grands avantages fur la plüpart » de fes confreres : le premier, c’eft qu’il n’avoit pas » feulement le don de graver avec beaucoup de gra » ce & d'élégance les tableaux des excellens maitres, » mais qu'il étoit aufh l’auteur & l’ouvrier de pref » que tous les deffeins qu'il gravoit ; de forte qu’on » doit le regarder comme un habile graveur & com » me un grand deffinateur tout enfemble ; on pour » roit ajoüter, comme peintre, car il a peint des ta » bleaux de bon goût : le fecond avantage , plus » grand encore que le premier , c’eft qu’il a inventé » lui-même la maniere admirable de graver dont il » s’eit fervi dans la plüpart de fes ouvrages ». Les graveurs ordinaires ont prefque autant de tail les différentes qu’ils ont de différens objets à repré fenter: autre eft celle dont ils fe fervent pour la chair, foit du vifage, foït des mains, ou des autres parties du corps, autre celle qu’ils employent pour les vêtemens , autre celle dont ils repréfentent la terre, l’eau, l'air, & le feu, & même dans chacun de ces objets ils varient leur taille & le maniement de leur burin en plufeurs façons différentes, Mellan imi toit toutes chofes avec de fimples traits mis auprès les uns des autres, {ans jamais les croifer en quelque maniere que ce foit, fe contentant de les faire ou plus forts ou plus foibles, felon que le demandoïent les parties, les couleurs , les jours, & les ombres de ce qu'il repréfentoit. Ila je cette gravure à une telle perfection, qu'ileft difficile d’y rien ajoûter, & l’on n’a pointen core entrepris d'aller plus loin dans cette forte de travail: ce n'eft pas que Mellan ne fût pratiquer la maniere des autres graveurs ; il a fait beaucoup d’ef tampes à double taille, qui font très-belles & très eftimées ; mais 1l s’eft plus adonné à celle qui eft fimple ; &c c’eft par celle-là qu'il s’eft le plus diftin gué. Parmi fes ouvrages il y'en a un qui paroît mériter d’être plus admiré que les autres, c'eft une tête de Jefus-Chrift deflinée & ombrée avec fa couronne d’épines, & le fang quiruiflele de tous côtés, d’un feul & unique trait, qui commençant par le bout du nez, & allant toüjours en tournant , forme exrcte ment tout ce qui eft repréfenté dans cette eftampe par la feule différente épaiffeur de ce trait, qui felon qu'il eft plus ou moins gros, fait des yeux, un nez, une bouche, des joues, des cheveux, du fang & des épines, le tout fi bien repréfenté & avec upe telle GR A marque de douleur 8 d’afliion, que rien n’eft plus trifie ni plus touchant, On met encore au rang des chefs-d'œuvre de fa gravure , fa galerie juftinien ne, fon portrait de Juflinien, & celui de Clément VIEIL | Son œuvre contient une infinité de pieces curieu fes. Il fut choïfi pour repréfenter les figures antiques & les buftes du cabinet du roi de France ; fon burin réufit parfaitement dans ces fortes d'ouvrages, qui étant tons d’une couleur , s’accommodent bien de l’uniformité de {a gravure , laquelle n’étant point croïfée ,conferve une blancheur très-convenable au marbre qu’elle repréfente. Enfin fes gravures avoient plus de feu, plus de vie, & plus de liberté que le deffein même qu'il imi| toit, contre ce qu'il arrive aux autres graveurs, dont les ouvrages {ont toljours moins vifs que le deffein & le tableau qu'ils copient. Cet avantage de Mellan ne peut venirque du goût qu'il prenoit à fontravail, &c de l’extrème facilité qu'il avoit à conduire fon burin de la maniere qu’il lui plaïfoit. Mérian , (Marthieu) naquit à Bâle en 1593, & mourut à Schwalsbach en 165 r. Il eft célebre par fon habileté dans l’art de graver à l’eau -forte, par fon fils Gafpard Mérian qui fe diflingua dans le même genre, & par fa fille Marie Sybille Mérian, encore plus connue. Les principaux ouvrages de Matthien Mérian pere, font le théatre de l'Europe, la Danie des morts, cent-cinquante figures hiftoriques de la bible , &c un grand nombre de payfages. Nanteuil, (Robert) né à Rheïms en 1630, mort à Paris en 1678 :1l na gravé que des portraits, mais aveciune précifion & une pureté de burin qu’on ne peut trop admirer. Son recueil eft très-confidérable, puifqu'il contient plus de deux cents quarante ef tampes. , Nanteuil après avoir peint Louis XIV. en pañtel, le grava aufli grand que nature ; cequin’avoit point encore été tenté par perfonne avec fuccès: jufque là il avoit été prefque impofñhble aux plus habiles graveurs de bien repréfenter avec le feul blanc du papier & le feul noir de l’encre , toutes les autres couleurs que demande un portrait lorfqu'il eft en grand ; car lorfqu'il eft en petit, l'imagination de celui qui le regarde y fupplée. Cependant dans le portrait du roi par Nanteuil, la couleur naturelle du teint , le vermeil des joues, & le rouge des le vres y eft marqué ; au lieu que dans les portraits de cette même grandeur faits par la plüpart des autres artiftes, le teint paroïît plombé , les joues livides, & les levres violettes ; enforte qu’on croit plütôt voir des hommes noyés que des hommes vivans:le por trait dont je parle eft peut-être le plus bel ouvrage de cette efpece qui ait jamais vû Le jour. Nanteuil a gravé de la même maniere le portrait de la reine mere de Louis XIV. celui du duc d'Orléans , du car dinal Mazarin, du maréchal de Turenne, & de quel ques autres perfonnes , qui lui ont acquis une répu tation que le tems n’a point encore effacée. Ce célebre artifte avoit gagné par fon talent plus -de cinquante mille écus, & en laiffa très-peu à fes héritiers, ayant toùjours fait {ervir la fortune à fes plaifirs. Au refte , il eft un exemple de ces hommes quife fontengagés dans leurprofeñion par une incli nation dominante : fon pere fit les mêmes efforts pour l'empêcher de devenir graveur , que les parens font ordinairement pour obliger les enfans à s'inftruire dans quelque profefion; mais Nantewl éluda les vains efforts de fon pere ; il montoit en fecret fur des arbres pour n'être point vù, & s’y cachoit fanscefle pour deffiner à loifir. Le Parmefan partagea fon goût entre la Gravure & la Peinture, deux arts qu'il eût porté au degré le “plus éminent, file deflin qui lui donna tant de rap G R A 869 port avec Raphaël par la fécondité du génie , toû jours tourné du côté de l'agrément & de la gentil lefle, n’eût terminé fes jours par une mort ésalement prématurée. | Pens, (Georges) natif de Nuremberg, floriffoit au commencement du feizieme fecle ; {es gravures en taille-douce font eftimées : 1l y: marquoit fon nom par ces deux lettres ainfi difpofées, æ Pérelle ; nous avons déux artiftés francois de ce nom, qui fe font illuftrés dans la gravure du pay fage. Perrier, (François) né à Mâcon en 1590, mort à Paris en 1650, s’eft diftingné par fes gravures à l’eau forte ; on eftime fur-tout celles qui repréfentent les antiques , Les bas-reliefs de Rome, & dans le moder ne, plufieurs chofes d’après Raphaël: il grava auf quelques antiques dans la maniere du clair-obfeur , que le Parmefan avoit le premier mis en ufage, Picard , (Bernard) né à Paris en 1673 ,mort à Am fterdam en 1733, étoit fils d’Etienne Picard, furnom mé /e Romain, homme de réputation dans la gravu re. Bernard s’attacha fur-tout à mettre beaucoup de propreté &c de netteté dans fes ouvrages pour plaire à la nation chez laquelle il s’étoit retiré , & qui aime paflionnément le fini, & le travail où brille la pa tience : 1l ne fut guere occupé en Hollande que par les libraires , mais il avoit foin de garder une quanti té d'épreuves de toutes les planches qu'il gravoit ; & les curieux qui vouloient faire des colleétions , les achetoient à tout prix : fes defleins étoient auf fort chers. On connoït fes planches des métamorphofes d’Ovide. Quand ce maitre s’elt écarté de fa maniere léchée, il a exécuté des chofes très-piquantes, & fes compo fitions en grand nombre font honneut à fon génie ; les penfées enfont belles & pleines de nobleffe, mais quelquefois trop recherchées & trop allégoriques. Il à fait un nombre d’eftampes qu’il nomma /es im poflures innocentes , parce qu'il avoit tâché d’imiter les différens goûts pittorefques de certains maîtres favans qui n’ont gravé qu’à l’eau-forte, tels que le Guide, le Rembrand, Carle-Maratte, & autres ; il réufht & eut le plaïifr de voir fes eftampes achetées par ceux-là même qui fe donnoïent pour connoif. feuts du goût &x dela maniere des peintres, Bernard a publié le catalogue de fon œuvre. _ Pippo, (dit Philippe de Santa-Croce) s'eft autant difingué par le beau fini & l’extrème délicateffe qu'il mettoit dans fes ouvrages, que par le choix fin gulier de la matiere qu'il employoit pour fon travail. Ce graveur s'amuloit à tailler fur des noyaux de pru= nes & de cerifes, de petits bas-reliefs compofés de plufieurs figures, mais fi fines qu’elles devenoient im perceptibles à la vûe : ces figures font néanmoins dans toutes leurs proportions. : Poilly , (François) né à Abbeville en 1625, mort à Paris en 1693, a mis au jout une œuvre très-con fidérable, quoiqu'il donnât beaucoup de tems & de foin à finir fes planches, La précifon, la netteté, & le moelleux de fon burin, font rechercher fes ouvra ges, dans lefquels il a fù conferver la nobleffe, les -graces , & lefprit des grands-maîtres qu’il a copiés, Nicolas Poilly, fon frere, mort en 1696 âgé de foi xante-dix ans ,s’eft diftingué dans la gravure du por trait; Pun & l’autre ont laïffé des enfans qui fe font appliqués à leur profefion. Le Rembran fit pañler la chaleur de fa peinture jufque dans la maniere de graver dont il eft l’inven teur, Quelle touche , quelle harmome, quels effets furprenans! font-ce des effampes ou des deffeins ? la belle & l’extrème facilité qui ÿ regnent pourroient induire enterrenr , fi la fermeté du travail dans cer: tains endroits ne le déceloit ; en marchant par des 870 GR A routes nouvelles, il a rapproché la gravure de fon | vrai point de vüe, qui eft de rendre toutes fortes d’objets uniquement par l’ombre & la lumiere, en les oppofant alternativement avec tant d'entente , qu'il en réfulte le relief le plus féduifant, Il envifagea fon art comme la fcene où les carac teres ne frappent point s'ils ne font exagérés : 1l crut devoir s’abandonner à une impétuofité qui produit fouvent un certain defordre dans le faire ; mais ce defordre ne peut rebuter que ceux dont les idées fu perficielles cherchent dans la gravure des travaux refroïidis ; trop faits aux afféteries de nos modernes,. ils font infenfibles aux beautés fortes du Rembrand. Elles doivent fans doute trouver de lindulgence pour les négligences de détail qu'on remarque dans fes eftampes, parmi lefquelles la piece où J.C. gué rit les malades (piece connue fous le nom de cezr flo rins , parce qu'il la vendoit ce prix-là , même de fon vivant ) prouve décidemment que cette maniere eft fufceptible du fini le plus flatteur. Il feroit encore à fouhaiter que ce célebre artifte fe fût appliqué à variér fes produétions ; les objets dé jà fi féduifans par le charme de fon clair-obfcur, en euflent été mieux caraëtérifés, Enfin Rembrand ne connut point l’élégance du Deffein ; fils d’un artifan, il modela fes penfées fur les objets qui meubloient fa chaumiere: trop héureux s’il eût adhéré aux idées ju dicieufes de fon propre pere, qui remarquant en lui avec plaifir un efprit au-deflus de fon âge , envoya étudier à Leyde ; mais il ne fut pas profiter de ce tems précieux où l’education pouvoit fi bien corri ger le vice du terroir; fon goût feroit infenfiblement devenu délicat & corrett; enfuite confidérant fon art fous un autre coup-d’œil, il l’auroit embelli, com me l’Albane, des dépouilles de la Litrérature. On a fait à Paris un catalogue raifonné de l’œuvre du Rembrand. Romain de Hooge , hollandoiïs, a terni fes talens par la corruption de fon cœur; on lui reproche en core l’incorreétion du Deflein , & le goût des fujets allégoriques ou d’une fatyre triviale. Roullet , (Jean Louis) né à Arles en 1645, mort à Paris en 1609, fe rendit à Rome pour y exercer la Gravure ; de retour en France, fes talens ne furent point oïfifs. On loue fes ouvrages pour la correc tion du Deffein, la pureté, & l'élégance. S'adeler, (Jean) né à Bruxelles en 15 ÿo, mort à Ve nife , fit, ainfi que fon frere Raphaël, des ouvrages aflez eftimés ; mais ils eurent l’un & l’autre un ne veu, Gilles Sadeler, qui les furpañfa de loin par la fé vérité du Deffein, par le goût & la netteté de fon travail: les empereursRodolphe IT. Matthias, &c Fer dinand II. fe l’attacherent par leurs bienfaits. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'EncyclopeYdieouVIIDide_155', 'collection': 'French-PD-diverse', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1751.0', 'title': 'Encyclopédie, ou, Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers', 'creator': "Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784 | Alembert, Jean Le Rond d', 1717-1783 | Papillon, Jean-Michel, 1698-1776, wood-engraver | Mouchon, Pierre, 1733-1797", 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7609', 'token_count': '12836', '__index_level_0__': '14702', 'original_id': '09c1ecdbd1e8db6bc0db776c647331b2b84cb56d10bcf610ff7c48d7ea1e8932'} |
WASHINGTON (AP) - Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif is denying his country would interfere with the upcoming U.S. presidential election and says his government doesn’t have a preference in the race.
In an interview to air Sunday on NBC’s “Meet the Press,” Zarif also accuses the U.S. of initiating a cyberwar with his country and warns that “any war the United States starts it won’t be able to finish.”
The interview took place in New York, which Zarif visited this past week to attend meetings at the United Nations. NBC provided a partial transcript on Saturday.
When “Meet the Press” moderator Chuck Todd noted that U.S. intelligence included Iran among the countries attempting to interfere with the U.S. election, Zarif responded, “We don’t have a preference in your election to intervene in that election.”
“We don’t interfere in the internal affairs of another country,” Zarif said later. “But there is a cyber war going on.”
The Iranian official cited Stuxnet, a computer virus that is widely believed to be a joint creation of the U.S. and Israel and is blamed for disrupting thousands of Iranian centrifuges in an effort to damage its nuclear program.
“The United States started that cyber war, with attacking our nuclear facilities in a very dangerous, irresponsible way that could’ve killed millions of people. You remember Stuxnet?” Zarif said.
He added: “So there is a cyber war … and Iran is engaged in that cyber war. But the United - any war that the United States starts, it won’t be able to finish.”
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#0057d7 hex color
#0057d7 Color Information
In a RGB color space, hex #0057d7 is composed of 0% red, 34.1% green and 84.3% blue.
Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 100% cyan, 59.5% magenta, 0% yellow and 15.7% black.
It has a hue angle of 215.7 degrees, a saturation of 100% and a lightness of 42.2%.
#0057d7 color hex could be obtained by blending #00aeff with #0000af.
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The Keys to Reasonable Tenant Fees
As a landlord, your job isn’t to make people happy. Granted, that is part of the equation, but you’re also in the business because it’s a good way to make money.
However, you can’t make money in a way that strikes your tenants as overly garish or greedy. One of the biggest mistakes you can make is charging unreasonable tenant fees. It erodes any trust your renters might have had in you, and it also makes them more likely to move out when their lease is up. Here are three ways to know if those fees you’re charging are reasonable.
Are they in line with other tenant fees in the area?
Renters know to brace themselves if the rent starts rising at other properties in their city. Once a few property manages start raising the rent, then it can reach the point where housing becomes all but unaffordable in certain cities and neighborhoods. It’s not only happening in big city markets like San Francisco and Seattle, either. In 1995, the median rent was $425 across the US. By 2017, the median asking price for rent had reached $864, according to numbers from the US Census Bureau.
Many renters are already on edge and wondering if they’ll be able to afford the next rent hike, and they’ll also be upset if the rent stays the same but tenant fees shoot up. You may think you’re doing your renters a favor by increasing the cost of parking rather than raising the rent, but that’s not always true. Are other rental properties charging $100 a month for uncovered parking? If not, take a step back and reconsider. Maybe it’s best to charge $50 a month and see how that goes before you jump immediately to $100. People tend to respond better to price increases that are gradual rather than sudden.
Is the service costing you anything?
Charging for things like garbage, sewer, and even parking makes some sense, because it’s not like landlords get free garbage pickup from the city. They have to pay the city for that service. But there are some things that are considered to “come standard.” Charging for items like a mailbox is equivalent to charging extra for a car that comes with a steering wheel. Refusing to provide a working mailbox might even get you in trouble with the law.
Similarly, if you have access to free rental application software, then it’s not going to look great for you to charge prospective tenants $25 just to fill out paperwork online. You might think there’s little chance of that information ever coming out, and you might be right, but then again, tenants often know more than landlords realize.
Do residents keep complaining about it?
It can be impossible to predict how residents will respond to certain developments. That new parking fee for carports might be greeted with nothing more than a collective shrug, while a $5 charge for a lost key can seriously outrage people. Some things are worth holding your ground on, while other battles aren’t necessarily worth fighting. Renters insurance is an example of the former. If you institute a new rule that requires tenants to find renters insurance in New Jersey, then you’re obviously acting in the best interests of both sides. Some people may not like having to research insurance carriers and take out a plan, but they’ll adjust.
But at some point, you have to ask if a fee is worth all the blowback you’re getting. If multiple online reviews mention how unhappy they are with a new fee, that will hurt your image in the long run. Before you even realize it, you can develop a reputation as a landlord that nickel and dimes their tenants. You can quickly rehabilitate that image by pulling the fee and vowing to seek more resident input next time. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9547318816184998}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29357', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JJMX6C7H7JDD2B64D4ORIOV2ZQI7BRYC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3e9cb00f-c0b0-4df9-aa94-140dea055376>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 20, 41, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.188.200.126', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:U7IHZCNKSX5CGLKHS6OFWAJUBHKHX6BJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:22caff42-e1c5-4898-8d7c-ea90e44e5048>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ihome024.com/the-keys-to-reasonable-tenant-fees.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:be356d30-e010-4d97-9e99-1c955620cf88>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '641', 'url': 'http://ihome024.com/the-keys-to-reasonable-tenant-fees.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-186-87-179.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4736613631248474', 'original_id': '6ddec680afe08252b19c1e98c4fd16b5e1d2f52b6663c7ccd1e3b091c9760751'} |
Compost Confidential
Ten years ago, over a third of the garbage that cities in Alameda County sent to the landfill was food scraps and food-soiled paper. If Berkeley and other cities were to reach their goals of reducing the amount of landfill-bound waste by 75 percent by 2010, as mandated by 1990’s county-wide Measure D, it was clear that cities would need to capture and divert food waste.
In 1999, Berkeley launched a pilot project that took food waste from the city’s restaurants and grocery stores and sent it to a composting operation. By 2007, all Berkeley residents were given the opportunity to compost their moldy produce, bones, and greasy napkins by tossing them in the green rollaway carts the city provides for yard debris collection. The food waste composting program
proved wildly popular from the start; the city received thousands more requests for five-gallon kitchen green bins than it had anticipated. By 2009, the city was diverting over 12,000 tons of food and yard debris from residences and nearly 6,000 tons of commercial food scraps per year to Grover
Environmental Products, a composting facility located in Vernalis, near Modesto.
Berkeley’s gardeners have been especially pleased with the program, as the food and green waste is transformed into rich—and free—compost for schools, community gardens, and residents. Once a month for most of the year, a huge heap is given away at the marina, where residents fill their trunks
and truck beds with boxes and bags of WonderGrow, Grover’s black gold.
Yet as popular as the program is, the large-scale composting of city food and yard waste faces growing challenges, some related to the materials that city dwellers toss in their bins, others to the evolving competition for food scraps. Good ideas—like enriching the soil of organic farms with compost made from urban food waste—are not necessarily meshing with other good ideas, like using
compostable plant-based plastics rather than disposable petroleum-based plastics. Pesticides approved for use on lawns are persisting all the way through the industrial composting process and contaminating the end product, making it unsuitable for organic agriculture. And the development of alternative composting technologies—namely biogas digesters—is provoking a debate over what food and yard waste should be used for.
Broken wheel
Americans like take-out food, and environmentally conscious consumers and businesses increasingly offer “compostable bioplastic” containers—clamshells, cups, and utensils made from renewable raw plant materials like potato or cornstarch. But some of these products offer more hope than reality. For a bioplastic product to be considered “compostable” by the American Society for Testing & Materials, it has to meet three criteria: It must break down into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass at the same rate as paper; it must disintegrate into small pieces that are indistinguishable from surrounding compost; and it must not produce toxic residue that would prevent the compost from supporting plant life.
While compostable bioplastics will break down in a backyard compost pile, it takes a very long time—longer than makes sense for most backyard composters. Most purveyors of compostable bioplastics recommend that their products go to commercial composting facilities, where the piles reach higher sustained temperatures.
In October 2009, a contingent of Ecology Center staffers toured the Grover composting yard, where Berkeley’s municipal food and yard waste is carefully cooked and turned in long piles called windrows. The staffers were curious about the fate of the SpudWare sporks and Natureworks cups that are optimistically tossed into green carts throughout the city. At Grover, they observed employees picking all plastic items—both petroleum- and plant-based—out of the dumped materials. Any smaller plastics that made it through the initial screening were removed later, as the material was sent through a trommel and a sorting station.
Here’s the reason: even if bioplastic items are suited to break down in a commercial facility, they look nearly identical to the petroleum-based plastic they are meant to replace, which makes it difficult for workers at the plant to distinguish between the two. Because of the quantity of waste they are sorting, and the difficulty of identifying the types of plastics that arrive at the facility, laborers remove all plastics, including most compostable bioplastics, which are then hauled off to the landfill along with the other contaminants. (The exceptions to the identification problem are Biobags, the green trash bags made of non-GMO plant starches that many people use to line kitchen compost bins. No petroleum-based trash bag is bright green, so BioBags are easy to spot.)
However, the USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP) has not approved bioplastics to be used in organic compost, so even the readily identifiable BioBags are not used in WonderGrow, Grover’s compost that is approved for organic farming. “The wheel is broken,” says manager Adam Grover. “A lot of the people who buy organic food are the same ones pushing bioplastics, but organic farmers can’t buy compost made of bioplastics.”
Pesky pesticides
Grover Environmental Products provides both a waste hauling service for cities and a high-quality soil product for farmers and landscapers. This double-focus comes naturally; the company’s composting facility grew out of a landscaping business that Adam Grover’s father started in 1970. Over time, the family business branched out to include a tree service, a nursery, and the composting operation. Because the Grovers have been involved in a panoply of horticultural activities, they know the value of great compost. “We use the waste stream to get to that finished product,” says Adam Grover, “but we go to great lengths to consistently make a quality finished product.”
According to Brian Mathews, food scrap program manager for the Alameda County Waste Management Authority (, Grover’s focus on the quality of the end product is unparalleled. “Grover is considered by the industry to be one of the top producers of organic compost. He’s not associated with any garbage company; he’s totally independent and makes a high quality product that is excellent for agriculture. He cares about his product he’s making. He’s concerned about the feedstock. He is making a product that he can sell to repeat customers who are growing vegetables and everything else,” says Mathews. That is high praise indeed, considering that Mathews is a former competitor; before joining, Mathews ran the Gilton Resource Recovery Composting Facility, which had the City of Berkeley’s composting contract until it was awarded to Grover.
Unfortunately, even the most diligent composting operations can’t entirely control what substances make it into their scrap heap. Farmers constitute a significant part of Grover’s client base, which is why it was such a blow when the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) announced last fall that Grover’s WonderGrow compost was prohibited for use in organic farming because the department found it contained bifenthrin residues. Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used in products like Talstar, Capture, Brigade, and Ortho Home Defense Max to kill ants, spiders, roaches, termites, and bees. Bifenthrin is also found in Scotts LawnPro Step 3, a popular lawn fertilizer that kills all the bugs in your grass.
Bifenthrin persists in soil for quite some time, so when your neighbor treats his turf with Scotts LawnPro Step 3, then cuts his grass and dumps it into his green curbside cart, the compost made with that municipal yard waste will most likely contain residual bifenthrin. “Every composter who
uses yard waste in America has this problem,” Grover sighs. “It’s a huge problem.” The CDFA also banned Clean City Compost made by Feather River Organics and Nortech Gold Compost made by Nortech Waste LLC, two other brands of compost that use yard waste.
It could not have happened at a worse time. The CDFA alerted organic growers to the bifenthrin problem right before fall, when most farmers apply compost to their fields. Grover had just delivered fifteen truckloads of compost to Yolo County’s Full Belly Farm, which sells organic produce at Bay Area farmers’ markets and through a popular CSA. “We ended up hauling those fifteen truckloads back off Full Belly Farm,” Grover recalls. “The farmers were very disappointed.”
Paul Muller, one of the Full Belly partners, explains that after that incident they were reticent to buy compost from other operations, fearful that other products would be contaminated, too. “We did buy some other compost and frankly, it wasn’t the same quality,” Muller says. “We have had to rethink our strategy. We have relied on compost a lot for fertility.” As an alternative, Full Belly planted cover
crops like vetch that can be tilled back into the soil. In Muller’s opinion, “There are a lot of persistent pollutants out there that should be taken out of home garden use because it ends up in the compost.”
But for composters, city yard waste provides an otherwise ideal product that they can turn into cheap compost. “Organic farms aren’t exactly rich,” Grover explains. “That’s the beauty of using green waste from cities—it makes compost affordable to small-scale organic farmers.”
The bifenthrin contamination was discovered under unusual circumstances that illustrate some holes in the regulatory framework for organic compost. In this case, the pesticide was discovered when a wheatgrass farmer in Placerville had his product tested by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. “The wheatgrass farmer figured out that wheatgrass grew really well in straight compost. The wheatgrass was shipped to the grocery store in a tray full of soil,” says Grover. Because it was sold in that manner, he says, the testers threw both the wheatgrass and some of the attached soil in a blender for testing in the lab. “When they tested just the wheatgrass, it was free of bifenthrin,” says
Grover. “But when it was mixed with the compost, it was not.” This is significant because most wheatgrass customers only eat the plant itself, which is typically sheared from the growing tray. In the case of bifenthrin, the pyrethroid can attach itself to soil but does not get taken up into the plant.
Clear rules govern the testing of organic produce: the EPA sets acceptable levels of synthetic pesticides, and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation conducts random testing of organic produce to make sure the guidelines are being followed. Yet according to Renee Mann, review program manager of the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI), “There is no clear authority that
tells us how to test compost.” OMRI is the Oregon-based nonprofit that determines which agricultural inputs are allowed for use in organic production and processing. The National Organic Program of the USDA sets the standards for what is allowable, and OMRI carefully reviews products against those standards for inclusion on its list of approved products, on which organic growers rely.
The National Organic Program has neither set acceptable levels for bifenthrin in compost nor has it determined how and when to test for bifenthrin. The only composts that were prohibited by the CDFA last fall were the ones associated with the testing of the Placerville wheatgrass, even though many other composts that use yard waste as a feedstock could be contaminated with bifenthrin as well.
Composters who use yard waste in their mixes are eager to get their composts out of regulatory limbo. The CDFA continues to prohibit WonderGrow for organic growing, while at the same time, WonderGrow continues to be listed in OMRI’s directory of approved products. The NOP, which has the last word, remains silent. According to Adam Grover, “at the EcoFarm Conference in January, Miles McEvoy of the National Organic Program promised to see if he could institute a timeout period during which more testing could be done on finished crops rather than on the compost and inputs.” Recently, OMRI posted a notice on its Web site: “Most yard waste composts will remain on the OMRI Products List until a full investigation is completed for each compost. This is based upon OMRI’s due process, which allows our clients to be informed of an investigation, provide further information to defend their product listing, and contest OMRI’s final decision.”
The NOP is aware of the problem, says Mann, but it may be many months before guidelines are issued regarding bifenthrin in compost. “It’s a pretty big issue,” says Mann. “The levels that they ultimately set may lead to us delisting some or all of the yard waste compost on our list.”
Power politics
Composting is an up-and-coming industry, likely to follow on the heels of recycling as an environmentally and economically preferable municipal waste option. Just as corporate waste haulers expanded into the recycling business, they are now expanding to composting operations. This January, Texas-based garbage giant Waste Management, Inc. announced that it will “expand organics recycling facilities across the US and Canada” by investing in Harvest Power, the largest food and yard waste composting facility in North America.
Waste Management intends to pursue both aerobic and anaerobic digestion technologies, two very different methods that use municipal food waste for different ends: fertilizer or fuel. Grover practices aerobic composting, which means that bacteria, in the presence of oxygen, rapidly consume the plant matter. The waste products of the process are carbon dioxide, heat, water, and humus, the soil amendment that growers covet. Carbon dioxide builds up in the bottom of the windrows as the piles heat up. If there is too much of it, the piles will start to decompose anaerobically and generate methane, a greenhouse gas that the EPA deems 21 times more powerful at warming the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. To avoid that, Grover carefully checks the carbon dioxide levels within the compost piles and turns them with a giant rolling machine to re-inject oxygen into the long brown heaps of organic matter.
On the other hand, the methane produced by anaerobic digestion can be diverted to a combined heat and power unit and transformed into electricity. The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) is using food waste from the City of San Francisco for that very purpose. San Francisco’s waste management utility, Recology, sells nearly 25 percent of its commercial food scraps to EBMUD for biogas (methane) generation. The food scraps are combined with sewage, wastewater, and bacteria in EBMUD’s two-million-gallon bio-digesters. The heat and methane produced from the anaerobic digestion is transformed into electricity that meets ninety percent of the power plant’s operational energy needs. Some days, EBMUD even sells back surplus electricity to PG&E.
After the noxious stew has served its methane generation purpose, EBMUD spins the excess water out of the waste material. Solid wastes are carted off to be used as alternative daily cover—the mulch that is spread over the garbage at the landfill to reduce blowing litter, animal attraction, and noxious odors. At this point, the biosolids from EBMUD’s digester cannot be used as an agricultural soil amendment because of prohibitions regarding the use of sewage sludge.
Not all anaerobic digesters are the same. The technology is changing at a fast clip, mostly driven by European companies. Some digesters, like EBMUD’s, add food scraps to sewage to up the methane production. Others use animal manure and other agricultural wastes as the methane-producing feedstock. Still other digesters, which use less water, can employ food and yard waste to produce methane. This last version can both produce energy from methane yet emerge with an end product that can be used as a soil amendment.
In the last fifteen years, the development of anaerobic digesters in Europe has exploded, spurred by the European Union Landfill Directive of 1999 that required member states to stabilize organic material prior to land-filling. If the US were to follow suit, in the pursuit of minimizing methane from landfills and maximizing energy production from renewable resources, anaerobic digesters could indeed be the next big thing. Waste Management is betting on it.
In fact, as more anaerobic facilities are developed, debates are breaking out over which processing method constitutes the “best and highest use” of municipal food scraps. Adam Grover is not concerned that the biogas generators will claim too much of the spoils; he thinks there will be plenty to go around. In fact, he says, it is possible for aerobic compost operations to have too much food waste, since the process relies on a careful ratio. “You can hardly compost food waste by itself—it’s too rich. You need to mix it with green waste, so we might get more food waste than what we can compost soundly. You might get too high of nitrogen count and have odor problems. But,” he concedes, “I don’t know how it’s all going to pan out. [Anaerobic digestion] could be competitive in time, but the technology is not there yet. Maybe in ten years.”
At present, Tania Levy, associate management analyst from the City of Berkeley’s Solid Waste Management also sees no competition between the two methods. “They’re not competition, they augment one another!” she says. “We don’t have enough permitted composting facilities to handle all the organic materials, so adding more facilities of either kind is a good thing.”
Meanwhile, the amount of waste material being diverted from the landfill and trucked to the compost yard continues to rise. Since the Berkeley residential food scrap program debuted three years ago, Levy says that the amount of residential food scraps and yard waste captured has increased 39 percent, while the amount of commercial food scraps has increased 24 percent. Composting is a burgeoning industry, and challenges are an unavoidable aspect of that growth. But the vexations of persistent pesticides and indistinguishable bioplastics may be small bumps on the way to urban food and yard waste becoming a valuable commodity. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '211', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.956104338169098}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46799', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:N5K35ON2PFA6JPOKNMGGDU6QS6PRHVDE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:30535bd5-80ba-4adf-9189-f600a6f6f54d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 6, 57, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.90.215.75', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PKURZ5SPIL3F7DNJN3CQWHZEUJ7JVDDG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f751881c-14e6-4b28-b488-6e4476f80d95>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ecologycenter.org/terrainmagazine/spring-2010/compost-confidential/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c9fd5ef-38eb-4eee-bf2e-001bc8e966df>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '2937', 'url': 'http://ecologycenter.org/terrainmagazine/spring-2010/compost-confidential/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02176147699356079', 'original_id': '11776261f5b44b118876d8cc783c77945985f8d092ebbabd28f06d6a382d88a5'} |
Garissa County Commissioner Mohammed Maalim said they have been on high alert after their intelligence officer received threat alerts.
The vehicle which had 10 people on board was stopped by a combination of rural border patrol unit, administration and regular.
“Four of the passengers escaped as police were taking control of the land cruiser with six of them being arrested,” said Maalim.
The group was reportedly headed to Hagadera Refugee Camp when the recovery was made. North Eastern police boss Philip Tuimur said the suspects were escorted to the Dadaab Refugee Camp for further interrogation.
Other officers said there were reports the weapons and grenades were to be used in Garissa town for an attack.
Garissa has been the target of attacks by suspected terrorists who ambush and kill security agents, with up to ten dying in similar incidents in the past months. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ae314ea04c38ab4141f3fc4bfd8138262d1ae59d86ef66913574a7ac773e6c77'} |
Top 10 items for your waterfowl bag this season
October 29, 2013
Waterfowlers are obsessive gear accumulators. If you're like me, you've got a garage and basement stuffed full of equipment — some essential and some nonessential. As if you needed encouragement to get more gear, here are 10 things I consider essential waterfowling equipment that you might want to try this season.
1. Shoot a semi-auto shotgun. If you don't already own one, you should consider getting one. While pumps and doubles work just fine, a semi-auto harnesses the forces of ignition to operate the action. In the process, felt recoil is spread out over a longer period of time, making magnum loads more tolerable. Semi-auto scatterguns also provide three exceptionally fast shots, which is why this action type is preferred by the majority of waterfowlers. Generally, gas guns kick a little less than recoil-operated guns, but both types provide some recoil mitigation. Top-shelf waterfowling autos include Browning's Maxus and A5, Remington's Versa Max, Beretta's A400, and Benelli's Super Vinci and Super Black Eagle II. Mid-level models include Winchester's SX3 and Franchi's Affinity and new Instinct, while affordable yet rugged autos are available from the likes of Mossberg, Stoeger, Weatherby and CZ.
2. Screw in a specialty choke. While the factory modified choke that came with your shotgun will get you by, there are a bunch of aftermarket choices out there designed specifically for waterfowling. Many were even designed for a specific load, allowing you to match your choke choice to your selected ammo. Aftermarket tubes also come in a wider variety of sizes than the improved cylinder/modified/full mainstays. constrictions like light full, improved modified, light modified, and even skeet allow further pattern customization. Individual tubes can be purchased from top-notch companies like Kick's and Comp-N-Choke, or in convenient three-packs from Carlson's, Rob Roberts or Trulock.
3. Use high-speed ammo. If you haven't already tried some of the new high-velocity waterfowl loads available, you may want to. Yes, they tend to kick more, so you might want to use an autoloader (see #1), but they also shorten lead time. Since most everyone misses from behind, that's a good thing. High-velocity offerings in the 1,600-plus-fps range are available in Kent's Fasteel, Federal's Black Cloud, Winchester's Blind Side, and Hevi-Shot's Speed Ball lines, while Remington's HyperSonic breaks the 1,700 fps barrier. Hevi-Shot's Hevi-Metal flies at a more subdued yet still speedy 1,500 fps.
4. Carry a wood duck call. If woodies frequent your blind, you'll want a wood duck call hanging around your neck. Combined with a few wood duck decoys mixed in the spread, nothing is deadlier on early-season acorn eaters. My current wood duck enticer is a Duck Commander model, a replacement for a nearly worn out Haydel's call. Both versions make realistic squeals and are easy to blow.
5. Blow a goose flute. For honkers, I use a goose flute. I've never been able to master a short reed, which requires a lot of air flow control in order to make decent sounds. A long flute is much easier to blow for beginners, plus I think it sounds a little more realistic. My go-to goose flute is a battered old Big River Long Honker, but other companies like Banded, Primos and Sean Mann also offer flutes.
6. Buy some full-bodies. While goose shells are economical and easy to set out, nothing beats a full-body decoy for realism. Last winter, I went a little crazy and ordered several models to supplement my shell spread. I've since had the enjoyment of finding a place to store them over summer. However, come fall they'll be well worth the extra money and shelf space. Brands like FA, Dakota and Hard Core offer incredible detail, and Big Foot's B2s, available in Canada, specklebelly, and new snow goose, are tops for ruggedness and ease of setup. While goose hunters have embraced them for years, full-body duck decoys are also catching on, especially for field hunts.
7. Raise the flag. If you've never used a goose flag to wave in wary honkers, you're missing out. Flagging creates movement in the spread and attracts the attention of high-flying flocks. For some reason, though, I often forget to pack my flag, which is ridiculous, because it takes up next to no room. This year, I vow to use a goose flag more. So should you.
8. Have a seat. While layout blinds are all the rage, they can be bulky to transport and difficult to set up, especially in the dark. Simplify life by packing in a folding camp stool and hide in natural vegetation. A folding stool is much more portable than a layout, plus many have a pouch beneath the seat for storing extra ammo and other small items. When tucked into cattails next to a well-used duck hole, it works just as well as any blind, provided you wear head-to-toe camo.
9. Hang some net. Along those same lines, carry a string of camo netting to break up your outline when hunting in sparse cover. You can carry a roll of netting and hang it from available branches, or use a portable net blind with integrated stakes. The most user-friendly preformatted net blind I've found is Hunter's Specialties' Backpacker.
10. Don't forget Fido. The last piece of essential equipment is a dog. Many hunters would rather leave their shotgun at home instead of their retriever. If you aren't hunting with a dog, you're missing out. Besides providing a lot of company, a good retriever will fetch ducks and geese off water and run down cripples with ease. I don't even wear waders most of the time, just a pair of rubber boots for setting out decoys in shallow water. My dog does the rest. Whether you choose a retriever, a spaniel, or one of the versatile pointing breeds, a dog is the most valuable conservation tool a hunter has. Plus, there's someone to feed donuts to and pester with a blade of grass when the shooting's slow. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9414812922477722}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '14559', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BWDDGSFS4CFHU373ND7U7DOZ57M7WHRV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0c37b810-a4ab-4bce-b17a-992498d9b456>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 6, 56, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.91.60.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VPGLNLITV37HQBZ5FES5HZWMB5TNCIIU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e685b3b-6879-4fac-8dd4-a48a8f7836f7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.grandviewoutdoors.com/articles/print/3086-top-10-items-for-your-waterfowl-bag-this-season', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c9fd5ef-38eb-4eee-bf2e-001bc8e966df>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1000', 'url': 'http://www.grandviewoutdoors.com/articles/print/3086-top-10-items-for-your-waterfowl-bag-this-season', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03174281120300293', 'original_id': 'dd89f1f0d174db9b32b3365ecfa0c4bbd8d4d2ef58aa3aa18f4397dde1228fc8'} |
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1. Ken Tucker on Caitlin Rose's The Stand In:
As its title suggests, The Stand-In finds Rose assuming various roles in her songs, but they really boil down to two: the person who’s been wronged and the person who’s committed a wrong. Rose produced this album with Jordan Lehning and Skylar Wilson, who also co-wrote much of the material with her. The production of any given song frequently rubs against the mood of its lyric, with downbeat sentiments made tense when strung along a zippy, coursing melody, or a hopeful verse called into question by the downward spiral of guitars, keyboards and drums.
Above, "Own Side" off of Caitlin Rose's new album The Stand In
2. Fresh Air
Caitlin Rose
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#SampleID BarcodeSequence LinkerPrimerSequence LUTEIN_ZEAXANTHIN_MCG_AVE GLYCEMIC_LOAD_BREAD_REF_AVE PHOSPHORUS_G_AVE TOCTADECADLINOLELAIDICA_G_AVE TOTAL_CARBOHYDRATE_G_AVE SODIUM_G_AVE_GROUP NIACIN_VIT_B3_MG_AVE_GROUP LACTITOL_G_AVE_GROUP STARCH_G_AVE_GROUP MALTITOL_G_AVE_GROUP
h101A.3.418669 GTCGTAGCCAGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3768.030667 114.637521370763 819.8103333 0.155 210.928 High Low High High High
h122M.1.418534 TAGTGCTGCGTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1646.814333 264.327116707944 584.6856667 0.185666667 118.411 Low High Low High High
h85A.1.418700 TAGCGACATCTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 490.4053333 111.477088454388 750.7126667 0.231 159.776 Low High Low High High
h85B.1.418749 GGACGTCACAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1130.030333 111.477088454388 1451.355667 0.202333333 246.0453333 High Low High High High
h85M.1.418596 GTACTCTAGACT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 252.0636667 223.282533247056 2137.835667 0.756 459.4973333 High High Low High Low
h95A.1.418344 GTCTCATGTAGG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1408.803 113.488272742015 1628.433333 0.542333333 354.8473333 High Low High High High
h95B.1.418735 GTGTACCTATCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2824.504333 113.488272742015 1722.832667 0.224666667 269.246 Low Low Low High Low
h95M.1.418831 TACACACATGGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3829.865333 206.864700079416 1894.425333 0.488666667 317.6246667 Low High High High Low
h9M.1.418588 GGATCGCAGATC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1493.559333 206.987833796569 1787.213 0.39 394.8876667 High High Low High Low
k278A.2.418424 GTAGCGCGAGTT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 7881.441 176.984243317 1330.065333 0.265333333 221.2556667 Low Low High High Low
k278B.2.418686 GTCCATAGCTAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 938.2693333 176.984243317 1298.35 1.002333333 211.0936667 Low High Low High Low
TS1.418828 GCTGTAGTATGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3228.558333 223.282533247056 1999.033333 0.417666667 408.2596667 Low Low High Low Low
TS2.418517 GGTCACTGACAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 151.6656667 223.282533247056 1379.007 0.916666667 244.2643333 High Low Low Low High
TS4.418810 GTCGCTGTCTTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 623.248 210.969158281028 760.478 0.194333333 137.3083333 Low Low High Low Low
TS5.418546 GTGAGGTCGCTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1391.944 210.969158281028 920.3283333 0.133 222.3373333 Low Low Low Low High
h128A.1.418657 GGTGCGTGTATG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2074.794 111.477088454388 1513.926 0.38 307.6783333 Low Low High High High
TS7.418860 TACGCGCTGAGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 321.148 215.07361648264 1123.123333 0.372 187.9416667 High High High Low High
TS8.418379 TAGATCCTCGAT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2742.941 215.07361648264 1436.633667 0.486 307.249 High High Low Low High
TS110.418428 GCTTACATCGAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 291.4896667 223.282533247056 604.0966667 0.462 158.2016667 High High High Low High
TS127.418550 GTATCCATGCGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3023.89 210.969158281028 1983.463333 0.289 440.6356667 Low Low Low Low Low
TS128.418470 GTCGTGTGTCAA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1603.228333 210.969158281028 1332.462667 0.371666667 153.8 Low Low High Low Low
TS163.418636 TAACAGTCGCTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1019.993 210.969158281028 741.729 0.09 150.0043333 Low Low High Low High
TS164.418396 TACGTGTACGTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1951.682 210.969158281028 811.96 0.213 168.0823333 Low Low Low Low High
TS184.418577 GCTTCATAGTGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1625.675 206.864700079416 939.03 0.247333333 114.4013333 Low Low Low Low High
TS185.418675 GTACAAGAGTGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 624.7883333 206.864700079416 812.532 0.264666667 256.681 Low Low Low Low Low
TS193.418750 GTCTACACACAT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4972.795333 231.491450011472 1533.080333 0.412333333 262.3023333 Low Low High Low Low
TS194.418607 GTGCACATTATC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 334.288 231.491450011472 855.4416667 0.272333333 236.0603333 Low Low High Low High
USchp36Infant.418576 TACTAATCTGCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 796.209 112.462158191612 915.252 0.443333333 284.9056667 Low Low Low Low Low
USchp36Mom.418718 TAGCCTCTCTGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1794.415333 256.118199943528 1421.302 0.302666667 274.915 High High High Low High
USinfTw1.1.418752 GCTTGCGAGACA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1304.724 108.686056689472 1171.057333 0.74 248.4326667 Low High High Low High
USinfTw1.2.418491 GTACGGCATACG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1963.090667 108.686056689472 1499.838667 0.397 357.5883333 Low Low Low Low High
USinfTw2.1.418478 GTATGCGCTGTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 752.1113333 108.686056689472 728.1016667 0.174333333 164.3126667 Low High High Low Low
USinfTw2.2.418678 GTCTATCGGAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2225.732 108.686056689472 944.3096667 0.245666667 177.2253333 High Low Low Low Low
USinfTw3.1.418387 GTGGCGATACAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 7426.486333 109.055457840931 1686.584 0.290333333 296.6553333 High Low Low Low High
USinfTw3.2.418812 TAAGCGCAGCAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 752.1113333 109.055457840931 728.1016667 0.174333333 164.3126667 High Low High Low High
USinfTw9.1.418845 GGATCGCAGATC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 732.0346667 110.081572391334 1362.972667 0.410333333 248.879 High High High Low Low
USinfTw9.2.418769 GTAGACTGCGTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2862.614 110.081572391334 634.7253333 0.088 89.09966667 High High Low Low Low
USinfTw10.1.418518 GTCAACGCGATG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 7801.484333 110.081572391334 1809.487667 0.108 458.5506667 Low High High Low Low
USinfTw10.2.418840 GTCTCTCTACGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 243.6873333 110.081572391334 664.875 0.156 241.678 Low Low Low Low Low
USinfTw11.1.418800 GTGTCTACATTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 596.4503333 110.409929090806 1797.562333 0.575666667 370.0083333 High High Low Low Low
USinfTw11.2.418340 TACACGATCTAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1098.773 110.409929090806 885.0976667 0.257 255.8133333 High Low High Low High
USinfTw12.1.418649 TACTGGACGCGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 997.438 110.409929090806 1295.909 0.416333333 300.1463333 High Low Low Low Low
USinfTw12.2.418448 TAGCTCGTAACT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4901.757333 110.409929090806 1630.890667 0.455666667 359.3743333 Low High High Low Low
USchp1Mom.418814 GTAGCAACGTCT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1919.021667 206.864700079416 1375.586 0.625333333 286.7806667 Low High Low Low Low
USchp3Mom.418727 GTCTTCGTCGCT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 5466.117 227.38699180986 1297.602 0.161333333 197.0916667 High High High Low Low
USchp4Infant.418833 GTGTTGCAGCAT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1275.246667 112.462158191612 698.2743333 0.409 138.517 Low High Low Low High
TS13.418619 GGTCGTAGCGTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 697.4683333 219.178075045444 1075.75 0.581333333 197.5963333 Low Low High Low Low
TS14.418541 GTATATCCGCAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2454.974333 219.178075045444 2653.636667 0.178666667 441.2886667 High Low Low Low Low
TS25.418407 GTGATAGTGCCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 624.2906667 215.07361648264 1313.605333 0.201333333 255.657 High Low Low Low High
TS26.418393 GTTGTATACTCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3239.185333 215.07361648264 1478.223333 0.185 245.0143333 High High Low Low High
TS109.418691 TAGCACACCTAT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 440.6256667 223.282533247056 860.114 0.112666667 176.8963333 High Low High Low High
USinfTw4.1.418637 TACTACATGGTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3767.343 109.055457840931 824.3413333 0.190666667 310.5623333 Low Low Low Low Low
USinfTw4.2.418348 TAGCGACATCTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1841.371 109.055457840931 1152.284333 0.293 193.9123333 High Low High Low Low
USinfTw5.1.418422 GGACGTCACAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 14551.03767 109.383814540403 983.0706667 0.165 154.8653333 Low High High Low Low
USinfTw5.2.418695 GTACTCTAGACT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 296.6343333 109.383814540403 1132.617667 0.375666667 145.0376667 Low High Low Low Low
USinfTw6.1.418613 GTATGTTGCTCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1235.402333 109.383814540403 855.7836667 0.514666667 304.868 Low Low High Low Low
USinfTw6.2.418594 GTCTCATGTAGG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 526.7593333 109.383814540403 823.875 0.459666667 265.153 High Low High Low Low
USinfTw7.1.418386 GTGTACCTATCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 877.5943333 109.712171239875 1294.174 0.381333333 276.9363333 High High Low Low Low
USinfTw7.2.418463 TACACACATGGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3690.453 109.712171239875 1054.369 0.546333333 264.61 High High High Low Low
USinfTw8.1.418366 TACTGCGACAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 814.567 109.712171239875 737.9303333 0.664333333 208.3883333 High Low Low Low Low
USinfTw8.2.418804 TAGCGGATCACG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2937.658333 109.712171239875 1417.088667 0.609666667 231.24 Low Low High Low Low
USinfTw13.1.418775 GGCAGTGTATCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4156.858 110.738285790278 1226.371667 0.139666667 233.0606667 High High Low Low High
USinfTw13.2.418343 GTAGAGCTGTTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 581.377 110.738285790278 1309.228 0.552333333 310.193 High High Low Low Low
USinfTw15.1.418587 GTCACGACTATT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3444.615 111.107686941737 693.5366667 0.111 184.6483333 High Low Low Low Low
USinfTw15.2.418748 GTCTGACAGTTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3253.968333 111.107686941737 1866.639667 0.324333333 272.3373333 High High High Low Low
USinfTw16.1.418781 GTGTGCTATCAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 411.5786667 111.436043641209 995.7706667 0.302 229.1146667 Low High Low Low Low
USinfTw16.2.418641 TACAGATGGCTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1042.028 111.436043641209 930.5216667 0.127666667 112.22 High High Low Low High
USinfTw17.1.418390 TACTTACTGCAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 914.2246667 111.436043641209 1115.996333 0.254666667 359.6943333 High High Low Low High
USinfTw18.1.418513 GGCGACATGTAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 7814.750667 112.13380149214 1380.087333 0.616666667 196.5633333 Low Low High Low Low
USinfTw18.2.418796 GTAGATGCTTCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 975.249 112.13380149214 1806.521667 0.483666667 349.841 High High High Low Low
USinfTw19.1.418798 GTCATATCGTAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2336.840667 110.081572391334 1415.313333 0.149666667 299.398 Low Low Low Low Low
USinfTw19.2.418595 GTCTGGATAGCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4124.691667 110.081572391334 905.2103333 0.167333333 225.038 High Low Low Low High
USinfTw20.1.418640 GTGTGTGTCAGG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2012.714667 108.686056689472 916.766 0.339 205.142 Low High Low Low High
USinfTw20.2.418696 TACAGTCTCATG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 849.9943333 108.686056689472 1229.607667 0.287 172.8996667 High High High Low High
USinfTw21.1.418467 TACTTCGCTCGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 8010.050333 109.383814540403 1811.958333 0.447 392.708 High Low Low Low High
h144A.1.418690 GCTTCATAGTGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 264.639 113.365139024862 1097.294 0.956333333 261.7256667 High Low High High Low
USinfTw21.2.418540 TAGGTATCTCAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 647.2253333 109.383814540403 1265.807333 0.502 224.0956667 Low Low High Low High
USchp4Mom.418666 TACATCACCACA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 282.0693333 252.013741741916 828.694 0.525 248.6123333 Low Low Low Low High
USchp25Mom.418780 GTAGCGCGAGTT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1753.401667 247.909283179112 1179.249333 0.533666667 358.125 High Low Low Low High
h101B.3.418378 GTGATAGTGCCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 963.1766667 114.637521370763 1156.503333 0.342666667 426.7956667 Low Low Low High Low
h144B.1.418701 GTACAAGAGTGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4550.758667 113.365139024862 1906.899 0.478333333 348.324 Low Low Low High High
USchp41Infant.418542 GGTATACGCAGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4000.127667 112.462158191612 1879.601667 1.225333333 386.3983333 Low High High Low Low
USchp41Mom.418801 GTAGCTGACGCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 454.783 215.07361648264 1764.398 0.689333333 355.2776667 Low High Low Low High
USchp50Infant.418380 GTCGACTCCTCT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1698.106 112.462158191612 1608.343333 0.327 345.8056667 High Low High Low Low
USchp60Child.418703 GTTCGCGTATAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4645.216 112.462158191612 1458.871667 0.273666667 204.374 Low Low High Low Low
USchp60Mom.418566 TACGATGACCAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2049.802333 243.8048249775 1941.781 0.778 295.5253333 Low Low Low Low Low
USBld1.418516 TAGTGTGCTTCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2244.173333 113.488272742015 1575.425667 0.113666667 358.8943333 Low High Low Low High
USBldInf3.418459 GGTGCGTGTATG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1057.801333 111.764400340681 1357.209667 0.765666667 217.1813333 Low Low High Low Low
USBldAdlt6.418795 GTGCAATCGACG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4894.310333 243.8048249775 1324.784333 0.445666667 277.214 High Low High Low High
USBldChld8.418589 TACGTGTACGTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 460.939 114.924833257056 892.122 0.472 228.313 Low High Low Low Low
USBldChld10.418660 TAGCATCGTGGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1179.437333 113.693495724334 769.433 0.164333333 177.9913333 High Low High Low High
F3T1pre4.418699 GCTTCATAGTGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2097.094667 202.760241516612 1540.874333 0.383666667 225.0276667 Low High Low Low Low
F3T2pre4.418583 GTACAAGAGTGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4897.750333 202.760241516612 2104.492667 0.47 405.834 Low Low High Low Low
F4T1pre4.418431 GTATGACTGGCT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1101.471667 202.760241516612 1335.312 0.492 273.135 Low Low High Low High
F4T2pre4.418418 GTCTACACACAT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1050.763333 202.760241516612 1827.183667 0.672333333 350.8266667 High High Low Low High
Amz9baby.418635 TACGTGTACGTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4059.054667 110.081572391334 1206.627667 0.501666667 188.9946667 High High High Low Low
h146M.1.418838 GTGCACATTATC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 176.5366667 243.8048249775 1491.161333 0.691 382.982 Low High High High High
h147M.1.418531 TACTACATGGTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 5166.568 190.446866550584 1361.777 0.046333333 224.4266667 Low Low High High High
h165A.1.418855 TAGCGACATCTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 12230.46567 110.1636616565 1373.522667 0.304 221.4466667 Low High Low High High
h165B.1.418384 GGACGTCACAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 846.8283333 110.1636616565 825.5556667 0.505666667 350.693 Low Low High High High
h101M.1.418586 GTTGTATACTCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1042.366 206.864700079416 1059.505 0.703 282.8793333 High Low Low High Low
h165M.1.418394 GTACTCTAGACT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 725.7426667 247.909283179112 1762.943 0.396666667 220.052 Low High Low High High
h181A.1.418791 TAACTCTGATGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3428.907907 109.219636371263 746.0274033 0.14105 191.94448 Low Low Low High Low
USygt2.M.418457 GTGAGGTCGCTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1498.601043 231.491450011472 532.0639567 0.168956667 107.75401 High Low Low Low High
h181B.1.418825 TACTAATCTGCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 446.2688533 109.219636371263 683.1485267 0.21021 145.39616 High High Low High Low
USygt8.M.418616 TACGTGTACGTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1028.327603 252.013741741916 1320.733657 0.184123333 223.9012533 High Low Low Low High
h181C.1.418714 TAGCCTCTCTGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 229.3779367 109.219636371263 1945.430457 0.68796 418.1425733 Low Low Low High High
USygt8.F.418739 TAGCATCGTGGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1282.01073 260.22265814514 1481.874333 0.493523333 322.9110733 Low Low High Low Low
USygt21.M.418797 GTCACGACTATT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2570.298943 268.431574909556 1567.777727 0.204446667 245.01386 Low Low High Low High
USygt34.M.418823 GTAGCGCGAGTT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3485.177453 256.118199943528 1723.927053 0.444686667 289.0384467 High High Low Low Low
USygt35.M.418364 GTGACCTGATGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1359.138993 268.431574909556 1626.36383 0.3549 359.3477767 High Low Low Low High
h186M.1.418788 GTATGCGCTGTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 7172.11131 239.700366775888 1210.359453 0.241453333 201.3426567 Low Low Low High Low
h18A.4.418403 GCTGTAGTATGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 853.8250933 113.898718706653 1181.4985 0.912123333 192.0952367 Low Low Low High Low
h18B.4.418355 GGTCACTGACAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2937.988083 113.898718706653 1819.120333 0.380076667 371.5162967 Low Low Low High Low
h208A.1.418529 GTCTCATGTAGG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 138.0157567 108.480833707153 1254.89637 0.834166667 222.2805433 High High Low High Low
h208M.1.418731 GTGTACCTATCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 567.15568 194.551325113388 692.03498 0.176843333 124.9505833 High Low Low High Low
h209A.2.418702 TACACACATGGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1266.66904 110.656196525112 837.4987833 0.12103 202.3269733 Low Low High High High
h209B.2.418447 TACTGCGACAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1888.06254 110.656196525112 1377.67266 0.3458 279.9872833 Low Low High High High
USygt32.M.418562 GTCTCTCTACGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 292.24468 252.013741741916 1022.042233 0.33852 171.0269167 Low Low Low Low Low
h10A.1.418427 GTTAGAGCACTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2496.07631 113.693495724334 1307.336637 0.44226 279.59659 Low Low Low High Low
USygt38.T1.418654 GGCAGTGTATCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 265.2555967 178.133491584556 549.7279667 0.42042 143.9635167 Low Low High Low High
USygt38.T2.418456 GTAGAGCTGTTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2751.7399 178.133491584556 1804.951633 0.26299 400.9784567 Low High Low Low Low
h235A.1.418717 GTCAACGCGATG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1458.937783 111.107686941737 1212.541027 0.338216667 139.958 Low Low High High Low
h235B.1.418464 GTCTCTCTACGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 928.19363 111.107686941737 674.97339 0.0819 136.5039433 Low Low High High Low
h235M.1.418489 TAGTCGTCTAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1776.03062 243.8048249775 738.8836 0.19383 152.9549233 Low High Low High Low
h257A.1.418826 GTGTCTACATTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1479.36425 109.137547106097 854.5173 0.225073333 104.1052133 High High Low High High
h257B.1.418419 TACACGATCTAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 568.5573833 109.137547106097 739.40412 0.240846667 233.57971 High High Low High Low
h257M.1.418454 TACTGGACGCGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4525.243753 202.760241516612 1395.103103 0.375223333 238.6951233 Low Low High High Low
h259A.2.418342 GGCAGTGTATCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 304.20208 108.809190406625 778.4519167 0.247823333 214.8149033 High High Low High High
h10M.1.418706 TAGAGAGAGTGG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 724.55019 215.07361648264 832.87932 0.403433333 259.2641567 High High Low High High
h259B.2.418617 GTAGAGCTGTTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1632.917953 108.809190406625 1293.38482 0.275426667 250.17265 Low High Low High Low
h264A.2.418362 GGCTATGACATC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1187.29884 111.641266623528 1065.662173 0.6734 226.0737267 High Low High High Low
h264B.2.418350 GTCTGACAGTTG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1786.412507 111.641266623528 1364.853187 0.36127 325.4053833 Low High Low High Low
h264M.1.418377 GTGTGCTATCAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 684.4213133 288.95386664 662.5725167 0.158643333 149.5245267 High High Low High Low
h273A.2.418494 TACAGATGGCTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2025.41612 113.606276083266 859.3217967 0.223556667 161.2750533 Low Low Low High Low
h273B.2.418501 TACTTACTGCAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 6758.102563 113.606276083266 1534.79144 0.264203333 269.9563533 Low High High High High
h273M.1.418507 TAGCTGAGTCCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 684.4213133 288.95386664 662.5725167 0.158643333 149.5245267 Low Low Low High High
h279A.2.418836 GGCGACATGTAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 666.1515467 114.712009704467 1240.305127 0.373403333 226.47989 Low High Low High Low
h121A.1.418420 TACGGTATGTCT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2604.97874 111.233861175952 577.6000533 0.08008 81.08069667 Low High High High High
h279B.2.418514 GTAGATGCTTCG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 7099.350743 114.712009704467 1646.633777 0.09828 417.2811067 High High High High High
h279M.1.418530 GTCATATCGTAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 221.7554733 268.887625740581 605.03625 0.14196 219.92698 Low High High High Low
h301A.1.418425 GTAGCTGACGCA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 542.7698033 108.692137362403 1635.781723 0.523856667 336.7075833 High High High High Low
h301B.1.418486 GTCGACTCCTCT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 999.88343 108.692137362403 805.4388767 0.23387 232.7901333 High Low Low High Low
h305B.2.418820 GTGTGTGTCAGG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 907.66858 110.966311205791 1179.27719 0.378863333 273.1331633 Low High Low High Low
h305C.2.418553 TACAGTCTCATG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4460.599173 110.966311205791 1484.110507 0.414656667 327.0306433 High High Low High High
h305M.1.418771 TACTTCGCTCGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1746.309717 262.198879014903 1251.78326 0.569053333 260.9704067 High High Low High Low
h35A.3.418524 GTAGTGTCTAGC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 4974.16647 120.9994316555 1180.81782 0.146813333 179.3534167 Low Low Low High High
h121B.1.418650 TAGCACACCTAT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1160.474467 111.233861175952 635.4296433 0.37219 126.05047 High Low Low High High
h37A.1.418724 GTTCGCGTATAG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 634.6961833 114.645121941033 978.9325 0.529013333 179.8126633 Low High Low High Low
h37B.1.418707 TACGATGACCAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2234.026643 114.645121941033 2414.809367 0.162586667 401.5726867 High High High High High
h37M.1.418863 TAGATAGCAGGA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 568.1045067 288.95386664 1195.380853 0.183213333 232.64787 High Low Low High High
h47A.1.418772 GTCGCTGTCTTC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 2947.658653 112.370948097645 1345.183233 0.16835 222.9630433 Low Low High High Low
h47B.1.418571 GTGAGGTCGCTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 400.9693567 112.370948097645 782.70374 0.102526667 160.9756633 Low Low High High Low
h60M.1.418694 GGTCGTAGCGTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 3428.28213 288.95386664 750.1506133 0.173506667 282.6117233 High High High High High
h68A.4.418806 GCTTGCGAGACA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1675.64761 120.165910997482 1048.578743 0.26663 176.4602233 Low High Low High Low
h68B.4.418611 GTACGGCATACG CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 13241.44428 120.165910997482 894.5943067 0.15015 140.9274533 High High High High High
h68M.1.418773 GTATGCGCTGTA CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 269.9372433 288.95386664 1030.682077 0.341856667 131.9842767 High Low Low High Low
h78A.4.418851 GTCTATCGGAGT CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 1124.216123 122.01077018874 778.7631367 0.468346667 277.42988 Low Low High High High
h78B.4.418738 GTGGCGATACAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 479.3509933 122.01077018874 749.72625 0.418296667 241.28923 Low Low Low High Low
h78M.1.418725 TAAGCGCAGCAC CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 798.6108433 288.95386664 1177.69834 0.347013333 252.0120633 Low Low High High Low
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Opinionating about everything
Main menu
Why Am I STILL Negotiating with Terrorists
It’s said that Australia, the USA, the UK and other countries will never negotiate with terrorists.
I’d like to see Barack Obama and Tony Abbott feed that line to my almost 4 year old and 1 and a half year old. They are dead set future terrorists and the only way to get stuff done is negotiate.
After 10 years of managing small people, I would have thought I’d nailed it by now but I’m a complete failure. One of the gals was telling me at coffee this morning she attended a talk last night about ‘raising boys’. Apparently boys are different (YEP) and when we’re talking to them, all they hear is “Blah, Blah, Blah, Nag, Nag Nag” so apparently the way to approach them is to LITERALLY approach them and state “I would LIKE you to go upstairs and get dressed now and if you don’t do it straight away I will turn the TV off immediately”
Action = Consequence.
It’s a simple concept however this is how it’s working in my house at the moment (Mr almost 4 is the best negotiator I’ve ever seen in my life).
Me: “I would LIKE you to go upstairs and get dressed now and if you don’t do it straight away I will turn the TV off immediately”
Mr Almost 4: “NO!”
Me: “If you don’t get dressed right now, I’m going to turn the TV off”
Mr Almost 4: “Well I’m going to turn your TV off and hide the remote so you can’t find it”
Me: “Please listen to me or I will cancel your birthday party, you MUST listen to Mummy”
Mr Almost 4: “Well, if you cancel my party, I’m not going to go to my party”
Me: Um………der.
Mr Almost 4: “Well, I”M NOT GETTING DRESSED (this is now just pure opposition disorder) but when I DO get dressed, I’m not wearing shoes or a jumper!”
Me: “Yes you ARE, and you WILL and if you DON’T, I will have to leave you here as we have to leave NOW”
Mr Almost 4: “Well if you leave me here by myself, I will call the police and tell them you left me here by myself and then you will go to jail.”
Me: Gawd. He’s onto me. He’s getting the police involved, that was my trick, damn. Time to pull in the big guns. “I’m calling SANTA” (It’s JUNE people and I’ve been using this on the terrorist since February).
Mr Almost 4: “Don’t call Santa, please don’t call Santa. I’ll get dressed and I’ll wear shoes and a jumper but if I come to the shops (he’s now really negotiating hard), you HAVE to buy me and Harry a milkshake, a donut, a lolly and a sticker book AND A ride on one of the coin rides” (I HATE THOSE COIN RIDES)
20 minutes has passed. We’ve missed the school bell and another late note is undoubtedly going to raise alarms at the Department of Education about that family of 5 who appear to never get their kids to school without a ridiculous excuse written on a late note (our late notes are never attributed to traffic or lost shoes, the Big Guy and I tell it like it is and have been known to write absurd excuses like “Mum’s away, flying solo, epic fail” or “None of our children listen to their parents” or “3 year old tantrum, epic meltdown, his fault” or “Entire family slept in till 8:25am – yes seriously”.)
So with sheer panic and no more negotiating tactics to dish out to Mr 4 he gets his answer:
After negotiating with the three terrorists before him, I simply choose my battles and have worked out that every Friday it’s just a fact that it will cost me $10 in crap to get him in the car. It’s like paying to get a taxi to the shops, except I’m the taxi driver and I pay for the ride.
Mr 1 has taken terrorism to a new level. It’s something I’ve never experienced in my life. Being the 5th child he’s worked out that he gets no attention, everyone ignores him and lets him just get on with doing terrorist things like pulling the house apart, destroying everything and unpacking clean dishwashers and clean buckets of washing, because that’s his duty as terrorist no 5. Because he is left to his own devices so often, he has worked out that the only way to get attention is to SQUEAL. Not just a scream but this is a glass shattering, ear piercing highest pitch ever squeal that could stop a game of U7 giggling netballers – it sounds like a whistle but it’s a very long hurt your ears kind of whistle. Horrid. I tend to walk away from it at home but noticed today that Mr 1 has decided the shopping centre was a good place to test the acoustics and squeal like a pig for 2 hours straight. Everyone was looking at me. Judgmental looks from those mothers who have raised their families, now spend their days doing shopping and getting their eyebrows plucked and toenails painted, they’ve forgotten the toddler years and they’re delighted about it but now the little pests infiltrate their shopping centres and their coffee tables. You know ‘those Mum’s’ who give you the freshly plucked one eyebrow up look as if to say “CAN YOU NOT CONTROL THAT ONE YEAR OLD?”
I wanted to say “no, I can’t, I can’t negotiate with this one. How do I try to bribe a one year old with a lolly, even when I put food in his mouth he squeals in delight, in anger that it’s not the right colour donut – anything really, he just does it for attention but NO I CANNOT CONTROL HIM”
And so it begins again, I pick him up in my arms and gently whisper in his ear “If you don’t stop squealing I’m going to call Santa” | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b6aec590532ffca3ccb067cbce2271f8e4ef540a8f5ed91e8a4a3598a70d845d'} |
- Extremely spacious apartment in Queens Gardens just off Tombs of the Kings Avenue in the heart of Paphos - 20 minutes drive from Paphos airport - A stroll to beach and harbour, bars and restaurants, nightlife, Old Town, markets, archaeological sites yet ... - ... providing the seclusion and tranquillity of an exclusive gated development - Queens Gardens architecture echoes the period when Cyprus was ruled by Venetian Kings - Fountains, ornamental pools, columns, cupolas, arches, as well as lawns and shrubs, and the warm muted colours of our own piazza provide a uniquely relaxing retreat - Tastefully furnished 3-bedroom apartment,decorated to a high standard with leather settees and dining chairs and glass dining/coffee tables - Shared swimming pool with sunbeds, directly overlooked by one of three balconies - 48-feet long living room with lounge and dining areas - Each of the 3 spacious double bedrooms has a balcony with furniture and lighting - Master bedroom with 5ft bed and an ensuite bathroom with bath and shower - Second bathroom plus a separate third WC - Second and third double bedrooms each have two single beds - Built-in wardrobes throughout - Fitted well-equipped kitchen with breakfast bar and a second cold tap supplied with reduced-lime drinking water --- Windows fitted with black-out blinds - Sliding fly screens so that windows and patio doors can be left open at night - Full air conditioning, switchable to warm air heating on the rare occasions it is necessary - Sofabed for extra sleeping space if needed - Baby's cot available - Wi-fi accessible - Key-coded gates at the complex's pedestrian and vehicle accesses - Reserved underground parking space to keep a car out of the hot sun, near the bottom of the lift - although a car is hardly necessary for enjoying Paphos town, given the apartment's central location. - Weekly maid service - All linen and towels provided - Welcome pack on arrival - Taxi from Paphos airport can be arranged
- Paphos is also a magnet for divers with several competing schools. - Paphos combines the ancient and traditional with all the attractions of a modern coastal town, offering a laid back holiday, an action-packed adventure, a journey into the past, nightlife or family fun (for instance the waterpark, go-karting, ten-pin bowling, minigolf, Pafos Aquarium and Kids Kingdom). - Paphos is the gateway to some beautiful stretches of coastline as well as the wildest countryside and nestles against the Troodos mountains. Once the island's capital,it is the birthplace of the legendary Goddess Aphrodite. - Cyprus' three championship standard golf courses are all within 20-25 minutes drive: Secret Valley surrounded by grand trees and beautiful rocks, Aphrodite Hills on two plateaux flanking the cavernous Randidi Gorge, and Tsada in the grounds of a 12th century monastery. - For more on snow-skiing, see www.skicyprus.com | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'abc2c95b58787904c4eeeca9e67ead75895948f3dd29ece53313392c7e4ea987'} |
Once Upon a Time Wiki
The Stable Boy
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"The Stable Boy"
Season One
Season 01, Episode 18
Episode Information
Character backstory:
Premiere date: April 1, 2012[1]
Viewers: 8.36 million[2]
Written by: Edward Kitsis &
Adam Horowitz
Directed by: Dean White
Episode Chronology
Previous Episode: "Hat Trick"
Next Episode: "The Return"
Related Pages
"The Stable Boy" is the eighteenth episode of Season One of ABC's Once Upon a Time. It was written by Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz, and directed by Dean White. It is the eighteenth episode of the series overall, and premiered on April 1, 2012.
Emma continues her exhaustive search for evidence that will prove Mary Margaret's innocence in the murder of David's wife, Kathryn. Meanwhile, in the fairytale land that was and before evil blackened her soul, Regina must choose between betraying her mother, Cora, and marrying for true love, or betrothing royalty and living a regal - but loveless - life; and the event that caused the Evil Queen to loathe Snow White is revealed.[1]
Regina is in her office in Storybrooke, when Mr. Gold comes to visit. He asks for her assistance in having the charges of assault, on Moe French, dropped. In return, he offers his help with Regina's problem with Mary Margaret and David Nolan. He suggests that if something was to happen to Kathryn, Mary Margaret would take the blame. He further tells Regina that she could leave a key in Mary Margaret's cell after she is arrested, as bad things happen to those who leave Storybrooke.
In the Enchanted Forest, the Evil Queen is riding her horse while her father Henry watches joyfully, cheering her on. Her mother Cora however, criticizes her "unladylike" performance, decries that she is getting too old not to be married, and suggests that she use a saddle. Henry tries to defend Regina with no luck. Daniel offers her a saddle, but Regina snaps back, saying she is done riding for the day. She questions Cora's intentions, but her mother stops her from walking away by using magic to levitate her and choke her. Regina dislikes the use of magic by her mother, and promises to be good before she runs off. She meets Daniel in the stable where she apologizes for snapping at him when her parents were watching, and the two kiss.
In Storybrooke, Emma Swan is leaving Granny's Diner, and David wants to ask about Mary Margaret. He tries to explain why he had questioned her innocence. He asks to see Mary Margaret, but Emma says that she does not want to see him. At the sheriff's station, Mary Margaret is asleep, but wakes suddenly to find Regina there. Mary Margaret questions why no one will believe her, and Regina lists the evidence against her, telling her to confess and avoid a trial. Mary Margaret asks Regina why she hates her so much.
In the Enchanted Forest, Daniel and Regina meet; he wants to go riding, but she has to leave for tea. Daniel is confused as to why she is afraid to tell her mother of their relationship. She tells him that Cora wants her to be more ladylike and a social-climber, despite being the daughter of a miller herself; Regina also adds that Cora's magic is powerful and dangerous, but Daniel says that true love is the most powerful magic of all before kissing her. Suddenly, they hear a scream. A little girl holds on tightly as her horse runs out of control, and Regina goes after her on her own horse. She successfully rescues the girl, who thanks Regina for saving her life. The girl introduces herself as Snow White, and the two hug. Regina advises her to get over her fear by getting back on the horse, as soon as possible.
In Storybrooke, Emma and Mr. Gold discuss having Mary Margaret talk to the D.A. about the case. He says that the skeleton key is not sufficient proof of Regina being complicit. Mr. Gold says that her personality can help get the charges dropped, if she meets with the District Attorney. Sidney Glass drops off some flowers and says that he cannot find anything connecting Regina to the case: no damaging phone records nor evidence that she owed a hunting knife, but that he will keep looking. Mary Margaret agrees to being interviewed by the District Attorney, Albert Spencer, just as he arrives.
In the interview room, the D.A. talks about the case against her. He asks about the incident in the school when Kathryn slapped her, and he asks if she wanted Kathryn gone, since Kathryn was keeping her and David apart. Despite answering, "No," several times and Mr. Gold saying that she was done talking, Albert keeps pressing on. Mary Margaret snaps that she did want Kathryn gone, but is then horrified at having said that. Emma and Regina watch the interview outside, and Regina smiles at her outburst.
In the Enchanted Forest, Regina is in her dining room when Cora comes in and, using magic, gives her a gorgeous dress to wear. She explains that the king is coming, because it was his daughter who Regina rescued. King Leopold arrives to thank Regina for saving his daughter. He explains that Snow White lost her mother years ago, and that he has been looking for a wife worthy of Snow White ever since. He proposes to Regina, which Cora accepts for her. Regina runs into the stable to meet with Daniel. She explains what has happened with the king and says that they should run, because she only cares about him, and she would rather be poor with him than Queen without him. Daniel then slips a ring on her finger, much to Regina's excitement, and the two kiss. Snow White stumbles upon the couple and runs off with Regina chasing after her.
Regina and Snow White talk about why Regina was kissing Daniel. She explains that she does not love Snow White's father, and Snow White questions this as she had wanted Regina to be her mother. Regina tells her that true love is the most power magic of all and that it creates happiness. Snow agrees that Regina should marry Daniel. Regina says Cora will stand in her way, and asks Snow White to keep their love a secret, which Snow White agrees to do.
In Storybrooke, Emma is reading Henry's storybook when August Booth shows up. She questions her super power of good instincts. August says that his perspective changes as he writes and starts his book over once it does. He tells her to examine what she knows now that she did not in the beginning of the investigation, and, knowing those things, how she would she have done things differently. Emma decides to go back to the crime scene with August, where Ruby found the heart. When they arrive as the Toll Bridge, the sign now has an "R" written in, changing it to Troll. August has some trouble walking, due to shin splints, but insists it is nothing. Emma looks into the hole Ruby dug up and finds a shard from a shovel. Emma realizes that if she can find out who owns that shovel, they can clear Mary Margaret. August asks if she knows whose shovel it belongs to, and Emma responds with a knowing smile. August and Emma go to Regina's house where Henry has left them a key to get in. While Regina is in the shower, Henry signals her on his walkie-talkie that the coast is clear. In the shed, Emma finds the shovel with the complimentary broken piece, and she and August smile.
In the Enchanted Forest, Cora and Snow White talk about the wedding, and being a flower girl. Cora mentions how close Snow White and Regina have become. Cora asks Snow White why Regina has pulled away from her and says she would do anything to make her happy. Cora plays on how terrible it is to lose a mother as Snow White herself knows. Snow White tells Cora not to make Regina marry the king, as it would drive Cora and Regina apart. Snow tells Cora that Regina loves someone else, thinking it will help. Cora insists that nothing will take her daughter away from her and says that Snow must tell her everything.
Back in Storybrooke, Emma shows up at Regina's and shows her a warrant to look in her garage. She tells Regina about the broken shovel fragment and that and anonymous caller said that Regina was there digging. Emma looks in the garage but finds a different, and now intact, shovel. Emma says that Regina had been warned and that Mary Margaret is innocent. A furious Regina says that Mary Margaret is a liar and murderer, and that she will pay for what she has done; she has destroyed the last life she ever will destroy.
Emma goes to see August and accuses him of involvement in warning Regina about the shovel. She questions whether or not he is lying. He says that he is not, but Emma walks away unconvinced. Regina visits Mary Margaret and taunts her about her having to suffer. Mary Margaret tries to apologize for whatever it was that she did that Regina blames her for, but Regina refuses to accept her apology. She admits that she knows Mary Margaret did not kill Kathryn, but that she still deserves this anyway.
In the Enchanted Forest, Regina and Daniel try to run away, but Cora stops them. She laughs and says Regina's life is hers because of the deals she had to make to get them out of poverty. Regina says that Daniel makes her happy, and Cora seems to understand. She says that a parent always does what is best for their children, then she rips out Daniel's heart and crushes it. Cora tells a distraught Regina that this is her happy ending and tells her that love is a weakness, as it fades. However, giving up love gives one true power, Cora has saved her, and that she will be queen.
Regina is fitted for her wedding gown, and Snow White comes in to says how beautiful she will be when she marries Daniel. Snow tells her about the talk she had with Cora. Regina is confused as to why Snow White told her despite Regina asking her not to, and Snow White says that she did not want Regina to lose her mother, like Snow White lost hers. Regina is momentarily devastated, but composes herself. When she turns away from Snow White, her pink lips momentarily turn crimson red, then fade back when she faces Snow White. She says that she is not mad and that she was not in love with Daniel, it was infatuation. She tells Snow White that she will marry Snow's father, and she is happy to be her stepmother. The two of them hug. Cora shows up and tells Regina that she is proud of her. Regina realizes that Cora set up her rescue of Snow White and growls that she should have let Snow White die instead.
In Storybrooke, Regina holds the ring Daniel gave her and says, "We've got her." Mary Margaret is being taken away by police, and Emma questions Mr. Gold's assistance. Mr. Gold insists that Regina hasn't won yet, and there is still time for him to work some magic. In a fit of anger, Emma throws the vase of flowers from Sidney at the wall and finds an audio chip hidden. Emma approaches August, apologizing for doubting him and shows him the bug. They hear a scream and run toward it. They find Ruby, who says that "she" is in the alley. Emma runs to the alley and finds Kathryn lying on the ground, alive.
Deleted Scene(s)
"I'm Your Friend Too" (Scene 28-29)
David Nolan is sitting alone at Granny's when Regina Mills comes in. She sits down next to him and he tells her that he is wanted to testify against Mary Margaret Blanchard for the murder of Kathryn. David blames himself for what happened to Kathryn, but Regina reminds him that the car crash didn't kill her a person did (implying Mary Margaret). He wonders why Regina doesn't hate him, she claims that she is his friend, and that she is there for him. She places her hand on top of his and says that she is here for him at anytime. He leaves and Regina thanks Sidney for letting her know David was there.
Mary Margaret is fixing up her bed in her cell when Emma Swan enters. Emma tells her that Regina was one step ahead and the shovel was missing. Mary Margaret gets angry at her knowing that she could have run, but stayed because she trusted that Emma would be able to help her. Mary Margaret screams at Emma telling her to leave. She hears footsteps and thinks it's Emma but its Regina much to her surprise.
Guest Starring
Regina: Apology not accepted.
Mary Margaret: Please don't do this to me. I don't deserve this. I did not kill Kathryn.
Regina: Oh, I know, but you do deserve this.
Regina: My mother accepted! (sobs) The only way out is to run, for us to leave this place, for us to be married, for us to never come back.
Daniel: Regina, do you understand what that will mean? Life with a stable boy is a far cry from being a queen.
Regina: Being a queen is nothing. Daniel, all I care about is you.
Regina: Love doesn't work that way. Love, true love, is magic. Not just any magic. The most powerful magic of all. It creates happiness.
Snow White: And that man in the stables, you love him?
Regina: With all my heart.
Henry: The eagle is in the nest and the package is secure.
Emma: I left the code book at home, Henry.
Henry: She's getting in the shower and the keys are under the mat.
Production Notes
Event Chronology
Episode Connections
• In the second season, Cora's role becomes that of a main antagonist.
• The initial meeting and eventual marriage between Cora and Henry is revealed in "The Miller's Daughter".
• Daniel wants to take Regina to Firefly Hill, which is where Grumpy meets up with Nova in "Dreamy".
• How Regina was set up by Cora to rescue Snow White and attract the attention of King Leopold is shown in a flashback in "The Queen Is Dead".
• The manner in which Queen Eva died is explored in "The Queen Is Dead".
• The revelation of how Cora learned to rip out hearts is shown in "The Miller's Daughter".
• The origin of Cora's catchphrase, "Love is weakness" is revealed in "The Miller's Daughter".
Cultural References
Fairytales and Folklore
• In the stables, Regina's hands are touching the sides of Daniel's face and he pulls them down. As the camera pans for a close-up of her face when Daniel says, "Then if I am to marry you", her hands are once again back on his face. Then, the camera angle changes to show a side view of both of them with Regina's hands held by Daniel again.
• At the dock, Emma reads the latest edition of the Daily Mirror with an article detailing Mary Margaret's involvement in Kathryn's disappearance. Kathryn's name is misspelled "Katherine" in the article.[3]
• As Emma runs through the alleyway to investigate, the back camera view shows she is wearing bright red gloves. When the camera angle switches to the front after Emma reaches past the alley, her gloves are gone.
International Titles
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According to an AFP article dated 10 January 2020, Sultan Qaboos bin Said, the longest-reigning leader of the modern Arab world, has died at the age of 79. The sultan’s image and signature appears on all notes since 1976, so new notes will likely appear after a successor is named. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.975037395954132}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '73276', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DRQCCQQPGOTIFNCOFPASQ2AYPXLXGFNH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:eb9247d1-6508-49c7-a579-7cf6059901cf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 18, 3, 57, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.208.236.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:V6F4AMB4YIDB4NUEU75Q2YTTC7OWDJ5S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2bd95e0f-8bd4-43a8-94e5-9a0fd2ab53ed>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://banknotenews.com/files/048c61f4e904767629d3830eed175fdd-3159.php/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6cd7b348-2a88-4762-84ad-798bd43e31af>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '50', 'url': 'https://banknotenews.com/files/048c61f4e904767629d3830eed175fdd-3159.php/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-30.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0348166823387146', 'original_id': '7bf99b6408aacd7c96e383da70b157f8e5eb161f00aadd3fc11eb6d4d66181ac'} |
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A riveting political drama that's lost none of its punch. The excellent cast includes veteran actor Lee Tracy who was nominated for best supporting actor, which he should have won. He is in all but billing the star of this outstanding film. (a.k.a. "Gore Vidal's The Best Man") ( 1 reviews ) Topics: movie trailers, political dramas, dirty politics, Henry Fonda, Cliff Robertson, Lee Tracy, Ann... | mini_pile | {'original_id': '687134744b61c32fec4fe1fff1ef276b940dbf159f437ec6a670ddb78a587cd5'} |
Carers NZ
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Stroke is the third largest cause of death in New Zealand, with approximately 2,000 people dying every year. 90% of these deaths occur in people over 65. It’s also the major cause for adult disability in New Zealand. Recognising the signs of a stroke and responding quickly can have a significant impact on the patient’s chances of recovery or survival.
How to position a patient
When you discover a patient requiring attention, they won’t always be in the convenient position to commence first aid, or more importantly, a position that is safe for them or prevents the possibility of further harm. So you need to be prepared to move them into a comfortable, safe position whether they’re awake or unconscious.
Responding to an overdose
Almost any drug taken in excess can cause a person to suffer the effects of an overdose. Some prescribed medicines taken in excess or without medical supervision can prove fatal unless prompt care is available. This video shows how you can make a difference as a carer.
Assisting with a patient who has fallen
In New Zealand in 2010 more than 261,000 falls in the home were reported to the ACC. 59% of these were children or elderly people falling, and most falls occur when people are doing everyday things like walking up and down steps or getting in or out of the shower.
Dealing with burns
A burn can be very painful and distressing for a patient, especially an elderly patient whose skin may be thinner. Burns can result from contact with a heat source such as chemicals, hot metal, electricity, hot liquid or steam. And clothing over the area may retain the heat prolonging pain and causing further injury. In this video you will understand you how you can help a patient with a burn.
You call us for help | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '13', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9404631853103638}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '61860', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7SJ3JVCZAJVO6OIP6HVND2H3YIODCKOB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5f30811d-4d30-4499-ad7e-c7c947201606>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 19, 38, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '122.56.54.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FWLCW4ND3DUQNUFXDXJCCDY4KVORREUG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8f65dc17-c8d3-487a-9ff6-6ba8dc5fbba8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://stjohn.org.nz/First-Aid/First-Aid-Library/Carers-NZ-video-library/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7f4d97c2-9c3c-419f-8775-ddf33ebc4ddb>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '336', 'url': 'https://stjohn.org.nz/First-Aid/First-Aid-Library/Carers-NZ-video-library/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-230.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10323935747146606', 'original_id': '43e073c67a4043efacc3a3d91e5238345fd42e21c31559fd7914b45bd6ed85a0'} |
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Rumble Volume 6: Last Knight
A dark presence is turning the RUMBLE universe towards annihilation. One-by-one, the monstrous Scourge Knights of the Apocalypse march across the earth leaving death and despair as they go, and Rathraq's sword can't stop their grim advance. Neither can Cogan's magic. Maybe nothing can. Plus a collection of RUMBLE short stories by the best artists in the business!
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Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) is originated from France but Abruzzenhund is originated from Italy. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) may grow 15 cm / 5 inches shorter than Abruzzenhund. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) may weigh 10 kg / 23 pounds more than Abruzzenhund. Both Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) and Abruzzenhund has almost same life span. Both Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) and Abruzzenhund has almost same litter size. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) requires Low maintenance. But Abruzzenhund requires Moderate maintenance
Basic Information
Sporting dog
Herding dogs
Height Male:
47 - 58 cm
18 - 23 inches
60 - 73 cm
23 - 29 inches
Height Female:
45 - 55 cm
17 - 22 inches
60 - 68 cm
23 - 27 inches
Weight Male:
35 - 55 kg
77 - 122 pounds
30 - 45 kg
66 - 100 pounds
Weight Female:
32 - 52 kg
70 - 115 pounds
30 - 40 kg
66 - 89 pounds
Life Span:
12 - 15 Years
11 - 13 Years
Litter Size:
3 - 10
6 - 9
Medium dog
Large dog
Other Names:
French Pointing Dog - Pyrenean Type; Braque Francais, de Petite Taille
Colors Available:
mottled brown Chestnut brown, either solid or mixed with white. With or without ticking or roaning or tan markings
Black, Cream, White, Grey and Brown
fine and short
Profuse and Long
Energetic, Friendly, Gentle, Independent, Intelligent, Loving, Loyal, Playful, Territorial
Courageous, Independent
Low maintenance
Moderate maintenance
Kids Friendly:
New Owners Friendly:
The Braque Francais Gascognes and the Braque Francais Pyrenees are two alike dogs that are in reality separate breeds. The Pyrenees is not as rare as his larger brother, Gascognes. Around since the 15th century at least, not mush is really known about their origins. Because the Braque Francais was exported or taken to so many different countries in the 15th-18th centuries, a lot of information regarding the origins of the breeds were lost. There was a major study done in the 19th century that showed the two dogs came from very different blood lines. It is known that in this timeframe there was an acute need for a dog that was better than the current hunting breeds. This dog needed to be able to point, track, retrieve and flush.
With no authenticated story of origin, many myths have grown up in the vacuum. The most common belief is that the Chien d’Oysel, an ancient spaniel breed that was medium sized with brown or white fur and brown markings, is an ancestor of the Braque Francais and local hunting dogs. To make the Gascognes larger and stronger than the Pyrenees, local scent hounds were also crossed with these dogs. The Pyrenees does not have these scent hounds in their background.
Until the late 1800’s, there was only one type and one breed of Braque Francais. But when the breed was no longer the dogs of a nobility, the average hunter needed a smaller dog. Urbanization following the French Revolution added to this trend and the Pyrenees Mountain hunters crossed the Gascognes with smaller scent hounds and pointers. Thus, they created the Braque Francais Pyrenees and each dog became its own breed in 1920.
The Braque Francais breed club, including standards for both breeds was established in 1850 with the standards established in 1880. This acceptance was then followed by registration of both breeds in the International Kennel Club (FCI) and the French Kennel Club. Canada recognizes only the Gascoigne and the United Kennel Club (UKC) of the United States, recognized both. Neither breed has been recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC).
The Second World War was brutal to both types of the Braque Francais, but the Pyrenees have surpassed their sister breed and are the only one that has found its way to North America. The importers have started a breeding program in Canada. Later a few were imported to the States. There are currently at least four breeders in North America – 2 in the U.S. and 2 in Canada. It is thought that there are less than 200 Braque Francais Pyrenees living in North America.
The Braque Francais breeds are medium sized dogs with the Pyrenean standing 10 centimeters shorter than the Gascogne. They have a, white or chestnut brown coat with brown spots and a brown head. The Pyrenees has a head that is broader and ears that are not as long as the Gascogne. Their muzzle is narrower. He is strong, tall with hanging lips and square muzzles.
Lifespan of Abruzzenhund
Litter size of Abruzzenhund
Health Problems
The breed of Braque Francais in both its incarnations is generally a pretty healthy dog. They are prone to several issues including dysplasia of the elbow and hip, aortic stenosis, some eye issues and patellar luxation. The eye issues are around the lids and include ectropion and entropion along with cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). These issues are not avoidable, but the risk can be reduced even more by breeder testing of parents of any litter and then test the litter. Both the OFA and CERF should conduct tests for the dysplasia (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) and eyes (Canine Eye Registration Foundation).
Caring The Pet
This breed need a high energy food including raw meat such as chicken, fish, and beef. If feeding kibble, they need about 2.5 cups per day.
Health issues
Prone to inflammation and infections of the ears as they are long and floppy. Clean them regularly. As previously mention eye disorders, joint dysplasia and bloat.
Exercise and games
The Braque Francais Pyrenees is a fairly versatile hunting dog. They can hunt on all types of terrain by trailing, flushing and retrieving. They are quick and move quickly without actually sprinting. This dog needs serious exercise every day. They will walk or jog with you. They will run along side your bike. Whatever you choose to do, do it for an hour a day. Don’t make couch potatoes out of this breed. It will not turn out well if you do. They need a place where they can play off leash as well, such as a large yard or a dog park.
Feeding Abruzzenhund
Grooming the Abruzzenhund
This is a sociable, lovable, friendly breed. They are gentle and docile dogs that want only to please you. They like children as well as adults and will never be a guard dog as they are friendly to strangers as well. The Braque Francais Pyrenees is affectionate while being highly skilled hunters. They are prone to severe separation anxiety if left alone for long. They might even have a tendency toward shyness.
Comparison with other breeds
1. East Siberian Laika vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
2. French Spaniel vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
3. Flat-Coated Retriever vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
4. Finnish Spitz vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
5. Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
6. English Water Spaniel vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
7. Field Spaniel vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
8. Curly Coated Retriever vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
9. Lagotto Romagnolo vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
10. Braque Francais vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
11. Formosan Mountain Dog vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
12. Shikoku vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
13. Small Munsterlander vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
14. Kooikerhondje vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
15. Welsh Springer Spaniel vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
16. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) vs English Pointer - Breed Comparison
17. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) vs Ariegeois - Breed Comparison
18. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) vs Beagador - Breed Comparison
19. Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) vs Artois Hound - Breed Comparison
20. Braque Saint-Germain vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
21. Chow Chow vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
22. Pembroke Welsh Corgi vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
23. Dalmatian vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
24. Golden Doodle vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
25. Pomsky vs Braque Francais (Pyrenean Type) - Breed Comparison
26. Old English Sheepdog vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
27. Akbash Dog vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
28. Abruzzenhund vs German Shepherd - Breed Comparison
29. Briard vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
30. Rough Collie vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
31. Bouvier des Flandres vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
32. East German Shepherd vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
33. Saarlooswolfhond vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
34. Estrela Mountain Dog vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
35. Huntaway vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
36. Czechoslovakian Wolfdog vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
37. Perro de Pastor Mallorquin vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
38. South Russian Ovcharka vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
39. Mioritic Sheepdog vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
40. Akita vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
41. Samoyed vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
42. Labradoodle vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
43. Cane Corso vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
44. Alaskan Malamute vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
45. Mixed vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
46. Bullmastiff vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
47. Dogue De Bordeaux vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
48. German Shorthaired Pointer vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
49. Bloodhound vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
50. Great Pyrenees vs Abruzzenhund - Breed Comparison
Popular Dog Breeds | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '638', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.908076286315918}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '30159', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LVDYNGUF3HAHY2P4Z77UDGVWS4UCJKFJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7e148e62-2b73-43eb-81e4-27c8e16f2e00>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 20, 23, 30, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '99.84.181.15', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DCS3U7EZZKABIJGSQGCDT7SLLBFW2KMP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e60daa44-c888-4f1f-a1bc-74cbcbc661c4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.mydogbreeds.com/braque-francais-pyrenean-type-vs-abruzzenhund', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8640e618-9ffe-4962-87af-d61ae587d42b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2153', 'url': 'https://www.mydogbreeds.com/braque-francais-pyrenean-type-vs-abruzzenhund', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-20.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17396396398544312', 'original_id': '8e283916accc00ce3e70c9d1c1b630ac2de484093d47619aa99700444f2fb0e1'} |
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<h1 class="mt-4">New Learning Times - October Usage Report</h1>
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Nikita.Bogdanov
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November 19, 2018
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<p>The big screens near the door have recently been displaying some usage data from New Learning Times, for the fall generally and for October specifically. I've compiled this data into a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hYRVqCx9UFL4ZzZrQNROfitlYfqgH62Q/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">more detailed report</a> and invite you to give it a read if you're interested.</p>
<p>The key takeaways for me were as follows:</p><ol>
<li>We need to conduct a more focused study of dropping pageviews, sessions, visitors, and
other basic metrics to understand and counteract the dynamics behind the
dominant decline trend.</li><li>It may be worthwhile to reconsider the design of article pages so as to encourage
visitors to continue engaging with the site after they read the article on
their landing page, especially because most of the traffic that comes to the
site is referred from search engines and because most of this traffic lands on
an article page rather than on the homepage. Relatedly, it may be interesting
to experiment with the algorithm the curates the article selections on the
homepage.</li><li>While direct entry dominates referral for on-campus users, there are several
underutilized referral channels for off-campus users, who arrive at the site by
a variety of paths. Options include expanding the newsletter, improving SEO,
and continuing to advertise on Flipboard, all of which are likely to bring more
traffic to the site.</li></ol><p>Let me know if you have any questions or other commentary.</p>
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Analysis of P. aeruginosa disinfectant sensitivity and microbial adhesions to worn cosmetic contact lenses.
To compare the sensitivity of two genotypes of P. aeruginosa to various disinfectant solutions and analyze the attached bacteria on worn cosmetic contact lenses (cosCLs). In this prospective study, healthy volunteers wore etafilcon (brown), nelfilcon (gray), or hilafilcon (black) cosCLs and microbial adhesion analysis was performed. A rub-off test determined pigment dislodgement. Disinfectant sensitivity to Optifree Replenish (Alcon), Optifree Pure Moist (Alcon), Renu Fresh (Bausch & Lomb), and AoSept Plus (Ciba Vision) was tested at various disinfection times and compared between various genotypes and Type III secretion (T3S) system mutants. Of the 1152 cosCLs collected, 364 were culture positive (32%). The highest rate of culture-positive lens was hilafilcon (chi square, P = 0.0001). Hilafilcon also had a significantly greater number of isolates than etafilcon (P < 0.0001). Hilafilcon was the only lens to fail the rub-off test. Cytotoxic strains were significant more resistant to Renu Fresh than were invasive strains, even at 100% of recommended disinfection time (P = 0.0005). Of the tested disinfectants, Renu Fresh was significantly less effective in killing both genotypes of P. aeruginosa compared to AoSept Plus at all time points (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% recommended disinfection time, P = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0005, and 0.0005, respectively). When the T3S system was dysfunctional, mutant strains were all susceptible to disinfectants (P = 0.0001 for both invasive and cytotoxic strains). Pseudomonas species is commonly found on cosCLs of asymptomatic individuals. Wearers of cosCLs that dislodge pigments may be predisposed to microbial contamination. Cytotoxic strains are more resistant to disinfectant solutions, especially to Renu Fresh. P. aeruginosa disinfectant resistance requires a functional T3S system. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '408218dae80df227ce1dd8295b75d86bfd9200338de4bd48bf4f77da2b71e9f2'} |
Even apart from the incidental dit^culties that arose in the course of his administration, it was not likely, in that age, that the due line, which separates theological and purely spiritual affairs from the secular or political interests of the Church, should have been, well understood ; or if understood, consistently regarded ; in fact, it very soon came to be entirely overlooked; and while bishops were allowed still to exercise jurisdiction of a civil sort, which, now that the State had become Christian, should haVe been altogether removed from their hanik, the empe- ror, on his part, was importuned by the bishops to arbitrate in religious controversies, and in ques- tiems of discipline. In this article of the new IN THE FOURTH CENTURY. 267 system, therefore, although the rule avowed by Constantine might be valid, the practice which gained ground is certainly not to be imitated. ^We say the rule was good; and if expressed more at large, it amounts to this— That, while religion, in its primary and more momentous import, regards the condition of souls, indivi- dually, in their relation to God, and to the future life, it is also, though in a secondary, yet not an unimportant*sense, an interest of the present life, and a main clement of the social well-being of mankind. In its first sense, reli- gion comes under the control and direction of the ministers of religion — the clergy ; aqd any intrusion of thb magistrate, as such, within this sacred circle, or any endi'avour to bring the sentiments proper to it under the constraint of law, is a usurpation that ought to be resisted, even to death. But in its second sense, or as a fulcrum of order, and a cement of public peace, and as a rule of manners, and a sanction of civil virtue, religion not only may, but mmt be cared for, and be upheld, and be regulated by the State. How much soever the magistrate, in any instance, may desire to relieve his hands of this burden, hp finds he cannot do so without an aWndoi^ment of his duty. What is not sustained, will decay ; what is not kept in order, will fall into confusion. On points of this sort, men of the closet — those who arc as fond of theory, as tirey are 268 SPIRITUAL DESPOTISM inexperienced in the affairs of real life, and who hold in contempt any dictates of prudence which they do not know how to connect with abstract principles, will never grant us their acquiescence. Meanwhile, if entrusted, directly or indirectly, with the serious interests of a community, we must advance, with or without a theory, on the safe ground of common sense. The morals of a nation are to be guarded ; sentiments of awe toward the Divine Majesty are to bo cherished ; the instruction (and, to be efficacious, it must be a religious instruction) of the people, far from being abandoned to the efforts of precarious zeal, must be secured on a broad foundation; and more than tKis, those extensive interests of the Church, and those modifications and adapta- tions, made necessary by the revolutions of time, which no individuals, privately, are in a position to superintend, and which, moreover, the Church itself is often tardy in attending to, demand a vigilant regard; and must, at intervals, receive a vigorous impulse from the magistrate or the legislature. Certain modem refinements of opinion, which would restrain a prince, or a legislature, from taking thought of the most important of all the earthly interests of a people (we say earthly, for we here exclude what is strictly spiritual) never, we may be sure, occurred to the mind of Con- sta^ne; and wo find him, without scruple. Ideating and issuing edicts in conformity with IN THR FOURTH CENTURY. 269 those higher and purer principles of morality which he had leanicd from the Gospel. The expediency, or even the justice of certain of his measures may be questioned, or may be denied ; and especially we must condemn his intrusions, though they were not frequent, upon purely theological ground. We must also, and without a doubt, reprobate those few acts — they were but few, in which; at the instigation of the clergy, he used severities against schismatics. But it is an error to suppose, as some aiipear to do, that Constantine’s personal temper and conduct, toward the Church, were dogmatical and cruel ; or that the leading principle of his polity was intolerant. » A cartiful consideration of the circumstances of the times, and a knowledge of facts, are requisite, before a sweeping censure should be passed upon the course pursued by the first Christian emperors toward their pagan sub- jects. This course was in«leed far from being always consistent with the principle whence professedly it sprung; nor was the principle itself altogether such as our modern notions of religious liberty will approve. The principle avowed was, that the womhip of false gods, and all customs therewith connected, were to be, by all means — not excluding the most ex- treme, suppressed, as immoral and impious. But while severities were resorted to in some 270 SPIRITUAL DESPOTISM, instances, a connivance was admitted in others, which brought into suspicion the imperial sin- cerity, and operated to protract the adherence of the upper classes to the ancient idolatries. Polytheism has never been otherwise than grossly impure, and horribly cruel in its prac- tices. Both these characteristics belonged to it in a high degree, such as it had come down to the age of the Christian emperors. The Egyp- tian rites, perpetrated constantly, and in open day, on the banks of the Nile, were insuflerably obscene : so, though in a less offensive degree, were many of the usages of the Grecian and Roman worship. Horrid and sanguinary rites prevailed among the less civilized and outskirt nations of the empire; and .indeed, without looking so far, the bloody shows of th'^ amphi- theatre, although not strictly a part of the old religion, had become firmly connected with it, and had come under its patronage, and their enormity was boundless and shameless. These various abominations could no^ consist with the public profession, or with the maintenance and spread of Christianity. Christianity might indeed endure them while she was herself depressed and bleeding ; but she could no longer bear the offence, when calmly seated at' the right hand of the secular power. To talk of the rights of conscience, in relation to cruelties and obscenities — called religious, is a ridiculous affectation. Tiiose who choose so IN THE FOURTH CENTURY. 271 to amuse themselves, may deny the right of the magistrate to interfere in any case with the worship and belief of a people; but assuredly a sound-minded prince will not hesitate a mo- meht, when once he finds himself able to pro- hibit pious murders, and pious prostitutions; or to suppress any system of oppression and knavery, which may take the mask of devotion. Thus felt Constantine, and his successors ; and they actually effected the*removal and extinction, throughout the empire,' of many of the worst practices of heathenism : — ijie reform was great and important. But it would be unfair to expect that the distinction between those religious prdbtices which are incoippatible with the maintenance of publid morals, or with the security of life, and what is strictly matter of opinion and reli- gious sentiment, should, in that age, have been understood and respected, either by emperors or by their clerical advisers. In truth, it is found, even now, an ^air of considerable practical difficulty to draw the line safely when we have to do with the usages of a corrupt superstition. If the administration of our Indian possessions presents many perplexing instances of the col- lision ^f thebretic principles with the maxims of government,* it is no wimder that the first Christian princes often erred, as well in principle as in their measures, when called upon to deal — inexperienced as they were, with the abomi- 272 spmrruAL despotism,- ^nations of polytheism. Tp have given no check to the sanguinary rites practised under their eye, and to have connived at the pollutions of the Phoehiciaa and Egyptian temples (not to mention others little less atrocious) would infal- libly have brought their sincerity into question, in the view, as well of their pagan, as of their Christum subjects; and must have rendered nugatory all their endeavours for the further- ance of the Gospel. * yet, in taking the only course which they could think open ,to them-7-namely, that of authoritatively proscribing the grosser and the more cruel usages of Paganism, and in actually emplbying the public force for the extermination of 'these evils, the emperors .advanced upon ground, and brought the Church with them upon ground, where nothing could happen but that both should learn the bad lessons of reli- gious Intolerance. The sword, drawn against polytheisni, would, in the next moment, be '^^r^ed upon heretics and schismatics. Consi- dprihg the spirit end notions of the age, we ough^ to wqnder rather, that this was done so selddUl> thim that it.vtas done at alL In truth Constantine" exhi^te^n .extren^ relpctance.to the use of coihpo^o]^;in^|tsures>. aud,or<Snarihr shipped shpet/jn .^^uqaUng up t^ ' conventicles pf -t^$bse whojji^pnilgti^ l^umiselves. the Nev4^^^ .:jthe iat^^ precedent of pBnsgcuTioH^ waH^ymally giy^, and IN THE FOCRTH CENTHRr. 273 sanctioned; and^^W Chufch, tiiroug^ a long course of ages^ %ent on to wade, without re- morse, in a path Bodd«ik with Christian tears and Christhm blood. We sliould co&unberate, as much as condemn, thoiile whoso unforitmato position, in a manooT, oompelfedl them to take steps up<Hi a riiptieiy desoent, where the human foot could hardly secure a siding. • One other article of**Constantine's acclerias- tical polity (already adverted to in ^liaashig) remains to be more distinctly spoken of; and here again, wliat we have to bhme, is not the carrying the charcfa-andnstate system, a^d the establishment principle, to^ fdl*; but the not carrying^ them &r enough. The Church,'* or we shoufd now say, the c^isoopal chiefe, had not only accumulated great wealth, but had drawn to themselves very extensive judicial powers, stretched, by various pretexts, from a narrow circle, until questions and conttoverries of almost every sort were brought within thehr sphere. The bishops* daily en^loyments* in the larger sees, were more secular than' spiritual: and he was seen oft6ner,^nd Ihiened to more eager^, on tl^ ben^i^uividh^ h^h^tances, than th the jtolpfr, This enomotts evdt>^u^eo worst usurpations, and to clerical n^ity, and watr^^«]prihd^ frldom of throwing Moflph hands of tho^hfdi a T 274 SPIRITUAL DESPOTISM, power that enabled her, in the end, to vanquisli and trample upon the civil authority — ^this great mischief should doubtless have been altogetlicr removed. The ori^nal plea on which, by the apostolic sanction, secular didbnsnces among the fiiithfiil were to be referred to an arbitration within the Chur^f iWdnelyx the shame to the Gospel iidplied^ in expoaitig the discords of Christians before tlie imbelieving world, was nullified when the bishop’s hall had become as public a place as the courts of civil law ; and when the principles of Christian equity were respected in the one judicfiturc as much as in the other ; and when, moreover, the custom of appeal to ecclesiastical authority had reached an extent absolutely incompetible with the discharge of the spiritual Amotions' of the bishops., Wltlt.the hipest advantage to all parties, thfe U) pxafit>p0^tai£^t havq l^en brought to a jdose. fi^d be no consistency, and little vaUffil^, ’i^the proceoditii^ of civil courts, while such an ihnypCnini^ng of jurisdictions continued : it Was at mtbe>a rqti^nness in the State, and an ulcer in' beson^' cS tim <7hureh. 27S !n tongae, lenew very well what Was snb- stantml in the prerogaHves she had acquired during her days of depxearion ; por Was she at all likely to SQri!<^der> hi the summer ritno of favour and pro8perfiy« ^hat ^ had Von iir the winter of her^mtow. ‘ Even tW tiai^e»']p«di^^'ndg^t havuedmo forward to sustafn clergy in rmiathig the abo> lition of the episcopal JuriCdiotion. A propensity to resort to Vague, Vdlier them to w^*defitt^ means of securing douhthfl hiteTests, belongs to human nature, and espepiaJKy'aniOng the unin- formed dasses. There were and chances^ attaching to the Bishops^ de^on, which«would not seem cotripensuted by the stem and' well- regulated jostito of efril qQdrta. Be riiis as it may, the dai^eroas and Vwmptihg influence, over common interests, over persons, and pro- perty, long before obtained by the ministers cd Christianity, instoad of .being superseded, was confirmed by the emperors. Here then we fin^ one of the chief engines <d^e{fritua} deiqtoriein-^ an engine corwtrocted attfl toought toto play during the pristine of .the Church, left in operation, bej^^' had'alfeadf ^ come too str^'-for Siato. ^ the civil anthority )u^ BstabUsh^ meat, in toe fnodertt snd with a firm hand had pat Idie^i^lt in Khr place, and had assumed to Ihidrm pwqftr fttttetions and prerogativet,lwtoMer wOnld hnvefohnd T jJ 276 SPISirdAL DESPOTISM, her path of encroachmetit banedt^she mtist henceforth have minded her daties. I III was this fetal dereliction of its fights and functions, on the part of the civU power, copi- pensated by the preri^tive which the emperors reserved to themselves of convening oecumenic councils, or by the right of investiture. The one was •a power, the exercise of which might be of doubtftil expediency, and of small practical value ; the latter was d usurpation, not to be justified on abstract principles, and productive, in most instances, of fruitless and perilous con- tentions between princes and prelates. This same yrant of a clear and peremptory demar- cation between the spiritual and the temporal elements of power, and this mutual intrusion of the two authorities upon each other’s duties, was the leading fault of those arrangements that followed the public recognition of Christianity. Had such a^artition been effected by Constan- tine, the riwnlt must have been the cashiering the clergy of extensive powers and opportunities of aggrandfeement, which they had secured to themselves under the voluntary qrstem, and by the means tff it v ' But the auspicious sdtson fer Jhrhighig about a well-defined national estshlishment, and for hemming in sidritual hfobitiife, was lost (that is to say, lost, if Comtsntine actually bad the iwer to curb the Ghineh» ns well as to fevour r*}%e sinews of hierarmfcal tyjranny were m niB i*ouRTH bEimmr. 277 left to U ; and hUa it gained fie$h and blood and beauty — corpulence and eompleaion^ from the nutriment of atate patronage, ft did not, in apy degree, hme ita internal v%tnir, or become less enterprising^ or less bold end assiduous, with its inoiiiease of bulk and marrow. At the era of Constantine’s cemversion, Esthm* bowed and fainted in the presence of Ahasuams; but Ahastterus fi>rgot his discretion as a prince ; and though he kq)t his ttijrone, mid spoke as lord and sovereign, he allowed tlie fair aippliant, in the end, to her owm terms, and to secure her future ascendmicy. The severaT articles of CtmAtantine’s religious polity, ^ which we have adverted, are chiefly of an exterior and visible sort ; and in these it is manifest that, whatever might be the submissive style of ecclesiastical leaders, and how magisterial soever m^t be the tones of this iidperial Hector of the Church, every substantial advantage was left in her bands, ai^ the civil authority, flu: from having brought tibte spiritual power into bubsorvieney to iis^ or even into a position of permanent cipipoise* in the manner which we think of as pfcper to 4 nsirional establishment, con%med secured to it the encroachments it had already made» that ]M|d got wrong in the workii^( of the voliurtaiy nueij^e during the preceding two cmituifiKb'' waa net forward with a new impetU8»^|^il|tead^ of bdi^ redressed by 278 SPUUTtfAL PBarOTMM, Tig4m>us enaetmdiito ;<-6iiitetnfieiitt saeli as would have amounted to w)iat we tnfsnd and desire in an Established Cbitroh* « f The prt^ess of Church Power, in regalrd to its external eondUions, and espedalljjr as ^cen- trating around the see Of Roihe, has been ftittjr exhibited by several eminent moctem writers, and is a snliject fstniliar to English' ears. To go over ilds ground anew, 'would be here super- dttous ; and besides, in the present volume, we keep our eye r^her upon tho substance and occult principle of Spiritual Despotism, tbail upon what may be (»dled its political steps, or those dreumstanOes and revolutions of which the historian takes account. * We have then yet to make inquiry concern- ing the nobobtraded spirit and feeling of the Church (that is to say, of its ohieft) in the era now under reviev^ and while the open subjuga- tion of the secular authority was (mfy in prepa- ratfodi 'ehtring this ambiguous period, she visibly bowed before the imperial throne, but really was mistress of aifi^rs, and seems tb have conceived the idea of 'graa|»hig every sort ofauthoti^. ' One camtot peruse the omtioni apd epWee of the time Vtitfaonf peredving tiiat rim clergy distinctly felt their stijsngrit, that strength w^h they drew from th^ iidlmate influ- JHs with a large class ‘‘UiSilhe people. No IN vm MSI&TH al^VlAr. The dmk cloud that passed over the Churidi dutoig the short inimic^ reign of Julian, served to bring to visw the real tempm* of the leading men of the th|B^**7^o, amid the dazzling beams of A QOou^i^.'ikm, we do not distii^pdsh the flirs*^thM bm kiqpt ahve in a camp covering a ; tot if. Rio heavens be- come siiddei^y ovmciut with Rjininy volumes of vapour, we, then inaptly pe^^^ ^ smoul- doring heaps, faeS^tod there, which ghiiT and 280 8C|B4|»rAL l»||irOYlBM, hrighteai^ and vhidi thi|^hufi}i|g gusts of .the coming tempest soon £in mCo a flamo. The orations of Gregoi^^ Nfvsuniz«n> and two of the epistles of Ba^ not to look hnrther, afford in^^tions enough of the feeling, or' of the preparaUon of feeBng, working in ejnscopal bosoms^when ^ (^mstian bo^;]ri^i]^ itself again threaten^ with hostility. A very greats and we may say, a very improbable tevolntion in princi- pies and maxims mustdiave taken place before Christians could have thought of opposing force to force; and, happily, the fajl of their adver- sary very early broke up any medita^tions (if actually revolved) of an unbecoming sort. But this uiiexpected check served to exhibit a con- sciousness of power in the Church, and deep- ened it too. Accustomed as we are, in' modern times, and notwithstanding the spirit of freedom that is abroad, to respect the courtesies due to royalty defunct, our ears are startled by the harsh and rancorous invectives heaped upon the name iS the apostate, by thp Churchmen of • the day. It m^ht have been supposed tlnd, though the frmily of Cgnstant^ had now no surviving avenger, the wearefs of tjre pui^le would tosented ipsult^ to. the dotd, as touohing tiiefr own d^ty. » ^ The chanipng ciraamstSUQes Arlan controversy, iu its <mufse tl^amigh the fourth century, elicited many pmrter^us expiessiaDs of liurch feeling,' iSe do not ||gxiC cbnndi orro- IN TUB FdUftTH cijjlifeAlkr* 281 ganee, in relntioti iit imp6i$^ ^hority. Hilary of Pdatiocs/' Martin Uf Tuv$tf» Am- broae of MSaiv 9B UfgeufB from their vrHittgs, oi^ from their repotted' fl|>eeelie8 and cotiduet, knew thenttdr^.tn itaad in n position such as allowed then^to ineasnre forces vifri the State. Bot the eneigy df the siihdttisl des^ potism oi Siis period, was ^wn when ft length occariODB arose caUlng lor the application of the wcmted discipline of the Church to imperial delhiqtteuts. Now, when these instances meet us, we should by no means hastily blame the bold impartiality of the bishops Who dared to reprove sin updi the throne ; on the contrary, their intrepidity, and especially*if we could think it simple mindpd;^ claims admiration. Yet it is highly ftaprob^le that these punitive measures would either have been atten^ted on the one side, or submitted to on the other, unless church rul^ had well understood the breadth and firmness of the ground they then occupied> and unless {whices had understood it too. The well known conduct of Ambrose toward Theodosius^ which inched fell little short of that of the popes of the twelfth century toward the piinces df thefr rime, ’puts beyond reasonable doufal’the a^rtion that, though the civil and the eodesiasth^l authmitiea wmre then in a relative pdsitfon, sueh> an apparently left the supremacy with the fotfder, pubHiF oj^on bad reached a point which aftoMtili the latter to say and do 292 flJWRlVVAJi almost whatever its own ^Scr^oa A^bi admit. It is well> in any age« when the high piiadples of Christian morality are so regarded, and have such force, that the mightiest monarohs foel themsdves compelled to yield obedience to church censures. But this can happen only under two eonditicinst that' is to say, either when genume Christian virtue so govoms the sentimente of the mass of manhind, as that dis- dpline takes effect, as^t were, spontaneously; or else, when clerical arrogance has reached a height that enables it to indulge in the gratifies' tion of smiting a crowned tu^ andnted bead. Now we cannot contemplate the moral con-, dition of the Roman world ih the age of Ambrose, and believe that Theodosius bowed to the majesty of public virtue. What he Actually bowed to was, the terrors and the pride of spiritual dei^tism. This single instance, looked at by itself, or as a scene in a drama, compels our admiration, and we can do nothing but ^plaud the holy intre' pidity cl file minister of heaven. Had the same courage alwsye> ee*iQ this case, been ex- erted on the sidb of humanity,'’ao reputation would have*il<iod'')hl^er Anil^se. That he himti^ dinferely vegMdsd^lhciee^ prind^es of lel^on and to vrideh he compelled ^is soTm'<tigh tb homage,* caunot ' ‘^ly be doobt^ But there were^t^.prin- h»e, and there was anOtheliRnbjeet, iusepanbly IN niE romra criSvMitY. 283 comwcted in lifai mjbdt^th pacer watHes, and which swayed hie omidact w^ at least an force. These pcindptcd hnrolycd tile tiaiiiiQen< dei)py of chitroh ^poe^i and ^tiiia ftnid ol^aet was the very saoiei elierwairda' so bcddjy pcnv sued, and at achieved^ by the pa^, court, naaaely; the'f^lnte s^Ju|^on of the' secular to the spiritual power. It is (ptite im- * possible to doubt the identity of purpose and of principle, when the huigltagO used by tiie chiefii of the hierarchy is traced badcward, shall we say, from the Decretals of Gre^ry IX. and thence to the epistles of Innocent III. and thence to those of Gregory VIL ; and pgfun to the writings *of Gregory thd Great, and of St. Leo, and of>Ainbrose? Nay, our retrogres- sive inq[(ihy should not stop there; for the very sanu: slyle and terms meet us, scarcely disguised, in the pages of Cyprian. During this long course of time, though at a first glance we may think «W6 see the Church, not merely patronized and favowed, but go- verned by the States a very little attention to facts, and to the balfnittefed sentiments of ecclesiastics, is enough to convince ua that the real n^tetiVe po^^n of tiie two powers was tiie reverse of w||at< it appeared, Oti the one side there was a gvowibg^ consciousnSM of ind^n- deot authorttyrond on the ether afBe1ing<tf virtual suldcction, po^y compensided by the forms of imperial rule, or< bl>^|ahigle exertioos of power. 284 8f1 RITUAL fiSSPOnSM, The chorch'bbd-siate irjrstem (if such it can be called) from the time of Theodosius^ and on> ward, was, in its bssettce, whether or not in its form, the oppoute of our modem national erta< blishments : and if we can only imagine, what in truth seems oidikely, that an entire commu- nity— its upper and its lower classes, should come m frilly under the power of arbitrary religious mptives, as did the mass of the Chris- tian community in the'%urtb and fifth centuries, a non-established bishop (or presbyter) of an English or Americab city, might copy the pat- tern of an Ambrose or an Urban, and chastise and humiliate kings and emperors* What ren- ders the recurrence of any sucK acts of clerical arrogance improbable, is not the present feeble condition of ecclesiastical establishments, but the decay and dispersion of those deep feelings on which superstition founds its power. Before we lose si^t of the archbishop of Milan, it may be proper to advert to circum- stances which, though they' scarcely attract notice on the page of history, are yet significant as showing the tendency of church affairs. Again and agun it mi^peped, when Theodosius visited hu spirit! mrd, comhigf^Mih frpm the oriental pomps of his Constani^noi^olitan court, and being surrounded by bbsequicus Greeks, that he had to be schooled anew in the hard lesson j|bf the nothingness of earthly distincrions, and the subserviency of tiid temporal to the spiritual IN THE FOOETH CEMipiY. 285 authority. At ho^^'wjbeti. atten^ng bratiou of tW '^sacrc^ jQirs^de8,’’ ,^c<^^ assigned to the empfrof aaj^v^de^.|ii^\»ear th^ altar:. but not sd at Muam for Arabise cQtdd grant no.fiWj^enojy |d a iiaetn layaw* such as naighi seein to ^.iipdn^an ^u«^ with the ^V^t > of the pu^^le whj^n joq^ ^ in Ih'n UgHt of am- secrat^ candles^! . **, My, Mn» stand among the people, without the rffll.*C’ ^, Whehy’^ replied the childlike master of the'wodd^ ” when shall I learn that an empgror Is nqt a {ntest?** Theo- dosius in Italy had to for^get the Theodosius of the eastern etQpire> The hehaTirat of Martin of Tours to Makun^ 'is quitn in accofdance with that of .^bro^ The‘,,^ertera Church bad, at d very eany tiihe att^^tKe cphver^on of Constantine, and the Jrem^T ^.the' court to Byzantium, gmned sp'^^u^n the secular power, as to be in ^fi,^^n6t inj^rm^^on the ascendant side. The two fdrops, it^ay 'be said, were still in equipoise, h^caiise^ a ' :1nominal '. supremacy was accorded tq the qnp^rs; but the leading prelates of the ]^t% jp.hurch, .. hroni the first, breathed the sonl of t^bi^n ' The.]^epar^^^,t^^ is to say, the church aii^ df Home, Us centre^:, vm, very far, )|nd alm<^ as well of eastern . 9 ^. tl^ opened 'the. path to ito, the. 28G SPIRtTU^f. 1>ESPOTI$M, waters of a flood are 'rising, whether the swelling torrents are opposed and made angry by hmi embankments, or ingress is given to them by tlie fall of barrier after barrier, still the issujp is the same; — the tide ris^, inch by inch; hill after hill disappears, and at length nothing but here and there some ugnal of rain brezftcs the waves of the universal deluge^ But turning aside from the grpdnal advance of the PAPACY, and bestowing our attention rather upon the real springs of that spiritual despotism which the pq)acy inherited and employed, we find, during the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries, the rules and practices of church discipline reaching a state which left almost every sort of encroachment upon the secu1^v« authority open to the discretion of ecclesiastics. The engine of this discipline was plied, or was stayed, in par> ticular instances, in accordance with the policy of the moment, or the temper and courage of pontiffs and their agents. It was a power — now held in abeyance — now produced and mo- derately worked, to inspire a necessary fear; and now brought to bear with all its terrors upon -mme unfriended delinquent. The assumed grounds, and the chief points of this church discipline, wid claim to be briefly considered in the next Section. They were indeed all devised and produced, and more or less put in force, during that pre- Kminary era which has now been under review ; , 1\ Till? POUJITH CKNTnRT. iJST but tlioy will be examined to best advantnj?e, Mich as we find them professed without reserve, and acted upon without scruple, from tlic pon- tit^ate of Gregory the Great, down to the time of the Lutlieran Reformation. In the cast, t)ie Church, at once patronised and repressed by the immediate presence of imperial power, retained, to the last,^ its ser- vility, and existed only as a pomp of the court, fhit in the west, sacordiA'il ambition took a free course ; the difference ot national temperament favouring those accidental circumstances of the empire which gave it room. During the later years of this era of couuteqwise, it is maiiifesl, as well in relation to the oast as the* west, tliough far more^^^ccisively with the latter, that the occult motive of concession to secular au- Ihority, oil the part of tho Church, was the need it !>tin felt of the imperial arm for the sup- )>ression of heresy and schism. " Lend us your sivord when we want it, and wc will call you master.** This jvas the language of patriarchs and popes, and this the reason of moderation mid obedience on the one side, and of the con- tinuance of a nominal suprenfacy on the other. \ 1-dative bearing not very unlike to this, and whi' l?*wo must iiereaftei* more distinctly advert to, subsisteil between Church and State in England from the reformation to the revolution. Except for giving cficct to its sentences of banishment, confiscation, and death, the Church wanted 28S SPIRITtJAl. DKSPOTISM. nothing which the State had to bestow'. Already it had established its irresponsible domination over the minds of mankind — it ruled their hopes— it ruled their fears — it grasped their persons, their wealth, their souls; it claimed earth, it disposed of heaven : none could speak or breathe, on this mortal scene, without its leave ; none go out of it safely, without its pass- port.. '^he magistrate yet held the sword — the public force was unde]>4iis control, and for this sole reason, the Church did him homage. The era of the counterpoise .of the secular and spiritual powers was not the period of a churrh- and-statc alliance, in thb modern, or in any propcir sense oil the phrase; hut of an am- biguous and changing conte^ between two independent forces, never really adjust^, tie\ er in harmony ; a contest marked by the slow but sure advances of the insidious party, and ter- minated by a prouder and more unlimited triumph than itscli had imagined. Tlie moment of the consummation of this yictory wc shall nut attempt to fi-v. IHI fHinOf t'Cl-NDlM. '>S!) SECTION Ml > • ini; cut K( II \S< bND\NI. •• 1 1 U'nd, not a liltic, to dispel soniedelii- M\e inipieNMoiis.cumiiion t» llieprotest.iid world, if a jduase could be Ibimd wliirli, while eha r.ir<eristie of tlie superstitious and tlespolk >\s((m lliat, ftou) the i*eoud and lliird eeu luiies uperAev'id, and di-.plaeod Christianitv , sboidd eleavlv separaK' it from its accidental conin*\ion with the papacy, and the llomisli bi*-i in hical tyranny. 'I'lie popes occujiied, and turned to theii particular idvanlaj'e, tins v.isi and retined system of error anti ojipresaoii ; but the system itscU has det'jior loots, is more n rouditc, more intellectual, and ib mon* ancient .'ban the usurpation of the bishojis of Home. Not IS this all; tor the spiritual essenee of pi;peiy has outlived the overthrow of the papal doiej'Vition* or the proper power of lloiru* ; and ;^wh!' h is a .significant truth) it may survive the total dispersion and final dissolution ot that hieiarchy of which the pope is head and organ. Theic is, then, '•onu* substantial and piactic.d I 2'X) MIHUI \l IM Sl'O'l ts^f. ini])orl<in(‘c' in dii inijuiry i-oncmiin" thosi* then* retie aviunis to vvliicli tlie I’apiicy f>av<- \usil)I(> .111(1 audible expression. What weie tlie graspiii}' pinieiphxs tliat imparted strength and vitality to popc'ry, and which, without snppo-.in}{ any ihini' chimerical, may start Ibrtli alr(-sh, and rule the world a^ain, when jiopery shall be ibund no where bi|t on the pa{>e of history ! Instead then of occupying our jiresent nari'ow space, as might easily bf^doue, with graiihk de- scriptions of that state of society, and of that ordei ol character, which the despotism of Konie, while at its height, engendered; and instead of adducing striking instances of the cruelties and the abominations that attended its pievalence; and instead of attempting an Ijittorical synopsis of the steps of its advance and declidc; and instead of giving the reins to our emotions (»f indignation anil abhorrinee m the mcov ot U' tyranny, perfidy, and corruption, wc shall en- deavour calmly, ard as concisely as possible, to set forth, in its 'cveial leading articles, the theory of spi itual (h'spolism, such as it may he gatht-ied from the v ’'urch writers of the times when it had reached its full proportions. Some passing hints excepted, the author does not here assume the task of refuting the princi- ples he has to e.\hibit. In truth, the most con- vincing lefutation of them we have always at hand, in the horrors and the religious debauchery to wl.'ch they gave support. I 111. (HMUn \Sfli\IM\T, i‘)l Lia it 1)0 kept in iniiul, tlial, wlii'ii spis-ik- in.i* oi ehurt'li <lc*sjiotiMu, as in llie jik'iiitiuh* of its jamc'i, v\e are thinking of the tliree or^ (onr centuries that date their counnence- inent from the pontilirate of llildehntnd ; j'ef alnays rcmeinhorin'' that tliose do<?-<lHvs ol spiritual arrogance were di-'tineuishc d from the preceding ctj, more h\ the tinn .ind .digvstecl condition of its musims, and hy tie* hold u\ov.il of them, than any real ditfeience ol piincijiii. li Mie reader has been accustomed ‘1. thii'lv tliai th« poc-ev} o( St. Dnn.slan, Sr. IJecket, and St. Dominic, v.as the popery oi f/mit, (lisiiiK tiiu’hj, he will do w^-ll to t.ik in hand the Indky f••l> > that contains the Di'Civtal.' ol (e;-j.-(n-v I\.. .\here he will find ihe adult [lopeiy of that pontifFs <Ta set out in -dl 'Is mils and jiracLices, even to the most OtMOiti* ]>oiot.s, anil these, often .soMained hy. :• evpiessed in. the very -.ouls of the gnsit urilers of liie l(>ui*th and cinli<r eeiitnries. If .in^ are not convinced of it, let them gi\e tiie necessaiy diligence to learn the certainty ol th<- irnth that the .spiritual despotism whidi f.) <1-1 in the popes, is now si.vteen hundred seuis old, and. rather more. .\nd, moreovei. lei n ''e understood, ami maturely considered, that ill* Dutheran nfoimation was an ass.ndt, much I 'Mier upon tie* I’.icuv, and upon its special errors and sujierstitions, than uiion the tlieory and iicinciples of the spiritual ■r 2 292 SI'IRITUAT. OFSPOTISM. despotism, of which the pnpacy was tlio acci dental form. /V second reformation, and it must be an exlensive one, remains to be atterapled and achieved — by our sons, such as shall bring t^ie Church home to its resting-place upon tlie foun- dation of the “ Apostles and l^rophels.” The TiiEoav of the sjuritual dcs])otism em- bodied in the Ilomislr* superstition, and fully realized during the middle ages, may conve- niently be exhibited, under fivv* articles, each of which makes itself felt in every practice and principle of the Church ; and each is a pillar, the removing o5 which would Iravc bi ought the whole edifice to the ground. ^Xhese articles we thus enumerate.' — I. That inasmuch as religion is of supreme importance and of infinite moment, whatevm directly or indirectly promotes or obstructs the spiritual well-being of mankind, cames a conse- quence immensely outw.-ighing oven the most important secular interests. The vt-iy least <if those duties, or claims, or functions, that are connected ‘vith fJod and eternity, is therefore to be held greater than the greatest of the things of earth ; nay, than all these tempoi^l and'ferres- trial affairs put together. ^ II, The spiritual well-being of mankind, or, in a word, the relations of man to (xod and eternity, are placed under the control of a THE ClIURdl ASCENDANT. 2:)o visible corporation — the (Hiurch, and under a rec- torship — that of its head, apart from whoise juris- diction there can be no safety here or hereafter. %in. This control and rectorship is, by the (‘X[»ress appointment of heaven, one; nor, in the nature of things, can it be divisible: it is moreover unchanging and perpetual. IV. Mvery ordinary act and spiritual ollice, and every decision or decree of this one rectorial authority, is infallibly ^ood, eflicacious, and, in the estimation of Heaven, valid ; and this nol- withstandiiig Ihe* frailty, of errors, or personal imjirobity, or impiety, of the individual from tvhosc lips and hands it may at anytime proceed. V The function of thi^ p.'^rpetual rectorial authority inchiASs three cliarges; namely, the preservation of truth, the pieservatiou of murals, and tile disposal of souls in the eternal state. It will be proper to show the practical expo- sihoM given of these articles severally, by the llumish (‘lunch ; and in that exposition we shall lind a suflicient refutation of them. Hut let the n^acler bear in mind, as we advance, the readi- ne‘.s with which the principles as here stated, wb'le viewed in an abstract form, might recom- men«X themselves, even to the most vigorous and uprig!*: oihijs, as excellent and unexceptionable. Some ol the greatest and the best of men. in surrendering themselves, body and soul, to the Romish Church, have stepped back from the par- ticular practices of that Church, and have taken 291 SPIRITUAL DhSPUlIsM. tlieir standing, as they thought immovably, upon the tlieory of churcli power, such, in substance, as wc have now to state it. The thorough sin- cerity and virtuous intention of many of the most zealous champions of the papacy may well be admitted. Alas, the condition of humanity ! How should we commiserate, and how tenderly bear witli each other, as the unconscious victim'*’ ofti'n of illusions! and how should each bring to the severest lest his own conduct and con- victions ! The lesson of modesty and charity should indeed be gathered from the humiliating pages of church history. I’he pious and the upright Avo find ; but where find those who have been altogether exempt fi’oni infatuations ? The religious theory and pchty we have now to analyse could never have been imagined by minds of that inferior class which, wth a con- sciousness of turpitude, pursues hii&e ends by base means; on thi' contrary, spirits of the loftiest order, and tin •>•' intensely atlected by the most j)owei’l'ul motive' which hrainan nature can admit, and accustomed to grasp the largest ideas, were the authors of th' vast scheme of govern- ment. Nevertheless, it was a scheme that could not have been brought ti* bear npoii the social system without the coiista'it coopera- tion of the cruel and the false. Tliis indeed is the singularity of the papal superstition (we must still use the special designation, in want of oni* more proper and comprehensive) that it niL CHl'KCH ASCIi.NDAN r. 2y.'» hils, ill every age, brought into close alliance the noblest and the most abuiniiiabli* natures'. In the present instance we have to think of it such us it has proceeded from the former, and intend to view it ill that light in which it lias fascinated their regards. I. The sublimity that attaches to the liighest truths surrounds the fundamental principle «ir this iniglity .system. Christianity has thrown open to man the portalfe of eternity: whatever heretofovi had been thought great, and noble, nr moraenlous, now s'hrinki? and disappears, 'fhe relation of the Inniiiin spirit to the rnlinite Sjiirit, and its future allernative of unbounded good or ill, involve what is too v.i<!t i\) be placed for a moment, in coimVrpoisc with even the wtightiest earthly interests, 'riies. fibjects, if once they command the soul, and are inwardly revolved, and heeoine combined with the moral senti- ments, eariy all ordinary motives in their train: nothing, witli reason, can eome in to relax their energy. It watf on the strength of these very motives that the lirst (’liristians “ took joyfully ‘he spoiling of their goods,’’ and that tluw una^'.ed the world by their readiness to meet tuiiuj;es and fiery deaths. On the strength of t'los.’ samei motives the (’hristian, individually, and ni every age, if he be such in truth, “ rounts all things as loss,” and refuses to think the siifllrings of the jircscnt season, cvt'ii at the worst, worthy to be set off against the future 2f)(> Sl’IliJ'IUlI, DKbfOIISU. glory. So far ail js well, and especially while, in each practical application of this high and juftt principle, a careful regard is had to the explicit demands of present duty. The ^lscet;c, though he rightly esteems the world as lighter than a bubble, if weighed iigainst heaven, for- gets that, although nothing (dse is substantial in the prpsent life, its duties are. We have only now to ascend a few steps higher, so as to reach a'i)(Jsition whence the eye may command the spiritual welliire of mankind at large, or that of great communities. Our individual interests and relationship to (iod and eternity being dismissed, or being duly secured, and done with, we go on to apjily to fjthers the rule W(’ have applvd to ourselves. And this we may do, whether or not those for whom we undertake to care are conscious of their personal w^elfare in this behalf: nay, the less they are ihemsehcs alive to what so much import* them, the i/.ore urgent is the call of charity to ear*' for ’hem. Jbd this sovereign regard to the < lenial wt'll-heing of our fellows, involves many m direct as well as di''cct, raC' tliods t)i' jirocedure. Those around us, far and near, whom we reckon t<> be in .danger of per- dition, are not to he reclaimed merely by per- sonal entreatj' and instruction ; but by the working of a certain instituted machinery of moral and ‘■})irituai means. Our philanthropy must lak'* the comse marked out for it, and no THK C Hl’RCII ASCKNUANT. 297 other. To depart from that course, would be at once to spend our efforts in vain, /ind to provoke the displeasure of Him who alone can }’(Mider them efficacious. We reach then, and in a form adapted to [iractical application, the prime principle of the system before us. — A scheme of moral and spi- ritual means for the benefit of mankind, haviuf? been permanently established by the Author of Christianity, all the ffidividual labours, and desires, rnul projects, in behalf of their fellow- men, of those who profess fcalty to Christ, must flow in this one channel : or to change the figure?, must be made to converge upoji this one centre, aiiid fi'om that c(»ntro must again emanate,. In ether ivor<l.'>, the well-being of mankind can mean nothnig else but the well- being, the honour, the powei’, the efficacy, and the enlargement of the Chukcii. How cir- cuitous soever may be the track our benevolence pursiu's, it must (unless it be worse than useless) <‘onie lound to* this home — the Church : not so brought home, it is idle, fniitless, presumj)- utous, impious. Religion is granted lo be of infinite moment, rbejnterests of the present life -its wealth, I'lOiiours, p^ins, jileasurcs, taken at the highest rate, are only of finite value ; and therefore, according to the soundest rule of comparison, the smallest religious interest immensely out- weighs the hugest earthly interest ; or indeed. 298 bPlliirCAL PESPOTISAt. all eartlily interests in mass. Sum up the weal and woe of the entire human family, on this mortal stage, and it is as nothing — lighter than vanity, when weighed against any single advan- tage or detriment that affects eternity. Translate this sort of arithmetic into the somewhat less abstract and more technical symbols of the Church,, and then it means this — That the smallest advantage of the Church should be held of more importance — immensely so, than the highest secular good. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'in.ernet.dli.2015.94608_10', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7312', 'token_count': '11914', '__index_level_0__': '7673', 'original_id': 'f2b65c26f917c8850d50c23d65c576e5caa6711828159c4f8ac81d682f36b2d0'} |
Thursday, March 14, 2013
Ukulele Dm7 chord - tips and alternatives
courtesy of
That pesky Dm7 chord shows up in a lot of ukulele tunes. It's especially prevalent in songs in the key of C. It can be hard to transition to this chord due to the crowded space.
From everything I've seen, the suggested fingering method for the Dm7 is to place your middle finger on the G string (2nd fret), your ring finger on the C string (2nd fret), your index finger on the E string (1st fret), and your pinky on the A string (3rd fret).
However, a lot of people (myself included) have learned to play this troublesome chord with that same structure, only with the placement of the middle and ring fingers reversed (so that the ring finger takes the lead on the G string 2nd fret). Really, it all comes down to how you've learned to finger the Dm chord, which is the same placement minus the pinky finger (the A string is open - 2210). Coming
from a guitar playing background, I always looked at the ukulele Dm as being very similar to an Am chord on the guitar, which is probably why I started to play it this way.
Another fretting option for the Dm7, which can really only be accomplished if you have bigger fingers, is to fret both the G and the C string (2nd fret) with the same finger (preference seems to be the middle finger). If you fall into this category, I envy you! But for the rest of us with small and/or slender fingers, what can we do? Here's some ideas to help you out....
Practice makes perfect!
Yep. The age old adage rings true here. Muscle memory is pretty amazing stuff. The more you practice fretting this chord (or any chord for that matter), the better you'll get at playing it. Whichever way you decide is best for you to play this chord, just keep on keepin' on.
Ok, I'm lazy....what about an alternative?
For those that don't have a well of patience (or time) to draw from, you can try your hand at playing a higher Dm7 chord on your ukulele. Just move up to the 5th fret and bar that fret with your index finger (5555). You can access a straight Dm chord from this position with ease by placing your ring finger on the G string at the 7th fret (7555). The F chord isn't too far away from this position either (5558). The Fmaj7 chord is right there too (5557), as is the F7 (5556). You get the idea.
Eh, I don't like playing it higher. I'll keep practicing. Any other ideas?
Ok, a little theory for ya. The notes you are playing on a Dm7 are A, D, F, C. The D is the root, the minor 3rd is the F (the third of D would be an essentially you are flatting the third), A is the fifth of the chord, and C is the seventh. Why does this matter? Well, depending on what you're playing, you might be able to get away with leaving one of those notes out of the chord. Read on.....
Sometimes you can get away with not adding that 7th to the chord and just playing a Dm (2210). By doing this, you are dropping that seventh (in this case, C) down to an A.
If that doesn't sound right and you really REALLY need that C (seventh) in the chord, you can try playing an F chord with that high C added (2013). With this, you have taken away the "D" (C string 2nd fret) and dropped it a full step to a C.
One last idea for you - using one of the two "variations" listed above, you can utilize a hammer on technique commonly referred to in the guitar world as "pedaling". Here's what I mean....
Let's say you are transitioning from a C chord (0003) to a Dm7 chord (2213). When going to the Dm7, you would form a Dm (2210) with your initial strum and then hammer on the 3rd fret (which would complete your Dm7 chord). Then you'd just continue to strum that Dm7 until the next chord change. This same thing can be done with the F chord with the high would hammer on the 2nd fret.
This technique allows you to still practice forming the chord and can give a really cool effect.
I sure hope that all this is making sense and that you continue on your quest to conquer that Dm7. If you have questions, comments, or other ideas, just leave them in the comments below. Happy Uke'n!
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Tag Archives: Amnesty International
Lawyer gets threats for defending gays
Yaounde – Cameroon lawyer Alice Nkom, who is known for defending gays and lesbians in a country where homosexuality is outlawed, said on Tuesday that she has been receiving death threats from anonymous callers over her stance.
“Since October 18, I have become the victim of anonymous death threats,” she said, adding that she has been warned to stop defending homosexuals.
“In the beginning, there were calls at 04:00 in the morning. Now they are sending SMSes,” she said, adding that she received the latest text message at 03:00 on Tuesday.
She said one such SMS read: “Lesbian whore, it’s your turn to suffer. Watch your back well as your security is very weak. We will give you a demonstration when the moment comes. No respite for gays in our country.”
Nkom said that the threats also targeted her children, but she vowed that they “cannot discourage me from my fight”.
“Not guilty”, said Esther, 29, and Martine, 26, whose full names are being withheld to protect them in a country where homosexuality is illegal.
The two are charged with “having intercourse with a person of the same sex”.
“Since this case began, we have been the laughing stock of our town. We are being treated as witches,” Esther told AFP on leaving the courtroom, which was packed with curious onlookers and supporters
“I do not see what they did wrong to deserve this,” onlooker Fabrice Ngningha told AFP.
But another passerby, who refused to give her name, said: “It is not normal that two women sleep together. They must be condemned, as an example to their children.”
Martine has two children and Esther one.
Liberia’s senate to consider anti-gay bill
2012-02-24 07:50
Monrovia – Liberia’s senate will consider a bill to strengthen the nation’s existing anti-gay laws, a senator said, as another West African nation, Cameroon, announced the arrest of 10 women suspected of being lesbians.
Cameroon Radio Television reported on Thursday that the 10 women are being detained in Ambam, about 300km south of the capital of Yaounde, until they go to trial.
Consensual same-gender sex is considered criminal in Cameroon and punishable by a jail sentence from six months to five years and a fine. Gay rights defender and founder of the Association for the Defence of Homosexuals, Alice Nkom, says detainees in Cameroon are frequently tortured in police stations to force them confess.
“We are only strengthening the existing law,” she said. “Some media are reporting that I said anyone found guilty of involvement in same sex should face the death penalty, I did not say so, I am calling for a law that will make it a first degree felony,” she told the Associated Press.
The current law considers gay relationships a first-degree misdemeanour, which carries a punishment of up to a year in prison.
We are looking at it critically” and will put it before the entire Senate “during our next sitting on Thursday”, Senator Joseph Nagbe, chairperson of the Judicial Committee, told The Associated Press.
Wave of intense homophobia
If passed by the Senate, the strengthened bill would then go the House and then the president.
Liberia’s President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a recent Nobel Peace Prize winner, has said she will not sign any such bill into law.
“Liberia is a member of the global community and therefore cannot kick against the rights of others to do what they choose to do,” said Archie Ponpon, chairperson of the newly-formed gay rights advocacy group the Movement for the Defence of Gays and Lesbians in Liberia.
Ponpon and his family have already faced hostility because of his fight for gay rights in Liberia. Weeks ago, his mother’s house was set on fire and he and another advocate, Abraham Kamara, were mobbed by angry students while campaigning at the University of Liberia.
“We will not relent,” he said. “People will come to the realisation that in this day and age, individuals should be free to practice what they wish.”
A wave of intense homophobia has been washing across Africa in the past few years, where homosexuality is already illegal in many countries.
Death threats
International rights groups, including Amnesty International, have frequently lambasted Cameroon’s homosexuality law, demanding its abolition.
But the authorities have turned a deaf ear to such requests. Last year, the government demanded and successfully obtained the withdrawal of grants allocated the Association for the Defence of Homosexuals by the European Union.
Nkom said she has received numerous death threats from fellow lawyers and Cameroonians, as well as a threat from the Ministry of Justice to dismiss her from the country’s roster of legal practitioners.
Contempt for homosexuals has led to anti-gay legal measures elsewhere in Africa. Last year, Nigeria’s Senate voted in favor of a bill that would criminalize gay marriage, gay advocacy groups and same-sex public displays of affection. Two years ago, Ugandan legislators introduced a bill that would impose the death penalty for some gays and lesbians, though it has yet to become law.
In January, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said African nations should stop treating gays as “second-class citizens, or even criminals”. Ban told African leaders that discrimination based on sexual orientation “had been ignored or even sanctioned by many states for far too long”.
Uganda raids gay rights workshop
2012-02-15 07:53
Gambia president will cut off gay’s head
2012-02-14 22:34
“We know what human rights are. Human beings of the same sex cannot marry or date,” Jammeh said while swearing in 15 ministers of his new government.
Executions,Organ Harvesting And The Death Penalty In China( advisory: harsh details)
Executions are carried out by hanging, shooting in the back of the head or lethal injection. In many years there are several times more reported executions in China than the rest of the world combined. Even then according to Amnesty International: “Only a fraction of death sentences and executions carried out in China are publicly reported.” The annual toll is not released and is treated as a state secret.
These days many executions are carried out with a lethal injection as opposed to gunshots. Executions generally take place in specialized chambers or vans, away from public view. In 2009, the city of Beijing began using lethal injections in the execution of condemned prisoners instead of shooting them. In January 2008, the Chinese government announced it would expand the use of lethal execution and phase out executions by gunshot.
Severe punishments have traditionally been regarded as a warning, summed by the old Chinese saying “killing a chicken to scare the monkeys.” During the Cultural Revolution executions were often performed in public, and Chinese citizens were often forced to watch as “a form of solidarity with the people against the people’s enemies.”
On August 30, 1983, 30 convicted criminals were executed in a sports stadium before a cheering crowd of 60,000 people. In the 1970s some executions were broadcast on prime time television. Even today there are mass sentencing rallies and public executions.
There have been cases of innocent people being executed. Defendants who face the death penalty are often denied their rights. In one case involved a migrant worker who killed four people the ruling on his appeal was done by the same judge who made the initial ruling.
A suspended death sentence is usually commuted to life imprisonment after two years if the person shows good behavior. This can later be reduced to 20 years or less with good behavior. In 2007 prisoners that received these “death penalties with reprieves” outnumbered prisoners that were executed.
Studies seem to indicate that the threat of capital punishment does little to deter crime. The official position in China is that someday China will abolish the death penalty but that “conditions aren’t right” to do so now.
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980
Websites and Resources
Good Websites and Sources: Wikipedia article on the Death Penalty in China Wikipedia ; Execution Buses news.sky.com/skynews ; Execution Day in Zhengzhou http://www.connexions.org ; Wikipedia articles on Prisons in China Wikipedia ; 2009 Article in Asia Times atimes.com ; Site on Chinese Prisons laogai.org
Justice System: China Law Blog chinalawblog ; Internet Chinese Legal Research Center ls.wustl.edu ; Asian Law Center Links on China law.unimelb.edu ; Basic Info on China’s Legal System asnic.utexas.edu ; China.org, official Chinese government source on Constitution and Legal System china.org.cn ; China.org, on People’s Courts china.org.cn ; China’s Criminal Justice System lectlaw.com ; China’s Legal System lawinfochina.com ; faculty.cua.edu ; Book: Bird in a Cage, Legal Reform in Chinese and Mao by Stanley B. Lubman (Stanford, 2001)
Links in this Website: CRIME IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; TRIADS AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; POLICE IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; EXECUTIONS AND PRISONS IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; DISSIDENTS, POLITICAL ACTIVISTS AND POLITICAL PRISONERS IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; TERRORISM AND BOMBINGS IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; GOVERNMENT IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; POLITICS IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; COMMUNIST PARTY IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; RIOTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; CORRUPTION IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China ; FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN CHINA Factsanddetails.com/China
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980
Execution Numbers in China
China executes more people than the rest of the world combined. According to Amnesty International of the 2,400 execution performed in 2008, 1,700 were in China. Hong-Kong-based activist group Dui Hua estimates that 5,000 executions were carried in China in 2009, down from 7,000 in 2007 and 10,000 a year in the 1990s. As many as 6,000 people put to death in 2010. By comparison, according to Amnesty, the country with the next-highest recorded rate of executions in 2010 was Iran, with 252, followed by North Korea with 60, Yemen with 53 and the United States with 46.
Death penalty numbers are derived from press reports. Many human rights believe the real number of executions is much higher. Information on executions is a carefully guarded state secret. Dui Hua’s Joshua Rosenzweig told AFP, “There are a number of problems and uncertainties in the way the death penalty process is carried out. One of the major problems is that it is a very untransparent system.” In March 2010, Amnesty International slammed the Chinese government for not revealing the true number of people executed each year.
John Kamm, founder of the Dui Hua Foundation wrote Washington Post: “Ten years ago, China was executing more than 10,000 prisoners a year. The human rights group I direct estimates the annual rate to be less than 5,000 now, a reduction due in part to President Hu Jintao’s effort to develop a “harmonious society” When Hu took office as Communist Party chairman in 2002, the country was executing as many as 12,000 convicted criminals a year. The annual number of executions could be down to roughly 2,000 by the time Hu leaves office at the end of 2012. Opponents of the death penalty will argue, passionately and correctly, that that number is still a human rights violation of the most serious kind. But the sharp drop in executions is a positive step toward the government’s goal of ensuring that only “the most vile and serious crimes” are punishable by death — and its stated goal of eventually abolishing the death penalty in China. [Source: John Kamm, Washington Post, August 16, 2010]
According to Amnesty International there were 470 executions in China in 2007, the most of any country in the world but way down from previous years. Many see the drop as temporary and a result of new rules on judicial reviews and teh fact that China wants to look good with the Olympics coming up. China has cut back on executions and execution are no longer carried out as swiftly as they were before since China’s highest court was given authority to review death penalty cases in early 2007. According to one human rights group the number of executions in China has dropped 40 percent since Beijing was awarded the Olympics in 2001.
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980 Amnesty International estimated there were at least 1,770 executions in 2005, 80 percent of the world’s total that year. Many believe the true figure is much higher, perhaps around 8,000 or even 10,000. The Chinese don’t release any statistics on executions. Amnesty International comes up with its number from publicized cases. An internal document quoted in a book about the Chinese leadership reported about 15,000 executions a year between 1998 and 2001.
In 2003, according to Amnesty International, at least 5,000 people were executed, or 90 percent of all the world’s executions that year. In 2002, there were 1,060 documented executions in China. In 2001, a total of 2,468 of the 3,048 documented executions worldwide were in China, 139 were in Iran, 79 were in Saudi Arabia and 66 were in the United States. These four countries accounted for 90 percent of all executions, with China accounting for 80 percent.
During one three-month period in 2001, in the midst of an aggressive “Strike Hard” anti-crime campaign, 1,781 people were executed. Amnesty International described the campaign as “nothing short of an execution frenzy” and said, “More people were executed in China in three months than in the rest of the world for the last three years.”
In 1996, a year in another “Strike Hard” ant-crime campaign was aggressively carried out, there were 4,367 (a dozen a day) confirmed executions. More than 1,000 people were executed in the first two months alone and 222 people were executed in a massive one-day crackdown on drug trafficking. On World Anti-Drugs Day on June 26, 769 of the 1,725 people sentenced on drugs charges were given the death penalty.
In 1997, 2,700 people executed; 2,050 were executed in 1994, 1,411 were executed in 1993 and 1,079 were executed in 1992. Between 1983 and 1986, the early years of the Deng reforms, some 10,000 people were executed. In 1995, according to Amnesty International the were 2,190 executions in China, compared to 192 in Saudi Arabia, 95 in Nigeria, 56 in the United States, 50 in Singapore, 47 in Iran, 41 in Yemen, 28 in Russia, 19 in South Korea, 16 in Taiwan and 12 in Jordan.
The majority of executions are for murder, robbery, intentional injury and drug trafficking.
China to Reduce Executions
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980 In August 2009, China’s Supreme Court said the death penalty needed to be used more sparingly and should be reserved for only the most serious cases. In February 2010, China’s top court issued instructions to lower courts to limit the use of the death penalty to a small number of “extremely serious” cases.
In July 2009 Zhang Jun, vice-president of the supreme people’s court, said it would tighten restrictions on the use of capital punishment. But he stressed that the country would not abandon the death penalty, saying it was ‘impossible’ to do so under current conditions. [Source: Tania Branigan, The Guardian, July 29, 2009]
Zhang said the death penalty should be applied to ‘an extremely small number’ of serious offenders. He said the highest court was extremely cautious in imposing the sentence on those who killed relatives or neighbors in disputes. People who pleaded guilty, compensated their victims’ relatives, or were pardoned by the latter also tended to receive more lenient punishments. “Judicial departments should use the least number of death sentences possible, and death penalties should not be given to those having a reason for not being executed,” Zhang said. [Ibid]
In 2008, China’s most senior judge said only ‘extremely vile criminals’ were executed in 2007 as a result of ‘kill fewer, kill carefully’ reforms that gave the supreme court the right to overturn capital sentences handed down by lower courts. The China Daily said the supreme people’s court overturned 15 percent of death sentences handed down in 2007 and 10 percent in 2008. Independent analysts suggested the policy had caused a drop in executions of as much as 30 percent year-on-year. [Ibid]
In September 2007. China’s top court order judges to use the death penalty more sparingly and show more mercy to criminals that cooperate with authorities. A law that went into effect on January 1, 2007 gave China’ highest court—the Supreme People’ Court—the authority to review the death penalty. Before then the final say was in the hands of provincial courts. The law was enacted in part because of complaints about arbitrary decisions and miscarriages of justice involving capital punishment on the local level.
In the early 2000s, high courts were ordered to review all death-penalty cases before the executions were carried out. Before only a small number of cases were reviewed by the high courts. Most were only reviewed by local courts. Some cases have been overturned, including that of a farmer in Anhui who was sentenced to death for the murder of another farmer based on confessions the farmer said was acquired through torture.
In 2004, there was a discussion of reforming the justice system to reduce the number of death sentences given out. The reforms were supported by many in the central government and justice system but opposed by many local officials and police. The issue was addressed partly as a result of growing discontent with the judicial system and law enforcement, which had increasingly been viewed as corrupt, unfair and overly harsh. The reforms were seen by some as a way for the central government to address concerns by ordinary Chinese without relinquishing their control of the courts.
Crimes Punishable by Death in China
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980 According to Amnesty International there are 68 crimes punishable by death in China, or about a forth of all criminal offenses in China, are punishable by death, up from 32 in 1980. Among those that face the death penalty are pimps, embezzlers, livestock rustlers, tax receipts forgers, drunk drivers, credit card thieves, bicycle thieves, bribe takers, arsonists, drug dealers, spies, thieves, prostitutes, cultural relic traders, dike saboteurs and organizers of secret religious groups. In recent years, the group, says people in China has been put to death for tax fraud, stealing VAT receipts, damaging electric power facilities, selling counterfeit medicine, embezzlement, accepting bribes and drug offenses.
Of the 68 crimes, 44 do not involve violence. People have been executed for tax fraud, embezzling money and even petty theft. In December 2004, two Hong Kong men were sentenced to death for smuggling digital player components into southern China. In April 2006, death sentences were given to cooking oil smugglers that bribed customs officials and evaded $300 million in tariffs.
In 1992 a merchant was executed for trademark for infringement because he labeled ordinary moonshine as Maotai, a powerful and popular Chinese liquor. In 1996, a peasant was executed for selling the head for a Buddha statue he found on the ground for $36. In 1997, two peasants in Yunnan were executed for stealing runway lights from the airport in Kunming. In 2001, a 19-year-old was executed for stealing the 60 yuan ($7) and another man was executed for stealing ball point pens and badminton rackets.
Death sentences are arbitrarily meted out with the rules often varying from place to place. Sometimes people are executed for things like prostitution and smuggling, which are largely tolerated in most places in China.
Death Penalty for Corruption, See Corruption
Reducing the Number of Crimes Punishable by Death
In July 2010, the National People’s Congress began considering amending the criminal code. Reforms were said to include reducing from 68 the number of crimes punishable by death, as well as the age at which convicted criminals can be executed. If such reforms are enacted, nonviolent crimes in China will, for the most part, be exempted from the death penalty. The proposals are part of a movement aimed at reining in the indiscriminate use of the death penalty.
In the mid 2000s, the Chinese government was considering scraping the death penalty for some non-violent crimes so that corrupt officials that had fled abroad could be more easily extradited. As its stands now many foreign governments refuse to extradite suspects to China out of concerns their human rights will be denied and they will be executed.
In August 2010, the Chinese government said it was considering dropping the death penalty for 13 “economic-related, nonviolent offenses” from the list of 68 crimes punishable by execution. Among the offenses that were considered were are carrying out fraudulent activities with financial bills and letters of credit, forging and selling invoices to avoid paying taxes, and smuggling cultural relics and precious metals out of the country. There has also been discussion of ending the death penalty for elderly convicts 70 or over. [Source: AP]
In 2007, 15 percent of death sentences handed out by lower courts were overturned by higher courts, citing poor evidence and procedural errors. In late July 2010 the Chinese Supreme Court tightened rules on introducing evidence obtained by torture, particularly in death penalty cases. A number of death the sentences handed down in corruption trials are often said to be politically motivated
New Death Penalty Rules in China
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980 Keith B. Richburg wrote in the Washington Post, “Legal changes that went into effect in May 2011 reduced the number of crimes punishable by death from 68 to 55. The crimes removed were mostly economic-related and nonviolent, such as smuggling cultural relics and robbing graves.” [Source: Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, June 25 2011]
Most significantly, the new rules give provincial courts the option of suspending an execution for two years. If the condemned prisoner behaves well during those two years, his or her sentence can then be commuted to life, which in China usually means 25 years. The Supreme People’s Court said in its 2010 report, released in May, that says lower-level courts should “ensure the death penalty only applies to a very small number of criminals who have committed extremely serious crimes.” It adds that the lower courts “should try their best not to sentence the death penalty with immediate execution.”
The legal experts said the government’s changing attitude toward capital punishment may reflect sensitivity to international criticism — and in this case, unlike criticism of its politics or economic policies, in an area that does not touch on the core ideology of the ruling Communist Party.
The first to benefit under the suspension rule was Hou Qinzhi, a fruit vendor in Nanjing who had his scale seized in August by a city government inspector. The vendor wrestled with the inspector and ended up stabbing him with his fruit knife. He was sentenced to death, but last month the execution was suspended for two years.
But in another high-profile case, public opinion has taken the opposite view. Xia Junfeng was a laid-off worker who sold kebabs from a cart in Shenyang, in China’s northeast. He was convicted of killing two city security guards in 2009 when they confronted him over his unlicensed cart; Xia asserts he acted in self-defense, when the city officials began to beat him. Xia has attracted enormous sympathy around the country as a poor man set upon by local officials. He was sentenced to death, but his lawyers are asking the Supreme Court to spare his life, and the final decision is pending.
Public Executions in China
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980 Often the biggest event during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and 70s was when a criminal was executed. Often the whole town would become as lively as festival time. The writer Yu Hua told the New York Times he remembers the executions as the most thrilling scenes of his childhood, seeing the criminal kneeling on the ground, a soldier aiming a rifle at the back of his head and firing. [Source: Pankaj Mishra, New York Times, January 23, 2009]
Public executions still occur. The Washington Post reported that after the attacks before th Olympics in 2008 the local government inYengishahar county in Xinjiang bused several thousand students and office workers into a public square and lined them up in front of a vocational school to watch the execution of three prisoners, who been convicted on terrorist charges in connections with a plot by the East Turkestan Islamic Movement to disrupt the Olympics.
In August 1983 as part of a “Strike Hard” campaign against crime the authority to execute people was transferred from the Supreme Court in Beijing to provincial officials. Thousands were executed by the next spring festival, six months on. Such spectacles remained commonplace, however, especially in the countryside, prompting Beijing to issue regulations against public executions in 1986. Rumors of executions in sports stadiums plagued China’s bid for the 2000 Olympics, and when bidding for the 2008 Games, Beijing made clear that public executions were not permitted.[Source: John Kamm, Washington Post, August 16, 2010]
Recalling what he witnessed while traveling through the countryside outside Guangzhou in the summer of 1983, John Kamm wrote Washington Post: “As I passed through a small town, a man and his two sons, each tilting forward from the weight of the large white boards strapped to their backs, were driven past, en route to an execution ground. The boards proclaimed their death sentences; the men’s arms were tied behind them. I remember the elder screaming his innocence as a throng of feral youth rushed ahead to get in position to witness the shootings. Farther up the road I encountered another execution scene, this time in a sports stadium with a throng of enthusiastic onlookers.
Wang Shouxin Execution Photos
In the late 2000s there was an Internet fascination with a series of photos from 1980 chronicling the execution of Wang Shouxin, a corrupt female government official from Heilongjiang province and the subject of Liu Binyan’s reportage “People or Monsters.” According to Xinhua she and others were arrested in April 1979 for the crimes of sharing illegal profits and then hiding and covering up the loot. She was sentenced to death on February 28, 1980, paraded in a public meeting and taken in a truck to a field and shot as a crowd looked on.
Wang reportedly embezzled several hundred thousand RMB. According to the People’s Daily: “You can call her a ‘corrupt official’ but she is a merely a manager of a combustible fuel company. Nobody knows what the rank might be in the hierarchy of officialdom but it is probably the lowest possible.” In the late 2000s, the process of her execution was published by the photographer at the scene and then broadly circulated on the Internet. Within a few days after being posted on Sohu.com. they had been seen by 1.132 million persons. Another series of photos entitled Mao Zedong Personally Signed the Approval to Execute Seven Criminals has also been popular on the Internet recently.
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980
Execution Trials in China
Death penalty justice can be very quick. In November 2004, a 21-year-old man was caught after he broke into a high school dormitory and stabbed nine Chinese boys to death in the city of Fuzhou in the central province of Henan. Within two months he was tried, sentenced to death and executed. By contrast prisoners on death row in the United States wait for years before they are executed. In Japan the wait can be more than ten years.
Some courts sentence people to death within only a few days after they are arrested. Amnesty International reported one case that began with three men allegedly stealing a car filled with banknotes on May 21. On May 24, they were arrested; on May 27 they were sentenced to death; On May 28 their appeal was rejected; on May 31 they were executed. In another case a man was executed for murder six days after he committed the crime.
Verdicts are usually foreordained. Victims are sometimes sentenced in public rallies or paraded through the streets on the back of flatbed trucks after sentence. Sometimes tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands, of people gather in town squares and stadiums and cheer the verdicts at “mass sentencing rallies,” which are also commonly shown on the television news. The executions themselves are not usually viewed by the public. Prisoners are often lead away to vacant fields and executed in neat rows when the rally is over.
Photographs of prisoners who have received the death penalty are posted at railroad stations and post offices. After they have been executed a red mark is placed next to the prisoner’s name.
Executions often take place immediately after the final appeal. If a suspect receives a death sentence and then is given a two year reprieve that usually means their sentence will commuted to life in prison.
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980
Typical Execution in China
Prisoners scheduled to be executed are photographed on the night before their execution and the keys to their handcuffs and leg shackles are tested to make sure they can be easily removed after death. On the morning of the execution, prisoners sometimes eat a meal of steamed cornbread and hard boiled eggs with their executioners, who sometimes, before the execution, place a cord around the prisoners’ neck to keep them from shouting anti-government slogans. “They’re trussed up just like pigs before slaughter,” one witness told the Washington Post. [Source: Lena H. Sun, the Washington Post]
The prisoners are rarely blindfolded but sometimes they are granted a final request, such as washing or praying. A 19-year-old soldier executed in 1985 was allowed to eat a large bowl of dumplings. At the execution site the prisoners are forced to their knees, their heads are forced down, and often their pant legs are tied together in case they shit in their pants. [Source: Lena H. Sun, the Washington Post]
When a whistle is blown a soldier fires a bullet from a carbine rifle—selected for its large bullets—into the back of the skull where spinal cord joins the brain. Even though the soldiers fire from point blank range, they sometimes miss. If this occurs another bullet is fired. Both women and men are executed in this fashion.
Many executions are performed at the Beijing Supreme People’s Court 86, located on an arid hill overlooking the capital. “Under an open sky,” Lena H. Sun wrote in the Washington Post, “the prisoners, arms tied behind their backs, their legs in shackles, kneel on the black earth. At the signal, a paramilitary soldier fires a single rifle shot. It is usually to the back of the head”.
“The prisoner topples into the dirt. Death is almost always immediate. Sometimes the corpses are immediately put into a waiting ambulance to be whisked to the hospital ..In some cases, the prisoners family is even billed for the bullet—the equivalent of about 6 cents.” Another frequently-used execution site is near Route 302 in Jiangxi Province, The bodies are often dumped by the side of the road. [Source: Lena H. Sun, the Washington Post]
Wang Shouxin Execution in 1980
Online Mob Demands Death Penalty
Keith B. Richburg wrote in the Washington Post, A 21-year-old music student named Yao Jiaxin was executed this month for a particularly grievous crime: After accidentally hitting a female bicyclist with his car, Yao saw she was still alive, so he stopped, got out and stabbed her eight times to make sure she was dead and could not identify him…The fact that Yao was sentenced to death was not uncommon. At least on the Internet, his crime was widely denounced, with citizens demanding Yao’s death. [Source: Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, June 25 2011]
What was unusual was the intense public soul-searching the case also unleashed. Many legal professionals and others openly questioned whether justice was served by executing a young man who voluntarily turned himself in and confessed, and whose family offered to pay compensation. His crime touched a nerve here — a young man of privilege who killed a poor woman on a bicycle — but many blamed an online mob mentality for forcing a supposedly dispassionate court into imposing a death sentence.
When Yao was on trial, several lawyers declared publicly that he should be spared the death penalty. Li Fenfei, a law professor at Remnin University, wrote a blog post arguing that Yao had turned himself in, that he had acted in the heat of the moment and had not planned to kill the bicyclist. Also, Li said, “he’s quite young, in his 20s. In China, we believe young people can make a mistake.” But after his blog post appeared, Li was bombarded with rude and threatening comments. “You mean that if you have money you have the right to kill? So where do you live?” one anonymous commenter wrote.
“Yao’s case had a big influence on society,” said Xu Zhiyong, a legal scholar and member of a small group called China Against the Death Penalty. “A lot of people felt shocked. They felt shocked by the process. Some people thought the netizens pushed the court into giving Yao the death penalty.”
Opposition to the Death Penalty in China
Keith B. Richburg wrote in the Washington Post, “The voices arguing for fewer executions seem to be limited to legal scholars, the urban elite and some newspaper and online commentaries. A majority appears to back executions, particularly in cases involving corrupt officials or those perceived to be members of the elite. [Source: Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, June 25 2011] Abolitionists acknowledge that the majority of Chinese still back capital punishment. “I feel the number of people against the death penalty has grown very dramatically” in just the past year, said He Weifang, a law professor at Beijing University who has always opposed capital punishment. “In the last 15 years, only two or three people in this country were trying to abolish the death penalty.” Now, he said, the abolitionists are gathering strength so fast that “you can call it a movement.”
Drug Executions in China
execution People found guilty of trafficking amphetamines or caught smuggling more than 50 grams of heroin and/or 1,000 grams of opium face the death penalty. Some of those are spared the death penalty are sent to re-education camps or given long prison sentences.
Drug traffickers are routinely executed. International Anti-Drugs Day on June 26 is popular time to execute people for drug-related crimes. In 2001 and 2002, 43 and 64 people respectively were executed in anti-drug day rallies on that day. IIn 1995, 22 drug traffickers were shot to death in a single public execution in Mangshi, near the Myanmar border.
In 1994, courts ordered 466 executions for 6,000 drug-related arrests. On International Anti-Drugs Day in 1996 1,725 people were convicted on drugs charges. Of these 769 were sentenced to death. In the first six months of 2001, 1,457 people were executed on drug charges.
Global anti-drug day in June 2009 was marked with the execution of at least 20 people, the condemnation of around the same number and putting hundreds on trial. Among those executed was a Nigerian man caught with six kilograms of heroin and a Chinese man caught smuggling 197 grams of methamphetamines from North Korea. In Xinjiang authorities destroyed six tons if heroin, opium and cannabis smuggled in from Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Foreign nationals caught with drugs in China are not spared. In 2004, a Japanese man in his 60s was caught trying to smuggle 1.25 kilograms of stimulant drugs out of China into Japan. He was caught at Shenyang’s airport as he prepared to board a plane to Osaka. He pleaded not guilty but was sentenced to death in 2006. Two other Japanese convicted drug smuggling have been given death sentences.
The widow of an executed man who occasionally smoked heroin in cigarettes and later was recruited to carry heroin told the New York Times, “Our family was always poor and a guy from the Fujian province said to my husband that he would give him a lot of money if he would transport drugs. Our daughter was very sick and we needed money badly.” His last words were “take care of our daughter and try to avoid heavy work in the fields.”
The executions haven’t been much of a deterrent. Many dealers can bribe their way out of trouble if they get caught or purchase protection from Communist Party officials, PLA soldiers or the police. The execution and crackdowns have also had little effect on the drug trade.
Foreigners Executed for Drugs in China
executed girls In December 2009, a British man, Akmal Shaikh, was executed on drugs charges. The first European citizen to be executed China in more than half a century, he was arrested in 2007 for carrying in suitcase with almost four kilograms of heroin on a flight from Tajikistan to China. He told police he did not know about the drugs and the suitcase was not his according to Reprieve, a London-based prisoner advocacy group.
Shaikh was a 53-year-old father of three. His family said he suffered from a bipolar disorder. The protested the execution, , saying Shaikh was mentally unstable and lured into the crime by men taking advantage of his dream to record a pop song about world peace. His trial lasted only half an hour. During his appeal the judges reportedly laughed at his rambling remarks. The incident strained relations between Britain and China. British Prime Minister Gordon voiced his outrage over the execution. [Source: AP]
In December 2009, four foreigners were arrested along with five Chinese in connection with the seizure of 144.5 kilograms of heroin found in 289 bags hidden in bales of cotton in Shenzhen. The drugs had come from Pakistan and were found with the help of a tip and tracker dogs. The four foreigners might face execution.
In April 2010, four Japanese men convicted of drug smuggling charges in China were executed. All four men were caught trying to smuggle or sell more than one kilogram of illegal drugs–in most cases, amphetamines. They included 65-year-old Mitsunobu Akano who was caught with 2.5 kilograms of methamphetamine as he tried to board a plane to Japan at China’s Dalian airport in September 2006. In China, people caught smuggling over one kilogram of drugs are often executed.
The executions marked the first time that Japanese nationals were executed in Japan since China and Japan normalized diplomatic relations in 1972. The Chinese government went somewhat out of its way to make sure the executions did not harm Japan – China relations. Akano was allowed to meet with his family before he was executed, which normally is not done. All the Japanese are believed to have been killed by lethal injection.
After the Execution and Organs in China
China executes British drug smuggler After the execution the body is photographed. If no organs are to be removed the body is taken away to a crematoria. The family of the prisoner is not allowed to see the corpse but they do have to pay the costs of cremation and transport to the crematoria. Recently execution sites have been moved to remote locations partly because too many prisoners were yelling anti-government slogans before they were killed. According to a 1986 regulation: “Execution grounds are not allowed to be set up near busy sections of town, near key roads or near tourist sites.”
Organs, corneas and skin used in transplant operations are often taken from executed prisoners. Sometimes the organs are removed in the ambulance two or three minutes after an execution take place. It is not uncommon for prisoners to receive and anti-coagulant hours before the execution to make organs transplants easier. Afterwards the body is taken to crematoria where skin and corneas are removed and the body is quickly cremated, which destroys any evidence that the organs had been removed.
According to some sources most organs used in transplant operations are harvested from prisoners sentenced to death. The use of bullet to the back of the head is ideal for transplants because the bullet does not contaminate the organs with poisonous chemicals as lethal chemicals do and does not directly affected the circulatory system as a bullet through the heart does. “If they want the [corneas] they shoot in the chest,” one official told Sun. “If they want the internal organs, they shoot in the head.” When lethal injection was introduced in the 1990s chemicals were chosen that were suitable to organ harvesting [Source: Lena H. Sun, the Washington Post]
The reliance on prisoners for organs is the result of a scarcity of donors partly resulting from the deep-seated cultural taboo against damaging the integrity of the body. Chinese rarely give doctors permission to take organs from deceased family members. Executed prisoners are treated with different standard. The organs are usually removed without the prior consent of the prisoners or their families. Permission from family members for organs taken from executed prisoners is rarely asked for or given.
Chinese Government, Prisoners, Organs and Transplants
organ harvesting Organ harvesting from executed prisoners has been going on for some time. In 1991, according to the People’s Daily, 2,900 kidneys from executed criminals were transplanted into patients. Hong Kong patients who need kidneys were referred to a medical center run by Guangzhou University if they had enough money. One physician there said he welcomed criminal activity and an increased number of execution to supply the transplant market.
An official report obtained by Human Rights WatchAsia read: “the use of the corpses or organs of executed criminals must be kept strictly secret. Attention must be paid to [avoiding negative] repercussions.” Other countries harvest organs from executed prisoners. Taiwan does but reportedly does so with the consent of the prisoners.
Beijing said on several occasions that allegations that organs were harvested from prisoners were “vicious slander” and “sensational lies.” Finally in 2005, the Chinese government fessed up and admitted for the first that organs were harvested from executed criminals and said it would regulate the trade. Before then the only laws on the books was a 1984 draft document that stipulated that operations for harvesting organs can only take place with the consent of the prisoner’s family or if the body has not been claimed.
The Chinese government insists that organ harvesting is done only with prior consent of the prisoners or their family. Huang Jiefu, the Vice Minster of Health said in November 2006, “Apart from a small portion of traffic victims, most of the organs from cadavers are from executed prisoners. The relevant authorities strongly require the informed consent from prisoners or their families for the donation of organs.” A spokesman of the Health Ministry admitted that poor government supervision has led to a number of “improper” organ transplants.”
In July 2006 a law went into affect that specifically bans the sale of human organs. The law requires that donors give written permission for their organs to be transplanted and restricts transplant surgery to top-ranked institutions that must verify that organs are from legal sources and that surgery is safe and justified.
An August 2009 Ministry of Health statement acknowledged that 65 percent of the 10,000 transplants in China involved organs from executed prisoners.
David Matas, an award-winning Canadian human rights lawyer, and David Kilgour, a former Canadian secretary of state (Asia/Pacific) and crown attorney, co-authored a report on organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China. The pair estimate that in the six-year period 2000—2005, 60,000 transplantation operations were done in China and Falun Gong practitioners were the likely source for the organs for 41,500 operations. CQ Global Researcher, a leading global affairs journal, quotes Kilgour and Matas and Gutmann as independently estimating over 62,000 practitioners have been killed for their organs in the period 2000—2008. [Source: Matthew Robertson, The Epoch Times, February 15, 2012]
Organ Harvesting Methods
Matthew Robertson wrote in The Epoch Times: Researchers investigating China’s organ transplantation practices were troubled by the remarks and what they implied. “The so called ‘research scene’ that Wang Lijun refers to is either an outright execution site with medical vans, or possibly a medical ward, where peoples’ organs are surgically removed,” said Ethan Gutmann, who has published extensively on organ harvesting from Chinese prisoners of conscience. He added that the injections that the award refers to are probably “anti-coagulants and experimental medications that lower the chance of immune-system rejection as the organ is passed between one living body—heart still beating, soon to expire from the trauma—to another.” Gutmann added that this is “normal medical practice” in China, where hospitals, military hospitals, and public security bureaus intersect.[Source: Matthew Robertson, The Epoch Times, February 15, 2012]
Wang’s conversations with the U.S. consular officials in Chengdu might shed light on such details as the function of the drugs he used in transplantation operations in Liaoning Province. In any case Wang’s visit to the consulate provides the best opportunity to date of confirmation from a Chinese official of the ongoing practice of forced organ harvesting in China. At a press conference on Monday in Washington, D.C., Falun Gong spokesperson Dr. Tsuwei Huang called on the U.S. government to release the contents of Wang Lijun’s conversations.
Description of Organ Harvesting in China
organ harvesting One medical official told The Times of London that hospitals contact local police and make requests for organs. Later, the police notify them if donors are available. Doctors then travel to execution grounds in specially equipped ambulances with a team of nurses to harvest the organs as quickly after death as possible.
An exiled Chinese doctor, Dr. Wang Guoqi, described the harvesting of organs from prisoners before a U.S. Congressional Committee. He said he participated in the removing of skin and corneas from 100 execution victims, including one who was still alive, at the Tianjin Paramilitary Police General Brigade Hospital.
Dr. Wang told the Washington Post, security officials are paid $37 a corpse to tip off the hospital that executions were imminent. Removing the skin, he said, took 20 minutes or less. “A circumferential cut was made around the wrist, the neck and the shoulder joint as deep as the subcutaneous fat layer or the layer above the muscles. A longitudinal cut was made on the inner side of the upper limb linking both circumferential cuts, either from top to bottom or in the opposite direction.”
“After all extractable tissues and organs were taken, what remained was an ugly heap of muscles, the blood vessels still bleeding, all viscera exposed.” The skin was processed and chilled for transplants recipients, mostly burn victims, who are charged about $12 for 10 square centimeters of skin.
Wang said he was told to work on a man who was not killed by the bullet to the head and was convulsing on the ground. Doctors were ordered to extract the organs and remove the skin and told the removal of the organs would kill him.
Transplant Operations with Organs from Prisoners in China
selling prisoner organs Wealthy Thais, Filipinos, Russians, Indians, Indonesians, Malaysians and Taiwanese with serious kidneys aliments sometimes travel to China to receive transplanted kidneys taken from executed prisoners. According to AFP the desperate patients pay up to $40,000 for operations performed by unscrupulous and in many cases unqualified doctors. Agents who arrange the operations make huge profits while the patents only have about a 40 percent chance of survival.
The prisoners are often killed in batched. In some cases patients are told in advance when batches of prisoners are going to be killed and waiting in hospitals in anticipation of organs being made available. Potential recipients are often told to be ready around the Chinese Lunar New Year because many executions tale place around that time.
On man from Taiwan told U.S. News and World Report, “We were lucky that there happened to be an execution of a convict…whose blood type marched my dad’s.” A satisfied Israeli customer told The Times of London, “If I had never had my kidney transplant in China. I would already be dead. A Chinese sentenced to death saved my life.”
A Malaysian man who underwent a kidney transplant in a hospital in Guangzhou told the International Herald Tribune:, “They just tell you it was a convict. They don’t tell you what he did.” But often they were “young men” who commit “serious,” “violent” crimes.
Image Sources: 1) Reuters; 2) Wang Shouxin Execution photos from Liu Binyan’s reportage “People or Monsters” ; YouTube
© 2008 Jeffrey Hays
Last updated April 2012
You Can't Prove A Man Innocent If You Have Killed Them Already
Countries whose laws do not provide for the death penalty for any crime
MACEDONIA (former Yugoslav Republic)
MICRONESIA (Federated States)
Countries whose laws provide for the death penalty only for exceptional crimes such as crimes under military law or crimes committed in exceptional circumstances
Countries which retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes such as murder but can be considered abolitionist in practice in that they have not executed anyone during the past 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions. The list also includes countries which have made an international commitment not to use the death penalty
CONGO (Republic)
Countries which retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes
CONGO (Democratic Republic)
KOREA (North)
1976 PORTUGAL abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1978 DENMARK abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1979 LUXEMBOURG, NICARAGUA and NORWAY abolished the death penalty for all crimes. BRAZIL, FIJI and PERU abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
1981 FRANCE and CAPE VERDE abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1982 The NETHERLANDS abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1983 CYPRUS and EL SALVADOR abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
1984 ARGENTINA abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
1985 AUSTRALIA abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1987 HAITI, LIECHTENSTEIN and the GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1989 CAMBODIA, NEW ZEALAND, ROMANIA and SLOVENIA2 abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1992 ANGOLA, PARAGUAY and SWITZERLAND abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1993 GUINEA-BISSAU, HONG KONG4 and SEYCHELLES abolished the death penalty for all crimes. GREECE abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
1994 ITALY abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1995 DJIBOUTI, MAURITIUS, MOLDOVA and SPAIN abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1996 BELGIUM abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1997 GEORGIA, NEPAL, POLAND and SOUTH AFRICA abolished the death penalty for all crimes. BOLIVIA and BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
1998 AZERBAIJAN, BULGARIA, CANADA, ESTONIA, LITHUANIA and the UNITED KINGDOM abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1999 EAST TIMOR, TURKMENISTAN and UKRAINE abolished the death penalty for all crimes. LATVIA5 abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
2000 COTE D’IVOIRE and MALTA abolished the death penalty for all crimes. ALBANIA6 abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
2001 BOSNIA-HEZEGOVINA 7 abolished the death penalty for all crimes. CHILE abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
2002 TURKEY abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes. The FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA (now two states SERBIA and MONTENEGRO 9 ) and CYPRUS abolished the death penalty for all crimes
ARMENIA abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes
BHUTAN, SAMOA, SENEGAL and TURKEY abolished the death penalty for all crimes
LIBERIA 8 and MEXICO abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
PHILIPPINES abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
ALBANIA6 abolished the death penalty for all crimes. and RWANDA abolished the death penalty for all crimes. KYRGYZSTAN abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.
UZBEKISTAN, CHILE and ARGENTINA abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
2009 BURUNDI and TOGO abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
2010 GABON removed the death penalty from its legislation.
2012 LATVIA abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
1. In 1990 the German Democratic Republic became unified with the Federal Republic of Germany, where the death penalty had been abolished in 1949.
2. Slovenia and Croatia abolished the death penalty while they were still republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The two republics became independent in 1991.
3. In 1993 the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic divided into two states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
4. In 1997 Hong Kong was returned to Chinese rule as a special administrative region of China. Amnesty International understands that Hong Kong will remain abolitionist.
5. In 1999 the Latvian parliament voted to ratify Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, abolishing the death penalty for peacetime offenses.
6. In 2007 Albania ratified Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights, abolishing the death penalty in all circumstances. In 2000 it had ratified Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, abolishing the death penalty for peacetime offences.
7. In 2001 Bosnia-Herzegovina ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, abolishing the death penalty for all crimes.
8. In 2005 Liberia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, abolishing the death penalty for all crimes.
9. Montenegro had already abolished the death penalty in 2002 when it was part of a state union with Serbia. It became an independent member state of the United Nations on 28 June 2006. Its ratification of Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights, abolishing the death penalty in all circumstances, came into effect on 6 June 2006.
Amnesty International Promotes Anti-Semitism Among Children
March 24, 2010 | From eurasiareview.com
Everything began when Israel’s embassy in Madrid, Spain started receiving letters written by 9-year old children and filled with anti-Semitic content. In their lines, the minors accused Israelis of military crimes and torture. The children’s letters included phrases such as “Jews kill for money,” “Leave the country to the Palestinians,” or “Go somewhere else where they accept you.” Israel presented a formal complaint to Spain’s ambassador in Tel Aviv since the letters had as senders different schools belonging to the Spanish public education network. Although the letters came from an array of schools throughout Spain, the ones written by elementary school children at El Castell School (in Almoines, Valencia) were the ones distilling a much deeper hatred for Israel. The school’s principal indicated that he knew nothing about this initiative.
Where did it all start? El Castell School belongs to the Amnesty International (AI) school network whose purpose – according to the organization’s webpage – is to carry out “some (or all!) mobilization proposals” organized by AI for its members. AI has created a network of indoctrination and political proselytism in schools and institutes throughout Spain, in which it organizes activities and distributes materials. To join the AI school network, it’s enough that one teacher of that school wants to join. AI offers the possibility of belonging to its network of political activism without regard for the opinions of parents and its adhesion forms don’t need to get the green light from the principal’s office for the children to be indoctrinated.
Through some teachers, Amnesty International organizes school visits and campaigns; its activists arrange lectures and distribute material among schoolchildren. One of their campaigns is to propose children to start a letter-writing campaign denouncing Israeli authorities.
This sort of campaign means to engage 10-year old minors in activism, following the mobilization scheme that Amnesty International uses with its associates. To this end, the organization drafted a two-part document with elementary school children in mind. In the first part, AI accuses Israelis of military crimes, of murdering innocent people, hindering the investigations, and manipulating the facts. In the second part, Amnesty International exhorts children to write a letter to the Israeli ambassador in Spain and even provides the children with the address (Velazquez St.) so that they can denounce Israel.
It all resulted in many letters sent to Israel’s embassy in Madrid conveying in every detail the ideas and arguments that AI expresses about Israelis. The letters include phrases such as: “Mr. Ambassador… You should think twice (or more) before killing women and children.” In some letters, Israel is accused of killing for money while in others children demand that the Jews leave their country behind. These letters are signed by 9-year olds.
This scandal involving Amnesty International has some aspects. The first one has to do with AI’s indoctrination campaign of Spanish children. The organization has created a network of teachers with access to children of all ages: from seniors in high school, to middle school, to even elementary school.
AI recreates the campaigns directed to its members and applies them to children in an exercise of child indoctrination. Besides, it performs this activity using the Spanish public school network, paid for with taxpayers’ money, to impart lessons and distribute printed works and audiovisual materials. This takes place during school hours without parental input or knowledge and oftentimes without the school principal’s knowledge. In the case of El Castell School, the principal declared that he found out about the scandal in the newspapers and that everything started with AI’s campaign in his school. .
The second aspect has to do with the specific case of this anti-Jewish campaign. Amnesty International indoctrinates children in hatred of Jews and Israelis, manipulating them ideologically and feeding 9-year olds with information they cannot discern. Firstly, AI’s campaign in the schools tells the children that Israel shoots against women and children, that it commits war crimes, that it tortures and murders its Palestinian victims. Secondly, the children draw the conclusion that Israelis are murderers without scruples, that they kill children, that they kill for money and that they don’t let the people in Gaza live in peace. In addition, Amnesty International goes a step further and urges schoolchildren to participate in campaigns against Israel by sending their letters to Israel’s embassy. AI manipulates children and turns them into anti-Israel political activists behind their parents’ backs.
Draft U.N. arms trade treaty full of holes, activists say
(Reuters) – The first draft of a U.N. treaty to regulate the $60 billion global arms trade was slammed on Tuesday by activists as having “more holes than a leaky bucket” as negotiators scramble to reach a consensus by Friday.
One person every minute dies from armed violence around the world, and arms control activists say a convention is needed to prevent illicitly traded guns from pouring into conflict zones and fuelling wars and atrocities. Conflicts in Syria and elsewhere show a treaty is necessary, they add.
“Our concern with this text is that at the moment it has more holes than a leaky bucket,” Anna Macdonald, head of arms control at Oxfam, told reporters. “And if these holes are not closed we won’t end up with a treaty that saves lives.”
After losing the first week of the month-long negotiations to procedural wrangling, delegations from around the world now only have three days left to work on the delayed draft text before a possible vote. The treaty must be approved unanimously, so any one country can effectively veto a deal.
But if a consensus cannot be reached, the treaty may not be doomed. Activists have said nations supporting a stronger pact could then bring a treaty to the 193-nation U.N. General Assembly and adopt it with a two-thirds majority vote.
“The text that leaves this conference must not be the text with these loopholes. It’s got to be a decent text even if it goes back to the General Assembly,” said Brian Wood, arms control and human rights manager at Amnesty International.
The draft treaty currently says that it would only come into effect after it has been ratified by 65 countries, which some activists say could take up to 10 years. Arms control campaigners say only 30 ratifications should be needed.
“Every major element … has major loopholes,” said Peter Herby, head of the International Committee for the Red Cross arms unit. “There is a very high risk this treaty will simply ratify the status quo, rather than changing the status quo.”
“Rather than producing the highest possible international standards for the transfer of all conventional weapons, it would allow many countries to simply continue doing what they’re doing,” Herby said.
While most U.N. member states favour a strong treaty, activists said they were at times being drowned out in negotiations by objections and disruptions from a minority of states including Syria, North Korea, Iran, Egypt and Algeria.
There are divisions on key issues, such as whether human rights should be a mandatory criterion for determining whether governments should permit weapons exports to specific countries.
Herby said the draft references to humanitarian law were “unlikely to make a great deal of difference in practice.”
Macdonald listed several criticisms. He said the range of weapons in the draft treaty needed to be expanded, particularly to include ammunition; the rules governing risk assessments that countries must do before authorizing an arms sale needed to be tightened; and the whole treaty needed to be broadened to cover the entire global arms trade and not just illicit transactions.
The Conflict Awareness Project said that when it came to regulating arms brokers the draft treaty was “so weak and watered down it will give comfort to illicit gun runners.”
“The feeble treaty language means business as usual for traffickers who are filling the arsenals of the world’s worst human rights abusers,” said Kathi Lynn Austin of the Conflict Awareness Project.
Such procedural bickering was typical of the arms trade talks, diplomats say, as countries that would prefer not to have a strong treaty tried to prevent the negotiations from moving forward. In February, preparatory talks on the rules nearly collapsed due to procedural wrangling and other disagreements.
One of the reasons this month’s negotiations are taking place is that the United States, the world’s biggest arms trader accounting for over 40 percent of global conventional arms transfers, reversed U.S. policy on the issue after Barack Obama became president and decided in 2009 to support a treaty.
“We have been making clear throughout our red lines (limits), including that we will not accept any treaty that infringes on Americans’ Second Amendment rights,” a U.S. official who did not want to be identified said on Tuesday, referring to U.S. domestic rights to bear arms — a sensitive issue in the United States.
Amnesty International's latest arms trade campaign is colonialism with a kindly face
This is a bit like asking Rose West to look after runaway girls and ensure they come to no harm. Why ask a nation that has committed numerous “atrocities” and “human rights violations” to authorise a treaty that will allegedly prevent those kind of things from happening elsewhere by taking guns out of the “wrong hands”? It is because, like its moral forebears in the colonial movements of the nineteenth century, Amnesty believes that the fundamentally decent West, whose wars are but an aberration of its normal character, has a moral responsibility to disarm and pacify and by extension to civilise the gun-toting hordes over there, whose wars are an expression of their innate warped character.
The demand for a treaty that would prevent Western countries from selling their guns to basket-case nations overseas sounds radical, a bit like Amnesty activists are sticking it to the arms industry and denting their profits a bit. But in truth, what Amnesty is calling for is the concentration of weaponry in the hands of powerful, allegedly trustworthy nations, and also for those nations to play the role of global governors of war and peace by granting the flow of weapons to some nations but not to others. There’s nothing remotely radical in begging Washington and its mates in the West to decide who may and may not fight wars.
Probably the most patronising thing about Amnesty’s campaign is its belief that simply by removing weapons from chaotic warzones around the world, we might stop war. Amnesty says the cause of global conflict today is the fact that we live in “a world awash in weapons and military hardware that are too easily obtained”. From this moralistic viewpoint, weapons themselves cause wars; guns are the actual drivers of conflict Over There; the “wrong” people see that these weapons are pretty easy to buy and so they buy them and kill people with them – for a thrill, presumably. In truth, the wars being fought in Africa and elsewhere are fundamentally political or territorial; they’re struggles for power or resources, just as Western governments’ wars are. War is the pursuit of politics by other means over there just as much as it is over here. By depicting these conflicts as a product of the arms trade itself, Amnesty further robs foreign peoples of their status as adult actors, as creatures of politics and power, and reduces them instead to overgrown kids playing with dangerous toys simply because they can.
Political conflicts need political solutions, not white-skinned do-gooders in Gap jackets decreeing which Johnny Foreigners may be armed and which may not. It is more than a hundred years since Kipling, in his poem The White Man’s Burden, described certain foreign peoples as “half devil and half child”. How depressing that groups like Amnesty still cleave to such an outlook.
UK is assisting USA in death row executions despite the EU ban!
By Emma Marris
A shortage of a drug used in executions in the United States has sent U.S. states scrambling to find supplies, or alternative drugs. Among the 35 states in which capital punishment is legal, some–including Arizona and California–had been sourcing a key execution drug, sodium thiopental, through a company in London–until UK government officials put a stop to its export. The only U.S. company making the drug, which sought to move its manufacturing base to Italy, has now given up producing sodium thiopental because it cannot assure Italian officials that it won’t be used for executions.
How common is lethal injection?
Lethal injection is a common mode of execution in the United States. Of 1,238 executions since 1976 there, 1,064 have been by injection of lethal drugs. Outside the country, China is executing more prisoners given the death sentence by injection and fewer by firing squad. Officials there have called it “cleaner, safer and more convenient,” according to a report by human-rights organization Amnesty International.
How was the U.S. protocol devised?
Why is there a shortage of sodium thiopental?
In recent years, sodium thiopental has been used less and less often for anesthesia, as newer drugs have gained favor. For some time, all the sodium thiopental in the United States has come from a drug company called Hospira, based in Lake Forest, Ill. In the summer of 2009, Hospira had to suspend production of the drug. The company that made the active ingredient–which Hospira would not name, but US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) records identify as Abbott Laboratories–stopped making it. Hospira began looking for a replacement source and was planning to move production of vials of the drug for all its markets to a plant in Liscate, near Milan, Italy.
Near the beginning of this year, the Italian government demanded that Hospira assure that none of the drug would be used for executions. Unable to control who buys their products and what they use them for, Hospira decided to stop making sodium thiopental on 21 January. “We cannot take the risk that we will be held liable by the Italian authorities if the product is diverted for use in capital punishment,” the company said in a statement. “Exposing our employees or facilities to liability is not a risk we are prepared to take.”
Hospira dropped the drug “with regret”, according to spokesman Daniel Rosenberg, who says that it still has a legitimate medical use, although it currently accounts for less than a quarter of a percent of Hospira’s sales. The decision will, however, end the company’s qualms about the use of its product by prisons, which is something the company has long opposed. “We’ve been regularly reaching out to every state in the country to tell them that we don’t approve of this use,” says Rosenberg.
Has the shortage stopped any executions?
It delayed some. States had to work hard to find unexpired vials of the drug, and California and Arizona among others ended up importing some from a UK-based concern called Dream Pharma, based in west London, according to the London-based prisoner-rights group Reprieve. But on 30 November, the UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills banned all export of sodium thiopental to the United States. “Our government is completely against capital punishment,” says a spokesperson for the department. “The only trade we were doing on this drug was for capital punishment.”
Did the FDA “help” states obtain sodium thiopental?
Not according to a spokesperson–but they didn’t hinder the states either. They did not interfere with the importation of the drug from the United Kingdom, despite knowing where the drug was headed. A spokesperson says: “In 2009 and 2010, FDA permitted the importation of several shipments of sodium thiopental to state Departments of Correction. In doing so, FDA deferred to law enforcement in the use of substances for lethal injection, which is consistent with the agency’s long-standing policy. The agency did not conduct any review of these products for safety, effectiveness or quality.”
A spokeswoman for Lundbeck, Sally Young, seemed horrified on Wednesday that her company’s product had almost surely been used as part of the process to execute three prisoners in Oklahoma. She only learned of the use from reporters. “We do not in any way promote any off-label use of the product,” she says. “The use of our product to end lives contradicts everything we are in business to do.”
Young says Lundbeck has sent a letter to the state of Oklahoma formally objecting to the use of pentobarbital in executions, but “from a legal perspective, we can’t control that”.
If the FDA won’t and the manufacturer can’t stop a drug from being used in executions, who in the United States can?
Oklahoma’s Department of Corrections (DOC) spokesman Jerry Massie says that they obtained pentobarbital from “a private pharmacist” who is being kept anonymous for fear that he will be a target for attacks. The transaction is apparently in cash, and no receipt is filed. “He just obtains it and we pick it up from him,” says Massie. “No prescription or anything.”
Phil Woodward, executive director of the Oklahoma Pharmacists Association, says that according to the Oklahoma Pharmacy Practice Act, “a pharmacist would need a prescription from a physician” before dispensing the drugs. “So somewhere within the DOC, a physician would still have to submit an order for this product.” As to whether the anonymous pharmacist acted ethically, Woodward says, “Our association has never taken a stand one way or the other on this matter.” Source
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%d bloggers like this: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2759', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9608253836631776}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '230751', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VHF6RBI2VEKLMRH3TNQB5ZGPGI57HKG5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:dab189f9-4cd8-42bf-ae51-88e034034e19>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 7, 45, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QTWB5DBIQ6YKX7GKRMDBCVJ2PU3IV4DS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:536db257-8bcf-4cce-9222-6f353bc1c3cd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://insomniacs2.wordpress.com/tag/amnesty-international/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c06eb074-198b-44ea-85cb-35528f257eb8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '13663', 'url': 'https://insomniacs2.wordpress.com/tag/amnesty-international/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-127.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021777749061584473', 'original_id': 'd3735ab45651b3d94f1a94e3675294a152f6ed9a9ab1fc77bbca921e5495e225'} |
Peter Som transitioned from Spring's eighteenth-century romp to a Fall collection that had echoes of the nineteenth in the peak shoulder of a Chantilly jacquard coat, the ruff on a blouse, the whisper of a train. This gregarious designer's fan base relies on him for a pretty dress, something to wear to an event like the annual Neue Galerie soirée. His crowd is bound to find a suitable pick among the (rather too wide-ranging) evening options, from a blush-colored dinner dress to a layered black cocktail number with a touch of the siren.
But it was the day looks that were strongest here. The lineup felt less saccharine than past outings. It also pointed downtown, not just up—a good direction for Som to be traveling in. So if one of his front-row favorites like Tinsley Mortimer or Zani Gugelmann wants to vary her routine and try lunch at Café Cluny instead of BG, let her go to Som for clothes that will work in any ZIP code: superslim pants, an oversize short-sleeved sweater, a washed (i.e., not too tough) leather jacket, and a dark faille trench with a lot of flair. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9407620429992676}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '96445', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TJTDX6L76SK4GWNUCHNQDPJ6AOJHUJFZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7bc55c5b-ab70-45cc-9475-ac26a40c353e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 18, 3, 2, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.41', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4OHQOND7IRDD4K3XKY6SJPXJMKXZF7DV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1eca48bf-12c6-4a7e-9cd1-0884263b1544>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2007RTW-PSOM/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b08ff859-6a17-4279-9f3c-2b996f61ef75>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '189', 'url': 'http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2007RTW-PSOM/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-15\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for April 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019285917282104492', 'original_id': 'db8aa7bf374a5ff78736b869890c658a1e4502b79cfff9f00bbe3f9808413f68'} |
Q:
Is there a sudo for os.remove()
I have an existing file I want to remove, and I get the following error when trying to remove it:
os.remove(input_path)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
Is there any way to remove a file that already exists, other than doing:
subprocess.call(['rm', input_path])
A:
Since you're getting a "permission denied" error, it is clear there's a "mismatch" between the permissions of the file (or its parent directory), and those of the user running the python process.
The best practice, instead of looking for "shortcuts" in the form of sudo, is to fix the permissions, either of the file being deleted, or the user running the python process.
Permissions are used for a reason. You're risking getting into troubles if you choose to void/bypass them by using tricks such as sudo.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '8673301e27e8691575f39e1c1910585ce8661c24107aeaa6311d62172a4bd7cc'} |
Ask HN: Utilities you would like to see resurrected? - _color
I'm looking for an interesting open source project this summer, and John Grubber's utility Dragon Drop has inspired me. I want to create an intuitive and useful app, but still need inspiration.<p>Is there any utility that you used to have, yet was discontinued, that you still miss to this day? Hopefully something small and lightweight.
======
pestaa
Google Notebook.
Google just pushed Docs too hard, but I don't need all that functionality. I
want performance, a few basic formatting options and instant saving.
I don't use no stinking sharing either.
------
LarryMade
\- Quanta IDE very web developer friendly - nor or less died with KDE 3.5 \-
Kooka scanner tool (which incorporated OCR, there is a quite a lack of Linux
OCR apps.)
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ac6a63c0134f22997f03bffe50c4d1887c6ded133efed923a8f109df4152572c'} |
SUBROUTINE SLASD2( NL, NR, SQRE, K, D, Z, ALPHA, BETA, U, LDU, VT,
$ LDVT, DSIGMA, U2, LDU2, VT2, LDVT2, IDXP, IDX,
$ IDXC, IDXQ, COLTYP, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK auxiliary routine (version 3.0) --
* Univ. of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Lab, Argonne National Lab,
* Courant Institute, NAG Ltd., and Rice University
* October 31, 1999
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, K, LDU, LDU2, LDVT, LDVT2, NL, NR, SQRE
REAL ALPHA, BETA
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
INTEGER COLTYP( * ), IDX( * ), IDXC( * ), IDXP( * ),
$ IDXQ( * )
REAL D( * ), DSIGMA( * ), U( LDU, * ),
$ U2( LDU2, * ), VT( LDVT, * ), VT2( LDVT2, * ),
$ Z( * )
* ..
*
* Purpose
* =======
*
* SLASD2 merges the two sets of singular values together into a single
* sorted set. Then it tries to deflate the size of the problem.
* There are two ways in which deflation can occur: when two or more
* singular values are close together or if there is a tiny entry in the
* Z vector. For each such occurrence the order of the related secular
* equation problem is reduced by one.
*
* SLASD2 is called from SLASD1.
*
* Arguments
* =========
*
* NL (input) INTEGER
* The row dimension of the upper block. NL >= 1.
*
* NR (input) INTEGER
* The row dimension of the lower block. NR >= 1.
*
* SQRE (input) INTEGER
* = 0: the lower block is an NR-by-NR square matrix.
* = 1: the lower block is an NR-by-(NR+1) rectangular matrix.
*
* The bidiagonal matrix has N = NL + NR + 1 rows and
* M = N + SQRE >= N columns.
*
* K (output) INTEGER
* Contains the dimension of the non-deflated matrix,
* This is the order of the related secular equation. 1 <= K <=N.
*
* D (input/output) REAL array, dimension(N)
* On entry D contains the singular values of the two submatrices
* to be combined. On exit D contains the trailing (N-K) updated
* singular values (those which were deflated) sorted into
* increasing order.
*
* ALPHA (input) REAL
* Contains the diagonal element associated with the added row.
*
* BETA (input) REAL
* Contains the off-diagonal element associated with the added
* row.
*
* U (input/output) REAL array, dimension(LDU,N)
* On entry U contains the left singular vectors of two
* submatrices in the two square blocks with corners at (1,1),
* (NL, NL), and (NL+2, NL+2), (N,N).
* On exit U contains the trailing (N-K) updated left singular
* vectors (those which were deflated) in its last N-K columns.
*
* LDU (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= N.
*
* Z (output) REAL array, dimension(N)
* On exit Z contains the updating row vector in the secular
* equation.
*
* DSIGMA (output) REAL array, dimension (N)
* Contains a copy of the diagonal elements (K-1 singular values
* and one zero) in the secular equation.
*
* U2 (output) REAL array, dimension(LDU2,N)
* Contains a copy of the first K-1 left singular vectors which
* will be used by SLASD3 in a matrix multiply (SGEMM) to solve
* for the new left singular vectors. U2 is arranged into four
* blocks. The first block contains a column with 1 at NL+1 and
* zero everywhere else; the second block contains non-zero
* entries only at and above NL; the third contains non-zero
* entries only below NL+1; and the fourth is dense.
*
* LDU2 (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array U2. LDU2 >= N.
*
* VT (input/output) REAL array, dimension(LDVT,M)
* On entry VT' contains the right singular vectors of two
* submatrices in the two square blocks with corners at (1,1),
* (NL+1, NL+1), and (NL+2, NL+2), (M,M).
* On exit VT' contains the trailing (N-K) updated right singular
* vectors (those which were deflated) in its last N-K columns.
* In case SQRE =1, the last row of VT spans the right null
* space.
*
* LDVT (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array VT. LDVT >= M.
*
* VT2 (output) REAL array, dimension(LDVT2,N)
* VT2' contains a copy of the first K right singular vectors
* which will be used by SLASD3 in a matrix multiply (SGEMM) to
* solve for the new right singular vectors. VT2 is arranged into
* three blocks. The first block contains a row that corresponds
* to the special 0 diagonal element in SIGMA; the second block
* contains non-zeros only at and before NL +1; the third block
* contains non-zeros only at and after NL +2.
*
* LDVT2 (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array VT2. LDVT2 >= M.
*
* IDXP (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension(N)
* This will contain the permutation used to place deflated
* values of D at the end of the array. On output IDXP(2:K)
* points to the nondeflated D-values and IDXP(K+1:N)
* points to the deflated singular values.
*
* IDX (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension(N)
* This will contain the permutation used to sort the contents of
* D into ascending order.
*
* IDXC (output) INTEGER array, dimension(N)
* This will contain the permutation used to arrange the columns
* of the deflated U matrix into three groups: the first group
* contains non-zero entries only at and above NL, the second
* contains non-zero entries only below NL+2, and the third is
* dense.
*
* COLTYP (workspace/output) INTEGER array, dimension(N)
* As workspace, this will contain a label which will indicate
* which of the following types a column in the U2 matrix or a
* row in the VT2 matrix is:
* 1 : non-zero in the upper half only
* 2 : non-zero in the lower half only
* 3 : dense
* 4 : deflated
*
* On exit, it is an array of dimension 4, with COLTYP(I) being
* the dimension of the I-th type columns.
*
* IDXQ (input) INTEGER array, dimension(N)
* This contains the permutation which separately sorts the two
* sub-problems in D into ascending order. Note that entries in
* the first hlaf of this permutation must first be moved one
* position backward; and entries in the second half
* must first have NL+1 added to their values.
*
* INFO (output) INTEGER
* = 0: successful exit.
* < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
*
* Further Details
* ===============
*
* Based on contributions by
* Ming Gu and Huan Ren, Computer Science Division, University of
* California at Berkeley, USA
*
* =====================================================================
*
* .. Parameters ..
REAL ZERO, ONE, TWO, EIGHT
PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0E+0, ONE = 1.0E+0, TWO = 2.0E+0,
$ EIGHT = 8.0E+0 )
* ..
* .. Local Arrays ..
INTEGER CTOT( 4 ), PSM( 4 )
* ..
* .. Local Scalars ..
INTEGER CT, I, IDXI, IDXJ, IDXJP, J, JP, JPREV, K2, M,
$ N, NLP1, NLP2
REAL C, EPS, HLFTOL, S, TAU, TOL, Z1
* ..
* .. External Functions ..
REAL SLAMCH, SLAPY2
EXTERNAL SLAMCH, SLAPY2
* ..
* .. External Subroutines ..
EXTERNAL SCOPY, SLACPY, SLAMRG, SLASET, SROT, XERBLA
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC ABS, MAX
* ..
* .. Executable Statements ..
*
* Test the input parameters.
*
INFO = 0
*
IF( NL.LT.1 ) THEN
INFO = -1
ELSE IF( NR.LT.1 ) THEN
INFO = -2
ELSE IF( ( SQRE.NE.1 ) .AND. ( SQRE.NE.0 ) ) THEN
INFO = -3
END IF
*
N = NL + NR + 1
M = N + SQRE
*
IF( LDU.LT.N ) THEN
INFO = -10
ELSE IF( LDVT.LT.M ) THEN
INFO = -12
ELSE IF( LDU2.LT.N ) THEN
INFO = -15
ELSE IF( LDVT2.LT.M ) THEN
INFO = -17
END IF
IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
CALL XERBLA( 'SLASD2', -INFO )
RETURN
END IF
*
NLP1 = NL + 1
NLP2 = NL + 2
*
* Generate the first part of the vector Z; and move the singular
* values in the first part of D one position backward.
*
Z1 = ALPHA*VT( NLP1, NLP1 )
Z( 1 ) = Z1
DO 10 I = NL, 1, -1
Z( I+1 ) = ALPHA*VT( I, NLP1 )
D( I+1 ) = D( I )
IDXQ( I+1 ) = IDXQ( I ) + 1
10 CONTINUE
*
* Generate the second part of the vector Z.
*
DO 20 I = NLP2, M
Z( I ) = BETA*VT( I, NLP2 )
20 CONTINUE
*
* Initialize some reference arrays.
*
DO 30 I = 2, NLP1
COLTYP( I ) = 1
30 CONTINUE
DO 40 I = NLP2, N
COLTYP( I ) = 2
40 CONTINUE
*
* Sort the singular values into increasing order
*
DO 50 I = NLP2, N
IDXQ( I ) = IDXQ( I ) + NLP1
50 CONTINUE
*
* DSIGMA, IDXC, IDXC, and the first column of U2
* are used as storage space.
*
DO 60 I = 2, N
DSIGMA( I ) = D( IDXQ( I ) )
U2( I, 1 ) = Z( IDXQ( I ) )
IDXC( I ) = COLTYP( IDXQ( I ) )
60 CONTINUE
*
CALL SLAMRG( NL, NR, DSIGMA( 2 ), 1, 1, IDX( 2 ) )
*
DO 70 I = 2, N
IDXI = 1 + IDX( I )
D( I ) = DSIGMA( IDXI )
Z( I ) = U2( IDXI, 1 )
COLTYP( I ) = IDXC( IDXI )
70 CONTINUE
*
* Calculate the allowable deflation tolerance
*
EPS = SLAMCH( 'Epsilon' )
TOL = MAX( ABS( ALPHA ), ABS( BETA ) )
TOL = EIGHT*EPS*MAX( ABS( D( N ) ), TOL )
*
* There are 2 kinds of deflation -- first a value in the z-vector
* is small, second two (or more) singular values are very close
* together (their difference is small).
*
* If the value in the z-vector is small, we simply permute the
* array so that the corresponding singular value is moved to the
* end.
*
* If two values in the D-vector are close, we perform a two-sided
* rotation designed to make one of the corresponding z-vector
* entries zero, and then permute the array so that the deflated
* singular value is moved to the end.
*
* If there are multiple singular values then the problem deflates.
* Here the number of equal singular values are found. As each equal
* singular value is found, an elementary reflector is computed to
* rotate the corresponding singular subspace so that the
* corresponding components of Z are zero in this new basis.
*
K = 1
K2 = N + 1
DO 80 J = 2, N
IF( ABS( Z( J ) ).LE.TOL ) THEN
*
* Deflate due to small z component.
*
K2 = K2 - 1
IDXP( K2 ) = J
COLTYP( J ) = 4
IF( J.EQ.N )
$ GO TO 120
ELSE
JPREV = J
GO TO 90
END IF
80 CONTINUE
90 CONTINUE
J = JPREV
100 CONTINUE
J = J + 1
IF( J.GT.N )
$ GO TO 110
IF( ABS( Z( J ) ).LE.TOL ) THEN
*
* Deflate due to small z component.
*
K2 = K2 - 1
IDXP( K2 ) = J
COLTYP( J ) = 4
ELSE
*
* Check if singular values are close enough to allow deflation.
*
IF( ABS( D( J )-D( JPREV ) ).LE.TOL ) THEN
*
* Deflation is possible.
*
S = Z( JPREV )
C = Z( J )
*
* Find sqrt(a**2+b**2) without overflow or
* destructive underflow.
*
TAU = SLAPY2( C, S )
C = C / TAU
S = -S / TAU
Z( J ) = TAU
Z( JPREV ) = ZERO
*
* Apply back the Givens rotation to the left and right
* singular vector matrices.
*
IDXJP = IDXQ( IDX( JPREV )+1 )
IDXJ = IDXQ( IDX( J )+1 )
IF( IDXJP.LE.NLP1 ) THEN
IDXJP = IDXJP - 1
END IF
IF( IDXJ.LE.NLP1 ) THEN
IDXJ = IDXJ - 1
END IF
CALL SROT( N, U( 1, IDXJP ), 1, U( 1, IDXJ ), 1, C, S )
CALL SROT( M, VT( IDXJP, 1 ), LDVT, VT( IDXJ, 1 ), LDVT, C,
$ S )
IF( COLTYP( J ).NE.COLTYP( JPREV ) ) THEN
COLTYP( J ) = 3
END IF
COLTYP( JPREV ) = 4
K2 = K2 - 1
IDXP( K2 ) = JPREV
JPREV = J
ELSE
K = K + 1
U2( K, 1 ) = Z( JPREV )
DSIGMA( K ) = D( JPREV )
IDXP( K ) = JPREV
JPREV = J
END IF
END IF
GO TO 100
110 CONTINUE
*
* Record the last singular value.
*
K = K + 1
U2( K, 1 ) = Z( JPREV )
DSIGMA( K ) = D( JPREV )
IDXP( K ) = JPREV
*
120 CONTINUE
*
* Count up the total number of the various types of columns, then
* form a permutation which positions the four column types into
* four groups of uniform structure (although one or more of these
* groups may be empty).
*
DO 130 J = 1, 4
CTOT( J ) = 0
130 CONTINUE
DO 140 J = 2, N
CT = COLTYP( J )
CTOT( CT ) = CTOT( CT ) + 1
140 CONTINUE
*
* PSM(*) = Position in SubMatrix (of types 1 through 4)
*
PSM( 1 ) = 2
PSM( 2 ) = 2 + CTOT( 1 )
PSM( 3 ) = PSM( 2 ) + CTOT( 2 )
PSM( 4 ) = PSM( 3 ) + CTOT( 3 )
*
* Fill out the IDXC array so that the permutation which it induces
* will place all type-1 columns first, all type-2 columns next,
* then all type-3's, and finally all type-4's, starting from the
* second column. This applies similarly to the rows of VT.
*
DO 150 J = 2, N
JP = IDXP( J )
CT = COLTYP( JP )
IDXC( PSM( CT ) ) = J
PSM( CT ) = PSM( CT ) + 1
150 CONTINUE
*
* Sort the singular values and corresponding singular vectors into
* DSIGMA, U2, and VT2 respectively. The singular values/vectors
* which were not deflated go into the first K slots of DSIGMA, U2,
* and VT2 respectively, while those which were deflated go into the
* last N - K slots, except that the first column/row will be treated
* separately.
*
DO 160 J = 2, N
JP = IDXP( J )
DSIGMA( J ) = D( JP )
IDXJ = IDXQ( IDX( IDXP( IDXC( J ) ) )+1 )
IF( IDXJ.LE.NLP1 ) THEN
IDXJ = IDXJ - 1
END IF
CALL SCOPY( N, U( 1, IDXJ ), 1, U2( 1, J ), 1 )
CALL SCOPY( M, VT( IDXJ, 1 ), LDVT, VT2( J, 1 ), LDVT2 )
160 CONTINUE
*
* Determine DSIGMA(1), DSIGMA(2) and Z(1)
*
DSIGMA( 1 ) = ZERO
HLFTOL = TOL / TWO
IF( ABS( DSIGMA( 2 ) ).LE.HLFTOL )
$ DSIGMA( 2 ) = HLFTOL
IF( M.GT.N ) THEN
Z( 1 ) = SLAPY2( Z1, Z( M ) )
IF( Z( 1 ).LE.TOL ) THEN
C = ONE
S = ZERO
Z( 1 ) = TOL
ELSE
C = Z1 / Z( 1 )
S = Z( M ) / Z( 1 )
END IF
ELSE
IF( ABS( Z1 ).LE.TOL ) THEN
Z( 1 ) = TOL
ELSE
Z( 1 ) = Z1
END IF
END IF
*
* Move the rest of the updating row to Z.
*
CALL SCOPY( K-1, U2( 2, 1 ), 1, Z( 2 ), 1 )
*
* Determine the first column of U2, the first row of VT2 and the
* last row of VT.
*
CALL SLASET( 'A', N, 1, ZERO, ZERO, U2, LDU2 )
U2( NLP1, 1 ) = ONE
IF( M.GT.N ) THEN
DO 170 I = 1, NLP1
VT( M, I ) = -S*VT( NLP1, I )
VT2( 1, I ) = C*VT( NLP1, I )
170 CONTINUE
DO 180 I = NLP2, M
VT2( 1, I ) = S*VT( M, I )
VT( M, I ) = C*VT( M, I )
180 CONTINUE
ELSE
CALL SCOPY( M, VT( NLP1, 1 ), LDVT, VT2( 1, 1 ), LDVT2 )
END IF
IF( M.GT.N ) THEN
CALL SCOPY( M, VT( M, 1 ), LDVT, VT2( M, 1 ), LDVT2 )
END IF
*
* The deflated singular values and their corresponding vectors go
* into the back of D, U, and V respectively.
*
IF( N.GT.K ) THEN
CALL SCOPY( N-K, DSIGMA( K+1 ), 1, D( K+1 ), 1 )
CALL SLACPY( 'A', N, N-K, U2( 1, K+1 ), LDU2, U( 1, K+1 ),
$ LDU )
CALL SLACPY( 'A', N-K, M, VT2( K+1, 1 ), LDVT2, VT( K+1, 1 ),
$ LDVT )
END IF
*
* Copy CTOT into COLTYP for referencing in SLASD3.
*
DO 190 J = 1, 4
COLTYP( J ) = CTOT( J )
190 CONTINUE
*
RETURN
*
* End of SLASD2
*
END
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '0ca7dc8a849eba7ace40f076033fd8bdbd2a8ec3c5e6f0c9ebfa4be8f43a402e'} |
121-123 Luke Chapter 22
Chapter 22
In The Shadow of the Cross
In Luke 22:1 the scene shifts from Jesus’ teaching in the Temple to the events just prior to the trials and crucifixion of Jesus. With the exception of verses 1-6, the passage describes what happened on the day and night before His crucifixion. His Last Supper with the disciples, His prayer about the cup, and the arrest.
The Plot against Jesus 1-6
From the cleansing of the Temple the enemies of Jesus had sought a way to destroy Jesus, but they had been afraid because of His popularity with the people. Luke 22:2 says that even as they were plotting to kill Jesus, still they were in fear of what the people might do.
The other Synoptic Gospels reveal to us that there plot against Jesus was to be carried out after the Passover Feast. (Mark 14:2; Matthew 26:5) The Passover Feast was the most important festival of the Jewish year. The feast began on the day of Passover on Nisan the 14th and included the seven-day feast of the Unleavened Bread, which began on the 15th. The city of Jerusalem was crowded throughout Passover with pilgrims from all over.
Then the unexpected happened that changed the plans of the conspirators to wait. Acting on his own Judas came to them and offered to betray Jesus. This solved their dilemma because Judas, as an insider, could lead them to Jesus at a time when there were no crowds.
Why Judas would do this is a mystery. Luke tells us that Judas opened his life to Satan, but this does not explain what Satan used to draw Judas into this terrible act. Some believe that Judas was trying to force Jesus’ hand into declaring Himself and use His powers to set up His Kingdom. They use the evidence of Judas’ remorse for his actions. (Matthew 27:3-10) Most Biblical evidence implies that Judas was a selfish man who was frustrated because following Jesus had not brought to Judas all that he wanted. Judas then decided to gain something out of the time he had spent with Jesus.
Sin is always an irrational decision. Even when we know the reasons it still does not make any sense. This was true in the Garden of Eden, it was true for Judas, and it is true today.
Preparation for the Passover Meal 7-13
The lambs for the Passover were slain in the afternoon of the 14th and the meal was eaten on that evening. This would have been the 15th as the day ended at sundown for the Jews. Jesus had sent Peter and John out to prepare the Passover meal.
The place for the Passover Supper was not known to the disciples and Peter and John did not know until they had arrived at the place Jesus had sent them.
The Last Supper and the Lord’s Supper 14-20
The Passover was observed because of the deliverance of the Israelite people from the hand of the Egyptians. Passover was also observed in expectation of God’s coming Kingdom. This was the last meal that Jesus would have with His disciples and therefore He instituted the Lord’s Supper. The Lord’s Supper, like the Passover, celebrates a deliverance. The Lord’s Supper also looks forward to the consummation of God’s Kingdom.
Jesus knew that this would be the last meal with His disciples before His suffering and His death. But the words that Jesus spoke look forward to the future Kingdom.
Two cups are mentioned in Luke’s account of the Lord’s Supper. The other accounts in the gospels only mention one. The cup mentioned in verse 20 was taken after the supper. This may have been done to set apart the institution of the Lord’s Supper. Luke along with other New Testament references to the Lord’s Supper (Mark 14:12-26; Matthew 26:17-30; 1 Corinthians 11:17-34) show why Christians observe the Lord’s Supper rather than Passover. The divine deliverance of Israel from the Egyptians foreshadow the deliverance from sin and death are made possible by the death and resurrection of Jesus. The bread represents the body of Christ which was given to us. The Cup signifies the blood of Jesus that was shed for us. This sacrifice sealed the New Covenant of God with His people.
The Betrayer’s Hand 21:23
This account from Luke shows two important points about the death of Jesus. The death of Jesus was God’s plan for man’s redemption. Those who were responsible for His death are held responsible for what they did. The Idea that Judas was a helpless pawn in a divine drama is not true. If the was the case, then Jesus would not have pronounced judgment on him for his betrayal.
A New Definition for Success 24-30
The disciples involved themselves in two discussions. Starting with who among them was the betrayer and ending with who was the greatest in the Kingdom. Having these discussions show how far out of touch they were with what Jesus was about to go through. The teachings of Jesus had magnified the way of self-giving love for God and others. In just a few hours Jesus would die because of His great love for man, yet they were arguing about who was the greatest.
We must marvel at the patience of Jesus. Jesus tried to explain again what He had often tried to teach them before. The great people of this world are those with the greatest power and honor. In that day the youngest of the family had the most menial work, but Jesus was telling His disciple to choose for themselves such service. By the standard of the world the person being served is the greater of the ones serving them. But God’s standard is the reverse.
Jesus spoke words of encouragement to His disciples because they had been with Him through many trials, He assured them they would share in the joys of the coming Kingdom. But Jesus did not place any of them in positions above the others. In the new Israel the twelve will occupy places comparable to the twelve tribes of Israel.
Satan’s Sifting 31-34
Earlier Satan had entered into Judas and now we learn that Satan had asked to sift Peter like wheat. This reminds us of the time Satan wanted to test Job. The purpose of Satan was to strike at Jesus through Peter. Satan wanted to show that he was like useless chaff. God allowed this to show that the sifting might show that in the sifting the wheat would survive.
Jesus gave Peter words of encouragement that he would remember and from that he would take heart. Peter did seem to fail the test but Jesus had prayed for him that his faith would not fail. Therefore, Jesus was confident to say to Peter to strengthen his brothers after he was restored from his own failure. Unfortunately Peter was filled with too much self-confidence to heed the words of Jesus’ warning.
Two Swords 35-38
Again the disciples failed to grasp what Jesus was trying to prepare them for. Jesus was trying to prepare them for the greatest crisis that they had ever faced during their three year ministry with Jesus. He was using symbolic language to help them to draw upon all available resources. Jesus was telling them to gird themselves for the spiritual battle that lay just ahead against the evil forces of Satan. The disciples took Him literally as He said to sell their mantles and buy swords. But their thoughts were upon armed conflict, as they thought the time was now to establish His Kingdom. They had two swords and Jesus said “it is enough.” It is speculation as to what Jesus meant. Certainly if Jesus was to establish His Kingdom two swords would have been plenty, as what are they to the power of God? But this was not what was to happen on this morning. Another thought is that Jesus meant that is enough talk of weapons, as this was not the purpose of the day.
If Jesus was speaking literally and actually meant for them to arm themselves this would have caused real problems. Armed conflict would have be contrary to all that Jesus had been teaching. And armed conflict would not have advanced the purposes of God.
Not My Will, But Thine 39-46
The literal language of the Lord now changed in the Garden of Gethsemane to plain speaking. This is the weapon against all evil forces, prayer. Jesus earlier had told Peter that He would pray that his faith would be strengthened, now He was telling them to pray for themselves. Then Jesus went off by Himself to pray as he now faced His own crisis. In spite of all that Jesus had said to His disciples they still did not grasp the immediate crisis ahead of them. When Jesus returned from His prayers He found His disciples sleeping. Jesus woke them and again told them to pray.
The Prayer of Jesus reveals several things about His coming death. It was the will of God, the cross was not forced upon Him, and the cross involved sever suffering and all of His inclinations was to avoid it.
Satan is not mentioned but he must have been tempting Jesus to avoid the cross. Since Cain killed Able Satan has been trying to thwart this very sacrifice to free men from the bondage of sin. Satan knew that if Jesus went to the cross it would be his defeat. Jesus had told His disciples to pray that they would not enter into temptation. This was certainly on His mind, as He knew what He was about to suffer and to be tempted to avoid it would have been the easiest way out.
Many a brave man has faced death willingly. Why would Jesus have shrunk from it? It is not that crucifixion was the most horrible way to die in that time. The Romans had perfected crucifixion to be the most agonizing and painful way to die. Many martyrs have faced slow agonizing deaths without a word. But the death of Jesus was so much more than a martyr’s death. Jesus not only had to face physical death but also spiritual death, as this is the wage of sin. The cup represented the deep darkness that Jesus would descend into as He died for the sins of the world. That is a death that none of can ever know and comprehend, as we pray to never experience it. All the Synoptic Gospels record the prayer of Jesus at the Garden of Gethsemane. (Mark 14:32-42; Matthew 26:36-46)
The Darkest Hour 47-53
No man tracked Jesus down and took Him against His will. He knew of Judas and the plot to betray Him. Yet Jesus went to the Mount of Olives, as was His custom, knowing that Judas would lead His enemies there. Jesus chose to drink that cup and turned Himself over to the power of darkness. The enemies of Jesus had for some time planned to seize Him but were afraid of the people. Now hiding in the darkness of night they came to take Jesus. In doing this, in the darkness of night, they showed their moral and spiritual darkness in the course of their action.
Mockery of Justice
Luke’s account of the trials of Jesus is longer of the account of the crucifixion itself. The trials shed meaning on Jesus’ death. Luke tells He was denied by Peter. How the Sanhedrin had condemned Him. The sentence of crucifixion by Pontus Pilate. The Gospels reveal to us the sinful self-interest of many people was involved. One of Jesus’ own followers had betrayed Him and another had denied Him. Representatives of the best religious system and of the best judicial system sent the innocent Son of God to His death. This shows the universal cost of sin in the world.
A Tragedy of Denial 54-62
As they took Jesus to the house of the High Priest Peter followed behind at a distance. All of the other disciples with the exception of one had fled. (Mark 14:50; Matthew 26:56; John 18:15) When revolutionary leaders were taken the authorities would also capture and execute their followers. Peter in his loyalty followed Jesus right into the court yard of the High Priest.
Why then did Peter deny his Lord? Earlier that night Peter told Jesus, “Lord, with You I am ready to go both to prison and to death!” Peter meant what he had said. At the time Peter thought Jesus was going to set up His Kingdom. Peter was ready to fight and even die for Jesus and the Kingdom. When the armed guards came to arrest Jesus it was Peter who drew the sword and cut of the ear of the servant. (John 18:10-11) Peter did this knowing that their two swords were not enough to disarm the foes.
Peter was confused by Jesus not resisting His arrest. Instead Jesus meekly surrendered and placed Himself in the hands of His enemies. Peter followed Jesus but he was confused and disillusioned. Peter found himself morally and spiritually unprepared for the three accusations in the courtyard. Peter was a brave man when he had a sword in his hands but was unwilling to risk death for what seemed to be a lost cause.
Only in the Gospel of Luke do we see that Jesus turned and looked at Peter when the roster crowed. Peter was close enough to see the look in Jesus’ eyes.
The Mocking 63-65
First Jesus was interrogated by Annas, who was the father-in-law of the High Priest. (John 18:12-24) After that Caiphas the High Priest and the Sanhedrin conducted an informal hearing. (Mark 14:53-65; Matthew 26:57-66) Jesus was kept under guard as they waited for the morning. It was then the ‘Sanhedrin was to conduct a formal hearing. While the time was passing the guards filled their time by mocking Jesus.
Condemned 66-71
Jesus was brought before the Sanhedrin, a council of 71 of the religious leads for the Jews. They had authority over the Jewish people in religious matters. They were under the supervision of the Roman authority but the Sanhedrin was able to influence the Romans from time to time. Roman procurators like Pontus Pilate were reluctant to resist a determined action by the Sanhedrin.
This official meeting of the Sanhedrin was to justify what they had already decided to do with Jesus. They tried to get Jesus to admit that He was the Messiah. This would give them the bases for accusing Him before Pilate. Jesus answered letting them know that He knew they had already made up their minds. This was not a trial that evidence would be presented. The verdict was already predetermined. Therefore, Jesus refused to answer their questions on their terms. This is why He used the title “the Son of man.” By His answer Jesus was telling that no matter what they did He would live in glory and someday would be their judge. This answer and His admission to being the Son of God was enough for them to find Him guilty of blasphemy.
121-124 Luke Chapter 23
121-123 Luke Chapter 22
Posted in Lessons | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '18', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9881765246391296}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36183', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4TLMANIPF37Y36GNN334DT63LGTCDMYU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:44ed6c65-c4ae-4f5d-a5de-439fc70c21ff>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 19, 0, 58, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.113.150.107', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QYW3X54KMEKTGANJIACT55LXMBZHVRM7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f851ce7e-681f-4299-82fe-03f545b9bba1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.durantbiblecollegeonline.org/lessons/121-123-luke-chapter-22/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:90f91be4-e3ca-4a9b-848e-fa48e6fba690>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2554', 'url': 'http://www.durantbiblecollegeonline.org/lessons/121-123-luke-chapter-22/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-181-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06457436084747314', 'original_id': '2060ec57dd001171e28562a3cd7ec2f4f8c098727aec8e114c89b2de8de1ad32'} |
Are There Any Legal Complications Involved When Hiring The Mobile Advertising Agency?
Mobile advertising is perhaps the best thing that you could have asked for to reach your potential customers in a ziffy. However, any media through which you reach people is not above the law. What we mean here is that there are a lot of legal complications that you should be aware of before sending the advertisement about your product or services on the list of numbers or hiring the mobile advertising agency.
game on mobile phone
You don’t want trouble
Almost all the apps and social media that you have been using come with the legal clause and they want all the advertising agencies to abide by all the rules and regulations. However, if you fail to read between the fine lines then it could be trouble for you. Therefore, when you are hiring the agency make sure that they have the reputation of being an ethical one. Surely, you would not want to get in the legal troubles and shell out a lot more than what you have spent on hiring the advertising agency.
social meeting
You might not be aware but in the mobile communication, relationship between the sender and the receiver can make a lot of difference. For instance, if a customer has subscribed or signed up to receive your products and services, it means that you have got his number from the right means. However, in case you have bought the contact details of the potential clients from the third party, there are a lot of legal requirements that one should abide by before sending messages on the numbers. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9760146737098694}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72825', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KYTLRCNDBKITH2WDCXFV4MC5WBW6LAZY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9dcf2f66-654e-4157-9eff-9f234aed7378>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 22, 4, 14, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '204.93.177.251', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:USUDYTGXMWGJPZFPXOTGI4EICKKHT5Z2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:70a3e583-8c49-4fb6-8563-d396d91eee68>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.mtlstartuptalent.com/tag/social-media/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a5f54764-7058-4cc2-88a5-72c1519f3cf6>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '276', 'url': 'http://www.mtlstartuptalent.com/tag/social-media/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-217.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.034657955169677734', 'original_id': '6674e4d0fff8dbc9e649c570c11a9a6199a8f3af60300cf27bff7a854b16cae2'} |
Ramona Houston
The Speaker
A passionate educator, Ramona is devoted to inspiring, enlightening and empowering minds. Through her lectures, workshops and trainings, Ramona provides audiences with the knowledge and tools they need to achieve their personal and professional goals.
Currently, Ramona focuses on two areas:
Diversity and American Race Relations
Ramona understands the complex dynamics of working within and for diverse communities. Her academic research, work within both the African American and Latino communities, and professional and personal experiences have empowered her with keen insight and a distinct perspective of what it takes to develop affirming relationships among diverse groups.
Ramona fully grasps the subtleties that impede even the most progressive agendas and honorable intentions. Seeking to advance and strengthen multiracial/multicultural work, Ramona teaches organizations how to strategically address socially constructed barriers that prevent diverse groups from working together.
Through her lectures, workshops and trainings, audiences gain the knowledge, insight and sensibilities they need to develop meaningful relationships among diverse groups and produce successful initiatives that reach, engage, serve and impact diverse communities.
Strategies for College Success
A passionate advocate for higher education, Ramona loves to inspire and prepare students for college success. Through her presentations for various institutions and organizations, Ramona shows students how to make their college career an extraordinary and exciting adventure.
Ramona’s educational and professional career reflect her enthusiasm for higher education. She attended a large public majority university as well as a private Historically Black College and University (HBCU). As a student, she participated in the honors program, received scholarships and awards, achieved academic excellence, participated in various co-curricular activities, served as student government president, traveled throughout the US and abroad, graduated with honors, earned the B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees, and had fun! Ramona has also had a range of professional experiences in higher education–as a member of the staff, faculty, board of trustees, alumni associations, and advisory boards.
Ramona Houston - education
With a wealth of knowledge and a range of experiences in higher education, Ramona knows what it takes to excel and succeed in college as well as create the ultimate college experience. Through her publications, workshop series and seminars, students learn essential strategies as well as hidden secrets for college success. Students depart inspired and empowered with the knowledge they need to pursue and complete their college education.
Get in touch today
Find out how Ramona Houston can collaborate with you
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Food Deserts
Topics: Grocery store, Nutrition, Organic food Pages: 6 (2340 words) Published: April 25, 2013
Tanjin Minar CWP 102 4/14/13 Brad RomansFood DesertsThere is growing trend of cities across the United States that do not have access to food such as places in Buffalo, Baltimore, or Detroit. According to the USDA, a food desert is to qualify as a “low-access community,” at least 500 people and/or at least 33 percent of the census tract's population must reside more than one mile from a supermarket or large grocery store (for rural census tracts, the distance is more than 10 miles). You can even look up a food desert locater on the USDA website and it will provide you areas where it is hard to buy broccoli or carrots in red marked areas. Going to the supermarket is a 30-minute bus ride if you live in the east side and many people do not have the money either to buy expensive organic produce as well. Thus, living in a stratified society today, people who live in food desserts region are prone to have an adverse effect on their health because of the proximity of food co-op, farmers market or organic supermarkets.Food deserts are places or regions in the United States that people do not have access to healthy food, which then contributes to obesity and adverse health conditions. There is a direct link in how food deserts have adverse affects on health. For example, cities like Buffalo, Detroit, Baltimore, Washington D.C or even New York City have African Americans with a ratio of obesity related illnesses because of the lack of healthy foods near them. Many parts of Buffalo do not have resources to healthy food such as parts in the East Side in Bailey Ave. opposed to Williamsville in Buffalo. Wegmans is known as Buffalos supermarket that has various types of food, which is organic and healthy. Many stores in Buffalo such as Tops or Shop Rite despite the fact they are cheaper in food but the quality is not too bad.In America, there have been several studies done on food desserts but many people do not know the implications behind this. Many communities do not have access to organic food whether it is not within a 5-minute distance or it is too expensive. The supermarkets are miles away and the only food available to purchase are processed food from the convenient stores located nearby or walking distance. These food desserts not only affect many adults but also children who are mal-nourished or do not have the proper vitamins.The growing risks of being overweight are having diabetes, stroke or heart problems opposed to someone who is more muscle mass. America is one of the other few countries in the world to have people to have shorter mortality rates. Obesity is one of the most preventable deaths in the United States as well. Many children in America are also overweight and are not consuming enough fruits and vegetables. The price of being overweight will cost you a trip to the doctors, more money on gas and cost you a fortune to lose weight by the gym. So if you live in an area, where there are organic supermarkets, farmers markets or food co-op, you are more likely to stick to your nutritious diet and be more motivated to keep a healthier lifestyle.People who reside in these areas contact to food that is abundant with sugary processed food that are more affordable than fresh vegetables and organic products. There is a growing notion of how food desserts are one of the few main reasons to obesity. The first Lady is also seeking ways to combat this problem and the author supports the Hunger Free Act that the Obama Administration has proposed. Many people who shop for food near food desserts are likely to buy less produce because of the price because of the rising cost of vegetables. However, there is a notion of rising mandate for organic and healthier stores with their own communities. Children who reside in areas of low-income areas are prone to be overweight because many places that they live near do not have...
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09.02.
Invader Zim is an American animated television series created by Jhonen Vasquez. It was produced by and subsequently aired on Nickelodeon. The series revolves around an extraterrestrial named Zim from the planet Irk, and his ongoing mission to conquer and destroy a dark and satirical version of Earth. His various attempts to subjugate and destroy the human race are invariably undermined by some combination of his own ineptitude, his malfunctioning robot servant GIR, and his arch-nemesis Dib, one of very few humans attentive enough to be aware of Zim’s identity.
Invader Zim was first broadcast on March 30, 2001. The show was targeted at children in their early teens, and met with critical acclaim. However, after the first season, the show’s ratings began to suffer. Before the second season was completed, Nickelodeon canceled the series, leaving at least sixteen episodes and a planned television movie series finale unfinished. Because of its continued fan base and above average DVD sales since cancellation, Invader Zim has been called a cult hit.
Memory Glands is a humor and entertainment blog in the Three Ring Blogs Network. Memory Glands posts funny photos and funny videos daily that consist of television shows, foods, drinks, toys, games, movies and other cool stuff of the past. Other members of the Three Ring Blogs Network are People of Walmart, Girls In Yoga Pants, Forever Alone, Daily Viral Stuff, Wedding Unveils, Neighbor Shame, Full of Your Selfies, Damn That Looks Good, Jaw Drops, Freaks of Fast Food, the Proud Parents and more. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '93549784d21c4cb1e78fe0ade96211ac7ab0826bb3ffb8954b8e9a3af93a6088'} |
Welcome to Astral Synergy Productions!
A music production company that is a collaboration between Holberg scenekunst og media (Gustav Holberg) and The Seidhjallar Project (Rúnahild). We have set up main base at an organic mountain farm in western Norway. We produce music of multiple genres, ranging from acoustic, ethereal folk to electronic dance and trance.
Astral Synergy is an untraditional production company. The studio is an earthen cabin, inspired by the viking halls of old. This is a place where one can fully focus on production, far away from cities and all their noise and distractions. These days most artists can not afford to spend much time in the studio, so everything has to be planned, rehearsed and tight before the band enters the studio. Here we do things a bit differently, we do what we can to provide a creative space, where you can explore your music and sounds. We would rather take the time it needs to get the sound and atmosphere you want, at a very reasonable price. We will support you along all stages of the production.
Our main drive is to produce and spread music from genuine artists, who have passion for what they create.
We welcome a future, where artist retain their freedom and most of the earnings from their music.
Studio 2: Astral Synergy
Our Projects and Productions
Here are the projects that Astral Synergy Productions are directly involved in.
New artist, to be announced…
Associated Artists and Projects
Here you will find presentations of projects and artists that we collaborate with. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9423031210899352}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '110520', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3JNCQJYKO3MBRV4LWUMMTUFDXSTZUVOS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:09ecd491-53b6-4140-b8e1-b5463542a5d1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 13, 29, 33), 'WARC-IP-Address': '194.63.249.214', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PK37WH65MCVMJCGMADQGUMWNIMIK2DUT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3338741e-6eca-4bda-820a-2adf2d845216>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://astralsynergy.com/astralsynergy/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:329af284-1e21-4bd9-b0e7-c8049ebc095b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '259', 'url': 'https://astralsynergy.com/astralsynergy/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-148\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06714755296707153', 'original_id': '034e0d9e75792131f5ffb7d76635ded20a19d5c5d8607eadd67463c66b1f41fa'} |
What Self-Made Millionaires Do That Most People Don't (Paperback)
52 Ways to Create Your Own Success
By Ann Marie Sabath
Career Press, 9781632651341, 224pp.
Publication Date: May 21, 2018
List Price: 16.95*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Confucius said that a thousand-mile journey begins with a single step. The same principle applies to becoming a self-made millionaire, except this journey is a little shorter, comprising just 52 common sense practices.
Featuring interviews with a wide-ranging list of self-made millionaires, you will be astonished to see how anyone can achieve this status by creating the right mindset. You will learn how white-collar professionals, blue-collar workers, small business owners, even teenagers alike have joined this million-dollar net worth club by methodically and consistently putting into practice the self-made millionaire game plan revealed in this book.
In What Self-Made Millionaires Do that Most People Don't, Ann Marie Sabath makes it easy for you to implement these simple strategies by posing a question at the end of each section to help you begin your own self-made millionaire journey.
What Self-Made Millionaires Do that Most People Don't will teach you:
• How to create a self-made millionaire mindset.
• The 25 habits all accomplished individuals have in common.
• How self-made millionaires benefit from "failure."
• Powerful advice for anyone ready to begin their self-made millionaire journey.
OK, you've been given the rod, now go fish!
• About the Author
Ann Marie Sabath is president of At Ease Inc., a nationally recognized protocol and etiquette firm. She has trained more than 90,000 individuals at companies such as Fidelity Investments, Monster.com, CVS Pharmacy/Caremark, Deloitte & Touche, Baird Investments and Marriott International. The first and second editions of Business Etiquette have been recognized by the Oprah Winfrey Show, the New York Times, Entrepreneur Magazine, the Seattle Times, and the Cincinnati Enquirer, among many other newspapers, radio and television stations. Sabath has been profiled in a wide variety of media, including Forbes, the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. She divides her time between New York and Cincinnati.
Praise For What Self-Made Millionaires Do That Most People Don't: 52 Ways to Create Your Own Success
"Ann Marie Sabath has entered a field crowded with 'get rich quick' books. What Self-Made Millionaires Do That Most People Don't is the opposite -- it's a get rich slow book. Instead of grandiose claims, the author provides compelling stories and distills practical advice in short, easy-to-digest chapters. Whatever your goals, What Self-Made Millionaires Do That Most People Don't can get you on a path that maximizes your chances of success, one step and one week at a time." --Steve Bennett, Founder and Creative Director, AuthorBytes
"The author brilliantly breaks down how to achieve millionaire status into 52 enticingly achievable secrets. It led me to conclude that I could focus on mastering one of these secrets per week and in one-year's time, be well on my way to greater success." --David Kramer, Coauthor, The $500 Cup of Coffee
"While there's no prescribed path to becoming a millionaire, this book is as close as it comes. With great detail, Ann Marie breaks down the commonalities, habits and secrets that distinguish successful people from the rest." --Douglas A. Boneparth, CFP®, Coauthor, The Millennial Money Fix | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9154544472694396}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24122', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:66HQYREY2QZQPZIRGSYUURWRY45KXDZC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:af314109-1e0f-4d09-9360-0ccbee862564>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 20, 1, 25, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.130.239.46', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KYPMC777OHR6YL47DO6FEOBSXWKYJQFK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3766bc52-3ee1-40eb-a6e8-39adc2674550>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781632651341', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:675fd9bc-71df-42ae-9b2a-c92d75269b39>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '524', 'url': 'https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781632651341', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-91-55.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021442055702209473', 'original_id': '1c665575ec92534bdda1da97c732c34acd7bffa4c256adb1a081a3a47e5d5b83'} |
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.2)
project(roslaunch)
find_package(catkin REQUIRED)
catkin_package(CFG_EXTRAS roslaunch-extras.cmake)
if(CMAKE_HOST_UNIX)
catkin_add_env_hooks(10.roslaunch SHELLS sh DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/env-hooks)
else()
catkin_add_env_hooks(10.roslaunch SHELLS bat DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/env-hooks)
endif()
catkin_python_setup()
install(FILES resources/roscore.xml
DESTINATION ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_ETC_DESTINATION}/ros)
# install example launch files
install(DIRECTORY resources
DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_SHARE_DESTINATION})
# required for old rosbuild macro to be under PKGNAME/scripts
catkin_install_python(PROGRAMS scripts/roslaunch-check
DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_SHARE_DESTINATION}/scripts)
if(CATKIN_ENABLE_TESTING)
catkin_add_nosetests(test/unit)
endif()
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '8008c03237dd82427357b3eda8d0e6dc8330ad6df7eac6d4ac8969cf497030e9'} |
Security measures at Ingracia, your event venue:
For everyone’s security, Ingracia follows all the protocols necessary to carry out your events safely:
We have 3 hygienic stations with hydroalcoholic gel: at the entrance, in the time break area and in the conference area.
We have one use sanitary masks available to customers.
We have placed more soap dispensers in the bathrooms.
We have intensified the cleaning of the facilities before, during and after the event, placing special emphasis on sensitive points such as doors, railings, elevator buttons, furniture, lectern, microphones, and all those elements in common use during restoration breaks.
We intensify the cleaning of the filters of the air conditioners and ventilation.
We intensify ventilation with natural air, especially in events where there is more interaction between attendees.
The rooms have been organized in order to maintain the safety distance. In the Stage room instead of 70 pax now we allow 35 people seated in theater. In the Soho room instead of 100 pax we allow up to 50 people seated in theater.
The use of the elevator is limited to one person.
Take care of your health and protect others through the following measures:
Wash your hands frequently.
Maintain the recommended social distancing.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
If you have a fever, cough and difficulties for breathing, do not attend the event and seek medical attention.
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He did not stop at his own tavern, but dodged in and out of various places in obscure parts of the town. He had undertoned gossipings in corners with several suspicious fellows, apparently obtaining but little satisfaction to his inquiries. He then went to Wilkins' house and had a long and mysterious conversation with the red-headed lodger on the second floor, who treated him with singular deference. Thence he di- rected his steps to a small house in the Bowery ; and very shortly after might have been seen holding by the button no less a person than Aaron, the drab-colored body-guard of Mrs. Dow. Their colloquy must have been most satisfactory, for he chuckled and laughed to him- self as he lefl him, and snapped his fingers, and swore lustily at the dog, which last demonstration of pleasure he did not intermit until he reached his own house. What the nature of the conversation was, has not transpired ; but during the whole of the evening succeeding it Aaron was observed to wear an air of profound and uneasy gravity. He shook his head omi- nously in the kitchen, and threw out so many cloudy hints that a cer- tain gentleman who should be nameless, but whom they all knew, and particularly Mrs. Dow, and who came in and out of a certain hcyuse as if it were his own, and spoke to a certain respectable man-servant as if he were a dog, would ' get his bitters soon,' that the red-haired cook with prominent teeth, to use her own expression, * was ready to bu'st with cur'osity.' 1842.] T%e thufd OarreipandeHee. 966 A dozen times in the coarse of the evening Aaron thrust his head in the little parlor, (where Mrs. Dow was dozing over a large Bible and a small prayer-book, with a small stove under her feet,) to see what the boor was. Eight o^cIock came, then nine ; a quarter after, then half after, and at last ten. As the clock struck, Mrs. Dow lighted an un- der-sized lamp, with a particularly large extinffuisher attached to it by a brass chain, and examined all the windows, doors, and latches, to see that they were properly secured. Having satisfied herself in this par^ tieular, and having thrust a long sharp-pointed stick violently under every chair, sofa, and side*board, and into every dark closet in the lower part of the house, and having closely scrutinized every drawer of suffi- cient magnitude to contain any thing larger than a rat in the last stage of decline, she felt morally certain that there were no hidden interlopers in the house ; and accordingly took herself off to bed, first giving Aaron a particular charge not to set the house on fire, in any accidenud man- ner whatever. No sooner did Aaron hear the door of her ro<mi double locked, and the bolt drawn, than he cla];^>ed his broad-brimmed hat on his head and sallied out ; and being somewhat flurried at the stealthy nature of this proceeding, he ran with all his might, two blocks in a direction con- trary to what he wished to take before he stopped to think. He then paused, buttoned his coat up to his chin, fixed his hat firmly on his head, and changed his course. The crowd had begun to thin off firom the more public streets ; and the narrow ones were comparatively quiet and deserted. It was a long time since Aaron had ventured out at such an unseemly hour, and his courage being of the passive rather than the active kind, he began to feel far fi-om comfortable at the loneliness about him. He kept a warv eye <m all the dark comers, and gave a wide berth to every alley ; whicn he felt certain was a lurking place for tall black-bearded ruffians armed with ropes, ready to sally out and strangle him on the spot, pack him up in an empty pork barrel, and sell him to an eminent physician, who would ask no questions, but would quietly boil him down, and make a skeleton of him before that time to-morrow night. At length he came to a street more dimly lighted than the others, and at the corner of this he stopped. It was so dark that he could not see a hundred yards ; but within that space there was no one stirring. ' Here 's a go ! ' muttered he, looking suspiciously about ; ' a wery lonesome street ! How a man might be invited to die here, wiolent ! It smells of murder and arson, and sich. No matter,' said he, clearing his throat very loud, and straightening himself up : ' I 'm under diwine pertection here as well as in my bed ; though it does strike me that di- wine pertection in my bed is a securer kind of pertection than diwine pertection just in this neighborhood.' He continued standing still for full ten minutes, as if in expectation of the arrival of some person. But the only one who did make his appear- ance being a single man of a very cut-throat expression, who loitered slowly past him, his resolution was fast evaporating. ' If he is n't here in five minutes more,* he muttered, * I 'm off.' To employ his thoughts during that interval, he very devoutly struck 266 The Quod Correspondence. [March, into a hymn, which considering all circumstances, he was delivering with a great fervor, when a gruff voice exclaimed in his ear : ' What yer raisin' such a row about ? If there is a land of pure de- light, where saints infernal dwell, as you 're tellin' all this 'ere neigb> borhood, this ain't it.' ' Is it you, Mr. Rawley ? ' inquired Aaron, a little tremulously. * To be sure it is ; and you — you 're the rummest man of your years I ever did see. Here 's this 'ere animal,' said he, pointing to his dog, ' has been a wantin' to walk into your mutton ever since we turned the corner. He hates melancholy tunes, and supposed you wanted to pick a quarrel with him.* * It is a lonely spot, and a savage,' replied Aaron gravely. * Pshaw ! come along 1 There ain't much danger when you *ve got him with you ; ' and Mr. Rawley nodded his head toward Wommut as he spoke. Without farther remark, he turned on his heel, and walked rapidlj on, (followed by his dog and Aaron, who took especial care to keep un- der the wing of so valiant a protector,) until he had crossed Broadway, and found himself in front of a large house in the neighborhood oif Hudson-Square. Here he stopped. * You wait here till I call you,* said he. He ascended the steps, rang the door-bell violently, and in a few moments was ushered into a richly-furnished room. At a table sat Mr. Fisk engaged in writing. A number of papers were unfolded in front of him ; and one or two law-books were lying open, as if he had just been referring to them. He looked up as Mr. Rawley entered, but did not speak or rise. Mr. Rawley deliberately walked to the table, laid his cane on it, and wiping his forehead with a cotton handkerchief which he drew from his hat, said : * I 've brung the indiwidooal.' * Who ? ' demanded Mr. Fisk. * Him — the widder's man — the one we was arter." ' Where is he ? ' * In the street. You need 'nt call him till you want him.* * I want him now ; beside, he might get tired and go off.' There was something so ludicrous in the idea of Aaron's going oS^ that Mr. Rawley shut his eyes, and compressing his lips, indulged him- self in a fit of violent internal laughter, which threatened to shake him to pieces, and caused his stomach to quiver and undulate like a large jelly. When he had partly recovered, he said : * Bless your soul ! He go\ He can 't ! When I came in, I tipped Wommut a wink ; that was enough. Let him go off arter that, that *s all. If he does, he '11 leave a pound of man's flesh in the keeping of that there waluable animal.' And here Mr. Rawley was attacked by another violent fit of merriment. * There ain't a constable/ he con- tinued * nor deputy-sheriff like him for hanging on. A bone won't buy him off. He settles all the quarrels between me and my customers, and seems to take a pride in it.' Mr. Fisk then told him that as it was growing late, and it would be 1842.] T%e QMod Cmn^fmdmce. 967 ^ ^ better to introdoce Aaron at once. Whereupon Mr« Rawlej Taniahady and in a few minutes returned, followed by the man-aerrant and Wom- mut The latter walked stiffly across the room, and seated himself on the rug directly in front of the fire, while Aaron paused at the door, Mr. Fisk tc^d him to come in, and to take a chair, which he did ; and haying perched himself in a very uncomfortable position on the extreme edge of it, attempted to look about him with an air of total unconcern, in which he signally failed. Mr. Rawley.in the mean time betook him- self to a long arm-chair, planted the end of his cane firmly on the floor, and clasping both hands over the head of it, rested his chin on them, and rolled his eyes from Aaron to the lawyer with a look of keen and cunning interest. Mr. Fisk, afler a few casual remarks, during which Aaron so far re- covered his composure as to seat himself comfortably, asked if he was acquainted with one George Wilkins. ' Of course I am,' replied Aaron, confidently : ' have n't I let him in at the widder's twice a week reg'lar, except the two months he was away at the South 1 ' Mr. Fisk made a memorandum on a piece of paper in front of him. * Now Aaron,' said he, ' I want you to answer, as accurately as if you were under oath, all that I shall ask. You know my object, I suppose f * This gen'leman,' said Aaron, pointing toward Mr. Rawley, ' says rm 're to prevent that Wilkins from marrying Mrs. Dow, the widder. want the same thing too.' Mr. Fisk looked at Mr. Rawley, who was going through a series of the most extraordinary contortions of countenance, for the purpose of nving him a hint to confirm the story which he had fabricated, to en- Ust Aaron in their interest Then without paying the slightest atten- tion to the extraordinary performance, he said : ' Such was not our purpose ; although, if we succeed, Wilkins will have something else to do than to persecute your mistress with his at- tentions ; and may find his motions somewhat less at his own command than they have hitherto been.' Aaron looked earnestly at him, and then uttered with an interrogatory jerk of the head the single word ' Penitentiary ? ' Mr. Fisk nodded. ' Go on, Sir — go on ! ' exclaimed the other, rubbing his hands vio- lently, and giving several other peculiar indications of intense satisfac- tion. * I 'm ready.' * Well then,' said the lawyer, ' to save time, confine your answers strictly to the questions I shall ask. You mentioned that you knew this WUkins ? ' * I do,' replied Aaron laconically. ' What kind of a man is he ! ' ' Tall man, black hair and whiskers ; owdacious and rascally ; bad cut to his eye.' * Wounded in the eye ? ' inquired Mr. Fisk. Aaron stared at him, as if he did not understand. * You said he was cut in the eye,' repeated the lawyer. * I did n't,' replied Aaron, energetically. * I said the cut of his eye was bad.' 268 Tlie Quod Correspondence. [March, « Here Mr. Rawley laughed so prodigiously, that he was attacked with a violent fit of coughing ; whereupon Wommut rose, and walked lei- surely around the table, to see if any thing was required in his line. Finding that there was not, he returned to the rug, where he remained the rest of the evening, winking and blinking, with his nose so close to the fire that he could not keep his eyes open. When Mr. Rawley became somewhat composed, Mr. Fisk went od with his inquiries. * When did Wilkins go to the South ? ' * In the end of July last.' ' Ah ! that 's important. You 're sure of that ? ' said the lawyer, with some animation. * I Ml swear to it,* replied Aaron, resolutely. ' When did he come back ? ' ' In the middle of September. I can tell the very day when I get home. I made a note of it.' Mr. Fisk rubbed his hands with an appearance of still greater ani- mation. * Are you sure he did not return before that ? ' * I am,' replied Aaron ; ' but he wrote reg'lar. His letters was n't post-paid nuther.' ' How do you know he wrote them ? ' Aaron, acting upon the well-known principle of law that no one is obliged to criminate himself, remained silent. Mr. Fisk saw the dilemma, and inquired what they contained. * Love, of the sweetest mixtur'.' * Could you get one of them ? ' 'It can't be did,' replied the other, with the decided manner of one who felt confident of what he asserted ; * it 's totally onpossible. They 're under lock and key, in the red box with her best teeth, and she keeps the key herself. Them letters was of the urgentest kind,' said he, with increasing animation ; ' they was alarming in their natur' ; and what 's to be did, must be did soon ; for it 's not onpossible that the widdcr might elope with him if it 's put oE She 's getting dreadful desp'rate.' ' No fear of that ! ' replied Mr. Fisk. * If she is ready Wilkins is not. He 's married already, and will not risk taking a second wife un- till he gets rid of the first.' The man-servant rose erect, his hair bristling nearly as straight up as himself, as he exclaimed : * Married ! Got a wife ! ' The lawyer nodded. Aaron gave a rapid flourish of the right leg, intended for a caper, snapped his fingers, uttered a loud laugh which terminated in a whis- tle, and then suddenly recollecting where he was, stopped short, and looked earnestly at the opposite wall, as if he had just made some important discovery in that quarter. Mr. Fisk waited until this violent effervescence had in a measare subsided, and then said : ' I wish you to remember that this conversa- tion is strictly confidential ; and that whatever you may learn from oith(T Mr. Rawley or myself respectin«T Wilkins or his associatCfi is not l] Ah! Came to Me. s communicated to any one, and least of all to Mrs. Dow. It is or intention that he shall escape us, or be enabled to carry out bis IDS against your mistress or any other person; but in order to « success, we must be secret ; for if our plans are discovered « they are ripe, they will be frustrated.' iron promised the required secrecy ; and a long conversation then red between him and the lawyer, in which the latter learned much tcting the habits and character of Wilkins ; though but little as to 3f his companion Higgs, of whom Aaron had never even heard, tgh however had been elicited to satisfy Mr. Fisk that he had ned a clue which would enable Miss Crawford to contend success- against the will, and to throw upon it a suspicion of forgery, which lagined it impossible that they could remove. ler making several notes and memoranda, he threw down his pen the air of a man satisfied with his work, and told Aaron that he dered his information of much importance, and appointed a time lich to sec him again. He then thanked him for the trouble he 4dcen ; and said that he would not detain him any longer. Aaron rstood this as a hint to go about his business ; so he took up his ind being again assured that his mistress should come to no harm, ODce more enjoined to secrecy, he departed, after lingering for a ent, in the hope that Mr. Rawley would offer to accompany him. gentleman however made no motion of the kind ; so he set out i. His way was through streets dimly lighted, traversing a part of dty notorious for crime and midnight violence. Stealing along a thief, now muttering a prayer, now an exclamation of terror, low startled at the sound of his own footsteps as they echoed on the pavement, he at last reached the door of his home. Cautiously iking it, and closing it noiselessly, he stole up stairs and crept into where his heavy breathing soon indicated that for the present he It rest. AH, COME TO ME. In deep and utter loneliness, In the very earnest wretchedness Of sorrow and heart-weariness, I call on thee : Ah ! come to me, Mary. The hours that once flew swiftly by, Too swifl indeed when thou wast nigh, Now labor onward heavily: How heavily ! Ah ! come to me, Mary. Come, let me yield me to thy spell. For oh ! I love — how truly well These quivering lips, these hot tears tell, Couldst thou but see : Ah ! come to me, Mary. Come with Ihy smile of other days. Come with thy gentle, winning ways, Come with thy gloom-dispelling rays ! I yearn for thee : Ah ! come to me, Mary. ii. Z1X. 35 LITERARY NOTICES. God the Guardian of the Poor, and the Bank of Faith : or a Display of the Providences of God which have at sundry times attended the Author. In one volume. 8vo. pp. 350. Lowell, (Mass.) P. D. and T. S. Edmahds. BoiIm: SaXTON AAD PlKRCE. < William Huntington, S. S., Minister of the Gospel at Providence Chipelt Little Titchfield-street and at Monkwcll-street Meeting/ London, and tbe istboc of the volume whose title is given above, is one of that class of grroaning tai garrulous gentlr^men of whom Sidney Smith wrote; one of those didactic artiMiii who through indolence and impudence come at last to be denominated *fMpel preachers and vital clergymen,' and who go itinerating about, practically to set forth how narrow is the interval between a church and a lunatic asylum. Havinf tried the business of coal-heaving, with other intellectual avocations, indadinf cobbling, our Jack-at-all-trades being at conventicle, is seixed with ' a call 'u he conceives thenceforth to *■ dispense the word.' We accordingly soon find hiflu assiduously engaged in his new avocation ; itinerating, preaching, and begging; n short a clerical Jkrkmy Diddlkr, infinitely more accomplished in his art than hie great prototype ; fancying, moreover, that the ALMiaiiTr has an espttaal eye upon hisU*mporal wants ; lookingafler his wardrobe, and securing him little convenience! of various sorts, which he had previously intimated he would be very glad to obtain. At one time we find him * greatly in need of a parsonic livery ;' and hav- ing prayed for a new suit of clothes, he tells us : " A few i]ay« af\cr tliis T won dvfliroil to call at a fentlemanV houM near London. Indeed h htl brrn iinpr<>Hi«(!d un my niinil for six wo(>kii hoforo, that God would use that (pjnlleman as an infllnmMt to fiiriiisli mo with my nv.xl ouit. And 80 it fell out : for, when I called on him, upon leaving hi* ho«M he w(>nt a littl<> way with mo ; and whil<! we wnro on the road he Raid, * I think you want a rail of clothf!*.' r arixw(>r'Ml, < Yen, Sir, I do ; and I know a poor man that would be very clad of thii wbick I have on, if my MiHi«r would turiiiMh me with another.' When we pnrtikl he ueiiirod me to call oa him tlu- next morning, which I aroordinj^ly did ; when ho sent a tailor into the rooin, and genenMtlf told me to ho moiisured for what riothes I chose, and a ^oat-roat alflo. When I ^ot tbaarWfl fumirthed the poor mm with mv oil suit. This wan the fourth <iuit of apparel that my Master five me in thin providcnti il manner, %n iinswiT to the prayer of fuith. Thu« CSod, who kept larael'i clethei from waxing old, tliough in constant unc for forty yearn, gave me a new suit every year." We next find our reverend coal-heaver complaining that travelling on foot firom pillar to post, preaching twenty or thirty * sermons* a week, is no joke; and be adds, reasonably enough : " Finding myself wholly unable to perform oil hii labor, I went to prayer, and beaoo^t Ood togire me more strength, less work, and a horse. I used my proffera mm goaaen uo their MriMb/ toning lAUranf Noikei, 371 than ewry way at tlM ▼arlow esMi fe^tarad. I thaa kind « hoiM to rids to town | Md, wkoo I nme there, went to pot him op at Mr. Jncluoa*! Uverjr-etables, near tho diapol» io Margaiot ftnet} lot tho oatler told ne they had not room to fake him in. I asked irhb naater waa in tlie yard. Ho aaid,ye«. I desired to aee him ; and hu told me he coold not take tlie borae in* I waa then foiof oot of the yard, when be stepped after me, and askod if I was the person that preached at Margaret-street chapel. I told him I was. He burst into tears, saying he wonlJ sand one of his own boraea oat wid taike mine in ; and informed me of his coming one night to hear me out of curiosity, because he hod Wen ioformod that I h.ul been a eo il-heaver. He said that some of my ftiends baa been gntherlof Money to buy me a horse, and that he gdve something toward him. Directly after I found tho bono was Iwo^ht and paid for ; and one person gave me a guinea to buy a bridle, another save me two vfaipo, a third gave me some things necessary for the stable, another trusted me for a sadcRe ; aod liero was ai full answer to my prayer, tio I mounted my horse and rode home ; and he turned out as good •n animal as ever was rode. And they shall be upon Aaron and upon his sons when they come into the taberna<s|o of the contrma- tioo, or when they come near unto the altar to minister in the holy place ; that they boar not iniquty lod dlo. It shall be a statute forever unto bim and his seed after him.' . • . * When I came to LsodoQ I called on Mr. Croucher, a shoe-maker in Shepherd's Market, who told me a parcel was left thaio for me, but what it was he knew not. I opened it, aod behold there was a pair of isotkar bmehtt wiik m. note m thom ! — the substance of which was, to the best of my remembrance, as follows : * * Sim : I have sent yon a pair (^ breeches, and hope they wil I fit. I beg youf acceptance of them j Md, if thoT want any alteration, leave in a note what the alteration is, and I will eul in a few days ud alter tnem. i. s.> ** I tried them on, and they fitted as well as if I had been measured for them ; at which I was amaied, horhif never been measured by any leather-breeches maker in London. I wrote an answer to tho note Io this effoct : ** * Si s : I received your present, and thank you for it. I was going to order a pair of leather breechet to be m%dej because I did not know till now that my Master had bespoke them of you. They fit very well, which fully convinces me, that the same God who moved thy heart to give, guided thy hand to evt ; because he perfectly knows my size, having clothed mo in a miraculous manner tor near five years. When yon are in trouble^ Sir, I hope you will tell my Master of this, and what you have done for me, and he will repay you with honor.' " Maw WORM, in the play of the 'Hypocrite,* and the Rev. Mr. Stiggiks, one of Dickens' striking creations, have been thought to be caricatures; but the * exp?ri- ences* of such prelates as Mr. Huntington would seem to establish the identity of their class beyond all gainsaying. But let us present one more * remarkable provi- dence : ' " Another year having rolled over my head, I began to look about for my livery ; for I always took ears to let my most propitious Master know when my year was out. And indeed I wanted it bad enoo^h, for ridinfon noroebnck soiled my clothes much more than walking did. • • • At length I waa kktotmed by Mr. byrchmore that a gentleman in Wells-street wanted to see me. Accordinsly I went j and was admitted mto the pirlor to the gentleman and his spouse. He wept, and begged f would not be ani^ry at whit he wis going to relate ; which was, that he had for some time desired to make me a present of a tuit of clotht>9, but was afraid that I should bo offended at his offer, and refuse it. * Ah ! ' sa3rs Envy, * there need be no fear of that, for Methodist parsons are all for what they can get.' It is true ; for* we are commanded to * covet earnestly the best things ; ' and so we do, and expect a double reward of tho Lord — one in this world, the other in the next. And this is no more than our Master has promised to give us ; for wo are to *■ receive an hundred fold in this world, and in the world to come, life everlasting.' I told the good man that I had been for some time exoecting a suit of clothes, but koew not bow to procure them. They both wept for joy upon my accepting them, and I wept for joy that they give them so freely. He lacks the candor of the Indian missionary at Catawba, who received ten dollari a month for preaching to his red brethren at two ' stations,' and who, in answer to the remark of a profane layman that 'that was d — d poor pay,' said : 'Yes; bat d — d poor preach too ! ' It is certain that Mr. Huntington's manner was not of the most polished description. lie himself tells us: ' Being a native of the Wild of Kent, which is none of the most polite parts of the world, I retained a good deal of my provincial dialect ; and many of my expressions, to the ears of a grammirian, sounded very harsh and uncouth. This circumstance caused many nnsanctified critics to laugh and cavil at me. But, when God permitted me to drop promitca- ously into company with any of those who were so very learned, and they began to pour contempt on some of my expressions, I generally found them very deficient in the work of the Spirit on their own souls.* It is to be feared also that his habiti were slightly lax, especially in the matter of tem|)erance. The beer he lelli n« which he drank for some years together, 'brought him at one time so low that he was compelled to gird his stomach with a handkerchief as tight as he could bear it, in ord(>r to gather strength to enable him to deliver three discourses a day ! ' At length he ' got so weak and low, that a pint of good beer rendered him incapable of walking steady,' and he could no lunger gird up his loins and address himself iohif great task. HowlMMt, leaving off beer, he finally recovers; and soon afler appean as an amateur gardener; addmg to his professional gains by secular labors and ^ home vegetables.' His new recreation had probably been suggested b^ looking over llie religious advertisements of his sect, mentioned by the Edinburgh reviewer: ' Wanted, a man to take charge of a carriage, and a pair of horses of a religioos turn of mind ; ' ' Wanted, a pious gardener, to take charge of a charity garden ; pleasant employ numt, and small wages,' etc. Apropos of this. The volume before us is from the seventh London edition ; and our readers wiff pcrhnps fmd in this fact an excuse for devoting thus much of our space to its dis- cussion. The ignorance, impudence, vain-gloriousness, and hypccriiy of the author, we would fain hope, will find fewer admirers in this country. Such books and rach divines bring religion into contempt; and that which might have its periect work if rightly dispensed, becomes a mockery and a by-word. The volume was written 'to get a little money,' ' God's hand having been quite shut up for some time,' and the author suffering at the same period, as he informs us, with his usual infir- mity, ' gout in the pocket.' He ' wrote the work off hand,' and doubted not the Almighty would cau.se it to turn out a very fair speculation! What wretched profanity and self-delusion ! 1842.] Liiirary Notices. 378 BkXTCHES op NxW-EnOLAND, or MBMORIXi OF THE CoUlfTRT. By JoHir CAmTSBf Esquire, Jastice of the Peace and Quorum. In one volume, pp. 3B6. JNew- Tork : £. Fksmch, Fulton-Btreet. We haye already announced the volume before ua, and informed our readen that wveral of its divisions had heretofore appeared in the Kiiicxerbocxse, under the leneral title of * Sketches of the Country.* These pictures of New-£nf land are dedi- cated to * Yankee absentees, than whom none better know that * Home is home, though never so homely.* The author is evidently devotedly attached to Yankee- Imd. He was bom, he tells us, on the banks of one of her beautiful rivers, and vas nurtured among her mountains. He boasts his descent * direct from one of those stem old Puritans who chartered the Mayflower, and much of his childhood was spent on the very homestead where the gooa man pitched his tent and cleared kb land. Like many of her sons indeed, he has in riper years wandered over nmdzy parts of the world, and has seen and known much of its excellence and beauty ; but he has always returned to the * rude and rocky shore * of New-England, with new love for her homes and her institutions — new respect for her hardy sons. He n willing to confess that all his predilections are for New-England ; that although ^ Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, are better than all * her streams, he loves them not as well ; that he would live upon her barren soil, and die there among hts kmdred.' The writer assures his readers that his description of manners is of what he has seen J and his delineations of character are of those who have been his neigh- bors and acquaintances. Hence we can well believe with him, that * there aie msoy whose memories will bear testimony to the faithfulness with which be has endeavored to transfer to paper an outline of the beautiful scenery which is spread •n over the hill-sides and river banks, and rich cultivated meadows of New-England ; and not a few will follow him through her homesteads and into her cottages with the awakened feelings of a glad and hardy boyhood.* The readers of the Knickerbocker being familiar with the characteristics of our author's style, we proceed without comment to one or two extracts from 'The Vil- lage,* a sketch as we infer of the writer's native place. The whole reminds us of an admirable article written for these pages by Miss Sedgwick, entitled * Omr Burial' PI ace.* Each is a reminiscence of departed friends : ** I mu<t not forget ^rood Deacon B , the spiritual father of oar IiiTael ! He wai the consarTStor tfthf* rhurrh, ilic korpcr of tho flork, the thpphcrd of the little ones, the right-hand man of the pastor. Good old Deacon B ! Light lie the earth upou his anhes ! Methinkn laee him now, hb frajr brad raised nbove the people at the evening ronferemre, his tremhlini; hands folded befbre him, pleadinf •ameAtly with hin (rod for npiritunl blessings to descend on the Zion he so dearly loved. He lived for Christ, and died ait he hnd lived. On the day of his death, as ho snt calm, unmoved, ebeetftil, smoking hu pips Jind dwelling on th(> soodnt'ss of his Saviour, his constant theme, his daughter said, * What message !ih til I give to the children, father, when I see them ? ' ** ' Toll ihem,' said the good old saint, * in the words of mv blessed Master, that bavinf loved my own that are in the world, (have loved them unto the end.' And so, full of days, peaceful, tmsting, he went to his grave, as a shock of corn fully ripe cometh in, in its season." From a very graphic sketch of the village doctor we segregate the annexed plea- sant anecdote : ** Dr. Biddle was no contenoptible humorist ; and his jokes, poor man ! are still remembered by his townsmen, and repeated far oftener than his wonderful cures. At a social supper one evening, when all the family were present, and merriment and good humor had prevailed, Dr. Biddle, who was some- what of a proser over his cups, had wearied the company with a long storv of a child, and patient of ht«, having l>een gazetted as dead in the county newspaper, two days before its decease took place. * What did they mean ? How in Heaven's name could they Know, two days beforehand, that the ehiM woold die ! ' * Well enough,' says Dr. Biddle. * How so / * replied the other ; * from the nature of thft diMaM ? > * No, no ! ' dryly responded Biddie 3 * but from the BStare of the pkfskkm!* " 274 Literary Notices, The following incident in the life of the good old minister of P ia not rtie in the history of many of the patriotic divines of his day : " His early intrront in bcliiilf of tho struggllnw colonini for thoir iiidepjpmlcnre, and hii own iirtiv« cxertionn in th<! ?o<)il c.uhc, will not In- «oon f'orgotUMi. Ho marched with the recruits*, who ha*tily enlisted whrn Bursoyno wan on Win r ipid m.irch from iho Ciinaduii, encouru^d them bv hi« ekKiuviiif aiid example, cheerfully endured their fatigues and hardtihifM ai a common noldier, and took an ac ti«* part in tli.it enj,':ig»'nn'nt which brought Huoh glorv to tho Ameiiean aimi. It i« related of him, thtf on aniving in sight of the Uritixh army, with his charaoteristir enthuviapm and fearlcMnesa of dxn)[!»r, ho mounted a stump and called out with his stentorian voice. * In tho name of God and the UonliiH'ntal Congress, I rommuiid you to liv down your arnirt.' A hundred balls came whwtlinj^ at oner throock the air around the veteran, who, waving bis hand with tuidaunted defiance, quietly diamouDted fn* his dangerous position, and fell back into the lines." In the sketch of the village of P we have this picture of a * brave old elm* which stands in its centre-park : " Beneath it tho boys play their games of cricket and bass, and have played then an hundred fw** tho awain whispers there hm sott tule to the ruddy rheeked Inss he loves ; the school-girls circle round It, in their 8ot\ toned merriment ; Fourth-of-July brings to it crowds of mimk, itoisc-lovinf hfiMi, whoso shot^, and brui'«es, and unceasing crackings, the Old Tree, dressed in gay pennons and w«Tin| flags, receives upon his rouirh sides, like a hearty, halo veteran, as he is. The Life of the Countess Emily Plater. Translated by J. K. SalosovsiIi a Polish Exile. In one volume, pp. 2^. New- York: John F. Trow. This interesting volume records one of the most prominent among the nany instances of devotedneHs and patriotism to which the late Polish revolution g4V« birth. The name of Emily Plater, says our author, * excites a thrilling emotioD in every heart which is not insensible to feelings of honor and patriotism.* Bhe wM a young and lovely lady, of high birth, who served as a soldier in the natioiMl struggle, and died while yet in her prime, in the service of her unhappy coantry. The author, who was connected with the brave and beautiful countess by old ftmily ties ; was proprietor of an estate in the neighborhood of her own, and her co«- panion in arms on the plains of Lithuania; has followed his heroine throagb her whole career. Having Ix'on made the confidant of her thoughts as well at a shun in her dangers, the writer may well claim that her whole life is known to him. 'When proscribed,' says he, * and, cast on the Prussian soil, I was compelled to seek an asylum in France, I lost sight of Emily Plater. Then, overcome by her continued fatigues, she was approaching her end. At the early age of twenty-fiZf she paid the forfeit to which the dreams of her ardent and almost sapcraatnitl enthusiasm had exposed her. But the particulars of her death have reached me. I have received letters dated from her sick chamber, and liave personally questioned those who closed her eyes.* The reader w^ill perceive that our author was in the outset in possession of all the materials necessary for a full biographical sketch of his noble heroine ; and they will find, on perusing his work, that he has made a good use of them. We are continually reminded, in perusing the spirit-stirring appetli and gallant deeds of the noble girl, of her great female prototype, Joaii or Am; and if our readers desire to enjoy a kindred picture of single-minded, devoted hero- ism, let them peruse the records contained in the latter half of this beautiful Tolane. Then let them turn to the mild, sweet face in the beginning, and ask whether with such hearts Poland bhould not have been free. EDITOR'S TABLE. Av ABTifTicAL Lkttxr.-* Dropping in the other eTening upon an old and ftvorite correspondent, partly for the pnrpoa^ of pleasant gossip, and partly to * flesh our maiden spoon' in a tureen of authentic and savory tkowder^ we foond hiin engaged in perusing a long epistle which he had just written he said to«ii artist-friend of his, and which he added he would read to us, if haply it might prove to our edification. It vaa edifying ; insomuch that we begged permission to rob his eorrespondent of its perusal until he should encounter it in these pages * in all the dignity of type.* Looking fondly at his new portrait, which has an imUrior look, as if the living, thinking original had himself stepped into the frame, he 'with iMwilling willingness gave a faint consent ' to our request ; and the following is the nsnlt. — I LITTFR T(5 W. PA.02, ARTIST; *■ Sir : Accerding to your wish, I will recount to you the opinions of my house- hold on your picture. But I must confess that I could not at first understand why yoo were anxious to know the judgments of those who (as I thought) were the most anfit persons in the world to give an intelligent opinion as to the merits of a por- trait Subsequent observation however has convinced me that a man's * wife and weans ' are the most competent judges in such a matter ; upon the same principle that the birds which pecked at the painted cherries, and the bees that would not slight on muslin flowers were the most exquisite critics of their day, although they were as ignorant of the rules of art as birds and bees are now. ' It was Christmas eve, and 1 had promised Mrs. F. a present ; but as I wanted to enjoy her surprise, I would not tell her what it was to be ; consequently when I reached home I found her in quite a feverish condition ; but I pretended not to notice it, and told John, in a careless and unconcerned manner, to take the box into the back parlor and bring me the key of the door. The Christmas-tree for the children was in the beck parlor ; and you may be sure that my wife's face was not the only one that looked a little flushed when wc sat down to tea. Every thing went wrong at the table, and nobody was suited. One had too much milk, and another too little; C. eom plained that his tea was too strong, while his sister got nothing but water. It very evident that the presiding officer was disconcerted ; and 1 began to grow 276 Editor's Table. [March, apprehensive that I had carried the joke a trifle too far; but I preserved the moit perfect s(>If-pnss<>8sionf and regarded the anxious looks of my wife and children witk the air of a juryman about to pronounce judgment upon a trembling culprit. * When at last the ceremony of tea-drinking was over, I proceeded leisurely to the back parlor, previously requesting Mrs F., when she heard a rap on the floor, to come in witli all the children and the servants. While John and myself were engaged in hanging the picture, we heard a good many feet creeping stealthily past the door, and once I thought I could hear some body breathing at the key-hole ; but as my wife solemnly averred that she did not move from the tea-room until I gave the signal agreed upon, I must acquit her of any undue curiosity, although I am not sure that she did not commission her sister to try to get a peep at the *• present' When the picture was properly hung, and the candles on the Christmas-tree all liglited, John threw open the folding-doors, and in rushed the children with a joyous shout, the cook and chamber-maid, my wife's motlier and sister, and last of all, my wife. It was a great exercise of virtue in her to bring up the rear; and knowing what it had cost her, I could not but reproach myself for having tried her so severely. The Christmas-tree with its bright lights and trinkets attracted the first looks ; bat the portrait soon caught their attention ; and then such a clapping of hands followed as sometimes welcomes a favorite orator at a public meeting. They all declared with one voice tliat it was * first-rate.' My wife said at first that it was worths thousand dollars ; but after looking at it a short time longer, she declared that ten thousand dollars would not tempt her to part with it. This was a high complimeBt to both you and me ; and I do not know but that it might have been carried to a much greater extent, had I not in the excitement of the moment clasped her to my breast and kissed off a tear that I saw trickling down her cheek. This slight diTe^ tide caused something of a sensation among the children. * Order however was soon restored, and tliey all began to deliver their opinioDf. Wife's motlier declared with an earnestness that lefl no doubt of her sincerity,thit it was *■ the completest pictur' she had seen since she first breathed the breath of life,' a period of time supposed to include about seventy years, although nothiii| certain is known on the subject, she having with the ingenuousness of a young giri of thirty torn the leaf out of the family Bible in which the date of her birth wai recorded. T^ittle Mary, my pet of all the little ones, merely said * Oh that *s papa!' and then looking at me, she added : * And here 's my papa ! ' It was clearly a ponk to her how I could be in two places at once. But she was not philosopher enough to doubt the evidence of her eyes. She saw an impossible fact, and was willing to be|ieTe it, although she knew it could not be true. The cook gave a decided opinion at the first glance: *• Well now, I declare if that aint the Governor himself! Sure an' it is ! Upon my sowl, Mr. F., he has done you to a turn ! Only look at the month! It is all ready to eat something. Upon my conscience, Mr. F., I don't believe the Lord-lefliniant of Ireland was ever served up better nor that Indeed I do n*t.' This was extravagant praise, considering whence it came ; for Mrs. Dougherty if fully alive to tlie sentiment that* fine words butter no parsneps,' and she has never been famous for using them too lavishly. Ellen, the chamber-maid, being asked how she liked the picture, replied that * it was no picture at all ; it was life.* This was a very satisfactory reply, and it convinced me that Ellen was not always a chamber-maid ; an opinion that I have long held. I cannot say that she has tren better days, for she seems entirely happy , as well she may, having a quiet honei light work, and good wages. ' The boys, rogues that they are, said a good many things to each other in an iSiS.] Editor's Tabk. VTt mder tone, that caiued no small merriment among^ themselvet ; but each one declared m torn that some particular feature was the best; so that the ejes and mouth and lote each found an advocate, which satisfied me that neither was exaggerated. My nfe*8 sister, w^o has recently returned Irom Boston with a slight tinge of transcen- lentalism, was the last to give an opinion. She thought that'the finest part of the lietiire was the soul. This caused every one to look with a closer semtiny than nfere. Unlike other portraits that she had seen, the spirituality of the subject was ■ote apparent than the paint ; she did not know why or how it was, but there was I foality of life about it that seemed to sympathize with her. She knew that it was m illusion, and she was trying to detect the art ^y which it was produced, but she wold not. She could now realize something of the enthusiasm of those who had Mtt and knew how to appreciate the great works of the great masters. Here was Iw grand efiect of art that she had often sighed for but had never seen before. It vas like reading a fine poem, or as she expressed it, a tru* poem, when the spirit of Iw poet infuses itself into the reader without a consciousness on his part whether t be conveyed in blank verse or rhyme. And what surprised her more than all las, that the longer she looked the more perfect the illusion grew; and instead of feteeting the art which produced it she lost sight of it altogether; and at last she legfed me to speak, that she might know which was the picture. She would not rast herself alone in the room with it, lest she might be tempted to scratch it, to (OBTince herself that there was not life beneath the surface. As I have had some Akmnding experience in regard to female curiosity, I have determined to carry the my of the back parlor in my pocket until my wife's sister goes home. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'knickerbockeror25unkngoog_23', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1833.0', 'title': 'The Knickerbocker or, New York monthly magazine', 'creator': 'Charles Fenno Hoffman, Lewis Gaylord Clark, Timothy Flint, Kinahan Cornwallis, John Holmes Agnew, Washington Irving', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '8175', 'token_count': '11087', '__index_level_0__': '39535', 'original_id': 'fc375a856db3d645d03d3f24bb10fb733a58861f838558afc22c4bf8be590c6d'} |
(HealthDay News) -- The lungs are delicate organs that are sensitive to environmental factors such as germs and tobacco smoke, the American Lung Association says.
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• Brush your teeth at least twice daily, and get a dental checkup every six months to help keep germs in the mouth from causing infections.
• Get a flu vaccine every year.
• Stay home and away from family members when you're sick. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9604544639587402}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '80619', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XIN3FQQI66BXN2PWXZNCWWKKPFCNMGTK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:09ba875c-ba04-47b1-970a-496311ea412e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 10, 5, 35, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '205.167.182.72', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:X77QW3PMUFSP6VPCAJOLRWSXMCADAFKK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f417eb9-7bcd-43f9-a792-f7ff4ecfb501>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.wkhs.com/Cancer/Education-Resources/News.aspx?chunkiid=655555', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d1c06182-deb2-47c3-b813-a1265f9cfb13>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '112', 'url': 'http://www.wkhs.com/Cancer/Education-Resources/News.aspx?chunkiid=655555', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04320472478866577', 'original_id': 'f787bc11654293d641511c6c134bb3de4f94455fc5d614f037ae991beb8eb1cf'} |
In general, a high-functional cosmetic such as essence, eye cream, anti-aging agent, anti-wrinkle agent is highly expensive and accommodated in a compact cosmetic container.
This cosmetic container simply includes a main container and a cap such that a user opens the cap closing an opening of the main container to discharge and apply the cosmetic on a desired spot on the skin. However, it is difficult for a user to control the discharged amount of the cosmetic and the expensive cosmetic as much as stained on hands is wasted.
On this account, a spouting-type cosmetic container has been developed such that a user may extract a desired amount of cosmetic with a pipette (Spuit) to apply the extracted cosmetic to a desired spot on the skin.
An existing spouting-type cosmetic container 10, as illustrated in FIG. 1, includes a main container 20 accommodating cosmetic therein and a cap unit 30 closing an opening 21 of the main container 20 and being associated with a pipette tube 33 to suction/discharging the cosmetic accommodated in the main container 20.
The main container 20 has male threads 21a formed around the outer circumference of the opening 21 for the screw-coupling with the cap unit 30.
The cap unit 30 includes a pipette tube (Spuit) 33 going in and out the main container 20 through the opening 21, a push button 35, and an elastic member 37 provided at the lower side of the push button 35.
However, the existing spouting-type cosmetic container 10 is inconvenient to use because a user couples the cap unit 30 to the main container 20 and separates the push button 35 from the main container 20 by pushing and rotating the push button 35 once. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '338e28db808d4b7a03ecde44dd6b3a87bd53774d661aea6f0b447d7a5f459044'} |
Q:
Libgdx Sound | setPitch causes Sound object to stop playing/making noise
I have a Sound object that calls setPitch(id, 1.0f). For some reason, on most devices this seems to work and sound perfect (I realize that 1.0f is normal). But on the galaxy note 3, it makes an ugly deep sound, then the Sound object no longer makes any sounds after calling play method again (I play the Sound object every time player gets point). Setting pitch is necessary because I use the same Sound object for other parts of my game. I will link my code below, but I feel as though this may be a libgdx glitch/hardware problem. Thanks!
if (contact.getFixtureA().getFilterData().categoryBits == Config.CATEGORYBIT_BONUS) {
final BonusFixtureUserData userData = (BonusFixtureUserData) contact.getFixtureA().getUserData();
if (userData.bonus.scorable) {
long id = AudioManager.getAudioManager().playSound(AudioManager.getAudioManager().bonusSound);
AudioManager.getAudioManager().bonusSound.setPitch(id, Config.pointSoundPitch * 2);
}
}
AudioManager class (below)
public class AudioManager {
private static AudioManager audioManager;
public Sound jumpSound, deathSound, pointSound, bonusSound;
public static AudioManager getAudioManager() {
if (audioManager == null) {
audioManager = new AudioManager();
}
return audioManager;
}
private float sound_volume, music_volume;
private AudioManager() {
sound_volume = 1f;
}
public void setAudio() {
deathSound = (Sound) Game.assetManager.get("sound/death.mp3");
jumpSound = (Sound) Game.assetManager.get("sound/tap.mp3");
pointSound = (Sound) Game.assetManager.get("sound/point.mp3");
bonusSound = (Sound) Game.assetManager.get("sound/point.mp3");
}
public long playSound(Sound sound) { //Returns soundID (Sound can play multiple times, soundID refers to which instance is playing)
long id = sound.play();
sound.setLooping(id, false);
sound.setVolume(id, sound_volume);
return id;
}
public static void dispose() {
audioManager = null;
}
}
Config.pointPitchSound is actually equal to between 1.0f and 1.07f throughout the game. When it is 1.0f, then it does the glitch. I haven't tried the other values, but I would asume they'd do the same.
A:
LibGDX audio implementation depends completely on Android. Sound.setPitch actually calls SoundPool.setRate Android documentation of setRate
Try to convert sounds to OGG format, it is known that SoundPool has issues with playing MP3 files on some devices.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '48edd835d15844e5deecfd75351e142a385871ca98ace9afda0e3a369a3e4305'} |
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Of course, he'd be a disaster. But the entertainment value of the post-election infighting would be brilliant. They'd tell so many tales on each other in the press that it would make Nigel Farage and Tim Farron look like global statesmen.
Edited July 31, 2015 by Wolford6
Under Scrutiny by the Right-On Thought Police
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Of course, he'd be a disaster. But the entertainment value of the post-election infighting would be brilliant. They'd tell so many tales on each other in the press that it would make Nigel Farage and Tim Farron look like global statesmen.
I'm not so sure. I don't agree with much that he says, but he comes across as just an ordinary guy. Not weird like Michael Foot or a geek like Miliband. I still think part of Miliband's problem, apart from his seeming inability to kill the Tories' economy lies, was his voice and delivery.
“Few thought him even a starter.There were many who thought themselves smarter. But he ended PM, CH and OM. An Earl and a Knight of the Garter.”
Clement Attlee.
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I'm not so sure. I don't agree with much that he says, but he comes across as just an ordinary guy. Not weird like Michael Foot or a geek like Miliband. I still think part of Miliband's problem, apart from his seeming inability to kill the Tories' economy lies, was his voice and delivery.
An ordinary guy whose grounds for divorcing his wife was a disagreement about which school their son should go to.
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An ordinary guy whose grounds for divorcing his wife was a disagreement about which school their son should go to.
Not too sure about that.
Yes I'm sure that newspaper story has the full details of the marriage. It's almost like we were in the room with them at the time.
With the best, thats a good bit of PR, though I would say the Bedford team, theres, like, you know, 13 blokes who can get together at the weekend to have a game together, which doesnt point to expansion of the game. Point, yeah go on!
We digress briefly to discuss George Galloway of the Respect Party. In March 2012, when Galloway won Bradford West in a by-election from Labour, Corbyn tweeted his support for his old friend even though he had defeated a Labour MP – but now he says they are no longer close. “No doubt George and I will come across each other somewhere . . . I thought the tactics he used against our candidate [Naz Shah, who won Bradford West back for Labour in May] were appalling. I was quite shocked; it was appalling.”
Does he fear the party could split if he won the leadership, especially as he would have to command the kind of loyalty from colleagues that he has never shown?
“Well, loyalty is about the party and the movement . . . if you want a better and more effective party, we’ve got to open ourselves up much more to our membership and our supporters. And that is what has happened in this election. It’s much more open than any previous contest . . . I think a lot of the people who have joined the party since the election – I’ve met a lot of them – are anti-austerity. They’re people who have joined to do something. Maybe they saw also that the other, very small left parties like Respect and Left Unity just didn’t get anywhere.”
Sadly, he doesn't go on to ponder why parties like Respect and Left Unity didn't get anywhere.
If you look at the current list of Constituency Labour Party nominations, although Corbyn is ahead, he's still only got 38% of the total number of CLPs who have made a nomination, and over 200 CLPs haven't bothered to nominate anyone because under the one-member-one-vote system the process is actually meaningless anyway. In addition, the CLP nominations are made by people who turn up to CLP meetings, which are a fraction of those entitled to vote.
It's also worth remembering that union endorsements don't carry quite the same weight they used to do. Union leaders can make decisions on who their organisations will back, but they cannot assume their members will follow them like sheep and vote the same way, even if they are encouraged to do so. After all, it's pretty clear not all union members even vote Labour these days, despite the leaders of those unions assuming they must.
As for the individual Labour Party membership, David Miliband won the majority of their support in 2010 and many of the tens of thousands of new members joined before Corbyn was on the ballot for the leadership, so their automatic support for Corbyn cannot be assumed.
The media talk may all be about Corbyn, but given most of the Fourth Estate would prefer a Corbyn leadership for the damage it would do to Labour's chances of winning an election, not for any positive reason, it's not hard to be cynical about their motives in giving his bandwagon a shove every now and then.
.
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http://labourlist.org/2015/07/post-referendum-slump-drove-labours-defeat-in-scotland/Labour’s appalling election showing in Scotland was driven by those who had supported independence leaving the party to vote for the SNP – and the Nationalists’ economic message helped strengthen their landslide in the final months. However, the new research carried out by the British Election Study (BES), found that Yes to Independence voters were likely to move from Labour to SNP regardless of their views on austerity.
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Ha ha ha just imagine having Corbyn as PM, Gorgeous George as Chancellor with Degsy Hatton & Bob Crow as their spin doctors - Priceless !
Boris as PM, Rees-Mogg as Education secretary, Tredinnick as Health, Pickles as Sport and Culture. Guido and Kelvin Mackenzie as spin doctors....
With the best, thats a good bit of PR, though I would say the Bedford team, theres, like, you know, 13 blokes who can get together at the weekend to have a game together, which doesnt point to expansion of the game. Point, yeah go on!
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http://labourlist.org/2015/07/post-referendum-slump-drove-labours-defeat-in-scotland/Labour’s appalling election showing in Scotland was driven by those who had supported independence leaving the party to vote for the SNP – and the Nationalists’ economic message helped strengthen their landslide in the final months. However, the new research carried out by the British Election Study (BES), found that Yes to Independence voters were likely to move from Labour to SNP regardless of their views on austerity.
The comments are revealing in particular :
Ian Robathan
a day ago
and nothing to do with the awful Blairite clique in Scotland that was out of touch and decided to join the Tories in a campaign was a 'good' idea ?
6 Reply
−
Leon Wolfeson Ian Robathan
a day ago
The entire problem was not holding basic principles - like campaigning for the Union - but not having enough of them, and taking the Scottish vote for granted!
The reality is that Corbyn can make an economic case which will benefit people across the Union. Mhari Black was correct, but in being correct she showed how the SNP can be outflanked, as they're only very mildly leftist in practice.
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Of course, he'd be a disaster. But the entertainment value of the post-election infighting would be brilliant. They'd tell so many tales on each other in the press that it would make Nigel Farage and Tim Farron look like global statesmen.
The thing is Jeremy Corbyn is in a time warp, he seems completely oblivious to militant Islamism in anything other than cold war anti American terms
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I did not say that. It is part of the quote. However the next quote maybe of more interest.
Ian Robathan to Leon Wolfeson
a day ago
It is worse than that, the Blairite elements in Scotland, like Harris, Murphy etc had totally messed up. They thought they could hold back the tide and no idea how hated they were. You only have to look at the sad performance of Kendall everywhere to realise it is time for them to stand down and for Progress to disband their time is past. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd90cbd30930eef78ca77c68e66f653ede6b87b1672aa06136b773d6f0f6d1661'} |
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Civil Aviation Forum
Why Isn't Southwest The Industry Model?
Posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 5 days 4 hours ago) and read 2960 times:
I am not referring just to low fares and no frills. I am talking about how you run the airline. Look at how they treat their employees. Like humans, not just numbers. I have read and heard time and time again that Southwest is one of the best places to work. It is not an overly authoritarian corporate culture. It also reflects in their customer service, which also is consistently ranked among the highest. And they are the airline with the consistently lowest turnover and highest profit margin. They have a proven formula for success.
So, why don't the other airlines operate this way? Why is it that in the face of this prosperity that so many other airlines are getting hit with potential and actual strikes so often?
Continental is the only other one I can think of that has gone from one extreme to the other. When Lorenzo was around, he ruled with an iron fist (as so many others do). It was a shitty airline that was in bankruptcy in both financial and employee/customer morale. Having a dictatorship management scheme was a failure. Then Bethune came along, and well...the rest is history....
So again.....
Why haven't the others followed? Are the egos in the airline world that big that they are blind to success? Is having power and control in the short term more important than conceding some of that power, and treating your workers with respect and making a killing financially in the long term?
Apparently it is.
67 replies: All unread, showing first 25:
Reply 1, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 5 days 3 hours ago) and read 2649 times:
This is a real good subject....thought-provoking.
My answer to the question is basically...all the other airlines think they are smarter than Southwest.
Southwest's product isn't radically different from the coach product on American or USAir or anyone else. A meal? On most 2 or 3 hr flights you might get something masquerading as a sandwich. On anything less...you are gonna get "beverage service only" which means that they block the aisle with a cart for an hour and you get one drink. In a case like that, Southwest's product is vastly superior.
Boarding process? Since the gold, platinum, titanium, iridium, and lead AAdvantage members etc get to preboard....the boarding process on the other carriers is as maddening (if not more so) than on Southwest. The difference is a machine has told you which seat you will sit in. Hope that the person sitting next to you took a bath...otherwise you may not get to select another seat.
Southwest has managed to keep a corporate culture alive where the great majority of the employees honestly believe they are on a crusade to make air travel affordable. They are well paid but the good wages came as a trade off on work rules....the work rules are pretty flexible (FAs can help clean planes, ramp agents can push the aircraft back, etc etc).
A lot of airlines came and looked at Southwest's operations over the years...especially the executives of low-fare start ups. But hey, even Gordon Bethune came and studied it back when he was still working at Braniff (I think).
Everyone will smile and nod but then go back home and fail to heed the lessons. They are smarter than the boys and girls in Texas.
That's one of the reasons so few start ups have been able to prevail. The system is delicate, finally tuned, and you can't afford to junk a single part of it. Even the "no assigned seats" is critical to the overall concept.
What's funny is that the big airline executives will sit there and delude themselves by thinking "Southwest won't take our business passengers"...."Southwest's passenger complaint ration is so low (in April 2000 1/4th the complaints of the airline in 2nd place) because people don't expect much from them."
And then the people with the ugly planes will sneak up behind them and swallow another market with low fares and kind service. Funny how it works, but it has worked many, many times in the past and will work again.
And those big airline execs who are so smart and so well paid will be wondering "what happened?"
Reply 2, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 5 days 1 hour ago) and read 2618 times:
Also, way back in the early days, their president, Lamar Muse, talked with the unions and lobbied for those flexible work rules. He implemented the profit sharing plan, he asked the unions to look at long term compensation rather than a dollar an hour increase in pay. He basically made many of the early employees millionaires, because he followed thru on what he promised. Many of those employees are still working for Southwest...not because they have to, but because they WANT to.
What did it mean? It meant that the employees realize that it's THEIR airline, THEY share in the profits that are made by working together. They were a small airline that was going to kick some bu**. That was the begining of the "Southwest Spirit" that sets them apart.
Reply 3, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 5 days 1 hour ago) and read 2618 times:
No matter how you cut it, the corporate culture is a direct result of the man at the top of the ladder. If he is comfortable with his authority then he lets others below him exercise their own authority right down to the agents who are allowed to do multiple tasks to make the airline run as efficiently as possible.
On the other hand, those guys that rule with an iron fist will always run a piss poor airline. If the guys below you are afraid to speak up for fear of getting fired, the guy at the top will never learn of the problems below that are sucking away the profits!
Reply 4, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 5 days ago) and read 2583 times:
Well Said! Your observation could also be extrapolated to most industries, but is especially true in the airline industry!
Reply 5, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 4 days 23 hours ago) and read 2579 times:
I'm a former employee of Southwest that "saw the light." It is my honest belief that Southwest Airlines is NOT one of the greatest places to work. I know that I will probably get allot of anti-coex mail since I have stated MY OPINION. I left Southwest and went to Continental which I see as the best move that I have ever made.
Before comments can be made about how great of a place Southwest is to work for, ask the flight attendants... ask the rampers... ask the provisioners... ask the customer service agents..... Plus , always remember.... Southwest Airlines has one of the best marketing and public relation departments ever, which I BELIEVE gives the illusion of how great Southwest Airlines really is......
Sorry pro-Southwest Airliners............
Continental can be the model...........
Reply 6, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 4 days 23 hours ago) and read 2572 times:
Not gonna bash you coex, but you might want to go stop by Gordon's office and ask who he used as a model for employee relations. It certainly wasn't Frank Lorenzo.
Certainly as companies grow, they are going to get a few who don't like the company. Rather than bash you, coex, I'd like to commend you for actually DOING something to remedy the situation. Too many folks in union jobs don't want to change because they go to the bottom of the seniority list, so they stay where they're at and bitch and moan and complain, and threaten CHAOS or strike.
You kind of have to go by past history. Right now, all US airlines are doing pretty good. Let the economy tank, and other airlines are going to look at cutting costs. Airline profits are just pennies per seat mile, and in this industry, a penny saved really IS a penny earned. One of the first places that an airline looks for cost savings is to the labor force. That translates into defered raises, givebacks, or layoffs. Southwest has weathered past downturns in the economy pretty well. When no other airlines were making money, Southwest was still sharing the profits that they made. They also only had one small round of layoffs in the very early years. Since then, they've had none.
Southwest has grown quite a bit. Some of the new hires aren't going to be happy when they realize that "Alaska's paying $X more for the same job". But in my opinion, the number of satisfied employees at Southwest far outweighs the number of dissatisfied employees. You've done yourself and Southwest a favor by going to CO - they lose a dissatisfied employee and you gain what you feel to be a better situation. That's win-win, my friend.
Reply 7, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 4 days 22 hours ago) and read 2550 times:
Matt D wrote: "Is having power and control in the short term more important than conceding some of that power, and treating your workers with respect and making a killing financially in the long term?"
It's a sad, sad day when the powers that be in the airline corporate culture sit down and say, "We don't want to compete any longer. Let's consolidate. At everyone's expense but ours."
I think this mergermania is a result of the same corporate culture that differentiates other carriers from Southwest. Quick money seems to be the bottom line these days, not long-term improvements of service or long-term commitments to a certain type of service, as Southwest has shown. Southwest maintains its unique "Southwest Class" (which I arbitrarily call it), while carriers like DL, CO, AA, and UA have some kind of attention span disorder that compels them to rebrand and rename business and first classes, combine the two, etc. just about every couple years. How many different business- and first-class products have those airlines gone through in the last ten years? The constant change gets very, very old.
Reply 8, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 4 days 21 hours ago) and read 2550 times:
Dear Coex:
I won't bash you. On the contrary---I will second what GoeingBoeing said and reiterate that IF you were unhappy at Southwest...then you did yourself and them both a favor by leaving.
Having read quite a few threads of yours over the last year or so.....you are (as I recall) very bitter towards Southwest Airlines Co. and lose few opportunities to bash them.
That being the case, would you care to share the nature or reason why you were terminated?
Best regards,
Reply 9, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 4 days 18 hours ago) and read 2541 times:
I will be more then happy to tell you why I left Southwest Airlines... I wasn't terminated..... I had no personal problems with SWA, or anyone at SWA. I was a member of SWA culture committee, spending so much time arranging events for SWA. Even events for employees who need special help....
I'll write why I left SWA and then post it... I don't have the time tonight to write anything else and I know that by tomorrow, this post would have already advanced.........
Reply 10, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 4 days 1 hour ago) and read 2501 times:
The thread ended up on the second page, so I wanted to revive it for you...I read TxAgQ8's question and did a little search, and you really don't miss many opportunities to bash Southwest, In fact, you've started a few threads bashing them. Now, I've quit jobs that I didn't like before, but I never found it necessary to slam them. I couldn't quite understand what you had posted, but I really am kind of curious to know the circumstances surrounding why you left Southwest. Please enlighten me...
Reply 11, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 3 days 18 hours ago) and read 2480 times:
I fear I posted too early. here is is again Coex. I'm very interested to hear why you left Southwest. Maybe you'll get this before the topic makes it's way back to page 2.
Reply 12, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 3 days 6 hours ago) and read 2454 times:
darn it, the silly post made it to the second screen again before you could read it Coex....Here it goes again. My interest stems from a project I am working on concerning disgruntled employees. It seems obvious to me that you are disgruntled, so my curiosity is getting the better of me!
Reply 13, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 2 days 23 hours ago) and read 2431 times:
Me and GoingBoeing are still waiting.....
You've had plenty of time to concoct some perjury.
Let's have it!
Have a nice day....
Reply 14, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 2 days 17 hours ago) and read 2416 times:
Reply 15, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 2 days 9 hours ago) and read 2405 times:
Both Swiss Air and Singapore Air have excellent service as far as the customer
is concerned. Some of it in direct contrast to SouthWest's. So a better question
is Are there two industries within this sector ?
Here are some points and food for thought:
1. Swiss and Singapore both depend on International Ops for their survival, being
small countries they have no domestic volume to speak of. They have to be
sensitive to diverse clientele and compete for every passenger. Hence the
attention to details.
2. Both Airlines are really small in size too - They somehow became cash rich by doing something right - Satisfying customers and maintaining still a good margin. Swiss has taken majority stake in Sabena (I hope they improve SN's CRM), and SIA took approx 49% stake in VirginAtlantic. A combination
of size and details has prevented (or saved) them from dealing with macro
economics of large OPs like UA/AA/DL etc.
3. Bilaterals - International Airlines still work on Flag/national and inter-govt.
agreements This gives them necessary slots (Bermuda-II aside) and a
manageable forcasting methodology. SIA and SR both have never been a
discount airlines in the sense that their fares are *not* cut-throat.
SouthWest has not had to juggle international operations - I wonder what their
flight operations and profitability would be in TransAtlantic or TransPacific sector ?
The domestic US deregulated hub-spoke differential yeald-management and
complex pricing models have evolved in part because of having to satisfy
a few major industry analysts associated with amjor Wall St. firms every QUARTER !!!!! - who in turn can influence institutional investors. Ever heard of
Candice Browning ??
These are few of the many talking points I have
Reply 16, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 1 day 19 hours ago) and read 2378 times:
User currently offlineTritanic From United States of America, joined Jul 2010, 0 posts, RR: 0
Reply 17, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 1 day 17 hours ago) and read 2376 times:
Folks Southwest is doing pretty good. It's the Wallmart of the Airline industry. It's no frills, simple, and at times very humorous (which the big boys need to look at), but let's not go over board. If you think the big boy's don't have a good product, and if you think passengers don't like the frills, well you are WRONG!
The month of MAY D.O.T report came out for all the airlines. Delta finished first in ontime. Delta finish second behind South West for customer complaints. Delta finished 2nd in mishandled baggage. Considering that Delta flies apporximately 70 million more people a year, that's not to shabby for a major. South West is good for a smaller airline that's growing, but the highest paid employees in the industry with the most benefits are still UA, CO, AA, and DL. People love preseat assignments, People love First and Business class, people still enjoy some pampering, and if you are willing to pay, well the airlines will accomadate you. In most of the majors the top 10 percent of passengers (the highest frequent fliers) represent 75 percent of all revenue!!!
Reply 18, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 1 day 16 hours ago) and read 2365 times:
Very nice dissertation for a Delta fan. Too bad the topic is dealing more with EMPLOYEE satisfaction than CONSUMER satisfaction. But...altough it's true that Delta carried more passengers than Southwest, for every 100,000 of those passengers, .41 complained about Southwest versus 1.60 of the 100,000 Delta passengers.
I wouldn't brag about the top 10 percent representing 75% of all revenue...let the economy tank and you'll see that revenue decrease. Something you young folks aren't familiar with yet...it's called "austerity programs".
27 years of continuous profitablity and counting.
Reply 19, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 1 day 16 hours ago) and read 2379 times:
You state 10% of the passengers provide 75% of the revenue.
I don't believe that. At least not without some sources.
Yes, airlines like high yield business.
They like people who pay outlandish amounts of money for First Class.
How many of those folks in the F compartment do you think paid book price for a F ticket? How many do you figure upgraded using miles?
But 10% of the folks providing 75% of the revenue? Unless you can cite some sources, I have to say No Way, Jose.
Incidentally.....as long as we are talking about airlines...thinking of Southwest as "a good smaller airline" doesn't really wash anymore.
In terms of passengers carried, in the United States they are #4. Behind DL, AA, and UA. About 1.2 Million pax per month behind UA.
On the other hand, they are about 600,000 pax a month of where they were last year.
Reply 20, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 1 day 16 hours ago) and read 2367 times:
Ok now let's take this to a new level. As far as sighting sources. I'm actually bringing you statistics that was forcasted for revenue control at Delta Airlines based on last years numbers. At Delta we call are elites Platinum Medallions, and yes these few represent that much revenue, and those numbers were put forth in corportate to support a "special program" that would enable individual attention to these high revenue passengers. The program is called a Passenger Service Coordinator. This specialty service program has agents in business suits, that are very highly qualified in there field to meet on board late arriving aircrafts to give new iteneraries, hotels, rebookings, and at times cars to take them to close connections. I have a great amount of revenue informaition for our other high mileage fliers also, but I really don't think it's pertinant.
DL flew 106,000,000 passengers last year and profited over 1.1 billion dollars. By years end they will have purchased new computers for all employees for home use. They will have free AT&T internet access for home use. They have the highest compensated employees in every category. They have won numerous awards: "Airline of the Year", "Best managed Airline". They are the LEAST unionized airline in the world!!!! That must say something with employee satisfaciton.
The airlines of today: AA UA CO NW BA invest BILLIONS to take care of these elite business passengers who often will spend for the full fares (just for the flexability). I know personally how CO UA and DL have invested in technology for these important passengers, such as, personal pagers from the airlines that completely update and flight changes, or stby changes, atc delays. Free wireless internet access within the gate areas and club rooms. Internet access during flight. Passengers are also ranked not only by the mileage flown, but now a new criteria based on revenue generated. Inhanced first class service, such as food and new seating.
Let's not mix apples and oranges. Southwest has a great product, but it doesn't forecast revenue in the same respects as the big boy's. It markets to different clientelle.
Southwest bumps for passerners (percentage) than any other airline in the domestic U.S.....and lacks in loss baggage.
Basically it's two seperate products. Some people take greyhound to their destination, some trains, some hitch, and if one will sacrifice certain convienances for savings then all the power to them. Just remember why the special program previously mentioned is there. It's to keep our 250,000 dollar a year passenger very satisfied. And all the majors will spare no expence to attract such.
Pleas exuse the spelling, not enough time to go back and edit.
Reply 21, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 1 day 3 hours ago) and read 2347 times:
My how times have changed. Not too long ago, rather than "Passenger Service Coordinators" for 10 % of the passengers, Delta had "Red Coats" for 100% of their passengers. Red Coaters are harder and harder to find these days. Stop and think about it - what Delta is saying is "to hell with you greyhound riding losers...sure, you're 90% of our passengers, but these 10% "platinum plated titanim premier" CUSTOMERS are who we care about.
Let me give you some examples -
My Sister-in-law was visiting us last year. HEr husband is a very successful surgeon. She brought her 2 boys (3 and 5) with her. I dropped her off at the airport and discovered that Delta no longer preboards families with children. They did call for platinum level passenger preboarding - yet nobody stood up. Based on your statement that those flyers made up 75% of revenues, I can assume that this flight must have been operating at a loss. BTW, while not platinum (or even copper) - those tickets WERE full Y fare. She's back this year... and flew USAirways. Y'all lost 4 full Y class passengers (hubby came with this time).
Flying into ATL with a connection to MCO that was going to be close (thanks to a ground crew misfueling the plane) I asked the FA if she could tell me what gate our connection was leaving from, since my wife suffers from arthritis and if it meant changing terminals we'd request a wheelchair. Her reply? "No". Funny, AA,UAL, US, NW and even Vanguard announces connections. Delta used to, and maybe they did for the titanium 10%. I guess they were too busy for this flight.
Delta used to be my airline of choice back in the early 80's. Their service has deteriorated for us "regular folk". That's one big thing about Southwest - the family who travels once a year is treated as well as the businessman who travels everyday.
Reply 22, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 21 hours ago) and read 2331 times:
Goingboeing, well it's obvious you have a love affair with Southwest, but I would prefer stats instead of the ONE time your sister flew, and the ONE time a connection gate was not given on board.
PSA's are still in place just like yesteryear. For your information some of our "Titanium", or we call them Platinum fly with us around 100-150 times a year. Some of them see us more than their own families. I am proud of any company that will take what ever means necessary to satisfy these very loyal customers. That's not just with DL, just ask any of the other majors how important these select folks are.
It's a very difficult task to have Full fare paying customers and those who are at 10 percent of a full fare. Flight crew does not know the difference, therefore they do not distinguish service given.
Everyone's important, but like any company and any business they will give their most loyal and most revenue producing just a tad bit more attention.
Let's look at certain industries, how about Marriott? Well if I'm paying $50.00 more a room I expect a little more then Redroof, they both have beds, so what's the difference in price?
With the majors they offer choice! If you want $112.00 RT tickets or if you want $2500 RT Hawaii the choice is there. If you were on DL and the plane suffers maintanence well they can easily place you on AA, CO, NW, UA, US, and many more, well except South West who have no airline agreements with any other airline. How about if a thunder shower causes a misconection. Does Southwest pick up the tap for hotels, and food? Most majors do, even though the tariff rules state not such action is needed due to weather or ATC!
Southwest is without a doubt the best discount airline in the business, but they are not ready for comparison at this time.
Reply 23, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 19 hours ago) and read 2317 times:
Tritanic - Back in the early 80's, I flew Delta almost exclusivly - twice a week, every week, without fail. I would have been one of your gold plated 10%. Back then, we were all just "Frequent flyers", we didn't get any extra perks, outside of the Medallion club and the special unlisted reservation number that was avialable to the guy with 1,000,000 miles or the guy with 10 miles. We didn't get preferred seating, we got upgrades if we wanted to pay for them or redeem the miles. Everybody was treated about the same, and the service provided was excellent.
The recent times I've flown, it's very apparent that your medallion flyers are most important to Delta. I guess it's good that y'all have found a way to identify the elite passenger. Because the service given to the non elite full fare and 10% full fare passengers has deteriorated considerably. Sure, I can't cite stats that "prove" that. I've only got the flights I've flown, or the flights my family has flown. And they have all had less than stellar service. That's why they have become my last resort when travelling.
You're right, I'm a fan of Southwest - they've got the flights to most places I want to go at the times I want to go, and for the price that doesn't break the bank. I even select WN for business when I travel. I save my company money, and I don't spend all day flying thru hubs. The service I recieve is better that I would get on most other airlines. Any flight less than 2 hours on any airline won't get anyone much more than peanuts and a coke.
BTW - it's true that Southwest doesn't interline, but they make up for that with FREQUENCY. If a plane has a mechanincal, chances are pretty good that they've got another flight (or two or 3 ) out within the hour. If it's the last flight of the night and there's a mechanical or missed connection (although those are few since WN is more of a point to point carrier) then yes, they will put me up in a hotel.
Bottom line, I get to spend more time with my family and less time traveling these days. So when I do spend my hard earned dollars to fly somewhere, I prefer to take an airline who cares about the 90% of us who make up only 25% of their revenues. You've pretty much pointed out that we don't matter at Delta, and that's why I'm not flying Delta that much any more.
Reply 24, posted (14 years 6 months 3 weeks 19 hours ago) and read 2321 times:
Actually, I know GoingBoeing and he does not have a love affair with Southwest, they are more like "just good friends."
And I guess some of us folks who think that our discovery of and continued support of Southwest as the most revolutionary idea since penicillin (for those unwise love affairs) can be pretty insufferable at times.
However, what it boils down to is that most of us who are members of "the great unwashed" or "the huddled masses yearning to breathe free" if you prefer....our employers want us in the coach cabin, and we do fly a lot....but we have corporate travel offices and such to make sure we aren;t squandering the bosses' year end incentive bonus.
Those of us who fly AA or DL in coach, steerage, or "the main cabin" may have a slightly different point of view. On most of our domestic travels....the travel experience we would get from a full Y ticket on DL is no better (and sometimes worse) than what we would get on WN.
The bottom line is, a lot of the time...there is no meal service to speak of in coach on flights of 2 hrs or so. And if we do go 3 hrs and there is a meal provided....well, a great deal of the time I would do just about as well to eat the packaging material the food-like substance came in. (I had a REAL nasty turkey sandwich the other day on AA)
The pitch (distance between seats) in Southwest's 737s is as generous if not more so than that found in the coach cabin of DL. How do they do this while cramming so many seats in? Simple, they have those new thin line seats and the galleys are very simple...for drinks and snacks only (no meals) so you can squeeze a few seats in without turning the cabin into a torture chamber.
What continues to set Southwest apart from everyone else is the overall impression you get from the employees that they honestly believe they are on a crusade to make flying affordable. They do, in fact, sneer and make fun of some of the walk up fares that other airlines get away with. I recall well a remark one made at BNA about Delta's fare from there to Atlanta being criminally obscene.
A lot of airline execs like to think that they are not liable to suffer at the hands of Southwest since "business travelers don;t like to fly them." This delusion usually doesn't last too long.
But in the big scheme of thing, it's all interesting to watch, but folks ought to fly on whomever they wish. Ultimately we will see what the outcome is. In the meantime, me and GoingBoeing have about decided that we have seen the future and it is Southwest...whereas you think we may be headed to mega-carriers that will continue to offer air travel in accordance with the way things have been in the past.
Suffice it to say, it will be interesting to watch.
But hey, those deals with DL aren't isolated incidents. Next time Mrs Tritanic needs a permanent...let me know. I got some Delta tales guaranteed to curl her hair. Especially the one that involves the schoolchildren from a private Christian academy and a hooker motel with 4 free porn channels near FLL.
25 Tritanic : As with all the airlines the late 80's and early 90's spelled disaster. Most airlines reduced the work force at least 30 percent. Some airlines did no
26 Tritanic : Well TxAgKuwait, we here in ATL are laughing on the floor!! You and your "revolutionaries" are here to change the world and the airline industry!!! Ma
28 Matt D : Jeez....look at what I started.
29 Goingboeing : Any moran knows it's not "sofisticated". Every SOPHISTICATED person ain't a MORON. The plural of "aircraft" is "aircraft" International means noting t
30 OPNLguy : >>>Oh ya a 737 flies under 1200 miles, maybe they will invest in larger aircraft once they rule the world!!! If this is the caliber and quality of inf
31 Goingboeing : He's supposed to tell us why he left Southwest. IMHO, the last words in his "exit interview" were "You can't fire me, I quit!"
32 Tritanic : We're not discussing range with the revolutionaries, that's based on most airline scheaduling uses 737's for under 1200 miles!!!!!!!! Look at some tim
33 TxAgKuwait : Let's see...in April of this year Delta flew 9 million passengers. Little old Southwest flew roughly 6.2 million passengers. That is scarcely 70 milli
34 Tritanic : Are you truley what I said earlier, "a moron". How many times did you read that Southwest was a good airline with a good product! But know you think I
35 OPNLguy : >>>Sothwest is fine, but unless they upgrade aircrafts, define hubs, and fly outside the boarder they will always be that friendly discount carrier!!
36 Goingboeing : Hey tritanic - why not read a book on the history of Southwest airlines. Tex goes waaaaay back with them. Personal kind of thing. Not some tennybopper
37 Tritanic : Original question to the post. Why isn't Southwest the Industry Model? That's because the industry model is CO, AA, UA, DL, NW........BA, LH,JA.......
38 Tritanic : Goingboeing, are you ever going to respond to what I have said about different products. Do you have no response to the obvious facts. Do you realize
39 TxAgKuwait : Not germane to the argument, but GoingBoeing will testify that I am usually a real stickler for accuracy. You make the comment "DL carried 108 MM pax
40 TxAgKuwait : While I was looking those numbers up at the DOT website.....it occurred to me if the DOT is correct, then WN managed to catch AA in # of passengers la
41 Tritanic : See that's my point!!!! You are using domestic numbers and I don't blame you for that mistake, but now let's add all the international passengers.....
42 Tritanic : TxAgKuwait, you can find world wide passenger count at the web site for International Airline Transportation Associaton.
43 Goingboeing : > No, they haven't modeled after the "majors". Let's look, shall we? Hubs. LUV doesn't have them. THey are a point to point carrier. AA has started so
44 Post contains images Bacardi182 : i am very proud of you guys! you have not started any fights about kids vs adults, boeing vs airbus, or europe vs america! southwest will never become
45 Goingboeing : Also tri - Southwest has identified thier niche. They stick with it because it works. No international? That's fine...it's not part of the niche. Sout
46 Goingboeing : Last I checked, there were several airlines that flew into DFW. Adjust your schedule a bit, get a new credit card that gives you CO (or TWA, or UAL or
47 Travelin man : As a frequent traveller with little bias (admittedly except recently against UA for some crappy service), let me put in my $.02. The assertion that bu
48 Tritanic : Southwest is running out of niches in the market place. They are very strategic on stayingAWAY from the majors. They rarely ever compete or will enter
49 Tritanic : Best post I've read on this subject and to the point. Travelin man "The two types of service complement each other".........two seperate types!!!
50 Goingboeing : Tritanic - WN tends to avoid fortress hubs because their 300 planes aren't making a nickle sitting as number 21 in line for takeoff. They may never se
51 TxAgKuwait : the 107 MM passengers for DL in 1999. I didn't look it up, but I'll take your word for it. 65 Million is still not less than half of 107 Million, rega
52 Goingboeing : Anybody seen Coex?
53 Drerx7 : to predatory pricing by the "big" carriers. Southwest is one of the majors now. They lower the cost of flying in the markets they enter. The bottom li
54 Tritanic : Well Goingboeing nice to start another afternoon with the revolutionaries.....being sticklers on spelling and numbers....well let's start with fares..
55 The spinmaster : the spinmaster is back. it's been a while since i posted. here we go. in general with all airlines. we are an airline. not a catering service. if you
56 Goingboeing : Why, I got my fare from Delta's web site! Check it out. Book flight 1785 at 10:05 tomorrow morning with the return (yes, people have to get home) on f
57 Goingboeing : Anybody seen Coex?
58 Texairport : I think that Southwest is the greatest success story in commercial aviation. However, it is a scientific, precise formula that makes them successful.
59 Drerx7 : Southwest lowers fares because that is its formula. The other's lower their fares in order to run the new guy out-then they raise them back up. Usuall
60 Goingboeing : still got an APB out for Coex...or am I gonna have to start an "I LUV Southwest" thread to get him out of hiding and put up one simple post about why
61 We're Nuts : Such hatred isn't healthy for you Coex, let it go man....
62 Whippy : Would you all just let it go? His failure to reply in and of itself speaks volumes about his credibility or lack thereof.
63 We're Nuts : Coex does this alot, you try to ask him about his time at SWA and he just disappears. I'm starting to think that he never worked there, or if he did,
64 TxAgKuwait : But speaking for me and GoingBoeing, we can't let CoEx get over this easy. We are staunch defenders of truth, justice, and I would say American way bu
65 We're Nuts : I know people at SWA who might know more about this Coex character, perhaps I'll ask them.
66 B737-112 : It's on the second page so let's start again, this is fun! -Ryan
67 Goingboeing : Welcome back Coex - saw you post on the Continental thead for the first time since the 14th. I'm still wondering how come you left Southwest. Eagerly
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New Into The Industry posted Sat Dec 16 2006 01:28:52 by Bradleycheuk | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '247', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9599899053573608}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '249901', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:I6BQX3ZXE6CGBQJSOJAXIZYZWVYPH7TD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:eae66a4e-243d-44d1-9805-f15f337403db>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 25, 4, 58, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.227.10.54', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ABS7WZDZULJUVWDWBXJH6YCGFNRK5JV5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9446a6a9-a6aa-428b-a89f-561d1a067bec>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.airliners.net/aviation-forums/general_aviation/read.main/252132/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:06c5c44c-af17-4c15-bb7f-17243e16a79a>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '6708', 'url': 'http://www.airliners.net/aviation-forums/general_aviation/read.main/252132/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-06\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for January 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04003399610519409', 'original_id': 'c6206ba40996198dc37c63ad9452e5f220567a37906e1ac41555c62fcf20bc98'} |
=pod =head1 NAME Attribute::Contract - Design by contract via Perl attributes =head1 SYNOPSIS package Interface; use Attribute::Contract -types => [qw/Str slurpy ArrayRef/]; sub do_smth :ContractRequires(Str, slurpy ArrayRef[Str]) :ContractEnsures(Str) { my $self = shift; my ($input_string, $array_ref_of_strings) = @_; return '...'; } package Implementation; use base 'Interface'; use Attribute::Contract; sub do_smth { my $self = shift; my ($input_string, $array_ref_of_strings) = @_; return 'ok'; } Implementation->do_smth('hi', 'there'); # works Implementation->do_smth(); # croaks! Implementation->do_smth(sub {}); # croaks! =head1 DESCRIPTION L by using Perl attributes allows you to specify contract (L) for every method in your class. You can check incoming and outgoing values by specifying C and C attributes. It's the most useful for interfaces or abstract classes when you want to control whether your implementation follows the same interface and respects the Liskov substitution principle. This module uses L underneath so all the checks is done via that module. Check it out for more documention on type validation. Why attributes? They feel and look natural and are applied during compile time. =head2 IMPORTING When using L one may want to import various types in order to check them in attributes. Types themselves are not imported into the current module but rather used when compiling attributes. =head3 Types package MyClass; use Attribute::Contract -types => [qw/ClassName Str/]; sub static_method : ContractRequires(ClassName, Str) { }; ... MyClass->static_method('string'); =head3 Type libraries When types are complex or the description is too long attributes might get not very readable. In this case one can use type libraries (implemented again via L): package MyTypes; use Type::Library -base, -declare => qw(MyInt); use Type::Utils; use Types::Standard qw(Int); declare MyInt, as Int, where => {$_ > 0}; package MyClass; use Attribute::Contract -library => 'MyTypes'; sub static_method : ContractRequires(ClassName, MyInt) { }; ... MyClass->static_method(5); =head2 IMPLEMENTATION =head3 Inheritance By default all the contracts are inherited. Just don't forget to C L in the derived class. But if no methods are overriden then even C this module is not needed. =head3 Caching During the compile time for every contract a Perl subroutine is built and evaled. If the methods share the same contract they use the same checking code reference. This speeds up the checking and saves some memory. =head3 Error reporting Errors are as specific as possible. On error you will get a meaningful message and a stack trace. =head2 SWITCHING OFF You can switch off contract checking by specifying an environment variable C. =head1 DEVELOPMENT =head2 Repository http://github.com/vti/attribute-contract =head1 AUTHOR Viacheslav Tykhanovskyi, C. =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright (C) 2012-2013, Viacheslav Tykhanovskyi This program is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Artistic License version 2.0. =cut | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '241', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7125198245048523}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3801', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SDKPUUVUHAZNMOMBPTD2J2SHRVNS6NZG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:251bffef-f414-4288-b58c-582108b61453>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 21, 20, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.171.7.91', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:S6NWHNOD44DCXL4HNKLTAXDPBLCWQJUY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cd38bfb6-79b8-4583-aaec-2e7948314bf6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Text/VTI/attribute-contract-0.04.readme', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f2e12c32-f92b-4ea0-8376-f68741f97bb0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '372', 'url': 'http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Text/VTI/attribute-contract-0.04.readme', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1668710708618164', 'original_id': 'b7076d89eaf1b44b65ee74b5a8e8582ef7d25ea2c1c178654e13fd577a5401a6'} |
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Online Chat | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '86', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9436257481575012}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34376', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SKS3MWCBOAA5HMN2RPWM2KAN3GNRIQ42', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:29a03961-2ad9-4445-9e8e-c17143738cae>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 18, 11, 50, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.2.205.54', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6NUKJ52Y7UDEV6SQR32NXG4PXAT64HY6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:82eb9d15-50b6-4232-8095-02ac6b2a33c7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.bonroy.org/the-patient-clutched-at-the-mask-and-started-trying-to-rip-it/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:117aa8fc-a8e1-468a-b8e4-96c5ef0692ed>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1152', 'url': 'http://www.bonroy.org/the-patient-clutched-at-the-mask-and-started-trying-to-rip-it/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-67-179.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028463125228881836', 'original_id': 'f9f11811ddf236cdfbbfca4329e4202c2ed3aa947f39b4d7117ddbbdd26e966e'} |
Democrats' suspension of Initiative 960 stinks
I was disrespectful of Governor Christine Gregoire when she signed Senate Bill 6130, gutting voter-approved I-960.
I attended the public bill signing wearing a suit-and-tie and standing beside her I held my nose with one hand and went thumbs down with the other for the official photo.
Some found it offensive, others funny, some heroic.
To me, it was just my way of peacefully protesting an enormous injustice.
The voters have three times approved initiatives requiring either two-thirds legislative approval or majority voter approval for tax increases: I-601 in 1993, R-49 in 1998, and I-960 in 2007. The people are being forced to pass it again and again because politicians keep refusing to abide by voter-approved laws.
Initiative 960 was the only initiative in 2007 to clear the highest of hurdles, qualifying with 314,000 signatures. Opponents immediately sued to block the people from voting, but a unanimous Supreme Court upheld the people's right to vote.
Gregoire repeatedly spoke out against I-960, saying it was unnecessary because she promised, if re-elected, not to raise taxes.
Special interest groups spent $1.3 million in advertising against it, our side spent nothing, no TV ads, no radio ads, not even campaign signs.
Nonetheless, the voters approved I-960 by a comfortable margin.
On election night I said, "David can beat Goliath." A few months later, Senate Majority Leader Lisa Brown filed a lawsuit to get I-960 overturned but a unanimous High Court rejected her complaint.
Despite overcoming all these obstacles, working for years to install I-960's protections, the Governor and the democrats took it away after a few hours of debate and several dead-of-night votes.
That stinks. And I'm not alone in thinking so.
KING TV just released a statewide poll and the results are striking: 68 thought it was the wrong thing to do, 24 percent thought it the right thing to do and 8 percent were undecided. When asked if tax increases should require a two-thirds vote or majority vote, a whopping 74 percent said two-thirds.
Voters want tax increases to be an absolute last resort.
Gregoire's refusal to retain I-960's transparency provisions was particularly galling. Besides the two-thirds vote of the people, I-960 provided greater legislative transparency and public participation in the process.
Many asked Gregoire for a partial veto, salvaging at least those widely supported policies of I-960. She refused. Here's what it did: under I-960, when the Legislature jacks up taxes and then slaps on an emergency clause, removing the people's constitutionally-guaranteed right to run a referendum undoing the tax, then the people at least get two pages in that November's voters pamphlet listing how legislators voted on the tax increase and how much it'll cost us. Gregoire took that away too. I-960 also allowed voters to express their opinion on such "emergency" tax increases with a non-binding advisory vote.
Here's Gregoire's explanation for not allowing the voters to express their opinion on tax hikes: "The public should expect when they say something, the legislature and the governor will respond. To ask for an advisory vote and then to not follow it, I think would add to the cynicism of the people of this state."
The audacity, arrogance, and shamelessness of that statement is stunning.
As for the first sentence, I agree that when voters vote, their representatives should respond and that's why they should've respected the voters' decision on I-960 and not taken it away. As for the second sentence, she's saying that no matter what the voters' opinion is, she and the democrats will not follow it so why ask. Expressing your opinion and having it ignored doesn't create as much cynicism as preventing the people from expressing their opinion in the first place.
For two years, I-960 worked exactly as voters intended. I-960 protected struggling taxpayers and our fragile economy from higher taxes. It worked and it can work again.
Help us give voters their fourth opportunity: this year's I-1053 resurrects I-960's protections for another two years. It's clear it's needed.
As for my holding-my-nose moment with Gregoire, it was disrespectful; but my disrespect for her won't cost taxpayers anything.
Her disrespect for the voters by overturning voter-approved I-960 will cost taxpayers billions of dollars in higher taxes.
To me, that really stinks.
Please read our commenting policy before posting.
Sign in to comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9641497135162354}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '32481', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:O5CVCWAPEBGUQIQUPY5RNSGCZ4SHHQNX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bcbd20a0-1794-431f-ac26-754da5e278c1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 29, 18, 58, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.91.60.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LH23YZEGNDHWDKSKMB34QTXFXO2AYK57', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2cb7fb26-29fe-408a-93ba-5aeb8361156d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.dailysunnews.com/news/2010/mar/05/guest-editorial/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:28635d28-75a5-458b-9f10-df98e049bfc3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '768', 'url': 'http://www.dailysunnews.com/news/2010/mar/05/guest-editorial/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11161661148071289', 'original_id': 'eccdc5c4f9838fc59fbc0002023804ce675da0041bb62b132a26759dad2b1477'} |
\section{Powers of Elements in Group Direct Product}
Tags: Group Direct Products, Powers (Abstract Algebra), Direct Products, Group Theory
\begin{theorem}
Let $\struct {G, \circ_1}$ and $\struct {H, \circ_2}$ be group whose identities are $e_G$ and $e_H$.
Let $\struct {G \times H, \circ}$ be the group direct product of $G$ and $H$.
Then:
:$\forall n \in \Z: \forall g \in G, h \in H: \tuple {g, h}^n = \tuple {g^n, h^n}$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Proof by induction:
For all $n \in \N$, let $\map P n$ be the proposition $\forall g \in G, h \in H: \tuple {g, h}^n = \tuple {g^n, h^n}$.
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'f6a9d83ac200759fede7969fc6bbeeee0aed7cf1f5a9aa87f05dff043e5b7fdb'} |
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