text stringlengths 3 7.38M | source_data stringclasses 5 values | info stringlengths 83 12.5k |
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// ========== App Module
// import all modules
import { MailerModule } from '@nestjs-modules/mailer';
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
import { ServeStaticModule } from '@nestjs/serve-static';
import { join } from 'path';
import { AuthModule } from './auth/auth.module';
import { PrismaModule } from './prisma/prisma.module';
import { UserModule } from './user/user.module';
import { appConfig } from './config';
console.log(
`smtps://${appConfig.EMAIL.NAME}:${appConfig.EMAIL.PASSWORD}@${appConfig.EMAIL.HOST}`,
);
@Module({
imports: [
/*
Config module setup.
After we've set this one,
we can access the env variable
using dependency injection
*/
ConfigModule.forRoot({
isGlobal: true,
}),
// Static files setup (seems like app.use(express.static()))
ServeStaticModule.forRoot({
rootPath: join(__dirname, '../public'),
}),
MailerModule.forRoot({
transport: `smtps://${appConfig.EMAIL.NAME}:${appConfig.EMAIL.PASSWORD}@${appConfig.EMAIL.HOST}`,
}),
AuthModule,
UserModule,
PrismaModule,
],
})
export class AppModule {}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/mathiuskormasela12/aking-backend/blob/master/src/app.module.ts', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'aking-backend', 'creator': 'mathiuskormasela12', 'language': 'TypeScript', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '116', 'token_count': '388', '__index_level_0__': '33611', 'original_id': '17a239004a544e2e9dd4a358d31a96984baf034e92a7d12c778b79c891df0ef0'} |
Last edited 08 Jan 2020
Tensile structures
Conventional structures tend to be stabilised by the action of gravity on their mass holding them in compression.
A tensile structure is a structure that is stabilised by tension rather than compression. For example, a piece of fabric pulled in opposite directions.
Arch bridge.jpg Suspension bridge.jpg
Compression structure Tensile structure
In practice, structures tend to carry both tension and compression, and it is the degree to which a structure is intentionally tensioned to stabilise it that determines whether it is considered a tensile structure.
Tensioning, is usually achieved with wire or cable, opposed by compression elements such as masts, and held in place by foundations, ring beams, ground anchors and so on. Tensioning can also be achieved through inflation.
Structures with tension elements include:
Three-dimensional tensile structures typically form doubly-curved shapes that are either anticlastic or synclastic.
Anticlastic surface.png Synclastic surface.jpg
Anticlastic (saddle-shaped). Synclastic (dome-shaped)
Doubly-curved surfaces can be tensioned without distorting their form, as the opposing curvatures balance each other at every point on the surface. Tensioning the fabric reduces its elasticity so that it will distort less when subsequently loaded, such as under wind load or snow load. In addition, the geometry of the curvature itself means that any extension of the fabric under load results in a relatively smaller deflection than would be apparent in a flatter, or less curved fabric.
So the greater the curvature and the greater the pre-tensioning of the fabric, the less it will distort under load.
For more on the structural behaviour, see The structural behaviour of architectural fabric structures.
Typically, tensile structures use less material than conventional compression structures and, as a result, are lighter and can span larger distances.
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9110645651817322}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36323', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VV2ZURHPZFP7TWI72VSNMGXQY6GFS4VC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:59c417dc-49fc-4273-8394-807cbe7b690c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 4, 4, 0, 14, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.13.37', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BI5BRU2LP6UCPRYO6NCPU5I77WVVGSJP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:efdb7df5-b101-4a8e-9c96-2aaec8a45109>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Tensile_structures', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f6f5c7fd-a098-4574-9e2d-f85587c6b89e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '291', 'url': 'https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Tensile_structures', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-193.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.41508835554122925', 'original_id': 'e6a56d1544fe925a3ce9ff84ace926f84433a6a21b6ea6d9aa6ae885867ca57d'} |
Social Health
Jun 9, 2014
Your Grandma Might Not Use Facebook, But Health Status Updates May Make Her More Independent
comments 0 popularity
Home-based health systems are poised to become a big part of our lives in the future, with several high profile tech and home automation companies prepping or rumored to be prepping products. But what is sometimes forgotten is the real potential these systems have to improve the lives and healthcare of the elderly and others who have a tough time traveling to the doctor’s office.
What the current home healthcare systems and wearables lack are the real tools used by doctors. Most wearable devices record heart rate and a few take blood pressure, but that is a far cry from the information a doctor can obtain simply by listening to a patient’s breathing patterns. “Diagnosing a lot of diseases via tele-health has turned very much so into a Sherlock Holmes guessing game. It shouldn’t need to be so hard” said Dr. Myla of InstaMD, a startup company that is using technology to track the vital signs of patients from their home. “Tele-health as it stands today is just glorified video conferencing. Doctors can connect to their clients via a video stream, but not much else is offered to them. InstaMD allows client to share analytics real-time whenever they want so long as an internet connection and a computer is available to be paired with the InstaMD system. Our system is changing the tele-health into a truly interactive, collaborative experience for clients and doctors.”
InstaMD is currently funding on IndieGoGo and hopes to bring actual doctor’s tools into your home. First up is the most iconic of doctor’s tools, the stethoscope. The over–the-ear headphones connect to any stethoscope and record the patient’s heart, lung, or gastrointestinal sounds. Those vitals are then passed on to a healthcare provider who can listen to them and provide advice. After the stethoscope, the plan is to bring along other medical monitoring devices through the use of attachments.
Potentially, this could positively affect both patient care and doctor availability. With more consistent vital monitoring, the elderly and handicapped can stay at home and have their vitals checked without time consuming and potentially dangerous trips to the healthcare facility. Meanwhile, the doctor can see more patients in a shorter amount of time and can therefore lower his or her prices thanks to the economy of scale.
It isn’t just for the elderly and handicapped, of course. Anyone can use it and will benefit from regular medical advice from a professional. Even medical issues that necessitate a visit to the doctor could potentially benefit from the shorter lines that result from to regular checkups being done through InstaMD’s system.
While getting checked out by a medical professional is a pain for most of us, it is an outright ordeal for some. The elderly risk a fall on the way, essentially putting their health at risk in order to check on their health. The handicapped have to deal with cities that are often not handicapped accessible, despite what the laws on the books say. Telehealth care schemes look to take that risk away but reports say that its deployment and advancement is still too slow.
Grandma might not share her status on Facebook, she might not understand why anyone would want a heart rate monitor on their phone, but she will recognize a stethoscope. InstaMD also plans to have simple to understand apps on mobile and PCs so even tech Luddites without a smartphone can use InstaMD.
The system will allow patents to share and store their recordings, so they can be compared to previous tests. If a patient is privacy minded, he or she can of course delete the files instead of sharing them.
But sharing them with your medical professional is more or less point, and they seem to be striving to make that as easy as possible. InstaMD’s software, of course, has video conferencing, so the doctor can not only hear the patient but see him or her as well. If a follow-up is needed, the patient and doctor can figure out an appointment time using the same screen functionality.
As a bonus, when not connected to a stethoscope, the headphones work as regular headphones.
InstaMD is looking to raise $60,000 by June 19th. Even though they are on IndieGoGo, InstaMD chose to go with Fixed Funding, meaning they have to hit their goal for any donations to count. Currently, $85 gets you the basic package, but $111 will get you a bundle that will cost $88 more when it retails.
InstaMD has the potential to not only cut out superfluous visits to the doctor’s office, but it also has the potential to elongate and improve our lives – and that might be something truly worth funding.
Share your thoughts | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9560204148292542}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '68422', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Y62XRP5O6FSKVGLUT55PJEVMRD6X7EQ6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:91b689af-8a11-4061-89ce-56ace651e398>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 17, 6, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.219.250.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZG2W2SEQNX3B3JGEEMTIXIU5W4ZSNPZK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8f1f961d-922e-46d7-9dec-08cef813573f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://socialnewsdaily.com/39503/your-grandma-might-not-use-facebook-but-health-status-updates-may-make-her-more-independent/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:740625e0-2a6f-47c3-be7b-2373abb50637>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '794', 'url': 'http://socialnewsdaily.com/39503/your-grandma-might-not-use-facebook-but-health-status-updates-may-make-her-more-independent/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09166866540908813', 'original_id': 'b59ceb36a4f062690499930ca6637363714a996cfdea2014f56f6db7061fdf48'} |
Astrology Circle
Zodiac Dice finds your dice fortune for your astrology signs, houses and planets
Rated: 5/5 (7 Votes)
Price: Free
Know your fortunes with the zodiac dice. Understand the relation between astrology and dice of fortune. Appreciate the influence of astrological planets, houses and signs on dice fortune telling and their total effect on your life. Take multiple readings that can help you analyze the direction and purpose of your life. Cast the zodiac dice today to know more! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.915183126926422}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27954', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WY7IVO6H4LLFKMOARPQ7XBFMOMFFRNWZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:22849152-f2f9-4dee-8eb6-fe956c9ba31f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 5, 0, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.187.239.250', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VPV6BVXTHSDVRV4SNEV54RIIL2JNFXFB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3e34f130-80a0-4155-9db3-2e3d7f73ea70>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.astrologycircle.com/zodiac-dice/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f1985b5a-ac2a-4b82-94a0-106f2b06f589>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '79', 'url': 'https://www.astrologycircle.com/zodiac-dice/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-25.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06916701793670654', 'original_id': '74a85c325109900f1f055d514c7722990355983f1fe53916240b83b1889a99c7'} |
Charlie Wells
Charles Wells (13 April 1892 – 19 October 1929) was an Australian rules football player at the Richmond Football Club and the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Family
The son of William Wells, and Caroline Wells, née Blake, Charles Wells was born in Richmond, Victoria on 13 April 1892.
He married Fanny Ellen Craven (1892-?) in 1915. Their son, William Charles Richard "Billy" Wells (1916–1984) also played with Richmond.
Football
Richmond (VFL)
Wells made his debut for Richmond against in Round 1 of the 1912 VFL season, at the Junction Oval.
Fitzroy (VFL)
Cleared from Richmond to Fitzroy on 16 April 1913, he played 15 games, and kicked 6 goals, over two seasons (1913 and 1914), becoming a premiership player for Fitzroy in the 1913 VFL Grand Final, under the captaincy of Bill Walker (the coach was Percy Parratt).
Northcote (VFA)
On 24 April 1915, Wells was cleared from Fitzroy to Northcote in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). He played in all of Northcote's thirteen matches in 1915.
The 1915 VFA competition was shortened to only 13 matches due to World War I (the last home-and-away round was on 17 July 1915). There was no VFA competition at all in 1916 and 1917. A truncated competition was conducted in 1918, with only six teams involved (including Northcote) and only 10 home-and-away matches before the finals. Irwin played in seven of those 1918 matches.
Death
He died at his home in Burnley, Victoria on 19 October 1929.
Footnotes
References
Hogan P, The Tigers Of Old, Richmond FC, (Melbourne), 1996.
The Richmond Football Team, The Leader, (Saturday, 25 May 1912), p.31.
External links
Category:1892 births
Category:Richmond Football Club players
Category:Fitzroy Football Club players
Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Category:1929 deaths | mini_pile | {'original_id': '16101864e697d727ad1eee42f1b2161112787d1e542bddf966ea1b450da98f5b'} |
USA: +1-585-535-1023
UK: +44-208-133-5697
AUS: +61-280-07-5697
The raw materials, lime and clay are mixed and subjected to following processing.
1. Physical Treatment of Raw Materials
It involves mixing and making the raw materials ready for chemical treatment. Two common processes employed for physical treatment are dry process and wet process.
(a) Dry Process: In this process, the calcareous and argillaceous materials are mixed in the ratio 3 : 1, crushed, dried, sieved and then ground to a fine powder. The mixture is now ready for the chemical treatment in the kiln.
(b) Wet Process: In this process, the rocky matter is crushed and water is sprinkled over it. The resulting materials is ground in the wet conditions to form a slurry. The slurry, which contains 35-40% of water, is stored in large tanks equipped with mechanical stirrers. It is then fed into the kiln.
2. Chemical Treatment
It involves calcination of the mixture of limestone and clay. Dry mixture from the dry process or the slurry from the wet process is fed into the rotary kiln (Fig. 55.1) for calcination.
Fig. 55.1. Rotary kiln for manufacture of portland cement.
Rotary kiln consists of a steel cylinder lined with fire bricks. It is 45-120 m long and has about 3 m internal diameter. The kiln is inclined at an angle of about 15 degrees to the horizontal and it rotates on its axis at the rate of 1/2 to 1 revolution per minute. The charge is introduced at upper end and it travels down as the kiln rotates.
The charge is heated by burning fuels like pulverized coal or, fossil fuel, or oil or natural gas. The hot fuel gases are made to enter at the lower end of the kiln with the help of a blower. As the charge moves forward, it meets higher temperatures till it reaches the lower end where the temperature is highest (around 1400°C). The charge takes 2 to 3 hours to cover the journey in the kiln. Reactions taking place in the rotary kiln in three major zones are as follows:
a) Maximum Temperature Zone (1000°C-1500°C): The main reactions between lime, alumina and silica takes place near the lower end of kiln resulting in formation of calcium silicates and aluminates as shown below.
2CaO + SiO2 → 2CaO.SiO2
Dicalcium silicate
3CaO.Al2O3 → 3CaO.Al2O3
Tricalcium aluminate
3CaO + SiO2 → 3CaO.SiO2
Tricalcium silicate
4CaO + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 → 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
Tetracalcium alumino ferrite
a) Moderate Temperature Zone (up to 800°C): At 100°C, the removal of free moisture takes place. At 500°C, kaolin (AI2O3,2SiO2.2H2O) present in clay breaks up into amorphous silica and alumina.
(c) Average Temperature Zone (up to 800°C-1000°C):
Limestone decomposes to form lime and carbon dioxide.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Moreover, due to high temperature in this zone, about 20-30% of mass melts and combines with solids mass to form pebbles (which vary in size) and are called cement clinkers.
The burnt gases (containing a good amount of dust) are made to pass through a dust chamber, where most of dust is retained and gases are allowed to escape through chimney.
The hot clinkers from the rotary kiln go to coolers which consist of series of tubes parallel to kiln in which air is forced through. As a result of this, the clinkers cool down while the air gets heated. The hot air is then used for the combustion of the fuel as an economy measure.
The cooled clinkers are mixed with 3-5% of gypsum CASO4.2H2O, along with certain dispersing and water proofing agents and then ground to a fine powder. Since pure finely powered, clinkers set very rapidly, therefore, gypsum has to be added to retard the setting of cement. The powdered material is passed through fine sieves and finally it is sent to the automatic packing machines where it is packed in jute or polythene bags.
Group Discussion
To explore the composition of raw materials used in making
1. To explore samples of raw materials used for the production of cement, limestone, clay and coal.
2. Explore the chemical composition of each of them using literature.
3. Name the principle ingredients of cement.
• Name the ingredients supplied by limestone
• Name the ingredients supplied by clay.
• What is the function of coal in cement manufacture?
When cement is mixed with water and left as such for some time, it becomes a hard mass. This is known as setting of cement. The setting of cement is complecated process, the exact mechanism of this setting process is not known. It is believed that various aluminates and silicates present in the cement form hydrates with water which separate in the form of gel
3CaO.Al2O3 + 6H2O → 3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O
Colloidal gel
2CaO.SiO2 + xH2O → 2CaO.SiO2.xH2O
Colloidal gel
4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 + 6 H2O → 3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O + Fe2O3.CaO
Colloidal gel
At the time some Ca(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 are formed as precipitates due to hydrolysis.
3CaO.SiO2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2CaO.SiO2
3CaO.Al2O3 + 6H2O → 3Ca(OH)2 + 2Al(OH)3
Gypsum combines with tricalcium aluminate to form calcium sulpho-aluminate,
3CaO.Al2O3 + 3CaSO4 + 2H2O → 3CaO.Al2O3.3CaSO4.2H2O
This reaction slows down the setting.
The gels formed start losing water partly by evaporation and partly by forming hydrates with unhydrated constituents.This results in the formation of a hard mass. Ca(OH)2 binds the particles of calcium silicate together, while Al(OH)3 fills the interstices resulting in hardening of the mass.
Setting of cement is an exothermic process. Hence, cement structures have to be cooled during setting by sprinkling water. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8686501979827881}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27880', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TVL4IUDPRLG6BJESCNUHVUIUUPLE5T4Z', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e96883cf-c3e3-4eb6-bff1-d4e8d4f45544>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 26, 8, 0, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.91.198.231', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HIIX2IMTOXYHEBTEJ7CINEXQVZTDHCPX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e4f8a2ac-4a7b-444e-ba1f-07921c0f6175>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.chemistry-assignment.com/55-3-production-of-cement', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f9ae65a-a514-4246-a9d3-ef26c2143981>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '889', 'url': 'http://www.chemistry-assignment.com/55-3-production-of-cement', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-17\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3471909165382385', 'original_id': '62e935ac3c28c29191eb767c61905825880893781c9bd108121d60a8f738e4e9'} |
Elitist Film Critics Sneer at Religious Freedom Epic: 'Catnip for Crusaders'
The movie, directed by Dean Wright, tells the story of a Catholic uprising against religious persecution in 1920s Mexico. However, Los Angeles Times film critic Robert Abele sneered, "'For Greater Glory' is mostly single-minded, dying-for-the-cause fodder, catnip for crusaders but not so interesting to those looking for a deeper view into how politics and religion can tragically clash."
Abele huffed, "...The film is ultimately a stodgy, overblown and repetitive slog."
New York Times critic Stephen Holdin minimized the story of Jose Luis Sanchez del Rio, a 14-year-old who refused to renounce his faith: "The boy’s arrest and persecution are staged as a kind of passion play exploited for maximum teary-eyed outrage." (Although, in fairness, Holdin did go on to describe the child as a "fearless young warrior.")
Detroit News reviewer Tom Long could barely hide his disinterest in the movie's subject matter:
Apparently in the 1920s, the Mexican government went on some sort of rampage against Catholics. Priests were shot, churches shuttered, that kind of thing.
Not surprisingly, since the entire country pretty much converted to Catholicism, a rebel force arose to fight for the right to be Catholic. In the film, an atheist general (Andy Garcia) agrees to lead the rebels because he believes in religious freedom.
And then lots of people get killed. Priests, children, endless soldiers shooting one another. Director Dean Wright has obviously been charged with creating a Historic Epic here, with all the fuss and overkill that requires.
Once again, some of the nation's most prominent film critics have shown their disdain for movies with strong religious content.
To see MRC President Brent Bozell's review of For Greater Glory, go here.
[Thank you to MRC intern Kelly McGarey for her assistance.]
Scott Whitlock
Scott Whitlock | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '70', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9457681179046632}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48981', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SA5FUORKQSPPJ3WNRUAPPYTKLHBAHSZT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:03fb2847-c215-40b6-b568-773c12d0aed0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 22, 6, 23, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.175.56.184', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UOYGOUH3NJQ7Z7SKNVTZBUDIAF37CWJN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cfb04236-e5ec-4764-91f0-069a3a5e8623>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://newsbusters.org/blogs/scott-whitlock/2012/06/01/elitist-film-critics-sneer-religious-freedom-epic-catnip-crusaders', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7246613b-a3f5-4050-b475-7bf09006b307>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '381', 'url': 'http://newsbusters.org/blogs/scott-whitlock/2012/06/01/elitist-film-critics-sneer-religious-freedom-epic-catnip-crusaders', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2576035261154175', 'original_id': '6112394696fd7ea7c35c0d1b19d3a1253eea23755b3b77656ad3260c24ffd1f4'} |
Streetwise Professor
September 1, 2022
European Sparks & Darks Tell a Fascinating Story
While writing the post on European electricity prices, I was wondering about the drivers. How much due to fuel prices? How much due to capacity constraints? Risk premia?
Spreads, specifically spark and dark spreads, are the best way to assess these issues. Spark spreads are the difference between the price of electricity and the cost of natural gas necessary to generate it. And no, dark spreads are not the odds that Europe will shiver in the dark this winter–though I’m sure that you can find a bookie that will quote that for you!: a dark spread is the difference between the price of power and the cost of coal required to generate it. In essence, spark and dark spreads tell you the gross margin of generators, and the value of generation capacity. High spreads indicate that capacity is highly utilized: low spreads that capacity constraints are not a maor issue.
Sparks and darks depend on the efficiency of generators, which can vary. Efficiency is measured by a “heat rate” which is the number of mmBTU necessary to generate a MWh of electricity. Efficiency can be converted into a percentage by dividing the BTU content of electricity (3,412,000).
Electricity is a highly “spatial” commodity, with variations across geographic locations due to the geographic distribution of generation and load, and the transmission system (and the potential for constraints thereon). Moreover, since electricity cannot be stored economically (although hydro does provide an element of storability) forward prices for delivery of power at different dates can differ dramatically.
Looking at sparks and darks in Europe reveals some very interesting patterns. For example, comparing the UK with Germany reveals that German day ahead “clean” sparks (which also adjust for carbon costs) are negative for relatively low efficiency (~45 percent) units, and modestly positive (~€35) for higher efficiency (~50 percent) generators. In contrast, UK day ahead sparks are much higher–around €200.
Another example of “identify the bottleneck.” The driver of high spot power prices in Germany is not limitations on generating capacity–it is the high fuel prices. (Presumably the lower efficiency units are offline in Germany now, as their gross margin is negative.) Conversely, generation capacity limits are evidently much more binding in the UK.
But if you look at forward prices, the story is different. Quarter ahead clean sparks in Germany are around €200, while in the UK they are over €300. Two quarter ahead (the depth of winter) are almost €600 in Germany and a mere €300 or so in the UK. (All figures for 50 percent efficiency units).
These suggests that capacity will be an issue in both countries, but especially Germany. Way to go, Germany! Relying on solar in a country with long nights ain’t looking so good, is it?
The wide sparks also undermine attempts to blame it all on Putin. Yes, high gas prices/gas scarcity courtesy of Vova is contributing to high power prices, but that’s not the entire story. Though to be fair, more gas generating capacity wouldn’t help that much if they become energy limited resources due to a lack of Russian gas.
The high forward prices may also reflect a high risk premium. My academic work from the 2000s showed that there is an “upward bias” in electricity forward prices. That is, forward prices are above–and often substantially above–expected future spot prices. My interpretation was that this reflects “spikeaphobia”: power prices can spike up, but they are supported by a floor. This means that being caught short is much riskier than being long. This creates an imbalance between long hedging (to protect against price spikes) and short hedging (to protect against price declines that are likely to be far smaller than upward spikes). This creates “hedging pressure” on the long side: if speculative capital to absorb this imbalance is constrained, this hedging pressure drives up forward prices relative to expected spot prices.
The imbalance is likely exacerbated by the fact that there are large fuel price spike risks too. Moreover, the price and liquidity risks that speculators absorbing the imbalances must shoulder is likely raising the cost of speculative capital in electricity trading, meaning that there is both a demand pull and cost push driving the risk premium. Thus, I conjecture that some portion–perhaps a hefty portion–of the large spark spreads for German and the UK is risk premium. (Back in the days I started to estimate the risk premium in the US markets in the late-90s, the risk premium was as much as 50 percent of the forward price. That decline substantially over the next decade to about 10 percent for summer peak as the electricity markets became more “financialized.” Financialization, by the way, is usually a pejorative, which drives me nuts. Financialization typically reduces the cost of hedging.).
In the aftermath of the mooting of EU proposals to intervene massively in electricity markets, especially through price controls, forward power prices have plummeted: the above figures are from before the collapse. Price controls would impact both the expected spot price and the risk premium–because they take the spikes out of the price. However, as I noted in my prior post, this is not good news: if prices cannot clear the market, rationing will.
Dark sparks also tell a fascinating story. They are HUGE. The German dark spark for 2 quarters ahead (Jan-Mar) is over €1000, and the UK dark spread is over €600. In other words, it’s good to own a coal plant! By the way, these are clean darks, so they take into account the cost of carbon. Meaning that the market is sending a signal that the value of coal generation–even taking into account carbon–is very high. This no doubt explains why despite massive green and renewable rhetoric in China, the Chinese are building coal capacity hand over fist. It also points out the insanity of European policies to eliminate coal generation. Even if you believe in the dangers of carbon, the way to deal with that is to price it, rather than to dictate generation technology.
To give some perspective, the above figures imply that a 500MW coal plant in Germany was anticipated to produce €870 million in value in 23Q3 (24 hours/day x .80 operating rate x 91 days/quarter x 500 MW x €1000/MW). That’s more than the cost of a plant. Even if you cut that in half to take into account today’s power price collapse, it’s a huge number.
Think about that for a minute.
In sum, spreads tell fascinating stories about what is happening in the European electricity market, and in particular the roles of input prices and capacity constraints and risk premia in driving the historically high prices. But perhaps the most fascinating story they tell is the high price that Europe is paying to kill coal.
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1. “How In The Name Of God”: Shocked Europeans Post Astronomical Energy Bills As ‘Terrifying Winter’ Approaches
Comment by Pat Frank — September 1, 2022 @ 6:13 pm
2. My understanding is that when UK government policy was that coal must be abandoned because of Gaia the power stations were bulldozed.
It’s a bit like the Xhosa killing all their cattle.
Comment by dearieme — September 1, 2022 @ 6:34 pm
3. Thank you Prof for sharing the analysis and Pat Frank for the zerohedge article.
So, my understanding is, at least in Germany energy prices are not driven by energy-scarcity, they are driven by gas prices that are driven by the Russia sanctions of the West. For the winter apart from risk premiums the prices indicate also some expected energy scarcity, but the situation and prices needs still be seen within the context of the sanctions. Because European politicians were publicly talking about possible energy shortages in Europe already for the last two years.
Some bought diesel generators…the question is, can you run a cafe or fish & chips etc (examples in the zerohedge) without that much electricity or gas…wood burning oven and candlelight…and it’s a scam…funnily…the lady with the little cafe in Athlone, IE, still had a yellow-blue flag on her twitter account…is that reverse patriotism or how to call it?
Comment by Mike — September 2, 2022 @ 1:45 am
4. Given the short duration of the spike, what does everybody here think about the theory that Russian-aligned actors deliberately bid up prices in order to pressure the populations of Europe?
Comment by HibernoFrog — September 3, 2022 @ 1:12 am
5. @HF: I’d say the theory is redundant. Attempts to blame them Russkis, or them Chews, or them whomevers, are a distraction from recognising the follies of western politicians and the mugs who elected them.
Comment by dearieme — September 3, 2022 @ 8:12 am
6. What the Hell is Happening in Germany?
Figure 8: Clean Dark Spread CDS and Clean Spark Spread CSS in Germany, Perret, 22 Aug 2022. The clean dark spread is what a utility would earn if it would buy coal, buy CO2 certificates, and sell electricity in the free market (clean spark spread is same for gas).
Clean Dark Spread: 45%
Clean Spark Spread: 50%
Looks like agreement from abroad
Comment by Pat Frank — September 5, 2022 @ 8:03 am
7. @Pat Frank. Thanks, Pat. Very useful. The data don’t lie.
Comment by cpirrong — September 5, 2022 @ 1:11 pm
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5. "Vocab. 1" - too much new at …
"Vocab. 1" - too much new at once
Maybe it's just me, but I feel like there are too many prefixes introduced all at once in "Vocab. 1".
August 13, 2018
1 Comment
It is a lot of new material in one lesson for a beginner. One strategy to cope with it would be to only focus on a few and just use the hints to supply the others when you are answering questions. So you decide how many you can learn at one time and which ones you want to know first. Just try to memorize those and not use hints for them. Use hints for the others. As you do the course, gradually add a couple more at a time when you can handle it. In the meantime, use the hints as a crutch for the ones you don't know.
Another strategy would be to study the prefixes on your own for as many days as you need until you feel like you have them mastered. I learned some key ones that I felt were especially significant first and then the others sort of fell into place around those. I did have to look up the ones I did not learn as well for awhile. But having a few really solid in my head was better than only sort of knowing the whole group. I really recommend focusing on one or more at a time instead of all at one time.
August 13, 2018
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Unusual superior vena cava thrombus (partly obstructive) extending through right atrium to eustachian valve.
A 50-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease who was being dialyzed with an internal jugular catheter presented with fever. Transthoracic and transesophageal echo demonstrated a thrombus in the inferior vena cava, protruding into the right atrium and extending to the eustachian valve to which it was adherent. Multiple organisms grew from the blood as well as the catheter tip. Antibiotic therapy was started with Vancomycin and Gentamicin but later changed to other combinations according to sensitivity studies. Coumadin was also given. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '04a5480af97a63cdf93de86572e1df183ef0d4bf48a3456cfed9abf386ab3e98'} |
Saturday, September 17, 2016
Trump Rally Miami: 16 September 2016
The Donald was in town last night for his rally. Before that he had even had a big day "rick-rolling" the media re the Birthers, ha ha. I took my lovely wife and a friend of hers (who came to the US from Cuba at age 20).
Trump entered after Giuliani's rousing speech. Rudy played attack dog, and went after Hillary re Benghazi, etc. There are lots of ex-NYC-ers in Miami, so Giuliani is without question an asset in winning Florida's electoral votes for Trump.
Trump had his new "Les Deplorables" up on his giant LED screen behind him (link below image in case it does not show up here):
Bastille Day? Donald Trump entered his Miami rally on Friday as the theme song from 'Les Miserables' played and the video wall behind the podium flashed to tribute artwork including an insult aired by Hillary Clinton a week ago
Link to image:
* * *
The place was packed (2500 or so), and very high energy. Trump was also coming off a big day having pwned the media ("rick-rolled") the MSM, much to the consternation of CNN and MSNBC.
Before the rally he visited the "Little Haiti" area of Miami, where he was apparently very well received. Trump is now gathering supporters in the African-American community (at the rally) as well as the LGBTQ community (also there).
There were no George Soros operatives there causing trouble. They would probably have been thrashed had they come...
Among the highlights:
-- his excellent comments on us, "The Deplorables" (that is backfiring on Hillary now)
-- his obvious high energy (contrast that with, oh, well you know who)
-- his comments on the plight of African-Americans, having had no favors done for them by Obama...
-- his staunch defense of the Second Amendment (asking why Hillary needs so many guns around her)
-- similarly, mentioning the 3000 people shot in Chicago this year alone despite strict gun laws...
-- his rousing remarks on Cuba and Venezuela (plays very well in Miami, immigrants)
-- comments on coal and jobs lost in mid-America
Perhaps the high point:
Trump (asking the crowd re The Wall): "And who will pay for it?"
Miami: MEXICO !!
* * *
The crowd was spontaneous in its cheers... No need for cheerleaders or "Applause Now" on the screen. Favorite chant:
"Lock her up!"
* * *
High energy. Enthusiastic. Even the music (Lee Greenwood's "God Bless the USA"):
(Compare this music to what you hear at the Clinton rallies...)
* * *
Pictures, although they do not turn out well as the LED screen was so bright, and I am a strictly amateur photographer...
Before the speakers (Florida state flag at upper right):
Rudy Giuliani:
Trump enters with his new "Les Deplorables" motif, the screen was too bright for my iPhone):
Trump will be very strong in Florida.
Sunday, May 29, 2016
The Unicorn
“A man’s problems arise because of some lack within him—and how can the same self that produced the problem overcome them? The ox, the mule, or even the donkey will obediently pull your plow and your cart and take them exactly where you want them to go; but you have to have a destination and know how to get there. The unicorn, on the other hand, will not do chores or follow a prescribed route. He knows where he is going, and you couldn’t direct him because with your present consciousness you have never dreamed of such a place. But someday the unicorn will suddenly appear at your side, eyes flashing, nostrils quivering, pawing the ground with impatience. When that happens, do not try to put a bridle on him, or to look for some task for him to do. He will not do it, and there will be no time. No sooner does he appear than off he will go again. So do not pause to think twice, do not turn to look behind you. Leap upon his back, for he is a flying steed, and he will wing his way to the gates of the morning. On that ride problems are not solved—they are dissolved.”
-Emmet Fox
Last night the unicorn appeared by my side. I was not sure, how can one be? This time I did not hesitate, I jumped on. I almost did not, but I did. I had my demonstration, and it made all the difference.
Monday, April 25, 2016
ZIRP And NIRP Pervert The Financial System
We are seeing an unusual phenomenon (very low interest rates) nowadays that is only partly being discussed in the press. Many savers, however, are very aware of low interest rates as they receive next to nothing (or worse) for their money in the bank. The general reason given for low interest rates is that they encourage economic growth (in that people would borrow more to invest). Indeed, our own Federal Reserve (America’s central bank, the “Fed”) has lowered and kept rates low since the Great Financial Crisis of 2008/2009.
Recently (December 2015) the Fed raised their overnight rate some 0.25% (a small amount), but since 2008 the trend has been to lower rates. Until very recently most observers expected the Fed to RAISE rates perhaps four times in 2016 because of an improving economy and somewhat higher inflation. The Fed’s latest opportunity (March 16) was to NOT raise rates, and most observers (including members of the Federal Reserve itself) believe that the Fed will not aggressively raise rates.
In fact, we are nearly at “ZIRP” (Zero Interest Rate Policy) here in the United States. This has numerous effects (discussed below), most of them actually negative. There is even talk here of instituting “NIRP” (Negative Interest Rate Policy”), following the lead of central banks in Europe and Japan.
Perverse Effects of ZIRP
In financial history, ZIRP is rarely seen. In fact, this acronym only became well known in just the past year or two. ZIRP has now been tried in all of the Western industrial countries with the idea of “stimulating” borrowing and investment to “get the economy moving” (the economy has grown very slowly since 2009).
Easily seen is one big effect: very low rates paid to savers in bank savings accounts and for CDs. The rates that we receive hover around 0.1% (one tenth of one percent). Yet there is inflation, the figures are disputed (and vary considerably), but price inflation is probably in the range of 2% - 4%. This means that savers are LOSING money (in real terms taking into account inflation), and those losses are perhaps about 3% per year! It is now very hard to get any real income, the 10-Year Treasury Bond currently yields under 2%. And tying up money for 10 years seems risky for that 2% which at best matches inflation…
In fact, the picture is even worse for savers. Pension funds, insurance companies and even Social Security are affected by low rates. There are no good ways for the insurance companies, pension funds and even the “Social Security Trust Fund” to make any returns that they need to receive to be able to complete their financial commitments. Social Security (already with separate financial problems) invests in Treasury Bonds, which do not make nearly enough interest income to be able to pay out to people in their coming retirements…
There is another effect that is rarely discussed but is important t understand. In a financial environment that has interest rates going down, capital is actually destroyed rather than being created! This can be explained as follows:
n As money is borrowed in a declining interest rate environment, the “new borrower” gets a financial advantage versus his competitors: his borrowing costs are lower than his competitors who borrowed earlier (at higher rates, and so has to pay more than the new borrower).
n As rates keep going lower, this effect magnifies, the “old borrowers” are at an even worse disadvantage.
n There are ALWAYS more “old borrowers” than “new borrowers”.
Thus, the capital of “old borrowers” is destroyed at a faster rate than capital being created by “new borrowers”.
The respected financial authority Dr. Antal Fekete has discussed this at length, many of his theories are easily available on the Internet.
If ZIRP is Bad, Then NIRP is Even Worse!
Again, NIRP (for regular people) means that you must PAY the bank to deposit (hold) you money. You do not get paid interest, you pay. This has not yet happened in the US (with a few quiet exceptions). Negative interest rates are now seen in Europe and Japan. Europe has been experimenting with NIRP since 2014, Japan has followed a roughly similar path.
Think about this for a moment: if you save money, you will LOSE some of it paying the banks! Yet the economists say that what the USA (and Europe & Japan) need is more savings (and so investment, to invest there must be savings to put to work). NIRP introduces a perversion to the financial system not yet seen in history.
The pension funds, insurance companies and Social Security all need to make money to pay their future obligations. This becomes even harder under NIRP than with ZIRP. Many pension funds and government obligations are already under-funded, NIRP makes it harder for them to come up with the money to pay. Savers take note! Do note, however, that BORROWERS like us would NOT get any “negative rate”, there is no way the banks would pay us to borrow from them!
Another perverse effect of NIRP would be that the lower rates going even lower means that even more capital gets destroyed. Edward Chancellor recently wrote (in February:, that companies would likely NOT invest money in a NIRP, in that their expected profits of making products in the future would be less.
An even more interesting effect of NIRP would be the unusual one of saving cash, as in CASH money. Holding cash itself means that that cash would not be losing money in a bank account (or CD). Holding cash yourself means one would “earn more” than paying the bank for the privilege. Similarly, having cash in the bank (that costs you money) means that there is an incentive to pay bills immediately rather than waiting (the opposite effect that is more familiar in inflationary times when it is better to WAIT on paying bills because inflation causes future dollars to be worth less after inflation’s effects). An over-simplified example:
n Let us assume a “Negative Interest Rate” of 2% (the approximate rate in Switzerland).
n Let’s say you just bought a car for $20,000 and you have the cash to pay now. You are given the choice to pay now or pay later (paying the $20,000 in one year let’s say).
n If you pay now, you pay $20,000.
n If you decide to put the money in the bank, and have to pay 2% for the “privilege”, than in one year you have only $19,600. You would then have to pay that AND come up with $400 more to complete your obligation to pay $20,000.
n You will likely pay the $20,000 right away, or hold the cash at home and then pay the $20,000 after that year.
Think that’s perverse? It gets worse. As implied in the above example, one way to avoid paying the bank under NIRP is to NOT deposit your money into the bank, and just to hold on to it. If you would only have $19,600 after one year (in the above example) in the bank, while you would keep your $20,000 by holding the cash itself, many people will just hold onto the cash and be $400 “ahead”.
This effect of people holding cash has been discussed by the central banks (and even the Bank for International Settlements (the little known but very powerful institution in Switzerland that is considered “the central bank’s central bank”). The talk among central bankers and other financial pundits (ex-Treasury Secretary Larry Summers and Harvard professor (and author) Ken Rogoff have discussed banning $100 bills, and even banning cash itself! Sweden has a proposal to ban cash in five years, but in mid-March 2016 they are walking that back, as the elderly and the disabled would have problems not having the option of using cash.
Banning cash itself? That idea is worth exploring:
n Almost all payments would have to be by credit cards or debit cards. Note that most retail sales involving credit cards incur a cost of about 3% (less for debit cards). This 3% is now just “eaten” by the merchant. This means, in essence, that prices would be up to 3% higher than now.
n If all transactions had to be done by credit card (or debit card) that would make it very easy for the government (and the banks and card companies) to monitor your purchases! Would you like that loss of privacy? And, yes, the banks and credit card companies would be an even further juicy target by malicious computer hackers looking for big money.
n There have been some examples of what happens when the power goes out, and gas stations (etc.) cannot take credit card payments because the machines don’t work due to storms, etc. If there were a hurricane that came roaring through a city knocking out power in an environment where cash was banned, then you would not be able to pay! No electricity, no credit cards would work. And with a ban on cash, how would you buy food or groceries?
It gets even more perverse. If the governments of the world decided to ban cash, then all money (not counting gold) would be in banks. That introduces two other problems: the risk of money in the banks being frozen (as in Greece in 2015) or even seized (the “bail-in” that happened in Cyprus in 2013, the bail-in was a partial seizure of depositors’ money). ALL money would be at risk of being frozen or “bailed-in”. And bank account holders could do nothing about it.
Finally, scary as ZIRP and NIRP could wind up being, it is not clear that those policies would even work! Japan and much of Europe have not gotten any better in the past year or two despite ZIRP and NIRP. They have lowered rates to below zero in several cases, with apparently no good results!
In sum, the current policies of the major central banks to lower interest rates to zero (already here in the USA) and even to NEGATIVE interest rates (seen in Europe and Japan) create perverse incentives, incentives to NOT invest money (which the Western economies need), incentives to hold cash to protect savings, and incentives to pay bills more quickly with “hot potato” money in the banks are all unprecedented and perverse effects. Yet, the central banks are reluctant to RAISE rates (which they probably should have done a few years ago) because of fears that the financial markets and the economies themselves would be wrecked. The central banks are in a tough spot…
I asked to interview an officer of one of the local banks on this topic so I would have his views. He told me that he would not talk, that to talk with “the press” would have to go through their corporate offices.
Saturday, January 16, 2016
Photos for Testing HTML re
Today's post has several images that will eventually go to my new (inactive now!) website.
Bearings & Hub Assemblies for Hyundai Accent & Sonata:
Two Pallets of Hub Assemblies for Hyundai (Ameru Trading del Peru S.A.):
Afternoon Snack in Lima, Peru (at "Chantilly" in Surco):
Mt. Everest (Nepal):
Wednesday, December 9, 2015
10 Grams of .9999 Fine Goodness from India
We were just in India and Nepal for our 30th Anniversary. A great trip, but not an easy one, not even on an expensive tour staying at very fine hotels. If you are in India, odds are you will get sick along the way, but get the vaccinations! There are a lot of microbes just waiting there for you...
* * *
It's well known that India has a genuine affinity for owning gold. It took me some time hunting around, but I was able to buy this 10 gram coin in Jaipur (Rajasthan, India). 10 gm works out to almost 1/3rd of an oz. The size is just slightly larger than a 0.25 oz Gold Eagle (so about the size of a US nickel).
The "double T" logo is that of Tata family, who owns the prestigious Tanishq jewelry store chain of India. .9999 fine gold does not come from India as far as I know. I believe these are minted in Switzerland for Tanishq.
* * *
The Tatas own a lot of other assets there as well, including Tata Motors (which has owned Jaguar since 2008). Tata makes the world's cheapest car too (the Tata Nano) costing a mere $2300 new:
* * *
I will put up some other photos that *may* be of interest in the coming days on India and Nepal. Both very interesting countries, but both with huge problems. India in particular has made more progress than I had thought.
We'll see where my blog goes from here...
Wednesday, March 4, 2015
Experiment: Saving a .pdf with
My blog is on "Hiatus", and for at least a while to be only used for my idiosyncratic uses...
The below experiment is sending a hash of a .pdf file (two pages) for permanent placement on the blockchain. hash of this article:
* * *
-- File Name (Home Computer):
-- Description:
a .pdf file of our latest Invoice from Iljin of Korea
-- Downloaded and saved 4 March 2015, starting time approx. 23:30 US ET
-- hash ("Document Information"):
-- wallet address:
-- Amount (Bitcoin) sent to above wallet ID:
-- Blockchain block number:
-- Blockchain hash number (Transaction ID), my payment:
-- Blockchain hash number (Transaction ID), their placement of my document on the blockchain:
-- OP_RETURN via (c047350beb...):
OP_RETURN 444f4350524f4f461bb311f3da1388bdde59926c8d0b0b77f673e8d4b6249b48c20c507fd3e5503b
(decoded) j(DOCPROOF � �� ���Y�l� w�s�Զ$�H� P��P;
-- Other output (
5 Mar 2015
5:29 GMT
OP_RETURN (via, "decoded part") magnified, note symbol (red):
-- Public Note (best viewed via, "my payment" transaction ID above):
Public Note: IJG-141218AMERU.PDF
1) Yes, proofofexistence waits for a confirmation... This takes an average of 10 minutes. It can take quite a bit longer (and is in this case, this block took 40 minutes to be found).
2) Yes, proofofexistence confirms my hashed document is now on the blockchain successfully encrypted, placed and hash number confirmed.
Monday, November 24, 2014
What If We BEARS Are Wrong?
For decades I have typically been bearish, very cautious re stock prices and other investments. In my column today, I would like to review the performance of some investments followed by many, and these people include heavy hitters (eg, pension fund managers) who manage money on a professional basis for other people.
It is important to note that "cherry picking" time frames very much influences price performance of investments! I am trying to show both long-term price patterns (20 years) as well as medium term patterns (3 years), but I will comment on price movements for other time frames as well.
Common stocks of US companies are a major component of almost all funds (pensions & retirement funds, mutual funds for general investors, etc.). The "S&P 500" stock price index is probably the most commonly referred to index of investment pros (as the Dow Jones Industrials index has various well-known problems and is limited to just 30 companies).
The below chart shows the performance of the S&P 500 over the last 20 years or so (last price 2063 last Friday, 21 Nov). Over this particular long period, the performance of the S&P is pretty close to its "long term average" of about 8% per year (not including dividends, nominal dollars (does not include inflation)).
These past 20 years have included such scary times as the tech crash in 2000 as well as the financial crash of 2008. Note the two well-known "Double Tops" of 2000 and 2007, these are formations that technical traders follow.
8% plus dividends is not bad at all! For 20 years... Compared to many other longer-term investments, that is hard to beat.
If we look at the shorter-term, the percentage gains are even better. "Exquisite timing" of buying at the March 2009 lows until now would yield a spectacular return of around 20% per year!
Just looking over the last three years ("weekly chart", from is spectacular in its own way as well (*click* this or any image for a clearer view):
Woooowww... That is one of the most spectacular (unusual) charts I have ever seen. The S&P 500 has gone almost straight up since about January 2012. Why, it almost looks manipulated!
Doing the (approximate) math tells us that the S&P 500 is up about a mighty 20% per year (again not including dividends). This pretty much matches the gains since the lows of March 2009.
20% per year (plus dividends, call it 1% more yields a total gain of some 21% per year) is a return very rarely seen among legitimate investments.
* * *
GOLD is perhaps the Bears' best investment. I hold a pretty fair amount of gold. I have owned physical gold since the late 1980s. Most gold that I have bought has been since 2002, I have bought fairly regularly (and in about the same quantities). Here is a 20 year chart of gold:
The time frame (Jan 1994:present) is the same as the first S&P 500 chart. Note that these are monthly prices of gold, so the very peak price seen in 2011 (almost $1900) is not shown. Still, the peak prices of gold are shown, as we holders of gold are aware...
Gold's price has been going up an average of about 6% in the above period. Here are a couple of other quick comments on the two 20 year charts (S&P 500 vs. Gold):
-- the charts look very different even though BOTH are up moderately
-- stocks being up some 8% per year (vs. gold at 6%) is a MUCH better performance
And, to illustrate gold's performance over the past three years (
* * *
Below is a chart showing performance of both gold and the S&P 500 over the past 20 years, this is just a combination of the earlier two charts.
Stocks outperformed gold from 1994 to about January 2008. Gold then was better until mid-2011. And more recently stocks have performed better. Being curious, I ran the 20 year data to get a correlation coefficient of 0.486, values around, say, 0.400 to 0.600 are considered "moderate" correlations by the statisticians. But, 0.486 for asset price increases for a 20 year period is rather low, remember that almost all prices are up over 20 years...
Below is a similar chart, but only for the past three years:
Mmm... Gold has gone down over the past three years while stocks have gone up. Granted, three years is not a long time, at least for this three year time frame, stocks have performed much better than gold. Correlation coefficient: an impressive -0.912! Stocks have been in favor, gold out of favor.
For this three year period, we BEARS (defined as bullish on gold and bearish on stocks) have been wrong!
* * *
There are lessons to be learned here...
One topic I have written about at some length (and from different viewpoints) is on the idea of diversification. I continue to believe that a proper diversification is a key to maintaining good and less risky returns on investments. If I had had the "courage of my convictions" and gone "All Inn" on buying gold, say, three years ago, I would be down... I am going to state that for all but a tiny minority, diversification is a better investment idea than concentration.
Secondly, all of the above analysis is looking at the past... I still believe that we are in for rocky times ahead (even if I have believed THAT for a long time). It is possible that we BEARS may be right before long. *
* Even broken clocks are right twice a day.
Um, do some of us see a "Part Two" coming...?
Wednesday, November 12, 2014
Bitcoin No. 10, "The Ringer" And Provident Metals
A nice series of events has come together lately to provide some information that I hope is of use or interest to you dear readers.
I continue to dabble in Bitcoin, even with its price volatility. Just today (Weds., 12 Nov) it has spiked majestically, up some $60 (or 16%)! I was lucky to buy some BTC over the past 10 days or so while the price was in the $300s (so, yes, I "BTFD").
I bought an interesting new product from Fisch Instruments ("The Ringer"), a device which allows you to "ring" a gold coin (or silver or platinum) to check to see if it is counterfeit. The Ringer will be discussed below.
Also discussed below (after The Ringer) is my buying experience with Provident Metals, which is one of at least four precious metals suppliers who accept Bitcoin as payment.
* * *
I have now gained some experience in a limited amount of the Realm of Bitcoinistan. Almsot all of this I have written about in my various pieces in the "Fun with Bitcoin for Beginners" series I started late in 2013 as I was learning. Recently I have continued buying, mixing and now spending BTC (spending for just the second time).
It is hard for me to find actual PEOPLE to buy BTC from in my area, so I have found that the service that works the best for me is, who now will sell BTC by credit (or debit) cards in some 22 states.
Once I have the new BTC, I like to "mix" (aka "tumble" or "launder") them through two different services, in sequence if possible. These are the same two I have written about before:
So now I typically buy some BTC through trucoin, then mix them through (first) bitmixer and then through sharedcoin. I believe the latter service is only offered through wallets used with's wallet service. ( is perhaps the premier monitoring service of the vital BlockChain infrastructure of Bitcoinistan, I strongly encourage everyone to tour their interesting website)
So, Step One (for me) is buying the BTC from trucoin (the only real drawback is that you do not have the privacy offered if you are able to buy from a person that you meet). Once the incoming BTC are "confirmed (typically 8 - 15 minutes, but can be as long as 12 hours...), I then will send them (Step Two) on to bitmixer at the first opportunity. Their service takes anywhere from 20 minutes - 12 hours, depending on confirmation times (I do not know why sometimes it takes so long to get transactions confirmed). Once the BTC arrived "mixed" from bitmixer (and confirmed), I then run them through sharedcoin (Step Three), doing the pair of transactions bitmixer first and sharedcoin second means that I am likely to have less "taint" after multiple transactions... Less taint (and running the BTC through two different mixers with different algorithms) also means that very few hackers *as best I can tell) would be able to follow my BTC trail. Privacy. It's one of the things that Bitcoin is all about...
Simple, right? Steps One, Two and Three. Well, OK, I have a system down with which I am reasonably familiar, but there can be snags... The Bitcoin Ecosystem is a little clunky (like the Internet was in 1994, say, or PCs when they used early versions of DOS...). Clunky and (alas) somewhat error-prone.
I have had three "incidents" (problems) come up in the past three weeks or so. All three were resolved OK, I lost nothing, but my BTC did seem to be in peril. I will mention a bit on each incident, how it was resolved and how you can try to prevent similar from happening. OK, but, the very nature of the infrastructure of Bitcoinistan now is that these kinds of things are likely to happen.
1. My problem with trucoin arose because I had a new debit issued (with a new expiration date, of course) which did not match the one in trucoin's system. Updating and untangling this took part of a day, but I was not in a real hurry. Their team solved the problem pretty quickly and amiably. Bravo! Apparently (a guess) my situation was that a debit card change was not programmed into their software, they actually thanked me for helping to improve their service.
2. I also had a problem with sharedcoin, although this was several weeks ago. There was a glitch that happened right during the mixing process, I never got my BTC, yet they were sent (left my wallet). Yikes! I got through to their Help Desk, where the man suggested I try to recover the "intermediary wallets" (part of their mixing system). And I was able to recover them. Whew! But, I learned an angle, so on balance the experience was worth it.
3. The other day I had my problem with bitmixer. I am not sure exactly what happened, but the mixing process was taking very long, uncharacteristically so. The transactions I sent them were possibly confusing as well. It took a fair amount of back & forth with them to recover my BTC, my guess is that it was an involved process because they wanted to be sure that I was not scamming them and that they would be sure that the errant BTC actually DID belong to me, and that they needed to be SURE. I am going to guess that there is a lot of scamming going on in Bitcoinistan, the fact that BTC transactions cannot be "undone" makes it attractive for cyberthieves to try taking away money...
I learned three general rules that may help:
-- Follow instructions carefully! <== Very important! Document your actions.
-- Work in a calm and considered way with the service provider, with all info possible
-- Be patient, some problems work themselves out on their own (confirmations)
* * *
In my travels around the Internet, I found out that Fisch instruments (the makers of the fairly well known, well known among people who collect gold coins anyway, Fisch balances to detect counterfeit precious metal coins) also came out with a new product called "The Ringer".
The Ringer is a plastic device that holds a coin in its jaw and that has a plastic hammer that strikes the coin to produce a characteristic "ring". Most metals (in coin form) will ring at least a little bit (but not post-1982 pennies (zinc), lead "coins" or, importantly, tungsten). Here is a photo of The Ringer (black plastic near the back) with a page from their notebook (showing pictures of coins on the right) as well as my recently arrived platinum coin (a Platinum Eagle (USA) from Provident Metals (center-left):
The Ringer, page from Fisch (right) and Platinum Eagle from Provident
All coins will have a distinctive ring. The exact sound-signature of the ring depends on the metal (or alloy), the exact shape of the coin, and its size. A fairly easy way to learn about different rings of coins is to get a modern (1965 and later) quarter and a silver quarter (1964 and earlier, you know, when those coins were made with silver), and drop one of each onto a hard surface (a granite countertop or bathroom tiling both work fine). The silver quarter has a ring that is very distinctive vs the modern "clad" quarters.
The Ringer is precision-made to test the ring of coins, it works best on 1 oz coins, but will work on smaller ones as well. I have not yet tested The Ringer on smaller coins, but I did test them on a few 1 oz precious metals coins I have in my own collection. Here is a photo of my recently arrived platinum coin mounted in the jaw of The Ringer, ready to be tested:
The plastic hammer is not shown distinctly here, but is just below the left edge of the coin.
The Ringer is best used with a pen (or screwdriver in my case) to bend the hammer down so it will snap up and strike the left edge of the coin:
When the hammer strikes the coin, the coin will have a distinctive ring that is somewhat different than any other different coin. In the case of a Platinum Eagle, it rings, but the ring is subdued and goes away in less than one second. Here are some other "quick & dirty" results from my coin testing two nights ago (all 1 oz coins):
-- Platinum Maple (Canada), a dull ring similar to the Pt Eagle tested above
-- Palladium Maple, a nice ring, somewhat high tone, went on for several seconds
-- Silver Eagle, a decent ring, lasted several seconds
-- Gold Eagle, a very nice ring, went on and on (like a Chateau Latour...), beautiful!
-- Gold Buffalo (USA), a dull ring
-- Gold Kangaroo (Australia), another dull ring
I am very satisfied with The Ringer and will likely buy another. And probably one of their balancesa as well (to test weight and dimensions of Gold Eagles). The Ringer cost me $104.00 (delivered), it took a bit over a week to arrive from when I mailed my check.
See more (including an audio as well as a video) at their website:
* * *
I was also very satisfied with my just arrived Pt Eagle from Provident Metals. I bought the 2014 piece, which I have not seen (yet) at the coin shops I have been to.
The US Mint only re-started minting them after a pause of about six or seven years. {latinum Eagles are kind-of hard to find! For me anyway. Also the price that Provident offers them at is at least $50 less than the coin shops (if the latter had them).
I received the coin in three business days after ordering.
I also paid with Bitcoin! This was the second purchase I have made with Bitcoin (I bought a 0.25 oz Gold Eagle late last year). They do want 1% more for BTC payment (vs. a wire transfer or check), but that is not much for the convenience and speed of paying by BTC.
Provident has a wonderful selection of precious metal coins! Here is a link to their 2014 Platinum Eagle:
Provident has some kind of relationship with Elemetal LLC, my guess is that Elemetal owns Provident, but I am not sure of that, they do, at a minimum, have a special relationship. See the very interesting website of Elemetal LLC:
Elemetal is a prime advertiser in American Hard Assets, the magazine I review on occasion. I mentioned a while back that I was eventually going to try to learn more about Elemetal, as it seems to be very large (it owns Ohio Precious Metals, the largest gold refiner in the USA for example).
Watch this space, then... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9634546041488647}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '158332', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WR3V5QGHKUXLIFZ4ZRSBQGPXCYSTE6YT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:dba0f57e-1fdd-4717-b07b-dc9fd7a3fd85>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 26, 0, 15, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.218.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2MB3Z756DUJNPZ2OQETRLHHR4GTSSOSR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3925261b-5261-49e3-9f9a-8fdd01b4e49d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://robertmixblog.blogspot.com/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:094992ca-a535-4700-9bd0-6ac3b54682ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '5451', 'url': 'http://robertmixblog.blogspot.com/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-17\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02721470594406128', 'original_id': 'f8580404c75164b0ad5d8fed7f30470c3b1b4ba871184725db1ebd086b6c4b48'} |
Constitution & Conduct
Constitution of the Cardiff Independent Film Festival
The name of the organisation shall be “The Cardiff Independent Film Festival” abbreviated when appropriate to “CiFF”
Aims and Objective
1. To organise and promote an annual film festival aimed at exhibiting new talent and encouraging grassroots filmmakers.
2. To organise fund raising events for this festival.
3. To maintain a high standard of openness and integrity in our submission and award procedures.
1. To raise money through sponsorship, fund-raising events and charging submission fees to filmmakers.
2. To promote the event via the internet, social media, broadcast media and press.
3. To select a programme of films via a secret ballot amongst members of the committee.
4. To appoint a panel of independent judges to vote on festival awards.
5. To recruit volunteers to assist with the running of the festival.
6. To form partnerships with businesses and other groups where it is beneficial to do so.
Membership shall be open to anyone who wishes to join and assist with the running of the festival. Where membership is considered detrimental to the aims of the group, the Committee shall have power to refuse membership.
Management Committee
The Group shall be administered by a management committee of no less than three, with other members being appointed to specific roles by mutual consent as and when required.
The Group shall have a committee consisting of: Chairman, Treasurer and Secretary and any additional officers the Group deems necessary to carry out the required activities.
(i) Any money acquired by the Group, including donations, contributions and bequests, shall be paid into an account operated by the Management Committee in the name of the Group. All funds must be applied to the objects of the Group and for no other purpose.
(ii) Bank accounts shall be opened in the name of the Group. Any deeds, cheques etc relating to the Group’s bank account shall be signed by at least two (2) of the following committee members: Chairman; Treasurer; Secretary.
(iii) Any income/expenditure shall be the responsibility of the Treasurer who will be accountable to ensure funds are utilised effectively and that the Group stays within budget. Official accounts shall be maintained, and will be examined annually by an independent accountant who is not a member of the Group. An annual financial report shall be presented at the completion of the festival.
The group may be dissolved if decided on by mutual agreement by the Management Committee. Any monies remaining in the bank account shall be distributed to local arts charities at the discretion of the Officers.
UFFO Code of Conduct
1. Film Festival organisers should operate a transparent selection process and publish details of the selection process and the names of the Jury/selection committee (publication can be after a festival concludes)
2. Film festivals organisers should provide full contact details for the festival offices including address and telephone numbers and the names of the festival directors and or committee
3. A Film Festival should publish its legal status on its website (this only applies to a registered entity)
4. Film festival organizers should not under any circumstances share any personal financial data belonging to any filmmakers with any third parties
5. Film Festivals should publish a year by year history of festival winners and films officially selected
6. Film festival organizers, committee and or jury should not show or demonstrate any favouritism to any film submitted to the festival or attempt to influence other members of the jury or selection committee
7. Film Festivals should declare the number of films sought out and or invited by the festival organizers to participate in the festival prior to and before the general call for submissions is sent out
8. Film Festivals should provide the names of the selection committee and or jury members who viewed the submitted film screeners to the festival (this could be after the festival has concluded)
9. Film festival organizers should view at least 5 minutes of all submitted films
10. All Festival organizers should declare any conflict of interest that may arise from any film submitted to or invited to participate in the festival
Universal Film and Festival Organisation | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '126', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.927825927734375}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23795', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4COGO7IULD5VZMYSQFRLBPC7QH2ZC7AO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:21678928-11e3-4907-85e1-7acdf4615e41>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 25, 17, 12, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '158.69.79.203', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I2UXSVERGFJXKHEUW6P54JUH4SMIU226', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:47e926a1-db2d-487e-a066-b7fa1510b973>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://cardifffilmfest.com/constitution-conduct/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c7e223ed-9e8e-4b48-821e-77ade8b3cbf2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '694', 'url': 'http://cardifffilmfest.com/constitution-conduct/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-167-79-146.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-26\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.061389148235321045', 'original_id': 'c435bb68013f511596d875d167d5acd0639124c74e9df44a7f3d32097a822463'} |
Serene Life
by garik
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I understand that the entrance pupil is the image of the aperture as seen from the front of the lens. However, is the size of the entrance pupil the same as the size of the effective aperture? In other words, if I measure the size of the entrance pupil by looking at it, will that be equivalent to the focal length of the lens divided by the f-number (with the focus set to infinity)? I know that sometimes this is hard to estimate because of the shape of the aperture blades, but I was wondering whether pupil and aperture can be quite different (perhaps at very low magnification).
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1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Yes. F-number is defined in terms of focal length and entrance pupil diameter, so if you know any two of: entrance pupil diameter, f-number, and focal length, you can calculate the third number.
The equation that Wikipedia gives is:
N = f/D
where N is f-number, f is focal length, and D is entrance pupil diameter. Dividing both sides by f and taking the reciprocal of both sides gives you:
D = f/N
Note this sentence from the linked article:
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I was under the impression that the f-number was defined as the ratio of focal length and aperture, and that the entrance pupil was just the apparent size of the aperture. I tend not to necessary trust wikipedia. Here for example ( the f-number is specified as a ratio of "focal length to effective aperture diameter". – maupertius Oct 16 '13 at 15:27
Entrance pupil (EP) is the more commonly accepted technical term. Effective aperture (EA) means the same thing when referring to the aperture opening used to divide the focal length by to figure the f-number. But EA is less accepted in technical circles because it is less specific in some other ways. It gets confusing because when we say we are choosing an aperture setting of, say f/5.6, what we are really doing is selecting an f-number of 5.6. The effective aperture we choose to get a specific f-number, such as 5.6, will vary based on the focal length of the lens. – Michael Clark Oct 16 '13 at 21:22
Or, to put it another way, Effective Aperture (EA) is the apparent width/diameter of the Entrance Pupil (EP) as measured from outside the front element of the lens. But the EP also has additional properties beyond the EA. And Wikipedia is correct at this point: The width/diameter of the EP is always used to calculate the f-number of a lens. – Michael Clark Oct 16 '13 at 21:30
If you have a non-circular opening, for example, you would need to measure the total area of the oddly shaped EP and then use the diameter of a circle that would yield the same area when dividing the focal length to derive the f-number of such a lens. – Michael Clark Oct 16 '13 at 21:37
Your Answer
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#include "GenericCurrentSense.h"
// GenericCurrentSense constructor
GenericCurrentSense::GenericCurrentSense(PhaseCurrent_s (*readCallback)(), void (*initCallback)()){
// if function provided add it to the
if(readCallback != nullptr) this->readCallback = readCallback;
if(initCallback != nullptr) this->initCallback = initCallback;
}
// Inline sensor init function
void GenericCurrentSense::init(){
// configure ADC variables
if(initCallback != nullptr) initCallback();
// calibrate zero offsets
calibrateOffsets();
}
// Function finding zero offsets of the ADC
void GenericCurrentSense::calibrateOffsets(){
const int calibration_rounds = 1000;
// find adc offset = zero current voltage
offset_ia = 0;
offset_ib = 0;
offset_ic = 0;
// read the adc voltage 1000 times ( arbitrary number )
for (int i = 0; i < calibration_rounds; i++) {
PhaseCurrent_s current = readCallback();
offset_ia += current.a;
offset_ib += current.b;
offset_ic += current.c;
_delay(1);
}
// calculate the mean offsets
offset_ia = offset_ia / calibration_rounds;
offset_ib = offset_ib / calibration_rounds;
offset_ic = offset_ic / calibration_rounds;
}
// read all three phase currents (if possible 2 or 3)
PhaseCurrent_s GenericCurrentSense::getPhaseCurrents(){
PhaseCurrent_s current = readCallback();
current.a = (current.a - offset_ia);// amps
current.b = (current.a - offset_ib);// amps
current.c = (current.a - offset_ic); // amps
return current;
}
// Function synchronizing current sense with motor driver.
// for in-line sensig no such thing is necessary
int GenericCurrentSense::driverSync(BLDCDriver *driver){
return 1;
}
// Function aligning the current sense with motor driver
// if all pins are connected well none of this is really necessary! - can be avoided
// returns flag
// 0 - fail
// 1 - success and nothing changed
// 2 - success but pins reconfigured
// 3 - success but gains inverted
// 4 - success but pins reconfigured and gains inverted
int GenericCurrentSense::driverAlign(BLDCDriver *driver, float voltage){
int exit_flag = 1;
if(skip_align) return exit_flag;
// // set phase A active and phases B and C down
// driver->setPwm(voltage, 0, 0);
// _delay(200);
// PhaseCurrent_s c = getPhaseCurrents();
// // read the current 100 times ( arbitrary number )
// for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
// PhaseCurrent_s c1 = getPhaseCurrents();
// c.a = c.a*0.6f + 0.4f*c1.a;
// c.b = c.b*0.6f + 0.4f*c1.b;
// c.c = c.c*0.6f + 0.4f*c1.c;
// _delay(3);
// }
// driver->setPwm(0, 0, 0);
// // align phase A
// float ab_ratio = fabs(c.a / c.b);
// float ac_ratio = c.c ? fabs(c.a / c.c) : 0;
// if( ab_ratio > 1.5f ){ // should be ~2
// gain_a *= _sign(c.a);
// }else if( ab_ratio < 0.7f ){ // should be ~0.5
// // switch phase A and B
// int tmp_pinA = pinA;
// pinA = pinB;
// pinB = tmp_pinA;
// gain_a *= _sign(c.b);
// exit_flag = 2; // signal that pins have been switched
// }else if(_isset(pinC) && ac_ratio < 0.7f ){ // should be ~0.5
// // switch phase A and C
// int tmp_pinA = pinA;
// pinA = pinC;
// pinC= tmp_pinA;
// gain_a *= _sign(c.c);
// exit_flag = 2;// signal that pins have been switched
// }else{
// // error in current sense - phase either not measured or bad connection
// return 0;
// }
// // set phase B active and phases A and C down
// driver->setPwm(0, voltage, 0);
// _delay(200);
// c = getPhaseCurrents();
// // read the current 50 times
// for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
// PhaseCurrent_s c1 = getPhaseCurrents();
// c.a = c.a*0.6f + 0.4f*c1.a;
// c.b = c.b*0.6f + 0.4f*c1.b;
// c.c = c.c*0.6f + 0.4f*c1.c;
// _delay(3);
// }
// driver->setPwm(0, 0, 0);
// float ba_ratio = fabs(c.b/c.a);
// float bc_ratio = c.c ? fabs(c.b / c.c) : 0;
// if( ba_ratio > 1.5f ){ // should be ~2
// gain_b *= _sign(c.b);
// }else if( ba_ratio < 0.7f ){ // it should be ~0.5
// // switch phase A and B
// int tmp_pinB = pinB;
// pinB = pinA;
// pinA = tmp_pinB;
// gain_b *= _sign(c.a);
// exit_flag = 2; // signal that pins have been switched
// }else if(_isset(pinC) && bc_ratio < 0.7f ){ // should be ~0.5
// // switch phase A and C
// int tmp_pinB = pinB;
// pinB = pinC;
// pinC = tmp_pinB;
// gain_b *= _sign(c.c);
// exit_flag = 2; // signal that pins have been switched
// }else{
// // error in current sense - phase either not measured or bad connection
// return 0;
// }
// // if phase C measured
// if(_isset(pinC)){
// // set phase B active and phases A and C down
// driver->setPwm(0, 0, voltage);
// _delay(200);
// c = getPhaseCurrents();
// // read the adc voltage 500 times ( arbitrary number )
// for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
// PhaseCurrent_s c1 = getPhaseCurrents();
// c.c = (c.c+c1.c)/50.0f;
// }
// driver->setPwm(0, 0, 0);
// gain_c *= _sign(c.c);
// }
// if(gain_a < 0 || gain_b < 0 || gain_c < 0) exit_flag +=2;
// exit flag is either
// 0 - fail
// 1 - success and nothing changed
// 2 - success but pins reconfigured
// 3 - success but gains inverted
// 4 - success but pins reconfigured and gains inverted
return exit_flag;
}
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3 Fears Every Entrepreneur Must Overcome
Owners of Bradley’s and Knoxville Chocolate Company, Brad and Joy Hamlett, found themselves in a scary situation after purchasing a 100-year-old candy factory: Sales were flat but expenses doubled. “I just remember times when we felt like how are we going to make it? Something has to give,” said Joy. While the candy business might | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9585549235343932}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47547', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6ZYDLI2N3WGFVSHC7HBH3UAO3C3IYCVQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1981fdea-6732-4399-95f3-a4769cf8477f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 20, 44, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '130.211.154.245', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XYG7UVMX76MYY53HJYHJ7SCOCJ2QRI3Z', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6cf43f7a-88e9-45f5-bad7-264fd86fab8e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.pathwaylending.org/tag/halloween/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:105ba6ce-0210-420c-aaae-524381d484bc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '62', 'url': 'https://www.pathwaylending.org/tag/halloween/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-133.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030167222023010254', 'original_id': '2cb80d6e28f5b8778eb1d330ba77668daa3278d41fe9a5056860935ffee895ff'} |
Monday, November 24, 2008
Odds and sods
He said the interviewer went ape-shit.
He is now teaching amongst the heathen.
Sunday, November 23, 2008
On the faithful, the cynical and the sceptical...
Responses to the election of Barack Obama.
First the cynical, of which John Pilger is fairly representative:
Saturday, November 22, 2008
The sociology of the weather
I've often thought economic and social historians, when trying to uncover the forces that shape human history, have rather neglected one or two factors that I reckon have been hugely significant in the shaping the fate of peoples, in the moulding of national characters.
One of these is the weather. If you live somewhere like Scotland, you have plenty of anecdotal evidence that this has a huge impact on people's behaviour and the feeling in your bones bears witness to this - but there's precious little in the way of quantitative research done on this subject. Or if there has been, I haven't been made aware of it - and I haven't been made aware of it because if it exists, it isn't very popular.
I reckon there's a couple of possible reasons for this. One is that people don't like the determinism of such an idea. This requires a couple of qualifications. People don't object to determinism as such if they believe History is on their side and these determining forces will one day emancipate and vindicate them. This is the case with unreconstructed Marxists, for example - also those ultra-Hayekians who hold the unfettered free-market as the last great untried utopia. It's determinism without redemption that people recoil against. I've heard it argued that this is what people don't like about Max Weber: he offered only diagnosis and no cure - Calvinism without salvation.
Added to this is the banality of it: a friend of mine argues that people don't like to think their lives can be shaped by something so mundane. Why has Scotland exported so much of its population for so long - even to the present day? There are a number of plausible economic, social and political reasons suggested for this but in all the literature I've ever read on this subject, I don't recall anyone taking the "because it's fucking freezing" hypothesis anything like as seriously as they should - which brings me to this:
"The Shetland Islands have the best quality of life in Scotland, a study has shown.
Residents tend to have higher-than-average earnings, a greater chance of being employed and better health, according to the research. The area also benefits from the best education results and has a low rate of house-breaking.
The Bank of Scotland data assesses the quality of life in regions across the UK by examining a range of factors which include housing, environment and education."
These "quality of life" assessments tend to re-enforce my preference for more traditional economics. The study also cited lower than average house prices as an attractive feature of the Shetlands - but the reason house prices are lower is because there is less demand for Shetland housing. Since we can rule out low wages, unemployment, and crap education as variables here, I'd have thought the Bank of Scotland might have given more serious thought to including things like horizontal rain, low temperatures, high winds and minimal sunlight as factors when drawing up their quality of life index. But these are the sort of people who regularly come up with Canada as the best place on the face of the planet to live in. Yeah, right - the second biggest country in the world has only 33 million people living in it? Yet another case of the failure to apply the "fucking freezing" hypothesis, I reckon.
Thursday, November 20, 2008
Carnival of Schadenfruede
No links necessary; if you read blogs at all, you can't have failed to have noticed how everyone's enjoying the leaking of the BNP membership list. The BNP's response has been beyond parody, as the cartoon captures rather well.
But also hugely enjoyable has been the less dramatic discomfort inflicted on the Conservatives in England and the SNP in Scotland in the wake of the credit crunch. This is a bit rushed and I'll return to this topic in more detail later - just a couple of thoughts for now...
You might wonder why Gordon Brown's popularity has recovered, given that as Chancellor for ten years, he might be thought of as being a teensy-weensy bit responsible for everything that has happened. I'm thinking at least part of the answer is fairly straightforward. Opposition parties wheel out a number of alternative policies and make various criticisms of the incumbents but underpinning them all is usually one basic message: they present themselves as an alternative by saying, in effect, that this wouldn't be happening if we'd been in power.
The reasons why neither the Conservatives nor the SNP can say this with any degree of conviction should be fairly obvious. The number of people willing to believe the opposition narrative is shrinking simply because the opposition narrative is literally unbelievable.
I've particularly enjoyed Alex Salmond's discomfort. The SNP are the quintessential one message party. It is the same message preached by nationalists everywhere - that all the trouble in the world could be avoided if only we were independent. Does anyone believe this anymore - even in the SNP?
We don't have to take on board the cruder rhetoric coming out of the Scottish Labour party to demonstrate this - we only have to follow through the logic of what Salmond himself says. For example, when he says that being part of a larger economic unit does not insulate countries from the banking crisis, he is perfectly correct. But does he not understand that people will also see that being part of a smaller unit simply does not do for a country what he and his party have been claiming for it? Perhaps he thinks we're stupid? I hope so because it's this kind of lazy arrogance - part of Salmond's DNA, I would argue - that will be his undoing.
Then there's the Cameroons. Another essentially one message party - make the state smaller - confronted with a dwindling audience. And no wonder. It goes without saying that they cannot with any credibility claim the present crisis wouldn't have happened under their stewardship. But their response has been a disaster too. I think this is behind their present woes. It's not so much that Gordon Brown has played a blinder - it's that the Conservatives have lost confidence in their central message. Or perhaps they're simply confused. I would have thought the line they should take in the present difficulties would be obvious: support fiscal expansion through tax cuts in an effort to stave off deflation, then argue that spending should be cut in the future in order to pay for it. That would make tax-cuts 'permanent', would it not? Instead we get some drivel about National Insurance holidays for employers as an incentive to retain or recruit further workers.
The tax-cutting party has failed to advocate tax-cuts at exactly the time when they would be appropriate. The depth and scope of their failure is impressive, I'm thinking. No wonder their poll lead has dropped to only three points. Long may it continue. It should, and for good reason. Consider exactly how crap the Tories have been here. We face the prospect of a sharp economic contraction under Brown's stewardship. Furthermore, it is by no means certain that any measures the government has taken or plans to take will actually do much to avert recession or even avoid outright deflation. One of the things that concerns me about the new enthusiasm for 'Keynesianism' is that I don't think many people realise that economic history does not tend to support the thesis that recession can be avoided simply by pulling a few fiscal and monetary levers. But economic history does have plenty of cases where matters have been made worse by either pulling the levers the wrong way and/or opting to do nothing at all. This is the position the Tories find themselves in, I think.
The Tories are often said to have lost their reputation for economic competence when the pound fell out of the ERM. Labour benefited, despite the fact that they had advocated exactly the same policy. Part of the benefit of being in opposition, the conventional wisdom would hold because people notice the failings of the government more acutely than the opposition. That this benefit has failed to materialise for the Tories in the present circumstances is testimony, not so much to how well the government has handled this, but just how badly Cameron and his new model Tories have conducted themselves.
Tuesday, November 18, 2008
People losing their damn minds #25
I can't be alone in thinking evolution has taken a weird turn on one or two occasions? Colosseum TV brings us news that "celebrities" - i.e. those people in our society who are celebrated - are competing with each other in a new way. The winner is whoever shows themselves most willing to eat weird shit. For this sort of highbrow analysis of the human condition one naturally turns to the highbrow journal that is the Torygraph:
The final dish was a blind course, both celebrities had to pick from a "whatever's on the stick" or "whatever's in the tub".
Swash chose the stick and was presented with parts of a crocodile's genitalia. McLean followed suit, then finished off with a kangaroo testicle, winning the trial.
The victorious model was later collared by fellow contestant, television presenter Esther Rantzen, back in the camp, who told her: "I want to know about this crocodile ball bag."
McLean replied: "It's so bad, it was so tough. I asked (Ant and Dec) whether the (crocodile) ball bag was full of semen and it is so I swallowed crocodile semen... I asked if I could get pregnant."
We have to be careful not to conflate things here - there's being merely stupid, and then there's losing your damn mind. This case illustrates the distinction rather well, I feel. Thinking that eating a crocodile's ball bag might make you pregnant is the former. But if you think this is a possibility, yet you go ahead - presumably calculating that the potential benefit of being more famous outweighs the risk of giving birth to baby crocodiles, I think we can and must say that you have strayed quite decisively into the damn mind losing territory.
Nicola McLean: I'd have a caption competition were it not for the fact that I suspect there's probably too many of you out there whose minds work like mine.
Monday, November 17, 2008
On legal moralism
Lady Warnock's piece in the Observer today was, I thought, extraordinary. This is not because she advocates legal moralism - we've become used to this, especially recently. Rather it's the ambition she has for it:
"Kingsley Amis once said, truly: 'Nice things are nicer than nasty things.' On this hangs all morality. It is because we know that some things are intolerable, and other things are admirable, that we can talk confidently about violations of human rights, or of a better society. It is only because we have this knowledge that we can teach small children to put themselves in other people's shoes, to sympathise with those who are unfairly treated, or who are suffering, and so, in turn, they can avoid treating others unfairly or doing harm. Because we have this knowledge, we can teach children the elements of morality."
She then goes on to imagine that the state can and should all but eliminate prostitution and drug abuse. To argue otherwise is, as the above selection indicates, to surrender to moral relativism:
"Most actions that are criminal offences are also morally wrong; and when morality and law begin to diverge, society is in trouble."
One would hope all criminal offences are morally wrong - because if not, why would they be criminal offences? But the converse does not hold - the idea that something is immoral, ergo it should be illegal. The law should set a floor for human behaviour, not a ceiling. This has nothing to do with moral relativism - it's just a recognition that for liberty to endure, a distinction can and must be made between what is a crime and what is a sin. To go beyond this is to go beyond even traditional authoritarian conservatism and enter the proto-totalitarian world of Calvin's Geneva.
Sunday, November 16, 2008
Not dead...
Just resting. Working in a place I shall refer to only as "the Academy". Like Paris, Glasgow has large public housing estates on its periphery; desolate places of high unemployment and low expectations.
There, it goes without saying, the similarity between Glasgow and Paris ends.
Anyway, the Academy serves one of these areas.
We do "setting and streaming" at the Academy. On balance I'm kinda in favour of this - although it does have some problems. The most significant as far as I'm concerned is that it is actually impossible to "set" according to ability. Sets are made - can only be made - according to performance; it isn't a mechanism that can distinguish easily between those who perform badly because they are unable to do otherwise and those who are unwilling to do otherwise.
So you end up with sets that follow this general pattern:
1) Slightly mental.
2) Fairly mental.
3) Completely mental.
4) Too mental.
The justice in a situation where the not very intelligent have to put up with the really fucking annoying isn't always obvious to me, to say no more than that. It's a microcosm of the wider "debate" about more macro strategies such as selection according to ability or the use of vouchers. They are escape hatches; mechanisms to avoid group 4. Understandable - but education is compulsory and group 4 have to be taught somewhere and by someone. Those who advocate grand schemes for educational reform would merit more serious attention if they even pretended to be interested in these. But they don't - because they're not.
eXTReMe Tracker
Blog Archive | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1780', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9765269160270692}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '132559', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SBOR5UOOJLLK5HE74CGKSZA3EG7QCTRE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:80f6caf9-bc9b-4e10-80ca-cc2971129428>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 23, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.44', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:366QKYFHLZP4CTXVN6WZU6A2SF363MBT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c42cd679-21a2-4687-937f-0ca2837dd6fb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://modies.blogspot.com/2008_11_01_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9d630d8-6c48-4c23-bd7e-351649e1cc22>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '4060', 'url': 'http://modies.blogspot.com/2008_11_01_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11327296495437622', 'original_id': '164cd1054a3000a0246d525b0696d1c558508dbfe9e6ab6540c5a97c09345598'} |
It’s 9 years after the first ad, but Nels is still going strong, all because of the amazing powers of Flock-Kraft, AKA Micro Fluff, AKA Spray Suede. You’ll note he’s gone crazy, he’s flocking radios, christmas trees, toy piggy banks with top hats. I mean, can you believe it, a piggy bank wearing a top hat? And it’s flocked? That’s just insane. Plus he’s got a new spokesman, a “Mr J.F.K”; wink, wink, nod, nod. Yes, we all know the real reason J.F.K got so much play. Chicks dig flocking.
Nels is back, and this time he’s in COLOR! Well, at least in black and red. But, more importantly, Nels has has figured out how to engineer a finish so remarkable that it actually enters the THIRD DIMENSION. That means you can actually see it from the side! And it’s just so darn flocky. And really, who doesn’t want to flock their toy elephant? I know I do! You can flock everything: your radio, car, food, toothbrush, children, hell if you buy the jumbo pack, you can even flock Nels Irwin himself! Now that’s a deal!
Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital meat business. Big pay, full time jobs – HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after graduation. Diploma given. Job help. Thousands of successful graduates. Our 41st year! Send NOW for FREE catalog. No obligation. G.I. Approved.
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Thousands of skinny, rundown people who never could gain before have quickly put on pounds of solid, naturally attractive flesh, with these remarkable scientifically tested little Ironized Yeast tablets. What’s more, instead of that terrible tired feeling and jittery nerves, they now have wonderful new strength and energy, eat well, sleep soundly and with improved looks and new pep have won new friends and popularity.
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You see, scientists have discovered that many people are underweight and rundown, often tired and nervous, simply because they don’t get enough Vitamin B and iron from their daily food. Without these vital elements you may lack appetite and not get the real body-building good out of what you eat.
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TRY THEM WITHOUT RISKING A CENT
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Only be sure you get the genuine Ironized Yeast, and not one of the cheap, inferior substitutes often offered which do not give the same results. Look for the letters “IY” stamped on each tablet. You don’t want inferior substitutes.
Basically they are saying: “Choose the Army before the Army chooses you.”
This reminds me of mafia thugs demanding protection money and saying: “We can do this the easy way, or we can do this the hard way.”
He just lost his chance to make a choice.
His induction notice caught him with his decisions down. He waited too long to choose Army.
If he had acted sooner, he would have had his pick of more than 300 jobs. And his choice would have been guaranteed in writing before he joined up.
So don’t wait. Choose your specialty and get the best training in the world. In an outfit you can be proud of. There’s no better way to become highly skilled. No better way to fulfill your military obligation.
Also Put You in Touch with MARKETS EVERYWHERE. Large illustrated book and catalog, also copy of the AMERICAN RABBIT FARMER and monthly market bulletin showing names of buyers in various parts of America who continuously buy all rabbits offered them. All for 10 cents.
OUT DOOR ENTERPRISE CO., 113 Main St., New City, N.Y.
My favorite part is the line “The combinations are limitless!”, actually there are only seven combinations, unless you count each side burn individually.
THE LOOK YOU WANT – WHEN YOU WANT IT!
You will be Amazed at the Exciting Change in your Personal Appearance!
The Natural Look of these sideburns, mustache, and van dyke actually allows you to select the way you want to look. Older, Younger, Distinguished, Cool, Suave – you name it! Wear each one independently or combine them for the effect you desire – sideburns and beard, sideburns alone, van dyke alone, van dyke and mustache. The combinations are limitless!
All items are made of simulated natural hair to exacting professional standards. Firmly self-adhering. Can be worn with self confidence anywhere, anytime. They are so life-like you will have to remind your self they can be removed. FREE with each order, a complete guide that tells how to naturally wear your sideburns, mustache and van dyke. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '72e659e78e98700aa9150d8fb2fa241a87285dd3432e30ac0da848c1f6425753'} |
This Major Democrat Just Conceded Defeat
But one top Democrat just conceded defeat in a fight that would impact America for the next generation.
When Donald Trump nominated Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals Justice Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court, some Democrats immediately talked up the idea of a filibuster.
They believed the seat was “stolen” because Mitch McConnell – who was only following the precedent set by then-Senator Joe Biden – refused to hold hearings on Obama’s nomination of Merrick Garland since it was during an election year.
McConnell believed a lame duck President should not decide the makeup of the Supreme Court and that voters should have their say.
And in November, the American people chose Donald Trump – and one of the key reasons they chose him was because he had pledged to appoint conservative Supreme Court Justices.
Now that he’s made good on his word, there will be the usual confirmation battle.
But while some Democrats initially talked tough about filibustering Gorsuch’s nomination, reality has begun to set in.
New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand predicts Gorsuch will be confirmed.
Politico reports:
One way or another, Neil Gorsuch will be confirmed to the Supreme Court, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand predicted on Tuesday evening.
The New York Democrat said either Gorsuch will garner 60 votes or Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell will rewrite the Senate rules to allow Gorsuch to be confirmed by a simple majority. It’s a rare concession that Republicans will win what’s shaping up to be a vicious fight between a Democratic base urging party leaders to fight President Donald Trump’s pick and Republicans who have said they will confirm Gorsuch by any means necessary.
While Gillibrand urged her colleagues to “vote their conscience” on Gorsuch during an interview with New York news channel NY1, she said that regardless of Democratic tactics, “ultimately, yeah I believe he will be” approved.
The senator said she opposes his nomination “because he is so ultra-right-wing conservative.”
“I hope we do vote him down. But make no mistake: If we do hold the line with 60 votes, Mitch McConnell will change the rules the next day,” Gillibrand said. “I do not have any hope that he won’t change the rules the minute he doesn’t get his way. So it likely will be 51 votes, regardless, at any given time that a nominee is blocked.”
Gillibrand has positioned herself as the most ruthless of Senators when it comes to opposing Donald Trump.
She has voted “no” on twelve of Trump’s fourteen cabinet nominees.
That is the most from any Senator – including even far-left Senator Elizabeth Warren.
Many speculate this is because Gillibrand is fighting to occupy the farthest left space in the Democrat Party in order to set up a 2020 Presidential run.
But even she acknowledged that Republicans have the votes and the rules in their favor.
So, one way or the other, Gorsuch is getting confirmed.
And this defeat could keep the Democrats from taking over the Supreme Court for an entire generation.
Soon as the Liberals realize that America has changed it’s tune and turned Red, they will change some of they’re platforms to be more in line with sanity.
Alicia Cervera
i CERTAINLY HO´PE YOU’RE RIGHT, CAUSE THEY ARE REALLY LOONEY AND OUT OF CONTROL WITH THEIR LIES, HYPOCRISY CORRUPTION AND DEFIANCE OF OUR LAWS.
ALBERTJ
The far left will destroy itself because they are trying to rule everything we do an are trying to take away all incentives for a person to advance on there own which is one of the reasons we are a great country
James
The dems have been so busy trying to divide America that they have failed to see that such division has caused greater division within their ranks. And now that more and more Americans are beginning to see the dems behind the rioting, they are losing even more support.
I have seen this within my own family. Most of my family have been democrat for generations, but at our family reunion last year, the tenure has changed greatly. Now most of them are dumping the dems and going independent, just as i have been for the past 6 elections. Because of the globalist background of the Bush’s I quite the repubs. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b85604941956637e98f0dec42ba39842ee5345a6798b381a22c2103fbaf007d3'} |
Q:
Can I customize In[] and Out[] headers?
Can I customize the In[] and Out[] headers? I'd like to add $UserName, $MachineName and DateString[], evaluated at cell creation time, into those headers, so it's easy to know by whom and when any particular cell was generated by a glance. This is similar to why/how people customize UNIX terminal prompt.
A:
Maybe something involving CellEpilog:
SetOptions[
EvaluationNotebook[],
CellLabelAutoDelete -> False,
CellEpilog :> SetOptions[EvaluationCell[],
CellLabel -> StringJoin["Kuba was here ", DateString[]]]]
You can edit Stylesheet if you want to. I'm not sure if out could be modyfied this way too, but at the end of the day it is InputCell what is evaluated, isn't it? :)
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e4730e045c6e65c81274253531681a9eb9219f041bcd05e8bbd26c6ea384d8a0'} |
KYOCERA Document Solutions Europe
KYOCERA Document Solutions Europe
What does "ECOSYS" mean?
Kyocera Mita's fundamental technology breakthrough
We face global environmental problems in which each person is required to act responsibly on a local scale. It was natural that in 1992 Kyocera, a company founded in 1959 with its continuing mission of combining IT development, innovation and ecology, would become the first worldwide to develop a cartridge-free system for laser printers. Our ECOSYS technology has a direct and wide ranging impact on ecology. ECOSYS technology uses e.g. a patented amorphous silicon print drum and other long-life components, and as a result, requires only one consumable - the toner itself, no expensive cartridge system. However, ECOSYS is more than just mechanics, it is a principle considered from a concept. In developing printers, the three factors that we focus on are:
SYStem Printing
ECOnomy: Optimized workflow efficiency
Our technology is not only competitively priced, but will cost even less to operate.
Lower running costs
The Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of Kyocera Mita's ECOSYS devices is invariably the lowest in their class. TCO includes all costs: direct, such as the purchase price and operating costs per page and indirect, including maintenance, replacement of consumable products such cartridges, use of print media, administration of the machine and the costs of energy to power it. In organisations where a lot of material is printed or copied the cost of consumables can rise dramatically, particularly where relatively expensive cartridges containing the drum, developer and toner has to be thrown away and replaced frequently. Kyocera's ECOSYS technology significantly reduces these costs: cartridge-free printing means no replacement.
ECOlogy: Minimized environmental impact
Highly efficient use of energy, resulting less pollution and waste of resources.
Long-life components
Kyocera's expertise in the ceramics industry was the catalyst for the first amorphous silicon printer drum with a surface that is second only to diamond hardness. This has been further developed so that printers can be expected to have a very high workload. Tiny ceramic particles embedded in Kyocera's 'Ecotone' toner continually polish and recondition the drum during normal printing. The drum is guaranteed to last for up to 500.000 pages or three years, while our competitor's lower volume products have drums guaranteed for only up to 100,000 pages. The hard-wearing ECOSYS drum introduces new levels of paper handling - sheets up to 250 gs/m2 will pass through without affecting the drum. Sizes can be altered using different paper trays and there is also the facility to customise the paper size and type, as well as use a manual paper feed.
Conventional printers use an imaging cartridge which contains drum, developer and toner into a single, disposable unit. When the toner has depleted, the entire cartridge must be disposed of and replaced with a new unit at a significant cost to the user. In all Kyocera Mita models, the drum is separate from the toner. That is why with Kyocera Mita there is no need to replace everything; only the toner. Kyocera Mita's toner kit also has the added benefit of lasting up to 40,000 A4 pages (5% coverage). The result is that Kyocera Mita's ECOSYS printers create less waste than any other competitive product, while having the lowest comparable cost per print.
SYStem: Effortless system integration
Providing the very high productivity and output quality demanded by users worldwide.
Modularity and functionality
A printer is usually selected on the amount or type of work required at the moment of purchase, but what happens when the business grows or tasks change? With Kyocera Mita ECOSYS products a wide range of paper trays and functions can be added, along with several document output options. Kyocera Mita ECOSYS printers and copiers will easily handle paper and card, self-adhesive labels, overhead projection transparencies, and envelopes.This means that the initial investment in a long life, reliable document management system remains valid and secure, along with all the advantages that were reasons for the original purchase. Upgrades are also available with several Kyocera Mita devices so that even the engine-speed can be enhanced, maximising the long term benefit of the investment, especially as the operator's business grows. Technological progress means that computer environments and networks are advancing all the time: a printer that operates within all recognised networks is vital to ensure that it does not get left behind and becomes redundant.
Honors and Awards
Kyocera Mita's ECOSYS printers have been recognized around the world for their innovative technology and environmental friendliness. Competitive manufacturers may claim that recycling is the way forward, but the fact is that designing a product which significantly reduces the need to recycle is the real alternative, and that is where Kyocera Mita stands head and shoulders above the competition. ECOSYS is not a bolt-on addition; it is - and always has been - at the heart of the design and development. Ever since the birth of ECOSYS Kyocera Mita has been developing the technology for a colour ECOSYS device and 2003 saw the launch of the first A4 colour ECOSYS printer - the FS-C5016N.
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Q:
How to efficiently find out whether the user's current location is in the proximity of a lat long point?
I am thinking of building an Android application where people can drop down pins on an embeded Google Map in various locations. The condition for a user dropping a pin is that the pin must not be within a 100m radius of any other pin previously dropped. I am thinking of using firebase as a backend.
Looking up the distance between the location of the user and every pin on the map is not an efficient approach, since there may be thousands if not more dropped pins.
How would I go around solving this?
A:
GeoFire would be a good match.
GeoFire is set of open-source libraries for JavaScript, Objective-C,
and Java that allow you to store and query a set of keys based on
their geographic location. At its heart, GeoFire simply stores
locations with string keys. Its main benefit, however, is the
possibility of retrieving only those keys within a given geographic
area - all in realtime.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c606ac86d35147998627b12bd9f042e5161c7b24721daea174cb1896bafc9578'} |
Sign in to rate this game
MineStrike.fun is a fun Minecraft style game.
Eat cakes, cookies, cooked fish and everything you find to grow in size while you are small, most importantly do not eat poisonous potatoes, because it reduces your experience and you become smaller!
Attack smaller enemies, so you have a better chance of staying alive.
You can insurance yourself just run away from large enemies so that they do not kill you with one fell swoop of their powerful weapon or you can donate your experience to the enemy. But you won’t be able to run for a long time, because when you run, your experience decreases.
The game has only 15 levels:
1. Steve with a wooden sword
2. A bee with a sunflower
3. Pumpkin with a stick
4. Fish with a fishing rod
5. Ocelot with a stone sword
6. A pig with a stone pickaxe
7. Zombies with an iron shovel
8. Skeleton with bone
9. Creeper with an iron pickaxe
10. Drowned man with a trident
11. Enderman with a diamond sword
12. Zombie Pigman with a golden sword
13. Blaze with an blaze rod
14. Witch with an Enchanted diamond sword
15. Herobrine with nanosable
Hint: for players who disable the ad blocker, an additional 20% of experience is awarded!
One of the effective attack tactics: approach the enemy on the left side so that it is to your right and from your sword, then - immediately attack first!
Attack - left mouse button
Speed up - right mouse button
More Games | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '33', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.900431215763092}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '8917', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YULIBEJZEKOFLZX6JB5HDFCKZVIEX6XX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fee53d49-dbcd-40f3-911a-a5ab71297c40>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 28, 21, 2, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.201.80.84', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VZO2H6KOGPUL7PNWZXBRA3XQ3L4MHU6U', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6487dccf-ce5f-4496-a102-5938893c187f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://iogames.world/play/minestrike-fun', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e8b30b0d-b8ed-40ac-88c8-76333844c22b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '276', 'url': 'https://iogames.world/play/minestrike-fun', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-40\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07459473609924316', 'original_id': '51a1758b3350360559188e71c8ffabd108500c03d8cd7549b29f39d3a9732540'} |
RT
You Tube
March 29, 2011
There is an increasing pressure from lawmakers in Washington, as well as from the American public for President Obama to be more specific in the strategy for Libya. Radio host Alex Jones however argues there is more to it than an American/Obama agenda. He compared the situation with the US missions in Iraq, Rwanda and Serbia, where, he alleged, Al-Qaeda was created by the CIA and used to fight Serbs all as a part of an overall globalist agenda of the New World Order.
The Emergency Election Sale is now live! Get 30% to 60% off our most popular products today! | mini_pile | {'original_id': '71b3e982d821d7496a428d165e71ff569884a52abcc7f4d99686f1b3e9b1f67e'} |
<?php
return [
'urlView' => 'Backend',
]; | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/netxua/lado/blob/master/packages/Backend/Config/backend.php', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'lado', 'creator': 'netxua', 'language': 'PHP', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '7', 'token_count': '19', '__index_level_0__': '13746', 'original_id': '429e39e50d30266491d06f514e046686e45c4ec73ed0a988d05f27b9c29da7f9'} |
Site Web
July 28, 2017
How to Successfully Create a Bing Ad Campaign
Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google and president of Alphabet, Inc.
Thanks for the reminder, Sergey.
Through this column, I have advocated for leveraging other search engines like Bing many times.
Scads of marketers, however, view Bing as an inferior platform, akin to an empty meeting hall; barren of activity. This perception keeps them from advertising to the millions of people who use Bing every day, and that’s just bad business.
As it stands, Bing controls roughly 7.3 percent of the global search engine market and owns more than 21 percent of all desktop searches in the U.S.
And considering how similar Bing’s ad platform is to Google’s, there’s no good reason for businesses to have such adversity to promoting their offerings through this platform. Users can even import successful AdWords campaigns over to Bing with a couple clicks.
If you’re ready to set aside your unfounded judgments and start driving traffic with Bing ads, here’s what you need to know.
Keyword Research
As mentioned above, if you’ve used AdWords before, the learning curve is going to be relatively short.
Your goal here is to identify keywords that are relevant to your audience, your offering and clearly display the user’s intention.
This can be accomplished with a variety of keyword tools but, just like Google, Bing offers its own keyword research tool that will look very intuitive to AdWords users.
Here you can enter keywords relevant to your niche and start diving in to your options. You can also select the “Advanced targeting options” to refine your search by devices, languages, countries, etc.
Additionally, Bing also has a Keyword Planner tool that can be used to uncover ad groups that contain relevant keywords for your brand.
As always, keywords are the foundation of a successful campaign.
Campaign Creation
With your keywords in hand you can begin crafting your ad campaign.
Once again, there are bountiful similarities here.
Start by creating your campaign name. Usually you’ll want to name this so that it is easy to identify; maybe relate its title to the product you are advertising or the holiday and year it will run for (e.g. Christmas 2017).
Then select the time zone you want to target; this is where your audience lives and will help ensure they will actually see your promotions.
Next up is establishing your campaign budget. This goes by day so be sure not to set it as your total budget. For example, if you have a $700 budget and want to run your campaign for one week, then your budget is $100. Once you’ve reached this number for the day, Bing will stop running your ads and pick up again on the next day.
Finally, choose the language and locations your ads are targeting. As a general rule of thumb, the more narrow and refined your selections are, the better your campaign will perform.
Create Your Copy
Now comes what is arguably the most challenging part of running an ad campaign – crafting compelling copy that actually drives clicks.
First you need to identify an eye-catching title. This needs to reel in users to read the rest of your text.
Underneath the title is the ad text. This should explain your offer with enough detail and persuasiveness that users can’t help but click to find out more.
This process can be so incredibly challenging because you have such limited space to convince consumers that you are the solution they have been searching for.
If you don’t think you possess the skill-set to achieve this goal, you may want to consider hiring a professional. While this will cost you extra, it’s better than blowing your entire ad budget with promotions that have no chance of driving conversions.
Match Types and Ad Bids
Finally, it’s time to move on to identify which of your previously selected keywords will be attached to each ad set.
Simply go through your list and add them into the allocated space and click “Add” toward the bottom.
You do also need to establish the match type for each keyword you enter. Be aware that different match types can drastically impact the cost-per-click for any given keyword, so pay attention to this as you go.
For your match types you can select:
• Broad match: This will cause your ads to surface when individual words are used in any order or when related words are searched.
• Broad match modifier: This allows you to add certain modifiers to broad match keywords by using the “+” symbol. This will add a condition to what users search and will determine if your ad will surface or not.
• Phrase match: Only serves ads when all of the words in a keyword phrase match the search exactly and are in the correct order.
• Exact match: This means the query must match your keyword exactly in order to surface your ad.
• Negative keywords: These are words and phrases to exclude from triggering your ad. This helps to refine your audience.
At this stage, you can also choose where you want your ad to appear in the SERPs and use the “Advanced targeting options” to further hone in on your target demographic and setting time schedules for when your ads will run so that you ensure you are reaching your audience at peak traffic hours.
Bing’s ad offering is extremely similar to what Google provides its advertisers. That means you can cater to millions of individuals that you have neglected thus far by learning a platform that you are likely already fairly familiar with.
Considering that Bing has less competition than the Google SERPs, you may discover Bing can be your goldmine. Regardless, you won’t know until you try.
Do you think that Bing might be more beneficial for advertisers than Google?
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Re: service description vocabulary
From: Gregory Williams <greg@evilfunhouse.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Sep 2009 11:41:45 -0400
Message-Id: <DA783E71-04F3-4A5A-BA4A-4C6260E5BFCC@evilfunhouse.com>
To: Alexandre Passant <Alexandre.Passant@deri.org>
On Sep 25, 2009, at 3:38 AM, Alexandre Passant wrote:
> On 25 Sep 2009, at 03:41, Gregory Williams wrote:
>> Beyond what's currently listed in the vocab section of the service
>> description page[1], I think we need a way to describe the dataset
>> provided by the endpoint. This goes beyond what things like voiD
>> provide which is a way to describe a single graph. Therefore, I'd
>> like to suggest something like this:
>> <endpoint> sd:datasetDescription [
>> sd:defaultGraph <void-dataset-for-default-graph> ;
>> sd:namedGraph [
>> sd:graphName <graph-name> ;
>> sd:graphDescription <void-dataset-for-named-graph> ;
>> ] .
>> ] .
> So, in a quad store, you will describe each graph separately using
> voiD ?
> Won't it be too much information in the SD, e.g. if I have 1 million
> RDF files in my store, will have 1 million of voiD descriptions in
> the SD.
> It may be more useful to directly querying each graph to get that
> void-like information, if needed.
> What about having a simple description listing the list of graphs +
> default one + the voiD description of the complete endpoint.
Say you have 1 million named graphs (based on your description, I
assume "1 million RDF files" means 1 million named graphs?) each with
1 million triples, and a single default graph with 100 triples. At
least for my use cases (optimization and federation), getting a voiD
description of the graph-merge might very well be worse than having no
description at all. If I'm trying to estimate how many results I can
expect for any query against the default graph, having the description
of the graph merge wouldn't do me any good.
On the other side of things, if I look at the dataset description and
find that there's information about a single foaf:Person in the
dataset and I want to retrieve that information, how am I meant to get
to it if I don't know which of the million named graphs it's in?
Having a huge number of named graphs is clearly a challenge w.r.t.
size of the service description, but I'm worried that a voiD
description of the merged dataset isn't all that useful if it doesn't
give you enough information to turn around and query the dataset for
things you're interested in.
>> The lack of naming symmetry between sd:defaultGraph (for default
>> graphs) and sd:graphDescription (for named graphs) could probably
>> be made better (maybe sd:defaultGraphDescription?), but this
>> modeling allows each graph in the dataset to be described as well
>> as things to be said about the entire dataset.
> Strictly speaking, isn't the default graph also a named graph (since
> it generally also have its own URI).
Possibly, but it doesn't have to have its own name, does it?
> <endpoint> sd:datasetDescription [
> sd:defaultGraph [
> sd:graphName <graph-name> ;
> sd:graphDescription <void-dataset-for-default-graph> ;
> ] .
> sd:namedGraph [
> sd:graphName <graph-name> ;
> ] .
> ] .
If we can count on all graphs (even a default graph) having a name,
then this would be a good way to generalize the modeling. For
consistency, even without a graphName on the default graph, maybe we
should do this?
> while I'd think a simple way would be
> <endpoint> sd:datasetDescription <void-dataset-for-dataset> ;
> sd:defaultGraph <graph-name> ;
> sd:namedGraph <graph-name> .
Again, I'm not sure how useful the <void-dataset-for-dataset> would
be, since by this point you've lost the ability to discriminate
between the named (and default) graphs.
Also, it's come up briefly in the past, but we haven't done much
talking about the difference between including the dataset description
in the service description document, or providing a URL for retrieving
the dataset description if/when needed. I think both are important,
but it does make querying harder because you need to potentially
handle both cases. Thoughts?
Received on Friday, 25 September 2009 15:42:24 UTC
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Factors affecting help seeking for mental health problems after deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan.
This study assessed the prevalence of general medical problems, stress or emotional problems, and alcohol problems reported by members of the armed forces of the United Kingdom after deployment in Iraq or Afghanistan. The study also identified types of help seeking and factors associated with help seeking. A total of 4,725 military personnel who were deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, or both were asked about health problems attributable to the deployment and whether they had sought help for them. Data were collected through postal surveys between 2007 and 2009. Service and sociodemographic covariates and measures of current mental health, alcohol misuse, and functional impairment were included in the analyses. Of the 19% who reported stress or emotional problems, 42% sought help, most commonly medical help (29%). Of the 6% who reported alcohol problems, 31% sought help, most commonly medical help (17%). Medical help seeking for stress or emotional problems was associated with being female, holding a lower rank, having functional impairment, and meeting criteria for two or more mental health problems. Being divorced or separated was positively associated with nonmedical help seeking for stress or emotional problems. Help seeking for alcohol problems was associated with current mental disorders. Medical help seeking for stress or emotional problems was uncommon and was related to meeting criteria for two or more mental health problems. Commissioned officers were reluctant to seek medical help for stress or emotional problems. Help seeking for alcohol problems increased if personnel were experiencing additional mental health problems. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '634feb27bc9ded7a8dd8345ff773337a02b055c8488c2df4a1d112a04a6e146e'} |
How to include a CELLULAR PHYSIOLGY PRACTICE in your Pathology Prevention plans.
The human body is a wondrous and inspiring system; a complex system of smaller systems, composed of even smaller systems. The Health Guardian must understand each of these levels of physiology, their independent functions, their interdependencies, and the impact each has on the holistic functions of our bodies. The conceptual organ systems are separated into specialized groups of organs contributing to the functions of the holistic system. These organs consist of specialized tissue contributing to each organ’s unique and general physiology. Then again, the tissue depends upon the functioning of a specialized cellular physiology for its contribution to the organ.
Within each of these independent subsystems, there is lots of room for variance and opportunities for the Health Guardian to impact their functioning, yet from our holistic view, we can find a level of certainty, and dependability. We can sometimes find pathology prevention direction and understanding by addressing the cellular physiology in terms of the larger systems. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.92642080783844}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '43603', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AUBFZSKSIFG6H4PVNKSPETX7OKF3C42U', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:09aec108-1f26-40be-a015-db5c0c6d2be3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 2, 22, 19, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.229.195.224', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:X7WRP24X25KVW7U4BBON45SLCN3OEH6O', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dc45fd59-05d5-4019-927a-bd46757c0267>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://pathologyprevention.com/en-us/cellular-physiology', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6695b38-7303-4d88-9f20-977492c3829d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '166', 'url': 'https://pathologyprevention.com/en-us/cellular-physiology', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-236.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.31749987602233887', 'original_id': '375c3dbfbe6449d52c49cd329a799c3359ac1c7ee7b154c3d3c03be50e62d460'} |
Crossing the Top of the World
While we were in China we found the only way to escape the smog was go to go above it. We took a 12-hour bus ride into the foothills of the Himalayas and spent a few days at China’s Yellowstone, Jiuzhaigou. This was the highest elevation we had been to prior to arriving in South America. The hotel we stayed at was just shy of 9,000 feet while the park rose to more than 12,000 feet . We took it as a good sign that all of us acclimatized well and the thin air had a minimal effect on us. We knew, however, that crossing the Andes was going to test us even more. Our bus from Salta, Argentina would take us up to 15,000 feet, higher than any mountain in the continental US, before we settled back down to the town of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile at a much more reasonable 8,000 feet. We would only be at maximum altitude for a couple of hours if everything went as planned. In San Pedro we would spend three days preparing our lungs and bodies for the even higher altitudes of 15,000 to 17,000 feet we would encounter on our three-day journey into Bolivia.
The day of our scheduled departure from Salta our bus was canceled. Snowfall had closed the pass to Chile; on the previous day a bus traveling all the way from Peru had become stuck and the police had intervened to save the passengers from freezing to death. Fortunately they opened the pass the following day, but our journey got off to an inauspicious start. As we loaded the bus however there was a slight problem. The postponed bus had caused them to shuffle the seats around leaving us with two single seats next to strangers and two sets of doubles. This had happened to us before on our flight from Paris to Istanbul when we were given six non-adjacent seats due to a paperwork error in South Africa. Kieran was not happy to be sitting next to a stranger, with his closest family member being Anne who was wedged in between two French women in the row directly across from him. He stood in his seat screaming and refused to buckle up for takeoff. The flight attendants tried to get him to sit down and Anne and I pleaded with him, but he would have none of it. Anne asked multiple people to trade seats so she could sit next to her screaming child, but shockingly all initially refused. Finally after many more minutes of 7-year-old ranting, one of the French women agreed to sit next to her friend and let Anne have the aisle so she could reach across and hold Kieran’s hand. I had visions of something similar happening on our trans-Andean bus, so Anne and I took the two single seats. Anne had asked the Paraguayan lady next to her multiple times if she would take one of our single seats so the family could stay together, but she flatly refused. When I boarded I asked her again. This time she asked if instead she could break up Kieran and Dax, effectively splitting our family into four seating groups, so she could sit across from her friends rather than directly in front of them. I looked at her bewildered and of course refused. In retrospect, sitting next to a screaming Kieran would have been justice since she proceeded to babble loudly with her friends for the next two hours interrupting the sleep of absolutely everyone else on the bus.
We spent most of the morning on the long climb up the mountains. Two Argentine women in front of Anne were affected by the combination of motion and altitude and began vomiting into blue plastic bags provided by the conductor. One of the poor women proceed to heave and hurl for the next five hours. Fortunately, McKane slept through most of the regurgitations, as the sound and smell alone would have inspired the same behavior in him.
As the bus climbed into the thinner air, we could feel our chests tighten and our breathing become shallow and rapid. The conductor decided to drive home the effect by playing and replaying an Air Supply tape for the next three hours. We did get one break from the bus and early ’80′s pop when we stopped for lunch at a usual bus cafe. These cafeterias can be found throughout the world and offer the same giant plastic tables, hundreds of waitrons, and bland food to weary bus passengers given no choice in the matter. The lack of oxygen left us with little appetite so we went outside to examine the dry and barren landscape that surrounded us. At this altitude the bright sunlight caused the rock formations and volcanic cones to appear much sharper and brighter than they did from below highlighting how parched and lifeless everything looked. Outside of the Arctic and Antarctica this has to be one of the least hospitable places on earth.
One of the pinnacles on the pass from Argentina to Chile
After our lunch we boarded the bus and took off for the pass. As we drove, snow began to cover the rocks. This snow never became the thick blanket I have come to expect from climbing the Rockies and Tetons in the American West. Instead it appeared to be only a light sprinkling here and there. I wondered what had been so bad the day before to cause the closure. I didn’t need to wonder long. As we neared the pass, we had to stop for a traffic jam. I got out with our driver to investigate. The sun had slipped behind some clouds and the heat it had given us at lunchtime was quickly dissipating. In a place where temperature shifts of 50 degrees are common, the little bit of snow on the road had melted in the early afternoon sun only to freeze into a sheet of ice in the shade. A diesel had jackknifed and traffic was backed up both behind and in front of him. It took about an hour to get the semi to one side of the road, thus allowing the accumulation of cars, busses, and trucks to pass on the other side. During this time the temperature continued to fall. I was cold and out of breath when I returned to the bus.
A car trying to get by the sheet of ice on the pass to chile
The jack-knifed semi, the source of a huge traffic jam at 14,000 feet
We continued on and encountered at least four more trouble spots during our final climb. On some we were able to make it over the ice, but on others we left the road and clung to the dirt or service roads beside the highway. More than once we wondered if we would end up spending the night in the bus, freezing and waiting for the sun to melt the roadways the following day.
Going around on a dirt roadGoing over the ice over the Andes
Fortunately we cleared each obstacle though we saw carcasses of busses and trucks that had not been as lucky in former attempts. The many delays left us above 14,000 feet much longer than we had expected and our bodies felt the effects. Drowsy, short of breath, and aching in the head we traversed the Andes not in a single climb but rather with a series of climbs and descents spread out over 100 kilometers.
In contrast our descent into Chile was rapid. During this nearly straight decline the sun began to set. The mountains behind us with their frosting of snow glowed in the light of the setting sun. If I had had any breath left, I would have said the view took it away, but my lungs were still being squeezed by the increased internal pressure and lack of oxygen. The rest of the family found their relief in sleep, all of them exhausted by our daylong encounter with the Andes. With many 14,000+ feet days ahead, it looked like these mountains would be a new kind of challenge for us.
Welcome to Chile, what a view!
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2 thoughts on “Crossing the Top of the World
1. Oh that picture at the bottom of the article is so beautiful! It almost looks like an artists painting!
2. Hi, great site! I came across your site while looking for traveling families. I’ve been living in Argentina myself for the last 5 months and can’t wait to head into the Andes. I’ll make sure to do it before winter hits though!
Now that you have headed home to the US, does your family do anything special to keep your global education up to date? It is so easy to teach your children about other cultures and about the world when you are traveling but what about when you’re home? I work with parents and teachers (who can’t travel) helping them to bring the world to their children in other ways and though I’d see if you had any tips.
Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9826558232307434}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72661', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GQCI3OGHUNRKX3MW4GRZT5LEVJNXA64S', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:893673ce-d9bd-4078-b200-379cbe27cf55>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 12, 8, 12, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '66.147.244.173', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HMQVGEQC5HZH4JXUB7TMAV5HXHCVY5TR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5f3fa204-3f40-4a18-a386-c2b56659a942>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.sixintheworld.com/2007/07/09/crossing-the-top-of-the-world/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:72f703a7-c83d-4936-9b47-b301578b85d2>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1529', 'url': 'http://www.sixintheworld.com/2007/07/09/crossing-the-top-of-the-world/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022326231002807617', 'original_id': 'df31ad4b824354169ae66aff6a91cfe1392050755f9d0697ce3495335de23574'} |
[The injury pattern in parachuting].
The typical injury in military parachuting is osseous or ligamentary injury of the ankle joint. When parachuting is done as a sport the risk of injury is highest in accuray jumping and formation jumping. Here; i too, most injuries involve the lower extremities. The overall risk for injury in parachuting is 1%-2%. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a32e6211c18a7f1b6114113e069bde5c5ecbdad65d55646dcbf2450d80a9d19f'} |
Q:
Cannot push Git to remote repository with http/https
I have a Git repository in a directory served by apache on a server. I have configured WebDAV and it seems to be running correctly. Litmus returns 100% success.
I can clone my repository from a remote host, but when trying to push over http or https, I get the following error:
error: Cannot access URL
https://git.example.com/repo/, return code 22 fatal: git-http-push failed
Any idea?
A:
Edit the following section of your .git/config file:
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = http://git.repository.url/repo.git
to
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = http://username:password@git.repository.url/repo.git
Then try git push origin master.
Edit the authentication details in your config files for other repository URLs as required and push to the required branch.
A:
It is highly suggested NOT to use WebDAV if possible. If you must use HTTP/HTTPS then usage of the git-http-backend CGI script is recommended over WebDAV.
A:
As in this post comment, what does your /Web/git/Logs/ErrorLog says about that error?
After looking in /Web/git/Logs/ErrorLog, I found out there’s a permission problem on the lock file.
In my httpd-dav.conf, I have the line…
DavLockDB “/usr/var/DavLock”
I then checked the /usr/ directory, the ‘var’ directory was missing.
$ mkdir var
$ cd var
$ chown www .
$ chgrp www .
And then repeating the process seems that now I can push!! =)
As mentioned by Eddie in the comments and by Arrowmaster in his (upvoted) answer, the smart http protocol is now part of recent Git distribution.
The git-http-backend CGI script can takes care of any git commands through http.
The smarter protocols (git and ssh) would instead have a conversation with the git upload-pack process on the server which would determine the exact set of objects the client needs and build a custom packfile with just those objects and stream it over.
Git 2.17 (Q2 2018) will add a debugging aid.
See commit a2b9820 (24 Jan 2018) by Patryk Obara (dreamer).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 39a1dd8, 13 Feb 2018)
http-push: improve error log
When git push fails due to server-side WebDAV error, it's not easy to
point to the main culprit.
Additional information about exact cURL error and HTTP server response is helpful for debugging purpose.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ae99d75bd271d4808436ce01a7eaf1389a5fa25fd898942c1f337361a160aac0'} |
Anti-M isoimmunization: management and outcome at the Ohio State University from 1969 to 1995.
To review the management strategies and outcome in gravidas with anti-M isoimmunization over the past 26 years at The Ohio State University. Data collected from 115 pregnancies found to have anti-M antibody at The Ohio State University from September 1969 through February 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed indirect antiglobulin tests, amniotic fluid with spectrophotometric examination, direct antiglobulin tests, M antigen status, antepartum course, and perinatal outcome. Anti-M antibody was found in 90 women who had 115 pregnancies over 26 years. Among those with positive indirect antiglobulin tests, 104 pregnancies had titers at or below 1:4. Only one patient with an initial low titer experienced more than a three-fold increase to 1:64. Two women underwent a total of eight amniocenteses when titers were at or above 1:128. Forty-two (60%) of the 70 infants tested were positive for M antigen. Nine infants required phototherapy. Eight of these infants were delivered preterm. There was an increase in the number of women seen with anti-M antibody in pregnancy at our institution, with nearly 10% of all gravidas with a positive antibody screen having anti-M alloantibodies. There were no cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn, mild or severe. The prevalence of anti-M isoimmunization may be increasing. The incidence of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-M is extremely low. We found no cases in our review of 115 pregnancies, although there have been several cases of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn reported. If anti-M is detected in pregnancy, the titer is low (no more than 1:4), and there is no history of prior pregnancy complications suggesting a hemolytic disease process, we recommend no further testing other than an indirect antiglobulin test at 28 weeks to look for the emergence of other alloantibodies. However, if the initial titer is elevated or there is a concerning obstetric history, serial titers should be performed and amniocenteses reserved for rising titers. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a467f43384d60ee29594a120510d9cc51d69bb4094b46ecc9a7bc7640666ec2a'} |
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Discover the 5 Belly-Slimming Foods For a Flatter Belly, Slimmer Thighs, and a Smaller Midsection
By Kevin DiDonato MS, CES--Level 1 Certified Precision Nutrition and Certified Personal Trainer
Everyone wants to eat right in hopes of losing weight.
But not everyone knows what the best foods are for fighting belly fat.
Protein, fat, and carbohydrates (yes I said carbohydrates) are all foods that may feed your metabolism-boosting lean mass, therefore helping you destroy belly fat forever!
So what are the best foods for blasting away belly fat?
Here is a list of my top five foods for weight loss:
#5 Eggs
Words cannot describe the fat fighting power of eggs. Just one egg has plenty of high-quality protein and essential nutrients like choline--all with just 70 calories.
Put together with organic greens, a piece of whole grain toast/english muffin, and an apple or pear and you are on your way to providing your body with fat-fighting nutrients.
Including plenty of fiber and protein (in this meal in particular) may keep you feeling fuller for longer throughout the day.
#4 Apples or pears with skin
Apples and pears are another great way to add extra fiber to your diet.
One large apple gives you 5 grams of appetite-supressing fiber, while 1 large pear gives you 7 grams.
Fiber is perfect for curbing your appetite, which should enourage you to eat less at meals or when snacking.
Not only do pears and apples provide plenty of fiber, but they are also fat free and cholesterol free.
An apple only has 65 calories and a pear about 100 calories, making both of them a perfect healthy snack or a side dish at breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
Combine either with cheese, yogurt, or all-natural peanut butter to provide the essential amino acids you need to build muslce and boost metabolism and make your meal a wholesome and nutritious snack
#3 Greek Yogurt
So do Greeks know something we don’t?
This amazing food is a staple in Greek and Mediterranean cultures and is frequently given to a bride and groom on their wedding night for vitality, energy, and strength.
Why is Greek yogurt so good for you?
Typically, your every day yogurt is double filtered, but Greek yogurt is triple filtered, which leads to a very creamy texture.
Greek yogurt is higher in protein and much lower in carbs than most commercial yogurts.
It may be a perfect treat for Diabetics and people who are low-carb crazy!
Combine this with nuts and a touch of honey for a sweet and savory treat packed with fat burning protein, low carbohydrates, and a plenty of belly slimming fiber.
#2 Sprouted Whole Grain (SWG) Breads
Considered the “flourless” bread.
This bread is unique because it is made directly from the sprouted seed, which provides more vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, and fiber.
You get the whole-grain goodness without the flour! This type of bread is made from a sprouted wheat berry, picked, ground up, and then added to the mixture, which makes it “flourless."
Sprouted grain bread is high in protein, vitamins and minerals, and packed with plenty of fibet. This typer of bread is the perfect item to include in your menu plan!
Pair this with some grain-fed beef for a healthy steak sandwich, which packs plenty of nutrition and loads belly slashing fiber!
#1 Whey Protein
This widely used supplement is the byproduct of cheese manufacturing.
During the manufacturing process, the leftover liquid is purified and made into whey powder, concentrated whey protein, or whey protein isolate.
Whey protein powder is used in many different products, from bakery items to infant formula.
Whey is power packed with essential amino acids, which are the building blocks for muscles.
Different studies have shown that only 56 grams of whey protein a day may be able to help you lose weight without restricting your energy intake.
This same research also showed that those who consume whey protein resulted in a drop of 4 pounds, 1 inch off the waist, and a drop in body fat of 5 pounds!
Combine (in a blender) this with ice, a tablespoon of peanut butter, and some fruit for a healthy and nutritious snack with plenty of appetite-suppressing protein and plenty of fat fighting potential.
Incorporating these five foods into a well-balanced diet plan will help provide essential nutrients needed to help you lose weight and keep it off.
Fiber-rich foods have been shown to help curb your appetite which can suppress the desire to eating more.
This will fight stubborn belly fat and help you stay healthy and fit for a long time to come!
The Simple Trick To Curb Cravings And Melt Stubborn Belly Fat?
Is Father Time STEALING Your Flat Belly? (2 ways to prevent it)
Can These Foods Burn 8 X The Belly Fat? (shocking) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '15', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8990620970726013}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '66658', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E7VDYYE6KORAW6ZNUWIEXG6LLN3LGRNT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7f82833f-335e-4554-bf8b-c0470a4ec869>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 23, 18, 45, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.30.240.54', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XEINKTYB366YA7U5FSXEPQ4EHMI3FANQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:efe8950c-7a37-4489-9e40-5a81c059efb6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.jaylabpro.com/five-foods-for-weight-loss.html?advert_id=PALF', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ae45ffc-70b3-4046-ba90-46791b3650b2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '855', 'url': 'https://www.jaylabpro.com/five-foods-for-weight-loss.html?advert_id=PALF', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-170-67.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0711786150932312', 'original_id': 'a64f258844be29f79d56a351ad8b31f8fbc8e368f312087b8c69fef7252f758b'} |
Whoops! I've Been Doing It All Wrong.
"Your mind is not a warehouse, it's a factory." So many people (me included), tend to use their mind as a warehouse. We keep arcane facts, appointments, commitments, to-do's, worries, plans, and passions all whirling around in our heads.
We think we are more productive when we have the ability to instantly 'touch' each of these items if we need to. Unfortunately, all of these items tend to get in the way when you want to do serious work or thinking.
We tend to focus on the urgent and put the important on the back burner. And when the mental whirlwind causes you to forget something or procrastinate on an important task, your mental Jenga stack of blocks fall apart.
Stop being a warehouse — try to delegate/outsource all of these items to paper, planners, and assistants so they can help you focus on the important and not only the urgent.
Start being a factory — where great ideas and plans come in, are addressed and executed, and are shipped out to your clients.
P.S. If you want to be more productive, efficient and effective, Let’s talk. I’ve worked with people from all over the world who want to expand their horizons — call me to schedule a free session. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '21', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.932723581790924}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '52880', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NOL3Q5SM3ZN27YJB2GTPABFEIV6ZRM3C', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:df579081-19af-4018-8709-228f4d64d291>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 23, 4, 58, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JQATITQTODIEU2BMP73ZQJYBMGLUZLDD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:58790876-5619-40d9-a619-7602ddbe84b6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.richgee.com/articles/whoops-ive-wrong', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:30bf4fbc-d127-41de-9aef-cbeb292d4855>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '203', 'url': 'https://www.richgee.com/articles/whoops-ive-wrong', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-158-174-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04551863670349121', 'original_id': '40cb29783490ebed8bdc5b03c7c40f7b023fc65303507c9fce7b734ff7d82751'} |
Scott Horton Interviews Nima Shirazi
Scott Horton, January 11, 2011
Nima Shirazi, creator of, discusses his catalog of the numerous failed predictions – primarily by the US and Israel – of Iran’s imminent creation of a nuclear weapon; how the latest Israeli estimate of a 2015 Iran nuke is explained, not by a longtime mistaken assumption about Iran’s nuclear intentions, but by the effectiveness of sanctions, espionage and assassination; the vastly overstated Iranian “breakout” capability that could also be ascribed to well over 100 other countries; Israel’s genuine concerns of an emboldened Hezbollah and a “brain drain” of educated Israelis migrating to the US and Europe; and how Iran’s leaders are portrayed by Western media as irrational “mad mullahs” that want to destroy the world and can’t be reasoned with.
MP3 here. (18:38)
8 Responses to “Nima Shirazi”
1. [...] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Ron Paul News, AngelaKeaton. AngelaKeaton said: Antiwar Radio Nima Shirazi: Nima Shirazi, creator of, discusses his catalog of the… [...]
2. Awesome stuff. I am so pleased Nima made it to this podcast. I knew you'd love him Scott.
3. I agree with all the points made by your honourable guest. Nonetheless Iraninan regime is a dictatorship disregarding the most basic human rights , let alone, democratic principles.
4. Okay…so would you prefer a shock'n awe regieme change? Would a few million dead please you?
5. And in 2015 it will still be described as "two years away…"
6. Despite the apparently overwhelming influence in western industrial countries of the American "Mustache Jack" aka "Bonkers Bolton" view that immediately upon their inevitable acquisition of one nuclear bomb the Iranians would launch a nuclear attacks upon Israel, the US and various European countries, most specifically Poland, against which latter threat from Iran the US has specifically proposed to defend with a missile shield (Mrs Clinton said the agreement would "protect Poland and our allies from evolving threats, such as those from Iran"- there is at least some evidence of sanity in Europe.
See here: "Polish foreign minister: We’re not actually worried about Iranian missile threat" –
7. "Nonetheless Iraninan regime is a dictatorship disregarding the most basic human rights , let alone, democratic principles. "
While that might be true, it won't be resolved by bombing the country.
8. The Polish Prime Minister said, "We´re not actually worried about Iranian missile threat". Why does he then accept new US missiles on the border with Russia ? And why does Romania accept the same – and Bulgaria with nissiles on ships in the Black Sea ? The missiles in the three countries are to be operational by 2015. Because of a non-existent Iranian threat ? Trident missile engineer Bob Aldridge because the Pentagon aims to achieve a disarming first strike capability and wrote First Strike! The Pentagon´s Strategy For Nuclear War and Nuclear Empire (ch. 9 on anti-submarine warfare). Bob Aldridge wrote on the missiles in the three countries: "Whether they are on ships or land, they are still a necessary component for an unanswerable first strike". Minuteman-3 and Trident-2 have an accuracy of 30 meters or less and according to Professor Paul Rogers they are designed to minimize nuclear winter effects when used against hard targets like missile silos. The Russian answer will probably be Launch On Warning.
Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '209', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.940716028213501}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39850', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:L4WGDDM5AZOVNOTW44CGDFI7W2ASNIZU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:726f64b0-c0ad-44e9-856d-9d91081aaa7d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 17, 10, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.192.17.208', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3H63RPDGYSI5H2BGAZZKBQYGAPKAGL4O', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:97c5fdf5-395f-4ab9-9c7d-934f8af35c9d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://antiwar.com/radio/2011/01/11/nima-shirazi/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3f23f43b-ad85-46e1-9ef1-ea6a072d18ef>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '656', 'url': 'http://antiwar.com/radio/2011/01/11/nima-shirazi/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1731332540512085', 'original_id': 'fb2860abfa9b9069366e98c4be018cf6b63932a2c1da1aaff4f384dc1443cdb3'} |
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Privacy Government United States News Your Rights Online
TSA Bans Flight If You Refuse To Show ID 734
Posted by kdawson
from the john-gilmore-loophole dept.
TSA Bans Flight If You Refuse To Show ID
Comments Filter:
• by suso (153703) * on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:38PM (#23718449) Homepage Journal
I've always wondered about why people don't seem to get that fake IDs can be used for more than just getting into bars. And in that, far more serious things. I had my own experience with having to provide an ID in a case where it was not needed or useful to them. I bought an account with Hostgator once and they had a policy of not allowing you to use a shell account without providing a faxed copy of your driver's license. I argued with the system administrator there that it was a useless policy as it doesn't prove anything as IDs can be faked. And especially with the low quality of a fax, how could they tell. I could easily put in fake details using any simple image editor. He actually responded saying something like "If I can prevent one security breach, then the policy is worth it.". He didn't seem to get that it won't stop anything. Hackers see policies as obstacles to get over, not impassable walls. What's sad is that Hostgator isn't the only company with this very same policy. They probably don't realize how many malicious hackers they already have one their systems.
All that IDs provide is another hoop for everyone to jump through, including hackers and terrorists. They are useless as a security measure to anyone who doesn't have the authority to validate them.
• by QuantumG (50515) * <> on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:43PM (#23718491) Homepage Journal
There are no terrorists. You might as well be talking about the intentions and capabilities of magical elves.
• by Idiomatick (976696) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:09PM (#23718729)
Yes but even if the magic elves DID exist the policy would do nothing.
• by Reziac (43301) * on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:20PM (#23718813) Homepage Journal
I'm reminded of a story that came over the wires of United Press International, on September 10, 1980 (the teletype printed it during my shift while I was DJing, so I saw it with my own eyes):
Police in Laurel, Mississippi report receiving a call from a woman who told them she had been attacked by a band of elves. Investigating officers were dubious to begin with and the woman didn't help her credibility by pointing to a blank wall whenever she was talking about the window the alleged elves came through.
When one of the officers pointed out that there was no window where the woman kept pointing, she reportedly told them the elves had taken it with them.
It appears the TSA believes that if we just get rid of all those windows, no more elves, er, I mean terrorists will come through them!!
• Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
by DesScorp (410532)
If you were simply trying to be witty and sarcastic about the truthers, you should have just added a sarcasm tag... a lot of people here are taking you seriously.
• by zappepcs (820751) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:11PM (#23719281) Journal
Perhaps I'm confused, but what he said made perfect sense. There are NO terrorists. As described, when they get on a plane, they are simply passengers with the correct credentials to fly. They are merely tourists when they wander around the lake that is your water supply dropping little vials of poison.
All of this airport security is misguided, confoundedly ineffectual, and does absolutely nothing (or very close to it, if not negative effects) to protect you from terrorists that want to harm you.
You might as well be talking about the capabilities of magical elves since by definition, you will NOT know where a terrorist is going to strike. That is sort of the point. You can guess, you can try to predict based on historical events, but since the 9/11 event was a one-off (as far as I know) it is STUPID to believe that this is the new and improved international terrorist mode of operation. Did I say stupid? Sorry, I meant FUCKING STUPID!! with lots of exclamatory punctuation marks.
For anyone that needs some schooling, terrorists, the originals, were the government. It has come to be used to describe those that would strike fear in an enemy with little use of resources, and attacks on the civilian population. Even the definitions used by government agencies is fubar. Check []
One who utilizes the systematic use of violence and intimidation to achieve political objectives, while disguised as a civilian non-combatant. The use of a civilian disguise while on operations exempts the perpetrator from protection under the Geneva Conventions, and consequently if captured they are liable for prosecution as common criminals.
Where in that definition does it say specifically and limited to airplanes? It doesn't. Where in the laws enacted in the USA (or other countries) since 9/11 have they accounted for terrorist acts not committed via air transportation?
Swap dunce cap for tinfoil hat. Why are they so hung up on air transport? If you control it, you can slow commerce and businesses to less than 1/10th of their current speed/capabilities, enabling extra taxation, control, and suppression.
Tinfoil hat off: It makes them look like they are doing something good while conditioning you to hand over your papers to travel between states. This BTW is prohibited in the USA.
Back to magical elves. What are their powers? Well, we also don't know the powers or intent of future possible terrorists. The really great part about that is that the US Government DID know what the intentions of the 9/11 attackers was. Did that help? No. Why?
No, this is not conspiracy, look at CIA documents to find more. Google it, I won't guide you.
Now, if they knew before 9/11, why do we need more air transportation laws and security?
To assume that any possible future terrorist (as if they actually exist) would use air transportation as the weapon of choice is to also assume that you know why they would not use something else to create terror, political advantage, and media prominence. So... why is it that they would not use something else? Perhaps kill the electric grid during summer heatwave. Maybe poison water supplies. Maybe poison food stuffs imported from a foreign country. Perhaps mail some anthrax around the country. Perhaps, gasp, disrupt the fuel supply BEFORE it gets to this country? How about a bit of anthrax and a fscking weather balloon?
Please please please tell me what these terrorists that your sure of are going to do, and why they are not going to do any of the other really easy acts of terrorism?
Since you don't know, I don't know, and the government doesn't know, we MIGHT AS WELL BE TALKING ABOUT THE CAPABILITIES OF MAGICAL ELVES.
I know I rambled a bit there, but you get the point. Just tell me what the terrorists are going to use as a weapon next time, why they will, and where these terrorists are and I will think about it, if it makes sense, I might concede that there ACTUALLY are some terrorists plotting to harm US Citizens.
Sleep well America... good night
• by Anonymous Coward
When Conservatives constantly pule about government being the problem, they are close to right: conservatives in government is the problem.
Considering all their core principles are right out of Mein Kampf... developments like this are hardly surprising. Warrantless wiretaps, secret prisons, citizens being held in secret and without trials: brought to you by either Nazi Germany or Conservative America. Take your pick.
• by pm_rat_poison (1295589) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:02PM (#23718661)
It's also amazing how conservatives claim to strive for less state control by not regulating the market and by not taxing the rich and powerful, but they sure don't have a problem regulating the lives of the many by imposing "security measures" and by ignoring human rights in the name of national security. Isn't it weird? Conservatives don't have a problem with the government invading their personal lives, but they DO have a problem with the government invading the corporations' lives. In the free market state you Americans idolize, corporations and citizens should have the same treatment under the eye of the law. No more, no less.
• by tjstork (137384)
What a classic set of liberal distortions!
Conservatives, for the most part, do not want the government to enter our lives. However, we value the following rights as tantamount to freedom: a) free speech, b) freedom of commerce, c) the right to hold property and d) the right to get income from the investment of that property. T
• by Jah-Wren Ryel (80510) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:49PM (#23719095)
It is my company, my pencil, and I can do with it what I will.
You are liable for the results of what you do with your pencil.
Corporations exist primarily as a means to shield owners from the liability that results from actions performed in the service of the corporation.
They aren't anywhere near the same thing.
• by amRadioHed (463061) on Monday June 09, 2008 @11:22PM (#23720029)
What a sad existence conservatism believes in if the rights you support don't even include something as basic as the right to do what you like as long as it doesn't harm anyone else.
We can be monitored by the government every second of our lives and every action we take can be subject to government approval but as long as you can make money and complain about it's all good?
• by Tophe (853490) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:06PM (#23719219)
They're not called warrantless wiretaps - it's called Freedon Listening now. :D
• by DrYak (748999)
The ID faxing policy isn't even remotely related to security.
It's about covering their asses.
It won't prevent a big screw up, *BUT* in case of big screw up, they can show up the fax, and ask their phone company to confirm they actually did receive a faxed document (and didn't fake it quickly in MS-Paint which would be about the same quality) and thus claim "see, we did our part, we're innocent, you can't sue us".
Fake IDs are a little bit more difficult to fake with good enough quality to pass strong securi
• Well customs ya (Score:3, Interesting)
by Sycraft-fu (314770)
There they actually check your passport to some reasonable degree. If nothing else they scan it with their device which performs a number of checks for security features that aren't easy to fake.
Problem with TSA checks is they aren't nearly so good. You show your driver license or passport to the guy, and they mark that you are ok on your ticket. Well they don't check real well, and as a practical matter it'd be hard to. Passports are somewhat standardised among nations, and there's only so many of them. Dr
• by Jafafa Hots (580169) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:18PM (#23719345) Homepage Journal
and the hijackers on 9/11 didn't even have FAKE ID. They had LEGIT ID.
How does a look at an ID card indicate to the looker that you're planning on killing people?
• by QuantumG (50515) * <> on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:40PM (#23718467) Homepage Journal
"Trouble maker" and "terrorist" are synonymous now.
Stand in line.
Speak when spoken to.
Have your papers ready.
• Real terrorists (Score:5, Informative)
by MikeRT (947531) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:41PM (#23718485) Homepage
• by EmbeddedJanitor (597831) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:26PM (#23718895)
The whole purpose is for the TSA to make the traveller feel that they are being kept safe. Real safety has nothing to do with it.
• by Anonymous Coward on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:42PM (#23719023)
Real terrorists don't have fake IDs. They have real IDs. For some reason though, their IDs do not say "terrorist" clearly on the front. Probably an oversight.
• Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
by pete-classic (75983)
Why do they need fake IDs? The 9/11 guys didn't. Are we meant to imagine that the government has subsequently identified every potential terrorist and an alarm will go off if any of them present their ID?
I think there are two things at work.
First, this is meant to remove the doubt over whether it is okay to travel without papers. Can't have trouble makers of the Samuel Adams stripe running around asserting their rights.
Second, the law enforcement mentality is predicated on the infantile presumption that
• by Reality Master 201 (578873) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:45PM (#23718509) Journal
After all, not one of the 9/11 hijackers had validly issued ID in their own names. Right?
Yeah. Maybe the next president will do something to fix the utterly idiotic "security" games the TSA insists on playing with airline travel. I'm not putting money on it, though.
• Wrong (Score:5, Insightful)
by bigstrat2003 (1058574) * on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:48PM (#23718537)
The change of rules seems to be a pretty obvious case of security theater....
Your first (wrong) assumption is that it has a damn thing to do with security. It has to do with the TSA wanting to be able to remove "troublemakers" (ie, anyone who thinks that demanding ID is unreasonable... can't have those free thinkers able to do what they want in our society).
Fuck DHS and the TSA. Fuck them and the horse they rode in on. They're far worse (if they aren't yet, they will be, just wait) than any terrorist ever could be.
Sad part is, I'd move to another country if I knew of any better ones out there. Anyone know of a mostly English-speaking country that doesn't walk all over its citizens' rights? I know the UK is right out, and I hear Australia is pretty bad too.
• Re:Wrong (Score:5, Insightful)
by Ithaca_nz (661774) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:59PM (#23718627)
New Zealand, although I'm a native so I'm biased. Same copyright laws (you can format shift) and not much of a police state (slight nanny state, there's a law about not smacking your kids here, but it's not something that people pay much attention to). Must admit, I was travelling in the States a month or so ago with work, and realised when I came back home that it was easier to go through everything for an international flight in/out of NZ than it was to get on a domestic flight in the US...
• Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
by jmv (93421)
Australia's got a bit better now that Howard got booted out. Canada used to be better before Stephen "whatever you say Mr. Bush" Harper became PM. Still, none of those where ever remotely as bad as the US in terms of being police states. Don't know how UK compares.
• Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
by bigstrat2003 (1058574) *
Given the news I read about the UK's growing police state, it doesn't seem to me to be all that far off from "V For Vendetta"-style government. That's just from reading news on /. though, it may not be an accurate portrayal.
• by Maxo-Texas (864189) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:48PM (#23718539)
pushing down people that irritate them.
As pointed out, since you can lie easily, this is really just about control and dominance.
• Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
Yeah, you couldn't be more correct. The worst part is that the general population is stupid enough to buy the bullshit "security" excuse.
• by Anonymous Coward on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:49PM (#23718543)
Good thing rising fuel costs will bankrupt the airline industry in a year or two.
• by Chaxid (772696) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:49PM (#23718547) Homepage
Assuming all of those new laws and policies are for the "terrorists". That's why they don't make sense to you. NOW SHOW US YOUR PAPERS!
• by Reziac (43301) * on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:50PM (#23718555) Homepage Journal
From a comment under TFA:
"Passengers who refuse to show ID, citing the rights" still will be accommodated if they "assist transportation security officers in ascertaining their identity." This is similar to the Fourth Amendment case law on ID, which is also widely misunderstood by the lay public. You have every right not to carry ID, but you do not have the right to withhold your identity from law enforcement if they have a legitimate reason for knowing it (e.g., because you've been lawfully arrested). The TSA is merely clarifying that, "you have no right to fly anonymously," not that "you no longer have the right to invoke your right to fly without ID.
[emphasis mine]
So... refusing to identify yourself at the airport is equivalent to refusing to identify yourself when you're arrested.
Let's stop piddlefucking around and admit that planes are now airborne maximum security prisons. Because that's exactly how their "security" is treating passengers.
• by compumike (454538) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:52PM (#23718569) Homepage
In any big bueracracy, specifically government, there's really little incentive to be more efficient (or even more correct). Particularly with government, like the TSA, this is an example of people trying to secure jobs for themselves and their department.
This can happen in the corporate world, too: feeling the need to spend one's entire budget just so that it won't get cut in the following year. But at least there's likely to be someone who might find and correct that inefficiency. In government, there's incentive to keep it growing all the way up to the top.
So the next time you see some policy that doesn't make sense, think about who just got to keep their job because of its existence.
Hey code monkey... learn electronics! []
• Refuse flight? (Score:4, Insightful)
by ErichTheWebGuy (745925) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:53PM (#23718585) Homepage
Only if you're an asshole and "refuse" to show your ID? Come on, how many people are really like that? If you're going to claim this policy for security reasons, don't allow an exception for "lost" or "forgotten" IDs. If it were for security reasons, ID would be required 100% of the time. Because it's for fascist reasons, they are willing to make a temporary exception to ease people into it. But, the 100% refusal to allow boarding without ID is coming. Mark my words. The time for action is now. I think I will somehow "forget" my ID every time I board a flight from now on.
• by darinfp (907671) on Monday June 09, 2008 @08:56PM (#23718613)
There are thousands of people who get paid to make us safer from terrorists. I don't think they will be reducing the perceived risk any time soon. Announcements like this keep the terrorist threat in the news and make it look like they are doing something for their money.
• by brunokummel (664267) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:00PM (#23718643) Journal
Imigration Officer: What's your name, sir?
Passenger: Batman...
Imigration Officer: Come again? Your last name, sir?
Passenger: Suparman ...
Imigration Officer: Funny guy ahn? Take him down, boys...
While the other officers beat the crap out of the poor fella, the Imigration officer checks his passport out []
• by rpax9000 (916267) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:17PM (#23718789)
...but it will catch the real enemy of this administration and of the tsa - folks willing to think for themselves and unwilling to be scared into submitting to big brother.
i already take off my shoes at the airport. and, because my job requires me to fly quite a bit and get where i'm going, i produce id (passport, usually). and every time i take the baggie with my toothpaste and travel-size deodorant out of my carry-on, i throw up in my mouth a little bit.
but i keep doing it.
because i have to pay the mortgage.
i can't remember who said this, but someone once said the 20th/21st century equivalent to the nazi war criminals' "i was just following orders" line will be "well, i had a mortgage to pay"...
• by aeoo (568706) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:29PM (#23719431) Journal
because i have to pay the mortgage.
Well, that excuse is starting to wear thin. Is survival and even just maintenance of a domicile that critical in your value system? Think about it. Because if something like that is critical, that means you're going to sacrifice a lot of freedom, and you'd be OK with torturing your neighbors, and all kinds of things like that, just so you could keep persisting in your lifestyle.
People of this generation have no notion of freedom and of sacrifice. They cling to their lives and to their families not realizing that clinging to your own life and clinging to the lives of your loved ones is precisely what endangers those lives. It's that clinging that allows others to grab you by your balls and tell you to do as told.
I like that we are a peaceful people. I think that's wonderful! But peaceful people should still have warrior qualities such as the ability to sacrifice one's own life and a degree of non-attachment to life's pleasures and assurances. (Gandhi comes to mind...)
People have died to give us this freedom, but we are losing our freedom because we have to pay mortgage. It's kind of strange that to gain freedom, we have to die, but to lose it, all we need to do is to put our mortgage first on the list of priorities.
I am not calling for any extreme and/or thoughtless actions. I just hope this can be food for thought.
• by ugen (93902) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:19PM (#23718797)
• by chill (34294) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:42PM (#23719603) Journal
I did, several times.
The following excuses work fine:
1. I lost my license.
2. I was in a hurry and left my wallet at home, including my ID.
3. My DL was suspended and the State confiscated it.
4. I live in the middle of a big city (Chicago, NY, LA, etc.), have never owned a car and never had need for a license or ID. I use public transportation or walk. (Follow up to "Why are you flying?" is "I'm attending a funeral.")
Be careful with #3 and #4. With #3, it should probably be true as a pissy TSA officer can probably verify that. With #4, you need to be able to think quick. For example... "My bank account? I've lived in the same city for 30 years. I was born there and everyone knows me. The bank manager just signed off on my identification, since he went to high school with my dad and has known me since I was born." ["Personally known" *is* an option for verifying identity on opening a bank account or having something notarized.]
• When is enough? (Score:4, Interesting)
by OMNIpotusCOM (1230884) * on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:25PM (#23718881) Homepage Journal
I was listening on the radio to someone talking about how Americans don't protest anymore, and we're being taken advantage of because of it. This shit would not have flown 20 years ago. 20 years ago we would have gone to the streets and demanded the head of Bush, Cheney, or whomever we thought was responsible for the deterioration of our rights. I wonder, what's the last straw? When will everyone else stand up and say that this shit is too much?
• Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
by freedom_india (780002)
We won't, because we are too busy fearing for our jobs, gas prices, and other basic necessities.
Maslow's hierarchy (is the name correct?) states that people go for self-actualization only if their basic needs of safety, acceptance, income, are met.
We are pushed to the bottom of the pyramid: fear of losing our jobs, worry about Gas, income and inflation, etc., So we have been crudely pushed down the hierarchy so that self-actualization never comes to us.
20 years ago we were almost self-actualized. Call me a
• Big Deal (Score:5, Insightful)
by Javagator (679604) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:25PM (#23718885)
The government knows exactly how much I make. People can look me up on line and see where I live, and how much I paid for my house. Credit companies know if I am late paying my bills. My credit card company knows what kind of purchases I make, and calls me if I do something unusual. Amazon knows what kind of books I read. Netflix knows what kind of movies I watch. In my county, you can look up my name on line and see if I have an outstanding traffic ticket. So you think I am going to get excited about my "privacy" if I have to show an ID?
• by ebrandsberg (75344) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:30PM (#23718927)
• by Anonymous Coward on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:14PM (#23719309)
Just try questioning anything at the airport:
Here's [] a travel writer and book author's account of what happened when some airport contractors asked to see his ID and he dared to ask them who they were. (Do you show your ID to anyone who comes up to you?)
Basically, they didn't like someone questioning their authority, falsely claimed to be federal TSA agents, then got the real TSA involved, who turned him over to police.
The travel writer later used FOIA requests to get the TSA's and police accounts of what happened. It's interesting to see what was in the reports and the way his behavior was described.
• by matt_martin (159394) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:47PM (#23719075) Homepage Journal
When I was in school ( oh so long ago ), we were told that America was better than the Soviet Union because we were free.
"The Soviets don't let you travel without paperwork - we would never do that because we are a free nation."
"The Soviets tell everyone that the restrictions are 'for their protection', but it is a lie."
"The Soviets distort the news which is reported to the people."
Fast forward 25 years ... and here we are:
Being shaken down for "papers" and "inspected" by the powers that be when we travel (air, auto, borders) or sign up to do an honest day's work.
All while living under an administration which distorts information as a matter of policy, supporting war with lies.
Not only that but we are losing out economically to a nation which is officially Communist.
So what did we win in the "cold war", exactly ?
I'd move away, but that would be allowing them to win.
Lets make THEM move away and get on with the business of restoring our nation !
• by Bob MacSlack (623914) on Monday June 09, 2008 @09:49PM (#23719093)
• Re: (Score:3, Informative)
by BradMajors (995624)
• by jmcarson (752753) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:10PM (#23719261)
• by marco.antonio.costa (937534) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:17PM (#23719337)
The American citizen.
Terrorist carrying a hidden razor and shaped charge:
Upstanding citizen:
• Easy solution (Score:5, Interesting)
by andyring (100627) on Monday June 09, 2008 @10:31PM (#23719465) Homepage
My solution is easy, well, sort of easy. OK, so it's still just showing an ID. But I've found out a real good way to make the TSA people squirm a lot. I have licenses to carry a concealed firearm in multiple states (I am an ordinary citizen, not a retired police officer or anything like that). And of course those licenses reside in my wallet.
The requirement for IDs don't stipulate specifics, just that it be a "government issued photo ID." Well, the concealed carry permits are, technically, a "government issued photo ID" as they are issued by a state government. The TSA folk don't have a choice but to accept them as identification. But it sure does make them squirm!
• doesn't the constitution grant free passage between states? I think this is pushing a bit far. We all know the TSA is nothing more than those same minimum wage flunkies as before, now with a shirt and four times the power.
• by wonkavader (605434) on Tuesday June 10, 2008 @12:15AM (#23720403)
This is silly and misses the point. They protect us from something far more dangerous to the regime: People who refuse to have their rights flushed away.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '782', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9702849984169006}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '423253', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MALJCMS62XGF6W6M3YQYRWNUSPDJTFFX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b4a029d3-a834-4c41-bdb3-9c8afb21792d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 12, 45, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.34.181.48', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SU3UZ3I4VG6GDPY3OA7BH7DW2DTPQRU4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:145592d7-17e9-4604-9902-25eddb2c76c0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://yro.slashdot.org/story/08/06/10/0057202/tsa-bans-flight-if-you-refuse-to-show-id?sdsrc=prevbtmprev', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c2b5a292-1ce3-494a-994d-c83c2114f4ae>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '5406', 'url': 'http://yro.slashdot.org/story/08/06/10/0057202/tsa-bans-flight-if-you-refuse-to-show-id?sdsrc=prevbtmprev', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07132917642593384', 'original_id': 'f336506df9259c54340f4d3dbbac7ffd421da6b974ca9e0287ed4f7817cc216f'} |
Welcome to CEM.com
Rapid Total Fat & Moisture in All Meats (Raw and Processed)
June 14, 2017
Download File
Fat and moisture testing for foodstuff samples has traditionally been done by wet chemistry techniques, which are laborious and time consuming and often involve skilled technicians and hazardous solvents. Various rapid techniques (NIR, FT-IR, FT-NIR, and TD-NMR) have been introduced, but none have been universally accepted, due to the need for often extensive calibration development and maintenance. Near infrared (NIR) typically requires separate calibrations for every meat type (i.e. beef, chicken, pork, etc.), geographic location of a single meat type (i.e. Australian cattle vs. US cattle), and season (spring, summer, autumn, winter), yet still has challenges achieving acceptable accuracy levels.
The SMART 6™ – ORACLE™ is a combination system for rapid moisture and fat determination, coupling dual-frequency drying (iPower®) in the SMART 6 with advanced NMR technology in the ORACLE. Dual-frequency drying in the SMART 6 allows for rapid and precise moisture determination. The ORACLE is a rapid time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) instrument, incorporating breakthrough technology that allows for direct determination of fat in food products. Unlike other rapid techniques, the ORACLE is able to completely isolate the detection of fat in complex matrices, which eliminates the need for calibration development. Together, the SMART 6ORACLE system delivers rapid, accurate, and precise total moisture and fat in raw and processed meats, while removing the cost and time of calibration maintenance and development associated with NIR.
To demonstrate the ability of the SMART 6ORACLE to accurately and reliably determine the moisture and fat content in meats, an assortment of 13 samples were obtained and analyzed. The samples were selected to represent a range of both matrix types, as well as relative component concentrations. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9298363327980042}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74230', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IV5CAI67EYPFLRBJBLQULTS65X4466FE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9a96ec41-7014-4e9f-95a9-ca660d742914>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 19, 17, 43, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.124.249.17', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VQ36KIVM5SWHBMAW3PDOE2QFH3TBCOOF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d963a452-f110-4e3d-ab27-15e230e9c29b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://cem.com/en/rapid-total-fat-moisture-in-all-meats-raw-and-processed', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:432b3a06-f67e-4d01-bb45-7e654d53acb5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '279', 'url': 'http://cem.com/en/rapid-total-fat-moisture-in-all-meats-raw-and-processed', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-155-175-115.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025682270526885986', 'original_id': '6e4b111bc2232de1f405ff3240da22d5a407cfdae1ba50aa31db2834948519c6'} |
Meaning varies. That which is considered lower-class, visceral, puerile, uncultured. Popular culture as opposed to fine arts. It's usually derogatory, but for no good reason: Airplane! is certainly lowbrow rather than highbrow, but it's one of my favorite movies. The perception of comedy in general as lowbrow may be why critics never seem to review funny movies well.
Presumably meant to evoke the image of a Neanderthal's thick brow.
Throw enough shit against the wall, and eventually something will stick. That is the theory behind is one of those rare websites that transcends commerce, education, information, and community. It runs the gamut from the bizarre to the sublime to the outrageous, all within a few brief clicks. It is half train wreck, half catfight, and all white trash.
In short, a joy to behold.
Basically, the premise behind LowBrow is that you, the world-weary traveler, can add your "moment" to the ether. A moment is just an entry in the great LowBrow database, but as the ABOUT page of the website notes, not just any old episode will suffice. is about sweat stains on your wife beater t-shirt,
shaving your head, but not your mutton-chops,
owning cars with "t-tops,"
eating at fast food restaurants,
and having full-time diarrhea.
The entries are often a little too close to this description, but occasionally there are some truly gut-wrenching moments. Take, for example, the story of the guy who, jealous of another more popular guy, laced the guy's food with tapeworms, turning him into a social pariah. Or the tale of the boy who accidentally cut off his finger - only to have his baby sister pick up the disembodied appendage and start chewing on it.
Still, underneath this thick skin of tough love and redneck pasts, lies the most ingenious thought of all: that in our lowest moments are our most revealing truths. Some telling examples follow:
Okay I went out got really drunk, met a 2 great guys and ended up going home with one for a night of mind blowing sex. I mean great sex and I did things farther "south" then I ever thought I would or could do. A couple of days later the other guy calls and asks to go out. I'm not totally stupid. I know chances are he knows I shagged his friend. Still I agreed to go out with him. Wow...I'm a slut who knew.
procrastination is like masturbation, it feels good while ur doing it but in the end your only fucking yourself
Was reading about heroin today. On top of the supposed euphoria it provides, it also diminishes appetite. Things are bad when you're considering heroin as a weight-loss method. I only want to lose 10 pounds. Jesus Christ.
i haven't had sex in over two years. two years... that's 730 plus days. now you know why i cut you off on the freeway.
Air hockey is frighteningly similar to real life: Whenever I really, really want it, I play like shit. But when I couldn't give a fuck, I score like crazy.
I inherited another piece of shitty legacy code today. I almost screamed, but instead I consoled myself with a lunch consisting of three small bags of greasy chips, and a couple of cups of coke. It sucks to work for the borg.
I spotted a folded $20 on the sidewalk. I picked it up, trying not to be obvious and jump for joy. It was a religious pamphlet, disguised as a $20 to "shame" you for being so greedy, then lure you into a church group. I cursed God and threw it in the garbage.
Those people that think that it sucks to wake up in a puddle of their own blood have obviously not woken up in a puddle of somebody elses.
For years, I was annoyed by some of my elderly aunts who used to approach me at weddings, poke me in the ribs and cackle, "You're next!" It annoyed me to no end. I solved the problem when I started doing the same thing to them at funerals.
a recent conversation so what happens if someone takes you pennyante advice and does off themselves what the fuck are you some kervourkian for the lamespirited
wow i never thought of it as a problem with someones spirit
maybe it is
in a world of cash as cash can i may have overlooked the one thing that separates us from the monkies who fling shit at each other from trees
wait a minute
were not really alll that far out of the trees yet
I could go on with many more joyful nuggets of wisdom, humor, and vitriol. But I'll suppose I'll just leave you to it. I'm sure you'll fit right in.
To the person who invented the detachable shower massager;
I don't know you but I think I love you!
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Even as Rome wrecked the tribal peoples of the north, the shattered empires of the east, and the rebel scum of proud belligerents, its own people were not safe from Roman desire and violence! Even if a girl was of an influential family, she was just curvaceous, female meat to the Roman soldiers and patrols of the night. These girls might hope to find justice if they survive their awful encounter with the centurions of the city. But there was another class of females who had no hope of justice or reprieve. The slave girls of the cities were treated no better than stray dogs or rats, taken and used whenever the people wanted. But things were worse when the desire turned to bloodlust
Category: 3D BDSM, Damian | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9822363257408142}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42351', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:O556G755GRCOKKVF2ENJEBMNO5DPSSXY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8d751d4e-0432-42be-afbf-72916f84ab41>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 23, 2, 16, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.94.233.60', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4ZVBH7A3ALSUPEKGYVQ6KHHYCVOJ7TQ2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:19c0e183-918f-4422-9f96-bf0215e976c5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://megabdsmart.com/index.php/2017/06/17/roman-cruelty-decadence-7-by-damian/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:27cda963-458a-43cd-9281-6f6a6a70e5a1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '130', 'url': 'http://megabdsmart.com/index.php/2017/06/17/roman-cruelty-decadence-7-by-damian/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-45-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1357594132423401', 'original_id': '4f0e075e03efd238a39b287f3252350d6853e17f92f48c1c23e8dc84ce2a3ca0'} |
This function can be used to convert the intensity units of a collection of iso_files to a scaled unit (e.g. from mV to V, or nA to mA) or different unit (e.g. from mV to nA or vice-versa). The original signal intensity units are inferred from the naming of the intensity columns. The new units must be a voltage (V) or current (A) but can have any valid SI prefix. Conversion from voltage to current and vice versa requires information about the resistors used in the op amp. This information is automatically retrieved during file read for file formats that contain resistors values (e.g. dxf and did) and are read with the read_method_info=TRUE parameter (see iso_get_resistors_info for details on how to access resistor values in read files). If resistor values are not set in a file, it will not allow automatic conversion between voltage and current. Instead, the R and R_units parameters can be used to provide specific resistor values. However, if R is set, these values will be used for all passed in iso_files.
iso_convert_signals(iso_files, to, R, R_units = NA, quiet = default(quiet))
collection of iso_file objects
what signal unit to convert to
resistor value(s). If not specified, will use resitor values from individual iso_files. If specified, must be a named vector with Rm (m=mass) as names (e.g. c(R45=0.3, R46=3)), in units of R_units. If specified, will be used for ALL provided iso_files.
determined what units resistor values (R) are in, if they are specified. Example R_units = "GOhm" designates that the resistor values provided in R parameter are in Giga-Ohm, i.e. 10^9 Ohm.
the passed in iso_file(s) with changed signal units | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.6924221515655518}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '11357', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PFOL2AIWDUQXHZ73QHA6VCINNQ23JCZT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:88d337dc-e009-4488-b937-fc8a765336b3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 3, 0, 15, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.176.76', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4MJJTRLYBJFMTHGPXC7UBOCTWOXKBJB7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:98aa1059-b143-497a-ae21-4e13b5670c5a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://isoprocessor.isoverse.org/reference/iso_convert_signals.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:36fd85b1-0f3c-4511-bec3-dd3adbe0419a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '275', 'url': 'https://isoprocessor.isoverse.org/reference/iso_convert_signals.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-182.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12867987155914307', 'original_id': 'b5a799b5cfd9a73e76d7fc1317fb40357fd6b5abe1309dbab5df1949acecf3dc'} |
In the Wikipedia article about lobbying in the U.S., I found this excerpt interesting:
The Lobbying Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 (H.R. 4975) legislation modified Senate rules, although some senators and a coalition of good-government groups assailed the bill as being too weak.
However, the linked source is no longer available, which makes it difficult to know why the law was deemed too weak.
Statement of Reform Groups on Lobbying Legislation Passed by Senate, March 29, 2006. Campaign Legal Center, Common Cause, Democracy 21, the League of Women Voters, Public Citizen and U.S. PIRG.
Can you explain to me why it was deemed too weak and what other countries do to make lobbying more transparent and less prone to corruption, and why the U.S. won't reform it to make it better for the people?
| improve this question | | | | |
From the Internet Archive of the press release, which was issued by the Campaign Legal Center, Common Cause, Democracy 21, the League of Women Voters, Public Citizen, and U.S. PIR: (all emphasis mine)
A majority of Senators, for example, voted against the establishment of an Office of Public Integrity for the Senate. The Office was proposed to address the biggest ethics problem facing the institution, the absence of a publicly credible and publicly acceptable system for enforcing the Senate ethics rules.
The defense of the current system by Senate Ethics Committee Chairman George Voinovich (R-Ohio) came down to the public equivalent of "Trust us. We're doing a good job. We just can't tell you what we are doing."
That is not good enough for the American people.
Our organizations will continue to work for the establishment of an independent, impartial Office of Public Integrity in the Senate to help ensure that the Senate ethics rules are enforced.
The Senate lobbying bill also fails to provide any new restrictions on privately-funded travel for Members. The bill also fails to stop Members from treating corporate planes as their own private air force. The bill also fails to stop lobbyists from financing lavish parties for Members. These are all areas of great abuse that will now continue unabated.
The Senate lobbying bill also fails to require disclosure of numerous ways in which lobbyists provide financial help for Members, such as soliciting and bundling campaign contributions for Members, paying for Members' parties, making contributions to foundations and other entities controlled by Members and paying for Members' events, including conferences and retreats.
We recognize that the legislation does make improvements in a number of areas, including a ban of gifts from lobbyists, quarterly reports by lobbyists that are searchable on the Internet, disclosure for the first time of spending on grassroots lobbying activities, and disclosure for the first time of fundraisers held by lobbyists for Members and other federal candidates.
These positive features of the legislation, however, do not compensate for the greater failures of the Senate to address its most important lobbying and ethics problems.
My impression from the press release is that these groups did want this bill to pass despite the gaps in it, simply because it was a step in the right direction. Otherwise, they wouldn't have issued a press release decrying the Senate's failure to act.
| improve this answer | | | | |
It's deemed too weak because it leaves the revolving door open from Congress to lobbying.
As things stand, your career options after not getting elected are moving on, joining the executive branch of government in some form or shape, staying around as a lobbyist, or getting hired by one of your major donors for good services rendered. The two former aren't a problem. The latter two are.
There's chatter to disallow former congressmen from engaging in lobbying activities, or joining former major donor firms, if only for a cool down period. See for instance Warren's proposals on the topic.
If you need a primer on why it matters, see Lawrence Lessig's legal activist work (example).
Other countries suffer from similar types of issues. (One caveat: insofar as I'm aware, the US is the only democracy whose Supreme Court allows corporations to be as politically engaged as Citizens United allows.)
| improve this answer | | | | |
• Your awareness is faulty: Corporations are not by any stretch "full political participants" and can't, among other things, vote or make direct campaign contributions. The concept of corporate personhood (as distinct from natural personhood) has been a basic feature of the common-law system since before business corporations existed. – chrylis -cautiouslyoptimistic- Aug 2 '19 at 2:04
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• Yessss def fo sure
It should so people can become more responsible and independent. Children can learn to support their family and make a living for them. My father started driving and working at 8 and he is the most sucessful person i know. So i say yes and the working age should be lowered too.
• Heck yeah it should be lowered
I think so because eth n I could get a job and help raise money for my family and help to buy us a new home but then I could also save my mom new to save the environment and. Help prevent animal obus. And also it doesn't even have to be all stores.
• Yes the age should be lowered
Some kids are capable of being responsible and some are not. Kids who are responsible enough will pass a job interview with flying colors. Of course the kids who are not responsible enough will not get the job because they will most likely not pass the job interview. Not every kid is unresponsible.
• Yes they should
People of any age deserves to make money. Children and teenagers need to learn how to responsibly use money and what better way than to actually get a job. Hands on experience will always pay off in the future. Also it will give them a chance to make money so that they can start a savings account, checking account, and maybe even start investing. According to Damien Hearse, “I think it’s important for everyone to make money, because the lack of it is so painful” (Hearse). Lets face it, teenagers love money. Or maybe they just love to spend it… Either way, when they are stopped from making money they will definitely feel it. People might say, “They can deal with it.” But that’s not fair, if they are getting a job, then they are working for money, they aren't just stealing money to spend, they are an active member of the economy.
If the child/teenager is not capable of working the job and not responsible enough, they won’t make the interview; they won’t be hired. According to Edward de Bono, “Teaching thinking to unemployed youngsters for just 5 hours can increase their chance for getting a job by almost 500%” (Edward de Bono). Some people say that it will be annoying having a bunch of kids running around in the workplace, but they wouldn’t hire those kinds of people!
Lots of people argue that changing this law to a younger age would promote child labor. Parents could force their kids to work and pay the parents their earnings. This could be solved by two things: Make every child a private bank account that their parents don’t have access to. Also, we would probably make a law that they cannot work at labor jobs, mines, mills etc. These two things would solve that problem. According to The Trouble with Child Labor Laws, “Might these folks have something to offer the workplace? And might the young benefit from a bit of early work experience, too?...” They also state, “The government doesn't seem to mind so much if a kid spends all non-school hours away from the home, family, and church, but it forbids them from engaging in private-sector work during the time when they would otherwise be in public schools drinking from the well of civic culture.” (Mises Daily Articles). To summarize, people don’t seem to care when teens are out doing things with their friends or just whatever, but the second they try to spend that free time being a good member of society, then all of the sudden, that’s a problem.
People of any age deserve to be able to have a job. People need to realise that not every young person is incapable of being responsible enough to have a job, that they have the right to make money, and it would not promote child labor likes lots of people claim. If they weren’t responsible enough for the job, then they would not make the interview.
• Yas ppl need work
Ppl need work mosty teens but some kids lke myself need food money and other stuff if kids could work i bet life would be amazing im only 17 but i know how hard it is for kids to womder around some kids parents wouldt even feed him/her its cruel
• Yes it should be lowered
Kids could pay for college and for a house or tax . Also they could help pay for food, clothes, and more . They could also buy a car and save it in tell they are 16 and then they don't have to worry about buying a car that time.
• Yes they schould
As a 14 year old, i want to prove that at such age more than 65% of us are capable of taking matterable dessions knowing the consequenses.An ability of trying out a job is a good apportunity for this generation. It doesnt have to be full time instead it can be limited at first, and as the age increases the working hours can be more segnificant. You have to understand that not all 14 yearold teenages are immature and physically uncapable of such weight upon then, on the other hand i would reasure you its not the case. I am a foreigner and I have already learned 3 languages ( Spanish , French, English as well as Russian being my 1st). For myself i can say that i am willing to prove my ability and i dont think that im any different from any other 14 year old. The more earlier you will beggin to practice working the sooner and earlier you will understand the real meaning of hard working. Tennagers should be aloud to do so. If you think that 14 is too low then give it a try at least by lowering the employment age to 16. We are no longer Children most of us at 14 get a passport and a responsibility to look after such an important documen, so how would it be different to allow 14 year olds to work 2-3 hours after schools?
• I like booty
Oh, my, God Becky, look at her butt
It is so big, she looks like
One of those rap guys' girlfriends.
But, ya know, who understands those rap guys?
They only talk to her, because,
She looks like a total prostitute, 'kay?
I mean, her butt, is just so big
I can't believe it's just so round, it's like out there
I mean gross, look
She's just so, black
I like big butts and I can not lie
You other brothers can't deny
That when a girl walks in with an itty bitty waist
And a round thing in your face
You get sprung, want to pull up tough
'Cause you notice that butt was stuffed
Deep in the jeans she's wearing
I'm hooked and I can't stop staring
Oh baby, I want to get wit'cha
And take your picture
• Yes it should
First of all don't you find it funny that most of the people that comment no the only thing they said was random dumb words. I mean if they lower it to 14 many more kids will be able to go to college because they would have already been working hard for money.
• Yes they should
When a kid drop out of school before 14 where dose he goes, not to he's parent after he just quit school. He need a job and fast. But what can he do, he ain't 14 he can't work. If he didn't save he's money before dropping, he's dead meat.
• Legal Working Age Should Not Be Lowered
No, the legal working age should not be lowered to 14 as even young teenagers deserve to have their time to themselves. 16 years old is a great age to start teaching the responsibility of work, but teens even as old as 15 deserve to have time to themselves and not yet have to work.
• The legal working age should not be lowered to 14.
I believe that the legal working age should not be lowered to 14. Kids needs to be kids during their teenage years and not have to worry about holding a job. In addition, many kids lack the maturity needed to hold a job. Mistakes could be made and injuries or death could result.
• Hi hi hi
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• No it should not
It should not because it is unsafe for the kids and you would have to work on work not school dfdd d d d d d d ddd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d
• Ddddddddddddddeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee
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• Ddddddddddddddeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee
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• Noonvsonsdovkn socnweicn sodfnvosfiv
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• Hi hi hi
Leave a comment...
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Jamaican_me_craazy says2014-09-10T21:22:43.263
In my defense, I don't believe that children at age 14 should only have to focus on school and having fun. I strongly disagree with lowering the legal working age is wrong because in my point of view that is depriving kids from enjoying their childhood. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '250', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9060020446777344}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '172930', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5SCLMB5AXRBJRC367DC6GS4OWU6PLWUO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a2db57bd-a1bb-4f89-8e58-35f58b52d167>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 8, 14, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.2.131.113', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NAZDJLSYO74JVHAZYXRPA2BARZO5BBXN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8d0861e9-baf9-4e30-a800-378c07c0dce1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-the-legal-working-age-be-lowered-to-14', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f016a356-9ab4-4672-9913-6b83c32ef7b4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1878', 'url': 'http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-the-legal-working-age-be-lowered-to-14', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025781214237213135', 'original_id': '329b48585c6bd692e937e0f17345a2d02676a643e5ace072c1dd329e0963107d'} |
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Saturday, August 18, 2012
pirates love loose parts
Beware. There are pirates at preschool.
They have a pirate ship and have outfitted it with cannons.
The cannons shoot cannon balls. Just roll a ball down the pipe, stand back and wait for the explosion.
The beauty of having a myriad loose parts in a playground - and the time and freedom to use them as they please - is that the children can carry out their complex play scenarios in endless creative and imaginative ways.
They can see their ideas through to fruition independently, without having to break their play to seek adult assistance or risk pesky adult interference.
Sometimes - like this one - we only see evidence of their play after the fact.
Play is a child's business. Loose parts help them get on with it.
1. And aren't boats one of the best permanent props any playground can have? Lucky children!
2. I love this! I have a board on Pinterest of outdoor play inspiration ( and your blog is a constant source of inspiration for it. :) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9484294652938844}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '120016', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JA2HVL2MKNUQGCE3PRWVKUSPN74NYZOJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:09f69ac5-04f5-4c31-96ae-d00c684aa6d5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 16, 37, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.194.76.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5J62ABTUZPKJJWKLMPHJ6YMDY5CSO7GG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:66bc5ff1-7bf3-4971-bb53-7a6403fdc072>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.letthechildrenplay.net/2012/08/pirates-love-loose-parts.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3f23f43b-ad85-46e1-9ef1-ea6a072d18ef>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '176', 'url': 'http://www.letthechildrenplay.net/2012/08/pirates-love-loose-parts.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07296442985534668', 'original_id': '8020ad00faa1e13017c8ee24ba0884096b28f8e7c2dfde76198541f98e790314'} |
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<h1>Jumpstart</h1>
<h2>-~ Prime ~-</h2>
<p>Interact to start</p>
<div class="footer">
<p>
<a href="https://globalgamejam.org/2020/games/sv-0">FGJ2020</a> -
Game
<a href="https://globalgamejam.org/2020/games/sv-0">Sampo</a> &
<a href="http://viljamipeltola.com/">Viljami</a>,
Audio <a href="https://www.instagram.com/talpappi/">Anna</a>
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Efficacy of lateral ventricular injection of epinephrine, cyproheptadine, or adenosine triphosphate on feed intake in thiamin-deficient turkeys.
In previous work, thiamin deficiency (TD) resulted in decreased brain levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and epinephrine, but serotonin (5-HT) was increased in the turkey. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the introduction of calculated levels of epinephrine, ATP, or cyproheptadine into the lateral ventricle could affect feed intake of TD birds. Adenosine triphosphate, epinephrine, and cyproheptadine (5-HT antagonist) were injected into the lateral ventricle of TD and control birds. These injections did not alter feed intake in the control birds. Cyproheptadine and ATP decreased feed intake in the 1st h in the TD birds as compared with sham-injected TD birds (P less than .05), but epinephrine had no effect. The results indicate replacement or inhibition of a single altered neurochemical does not increase short-term feed intake in TD birds. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b30821f585e3b6f579bfe7dbcd471d486612336e18c5450c6b9f08e54ad4024a'} |
Thursday, December 22, 2011
Romeo and Juliet in Limerick Form
Romeo and Juliet
(with apologies to Wm. Shakespeare)
In Verona, a city so fair,
Two families were oft feuding there.
In this mess we do find
Star-crossed lovers entwined
And I fear that they haven’t a prayer.
Young Romeo and family most rash,
A Capulet part did crash.
‘twas there that he met
The sweet Juliet
And fell deep in love, in a flash.
Poor Juliet felt rather blue.
Her beau was a dread Montague.
Yet she loved just the same
Asking “What’s in a name”
Still she didn’t know what she should do.
Then Romeo that lover so keen
Climbed to her on vines, strong and green.
Together these two
Vowed they’d always be true
In what’s known as the balcony scene.
But trouble in Verona did grow
When Tybalt stabbed Mercutio.
Cried he “You’re all louses,
A plague on your houses!
I’m dead from a murderous blow.”
Wedded bliss just was not meant to be
For Romeo slew Tybalt you see.
As the Princes’ law writ
Romeo’s live was forfeit
So our hero had to pack up and flee.
A plan to fake death went awry
When Romeo thought Juliet did die –
So he offed himself then
She did herself in.
Thus together entombed they both lie.
Then the Prince scolded both families
Take a look at these two, if you please.
Because of your hate
Juliet and her mate
Are now one of the Bard’s tragedies.
1 comment:
1. Oh, honestly, woman!
How am I supposed to keep feeling depressed if you're going to post things like this? Really, some people these days, so selfish, no consideration... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '27', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9452378749847412}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '180661', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V2ZDR5X5ESMDRKKNLFEPS4QQYUZSQZOC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d578a391-0b80-41d2-a4ad-e0f565aea977>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 10, 59, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.44', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XPUGU75I2MIOHN5AVX2BHG25RQ4BE36B', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4fc958a4-d728-4b68-9948-8997f4a46ea2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://happycatholic.blogspot.com/2011/12/romeo-and-juliet-in-limerick-form.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:be010065-1a6d-4054-8cb0-265076ff37b9>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '311', 'url': 'http://happycatholic.blogspot.com/2011/12/romeo-and-juliet-in-limerick-form.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1703552007675171', 'original_id': '262b6ee247e1a4788a73a2f1ec9dee281c2f171c2862dbeceb638a8d74dada3b'} |
Vendi ,cdj 7 Join foi?; —S6^aBRèe ♦ "JOURNAL RÉPUBLICAIN Organe EègionaWe U Bret^ B5, RUE JEAN MAÇSle Champ-^ ^oNB : 1.96 TÊT-" ABONNEMENTS : ^ljStëre et limitr. 1 an, 20 f. ; 6 mois, 11 f. : 3 mois, * t. France — 28 — 15 — 8 Colonies — 32 —^ 17* — • Étranger (Union m.) — 38 ■■ 13 "=* 1 »° 9.785. Vendredi 7 Juin 1912 Les Abonnement» partent des i" et tS et sont payables d'avance. ST Rèdlaotenr eaa. OHef ° Louis COUDTTRIER INFORMATIONS TÉLÉGRAPHIQUES Par Fil spécial et, direct PARIS-BRESX (Propriété du Journal) 25, RUE JEAN MACÈ, BH^ST Champ-de-Bataille Adresse télégraphique : DÉPÊCHE BREST TARIF DES INSERTIONS : ^nnonces 0 fr. 40 la lign* Eéclames 3, pagQ j , _ . ~ 49 ~ I 0 60 Faits divers 4 6Q Chronique locale g t — maritime 2 t —, Tarif décroissant pour les annonces plusieurs fois répétées. En pleine clarté On annonce que le gouvernement va déposer très prochainement, sur le bureau de la Chambre, son projet de réforme électorale. ' En agissant ainsi, le ministère ne fait que se conformer aux promesses exprimées mercredi, à la tribune, par le président du Conseil. Mais ce dépôt me suffit pas ; M. Poincaré, qui sera ip'rêt, dit-on, lundi prochain, veut hâter les choses ; il souhaite que le débat revienne à l'ordre du jour dans les premières séances de la dernière quinzaine du présent mois de juin. Nous ne doutons pas que la commission du suffrage universel se mette résolument à l'oeuvre, de façon à faciliter les travaux de la Chambre et à accélérer le plus possible, maintenant, la solution d'une question irritante entre toutes, transformée en une sorte d'obsession dont le Parlement et le pays ont intérêt à se délivrer dans le •plus bref délai. En attendant, les quelques douzaines de fidèles défenseurs, que compte encore le scrutin de clocher, fourbissent leurs meilleures armes ; c'est comme line harka qui, dans la solitude du désert, combine le plan d'un assaut désespéré, que les chefs eux-mêmes considèrent comme une vaine fantasia. Les dernières dispositions du combat seront arrêtées après-demain, au banquet du comité de la rue de Valois, où M. Combes doit prendre • la parole. Les cinquante arron-dissementiers de Ja Garde — celle qui meurt et ne se rend pas — ont beaucoup d'espoir en cette manifestation culinaire et oratoire. Ils pensent que le vénérable fondateur du Bloc va donner le signal d'un soulèvement général des populations contre la Représentation Proportionnelle, qu'il lui suffira d'ouvrir la bouche et d'étendre la main pour que s'évanouissent aussitôt les phalanges innombrables des Proportionnalistes, pour que Charles Benoist se terre et que Poincaré soit démoli, réduit en poussière, volatilisé ! M. Combes aura-t-il la témérité de s'attaquer aux forces puissantes, irrésistibles, invincibles désormais du Bloc Erpéiste, — car c'est aussi un bloc qui, peu à peu, sous la poussée de l'opinion s'est formé de toutes pièces, bloc plus solide que l'autre parce qu'il n'est plus l'oeuvre d'un parti, mais comme l'assemblage et la soudure des meilleurs éléments de tous les partis, et parce qu'il a pour base élargie les assises du Droit et de la Justice. M. Jaurès ne croit pas que son vieil ami aille jusque là ; il espère qu'au dernier moment il reculera, et qu'il ne donnera pas au parti radical le triste spectacle d'une persistance entêtée dans l'erreur notoire. Mais il ignore absolument l'idée de derrière la tête de M. Combes. Que va-t-il donc se passer, dimanche ? Ou M. Combes se déclarera résolument hostile au projet Poincaré, ou il se décidera à mettre ses amis radicaux et radicaux-socialistes tout à fait à l'aise, en leur conseillant d'adhérer au principe de la réforme électorale, chacun demeurant libre, du reste, d'agir à son gré pour les détails de la future législation. : Dans le premier cas, le plus probable, dit-on, le Petit Père se suicide et disparaît aussitôt de la scène politique, pour n'y plus jamais rentrer. Dans le second cas, il ferait tomber le dernier obstacle qui gêne encore l'évolution , rationnelle de la Réforme. Et ce serait un beau geste pour ce vi'eux chef de parti. Mais quoiqu'il arrive, et que l'orateur de Saint-Mandé se prononce pour ou contre, il est bien évident que le discours d'après-demain n'aura qu'un intérêt absolument secondaire. La chute du ministère Poincaré n'est même plus à envisager, parce qu'une crise, provoquée par les arrondisse-mentiers impénitents, ne ferait, en somme, qu'aggraver le cas pénible où ils se sont mis. Aucun-gouvernement ne saurait vivre désormais s'il n'est proportionna-liste, parce que la même coalition qui, à chaque consultation, se manifeste maintenant chez les électeurs, se formerait au Parlement, et que tout travail législatif ne tarderait pas à devenir impossible. Certains envisagent, si de telles conjonctures se produisaient, la possibilité d'une dissolution, mais la dissolution elle-même aboutirait à un vaste référendum sur la question de la R. P. Le pays s'est prononcé déjà dix fois, vingt fois, cent fois dans les élections partielles. Des élections générales donneraient évidemment le même résultat, et les arrondissementiers auraient seulement reculé de quelques semaines de quelques mois peut-être, le saut final auquel ils sont irrémédiablement condamnés. De quelque côté que nous envisagions la situation, elle nous apparaît de plus en plus, rassurante.* La victoire n'est plus seulement certaine ; elle est prochaine. Nous marchons désormais en pleine clcirt'é Lcms COUJDURIER. oi 's»opos awar Au moment où l'on ne parle que de la maîtrise de la Méditerranée, M. André Hesse, député, vient d'exhumer tort à propos, quelques extraits d'un ouvrage de l'amiral Fournier : « La politique navale et la Hotte française ». (< Le port de Brest, écrivait l'amiral, forme l'avancée de la France dans TA tlan-tique. Au débouché de la Manche, il constitue le réduit de notre front de mer. Cet arsenal serait, de plus, un refuge incomparable pour notre flotté de commerce et nos plus grands pitqtwbots. Brest doit être, en conséquence, aménagé, outillé, approvisionné et défendu de façon à servir éventuellement de base d'opérations à une armée navale complète. s M. André Hesse, résumant la thèse de l'ancien amiralissime ajoute : « M. l'amiral Fournier ne croit pas du tout que les escadres d'aucune puissance puissent se risquer, en temps de guerre, dans la Méditerranée, d'où elles seront écartées, dit-il, t( par les engins explosifs de toutes sortes dont cette mer sera encombrée *. // croit, au contraire, et il estime que toutes les forces navales cuiras" sées devront se porter dans l'Atlantique. » L'opinion reproduite ici ne date pas d'hier; mais l'amiral Fournier n'a pas dû changer d'avis. Mieux que jamais notre littoral méditerranéen (métropole et Afrique du Nord) serait défendu, le cas échéant, (( par les engins explosifs de toutes sortes dont cette mer sera encombrée ». A tout le moins, il est permis de dire que datas les discussions en cours sur la nécessité de la maîtrise dans la Méditerranée, on néglige singulièrement l'importance de la situation navale dans le Nord. C'est un plan original vraiment, que celui qui consiste en ceci : à l'Angleterre le soin de défendre la France dans la Manche et l'Atlantique; à la France celui de sauvegarder les intérêts de l'Angleterre dans la Méditerranée. Beaucoup de journaux anglais commencent à critiquer cette conception; ils observent qu'on n'est jamais si bien défendu que par soi-même. Pourquoi VAngleterre n'entretiendrait-elle pas une forte escadre dans ta Méditerranée, comme autrefois? Cela nous permettrait de décongestionner notre armée navale et d'avoir dans le Nord autre chose qu'un semblant d'escadre. Quoi qu'il en soit, la citation faite par M. André Hesse revêt un intérêt particulier, quand on sait que si M. Delcassé avait quitté la rue Royale l'autre semaine, l'amiral Fourmier eût sans doute été appelé à le remplacer. Aurions-nous vu, dans ce cas, une nouvelle répartition de nos forces navales ?. rammes DE L'ÉTRANGER Par noirs Fil Télégraphique spécial PARIS-BREST Paris, 6 juin, 7 h. 30 soir. T . Paris, 6 juin. Les ministres se sont réunis, ce matin, en conseil de cabinet, au ministère des Affaires étrangères, sous la présidence de M. Poincaré. lis se sont presque exclusivement occupés du projet de loi sur la réforme électorale préparé par le gouvernement, en vue de compléter, sur quelques points, les dispositions déjà arrêtées, te projet sera déposé, lundi ou mardi de la semaine prochaine, sur le bureau de la Chambre. CHAMBRE DES DÉPUTÉS SÉANCE DU MATIN Paris, 6 juin, La séance est ouverte à 9 h. 15. M. Puech préside. LE BTJDG-ET La Chambre a terminé ce matin l'examen des chapitres du budget de la Justice et adopté le budget de la Légion d'honneur. M. Pourquery de Boisserin propose de réduire le chapitre 5 de la Justice (conseil d'Etat personnel) des 93 mille francs destinés à augmenter les traitements des auditeurs et maîtres des requêtes. L'orateur estime qu'il est beaucoup plus équitable ide réserver ces largesses aux magistrats de province et spécialement aux juges suppléants. M. Briand, Garde des Sceaux, répond que ce crédit a pour objet d'assurer le recrutement du Conseil d'Etat. Au concours de 1911, il n'y a pas eu assez de candidats reçus pour combler les vides. D'autre part, les démissions sont fréquentes. C'est pour remédier à cette situation que le gouvernement a proposé une augmentation de crédits. Il ne faut pas lier cette question à celle de l'amélioration du sort des magistrats. Le ministre s'en est déjà occupé. Il promet de présenter à cet effet des relèvements de crédits l'année prochaine pour mettre fin à une situation intolérable. C'est sous l'influence d'un péril imminent, d'une nécessité absolue, qu'a été proposé le crédit du chapitre 5. (Applaudissements). M. Ajam, rapporteur, appuie ces observations. M. Pourquery de Boisserin. — Si le nombre des candidats diminue, si les auditeurs et les maîtres des requêtes démissionnent, c'est que l'avancement leur est barré par le favoritisme qui introduit au Conseil d'Etat trop d'éléments étrangers. (Très bien ! très bien !) Le chapitre 5, pour lequel la commission et le gouvernement maintiennent leur chiffre, est repoussé après pointage, par 273 voix contre 255. MM. Pourquery de Boisserin et Louis Marin proposent alors un amendement transactionnel qui se borne à supprimer les 24 mille francs destinésà augmenter le traitement des 24 maîtres de requêtes, mais qui permettra d'accorder aux auditeurs et commissaires du gouvernement l'augmentation promise. La commission et le gouvernement acceptent le nouvel amendement, et le chapitre 5, ainsi allégé de 24.000 francs, est adopté. Répondant à diverses observations de M. Bou-veri, M. Briand, Garde des Sceaux, déclare qu'en matière d'accidents du travail l'assistance judiciaire est la règle. Des instructions seront renouvelées dans ce sens en ce qui touche les retards apportés aux jugements d'accidents. L'attention de la chancellerie est constamment tenue en éveil et elle ne manque jamais d'intervenir auprès des parquets intéressés quand un cas particulier lui est signalé. (Très bien 1 Très bien !) Après un échange, de vues entre MM. Pourquery de Boisserin, Marc Réville, Leroy-Beau-heu et le Garde des Sceaux au sujet de l'organisation de l'assistance judiciaire devant les tribunaux de commerce, de la situation des greffiers de tribunaux de simple de police, de la réduction du nombre des juges de paix, etc., M. Lamy demande au Garde des Sceaux de veiller à ce qu'il soit fait moins d'abus des citations par huissiers en matière de simple police et des frais de transport. (Très bien !) Le Garde des Sceaux répond qu'il tiendra ' compte de l'observation. M. Paul Meunier, sur le chapitre 24 (frais de revision des procès criminels1), demande au Garde des Sceaux d'intervenir auprès du procureur général pour que celui-ci porte le plus tôt possible devant la chambre criminelle le pourvoi de l'affaire Durand. M. Briand répond qu'il interviendra auprès du procureur général pour que l'affaire reçoive la solution la plus prompte. (Très bien 1 très bien 1) Les chapitres 24 à 31 et dernier sont adoptés. Les chapitres du budget annexe de la Légion d'honneur sont également votés après un court échange d'observations entre M. Thala-mas et le Garde des Sceaux. La séance est levée à midi 15. SÉANCE DE L'APRÈS-MIDI Les croix do la mutualité La Chambre adopte un projet tendant à autoriser une promotion spéciale dans la Légion d'honneur à l'occasion de la grande fête de la Mutualité. Celte promotion comprendra quatre croix d'officier et vingt de chevalier. La séance est ouverte à 3 h. 15.. M. Deschanel préside. Elogo funôbro do M. Blanchard Au début de la séance, le président annonce la mort de M. Blanchard, député de la Vienne, dont il prononce l'éloge funèbre. On reprend la discussion d'un projet tendant à .réduire à dix heures la durée normale du travail des adultes dans les établissements industriels. L'ensemble du premier paragraphe de l'article 2, qui a été modifié jeudi dernier par l'adoption d'un amendement de M. Lairolle augmentant le nombre des dérogations, est voté sans débat. M. Albert Thomas développe l'amendement suivant, qu'il a présenté avec M. Jules Guésde et plusieurs de ses collègues : « Pour les usines à feu continu et autres branches de l'industrie qui exigent un travail ininterrompu, un règlement d'administration publique interviendra, limitant à huit heures la durée du travail réparti sur trois équipes. La grande métallurgie est le tombeau des hommes forts. En 15.ou 20 ans les lamineurs les plus robustes sont usés..Et c'est dans cette industrie épuisante qu'on veut maintenir la journée de douze heures. (Applaudissements à l'extrême-gauche.) « Est-il possible de faire dans la métallurgie la journée de huit heures ? Un certain nombre d'industriels ont déjà réalisé cette réforme. Grâce au système des trois équipes de huit heures, on a même pu réduire le prix de revient. « En Allemagne et en Angleterre la réforme a donné d'excellents résultats. On a constaté partout une diminution des maladies, de l'ivresse et des accidents. Cette substitution des trois équipes de huit heures aux deux équipes actuelles de 12 heures est une des revendications essentielles de la classe ouvrière. Repousser ces justes revendications ce serait s'exposer aux pires catastrophes. (Applaudissements à l'extrême-gauche.) M. Plichon. — C'est sur le marché extérieur que luttent les producteurs d'Europe. Il ne faut pas handicaper nos industriels pour leur permettre de lutter avec succès contre leurs concurrents sur le marché mondial. (Applaudissements à droite et au centre.) M. Fontaine, directeur du travail, commissaire du gouvernement. — Le gouvernement ne peut pas accepter un amendement réduisant la durée de la présence dans les usines à feu continu de douze à huit heures. Cette réduction aurait pour résultat d'augmenter les frais dans une proportion très élevée. Il faut une préparation internationale pour arriver à cette transformation. Des pourparlers sont engagés à ce sujet. Une conférence préparatoire doit avoir lieu à Londres le 10 juin. Aucune solution définitive ne peut intervenir tant qu'une entente internationale n'aura pas été réalisée. (Applaudissements.) M. Jules Coûtant. — Il a été démontré que l'ouvrier qui a travaillé huit heures par jour pendant six mois produit davantage que l'ouvrier qui a travaillé douze heures. (Applaudissements.) M. Albert Thomas. — II serait paradoxal d'imposer la journée de dix heures dans toutes les industries et de laisser la journée de douze heures dans les industries où l'on reconnaît que le travail est épuisant. (Très bien 1 Très bien !) On a fait justice de l'argument de la concurrence internationale pour toutes les industries. Il ne doit pas être retenu vis-à-vis des industries les plus épuisantes. (Applaudissements.) M. Soussial, bien que partisan de la journée de huit heures pour les usines à feu continu, déclare qu'il ne votera pas l'amendement qui, s'il était incorporé à la loi, risquerait d'en compromettre le vote. M. Colliard, président de la commission du travail. — La commission fait tous, ses efforts pour aboutir à un résultat. En ce qui concerne l'amendement de M. Thomas, je dois faire observer qu'à l'étranger la durée du travail est dans un grand nombre d'usines de douze heures. La situation des ouvriers métallurgistes est certainement des plus dignes d'intérêt, mais la commission estime qu'avec le texte qu'elle propose elle préparera l'avènement du mode de travail que préconise M. Thomas plus facilement que si elle incorporait son amendement à la loi. (Applaudissements.) M. Albert Thomas. — La loi ne sera pas populaire si on laisse de côté les pires exploités du monde du travail. (Applaudissements à l'extrême-gauche.) M. le ministre du Travail. — Au point de vue moral, tout le monde reconnaît la condition pénible qui est faite aux ouvriers de certaines industries. Au point de vue.du fait, il s'agit d'une transformation complète de la fabrication. L'industrie demande qu'on ne charge pas ses frais généraux de 50 0/0 avant que ses concurrents éSrangers soient soumis à une mesure semblable. Des études internationales sont en cours. Le gouvernement a le désir d'arriver à une réduction de la durée du travail dans les usines à feu continu, mais il demande à la Chambre de ne pas, par une hâte excessive, imposer aux industriels une transformation dont le gouvernement ne peut pas prendre la responsabilité. (Très bien I Très bien !) L'amendement de M. Albert Thomas est repoussé, après pointage, par 374 voix contre 188. M. Jules Roche demande. que les industriels dont les opérations ne peuvent être régulièrement réparties dans le cours de l'année et dont la période de pleine activité est inférieure à neuf mois, soient comprises au point de vue des dérogations dans celles qui feront l'objet d'un règlement d'administration publique. Il s'agit en l'espèce des usines de peignage et de cardage de la région du Nord. M. Justin Godart, rapporteur. — Les dérogations de 90 jours accordées par la Chambre donnent satisfaction aux industries saisonnières, comme celles qui sont visées par l'amendement. Le commissaire du gouvernement appuie ces observations. M. Léon Bourgeois, ministre du Travail. — La Chambre a voté 90 jours de dérogation pour tenir compte de toutes les nécessités que les industries ont fait valoir. Si en dehors de ces 90 jours on accordait à certaines industries un régime d'exception, on ferait brèche à la réglementation du travail. (Très bien ! Très bien !) L'amendement Plichon est repoussé par 455 voix contre 97. La suite de la discussion est renvoyée à jeudi prochain. Prochaine séance demain matin. La séance est levée à 6 h. 30. SENAT Ll StfiAMCE Paris, 6 juin. La séance est ouverte à 4 h. 45. M. Antonio Dubost préside. LA DÉFENSENATIONALE Le Sénat entame la discussion de l'interpellation de M. Maxime Lecomte sur l'organisation légale de la défense nationale. Quel serait en temps de guerre le gouvernement de la France? Comment serait organisé le haut commandement. Comment serait maintenu l'ordre à l'intérieur? Comment, enfin, se comporterait notre organisation constitutionnelle? Tels sont les problèmes très complexes que l'orateur va tout d'abord tour à tour étudier. Du moins, il l'affirme. Mais, en réalité, il se contente d'envisager l'organisation parlementaire. En premier lieu, il traite de la question du service militaire des députés et sénateurs en cas de mobilisation. Les parlementaires appelés sous les drapeaux doivent-ils s'y rendre sans délai? « Pour moi, soldat de la défense nationale, officier de l'armée de Faidherbe en 1871, j'estime que les représentants du pays se doivent, avant tout, à l'exercice de leur mandat. (Interruption à droite.) « Doit-on priver, en effet, la Chambre de ses membres les plus actifs parce que les plus jeunes? Cette question fut souvent posée aux ministres de la Guerre, mais jamais elle ne fut envisagée sérieusement. » Puis parlant des rapports du conseil supérieur de la défense nationale et du pouvoir législatif, il demande en substance, et c'est sa conclusion, que le gouvernement étudie dès à présent, afin de ne point l'improviser en temps de guerre, un projet qui, modifiant la Constitution, adjoindrait, en cas de mobilisation, au conseil supérieur de la défense nationale, une délégation du pouvoir législatif. Réponse de M. Millerand M. Millerand, ministre de la Guerre, répond : « Une série de projets ont été depuis longtemps préparés pour régler les problèmes qui concernent la vie nationale tout entière. Le cabinet actuel s'est occupé de revoir ces projets pour se rendre compte de leur adaptation à toutes les nécessités futures. Mais, dès à présent, je puis donner au Sénat l'assurance que le gouvernement n'a rien négligé et ne négligera rien pour remplir les devoirs qui lui incomberont au jour de la guerre si malheureusement ce jour doit jamais venir. (Très bien!) « Je puis dire, en outre, que des projets sont prêts. Il m'est impossible d'en donner le détail. Mais, au moment de la mobilisation, tout devra être subordonné à cette unique pensée : A tout prix et par. tous les moyens, nous devrons nous assurer ,1a victoire et, pour cela, laisser à l'autorité militaire sa pleine et entière liberté. (Vifs applaudissements.) Toute autre considération disparaîtra devant celle-là. » (Nouveaux applaudissements.) ORDRE DU JOUR La discussion générale est close, et le Sénat adopte, à l'unanimité, l'ordre du jour suivant, présenté par l'interpellateur : Le Sénat, approuvant les déclarations du gour-vernement et confiant en sa prévoyance et sa sollicitude pour préparer et prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires dans l'intérêt de la défense nationale, passe à l'ordre du jour. Prochaine séance, demain à trois heures. La séance est levée à 5 h. 55. En outre, la commission aura à examiner un contre-projet, dont on annonce la présentation par les antiproportionnalistes. ECHOS PARLEMENT AIRES AU LUXEMBOURG La commission des finances T c, Paris, 6 juin. Le Sénat a désigné, cet après-midi, les 27 memores de sa commission des finances chargée d examiner le budget de 1913. Ont été élus : MM. Aimond, Astier, Baudin, Boudenoot, Bienvenu-Martin, Bérard, Chau-temps, Couyba, Develle, d'Estournelles de constant, Dreyfus, Denoix, Doumer, Doumergue, Dupont, Gervais, Jeanneney, Lintilhac, Milhès-Lacroix, Peytral, Pichon, Antoine Perrier, Ratier, Ribot, Saint-Germain, Trouillot et rouron, soit quinze membres de la gauche démocratique, onze de l'Union républicaine, et un de la gauche républicaine. Les nouveaux commissaires, au nombre de dix, sont MM. Astier, Boudenoot, Couyba, Doumer Doumergue, Dreyfus, d'Estournelles de Constant, Lintilhac, Antoine Perrier et Trouillot. Ajoutons que M. Gauthier, ancien rapporteur général de la commission des finances, élu par acclamation dans le 3e bureau, a donné aussitôt sa démission, pour raisons de santé. La commission des finances, aussitôt élue, s est constituée. Ont été élus : président, M. Bienvenu-Martin; vice-présidents, MM Bérard. Peytral, Saint-Germain et Trouillot; secrétaires, MM. Astier, Couyba, F. Dreyfus, Gervais et Jeanneney. La commission a ensuite nommé M. Baudin rapporteur général, et réparti comme suit les rapports particuliers : affaires étrangères et protectorats, M. Stephen Pichon; agriculture, M. Develle; colonies, M. Gervais; commerce, M. Touron ; école centrale, M. Dupont ; finances, M. Saint-Germain; monnaies et médailles, M. Couyba; guerre, M. Milliès-Lacroix; poudres et salpêtres, M. Milliès-Lacroix ; instruction publique, M. Lintilhac; beaux-arts, M. Couyba; intérieur, M. Jeanneney; Algérie, M. Gaston Doumergue; justice, M. Antoine Perrier ; . ser-v-'ce pénitentiaire, M. Alex Bérard; imprimerie nationale, M. Saint-Germain; Légion d'honneur, M. Saint-Germain; marine, M. Chautemps; travail, M. Dreyfus; travaux publics, M. Aimond; chemins de fer de l'Etat, M. Astier; conventions et garanties, M. Astier; postes et caisse d'épargne, M. Dupont. VWWVW AU PALAIS-BOURBON Pour protéger l'industrie nationale Paris, 6 iuin. M. Braibant, député des Ardennes, vient de déposer, sur le bureau de la Ghamnre, un» proposition de loi tendant à faire profiter l'industrie nationale des capitaux que nous prêtons à l'étranger. Dorénavant, lorsque des emprunts étrangers destinés à des fournitures (armes, vaisseaux, canons, etc.), ou à des travaux publics seront contractés en France, trente pour cent au moins des capitaux empruntés devront être employés en commandes à l'industrie française. L'introduction sur le marché ne serait accordée qu'à cette condition. .■iWfc'S -frBst.il. I® I S LA REFORME ELECTORALE Paris, 6 juin. Le dépôt par le gouvernement, en vue de la seconde délibération ordonnée par la Chambre, d'un projet de loi nouveau sur la réforme électorale, soulève diverses questions de procédure parlementaire. En premier lieu, il s'agit de savoir s'il y a lieu de retirer, par décret, le projet primitif qui a servi de base aux délibérations que la Chambre a poursuivies jusqu'à mardi dernier. Ce projet primitif, en effet, émanait du cabinet Briand et, en vertu de la fiction de la continuité de l'existence ministérielle indépendante des personnes qui composent le cabinet, ce projet a conservé le caractère gouvernemental. Ce point de procédure est d'ailleurs secondaire. Qu'il faille ou non retirer, par décret, le projet primitif pour pouvoir en déposer un nouveau, le point essentiel est que le nouveau projet sera déposé. Par le seul fait que le cabinet va prendre cette initiative, il va déplacer la base du débat dans la commission et devant la Chambre. La commission du suffrage universel, une fois saisie du nouveau projet, va l'examiner, en faire l'objet d'un rapport, et c'est sur les nouvelles conclusions qu'elle lui soumettra que la Chambre engagera sa seconde délibération. Un délai de cinq jours francs doit séparer les deux délibérations de la Chambre. Dans le cas présent, ce délai expirera dimanche soir, mais il sera nécessairement dépassé, le nouveau projet ne devant être déposé que lundi ou mardi, et la commission, quelque diligence qu'elle apporte à l'examiner, devant prendre quelques jours pour accomplir son oeuvre et arrêter ses conclusions. Paris, 6 juin. Le rendement des impôts, pendant le mois de mai, accuse une plus value d'environ seize millions et demi par rapport aux évaluations budgétaires, et une moins value de treize millions un quart par rapport aux recouvrements de mai 1911. En réalité, il y a, comparativement à l'an dernier, une plus value générale, mais les droits de douanes ont fourni 23 millions et demi de moins qu'en mai 1911, époque à laquelle s'est faite d'importantes importations de blé. LA REPRESSION DES PRAD Jugement modifié en Cour d'appel Paris, 6 juin. La 9e chambre de la Cour d'appel vient de rendre un arrêt en matière de fraude intéressant le commerce des alcools pour avoir, sur des bouteilles d'eau-de-vie, collé des étiquettes imprimées en deux couleurs, en lettres d'or, les mots « eau-de-vie vieille, négociant à Charente » et, en lettres noires, le nom du négociant et le mot « cognac », de telle sorte qu'examinées à une certaine distance, le nom du négociant et le mot « cognac » apparaissaient seuls d'une manière nette. Le tribunal correctionnel de la Seine, voyant de ce fait une manoeuvre destinée à tromper les consommateurs sur la qualité du produit, avait condamné le négociant poursuivi à 9 ono francs d'amende, à 500 francs de domrm > -i-intérêts et à des insertions dans les journaux au profit du syndicat national de défense de la viticulture française. Aujourd'hui, après plaidoirie de Mes Dou-denne -et André Hesse, la Cour, estimant que, bien que toute l'étiquette dut être en caractères identiques, il n'y avait pas cependant infraction à la loi sur les fraudes, a débouté le syndicat sur sa demande en dommages-intérêts et a prononcé contre le négociant incriminé une condamnation à 50 francs d'amende pour simple contravention au règlement d'administration publique régissant la matière. Feuilleton de la " Dépêolie de Brest' (33) CHAPITRE XVII ft la recherche de I' " Africain " (SUITE) ' La première et, peut-être, la plus grande «es difficultés, était vaincue : Kara n'était, plus qu'à une centaine de mètres au-rnVT^fi ■ la tôte des intrépides sauveteurs qULr ai°Hl ra«saillir à l'improviste. ■ ii os aeroplBnes nouvaipnt tenter pareille aventure. puuvcueiii lemei D'un accord tacite, les équipa-es dn Com-inavdant-Lamy et de l'A/ricai^rLtent im mobile quelque tem / m restent m l'affût d'wa bruit, d'une rurneu e, a sent indiqué que la garnison était en éveil ^ Mais Tussauû se tranquillise vite, car, ^e *«t que la nuit, n'entend que le silence ! surpris8^ 3? du Cheikh el Qaci seraient Et vues d r sommel1-lignés de faîtl°nd du 'précipice, les deux i)lent monter vn nautes parais sem-entre elles un étroit V°u 3 i'autre' laissant d'étoiles. ruban de ciel parsemé CHAPITRE XVm Supplice de Jaunes Au moment où l'Africain ova^it effleurant presque SI ^gf^Sf nés d assaut pressées des Snoussïa Paul ifarael du haui de la nacelle avait Vu vï tomber, inerte, le bras que le capitaine Frisch, debout sur le parapet de la redoute, agitait en signe d'adieu, s Sous le choc du projectile, le commandant de l'avant-garde avait chancelé ; mais il s'était aussitôt redressé par un violent effort, et, adossé à la muraille de terre, son revolver à la main, il avait commencé de viser et d'abattre froidement, méthodiquement, les ennemis les plus proches. * Il n'avait plus à faire oeuvre de chef, à ordonner, à diriger le combat... La mêlée était furieuse ; on se battait partout, et, l'un après l'autre, ses camarades, ses soldats, Barka, son fidèle serviteur, s'écroulaient sous l'assaut de grappes sans cesse renouvelées de fanatiques acharnés, écu-niants... Frisch fait un pas en avant, d'instinct, répondant à l'appel de son nom poussé', près du dernier canon, par le sergent Man-çour expirant... Tout à coup, une sensation pénétrante de froid glacial, une douleur aiguë... et le capitaine tombe sur les genoux : d'un coup de sa lance barbelée, un jeune nègre, un enfant, qui avait escaladé le rempart à revers, lui a traversé la cuisse. Le mouvement qu'il a fait en avant a seul empêché l'officier d'être frappé dans le dos. Frisch se retourne avec effort et brûle la cervelle de l'agresseur... Il n'a plus qu'à vendra» sa vie le plus chèrement possible; et il essaie de recharger son arme, d'une seule main... Du tourbillon qui s'agite à ses pieds, des troncs qui s'étreignent dans des enlacements mortels, un murmure de voix s'élève s'élève lui : ce sont ses soldats noirs, ses vaillants Sénégalais, qui jettent leur adieu au vent du désert : — Allah, iqeddna ! Dieu nous aide I crient les uns. — Allah, iarh'emna t Dieu nous fasse miséricorde, exhalent les autres. La vision furtive d'un paysage familier, d'êtres chéris, voltige dans le cerveau du capitaine sans s'y poser... Il défaille... dix bras menaçants s'élèvent... — Adieu !... Mais un homme a bondi, écartant avec une force irrésistible, poignards, lances et fusils. Nhab'ho h'ayy ! Je le veux vivant ! L'officier français a déjà entendu cette voix ; il va reconnaître ce visage, mais ses forces l'abandonnent et il s'affaisse, sur les jarrets, défiant encore ses adversaires. La lueur fumeuse d'une torche éclaire le théâtre de ce drame : un chef barbare est là, au milieu du cercle des Snoussïa, maintenant respectueux et attentifs. Il contemple, avec un sourire de triomphe, le corps inerte du blessé à qui il vient d'éviter le coup suprême... Mais, avant de perdre connaissance, Frisch, en dépit de l'épaisse barbe noire qui encadre le visage, du capuchon qui, par-dessus la torsade du turban, est rabattu sur le front, a personnifié, dans un éclair, l'intelligence, la pénétration et la férocité du regard avidement fixé sur lui : il a reconnu Oswald Ruehlos, Cheikh el Qaçi, et, machinalement, comme dans un rêve, il tire, sans l'atteindre, la dernière balle de son revolver sur le déserteur de la Légion. — Je le veux vivant, avait répété l'ancien légionnaire. Dos hommes à demi-nus s'étaient mis en devoir de ligoter étroitement Frisch avec les cordes en poils de chameau roulées autour de leurs têtes. La brutalité de ces fauves arracha une plainte au capitaine, qui revint à lui : il lut, dans les yeux d'Oswald, une expression indéfinissable de haine, et ces paroles prononcées en français le firent tressaillir ; — J'aurai ta peau! Frisch se rappela que cette menace était inscrite sur le billet de p. p. c. laissé dans sa prison par le déserteur évadé; il essaya vainement d'articuler quelques sons, et s'évanouit de nouveau. Sur l'ordre du Renégat, une sorte de re-bouteur habile, réputé pour sorcier parmi ces primitifs, vint donner quelques soins au blessé : il nettoya les plaies, arrêta l'hémorragie et mit délicatement en place des emplâtres de simples. Après ce pansement, Frisch fut attaché derechef, mais avec plus de précautions, et placé, accroupi dans un tellis (1), sur le dos d'un méhari. La souffrance.intolérable qu'il ressentait à la cuisse le ranimait par instants... Il percevait, tout près de lui, des gémissements plaintifs; un moqaddem snoussi, la tête fendue par un coup de sabre, lui faisait contrepoids dans un sac, sur l'autre côté du bût, et poussait de sourdes plaintes à chaque réaction de la monture. Tel le fantôme de la ballade du Roi des Aulnes, le Cheikh el Qaçi galopait de conserve avec le méhari, surveillant attentivement sa proie. Frisch était dévoré par une fièvre ardente; le délire s'emparait de lui par intervalles, et, alors, il suppliait qu'on lui donnât à boire : un de ses gardiens s'approchait et versait entre ses lèvres dessé-' ©liées un mélange d'eau tiède et de lait de chamelle fermenté qui procurait à l'infortuné un court bien-être-Dans bien-être-Dans moments de lucidité, et quelle que fût l'horreur de sa situation, Frisch était frappé de l'attitude en quelque sorte disciplinée de son escorte : son étonne-ment redoublait au spectacle de la vénération dont paraissait entourée la personne du renégat. Il eut la clé du mystère, le soir de la première étape de son douloureux calvaire, lorsqu'il vit avec quelle intelligence entendue le cheikh donnait lui-même des soins aux blessés qui affluaient de toutes parts. (1) Sao en laine et en poil de chameau qui sert au transport des denrées, des caisses, etc. Le rebouteur, son auxiliaire, son médium, avait déployé une pharmacie portative très complète, et lui, Ruehlos, avec une dextérité prouvant qu'il avait fait certaines études médicales, extrayait des balles, opérait des sutures, sectionnait même des lambeaux de chair. Et il taillait, recousait, pansail,, sans qu'un soupir, une contraction, trahissent la souffrance des fatalistes qui avaient recours à lui; ils s'adonnaient à sa science, parce qu'elle était auréolée du prestige religieux dont sont entourés, dans le monde musulman, les disciples modernes de Sli-man, Ahou Rouïs, Abou Oéna..., Salomon Avérées, Avicene, pères de la médecine arabe. L'autorité du Cheikh el Qaçi procédait aussi de la terreur qu'il inspirait autour de lui. Ne l'avait-on pas vu, le lendemain du départ, faire voler d'un seul coup de son large cimeterre la tête d'un nègre qui avait dérobé une bouteille de tafia dans le camp français, et s'était enivré? « Cet homme, disaient les Snoussïa, est vraiment le bras de Dieu! » Dans ses alternatives d'hallucinations, de veille fiévreuse et de sommeil oppressé, Frisch avait entendu nommer le Caïd Hel-lal...; un grand vieillard dont la mule soutenait à un amble allongé, le trot du coursier « h'orr », de pur sang, que montait Oswald... • 'Le père d'Ourida devait être,, pendant quelques jours, l'hôte du renégat dans son couvent-forteresse. Devant la puissance grandissante et le prestige de ce dernier, il avait décidément oublié le passé. Enfin, après deux longues journées de torture, Frisch approchait du terme de son lamentable voyage. lAux premières heures de la troisième nuit qui s'était écoulée depuis le désastre, le « ghezzou " s'engagea sur une piste fréquentée; à l'-aube, il atteignait les premières pentes d'un vaste plateau. Excités par les claquements de langue et les cris gutturaux de leurs conducteurs, les méhara donnèrent ce dernier coup de collier tout d'une traite. LA VENTE DE LHÛLLBCTION DOUCET Paris, 6 juin. Cet après-midi, à la vente Doucet, VIvresse du Baiser, de Clodion, sur une estimation de 120.000 francs, a été poussée à 205.000 francs par le baron Henri de Rotschild. L'Ivresse du Vin, par Clodion, a été payée 110.000 francs. Deux jeunes femmes soutenant une sphère, de Clodion, 137.000 francs. L'Innocence, de Clodion. également, 130.G00 francs. Dans la série des Houdon, le buste de Sabine Houdon, estimé 120.000 francs, a été adjugé à 450.000 francs. Une construction massive, dominée par unhaut minaret, apparut, soudainement, dans la blancheur de l'aurore. Moitié couvent, moitié forteresse, la Zaouïa-eç-Cedaguia, autrefois réputée dans tout le Kordofan et le Darfour, pour la pureté de son enseignement et la charité inépuisable de ses Cheikhs, avait vu, au souffle de la guerre sainte proclamée par les madhistes, les derviches et les Snoussïa, se disperser, aux quatre vents, ses « tolba » et leurs disciples. L' « Ecole bienfaisante » était devenue la « Citadelle du Prophète » — Oebaâ en Nebi — arsenal et repaire de fanatiques et de leur chef redouté, Cheikh el Qaçi, le Renégat. Les bâtiments, uniformément larges de 20 mètres environ, avaient six mètres de hauteur du côté du ravin, ils en atteignaient dix du côté du plateau. Ils présentaient, dans leur ensemble, la forme d'un carré parfait de plus de 100 mètres de côté; la terrasse qui les recouvrait d'un bout à l'autre était bondée d'un parapet crénelé constitué par un double mur parallèle formant gaine étroite et muni de gradins de fusillade. La muraille d'enceinte, toute blanche, ne présentait d'autres ouvertures à l'extérieur qu'une ligne de meurtrières rapprochées et une large baie, dans la face ouest. Aux sommets de la diagonale parallèle au ravin, deux petites caponnières, judicieusement disposées, flanquaient le pied des murailles, tandis que la çourmaâ du haut minaret, qui ne retentissait plus des appels du muezzin, servait d'observatoire et de sémaphore. Par l'unique porte apparente de la forteresse, on débouchait dans une immense cour dallée, sur laquelle s'ouvraient un nombre considérable de petits réduits, magasins, logements ou cachots... Du côté du précipice, à peine visible de l'extérieur, une poterne basse découpait son ogive dans l'épaisseur do la muraille : elle donnait accès au sentier, à l'escalier plutôt, qui, taillé dans le roc au siècle précédent, aboutissait, 100 mètres plus bas, au ruisseau d'Aïn Draham, de « la source d'argent ». AU MAROC Le départ du sultan et de M. Eegnault ' Fez, 6 juin (par T. S P viâ Le sultan et rambassaadpnr.ancaî' ' heures du matin^ve^^ un^forT^^V 8 a *** Agitation dans le Gharb Fe^oS^^ bus des momaene, Pt ntPian?re Papmi les Imitation dans°KsOTlts Pr°JU^ent que,1(ïue attribuent le piusP mauv^L°frt,?0UnVelIes nou 3 que Fez aurait été rô!,e> 0n annonce que nos troupes refoulé ^nles Bfbères et bandade vers Rabat ' retournent à la dé-Les dé-Les des askris la^vXïïe11dug|neiou?nnemiS ^ S^é ** LES CONGRÈS Association fraternelle des employés et ouvriers des chemins de fer dese,Cm°nf èf an?uel de l'Associ?ti?n'fr6atjernnelle des employés et ouvriers des chemins riP fin w ™^PJp 1' sous la présidence de M. Fara-P^ls^lSban!'t L%mR0USSi* d« IfTontrAf' 1' 1 °°ntrôle admtaistrati? nrwhain n^âtUr6Ha.S6s travaux samedi P. ,?CA.^' ?,ar un Srand banquet qui aura lien à l'hôtel. Continental, sous la présidence de fsS£â7^nL?T°àré' pr?ident du Conseil! ment. PIusieurs membres du gouverne-L8S gouverne-L8S des douanes ceLmtZSri! dn 'Vfimtl de,s d0™ absoute-, npr^nn?i a ^uestl0rî, de la représentation d» personnel aux conseils régionaux et au conseil supérieur. Actuellement, les délégués de I i4v.rf;.C°^r?SSI,stes Mandent qu'ils soient, S /e,s,Igné.?. Par. voie d'élection libre vwFoS 1 de î amel,10ration du sort des femmes visiteuses, qm sont prises parmi les veuves d agents des douanes, les congressistes réclament un relèvement de salaire de 200 francs ce qui porterait à 700 francs le ' traitement annuel de ces fonctionnaires. Le congrès discute ensuite un rapport de M. Hulier, de Nantes, sur le remaniement des statuts de la Fédération douanière. Le rapporteur préconise la constitution, dans chaque direction, d'une commission arbitrale chargée de trancher les différends nés entre les membres des trois Associations fédérées étant entendu que ces dernières s'interdisent le droit de se critiquer par voie de la presse. Le rapport est adopté, ainsi que les modifications apportées aux statuts de la Fédération. Les classes moyennes t Paris,, 6 juin. Quatre cents convives se sont trouvés réunis au banquet de clôture du congrès de l'Association des classes moyennes, que présidait M. Bérard, sous-secrétaire d'Etat aux Beaux-Arts. ■M. Maurice Corlat, président de l'Association, après avoir remercié M. Léon Bérard de sa présence, a indiqué que les métiers représentés ici au banquet ressortissaient au ministère des Beaux-Arts, car, a-t-il dit au ministre : « En venant à ce banquet, vous ne dérobez rien à personne, seulement vous abaissez cette fâcheuse barrière qu'un violent snobisme a laissée entre l'artiste et l'artisan, au mépris de leur commune origine. « Dans les petits commerçants, dans les petits industriels de la ville et de la campagne, qui sont ici représentés, vous pourrez saluer tout à l'heure des créateurs et des distributeurs de richesse, mais aussi des créateurs et des distributeurs de beauté. C'est l'erreur des esprits simples, de croire que tout l'art se trouve enfermé dans les musées ou les expositions de peinture et de sculpture. Ces tapis, ces dentelles, ces jouets et écharpes, ces meubles, ces fers forgés, ces vêtements que vous avez vus rassemblés, comment se refuser à les ranger dans la catégorie de l'art ? » Dans sa réponse, M. Léon Bérard montre l'union étroite des intérêts de l'art et de ceux de l'industrie. Le sous^secrétaire d'Etat ajoute : <> Nous ne pourrons, retrouver ou maintenir le prestige traditionnel de nos industries d'art que par la réorganisation de l'apprentissage. Le problème est de première importance, par les grands intérêts nationaux qui s'y trouvent engagés. Il est indispensable que les collectivités intéressées, Chambres de commerce et syndicats professionnels, collaborent, avec les pouvoirs publics, à sa solution ». Fédération nationale des syndicats maritimes Paris, 6 join. Les délégués de la Fédération nationale des syndicats maritimes, réunis en comité national, à la Bourse du travail, ont adopté un ordre du jour protestant contre la refonte du décret disciplinaire et pénal, « qui est surtout étudiée en vue, non pas de faire rentrer les inscrits A droite de l'entrée, dans la cour, plusieurs citernes dont l'orifice était recouvert de plateaux de bois, montraient leurs margelles 11 ées par le frottement des cordes ; au deiiors, sur la déclivité Nord du terrain, battue par le feu de la terrasse, une enceinte, close d'un mur de 2 mètres de hauteur, constituait le parc des chameaux porteurs, des méhara et des chevaux... A l'Ouest, un village'arabe dont les pre-rtfi."és maisons s'adossaient au rempart. Telle était la geôle qui attendait le prisonnier du Cheikh Cruel. A l'approche de la petite troupe, l'étendard vert avait été hissé sur le minaret, et les deux battants de la porte s'étaient ouverts. Le repaire était presque désert : dix ou quinze bandits seulement étaient restés à sa garde, comme c'était la coutume lorsqu'une expédition, un coup de main, exigeait la mise en oeuvre du maximum de forces. Aucune surprise, d'ailleurs, n'était à redouter, au milieu de ces solitudes désolées, domaine incontesté des Snoussïa, dans lequel nulle caravane, nulle troupe européenne ou dissidente, n'avait jamais osé pénétrer. Sur le cri bref « krrr » de son « sok-tiar », le méhari porteur de Frisch et du moqaddem , s'était agenouillé en trois temps... saccadés. Des hommes s'approchèrent, délièrent l'officier, tandis que d'autres s'empressaient autour de son compagnon de voyage agonisant. Frisch, meurtri par ses liens, engourdi par son immobilité prolongée dans une posture incommode, et secoué par un tremblement fébrile, ne réussit pas à se mettre debout sur ses jambes. Il serait tombé si un Soudanais gigantesque ne l'eût soutenu, puis enlevé dans ses bras puissants, et transporté, comme un enfant, à l'intérieur de la forteresse. Ali ben Salah — ainsi s'appelait le géant — obéissait, sans doute, à des instructions précises, car il se dirigea sans hésiter vera la dernière cellule de la face Sud. (A «uivre.l Capitaine DANRnv LA lDQÉ»aOEïOÉEEï' dans le droit commun, mais bien pour restreindre et supprimer, si possible, le droit de grève aux navigateurs ». Les délégués déclarent qu'ils ne subiront pas des décrets dictés par le comité central des armateurs de France et adoptés par les armateurs eux-mêmes, et par les ennemis des, marins. g f S? Retour du docteur Legeodre 'ans Paris, 6 juin. Le docteur Legendre qui, avec le capitaine Noiret et le lieutenant Dessirier, partit de France le 12 septembre 1911 pour aller explorer en Chine les provinces du Yunnan et du Se-Tohouen, est rentré mercredi à Paris. Mme Legendre raccompagnait. Il a été salué à sa descente du train par le général Lebon, ancien commandant du 1er corps d'armée, vice-président de la Société de géographie, et par ses anciens compagnons, le capitaine Noiret et le lieutenant Dessirier. Le général Lebon a exprimé au docteur Le: gendre tout le plaisir qu'il ressentait de lui serrer la main après avoir éprouvé tant d angoisses. . .„ « Pendant dix longs jours, a-t-il dit, nous vous avons cru perdu ! Aujourd hui, la joie de sa Société de géographie est celle d'une mère qui retrouve vivant un flls qu'elle a cru mort. C'est une joie intense à laquelle se mêle le frisson d'émotion de la douleur passée I Nous sommes heureux d'avoir avec nous, fêtant votre retour, vos deux vaillants collaborateurs, rentrés précédemment : le capitaine Noiret et ile lieutenant Dessirier, grièvement blessé. » Etat-major général Paris, 6 juin. "Le général de division Clément de Grand-prey, membre du comité technique du génie, a été nommé, tout en conservant ses fonctions actuelles, membre de la commission mixte des travaux publics. Le général de division Delarue, commandant le génie du gouvernement militaire de Paris, membre du comité technique du génie et président de la commission consultative de télégraphie militaire, a été nommé, tout en conservant ses fonctions actuelles, inspecteur, pour 1912, des troupes du génie autres que le génie de place, de chemins de fer et les télégraphistes. Intendance L'intendant militaire Arbinet, disponible, a été placé, sur sa demande, par anticipation, pour convenances personnelles, dans la 2e section, réserve, du cadre des intendants militaires. Ecole de Saumur Liste des sous-officiers admis, à la suite des épreuves écrites de 1912, à prendre part aux épreuves orales d'admission à l'école d'application de cavalerie à Saumur : 11e corps d'armée : 3e dragons : Beaufreton, maréchal des logis; Daviet et Delahaye, maré chaux des logis fourriers; Guillet, de la Brosse Homberg et Landron, maréchaux des logis ; Rouxel, maréchal des logis fourrier; 2e chasseurs : Le Pavec, maréchal des logis. Les examens oraux commenceront le 17 juin par le centre de Versailles et se poursuivront dans l'ordre des centres ci-après ' : Poitiers, Niort, Toulouse, Montauban, Nîmes, Tarascon Valence, Chalons, à des dates qui seront ultérieurement fixées. Les officiers de réserve peuvent Y demander à servir au Éaroc Les officiers de réserve des troupes métropolitaines des catégories suivantes : Lieutenants et sous-lieutenants de toutes armes, médecins-majors de 2° classe et méde-Îins méde-Îins de i™ et de 2e classe, ad-oints et attachés de 1" et de 2e classe à l'in-endance militaire, désireux de servir dans les troupes métropolitaines détachées au Maroc, pourront formuler des demandes auquelles il sera donné satisfaction dans la mesure des besoins. Les intéressés devront présenter les aptitudes physiques nécessaires et s'engager à rester dans le service actif au moins un an, à dater du jour du débarquement, hors le cas de maladie dûment constatée. Ils auront droit aux mêmes indemnités d'entrée en campagne et allocations de solde que les officiers des grades correspondants du cadre actif. Les demandes devront être adressées par la voie hiérarchique au ministre de la Guerre, appuyées d'un certificat médical délivré par un médecin militaire. REJETS DE POURVOIS Paris, 6 juin. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'bpt6k338391x_1', 'collection': 'French-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1912.0', 'title': 'La Dépêche de Brest : journal politique et maritime ["puis" journal de l\'Union républicaine "puis" journal républicain quotidien "puis" quotidien républicain du matin]...', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7812', 'token_count': '12802', '__index_level_0__': '32137', 'original_id': '28e759f9d2bc0d7c7708737dc227d597af836f97fc51f22cf401f837b6acb0e3'} |
\section{Every Pseudoprime Element is Prime implies Lattice is Arithmetic}
Tags: Prime Elements, Continuous Lattices
\begin{theorem}
Let $L = \left({S, \vee, \wedge, \preceq}\right)$ be a bounded below algebraic distributive lattice.
Assume that
:for every element $p$ of $S$ if $p$ is pseudoprime element, then $p$ is prime element.
Then $L$ is arithmetic.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
By If Every Element Pseudoprime is Prime then Way Below Relation is Multiplicative:
:$\ll$ is a multiplicative relation.
where $\ll$ denotes the way below relation.
Thus by Arithmetic iff Way Below Relation is Multiplicative in Algebraic Lattice:
:the result holds.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '82b43c8db096a813bb2d9444023b0a70e84ab933bd5ce70f3ddaab205535bd69'} |
Basic Editing Workflow and Bots
Both human editors and bots should have edits go through the same API, with humans using either the default web interface, client software, or third-party integrations.
The normal workflow is to create edits (or updates, merges, deletions) on individual entities. Individual changes are bundled into an "edit group" of related edits (eg, correcting authorship info for multiple works related to a single author). When ready, the editor "submits" the edit group for review. During the review period, human editors vote and bots can perform automated checks. During this period the editor can make tweaks if necessary. After some fixed time period (one week?) with no changes and no blocking issues, the edit group would be accepted if no merge conflicts have be created by other edits to the same entities. This process balances editing labor (reviews are easy, but optional) against quality (cool-down period makes it easier to detect and prevent spam or out-of-control bots). More sophisticated roles and permissions could allow some certain humans and bots to push through edits more rapidly (eg, importing new works from a publisher API).
Data provenance and source references are captured in the edit metadata, instead of being encoded in the entity data model itself. In the case of importing external databases, the expectation is that special-purpose bot accounts are be used, and tag timestamps and external identifiers in the edit metadata. Human editors can leave edit messages to clarify their sources.
A style guide and discussion forum are intended to be be hosted as separate stand-alone services for editors to propose projects and debate process or scope changes. These services should have unified accounts and logins (OAuth?) for consistent account IDs across all services. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '235', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8986529111862183}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '14307', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DRFGR5IPTO46ADMETMY6D2B4KT7AAUJQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:02894226-0193-4f90-93fb-3567bef22ea8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 16, 2, 58, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.241.225.168', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PC5BB5JDBO45DUXEU2XFI7POX75QL7XV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b935159a-04f4-44d2-a5ab-c302aac91388>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://guide.fatcat.wiki/workflow.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9cb9ceff-7a5e-4194-af5c-7400f7491f44>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '309', 'url': 'https://guide.fatcat.wiki/workflow.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-123-210-107.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026976287364959717', 'original_id': 'ddb64678297601441f615aec648557788b8be9dec99d55cbd0af855c426b1351'} |
Q:
Struts2: test equality of to a variable from action
I am trying to test:
<s:if test="%{selectedLanguage == <s:property/>}">
Where selectedLanguage comes from the action, and s:property is the current object.
In a iterator like this:
<s:iterator value="languages">
<s:if test="%{selectedLanguage == <s:property/>}">
<option id="<s:property/>" selected><s:property/></option>
</s:if>
<s:else>
<option id="<s:property/>"><s:property/></option>
</s:else>
</s:iterator>
Obviously,it doesnt work. How can I solve?
A:
Without fixing things, just use the var attribute to give the object of iteration a name:
<s:iterator value="languages" var="language">
<s:if test="%{selectedLanguage == #language}">
<option id="<s:property/>" selected><s:property/></option>
</s:if>
<s:else>
<option id="<s:property/>"><s:property/></option>
</s:else>
</s:iterator>
You could also just use #top to get the top of the stack, but I think naming it is more communicative.
I'd recommend setting a selected attribute based on #language or just use the select tag.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'deedd6d9d7973b9e03e1b255a5a772a7438eb1a08604a2ef82cc0b7c4b45bddb'} |
# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.3 2015/02/06 08:28:04 schwarze Exp $
REGRESS_TARGETS = args
LINT_TARGETS = args
.include <bsd.regress.mk>
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/zigalenarcic/mangl/blob/master/mandoc/regress/roff/br/Makefile', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'BSD-3-Clause, LicenseRef-scancode-other-permissive, ISC, BSD-2-Clause', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'mangl', 'creator': 'zigalenarcic', 'language': 'Makefile', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '17', 'token_count': '64', '__index_level_0__': '42452', 'original_id': '14765685d4e5cb1d88ed4504d46341c8544015cef3583c3c6c039a069649e5e1'} |
<div>
<div class="kit__utils__heading">
<h5>
<span class="mr-3">Tabbed Cards</span>
<a href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.3/components/card/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"
class="btn btn-sm btn-light">
Official Documentation
<i class="fe fe-corner-right-up"></i>
</a>
</h5>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-12">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header card-header-flex">
<div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center mr-auto">
<h5 class="mb-0">Basic</h5>
</div>
<nz-tabset class="kit-tabs" [nzSelectedIndex]="0">
<nz-tab nzTitle="History"></nz-tab>
<nz-tab nzTitle="Information"></nz-tab>
<nz-tab nzTitle="Actions"></nz-tab>
</nz-tabset>
</div>
<div class="card-body">
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem
Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an
unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic
typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header card-header-flex">
<div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center mr-auto">
<h5 class="mb-0">With Dropdown</h5>
</div>
<nz-tabset class="kit-tabs" [nzSelectedIndex]="0">
<nz-tab nzTitle="Messages"></nz-tab>
</nz-tabset>
<div class="d-inline-flex align-items-center">
<a nz-dropdown [nzDropdownMenu]="menu" nzTrigger="click" nzPlacement="bottomRight"
class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="javascript:;">
Dropdown
</a>
<nz-dropdown-menu #menu="nzDropdownMenu">
<ul nz-menu>
<li nz-menu-item><a href="javascript:;">Action</a></li>
<li nz-menu-item><a href="javascript:;">Another action</a></li>
<li nz-menu-item><a href="javascript:;">Something else here</a></li>
<li nz-menu-divider></li>
<li nz-menu-item><a href="javascript:;">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</nz-dropdown-menu>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card-body">
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem
Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an
unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic
typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header card-header-flex">
<div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-center mr-auto">
<h5 class="mb-0">Bold Border</h5>
</div>
<nz-tabset class="kit-tabs-bold" [nzSelectedIndex]="0">
<nz-tab nzTitle="History"></nz-tab>
<nz-tab nzTitle="Information"></nz-tab>
</nz-tabset>
<div class="d-inline-flex align-items-center">
<a nz-dropdown [nzDropdownMenu]="menu" nzTrigger="click" nzPlacement="bottomRight"
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It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic
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Many students take out loans during their studies, only to realize it's not so easy to pay back that money after the fact. The U.S. Federal Reserve reports that the average monthly student loan payment is $393 (not including borrowers whose payments are in deferment). That's a lot of money to fork over on a regular basis, and it partly explains why such a large number of borrowers have already failed to keep up with their student loan payments.
As of early 2019, there are 5.2 million borrowers in default on their federal student loans, according to our Student Loan Debt Statistics for 2019. And those same borrowers face a host of consequences as a result.
The trouble with defaulting
Federal student loans are considered to be in default once a borrower goes 270 days without making a payment. But as soon as you reach default status, you face a host of unsavory repercussions. For one thing, your credit score is pretty much guaranteed to tank. That's a problem if you want to borrow money in the form of a personal loan, auto loan, or credit card. And, in some industries, poor credit can actually prevent you from getting a job.
But credit score implications aside, defaulting on student loans can also result in a scenario where some of your wages are garnished. And needless to say, if you're already struggling financially, that'll only make your situation worse. As such, it pays to do everything in your power to avoid defaulting on your student loans -- because your finances can't afford that kind of hit.
Avoiding default
The good thing about federal student loans is that they come with a number of borrower protections designed to help you avoid that dreaded default scenario. First, if you're spending a large chunk of your income on loan payments and can no longer afford to keep doing so, you can apply for an income-driven repayment plan. Under one of these plans, your monthly loan payments will be recalculated based on a reasonable percentage of your income -- and for the most part, that percentage is capped at 10%.
Another thing you can do if you've fallen behind on your loans, or are at risk of falling behind, is to reach out to your loan servicer and see if it's possible to hit the pause button on your payments. You have two options in this regard -- forbearance and deferment. With the former, interest continues to accrue on your student loans during the period in which you're not making payments. With the latter, you don't accrue interest. To qualify for either option, however, you'll need to demonstrate a legitimate financial hardship, such as being unemployed. As such, you might have better luck getting on an income-driven repayment plan.
Keep in mind that forbearance and deferment are only on the table if you haven’t defaulted on your debt. Once you reach default status, you lose these protections.
It's unfortunate that more than 5 million federal loan borrowers have defaulted on their student debt, but you don't need to join their ranks. Do your best to manage your loans by staying on a tight budget, and pursue the above remedies if you start to fall behind on your payments.
Remember, default doesn't kick in right away, so if you miss a loan payment or two, there's plenty of opportunity to recover before your finances truly take a long-term turn for the worse. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'af48adafd1f70556b796c78baed8254877f42ee815b972df9b166c15a983eac2'} |
Q:
Phonetically Memorable Password Generation Algorithms
Background
While at the Gym the other day, I was working with my combination lock, and realized something that would be useful to me as a programmer. To wit, my combination is three seperate sets of numbers that either sound alike, or have some other relation that makes them easy to remember. For instance, 5-15-25, 7-17-2, 6-24-5. These examples seem easy to remember.
Question
How would I implement something similar for passwords? Yes, they ought to be hard to crack, but they also should be easy for the end user to remember. Combination Locks do that with a mix of numbers that have similar sounds, and with numbers that have similar properties (7-17-23: All Prime, 17 rolls right off the tongue after 7, and 23 is another prime, and is (out of that set), the 'hard' one to remember).
Criteria
The Password should be easy to remember. Dog!Wolf is easy to remember, but once an attacker knows that your website gives out that combination, it makes it infinitely easier to check.
The words or letters should mostly follow the same sounds (for the most part).
At least 8 letters
Not use !@#$%^&*();'{}_+<>?,./ These punctuation marks, while appropriate for 'hard' passwords, do not have an 'easy to remember' sound.
Resources
This question is language-agnostic, but if there's a specific implementation for C#, I'd be glad to hear of it.
Update
A few users have said that 'this is bad password security'. Don't assume that this is for a website. This could just be for me to make an application for myself that generates passwords according to these rules. Here's an example.
The letters
A-C-C-L-I-M-O-P 'flow', and they happen to be two
regular words put together
(Acclimate and Mop). Further,
when a user says these letters, or
says them as a word, it's an actual
word for them. Easy to remember, but
hard to crack (dictionary attack,
obviously).
This question has a two-part goal:
Construct Passwords from letters that sound similar (using alliteration) or
Construct Passwords that mesh common words similarly to produce a third set of letters that is not in a dictionary.
A:
You might want to look at:
The pronouncable password generation algorithm used by apg and explained in FIPS-181
Koremutake
A:
First of all make sure the password is long. Consider using a "pass-phrase" instead of a single "pass-word". Breaking pass-phrases like "Dogs and wolves hate each other." is very hard yet they are quite easy to remember.
Some sites may also give you an advice which may be helpful, like Strong passwords: How to create and use them (linked from Password checker, which is a useful tool on its own).
Also, instead of trying to create easy to remember password, in some cases a much better alternative is to avoid remembering the password at all by using (and educating your users to use) a good password management utility (see What is your favourite password storage tool?) - when doing this, the only part left is to create a hard to crack password, which is easy (any long enough random sentence will do).
A:
I am surprised no one has mentioned the Multics algorithm described at http://www.multicians.org/thvv/gpw.html , which is similar to the FIPS algorithm but based on trigraphs rather than digraphs. It produces output such as
ahmouryleg
thasylecta
tronicatic
terstabble
I have ported the code to python as well: http://pastebin.com/f6a10de7b
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ec28afaf253ad229e62fb1594de50bc9b0bb3a5e91917329c10f724a7c57eb80'} |
Apple, Google say users to control virus ‘tracing’ tool © 2020 AFP
The digital 'tracing' technology being developed jointly by Apple and Google to monitor contacts with infected individuals would
The digital ‘tracing’ technology being developed jointly by Apple and Google to monitor contacts with infected individuals would allow smartphone users to control their data, despite demands from some governments seeking to create databases
Apple and Google said Friday their coronavirus “contact tracing” technology would enable smartphone users to control their own data, and that the system would likely be shut down after the pandemic ends.
The US technology giants, engaged in an unprecedented collaboration to allow smartphones to communicate across their respective platforms, released new technical details of their program highlighting privacy protections in the initiative.
“Each user will have to make an explicit choice to turn on the technology. It can also be turned off by the user at any time,” according to a document released by the Silicon Valley firms.
The announcement comes with health agencies around the world scrambling to develop apps that use the wireless Bluetooth technology in smartphones to help track the spread of the disease by detecting when someone has been in proximity to an infected person.
The underlying technology being developed by Google and Apple, expected in early May, has rankled some officials in Europe seeking central control of the tracing data.
The Apple-Google document said public health authorities would have access to the technology but that any apps “must meet specific criteria around privacy, security, and data control.”
The companies added that “exposure notification data will be stored and processed on device,” rather than on government servers.
That means authorities would be able to access “beacons” provided by users confirmed as positive for the virus, only if they have opted in to sharing them.
The news from Google and Apple comes amid heightened debate over digital “contact tracing” and its privacy implications.
While experts say this of alert system may help slow the spread of the disease by informing people when they have crossed paths with an infected individual, privacy activists have warned against establishing databases which could be used for surveillance, even after the pandemic.
The two firms suggested this system is likely to be turned off when the pandemic eases, to allay concerns over surveillance and privacy.
“Google and Apple can disable the exposure notification system on a regional basis when it is no longer needed,” their document said.
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Early results show newcomers win Slovenia vote
AP News
Posted: Jul 13, 2014 3:44 PM
Early results show newcomers win Slovenia vote
LJUBLJANA, Slovenia (AP) — A party led by a political newcomer better known as the son of Slovenia's famous Olympic medalist won the most votes Sunday in the second early election in three years, according to preliminary returns. The outcome meant potentially more uncertainty for a small eurozone nation struggling to pull out of an economic downturn.
Miro Cerar Party — named after its leader — won 34.7 percent of the ballot, while the opposition conservatives of former prime minister Janez Jansa were trailing with 20.6 percent, election authorities said after counting some 95 percent of the ballots.
If confirmed, the result means Cerar will likely be the next prime minister, but will have to form a coalition government with smaller parties. The 50-year-old law expert, son of Slovenia's double Olympic medalist gymnast Miroslav Cerar, founded his party in June but it swiftly gained popularity because of his untainted public record.
Cerar said victory entailed "great responsibility."
"The result is good," he said. "It shows that people have chosen commitment to a different political culture that will not be divisive."
The poll showed the Pensioners Party with 10 percent, followed by the Social Democrats with 6 percent. A new leftist group, United Left, made it into Parliament with 6 percent. The party of outgoing Prime Minister Alenka Bratusek won 4.4 percent.
Sunday's balloting was forced when Bratusek resigned in May after losing a power struggle within her own political party.
Cerar has ruled out the possibility of a coalition with the second-placed Slovene Democratic Party, whose leader Jansa was jailed last month for two years in a bribery case involving an arms deal.
Jansa has sought to portray himself as the victim of left-leaning political opponents; he said on his Twitter account that he was not granted a brief prison leave to vote.
His party questioned the legitimacy of Sunday's vote.
"The elections were not fair because the leader of our party, Janez Jansa, did not participate during pre-election campaign due to imprisonment," said party official Zvonko Cernar.
Cerar has opposed the privatization of some of Slovenia's state-run companies, which is part of an EU-backed anti-crisis package. The outgoing government froze the process of selling Slovenia's main airport and Telekom Slovenia until a new Cabinet is formed.
Slovenia plunged into financial turmoil during the eurozone debt crisis. Once the most prosperous of the eastern European countries, the Alpine nation has narrowly avoided international bailout.
During just over a year in office, Bratusek's center-left government stabilized Slovenia's ailing banks at the center of the crisis. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '17', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9693196415901184}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '61991', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XUN7HEF5DCJU7WJL6XDVNYPZP5252GRQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a566fc69-3558-4c2e-863b-f600bfb8b598>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 1, 3, 55, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.20.26.59', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QOC6XHYMZIXZ7I4GHC43WAYQJOSMNMF4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:edb9664b-89c6-42b5-bf38-fdca460e0c5d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://townhall.com/news/politics-elections/2014/07/13/slovenia-votes-in-early-election-amid-instability-n1861657', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2325695e-5aab-454b-bda2-bd45ee3fe553>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '438', 'url': 'http://townhall.com/news/politics-elections/2014/07/13/slovenia-votes-in-early-election-amid-instability-n1861657', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01880359649658203', 'original_id': '95e9cda8e07958ce6c64b2eb24a185fb02f637ab8e435e81263357b309913449'} |
Qass. Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT Anesthesia and Anesthetics GENERAL AND LOCAL FOR PRACTITIONERS AND STUDENTS OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY BY JOSEPH M. PATTON, M. D. Professor of Physical Diagnosis and General Anaesthesia in the College of Dentistry of the University of Illinois; Professor of Diseases of the Chest in - the Chicago Policlinic; Associate Professor of Medicine in the Medical Department of the University of Illinois Illustrated » y ► > • *t j * » CHICAGO CLEVELAND PRESS 1903 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Two Copies Received SEP 12 190? Copyright Entry CLASS 4> XXc. No COPY B. Copyright 1903 BY THE CLEVELAND PRESS CHICAGO PREFACE. This book is not intended as a treatise on anaesthesia, or anaes- thetics, its limitations being too pronounced. Neither has it any- thing original to set forth. Its production was impelled rather from the want of a work on this subject sufficiently concise to fit the opportunities of the average student or busy practitioner, yet complete enough to afford a fair and impartial resume of our present knowledge of this important subject. The rather extensive literature of the past decade on the sub- ject of anaesthesia attests a growing realization of the importance of more accurate knowledge of anaesthetics and their administra- tion. The growing tendency to relegate the administration of anaesthetics to those who are more or less expert in their admin- istration is even now extending beyond hospital service and into private practice, and the necessity in our medical colleges of both instruction and practice in the administration of anaesthetics is being recognized. Instead of regarding the anaesthetist as the least important factor in the successful outcome of a surgical pro- cedure, it is understood that in some instances, at least, his may be a responsibility equal to, if not greater than, that of the opera- tor himself. In other words, many of the accidents and complica- tions of, and sequences to, the administration of anaesthetics may be avoided by intelligent and skillful administration. Credit is given in the text to those whose authority has been abstracted. It remains only for the author to acknowledge the courtesy of Dr. Elgin MaWhinny, of the Northwestern Dental School, who has written the chapter on Local Anaesthetics in Den- tistry ; and that of Dr. L. L. Skelton, professor of physiology in the Chicago College of Dentistry, for revising and offering sug- gestions to the chapter on the physiology of anaesthesia. J. M. P. February, 1903. CONTENTS, PART I. GENERAL ANAESTHESIA AND ANESTHETICS. CHAPTER I. Historical. — Origin of term Anaesthesia — Ancient beliefs, in- vestigations and writers — Volatile narcotics — Methods of early part of seventeenth century — Hypnotism — Use of gases leading to discovery of anaesthesia — Humphrey Davy — Faraday and ether — Hubbard and nitrous oxide — Dr. Long — Wells — Jackson and Morton — Guthrie and chloroform — Simpson and chloroform — Investigations of chloroform — Colton and gas-controversies — Work of Clover — "Glasgow Committee" — Hyderabad commission — Later investigations. CHAPTER TI. General Physiology. — Nature of general anaesthesia — Char- acter of agent — Entrance into organism — Absorption — Elimina- tion — Dyspnoea — Blood changes — Effect on nervous system, on respiration, on muscular system, on heart — Stages of anaesthesia. CHAPTER III. The Selection of a General Anesthetic with Refer- ence to the Comparative Danger of the Agent Employed. — Development of practical knowledge regarding administration — Nitrous oxide — Oxygen — Chloroform — Ether — Comparative sta- tistics — Condition of subject — Method of administration — A. C. E. mixture. CHAPTER IV. The Selection of an Anaesthetic with Reference to the Patient. — Physical condition and danger — Sexes — Age — Infants and young children — Old people — General condition — Debility — Plethora — Alcoholic subjects — Drug habitues — Tobacco users — Menstruation — Pregnancy — Frequent anaesthetization — Patholog- ic conditions of blood, of respiratory tract, of heart and blood vessels — Abdominal conditions — Exhaustion — Shock — Collapse — Kidney diseases — Diabetes — Nervous diseases. CHAPTER V. The Selection of an Anaesthetic with Reference to the Operation. — Short operations — Operations on brain and spinal cord — Ophthalmic operations — Operations on face, jaws, lips, VI CONTENTS tongue, palate, tonsils, nose and nasopharynx — Extraction of teeth — Laryngeal operations — Neck exclusive of air tract — Chest — Brain — Abdomen — Rectum and genito-urinary organs — Gyne- cological operations — Obstetric operations. CHAPTER VI. Before the Administration of an Anesthetic. — Time of day — Diet — Disinfection of mouth — Bowels — Bladder — Medicine — Cocaine solution — Strychnia — Morphine and atropine — Physi- cal examination — General condition — Temperature of room — Ven- tilation — Clothing of patient — Postures during induction — Mov- ing patients — Appliances and remedies — Aseptic precautions. CHAPTER VII. Posture During Anaesthesia. — Respiratory difficulty from faulty posture — Circulatory trouble from position — Interference with operation — Posture for extraction of teeth — For operations about oral cavity, head, etc., larynx, trachea, neck, ophthalmic op- erations, chest, abdomen, kidney, genito-urinary organs. CHAPTER VIII. Nitrous Oxide. — Nature — Preparation — Commercial service — Physiological effects and action — Administration — Dangers of administration — Administration of definite quantities of nitrous oxide and air — Administration of nitrous oxide and indefinite quantities of air — Administration of nitrous oxide and oxygen. CHAPTER IX. Ether. — Discovery — Nature — Impurities — Physiological ef- fects and action, first stage, second stage, third stage — Toxic ef- fects — After effects— Dangers of administration — The administra- tion, by the open system, partially closed system, close method — Oxygen and ether — Rectal etherization — Proper extent of anaes- thesia — Management of accidental conditions incident to the period of administration — Clinical conclusions. CHAPTER X. Chloroform. — Discovery — Nature — Impurities — Physiolog- ical effects and action, first stage, second stage, third stage — Toxic effects — Physiological action — Lethal effects — After effects — Dangers of administration — The administration — Management of complications. CHAPTER XL Ethyl Bromide — Discovery — Nature — Physiological effects — Dangers of administration. Ethyl Chloride — Nature — Use CONTENTS VII as anaesthetic — Character of anaesthesia — Application. Bichlo- ride of Methylene — Nature — Introduction as anaesthetic — Char- acter of anaesthesia — Dangers — Method of administration. Ethi- dene Dichloride — Nature — Use as anaesthetic — Dangers — Meth- od of administration. Amylene — Nature — Effects — Character of anaesthesia — Dangers. Pental — Use as anaesthetic — Effects. Other Agents. — Spinal Anaesthesia — Effects — After effects — Complications — Failure — Contra-indications — Mortality — Solu- tion and dose — Technique. CHAPTER XII. Mixtures for Anaesthesia. — Principle — A. C. E. mixture — Billroth's mixture — Chloroform and ether, 2 parts chloroform and 1 part ether, 1 part chloroform and 4 parts ether, 1 part chloro- form and 3 parts ether, 1 part chloroform and 2 parts ether — Chloroform and alcohol — Schleich's mixture. CHAPTER XIII. Sequences of Anaesthetics. — Nitrous oxide — ether — Chlo- roform-ether — A. C. E.-ether — Ether-chloroform — Other se- quences. CHAPTER XIV. After the Administration of an Anaesthetic. — After De- pression — Rapidity of recovery — General management — Diet — Vomiting — Bronchial and pulmonary symptoms — Etiology of lung complications — Statistics of post anaesthesia pneumonia — Embolic pneumonia — Gangrene and abscess of lungs — Paralysis — Anuria. PART II. LOCAL ANaESTHESIA AND ANAESTHETICS. CHAPTER XV. Local Anesthesia. — General considerations — Application to special operations and regions — Cocaine — Cocaine hydrochloride — Local infiltration method, technique — Regional paraneural in- filtration, technique — Regional intraneural method — Other local anaesthetic agents — Eucaine A. — Eucaine B. — Tropa cocaine hy- drochloride — Holocain — Nirvanin — Orthoform — Aneson — Ethyl chloride — Liquid air. CHAPTER XVI. Local Anesthetics in Dentistry. — Objections to general anaesthesia — Gradual increase in employment of local agents — Conclusions regarding cocaine — Chloretone — Technique of in- jecting — Orthoform — Cocaine for anaesthetizing tooth pulp — Co- caine by cataphoresis. ILLUSTRATIONS. Fig. Page Chart showing relation of danger rate to age 40 1. Hewitt's modification of Mason's gag 51 2. Trendelenberg's Trachea Tampon, canula and inhaler 52 3. Westmoreland's mouth gag 64 4. Rozier's mouth gag 64 5. Denhart's gag 64 6. Mason's gag 64 7. Heister's gag 65 8. Plain oral screw , . . . 65 9. Mathieus' tongue forceps 65 10. Houze's tongue forceps 65 11. Daintree's adjustable mouth prop 65 12. Soft-rubber bite-blocks 65 13. Postures for anaesthesia 67-68 14. The S. S. White gasometer 72 15. Diagram of White gasometer 73 16. Universal gas stand 77 17. White's Inhaler 79 18. Mouth piece and Inhaler 80 19. Anaesthetic Inhaler (Hillard) 83 20. Goldan's stop cock 89, 90, 91 21. Diagram of Goldan's stop cock 92 22. Goldan's apparatus for N 2 and O . 93 23. White's apparatus for N 2 and O 94 24. Allis' Inhaler 106 25. Fowler's modification of Allis' inhaler 107 26. Clover's Inhaler 108 27. Section of Clover's inhaler at "O" 109 28. Section of Clover's inhaler at "F" 110 29. Diagram of Air Current in Clover's inhaler Ill 30. Bennett's inhaler I.— ether 112 31. Bennett's inhaler II.— gas 113 32. Bennett's inhaler III.— gas and ether 114 33. Junker inhaler 135 34. Esmarch inhaler 137 35. Skinner mask 138 36. Pierpont's folding chloroform inhaler 139 37. Schimmelbusch-Esmarch inhaler 139 38. Plain ether drop bottle 139 39. Hahn's drop bottle 139 40. Annandale's tracheal canule and tube . . . .' 141 41. Fell's apparatus for inflation 146 42. Richardson's double bellows for forced respiration 147 43. Needles and syringe for spinal anaesthesia 157 44. Diagram of vertebra 158 45. Coming's needle 159 46. Sitting posture for spinal anaesthesia 160 47. Iliac crests • 161 48. Needle entering opposite 4th spine .' 162 49. Tuff ier's syringe and needle 163 50. Method of inserting needle in spine 164 51. Stone's mask for Schleich's solution 171 52. Hewitt's modification of Clover's inhaler, for N 2 and ether 173 53. Ethyl chloride tube 197 PART I. General Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics. CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL. Three achievements stand out in the records of the last cen- tury which for the direct mitigation of human ills and indirect influence upon the advancement of medical science have no paral- lels in the history of medicine. It is hardly necessary to say that these achievements are vaccination, anaesthesia, and antisep- sis. Anaesthesia is the term that was given by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes to denominate that lethargic state which had from time immemorial been at once the hope and the despair of medical savants, and the successful induction of which he apostrophized as follows : "Nature herself is working out the primal curse which doomed the tenderest of her creatures to the sharpest of her trials ; but the fierce extremity of suffering has been steeped in the waters of forget fulness, and the deepest furrow in the knotted brow of agony has been smoothed forever." This Death of Pain, this medical will-o'-the-wisp, had for centuries eluded the grasp of medical investigators ever since the Great Physician "caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam; and he slept; and he took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh instead thereof." The anticipation of a pain-destroying agent was a medical dream, older, more persistently pursued, and more enticing than the fancies of the fabled lotus-eaters. No other possibility in medicine ever held forth such allurement to the surgical patient, of whose feelings on the approach of the surgeon Tennyson wrote, "Sent a chill to my heart when I saw him come in at the door." The belief in and the search after some agent by which pain might be annihilated is as old as medicine itself. The fact that though the ancients employed various devices to annul pain the eighteenth century was not marked by any advance in this direction, notwithstanding its eminent medical men, has been a subject of comment. The atmosphere of mysticism, charms, in- cantations and charlatanism that surrounded the early history of 12 HISTORICAL pain-destroying agents tended to discredit the whole matter, and in part, at least, explains why the age that produced Sydenham and Pare was barren in this respect. Then too, must be taken Into consideration the religious ideas, based on the primeval curse, which were prevalent at that time and against which Simpson waged such an energetic and convincing campaign. In Homer's Odyssey there is reference to a drug used by Helen as a nepenthe or narcotic, "a drug to lull all pain and anger and bring forgetfulness of every sorrow." The nature of the nepenthe of Helen which "Immediately she (Helen) dropped into the wine of which they drank," is unknown, but it is believed by some to have been opium. Dioscorides and Pliny, about the begin- ning of the Christian era, described the Memphis stone which gave forth . soporific fumes. The former describes the use of a decoction of the root of the Atropa Mandagora in wine : "And some making decoctions in wine of the roots to a third, this be- ing strained is put past. Using one wine-glassful in the case of the sleepless and those suffering excessive pain, and in the case of those on whom they wish to produce insensibility when cut or "burnt." Dioscorides further describes the hypnotic effects of mandrake roots on shepherds, and the analgesic properties of the decoction as used by physicians. This drug, according to Theodoric, when mixed with other narcotics and inhaled caused a deep sleep from which the patient could only be aroused by the fumes of vinegar. The Romans used mandrake to stupefy criminals at the time of crucifixion, though probably the material used was a compound of several drugs. Mandrake was used as a surgical anaesthetic down to the thirteenth century, and its employment is mentioned by Galen. Lucian makes several ref- erences to mandagora : "But do you think he has been so dosed with mandagora as to hear those things, and not to know?" — ''Adversuslndiictuml^i; "You sleep as if through mandagora." — "Titnon" 2. According to Foy, the schools both of the Eastern and Western Califates were familiar with and employed mandagora. Its prop- erties were described by Avicenna, Averhoes, Paulus, Aetius, Isodorus, Serapion, Celsus, and others. They employed it as a hypnotic and analgesic in various ways. Mandrake has been used to relieve the pains of labor, and Dr. Sylvester suggested HISTORICAL 13 that it was for such a purpose that Rachel begged the mandrake from Ruben. In the third century a Chinese surgeon Hoa-tho, is said to have employed some sort of anaesthetic drug, and in the thir- teenth century da Lucca, a Tuscan surgeon, employed an oil by inhalation. The Assyrians compressed the vessels of the neck by a band before practicing circumcision. With the introduction into Europe, by the Moslems, -of the process of distillation, we find the employment of volatile prepa- rations for the purpose of relieving pain. Giabattista Porta (1589), a surgeon of Naples, tells of volatile drugs, — an essence of hyoscyamus, solanum, poppy, and belladonna, kept in leaden vessels — which drugs produced sleep upon inhalation : "Thereby he would be buried in a most profound slumber, nor be aware of what had been done to him." Vigo tells of producing insensi- bility by "smelling of a sponge wherein opium is." Theodorico, son of Ugone da Lucca (born in the middle of the twelfth cen- tury), tells of an oil de lateribus prepared and used by his father, which by inhalation alone put patients asleep on occasions of painful operations. He further describes the substance used with the somniferous sponge of da Lucca as consisting of opium, mul- berry juice, hyoscyamus, mandagora, wood ivy, lettuce seeds, dock seeds, and water hemlock. In this mixture a sponge is boiled. For use it was soaked in hot water and applied to the nostrils. A sponge dipped in vinegar was applied to the nos- trils to awaken the patient, or the juice of the root of fenngrek was thrown into the nostrils. The principle of the inhalation of volatile substances is very- ancient. Aphrodite threw herself on a bed of lettuce in order to mitigate her grief for the death of Adonis. Indian hemp is an old remedy for pain, and was used to stu- pefy criminals. Herodotus mentions a custom of the Scythians of inhaling the fumes of a certain kind of hemp. Indian hemp was used as an analgesic even earlier than mandrake. M. Julien laid before the French Academy of Medicine a manuscript called Ko-Kin-i-ting which contained the information that Ho-tho gave a preparation of hemp (ma-yo) to patients, who became insensible as if "drunk, or deprived of life," and who, when re- vived, had not felt the slightest pain during the operation. 14 HISTORICAL The name "haschish," by which Indian hemp was known in the Orient, is said to have given rise to the term assassin (liter- ally, eater of haschish) because an Arab Sheikh fed the drug to his followers in order to produce delightful sensations which he induced them to believe he could obtain for them eternally if they would carry out his bloodthirsty designs. Simpson thought the nepenthe of Homer was a species of Indian hemp. Reference to the poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies shows that drugs of this nature were well known at that period. Thus : "Bringeth his patient in a senseless slumber," — Du Bartas ; also, "Will stupefy and dull the sense awhile." .. . . "locking up the spirits a time." — Shakespeare. Chumappe (1534) alludes to the use of soporific preparations at that period, Boerhaave's anaesthetic powder is said to have consisted of oil of cinnamon, oil of cloves, citron peel, sugar, red coral, and opium. A dose was given one hour before operation, and an- other one-quarter of an hour before if necessary. Brooke (1562), from whom Shakespeare was supposed to have derived much in- spiration for his "Romeo and Juliet" (1597), in his "Tragical Historye of Romeus and Julietta," etc., describes friar Laurence as a great searcher of nature's secrets and a maker of "divers soporiferous simples" which would bring the "receiver into such a sleepe and burieth so deeply the senses and other spirits of life, that the cunningest Phistian will judge the party dead." Also, "When the operation is perfect and done hee returneth into his first estate." Marlowe, in The Jew of Malta, refers to the mandagora thus : "I drank of poppy and cold mandrake juice, And being asleep, belike they thought me dead, And threw me o'er the walls." Even as late as Mrs. Browning we have the following : "Have the pigmies made you drunken Bathing in mandagora ?" In the early part of the seventeenth century Valverdi, an Italian, practised compression of the vessels of the neck in or- der to produce unconsciousness, a procedure undertaken by the ancient Assyrians at the time of circumcision. Compression of the vagi, of the limb to be operated on, of the nerve supplying the HISTORICAL 15 part to be operated on, have all been recommended and prac- tised. Dorsey, Mott, Norris, and others tell or their more or less successful use of opium or whisky, or both, to produce some greater or less degree of insensibility to pain during operations. Hypnotism was known to the ancient Egyptians, Persians, and Indians, and it is thought by some that they may have used it for the purposes of surgical anaesthesia. Simpson quotes the lines of Middleton (1617) : "111 imitate the pities of old surgeons To this lost limb — who ere they show their art Cast me asleep, then cut the diseased part." Greatrakes (1661), by means of passes over the subject's body produced a magnetic sleep. Greatrakes was a celebrated Irish "stroker" who was called to England to treat Lady Conway, of Warwickshire. He obtained considerable notoriety. In 1766 Anthony Mesmer appeared with his theory of "Ani- mal Magnetism." In 1839 a Frenchman named Potet introduced hypnotism into London under the name of mesmerism. He was supported by Dr. John Elliotson of the University College Hos- pital, who was subsequently ruined because of his advocacy of mesmerism. The British physicians, Simpson, Liston, Braid, and Edsaile, of Calcutta, were more or less successful in experi- menting with hypnotism. Edsaile is said to have employed hyp- notism in connection with rather severe surgical operations. The ancient Greek physicians must have recognized the principle of hypnotism, for in the Greek Anthology we have : "Touching them with his hands he (the physician) quickly makes them whole." Although sulphuric ether was discovered by Valerius Cordus in the year 1540 (though by some its discovery is attributed to the Arabian chemist Djafar Yeber), hydrogen by Cavendish in 1766, nitrogen by Rutherford in 1772, oxygen by Priestly in 1774, and nitrous oxide by Priestly in 1772 or 1776, it was not until the close of the eighteenth century that these gases began to be em- ployed in any manner likely to lead to the discovery of their anaesthetic properties. The inhalation of ether for the relief of asthma was recommended by Pearson, of Birmingham, in 1795. Beddoes organized a "Pneumatic Institute" at Clifton in 1798 for l6 HISTORICAL the treatment of pulmonary diseases by the inhalation of gaseous and vaporized medicaments. Thornton and others also employed like medication about the same period. In 1799 or 1800 Mr. Humphrey Davy, then an assistant of Dr. Beddoes, discovered by personal experiment that nitrous oxide gas would relieve tooth- ache and other pains, and suggested its use for the production of anaesthesia. He described its effects as "uneasiness being swal- lowed up for a few minutes by pleasure." Although he does not appear to have carried its administration far enough to produce unconsciousness, he nevertheless recognized the possibilities of nitrous oxide gas in this direction, and recommended its employ- ment in "surgical operations in which no great effusion of blood takes place." In the early part of the past century the effect of nitrous oxide gas was known to many, and the gas was inhaled for diver- sion by the students of the University of Pennsylvania. "Ether frolics" were an amusement of the time among young people. In 1818 Faraday pointed out that ether when inhaled had effects similar to laughing gas, as the following from the Eng- lish Quarterly Journal of Science and Arts, which is attributed to him, shows : "When the vapor of ether mixed with common air is inhaled it produces effects very similar to those occasioned by nitrous oxide. ... By the imprudent inspiration of ether a gentleman was thrown into a very lethargic state, which con- tinued with occasional periods of intermission for more than thirty hours." In October, 1888, Dr. O. P. Hubbard read a paper before the New York State Medical Association, in which he detailed the circumstances of the administration of nitrous oxide gas to his brother and others at Rome, Oneida county, N. Y., in November, 1 82 1. During one of the exhibitions a young man was found in an adjoining room lying completely unconscious beside the gasometer. He was removed and soon recovered from the un- conscious state." Pereiras' work on Materia Medica (1839), described the an- aesthetic properties of ether when inhaled, and in 1842 Dr. Craw- ford W. Long, of Georgia, who is said to have learned from a negro servant named Wichita that complete unconsciousness had resulted some time previously in a negro lad whom his companions HISTORICAL iy had forcibly compelled to inhale some ether, employed ether while removing a tumor. He had used it for the relief of pain, and subsequently to this operation he repeated his experiments, and demonstrated the use of ether to his brother physicians. He ap- pears to have been conservative in his exploitation of the use of ether, and while directly in the line of success the world at large was not made to recognize this until after he was forestalled by Morton in the practical application of ether as a general surgical anaesthetic. Dr. Long is regarded by many, especially in the Southern States, as the discoverer of anaesthesia. (A statue of Dr. Long is to be placed in a hall at Washington, D. C, reserved for the statues of two distinguished men from each State. The statue is a memorial from the physicians of the State of Georgia.) In December, 1844, Dr. Horace Wells, a dentist of Hartford, Conn., observed while attending a popular lecture given by a Mr. Colton, a chemist, that a Air. William Thomas Green Morton was born in [Massachusetts, studied dentistry in Baltimore, and was a- successful practitioner in Boston. He experimented with drugs and with hypnotism in connection with the painless extraction of teeth, and as we have seen was associated with Wells in his investigations of nitrous oxide gas. After the failure of the experiment of Wells he abandoned gas and tried chloric ether with unsatisfactory re- 1 8 HISTORICAL suits. At the suggestion of his preceptor Dr. Charles Jackson — Morton being at that time a student of medicine — a physician of Boston, but best known as a geologist and chemist, he expe- rimented with sulphuric ether, beginning his experiments on ani- mals. His success in this direction encouraged him to make a personal experiment, and in September, 1846, he inhaled ether from a handkerchief while sitting in his operating chair. He was unconscious for several minutes, and on regaining conscious- ness he was so elated by his success that he decided to again in- hale the drug and submit to an extraction while under its influ- ence. At this moment the door bell rang and he admitted a man nrmed Eben Frost whose face was bandaged and who was in that state of mingled hope and consternation so familiar to all dental surgeons. He- asked if it were not possible to mesmerize him, and readily consented to inhale ether when assured that it was superior to mesmerism. To the joy of the operator and the astonishment of the patient the attempt was perfectly successful, and thus was accomplished the first operation under ether anaes- thesia. Morton then proceeded to obtain an opportunity for the public demonstration of the practicability of anaesthesia. This was fur- nished him in the surgical amphitheater of the Massachusetts Gen- eral Hospital in Boston, on October 16, 1846, where the unsuc- cessful demonstration by Wells had taken place two years before. The surgeon in charge was Dr. John C. Warren, to whom great credit is due for placing the opportunity in Morton's hands in spite of the previous failure in this direction. The operation was the removal of a vascular tumor from the left side of the neck of a young man who was described in the records as "Gilbert Abbott, aged twenty, single, painter." The Harvard Medical class was present, also several prominent physicians and surgeons. The exhibition of the anaeesthetic was a complete success, so much so that Dr. Warren turned to those present and said, "Gentle- men, this is no humbug." The fame of the wonderful new agent and of its discoverer spread rapidly, and then came Dr. Jackson, jealous of the fame of Morton and anxious to participate in the benefits of the dis- covery, with a claim as to the rights of discovery, basing his claim on the assertion that he had been aware of the power of HISTORICAL 19 ether since 1842. He had suggested the drug to Morton, and un- doubtedly had advised him as to its nature and the best methods of administration, but beyond this his claim was groundless. And here Morton made the mistake of his life, — an attempt to patent the agent under the name "letheon" and to keep its nature secret. As he was not a graduate in medicine he was not tech- nically bound to observe that rule of medical ethics which from the beginning of medicine has forbidden the adoption of such a course in relation to matters which are of benefit to common humanity, yet how different might have been the result to him- self if he had held himself bound by this rule, the breaking of which forfeited him the esteem and sympathy of the medical public which would have been of incalculable value in the contro- versy which followed. Morton was anxious to silence Jackson as to the nature of ether which he had attempted the impossible task of disguis- ing with aromatics, and to this end he recognized the rights of Jackson in his application for letters patent. Jackson, dissatisfied with his share of the bargain, attempted to pose at the sole discoverer, and thus arose an acrimonious controversy which con- tinued long after the death of Jackson in an asylum. The mat- ter was subsequently investigated by a Congressional committee whose report substantiated the claims of Morton. Morton's attempt at secrecy was unavailing. The world at large knew that "letheon" was simply ether. Dr. Bigelow soon became aware of its nature and spread the news in England. The public disregarded the patent proceedings. Indeed the govern- ment representatives in the army and navy ignored the effort to secure patent papers, and an attempt to secure a grant of $100,- 000 to Morton from the government failed largely through the antagonism 01 Jackson supported by the connection of his name with the patent papers. A testimonial of $50,000 from England also failed because of the doubt arising through the same influ- ences, while a French prize was divided equally between Morton and Jackson. Morton's, life was clouded by a feeling of resentment against the public whose position he mistook for ingratitude. Such hon- ors as he received did not obviate the ill health largely due to the bickerings which continued over the rights of discovery, and 20 HISTORICAL which resulted in his death in 1868. To-day Morton is generally regarded, and his memory is honored, as the true discoverer of the practicability of ether as an anaesthetic. Had he followed the example of the other great discoverers in the field of medicine he would have had as little cause for complaint. Upon a monument erected by the citizens of Boston over the grave of Morton is the following inscription : William T. G. Morton, Inventor and revealer of anaesthetic inhalation, By whom pain in surgery was averted and annulled; Before whom in all time surgery was agony, Since whom science has control of pain. No medical discovery was ever more readily adopted than the use of anaesthesia. It was at once taken up in England, and sur- gical operations were performed under its use by Dr. Boot and by Listen in December, 1846. Dr. J. Y. Simpson immediately adopted ether in obstetric practice. He soon discovered the diffi- culties which attend its administration and which were not so avoidable then as now, and began experimenting in order to find a hetter agent. The unpleasant odor which ether gave to his clothes also induced Simpson to try other agents. He wrote : "I found that no busy obstetric practitioner could extensively employ sul- phuric ether without inevitably carrying about with him, and upon his clothes, an odor so disagreeable to many other patients and other houses, as to make his presence there aught but desirable." Himself and his assistants, Drs. Keith and Duncan, inhaled va- rious substances experimentally. Mr. Waldie, a chemist of Liv- erpool, suggested to Simpson that chloroform, a constituent of "chloric ether," might be tried with benefit. Chloric ether was at that time used as a carminative, and consisted of chloroform and rectified spirit. Mr. Waldie, in an article on the "Medicinal History of Chloroform" (1847), states that as far as he knows chloroform was introduced into England about 1838. A pre- scription was presented at Apothecaries Hall, Colquitt street, Liverpool, for filling, one ingredient was chloric ether which was unknown there. The chemist found the formula for chloric ether in the United States Dispensatory, and prepared some. The prop- HISTORICAL 21 erties of chloric ether pleased Dr. Formby, who introduced it into Liverpool practice. Waldie states that while he was in Scot- land, in October (1847), Simpson asked him regarding some agent that would answer his purpose, and Waldie suggested chloric ether, promising to prepare some on his return to Liver- pool and send it to Simpson. He was delayed, however, and in the meantime Simpson procured some in Edinburgh. Attempts to anaesthetize with chloric ether had failed. Chlo- roform was described as a "curious liquid" discovered almost simultaneously by Guthrie, Soubeiran, and Leibig in 1831, and chemically described by Dumas in 1835. In March, 1837, Flou- rens, the French chemist, described the effects of chloroform on animals. Guthrie, of Brimfield, Mass., then residing at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., obtained what is now known as chloroform, though he supposed he had discovered an easy and cheap pro- cess of making what was known as "Dutch liquid," a preparation of the Dutch chemists, or ethane dichloride, which greatly' resem- bled the substance discovered by Guthrie. He therefore used the term chloric ether in referring to the preparation which he had discovered. Guthrie is said to have noticed in the American Journal of Science and Art a statement by a correspondent to the effect that a mixture of alcohol and chloride of defiant gas (then recently discovered) was an agreeable and diffusible stim- ulant. This led to his experiments, and in May, 1831, he sent to Mr. Sillman, the editor of the Journal mentioned, an article entitled, "A Spiritous Solution of Chloric Ether," which was pub- lished in October, 183 1. A later and more complete account de- scribing his method was published in January, 1832, and is re- ferred to by Pereira (Pharmaceutical Journal). Soubeiran's ac- count was published in January, 1832. Leibig's account was published in November, 1831 (Foy), or not until 1832 (Pereira). Samuel Guthrie was born in 1782, was a surgeon in the U. S. Army in 1812, and died in 1848, just as the fame of chloro- form as an anaesthetic became widespread. The recognition of his position as the discoverer of chloroform is largely due to the Chicago Medical Society, and recognition as such has at last been accorded him by his brethren of the Jefferson county, New York, Historical Society. In Sillman's Journal, of January, 1832, is related an instance 2.2 HISTORICAL of the use of chloroform by inhalation by Prof. Ives, of Yale College. It was also used by Dr. Nathan B. Ives for asthma, cough, quinsy, etc. Simpson determined to try chloroform, and did so on the fourth of November, 1847, w ^ n the result that himself and co- experimenters awoke from temporary unconsciousness to find themselves upon the floor, under under the table. Simpson read :a paper before the Medico-Chirurgical Society, on November 10th, detailing cases in which he had already used the anaesthetic successfully, and by the 15th of November he had administered chloroform to about fifty individuals without any bad results. In 1870, Simpson, in a letter to Dr. Jacob Bigelow, of Boston, stated that "the first case of an anaesthetic operation under chlo- roform occurred in Edinburg on the 15th of November, 1847." The first operation under ether in England is said to have been the extraction of some teeth by a dentist, a Mr. Robertson, of London, in 1846, at the request of Dr. Boot. Simpson regarded chloroform as "more portable, more man- ageable and powerful, more agreeable to inhale, and less excit- ing" than ether, and an agent giving greater "control and com- mand over the superinduction of the anaesthetic state." For years Simpson fought an earnest and persistent fight against medical conservatism, religious bigotry, and confused public opinion. And the rapid introduction of the use of anaesthetics in Great Britian is largely due to his successful advocacy of its cause. In none of the writings or public utterances of Simpson is there to be found any acknowledgment of the credit due to Guthrie or Ives for the discovery or employment of chloroform. Chloroform, which at first was regarded as an anaesthetic without danger, became almost the sole anaesthetic agent in use in Great Britain and the Continent. In the United States ether held its own as a safe and reliable agent for general surgical an- aesthesia. Occasional deaths under chloroform and the seem- ing inexplicable cause of these fatalities brought about a realiza- tion of the dangers of chloroform as an anaesthetic, as well as a state of doubt and confusion as to which agent was the better. In 1858 Snow published a work on chloroform and other anaesthetics in which he claimed that chloroform fatalities are generally due to primary cardiac paralysis from the inhalation of HISTORICAL 23 too concentrated vapor. Though subsequent investigations tend to prove that there is some primary interference with respira- tion, the conclusions of Snow are by many regarded as correct. Clover, who published an account of his chloroform inhaler in 1862, experimented with both chloroform and ether with the conclusion that ether was the safer drug. In 1864 the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society appointed a committee to in- vestigate chloroform, which reported in favor of Snow's conclu- sions, and recommended a mixture of alcohol, chloroform and ether which was originally proposed by Dr. Geo. Harley, and was known as the A. C. E. mixture. Claude Bernard, Richardson and others investigated the question, and in 1867 Richardson intro- duced bichloride of methylene, which as an anaesthetic had a short life. The same year saw the Junker inhaler for chloroform, which proved of special value in surgery of the mouth, throat, and nose. About this time Colton, the lecturer who gave Wells his inspir- ation regarding nitrous oxide gas, revived the interest in this gas. He had formed an association in New York for performing den- tal work with the use of gas, and his reports stimulated the in- terest of dental surgeons. He visited Paris in 1867 and gave demonstrations before Dr. Evans, the well known exponent there of modern dentistry.' Dr. Evans demonstrated the use of gas in London in 1868, and the Odontological Society then issued a very favorable report on the use of the gas about eight months later. Nitrous oxide gas has since maintained the first place as an anaesthetic for use in modern dental practice. Its utility in this connection and also, in some respects, in general surgery, has been much enhanced by the success of Dr. E. Andrews, of Chicago, in 1868, in obtaining a non-asphyxial form of anaes- thesia by the combined use of oxygen and nitrous oxide gas. The work of Clover in demonstrating the advantages of air- limitation in administering ether, of the advantage of the use of nitrous oxide gas as a preliminary to etherization, and his im- proved methods of administering nitrous oxide gas, did much to lessen the popularity of chloroform. Heated controversies arose as to the relative merits and de- merits of chloroform and ether. Investigations into the physi- ological action and lethal manifestations of chloroform were be- 24 HISTORICAL gun. The teaching of Syme and the Edinburgh school was that chloroform never produced primary depression of the heart. The report of the "Glasgow" committee of the British Medical Asso- ciation in 1876 stated that blood pressure and cardiac action were distinctly lowered under chloroform; that respiration generally ceased before cardiac action, and that, primary cardiac paralysis might occur. To settle this dispute the first Hyderabad commission was ap- pointed. The funds being furnished by the Nizam of Hydera- bad at the suggestion of Surgeon-Major Lawrie, who upheld the teachings of Syme. The conclusions of the commission, after nu- merous experiments, were in accordance with the Edinburgh school, and were not accepted by the profession at large. A second commission, whose report appeared in 1891, essentially corroborated the conclusions of the first commission. Eminent physiologists soon demonstrated errors in the technical work of these commissions, and independent investigations by Wood, Hare, Hill, MacWilliam and others go to show that the fall of arterial tension is largely, if not wholly, due to the effect of chloroform upon the heart, and that even though respiration ceases before the heart action, the principle element in chloro- form syncope is the effect upon the circulation. The report of the Committee on Anaesthetics of the British Medical Association, rendered in 1900, states that ether is sin- gularly free from danger in healthy subjects, and that in the large majority of cases of danger from chloroform the symp- toms are those of primary failure of the circulation. In the early days of anaesthesia the almost sole object was to prevent pain during operations, without regard to partial con- sciousness or physical disturbances on the part of the patient. Later on it became evident that total unconsciousness could read- ily and safely be induced even if it were necessary to repeat the administration of the anaesthetic. The possibility of prolonged and complete anaesthesia gradually came to* be realized, and at the present time it is possible to rapidly induce complete anaes- thesia and continue it for an indefinite period without any of the excitement and disturbance which was formerly so familiar a feature of the administration of general anaesthetics. Among others of the many substances that have been more or HISTORICAL 25 less used for the purpose of anaesthesia since the discovery of the practical application of the ones already considered in the induc- tion of the anaesthetic state are a few that have obtained more or less recognition. Ethyl bromide, discovered by Serullas, in 1827, was introduced as an anaesthetic by Nunneley, of Leeds, in 1849. Ethidene dichloride, discovered by Regnault, was first used by Snow for anaesthetic purposes. Amylene, discovered by Balard, in 1844, was fi rs t employed by Snow. Pental, nitrogen, ethyl chloride, methyl oxide, ethylene or olefiant gas, and other sub- stances have been employed as anaesthetics. About two years ago a method of anaesthesia was introduced as a substitute for general anaesthesia. It is generally known as Bier's method, but should be, it is claimed, attributed to Cor- ning, of New York. This method is by medullary cocainization by the sub-arachnoid injection in the lumbar region of a solu- tion of cocaine. Though this method is not one of complete general anaesthesia it is of interest in this connection as a sub- stitute for general anaesthesia in severe operations where local an- aesthesia through local injections is not possible. This method has had considerable employment since its introduction, but it is not yet determined that it will retain a place as a reliable and satis- factory method of anaesthesia. CHAPTER II. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY. General anaesthesia may be defined as a state of intoxication of the body in which there is suspended consciousness of more or less rapid induction and recovery, during which the vital reflexes are not affected, and which, aside from the anaesthetic period, affects tissue life and function to the least possible extent. There are many agents capable of producing, in one way or another, an anaesthetic state more or less approximating that de- fined above, the principal ones of which will be considered here- after. | common_corpus | {'identifier': '03022558_1', 'collection': 'LoC-PD-Books', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1903.0', 'title': 'Anæsthesia and anæsthetics general and local,', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7292', 'token_count': '10083', '__index_level_0__': '25250', 'original_id': '876ddd26dae64cea3ff38da91bab4a4e5d6661b0578b5338f3841fc0254e559a'} |
The size of government is a red herring issue. The global economy operates as a very complex system of interdependent organizations, all of which have to work together in elegant harmony. So as the economy goes, government is a requisite partner.
That may be hard for many to accept, but for those of us who were shaped by the leading systems scholars, it all boils down to the concept developed by C. West Churchman, C’35, GR’38, an adjunct to the Operations Research and Social Systems Sciences Programs at Wharton from 1973 to 1986, and Russell Ackoff, AR’41, GR’47, the former Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Management Science, that a modern economy is based on complex systems of many corporate, government and nonprofit entities—all of which are interdependent and must be functioning perfectly.
The metric for all managers in today’s complex world—regardless of their sector—has become “concinnity”: a skillful, harmonious arrangement of all parts in an economic system.
But that presents a major hurdle. Systems are virtual and more complex than one realizes. Whether we are dealing with salmonella in peanut butter, contaminated prescription drugs, cyberhackers, TSA agents who screen all passengers in search of one potential terrorist, or a once-in-a-century weather calamity, a required specification for all complex systems is to be able to prevent or deal with an extremely small statistical possibility of disaster or failure. The result is a necessary, added human and economic burden to societal systems.
We are all now used to having the added burden of opening the specially designed seals on containers for every food or drug item we ingest to ensure total protection. The burden is necessary to regularly check water, other liquids, drugs and food items just on the chance that one of the thousands of food or drug items we ingest daily became contaminated.
Zero tolerance is an absolute spec for a sector-interdependent complex system, even though it carries an overhead cost for the total economic system. Whether it is the price of a product or service or the taxes we pay, it is a no-choice burden we assume collectively when we choose to shape, and live in, an intricately complex technological society.
So the next time you get a cola from a vending machine or buy a jar of peanut butter from a supermarket, better test it before you drink or eat it. The food and drug inspector was furloughed because our sequestered government is considered too big by some. Don’t schedule your next air travel with close connections unless you want to risk a possible near miss on your next flight’s takeoff. You may be delayed because the number of air controllers had to be reduced because of budget cuts.
Our economy’s benchmark of concinnity is no match for the outcome metrics of special-interest pressure groups that shape our political systems today. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9395991563796996}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '83543', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IETOOYPHPJ5U5Z3OHGCYLQQH7V2EVNLH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:72ff63eb-5e13-4989-8d68-9a90073572f7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 7, 11, 30, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.67.38.118', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NCUJCREU6ZZLQPFI5FBPRG6JYINSY252', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f4cdcd84-0119-4fbf-9af3-cd23d498749c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://magazine.wharton.upenn.edu/digital/get-a-grip-on-big-government/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6fa7eef8-3a3c-41d1-a4a7-b407b5eb0220>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '471', 'url': 'https://magazine.wharton.upenn.edu/digital/get-a-grip-on-big-government/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-16\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.14137470722198486', 'original_id': '62dc91529c3313f30221734dd517323ef759fd9cb7702c0c6250b94c38992bdd'} |
Previous Chapter: Chapter 1: Starless Sky Next Chapter: Chapter 3
Fiona: Any word from the Steel Dragons?
Raul: Yeah. Just now, they finished their mock battle. They accepted our request, and are sending the Hagane over.
Fiona: That’s a relief. Then he’ll probably be fine. And we’ll be able to see everyone on the Hagane and Hiryuu Custom again.
Raul: Actually, because the final divisions are still being decided on, all the pilots are out of the ship.
Fiona: Aww, really?
Raul: No matter what happens, It’s not going to be everyone from the Shura Rebellion. The Aggressors are in Izu, and…
Raji: The whereabouts of Kyosuke Nanbu and Ryuusei Date are still unknown…
Fiona: …We still don’t know what caused that accident?
Raji: That’s right. The Alteisen Risse and the ART-1 were caught in a wormhole after a mock battle at TLI… The details surrounding that are still a mystery. Dr. Kazahara and Dr. Oomiya think it may have been a wormhole to a parallel world…
Fiona: It’s a possibility. Something similar happened with us…
Raji: As well as the Shadow Mirror, the Einst, and the Shura. This world, for some reason, seems to attract visitors from beyond.
Fiona: Where could Kyosuke and Ryuusei be right now…?
Raul: I think they’re fine, considering them. They’ll definitely come back.
Fiona: You’re right. We should believe in them.
Raul: So, we’re headed for the Hagane. After that, I also want to go see the Hiryuu Custom and Lefina…
Fiona: Won’t we be a nuisance, though?
Raul: Maybe…
Top option: Visit the Hiryuu Custom -> (This is the Lune route)
Bottom Option: Do not visit the Hiryuu Custom -> (This is the Masaki Route)
*So you chose not to visit the lady*
Raul: Actually, let's not bother Lefina.
Fiona: Alright.
*so you don't. Right to the Hagane*
Raul: Well then, Commander Tetsuya Onodera, please take care of him.
Tetsuya: Sure. What will you do next?
Raul: We’re heading for the TLI. This Excellence Rescue is still undergoing testing, so we don’t want to interfere in your exercises.
Fiona: If you need us for anything else later, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Tetsuya: Understood. Be on your guard, though. We’ll investigate those unidentified mechs you gave us information on. We’ll also inform the Federation units in the area. If you encounter those units again, send out a MAD.
Raul: Roger. ‘til we meet again, then.
Eita: They’re really trying their best to make it, huh.
Tetsuya: Yeah.
Azuki: Captain, We’ve got a message from Dragon 2. After the Excellence Rescue leaves the staging area, the second round of skirmishes will begin.
Tetsuya: Understood. Send a message to all units. Wait for instructions on standby.
Azuki: Roger.
Tetsuya: Next up is practicing breaking through enemy defenses. We have to make sure our ship is ready.
Eita: The Hiryuu Custom doesn’t have Lt. Kyosuke… We’ll have an advantage.
Tetsuya: But we’re missing Lt. Ryuusei. Without SRX, we can’t fight with our full strength, either.
Eita: …Without them…
Tetsuya: I know. But all we can do for those two right now is pray.
Eita: Yeah…
*beep beep beep*
Eita: There’s a large energy reading from close to the ship!
Tetsuya: !!!
Eita: It’s an ES Wave, but I’ve never seen this kind before!
Tetsuya: Is someone teleporting in?
Eita: No, it’s….!!
*You get to the intermission menu, but it's still technically chapter 2, so just continue if you would*
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” – Arthur C Clark
La Gias, the subterranean world phased into the center of the Earth. After helping restore peace to the surface, Masaki returned once more to the place he called home.
But the capital of the country Masaki used to live in, the Holy Kingdom of Langran, had been hit by a major terrorist attack, and without a central governing body, authority began to crumble.
At the same moment, Langran was invaded by the neighboring country of Shutedonias, and the country fell to a state of confusion.
Masaki had chased Shu to the surface, suspecting him as having a hand in the plot, but after the professor’s death, the twists and turns of fate brought Masaki back to Langran.
Now, Langran is host to a three-way struggle between the Langran Army, the Shutedonias Army, and an independent army led by a man named Kirkus…
*On some mountains*
Masaki: So we are… about 30 kilometers south of Ramond Village, in Ruzak.
Shiro: So that means… We’re definitely back in La Gias, huh.[1]
Masaki: Yeah, that was the original plan, after all.
Kuro: But there’s no one else here… What about Kyosuke and Ryuusei?
Masaki: Well, since we showed up here… They may have returned to the surface, right?
Kuro: Maybe…
Shiro: But still, that trip was crazy, huh.
Masaki: It was rough, but it turned out all right. But even though Kyosuke and Ryuusei were with us, telling the rest of the gang about what happened there would just get confusing. Let’s just keep it to ourselves for now.
Kuro: Got it.
Masaki: Anyway, it’s good we’re back in La Gias, but…
Kuro: We should find someone who can give us some information.
Masaki: …Yeah. We should ask those guys.
Kuro: Who? Ah! There’s a heat source at 10 o’clock! It’s close!
Shiro: H-how come we didn’t notice them?
Masaki: There’s not a lot of spirit energy here. Even the Spirit Radar on the Cybuster has limits.
Kuro: This reading doesn’t seem like it’s from Kirkus’s army. It’s way too small.
Masaki: This feeling of open hostility… It’s probably bandits.
Kuro: Bandits? What if it’s guerrilla fighters?
Masaki: Eh, they only think about making money, anyway. So they’re basically bandits either way. Let’s go, Kuro, Shiro.
Kuro: Got it!
Chapter 2: Summons
Unit A: B-bro! Th-that’s an Elemental Lord! I saw it when I was in the army!
Gold: What? Seriously?!
Unit B: Sh-shit! Let’s get out of here, boss! There’s no way we can win against that thing!
Gold: Wait! This could be our big chance! If we can get that Elemental Lord, I will be famous! We’ll show that bastard Gaddeck! Alright you lot, look sharp! If we pull this off, we’ll be rich!
Shiro: …They seriously think they can win against Cybuster?
Masaki: Well, that’s bandits for you. They’ll chase after any bait without thinking about it. They’re pretty predictable.
Kuro: What should we do, Masaki?
Masaki: Well, we’re trying to get information… But I don’t think we can just ask them nicely. Let’s twist their arms a bit.
Kuro: What do you mean by that…?
Masaki: Watch. HEY BANDITS! You can either surrender, or die here! What’s it gonna be?
Gold: G-gah!? What’s with that forceful shout? It came from the Elemental Lord…!
Shiro: Hey, that was more effective than I thought.
Masaki: So you say, but greed will probably win in the end.
Gold: No, that treasure’s right in front of us! Even if it IS an Elemental Lord, There’s 4 of us! We can do it! If we just destroy the cockpit, it’ll go down easy!
Masaki: Then come get some!
Chapter 2: Summons
Victory: All enemies are defeated.
Defeat: Masaki is shot down.
SR point: ???
*Gold V. Masaki*
Gold: If I can bag that Elemental Lord, yesterday’s problems won’t matter at all!
Masaki: What the hell’s wrong with you? How can you possibly think you can win?
*He dies?*
Gold: Th-The Elemental Lord… It’s a monster!
*he blows up, along with his buddies*
Gold: D-dammit… This again…
Masaki: And that’s why you don’t take an Elemental Lord lightly.
Gold: T-then… M-master, please help us!
Kuro: Master…?
Shiro: What?
Masaki: Don’t tell me, they were bodyguards?
*oh shits it’s Excellen*
Excellen: Hi hi! You rang?
Masaki: Th-that’s!
Excellen: You owe me because of the meal I gave you last night… Well, that’s was the idea, but that’s yesterday’s business. When you balance duty and humanity, you clash with the natural laws of society…[2] Or something.
Masaki: Rein Weissritter! Excellen?!
Excellen: Wait wait wait, that’s… Cybuster? Meaning, the pilot is…
Masaki: Isn’t it obvious who it is?!
Shiro: Why is Excellen here?!
Kuro: What happened?!
Excellen: Uh… I kinda want to ask that myself…
*Masaki lands*
Masaki: So you’re the leader. I have some things I wanna ask.
Gold: How many?
Masaki: Oh, a wise guy, are you? That damn mouth of yours…
Gold: Aaaah! Aaah! No! Stop it![3]
Masaki: Ah, the best way to make someone docile…
Gold: …So what did you want to ask?
Masaki: Why did you abandon her, if you're her bodyguards?
Gold: Abandon, you say… You make us sound like terrible people.
Excellen: Oh, how scandalous. What kind of person attacks a frail young maiden out of the blue?
Masaki: Frail young maiden, you say …
Kuro: …It seems that today was the second time these bandits have lost…
Masaki: So you lost to her, then you became her bodyguards? Why?
Excellen: Well, while the story could drag on, basically, I wanted to gather information. I was suddenly dragged to La Gias, so things have been hectic.
Masaki: Dragged here?
Excellen: Yep. I had heard about La Gias earlier from you, Masa, but I got more details from Mr. Bandit over there… It probably wasn’t just me who came to this world. It was probably everyone who was drilling with the Steel Dragons
Masaki: What?!
Kuro: Masaki, we really do need information.
Masaki: Yeah… Oy, Bandits. We need information on the state of La Gias. Tell us what you know about the balance of power, and anything relating to Kirkus’s and Shutedonias armies.
Gold: What about information on Feil’s army?
Masaki: Wait, Feil has an army? Lord Feil is alive?!
Gold: Huh? You didn’t know? Prince Feil is fighting the Shutedonias forces on the isle of Reg in Saitzett.
Masaki: I need more details.
Gold: Yes, sir. Please allow me to elucidate this matter.
Excellen: Wait, when did his character change?
Masaki: Who are you, exactly?
Gold: My name is Gold Bagold.[4] Even though I currently appear to be a bandit, I used to serve as the captain of Shutedonias’s self-defense force.
Masaki: You worked for Shutedonias?
Gold: Correct. However, my wife was from Langran. Because of that, I was targeted by the military’s inspection committee… and relieved of duty. And when I heard my wife had perished, I resorted to banditry to make ends meet…
Masaki: …
Gold: However, fighting with you has made me realize my mistakes. I would like to ask something of you. Could I join you on your travels?
Masaki: …Usually you buy a guy dinner first.[5]
Gold: Huh?
Masaki: Nothing. Anyway, you want revenge on Shutedonias? Well, you aren’t a great pilot, but why not.
Gold: Th-thank you very much. I hope to be of use.
Masaki: Well, first, time to find food…
Kuro: Masaki, there’s a reading on the Radar! There’s a distortion in space!
Masaki: A distortion?! Could it be…?
Masaki: It’s a gate…. Someone was summoned from the surface?!
Shiro: Ah! 3 Elementals are headed this way!
*Yes they are*
Masaki: Mechs from Ruzak, huh.
Torres: Is that you piloting Cybuster, Lord Randal? I am Lt. Zetiquinez of the Ruzak self-defense force. Can you hear me?
Masaki: Yes. It appears that Ruzak has yet to fall under Shutedonias control, then.
Torres: So it is you, Lord Randal. Did you come here to investigate the gate?
Masaki: I stumbled upon it by accident. And my name is Masaki. I don’t go by Randal anymore.
Torres: I… I understand, Lord Masaki.
Excellen: So… Even though Masa’s a lost kitten on the surface, down here, he’s pretty famous, huh?
Masaki: Who are you calling a lost puppy?!
Kuro: Kitten, Masaki, Kitten.
Masaki: Tch. Moving on. Why did the gate open?
Torres: We have been investigating then up till now, but we don’t have any information as of yet…
Masaki: Up till now? It opened before right now?
Torres: You didn’t know? There have been reports of gates opening everywhere lately. It seems someone is summoning a whole lot of surface dwellers to our world.
Masaki: Including Excellen, huh…?
Kuro: A reading on the radar! But it’s not an Elemental Machine! It’s coming!
Masaki: Damn! I can’t identify it on the radar!
Torres: There’s too much interference due to the spirits. Ever since the Harmonious Barrier was broken, things that rely on Spirit Energy have been unstable.
Shiro: It’s coming this way!
*Lions bro*
Masaki: Armored Modules?!
Torres: I regret I didn’t mention it before, but the people called from the surface are often riding machines similar to Elementals.
Excellen: But… Those aren’t federation machines.
Masaki: Could they be…. Neo DC remnants?!
Torres: The Shutedonias Army has been using those machines as mercenaries.
Masaki: Damn! Torres, get out of here! I’ll handle this!
Torres: Please let us help, Lord Masaki.
Neo DC Soldier: Captain Oreg! That’s the Cybuster!
Oreg: I know… And that…
Excellen: Huh? Is he looking at Weissy?
Oreg: It’s an Einst! Those bastards came to this world, too!
Excellen: Wha?!
Oreg: I’ll pay you back for the pain of this scar!
Masaki: What’s up with that guy? He thinks the Rein Weissritter is an Einst?
Excellen: Well… It does look a little Einsty.
Masaki: Have you met him before?
Excellen: No, I’ve never seen him before… He might have fought against the real Einsts, though, that would explain his grudge.
Oreg: The Einst is mine! Kill the rest!
Neo DC Soldier: Yes, sir!
Defeat: Masaki or Excellen are shot down.
SR Point: Shoot down the Garlion. It will retreat if it falls below 4,500 HP.
*Oreg V. Excellen*
Oreg: The Einst survived their eradication!
Excellen: I’d like to tell you you’ve made a mistake, but it seems useless to even try, huh.
Oreg: As long as you and that machine exist, the Einst will remain!
Excellen: (It’s probably best not to say anything about Alfimi, huh…)
*Oreg v. Masaki*
Oreg: Let’s go, Cybuster!
Masaki: Are you with the Neo DC Remnants?
Oreg: No matter who we are, you’ll still be our enemy!
*Shoot down Oreg*
Oreg: Tsk, any more than this is pointless! Retreat!
*And then the rest die*
Masaki: It’s over…
Kuro: Ah! Masaki, look over there!
Masaki: What? There’s a person!
Shiro: Could it be the person from the surface who was just summoned here?
Masaki: Regardless, we can’t just leave them here. Hey! Are you okay?
Mio: Zzz…
Masaki: What’s this? She’s just sleeping peacefully…
Torres: Lord Masaki, perhaps we should return to our base?
Masaki: Yeah, that sounds good.
*At the base*
Mio: Nnn… It’s already morning…?
Masaki: Hey, you’ve come to. Or rather… you’ve woken up.
Mio: Huh? AAAAH! Who are you?! Why are you in my room?!
Masaki: What? Hey! Calm down! Look! Does this look like your room? Ow ow ow! Don’t hit me!
Excellen: Oh ho, it seems like it’s not only Kuro and Shiro that get feisty when woken up.[6]
Mio: Who are you people?! Why have you brought me here?! I’ll tell you now, my parents are super poor! You won’t get any ransom from them!
Masaki: Uh… Do you really not remember anything about what happened?
Mio: Ah! It’s the kidnapper! Don’t come any closer!
Masaki: You’re so loud! Just shut up and listen for a second! Okay?!
Mio: !
Masaki: Okay. I’m not a kidnapper. This is La Gias. Simply put, it’s a parallel world under the surface of the earth. And you have been summoned here for some reason.
Mio: …
Masaki: We found you passed out. Or rather, sleeping. So we picked you up and brought you here. Understand?
Mio: …And?
Masaki: What do you mean, And?
Mio: What’s your goal here? Ah, I got it! You were dazzled by my beauty and abducted me! And now you want to marry me! You seem like a good enough man, but I hate it when guys come on too strong!
Excellen: Oh my, I had no idea you were that kind of good-for-nothing, Masa.
Masaki: Why, exactly, would I want to marry an elementary school brat like you?
Mio: Elementary school? Hey, I’m 15!
Masaki: What?! No way!
Torres: Lord Masaki, let me explain the rest.
Masaki: …Thanks. I’m bad at dealing with this type of girl. Just look at Lune…
Excellen: Oh, I heard something about that… It sounds rough.
Gold: Oh?
Excellen: Well, I guess you could say she struck down with an iron fist… or two.
Gold: Sound difficult, Lord Masaki.
Masaki: …Quiet, you. Anyway, I’m going to go sort out what we know…
Previous Chapter: Chapter 1: Starless Sky Next Chapter: Chapter 3: Immortal Gorge
[2] God, Excellen’s worse to translate than fuckin’ Tasuku. EVERYTHING IS A JOKE THAT DOESN’T MAKE SENSE (I think this is a Yojimbo reference)
[3] I don’t know what‘s going on here, and I don’t WANT to know.
[4] Banpresto. Hire someone new to make up names, seriously.
[5] This is actually a momotaro reference. KIBIDANGO PLEASE also who knows momotaro show of hands alright, that’s what I thought
[6] True Blue Cat Claws? I don’t get Excellen’s jokes. At all. Ever. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.891263484954834}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46199', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7RI3OG6C7NFZ2S7Y5SYK2TKS5B56MZEU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8b39407f-c637-47de-a115-bafbf357b5fd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 14, 15, 45, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.49.23.145', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YME6B4IN33MZ27WAZGQ6ABZFXLN5BDSA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c9972b7e-0d0c-438e-ba64-e9ae2458ebaf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://2ndsrwoge.com/chapter-2m', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ddc53186-9112-415f-a82f-3a5a5525aaa7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2825', 'url': 'http://2ndsrwoge.com/chapter-2m', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-135-54.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02442467212677002', 'original_id': 'ae094271880e14fc8d62ade0b5d25dea37d361e62627b2694d9f4f2f0f9cf1dd'} |
FAQs | KOP Limited
1. What is KOPL and when was KOPL listed?
KOPL is a Singapore-based real estate development, hospitality business, management services and entertainment company with a diversified and robust portfolio of developments and investments in Singapore as well as the region. It was formed through a reverse takeover of Scorpio East Holdings Ltd. and was listed on the Catalist of the Singapore Exchange on 14 May 2014.
2. Who are KOPL's shareholders?
KOP Group Pte. Ltd. is the top shareholder of KOPL. Following the reverse takeover, KOP Group Pte. Ltd. owned 48.351% of the total issued share capital of KOP Limited.
3. Is there a difference between what KOPL is doing now as compared to before the reverse takeover?
Following the reverse takeover, Scorpio East Holdings was renamed KOP Limited and substantially adds to the Entertainment Business, the Property Business of KOP Properties Pte. Ltd. KOPL is spearheaded by a team of experienced and qualified managers who have a successful track record in the property industry.
4. What are the synergies between both of KOPL's businesses
The two synergistic businesses allow KOPL to develop real estate projects which include lifestyle components, such as entertainment and MICE facilities. The complementary nature of both businesses will also expand the scope of KOPL's event management and entertainment business through organising concerts, musicals, shows and events.
5. What plans are there to grow KOPL's business?
KOPL will focus on maximising investment returns and to position itself as trusted and leading organisation. We are constantly seeking opportunities and new business ventures to bring about superior returns and benefits for the Group and its shareholders.
To keep all our stakeholders apprised, further business developments will be made known through announcements that we post on SGXnet as well as the Newsroom section of our website. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9709439277648926}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '8101', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3W6SUDVF24DPX2S4FERUWQDZSU4CS4N6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fdeb27a1-1cfe-4f9d-9dfe-2831dce8653a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 20, 21, 30, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '148.66.136.9', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TVROYQC7365KBMZCJPEYFCFM26R6PKZ2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:db0361ef-a6bc-4e79-99a9-db77802bda63>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://theinfinityresorts.com/faq.php.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c4d449b4-dd19-4980-ab72-d95ab324609d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '301', 'url': 'http://theinfinityresorts.com/faq.php.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-170.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025716722011566162', 'original_id': '3224df2f4460c9759510d64e7490da3ba2fbb05536e9cd7634921ce78e8c2d76'} |
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07 November 2012
The US Election: 6 things we learned
I happened to be in Washington DC on election day (we are holding a Washington IDS Alumni meeting this evening).
Here are 6 things I learned:
1. The Republican Party need a massive change in strategy to remain competitive. Republicans have now lost 5 of the last 6 popular votes. In 1988 George Bush senior won 60% of the white vote and won over 400 electoral votes 270 is the target). Last night Mitt Romney won 60% of the white vote but only scraped over 200 electoral votes. This is because whites now only constitute 72% of the electorate. The Republicans have to figure out how to become a national party--a party that appeals to all groups.
2. This is no status quo election. One of the commentators said a theme of the election is "I spent $6 billion and all I got was the status quo". The election did cost a staggering $6 billion, but this is not status quo. Yes, there is no change in control of the Presidency, Senate and House. But much like in Bill Clinton's second term, the Republicans and Democrats now have to make an effort to reach across the aisle to get things done for America.
3. Obama's big signature policies are now very unlikely to be turned back in 2016. Affordable health care will now take root. No new wars are on the horizon. The deficit will not just be reduced through cuts--there will be some tax increases for those who can afford more.
4. This was a disaster for the Tea Party. Their extreme Senate candidates got beaten in states where they should have been competitive. In all the CNN, MSNBC and Fox coverage I caught there was no sign of Tea Party members. No Michelle Bachmann, no Sarah Palin, no Amy Kremer.
5. Mitt Romney was a weak candidate. President Obama was a sitting duck. High unemployment, a net 14 percent of the electorate thinking the country was heading in the wrong direction, healthcare that still has a net negative favourability rating. And yet this was a decisive result for the President. In the end, Romney was wooden, had shifting positions on everything, and just came across as fake. Governor Chris Christie would have wiped the floor with the President.
6. Obama's victory is good for international development. IDS' US development partners I talked to in the past few days were very anxious about a Romney victory. President Obama is seen as an internationalist, a multilateralist, someone who understand the need to engage, someone who is serious about rights and who understands soft power. And in the wake of "Superstorm" Sandy, some also have hopes for some much needed US leadership on climate change in Obama's second term.
Jeneral28 said...
I think Obama's view of development is no different from Bush II's second term: He still kept the MCC and the basic US development structure. On other issues such as Climate Change or aid volumes, now that's a different matter. But US aid rose during the Bush years; why would it not during Romney?
Lawrence Haddad said...
Jeneral28--you are right, US ODA doubled between 2000 and 2010 (although was banned for some activities), second only to UK, but my point was more about people wanting to work with the US under Obama in other areas, climate, trade, peace. financial flows, energy etc. Here I think the aura created by Obama, while not always delivered on, creates the space for some creative cooperation to happen | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9534414410591124}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '94320', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MYC2AFU7OBQKMWDPQL772EQPNJAQ2SZZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ecf8aeed-9276-40f3-97f0-1156178e7772>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 17, 0, 29, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.147', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZA3H3IMKZYCDN27QRMC2LBSLUNKY4CAF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9ede82e9-09ef-4c7c-a7d9-9d67d730a79a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.developmenthorizons.com/2012/11/the-us-election-6-things-we-learned.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ba273309-9737-45ea-a977-f703d101f6ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '584', 'url': 'http://www.developmenthorizons.com/2012/11/the-us-election-6-things-we-learned.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-198-92.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04278463125228882', 'original_id': '840791d86c4893aeb4d469a344f8db21a3df7cdeb0ed3faef947432ea31d7df2'} |
Financial Aid Office
Financial Aid Frequently Asked Questions
To assist you with your financial aid questions, review the FAQs listed below. For further assistance, visit or contact Campus411 All-in-1 at 216.687.5411 or 888.CSU.OHIO or
Applying For Financial Aid
How do I apply for federal financial aid?
The only way to apply for a federal grant, loan and Federal Work-Study is to complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA may be found at
Why do I need an FSA ID and how do I apply for one?
Students, parents, and borrowers are required to use an FSA ID, made up of a username and password, to access certain U.S. Department of Education websites. Your FSA ID is used to confirm your identity when accessing your financial aid information and electronically signing your federal student aid documents. Please click here to create an FSA ID now or for more information.
What is the federal school code for CSU?
CSU's code is 003032. For quick reference, this number can be easily located in the green navigation bar on the right side of all financial aid web pages. If you do not initially put CSU on your FAFSA, you can always add CSU to your FAFSA online at You may also call 800.4FED.AID (800.433.3243) and request that CSU be added to your FAFSA.
I won't qualify for financial assistance. Why should I bother to submit a FAFSA?
Even though you might believe that your family's income is too high to receive financial aid, you may be eligible for low-interest federal loan assistance. They are available regardless of the family income. Also, some scholarship and benefits programs require applicants to submit the FAFSA.
Do I have to be admitted to CSU before submitting the FAFSA?
No, your FAFSA can be completed and submitted, even if you're not yet admitted to CSU. But we will not be able to view your FAFSA application until your admission is complete.
I submitted the FAFSA last year. Why do I have to apply again this year?
Federal regulations require that all students reapply for federal financial aid each year. The primary reason for this is to ensure that your eligibility for assistance is based on the most up-to-date income, asset, and family information.
I completed my FAFSA at a community college. Do I need to file another FAFSA if I transfer mid-year?
No, all you need to do is just add CSU to your FAFSA. You may do so by accessing your FAFSA by visiting or calling 800.4FED.AID (800.433.3243). If you call, you will need to provide the DRN number that is located on your Student Aid Report (SAR) report.
I'm 22 years old and haven't lived with my parents since I was in high school. Why do I have to include their information on my FAFSA?
If you cannot answer yes to at least one of the student Dependency Status questions, the federal regulations require that his/her parent(s) income and asset information be included on the FAFSA.
My parents are divorced (or separated) and neither one has remarried. Whose information do I enter on my FAFSA?
You would enter the information from the parent you lived with more during the past 12 months. If you live equally with each parent, enter the information from the parent who provided more of the financial support from the past 12 months, or during the most recent year that you actually received support from a parent.
Must I include my stepfather's income and asset information on my FAFSA? My mom and he just got married last year.
If you consider your mother (rather than your father) to be the parent you have lived with more during the past 12 months, then both your mother's and stepfather's income/asset information must be included on your FAFSA. Your stepfather is defined as your father for purposes of completing your FAFSA, regardless of whether or not he wishes to assist you with your educational and living expenses.
Both of my parents are deceased and I've been living with my grandparents since I was very young. They even claimed me as an exemption on their federal tax transcripts. Should I include their income/asset information on my FAFSA?
No, only if they have officially adopted you. If they have, then define them as your parents and include their information on your FAFSA. If they have been your guardians (even court-appointed), then you're defined as an orphan, and only your income/asset data should be entered on your FAFSA.
My parent(s) didn't claim me as an exemption on their income tax transcript(s). Can I apply for federal financial aid using only my information?
Maybe, review the Dependency Status questions of your FAFSA. An answer of "no" to all of these questions means that your parent(s) income and asset data must be entered on your FAFSA. An answer of "yes" to any one of the thirteen questions means that your parent(s) data should not be entered.
My family's circumstances have changed since I submitted my FAFSA. What can I do?
If a significant change occurs in your family's (or your) financial situation after you submit your FAFSA, be sure to contact Campus411 All-in-1 in Main Classroom room 116, or call 216.687.5411 or 888.CSU.OHIO or email In many instances, adjustments to your federal financial aid eligibility can be approved. Examples of such instances are a loss of income, separation or divorce and loss of benefits. The Special Circumstance form that you need is located on the Financial Aid Forms page.
Loan Information
What is the GradPlus Loan?
The Graduate Plus (GradPlus) Loan is a federal loan program for degree-seeking graduate and law students. Read more frequently asked questions regarding the GradPlus Loan.
Student Aid
Can I receive federal financial aid if I enroll less than full time?
Yes. If you are enrolled at least half time, you may be eligible for Federal Pell Grant, Direct Loan, PLUS (parent) loan funds, Federal SEOG, Perkins Loan aid, and Work-Study employment assistance. If you enroll in less than half time, you may still qualify for the Federal Pell Grant.
Can financial aid be used to cover the cost of classes that are being audited?
No. Audited classes do not count when determining enrollment status for financial aid.
What kind of financial aid is available to graduate students?
Graduate students are eligible for loans, Federal Work-Study and assistantships. You should check the Graduate Studies web site for more information:
What is an EFC?
The Expected Family Contribution (EFC) is determined from the income and asset data you entered on your FAFSA. This amount is a reflection of your family's financial strength, an estimate of the amount of money that is expected to be available for spending on higher education expenses.
How do I find out how much financial aid I am eligible for?
After CSU receives your FAFSA and (if you are selected) the FAFSA verification process has been completed, you'll be issued an award notification listing the types of aid you have been awarded. An email will instruct you how to access the Fin Aid tab in CampusNet.
Does receiving a scholarship affect my federal financial aid eligibility?
Sometimes. You are not permitted to receive financial assistance greater than the total cost of attending CSU. Therefore, if you qualify for a scholarship after having been awarded federal financial aid, some of your federal assistance (usually loan eligibility) may have to be reduced. If this occurs, you'll be notified immediately. Read more frequently asked questions regarding scholarships.
The total amount of financial aid I'm receiving is greater than tuition invoices. What happens to the extra money?
Any remaining funds available after all your fees have been paid will be issued to you. You may view this amount by going into CampusNet and selecting the Account tab. If you see an amount in parenthesis ( ), that is your refund amount. The Office of Treasury Services issues refunds twice a week. If you refer to your CampusNet account, you will see when your refund was issued. If you have questions or concerns about your refund, contact Campus411 All-in-1 in Main Classroom 116, or call 216.687.5411 or 888.CSU.OHIO or email
How do I receive summer financial aid?
Students may use remaining Federal Pell Grant and Direct Loan eligibility, which requires minimum enrollment of 6 credits for summer study. Campus-based aid (SEOG, Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Work Study), Institutional Grants (Residence Hall Grant) are not available summer semester.
Students applying for summer financial aid should finalize their registration by the first day of summer classes. To have your eligibility evaluated, please contact Campus411 All-in-1 at 216-687-5411, or email at
Summer semester is considered the last semester of our academic year. Financial aid is based on your remaining eligibility from your current FAFSA results.
What aid is available for Visiting Students (non-degree, visiting, and transient) in the Summer semester?
Visiting (non-degree, visiting, and transient) students who are enrolling at CSU this summer are not eligible for CSU administered financial aid, including alternative/private loans. Visiting students should consult their home institution for aid eligibility. You should make payment arrangements, for instance get on the Budget Payment Plan which you will sign up for in CampusNet. For more information about payment options visit the Treasury Services website
I have a brother and a sister who also attend college. Does this impact my federal financial aid eligibility?
Yes. Be sure to include this information on your FAFSA. Your eligibility for federal assistance, as well as the eligibility of both your siblings, is adjusted due to your family having more than one dependent child attending college.
My dad lost his job several months ago and hasn't yet found employment. Can I have my financial aid eligibility recalculated?
Yes. Your federal financial aid eligibility for the school year is initially based on income and asset data from the most recent 12-month calendar year (January through December). However, if you and/or your parent(s) experience a significant change of economic circumstances during the subsequent calendar year, be sure to contact Campus411 All-in-1 in Main Classroom 116, or call 216.687.5411 or 888.CSU.OHIO or email With proper documentation, your federal aid eligibility adjusted. The petition for this can be found on the Financial Aid Forms page.
Will my financial aid be affected if I drop or withdraw from a class?
When dropping or withdrawing from class(es) many things are looked at to see how much it will impact your financial aid. The date of you did it, the amount of credit hours for the class(es), and your last date of attendance in the class(es). Based on this information, you may be required to repay some of the grant and/or loan assistance that was credited to your CSU account for the semester. You should contact Campus411 All-in-1 in MC 112, or call 216.687.5411 or 888.CSU.OHIO or email to find out specifically how you will be affected.
I'm planning to withdraw from all of my classes at CSU. How does this impact my financial aid?
According to the date you withdrew (and your last date of class attendance), a portion (or all) of the federal grant and loan assistance that was credited to your CSU account for the semester may have to be returned to the U.S. Treasury. If money is returned, it will create a balance in your account and you will be responsible for paying that money to CSU.
What is Verification?
Verification is a federal financial aid requirement in which the federal processor randomly selects FAFSA student/families for a comparison of the information that they listed on their FAFSA with information reported on the tax return(s), as well as, other information the applicant self-reported on their FAFSA.
I've been selected for verification three years in a row. What am I doing wrong? Why do I keep being chosen?
Each year, the US Department of Education will select FAFSA applicants to verify their income as reported. Also, CSU may select students, if we find conflicting information. Make sure that your information is complete and consistent.
Do I need to give CSU copies of tax transcripts?
You should request a copy of your Tax Return Transcript after you file your tax return. It can take up to 10 business days from when you make your request to receive a copy which will delay awarding your financial aid if you are selected for Verification. You will be notified by CSU if you need to submit photocopies of your (and often your parents') federal income tax transcripts. You can take them to Campus411 All-in-1 or fax them to 216.687.9247. Please retain copies of any federal tax transcripts, untaxed benefit statements and asset information that you used to complete your FAFSA. Forms for verification are available to download.
Should I turn in copies of my tax transcripts when I file my FAFSA?
No, do not turn in your tax transcripts until you are required to which will only happen if you are selected for verification.
What happens after I submit the required documents to CSU?
The review of comparing the student's FAFSA information with the IRS tax information and other required documents begins once all documents are received by CSU. If there is a mistake on the FAFSA, CSU will correct the error(s) and forward the information to the federal processor. The corrections may cause a change in the student's financial aid eligibility.
What happens if I decide not to turn in the required documentation?
If you fail to submit all the required information, the Financial Aid Office cannot determine your eligibility for federal and state loans and grants. It is recommended that a student turns in all required verification paperwork to CSU as quickly as possible. This will enable the Financial Aid Office to provide you a Financial Aid Award in a timely manner. Families who have filed extensions or who are self-employed and file their federal taxes later in the year are not excused from submitting required documentation for verification.
What do I do if my family has a change in income after I filed the FAFSA?
Do not make any changes to your FAFSA once you have successfully used the IRS Data Retrieval Tool. If you have a change or a correction to make on your FAFSA, please contact Campus411 All-In-1 Enrollment Services. We can then determine the best course of action.
If you have experienced a change of income from what you earned/received in 2011 to a loss of income in 2012, you may be able to file a Special Circumstance Petition | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '325', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9491425156593324}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '61387', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E3QWCTVAIOJKDAISKLCLJMBNPRUHXDYZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8cf3e774-9bae-4938-8448-8910c3f9dae9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 23, 9, 21, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '137.148.18.47', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3NP6QHFHL2AUCOFN77NFO2UXZ3TSWARI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:67830a9f-b6b0-41ae-a590-0f74e548bb0b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.csuohio.edu/financial-aid/financial-aid-frequently-asked-questions', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a320a3ba-adae-4c93-846e-dcffcaa9f717>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2654', 'url': 'http://www.csuohio.edu/financial-aid/financial-aid-frequently-asked-questions', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02019786834716797', 'original_id': '25450a2c54ceb2b20141d2fb407bc2e82349cde50629d54082afa516f7cdb5e5'} |
Q:
FileNotFoundException and file path
Exception:
Could not load file or assembly
'file:///C:\Program%20Files\Microsoft%20Visual%20Studio%209.0\Common7\IDE\Projects\SourceCode_TradeProcessor_branch\BIN\FxGate\LoaderService\Plugins\FixExchangeProvider\FixExchangeProvider.dll'
or one of its dependencies. The system
cannot find the file specified.
code:
parserPlugin = Assembly.LoadFrom(_transport.Path);
The filepath exists. Is it because of path format or what?
A:
"...or one of its dependencies". Check if the dll's your assembly references are in the same folder.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3695455a85f47b94f4eff5c1baa91bfb657e8ecc44ec532d9aba2949a8f252e8'} |
Die Brandenburg-Rundfahrt ist ein ehemaliges deutsches Straßenradrennen. Veranstalter ist der Radsport Brandenburg e. V.
Das Etappenrennen wurde durch den Verein Radsport Brandenburg e. V. veranstaltet und gehörte zur U23-Radbundesliga. Es wurde 2001 erstmals ausgetragen. Nach den ersten drei Austragungen pausierte die Rundfahrt drei Jahre lang, 2007 jedoch wurde der Rennbetrieb wieder aufgenommen. Das Rennen fand jährlich im September statt und beinhaltet neben flachen Rundstreckenrennen und Etappen mit mittelschweren Profilen auch Zeitfahren. Die Rundfahrt führt überwiegend über schlechten Straßen in Brandenburg, mitunter führt der Kurs auch durch das angrenzende Polen.
Im Jahre 2008 fand die Rundfahrt vom 9. bis 14. September statt. Es gab fünf Etappen, die in Spremberg, Senftenberg, Guben, Velten und Templin starteten. Der Gewinner war wie im Vorjahr der Olympiateilnehmer und Silbermedaillengewinner von Peking Roger Kluge.
Im Jahr 2009 musste die geplante Rundfahrt aufgrund fehlender Unterstützung durch Etappenstädte und Sponsoren abgesagt werden, auch später kam es nicht zu einer Neuauflage.
Sieger
2008 Roger Kluge
2007 Roger Kluge
2004–2006 nicht ausgetragen
2003 Jean Nuttli
2002 Timo Scholz
2001 Christian Lademann
Weblinks
Straßenradrennen in Deutschland
Etappenrennen
Ehemaliges Straßenradrennen
Erstveranstaltung 2001
Letzte Veranstaltung 2008 | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg-Rundfahrt', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Brandenburg-Rundfahrt', 'creator': 'https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg-Rundfahrt&action=history', 'language': 'German', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '183', 'token_count': '377', '__index_level_0__': '38539', 'original_id': 'c41d073f2288ba571aa672c1f7cb4d3a25afad22e85786ed2bba0468ab87bc9b'} |
miércoles, 22 de abril de 2015
Tourist Packete Chinatown
Like Little
India, Chinatown is the result of a policy of ethnic segregation maintained by
the old English colonizers. When Sir Stamford Raffles began planning urbanism
Singapore, awarded to the Chinese minority (ethnic majority today) throughout
the region southwest of Singapore River (Singapore River). Within this region,
each Chinese clan was located in a different area.
Singapore
City
Although the
Chinatown Singapore is in a city where 70% of its population is Chinese, is an
ethnic neighborhood that offers an excellent opportunity to savor the cultural
and ethnic blends that are the trademark of the nation to while the living
legacy of the Chinese people, one of the ethnic groups that form the backbone
of the country's history visit.
Thian Hock
Keng Temple, Singapore
In
Singapore's Chinatown visitors will find a lot of Chinese heritage but
important touches of Indian and Malay legacies. In a neighborhood whose old
houses contrast with the neighboring skyscrapers financial district, providing
a stunning backdrop background for the region.
Among modern
buildings is the Singapore City Gallery, a museum located in the region of
Chinatown, contains a giant model of the city. Another highlight of modern
architecture icon is the impressive set of social housing Pinnacle Duxton of.
Chinatown,
Singapore
Besides its
own attractions, from Chinatown location provides an excellent base for
exploring Singapore, both taking advantage of the excellent subway system as
trekking through neighborhoods neighbors as the Business District, the Civic
District and the Singapore River.
Chinatown
comprises five districts: Telok Ayer, Bukit Pasoh, Tanjong Pagar, Kreta Ayer
and Ann Siang Hill. Although all districts have some point of interest, the
heart of the district is in Kreta Ayer, next to the Chinatown Metro station and
between Eu Tong Sen Street Street and South Bridge Road.
Chinatown,
Singapore
The Street
Mosque Street, Pagode Street, Temple Street and Smith Street have a very
colorful environment. As many of these streets has recently been restored old
houses look beautiful, reflecting the different architectural styles
characteristic of the neighborhood.
In Chinatown
are several major shopping centers such as large Yue Hwa Chinese Products
warehouse, which in its five plants contain all kinds of products of Chinese
origin or the great People's Park Complex.
In every
street there is predominantly Chinese restaurants. The street becomes Smith
Street, where the afternoon, a hawker falls in the Chinatown Food Street,
outdoors in the heart of Chinatown. The Maxwell Food Centre, more organized and
traditional style, is a worthy representative of the hawkers whose category
also includes the Chinatown Complex Food Centre.
Sri
Mariamman Temple, Singapore
A little
surprised to learn that there are two spectacular Chinese temples in Chinatown:
the oldest and equally interesting Thian Hock Keng Temple Buddha Tooth Relic
Temple (said housing as a tooth relic of the Buddha) and. But also in Chinatown
is one of the most beautiful Hindu temples, the Sri Mariamman Temple and two
leading centers of Muslim worship, Jamae Mosque mosque and shrine Durgha Nagore
Shrine.
The color
and effervescence of Chinatown becomes even more interesting during the
celebration of Chinese New Year and other holidays in the Chinese calendar
(take a look at our Events Calendar).
Besides its
own attractions, by its location and infrastructure Chinatown has qualities
that credited as an excellent base for exploring Singapore, leveraging its
excellent subway system, the ability to walk neighboring regions such as the
Business District, Civic District and Singapore River besides the good hotel
offer. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a67b92a02db24acb43f4cf76c7b207a82c314fdf89aa880ed6490d0541c85815'} |
The Innkeepers is a pedestrian ride
The Innkeepers – 2011
Written and Directed by Ti West
Starring Sara Paxton, Pat Healy, Kelly McGillis
There’s a deliberate method to The Innkeepers that reminds me of a time, in the late ’70’s and early ’80’s, when people of limited means and imaginations made movies for regular broadcast television intended to give kids a scare, but not too big of one. The elements are here for something very scary, if not altogether unique and original. What we get in the end are two below average actors (Healy and Paxton), one truly good actress (McGillis), and a long, drawn out, exposition leading to a couple slightly chilling moments, and not much else.
Paxton plays Claire, a young person who is too old for high school but not doing much in the college arena. She and Luke (Healy) have inexplicably been left to fend the desk at The Yankee Pedlar during its last opening weekend. Where is the owner? Some tropical vacation spot. Why is he not here? I assume it’s because the movie did not have the budget for another actor.
The movie starts with Claire arriving to work to see an already bored Luke working on his computer. He is working on a website for ghosts, knowing the history of the place that they work. He says that he has seen them here before. When she looks at his computer while he sleeps, she sees porn throughout his laptop’s history. This is played off for a “big” line later. These days, someone looking at a computer and not finding porn is the bigger surprise. It’s stuff like this that makes the movie feel like it’s in a time warp: just not an exciting one.
So from this boring beginning we get more boredom. And more boredom. Then we get Kelly McGillis as, suprise, an aging actress who is here for some mystic conference taking place down the road. She was a mother on some Family Ties type television show that Sara used to really like. Her character’s name, Leanne Rease-Jones, feels a bit like Meredith Baxter-Birney. The similarity is intentional, of course. They talk about it, grow bored, and part. Oh well, it’s nice to see Kelly McGillis again.
There is a really nice sequence in the middle of the film involving a piano and those listening devices that we first saw way back when Poltergeist came out. All these years later and we still use the long microphone, but I digress. This one scene begs for companion scenes, which it does not receive. The end of the film is like something out of Scooby Doo. I won’t tell you why.
Sara Paxton as an actress is a bit like my nine-year old. She is full of expression, but limited on connecting to her character or that of others. The drunk scenes between her and Healy are some of the most awkwardly performed in recent memory. I kept picturing her saying to herself “this is how you look silly,” “this is how you look scared,” “this is how you look reverent,” etc. Healy’s main skill seems to be acting like he can’t act. Why is Kelly McGillis relegated to stuff like this? What a drag it is, getting old.
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Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '9', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.941717565059662}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '116362', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FQY6FVDVO6HVKTH525PG4YA4FBJQOAH6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:146a5bbe-4297-44f2-b9d1-e6b0d24c17be>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 21, 11, 37, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QKV3MOPPFDTTLQZF6AWFRYZQFSCOTGJB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:aa01efec-6ca1-47cb-b41e-00188ea4ed97>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://coolpapae.com/2012/05/05/the-innkeepers-12-is-a-pedestrian-ride/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d5d40add-89a5-4b21-9075-06e10379105c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '561', 'url': 'https://coolpapae.com/2012/05/05/the-innkeepers-12-is-a-pedestrian-ride/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-225-239.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07142990827560425', 'original_id': 'f7013c814f7349a73552745a0bc64e53e9bac90fa038cab0cf6b1515bed090b7'} |
Marxism Essay Research Paper True Marxism Now
Marxism Essay, Research Paper True Marxism: Now And Then “Modern bourgeois society with its relations of production, of exchange and of property, a society that has conjured up such gigantic means of production and of exchange, is like the sorcerer, who is no longer able to control the powers of the nether world whom he has called up by his spells.” The Marxist theory of revolution must be evaluated in regards to its strengths and weaknesses.
Marxism Essay, Research Paper
True Marxism: Now And Then “Modern bourgeois society with its relations of production, of exchange and of property, a society that has conjured up such gigantic means of production and of exchange, is like the sorcerer, who is no longer able to control the powers of the nether world whom he has called up by his spells.” The Marxist theory of revolution must be evaluated in regards to its strengths and weaknesses. First how it was relevant in Marx’s era, second how it was relevant after his death. The two conclusions that could be reached by assessing his theories in relation to early capitalisim and modern capitalisim. Marx had the belief that the evolution of society was a valid philosophical topic, therefore he wrote his utopian ideals of revolution with this in mind. That is the greatest strength of his theories. Marx’s views on Communism are so flexible that they have remained relevant for over one hundred and fifty years now. Most of his writings are structured around the capitalistic trends of his era, but this does not obscure the fact that much of his vision is still relevant and thus strong in theory. However, while some of the great points in Marx’s theory were once relevant, some have simply become out dated. Karl Marx was born on May 5th 1818 in Treves, Prussia. Marx youth was characterised by two basic events: The Industrial Revolution in England, and Great Revolution in France. During the early years of Marx’s life there was a changing trend in the face of production. Due to the invention of the steam engine, and other machines, This created favourable conditions for the centralisation of production into big cities, and a new style of human labor. Laborers went from an almost family like setting assembiling a product in its entirety, to an over packed room working on a production line. A once strong bond between employer and employee completely dissapeared. Workers were treated as possesions, human machines that were barley payed enough to live. This “control, and direction of production by privately owned business organizations”(Webster’s 60) was how capitalisim began. Before Marx was born and up to his manhood there was another historical event that helped mold his beliefs; The French Revolution. “The French Revolution, for example, abolished feudal property in favour of bourgeois property.”(Marx 52) The French Revolution was an upheaval of fuedal society by the workers of France. This idea spread throughout Europe, and upheaval continued in a cycle pattern, and reached its highest point when Marx wasin his early 20’s. These events that were happening all around helped form some of Marx’s views on unstableness of Capitalisim. The history of society and the trends of Capitalisim led Marx to believe that revolution was bound to happen again, and when it did it would turn the world over to
the proletariat. As Marx states in the opening quote of this paper, he belives that Capitalisim will self destruct by creating “too much civilization”(Marx 42). The ever- growing power of the bourgeois will become stagnate. This stalemate will be overcome by enforced destruction of a mass of productive forces. By doing this the bourgeois will begin to cut the foundation from beneath themselves. While trying to advance there situation the bourgeois will force the proletariat to band together like never before. Thus, Capitalism will collapse under the majority of the exploited working class. Many of these ideas put forth by Marx have held true throughtout time and remain relevant today. Marx makes the statement that capitalisim is advanced “by enforced destruction of a mass of productive forces; on the other, by the conquest of new markets, and by the more thorough exploitation of the old ones.”(Marx 42) Although Marx sees this as the start of the downfall, Capitalisim has used a balance of the three to maintain its existance. Capitalism as we know it today truly has relied on these factors through time to maintain its exsistance. Capitalisim must have a lower class in order to survive. The working class has propelled capitalisim through history. Factories are shut down every week, yet unemployment is at a thirty year low. For every opportunity crushed by our capitalistic society there is a new one opening in another area. A blending of the working class with industry and commercial business prduces a fresh, ever changing face to capitalisim. For Marx’s therioies to be fullfilled there must be a stalmate. The relations between working class and employers must break down. I believe through corperations, stock markets, and methods of investing we have found a way to build a more permenant tie between classes. I believe Marx’s Communist Mannifesto has no less importance today as it had in his time, but today it acts more as a document to help regulate Capitalisim and less as one to help bring its downall. In his expectation of the collapse of capitalism , Marx had not considered how resilliente it could become. Capitalism became more complex and Marx suddenly lost many of his major standing points. His initial judgement had been based upon the world as he knew of it, but the world changed as it always does, and so did the role of the working class. It could be said that Marx was partially correct in his assessment of capitalism. Many of the flaws of capitalisim Marx points out still hold true. Although Marx had to many great idea’s to mention, I believe the most serious flaw of his theories is his idea of what would become the ruling class. Instead of an exploited working class majority, Capitalism produced a huge working middle class with an exceptable standard of living. In the end only speculation can determine what the true strengths and weaknesses of Marx’s theory of revolution are; whether Marx would have ultimately been correct had Capitalism as he knew it continued, and only the future can prove whether he will be right should capitalism collapse under its own weight. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd0a54dca69c51b8ad1d5cd3904e5186c12fa011305ba2af210cb1324e0be5547'} |
Effects of small weirs on fish parasite communities.
In this study, we examined the impacts of small weirs on the parasite community of gudgeon and toxostome in a medium-sized river. We tested changes on parasite species diversity using indices that capture both richness and abundance characteristics, and we examined parasite community structure with null models (co-occurrence index C score) and a multiple discriminant function analysis (MDFA). Our results showed that parasite community diversity of gudgeon is strongly influenced by weirs with a maximum diversity upstream of the weirs. Weirs also induce change in abundance of gudgeon parasite species particularly during summer. Nevertheless, we obtained that weirs had no effect on the parasite co-occurrence patterns. In addition, similarity indices indicate that the parasite faunas of newly established limnophilic species (roach and bleak) are host-specific and are rarely transmitted to other fish species. We conclude that fish parasite communities responded in different ways to the presence of impassable weirs, but, in a general tendency, changing environmental conditions induced by weirs may represent an ecological risk. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a5d6fb57fa20158fb4d2f780890d71d19d474063c12c73bde79da13219e60673'} |
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
const contactSchema = new Schema({
name: {
type: String,
required: true
},
email: {
type: String,
match: [/.+@.+\..+/, "Please enter a valid e-mail address"],
required: true
},
message: {
type: String,
},
});
const Contact = mongoose.model("Contact", contactSchema);
module.exports = Contact;
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/zcorpuz/SacMgmt/blob/master/models/contact.js', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'SacMgmt', 'creator': 'zcorpuz', 'language': 'JavaScript', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '49', 'token_count': '134', '__index_level_0__': '17721', 'original_id': '8c9f55367be52ca652bbbe2783ec084cce5a34243e3e7b637cdd9461ac074077'} |
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30 Saddest Moments In TV 10-1
October 24th, 2013 by Al Keenan the Bald Gamer Dude 1 Comment
As Europe once sang “It’s the final countdown”.
You voted, put in your opinions and fought with each other. This list is by no means completley correct it is just the views of the FTN staff, FTN friends and some avid readers.
If your personal favourite never made it in then let us know what it was. You never know we might do this again one day.
10. Over The Wall (Blackadder Goes Fourth S01E06 ‘Goodbyeee’)
What: Blackadder was an original British comedy when that still meant something, it essentially followed the lineage of the Blackadder family patriarch through the years. Blackadder Goes Fourth is based in the trenches of World War I.
The Moment: After failing to trick the general into thinking he had lost his mind Blackadder and his men decide to follow the generals order for the big push towards the Germans. In doing so they all get shot and fall down dead, the scene then fades out the trenches then fades to a poppy field.
Why it’s Sad: The futility and pointlessness of war. Never has there been a war like WWI, a brutal, awful stain on history. So many people list their lives and Blackadder for all its silly comedy does a great job of immortalising these heroes who did what they could and sometimes followed orders that would get them killed.
9. Daryl Sees Merle as a Walker (The Walking Dead S03E15 ‘This Sorrowful Life’)
What: The popular comic book turned TV show sees a group of people try to survive in a zombie apocalypse.
The Moment: Merle has decided to go from being a horrible person to sacrificing himself, leading the walkers and the governor’s men to him for an OK Corral style standoff. When he dies he is inevitably turned into a walker when Daryl his brother finds him. What follows is Daryl having to kill his already dead brother then break down in anger and tears.
Why it’s Sad: Daryl is a much loved character in the show and he never shows that amount of emotion, he is essentially a big tough guy which makes it all the harder to watch him breaking down, showing just how horrible this world they live in really is.
8. Ben Sullivan’s Death (Scrubs S03E14 ‘My Screw Up)
What: Scrubs was once a massive comedy which was a sort of parody of the hospital dramas like ER. It was renowned for the amazing sarcastic wit of Dr Cox and the vivid crazy imagination flashes people had.
The Moment: Ben Sullivan is Dr Cox’s ex-wives brother, despite that they are very close. Ben was diagnosed with leukemia but went into remission and now is back for a check-up. When Dr Cox has to go out he leaves JD in care of his patients. When he returns JD tells him the patient had a cardiac arrest and died but we assume it was another patient as Ben is still there talking to Dr Cox.
At the end of the episode Dr Cox is standing in a suit and JD walks over to him, Dr Cox is still talking to Ben when JD questions him, he turns around to find Ben gone and figures out he is at Ben’s funeral.
Why it’s Sad: Ben was a likeable character and seemed to cheer Dr Cox up. The fact is we want to hold onto those we love forever and sometimes find it hard to let go, he hadn’t accepted Ben’s death and that’s why he was still there. It’s hard to let go but in the end we have to.
7. One Last Miracle (Sherlock S02E03 ‘The Reichenbach Fall)
What: A reimagining of Sherlock Holmes in modern London
The Moment: Sherlock has apparently leaped to his doom to save his friends, John Watson has seen his friend lying on the ground covered in blood and it comes the day to bury him. After the ceremony Watson stands at the grave and bend down, he quietly asks Holmes to perform “One last miracle, be alive”. The camera pans back and we see Sherlock standing behind a tree watching his friend.
Why it’s Sad: The emotion that Martin Freeman portrays at this point is astounding. We form close bonds to our friends and even although Holmes and Watson don’t seem like the best of friends they really do need each other. We know Sherlock is still alive but seeing the hurt and pain in Watsons face and the need for his friend to come back is heartbreaking.
6. Not Penny’s Boat (Lost S03E22 ‘Through the Looking Glass’)
What: A show that revolves around survivors of a plane crash on some mysterious island. It was once the biggest show on TV but has dwindled in popularity since its end.
The Moment: Charlie unblocks the signal jammer in the looking glass station but in doing so seals his own fate. Locking the door to save the others and remaining in place to fulfil his destiny, all to save Claire and Aaron. He speaks to Penny through the computer who tells him it is not her boat offshore and in his last moments he writes on his hand ‘Not Penny’s Boat’ to warn the others.
Why it’s Sad: Another beloved character takes the plunge (sorry) and in such a heroic if albeit stupid way. He is fulfilling Desmond’s prophecy to save Claire and Aaron and at the same time trying to warn the others. For a character that came full circle from drug addict to hero it’s a sad way to die.
5. Buffy’s Mum Dies (Buffy The Vampire Slayer S05E15 ‘The Body’)
What: A show that revolved around a teenage girl who was a vampire slayer and her friends as they go through high school, college and eventually adult life.
The Moment: Buffy comes home and finds her mum lying there cold and dead on the couch. She tries to revive her but cannot. The saddest part is probably Anya’s speech “Anya: I don’t understand how this all happens. How we go through this. I mean, I knew her, and then she’s- There’s just a body, and I don’t understand why she just can’t get back in it and not be dead anymore. It’s stupid. It’s mortal and stupid. And-and Xander’s crying and not talking, and-and I was having fruit punch, and I thought, well, Joyce will never have any more fruit punch ever, and she’ll never have eggs, or yawn or brush her hair, not ever, and no one will explain to me why.”
Why it’s Sad: Joyce was a great character and seemed like a brilliant mum, they really played a great card with Anya because she doesn’t understand human things as she used to be a demon, it’s a really good look at death and how horrible it really is. She says what we are all thinking when someone important dies.
4. Wills Dad Leaves Again (The Fresh Prince Of Bell-Air S04E24 ‘Papa’s got a brand new excuse’)
What: The launch of Will Smith’s career, a comedy about a young boy from Philly who moves in with his Aunt and Uncle in the affluent area of Bel-Air.
The Moment: Will’s Dad who has been absent from his life for 14 years comes back and spends some time with Will, they talk about taking a trip together but in the end his Dad leaves him again. Will angrily goes into a long speech about how he doesn’t need his father, at the end he breaks down crying and says to Uncle Phil “Why don’t he want me man”.
Why it’s Sad: For a comedy show they did have their serious moments but none more so than this. It is some of Will Smiths best acting and he brings a whole new level to his character. Even for someone whose father never left it is heartbreaking to watch Will realise he doesn’t need his Dad but fail to understand why his Dad can just walk away. If you aren’t reaching for the tissues after this one you are a monster.
3. The Doctor Wipes Donna’s Memories (Doctor Who S04E14 ‘Journey’s End’)
What: Only one of the most popular shows being made in Britain right now. The story follows a time lord in his adventures across time and space, usually involving saving humans.
The Moment: Donna Noble has just taken on the consciousness of a time lord, saved the universe and the Doctor. In doing so she put herself in danger and now her mind is degrading, to save her the Doctor has to wipe her mind of everything they have done together, she looks at him and says “We were going to be together forever” knowing that she must go.
Why it’s Sad: Donna went from the most annoying companion to one of the most loved, she has just saved everyone and realised her potential but now that will all disappear. It is hard seeing her at the end being back to her obnoxious awful self. We loved the Donna transition and nothing is more hurtful than seeing her as that person again.
2. Dr Sam Beckett Never Returned Home (Quantum Leap S05E22 ‘Mirror Image’)
What: A show about a man who can time travel within his own timeline, leaping into the bodies of others in order to help them or someone around them.
The Moment: Sam has leaped into himself on the day of his birth in a mysterious bar, what follows is him questioning why he leaps and how it’s possible, questioning God and fate. He decides to fix Al’s life by leaping to Al’s wife who is dancing on her own, he tells her Al is alive and will be home, she is to wait for him.
Once he leaps again the credits come up telling us Al and his wife remained happily married for 40 years and that Sam Beckett never returned home.
Why it’s Sad: It’s hard to say if it’s the fact Sam never made it home and is still out there helping people or that he decided to help Al whilst jeopardizing his own future.
There has been a lot of conversation about this episode since it aired but one thing is for sure, we will miss Sam.
1. Seymour Waits For His Master (Futurama S04E07 ‘Jurassic Bark’)
What: A show about a pizza delivery guy who accidently gets frozen to thaw 1000 years later.
The Moment: Fry finds his fossilized dog and wants to clone it. When he finds out it is 15 he decides to stop the process thinking since he only had Seymour until he was 3 that the dog wouldn’t remember him and probably moved on.
A flashback show Seymour never left the front of the pizzeria, eventually closing his eyes forever at age 15.
Why it’s Sad: Seymour was so faithful he never left thinking his master would be back soon. Non animal lovers may not understand this but the loyalty of a pet stands above a lot of things, in real life this is seen time and time again with dogs never leaving their masters grave side. Proving a dog is for life and not just a few years. I can’t write anymore, tears are dripping onto the keyboard…
So that’s the list. What did you think?
Did your favourite make it onto the list?
Have we missed something fundamental out?
Do you want more lists like this?
Let us know in the comments.
• Anonymous
Some really profound TV moments poorly captured by a terribly written article.
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Business Health Miscellaneous Mobile Phones Networks News
Three Italia to be bought out by Telecom Italia
This isn’t exactly surprising news for anyone following the telecoms situation in Italy, but Three hasn’t have a great deal of success since entering the Italian market, prompting speculation that they could soon be bought out. That speculation has only increased recently, since Telecom Italia confirmed that contact had been made between the two companies, when a spokesman said “The contacts are in such immature and preliminary status that the company cannot further comment on the news”.
The failure of Three (Hutchinson) to really penetrate the Italian market can be summed up by looking into the numbers. With a rather impressive 6.7 million subscribers to the service, it looks enough to sustain a business, but when you take into account the 32.1 million subscribers of Telecom Italia and the 26.3 million and 21.6 million of Vodafone and Wind respectively, you start to see the uphill struggle they face.
Couple their subscribers issues with the uncertain future of economies in the area and you start to see a picture of a company that would welcome a potentially exit strategy in the form of a buyout. The word “merger” is being branded around, but I’d imagine that the head offices of Hutchinson would prefer to close the book on their involvement in the Italian market, handing subscribers and employees to Telecom Italia instead.
Just how the deal will be ironed out is yet to be confirmed, but with talks scheduled for April 11th 2013, we’ll likely know sooner rather than later.
Business Health Miscellaneous Mobile Phones Networks News
EU roaming to increase customer satisfaction
Some of you may be aware that the European Commission passed a law in 2012 to bring the prices of roaming within the EU down. This will then allow those who use a network based in the EU to visit neighbouring countries and not have to pay extortionate fees to use their handsets. As a result of this pending law, which will start to come into effect as of July 1st 2014, almost 75% of telecoms professionals believe that consumer satisfaction will increase.
In an attempt to bring the Eurozone closer together and make it more appealing and easier for people to cross borders, it is believed that the law will also see an increase in the amount that people use their phones abroad. However, when factoring in the decreased prices, just less than half of the individuals surveyed believed that revenues for the networks would increase, meaning that over half also believe that the networks are the ones who will lose out as part of the legislation.
As a counter strategy to make it easier for consumers travelling within the EU, over 60% suggest that simply increasing the visibility of usage to customers will increase customer satisfaction, and not result in lost revenues. By using Apps, professionals also believe that they can make it easy for users to purchase add-on packages that bring the overall cost of their usage down, but also convenient and simple for them to do.
Overall, there have been 3 top strategies suggested and the senior marketing manager at Openet, Corine Suscens suggests that “by combining them, operators will not only offer customers the level of control that they crave and which has been a barrier to data roaming usage, but also maximise revenue potential by making purchasing very easy and convenient”.
This information will be available in the Intelligence Indsutry Survery 2013, when published.
Source and Image
Business Health Miscellaneous Mobile Phones Networks News
Telecoms providers potentially merging in Europe
Joaquin Almunia, EU Competition ChiefThis is the news that has filtered out of a meeting between some of the bosses of Europe’s largest Mobile phone networks and Joaquin Almunia, the European Union’s competition chief. The bosses in the meeting included those from Deutsche Telekom (Germany), Telefonica (Spain), France Telecom and Telecom Italia, which suggest just how large such an allegiance could result in.
The idea itself aims to pool together the infrastructure owned some of Europe’s largest network providers, which is currently spread between dozens of independent providers in the 50 European countries. The result would then be similar to the North American and Chinese markets, where operators offer services through a handful of infrastructure.
Such a radical change in the way Europe currently independently operates would of course take a long time to make a reality, but the result would see single prices being offered across Europe for phone and Internet services. This could potentially mean lower prices for consumers and more focus on customer-centric businesses, where quality of customer support would become a major differentiating factor.
In its current state, the European networks are seeing a decline in revenues, coupled with the large debts that the infrastructures hold. Therefore, with the idea of a cross-border network being on the cards, new investment would be welcomed, along with a diversified risk of the debt becoming unsustainable. However, someone close to the meetings mentioned to the FT that “Objections won’t come from Europe, they will be from the [EU’s 27 national] regulators.”. This puts the idea at risk from conception, however, if the gains are both apparent for both consumers and businesses, the idea will surely become to fruition at some point. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9610047340393066}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '52643', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NOM55TL52KFWDHN755DUGZ5JHCMMCGJI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a1390fbd-1eed-43f4-9389-3dc024075688>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 7, 16, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.214.24.216', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:47ABCDNGKL3YHVE4HRYAZIQIBSBW6VSH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8f189e47-7a9e-4e18-8d4a-4f36fff12d6f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://dialtosave.co.uk/tag/italy/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0d8ade0b-6311-49c4-9f3f-b893c4c6fc03>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '883', 'url': 'https://dialtosave.co.uk/tag/italy/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-167.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.035593509674072266', 'original_id': '1c3b3636ad19757159c1f128fa3c6043bbde4e09e2a776769e81886e1949389b'} |
Skyfoiled: Naomie Harris is shocked to find out her Oscars dress idea has been done by Emma Watson
We break the bad news to Bond actress Naomie about her Ferrero Rocher wrappers frock
There's only one thing worse than turning up on the red carpet wearing the same dress as someone else... finding out your Oscar dress idea has already been done. It’s a fashion fail of Katie Price proportions.
Bond actress Naomie Harris now feels as uncomfortable as Victoria Beckham in flats about her Oscar frock thanks to us. Erm, awks.
She revealed her plans to go “eco” and wear a frock made from recycled sweet wrappers courtesy of Vivienne Westwood when she attends the film bash next weekend. The only snag is Harry Potter actress Emma Watson got there first. And we had to break the news.
Naomie said: “I’ve been having fittings for the dress this week and it’s fabulous, designed by a guy called Michael Badger from Ghana who won the Red Carpet Green Dress Challenge. He is lovely and based his design on a volcano and flowing lava. He didn’t know I was going to be wearing it when he won and they flew him to London so he could be there for my fitting.” This, she added, was at Vivienne Westwood HQ, where it was being made. “I’m really into sustainability and recycling and this is a great way to show it.”
And then we dropped a style bombshell the size of Sarah Jessica Parker’s cupboard... she’s not the first to wear a dress which looks like Ferrero Rocher wrappers – another Brit A-lister did last a couple of years ago. Eeek.
Getty
Emma in "Ferrero" dress in 2009
Naomie’s face fell faster than a Bond villain dispatched with a Walther PPK when we showed her a picture of Emma’s gold outfit.
She said: “Oh my goodness it is a bit similar, I can’t believe she’s done it first.”
Then, quickly regaining her composure (what a pro) she added: “Obviously, mine is more of a gown rather than a party dress. I kind of wish you hadn’t shown me but good researching skills.” Why thank you.
While Naomie is comfortable dressing up, she’s revealed she’s not that happy stripping off. Talking on a train, renamed Skyfall to promote the release of the DVD and Blu-ray tomorrow, she said: “I don’t think as an actress you should have to resort to nudity. I told Michael Mann, the director of Miami Vice, I wouldn’t do it.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4a596689ffbda532c159be0491330dfd1b0162adf4f560cb15b04421cb56d157'} |
Yusaku Maezawa, the Japanese billionaire named by Elon Musk as the first passenger that SpaceX will send to the Moon, has announced that he'll be holding a contest to find someone to take with him as a 'life partner'.
The 44-year-old entrepreneur is going to become the first civilian passenger to take a journey around the Earth's only natural satellite in 2023 on SpaceX's Starship rocket.
Incidentally, as well as being the first ever commercial trip, Maezawa's journey will also be the first lunar journey that any human has made since 1972.
Announcing his plans online, he said that he wants to find a 'special woman' who will share his journey and - you'd have to think - the experience of a lifetime.
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Yusaku Maezawa. Credit: PA
Well, it's a hell of a date, isn't it?
So, with that in mind, he's asked for women to apply for a 'planned match-making event' on his website.
No idle scrolling through Tinder for Yusaku.
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Well, to be fair to him, he's going to have to spend a journey of around 385,000 kilometres with the chosen person. When you think about that, there's no point in being hasty.
He's heartbroken, too.
Maezawa recently split from his girlfriend, 27-year-old musician Ayame Goriki, so he's single and ready to mingle on the way to the Moon.
Listen to his pitch.
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[WANTED!!!]
Why not be the 'first woman' to travel to the moon?#MZ_looking_for_love https://t.co/R5VEMXwggl pic.twitter.com/mK6fIJDeiv
- Yusaku Maezawa (MZ) 前澤友作 (@yousuck2020) January 12, 2020
He said: "As feelings of loneliness and emptiness slowly begin to surge upon me, there's one thing that I think about: Continuing to love one woman.
"I want to find a 'life partner'.
"With that future partner of mine, I want to shout our love and world peace from outer space."
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Sound like a decent enough pitch? If you fit the criteria, the lucky space traveller could just be you.
First off, you have to be a woman who is single and over the age of 20.
Oh, and you have to be always positive and - of course - have an interest in going into space.
If you fit the bill, and - crucially - are interested in hurtling out of our atmosphere with the kind of man who arranges a contest to find a girlfriend for a space mission, then you've got until 17 January to sign up.
Advert
SpaceX tests one of their Falcon 9 rockets. Credit: PA
Maezawa will be making the final decision on who will accompany him into orbit by the end of March.
As for the mission itself, the Japanese billionaire - who used to play in a hardcore punk band - says that he'll also be bringing a team of artists with him as well.
While it hasn't been disclosed how much he's paid to become Musk's first passenger, Elon himself said that it was 'a lot of money'. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f8d7b181c89653725ca3da72ab2cedc6b85e26076a8213e9cdd615f4087345dd'} |
Why he left Shiism?
بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم
Why a knowledgeable Shia on a Shia forum left Shiism and came to true Islam, the Quran and Sunnah. He was asked by few Shias to explain the reason for leaving their sect. Alhamdulellah, the brother explained really well and mentioned some of the reasons.
All praise be to Allah (swt), he guides whom he wills. We pray to Allah (swt) to guide all of them towards the truth, the path of Prophet Muhammad (saw), his Ahlulbait and Companions.
I am just going to quote his full post without leaving anything or adding anything.
[Start of Quote]
Uffo.. ok FINE. I’ll post some here. : P
1) [edit: I have removed #1. I was asked about my feelings, and so I presented my subjective thoughts, which some people took offence to. For more peaceful dialogue, insha Allah, I have removed it]
2) Many of the past scholars beleived in tahreef, and they are not condemned by contemporary scholars. They are, in fact, highly respected and their books are treasured. Also, most of the contemporary scholars believe in ‘tahreef bit-tarteeb’ which is tahreef in the arrangement of the Quran (e.g. Syed Seestani, Syed Ali Milani, the Ahlul-Bayt World Assembly). Many shia members here also believe in this tahreef.
For example, here are the words of Faidh Al-Kashani:
والمستفاد من هذه الأخبار وغيرها من الروايات من طريق أهل البيت عليهم السلام أن القرآن الذي بين أظهرنا ليس بتمامه كما أنزل على محمد صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم بل منه ماهو خلاف ما أنزل الله ، ومنه ما هو مغير محرف ، وأنه قد حذف منه أشياء كثيرة منها اسم علي عليه السلام ، في كثير من المواضع ، ومنها لفظة آل محمد صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم غير مرة ، ومنها أسماء المنافقين في مواضعها ، ومنها غير ذلك ، وأنه ليس أيضا على الترتبيب المرضي عند الله ، وعند رسول صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم واما اعتقاد مشايخنا (ره) في ذلك فالظاهر من ثقة الاسلام محمد بن يعقوب الكليني طاب ثراه أنه كان يعتقد التحريف والنقصان في القرآن لأنه روى روايات في هذا المعنى في كتابه الكافي ولم يتعرض لقدح فيها مع أنه ذكر في أول الكتاب أنه كان يثق بما رواه فيه
And the words of At-Tabarsi:
إن الكناية عن أسماء أصحاب الجرائر العظيمة من المنافقين في القرآن ، ليست من فعله تعالى ، وإنها من فعل المغيرين والمبدلين الذين جعلوا القرآن عضين ، واعتاضوا الدنيا من الدين
3) The shia system of hadith is just… … HMM
There seems to be no methodology adapted. Many a time, sahih ahadith are discarded because they go against ‘common’ practices/beliefs. Many (MOST) a time, weak ahadith are simply picked out of hadith books and are accepted.
Here are the words of Hurr Al-Amili, in Wasa’il Ash-Shi’a, 30:260-61:
ويلزم بطلان الإجماع ، الذي علم دخول المعصوم فيه ـ أيضا ـ كما تقدم .
واللوازم باطلة ، وكذا الملزوم .
بل يستلزم ضعف الأحاديث كلها ، عند التحقيق ، لأن الصحيح ـ عندهم ـ : « ما رواه العدل ، الإماميّ ، الضابط ، في جميع الطبقات » .
ولم ينصوا على عدالة أحد من الرواة ، إلا نادراً ، وإنما نصوا على التوثيق ، وهو لايستلزم العدالة ، قطعا ، بل بينهما عموم من وجه ، كما صرح به الشهيد الثاني ، وغيره .
ودعوى بعض المتأخرين : أن « الثقة » بمعنى « العدل ، الضابط » .
ممنوعة ، وهو مطالب بدليلها .
وكيف ؟ وهم مصرحون بخلافها ، حيث يوثقون من يعتقدون فسقه ، وكفره ، وفساد مذهبه ؟ !
وإنما المراد بالثقة : من يوثق بخبره ، ويؤمن منه الكذب عادة ، والتتبع شاهد به ، وقد صرح بذلك جماعة من المتقدمين ، والمتأخرين .
ومن معلوم ـ الذي لاريب فيه ، عند منصف ـ : أن الثقة تجامع الفسق ، بل الكفر .
وأصحاب الاصطلاح الجديد قد اشترطوا ـ في الراوي ـ العدالة فيلزم من ذلك ضعف جميع أحاديثنا ، لعدم العلم بعدالة أحد منهم ؛ إلا نادرا .
ففي إحداث هذا الاصطلاح غفلة ، من جهات متعددة ، كما ترى .
وكذلك كون الراوي ضعيفا في الحديث لا يستلزم الفسق ، بل يجتمع مع العدالة ، فإن العدل ، الكثير السهو ، ضعيف في الحديث ، والثقة ، والضعف غاية ما يمكن معرفته من أحوال الرواة .
ومن هنا يظهر فساد خيال من ظن أن آية ( إن جائكم فاسق بنبأ ) [ الآية (6) من سورة الحجرات (49) ] تشعر بصحة الاصطلاح الجديد .
مضافا إلى كون دلالتها بالمفهوم الضعيف ، المختلف في حجيته .
ويبقى خبر مجهول الفسق :
فان أجابوا : بأصالة العدالة .
أجبنا : بأنه خلاف مذهبهم ، ولم يذهب إليه منهم إلا القليل .
ومع ذلك : يلزمهم الحكم بعدالة المجهولين ، والمهملين ، وهم لا يقولون به .
ويبقى اشتراط العدالة بغير فائدة .
الخامس عشر :
أنه لو لم يجز لنا قبول شهادتهم في صحة أحاديث كتبهم ، وثبوتها ، ونقلها من الأصول الصحيحة ، والكتب المعتمدة ، وقيام القرائن على ثبوتها ، لما جاز لنا قبول شهادتهم في مدح الرواة ، وتوثيقهم .
فلا يبقى حديث ، صحيح ، ولاحسن ، ولاموثق ، بل يبقى جميع أحاديث كتب الشيعة ضعيفة
He is clear in point out that weakness and the ‘fakeness’ of the system, and that it was created as a defense reaction at the criticism of the sunnis that they have no system, and that if the system was actually applied, only a handful of ahadith would prove to be sahih, hasan or muwathaq.
And here are the words of Ayatullah Brujerdi (Taraif al-Maqal 2:380):
أخبار المحمدين بصحة ما في كتبهم جميعا في حيز المنع ، سيما مع ملاحظة إدراجهم الضعاف فيها بل هي أكثر ، ولعل الصحيح المعتبر المدرج في تلك الكتب كالشعرة البيضاء في البقرة السوداء
which rougly translates to: “To believe in the authenticity of the narrations reported by the Muhammads is impossible, especially with the reports of weak narrators among them. Rather, the weak are far more (than the authentic), whereas the authentic ones in those books are like the white hair on a black cow.”
4) The ghulat tendencies of the contemporary Ithna ‘Asharis!! :( There are many beliefs and practices among the current shias, that the earlier shias woulda found, just.. :blink:. For example tatbir (hitting your head with a sword), adding the wilayah to the adhan believing it to be wajib (Shirazi and another ayatollah whose name I do not recall), etc..
Look at what Allamah Ja’far Subhani says in his Kulliyat Fi ‘Ilm ar-Rijal:
وقد عرفت أن التضعيف بين القدماء لأجل العقيدة لا يوجب سلب الوثوق عن الراوي، لأن أكثر ما رآه القدماء غلوا أصبح في زماننا من الضروريات في دين الإمامية
Which roughly translates to: “You’ve known that the mechanism of weakening based on the Creed among the early scholars does not necessarily deprive the narrator of his trustworthiness. This is because what the early scholars have considered exteremism (Ghuluw) [in the past] became in our contemporary time an indispensible part of Imamiyah religion”. Trust me, there are many practices/beliefs of the shias that others just can’t belieeeeve. Even I couldn’t, as a shia.
For example, matam was unanimously considered forbidden in the earlier generations, but now it is seen as one of the ‘best deeds’ and the rewards promised for it are quite grand indeed.
e.g. Sheikh Mufid considered it haram, and declared that it was an ijma’ (a concensus of the scholars of his time) that it was haram. Look at what Ayatollah Muhammad Al-Husaini Ash-Shirazi said in Al-Fiqh (15:253): لكن عن الشيخ في المبسوط ابن حمزة بالتحريم مطلقاً
As one last example, I will present the words of Sheikh Saduq, who was vehemently against the practice of adding the wilayah in the adhan, firmly calling it the practice of the ghulat (extremists) and the mufawwadah.
“The mufawwidah, may God curse them, have forged traditions and have inserted additions to the adhan. Thus, some of them add Muhammad and the house of Muhammad are the best of creation, twice. And in some of their quotations, after I witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God, I witness that Ali is the wali of God, twice. Some of them state, instead of that, I bear witness that Ali is truly the Commander of the Faithful, twice. There is no doubt that Ali is the wali of God, that he is truly the Commander of the Faithful and that Muhammad and his house are the best of creation, but all this is not in the original adhan. I have mentioned this so that those who are suspected of tafwid and who with deception include themselves in our community may be made known.” (Man la yaduruh al-faqih, 1/188-189)
5) The misrepresentations and misquotations by shias: This is something that I find both the shias and salafis do. They incorrectly cite and misrepresent texts from the opposite side. My first disappointment was with Teejani, who has just too many lies, misquotations and misrepresentations. Sadly, I do not see him condemned or rebuked by the shia scholars for this. His books are, on the other hand, listed on all the major shia websites. My second gripe was with “A Shi’ite Encyclopedia” which again contains way too many misquotations and misrepresentations. The works of scholars should not be like this. They should present the TRUTH, and if it is not on their side, they should refrain from presenting it at all, as opposed to manipulating it.
My last, and major, gripe was with scholars like Syed Ali Al-Milani, who is a teacher at Qum, and his books are filled with lies and misrepresentations. Anyone who is curious, should go to http://www.aqaed.com and download his books. Everytime you see a reference, check it up. You will be disappointed. I certainly was… given that it wasn’t an ‘e-shia’ doing this, but a respected scholar.
6) The ‘evolution’ of shi’ism: What shi’ism is today is different from what shi’ism was right after the ghaybah. And what shi’ism was then, was different from the shi’ism of the early salaf. Shi’ism (in its present form) did not crystallize until very late, and if I may be bold enough to say this – it still has not crystallized. So what shias beleive today, may very well be discarded tomorrow.
The very concept of the shias regarding imamate, has changed. To me, this includes infallibility, the limitation to the number ’12’, their obedience being absolute, etc.
For example, Muhammad Abdullah ibn Yafur, a prominent scholar of Kufa (Najashi 213, Kashhi 162), who was very close to imam Ja’far (Kulayni 6:464 and Kashhi 10) was praised highly by the imams. Imam Ja’far was completely satisfied with him (ibid 246, 249, 250). But Ibn Yafur simply considered the imams to be ‘ulema abrar atqiya’ – pious God-fearing scholars. And as Syed Al-Badri argued, there is a different between a ‘alim and a rabbani. It is interesting to note that a number of anti-ghulat showed up at Ibn Yafur’s funeral, showing the popularity of the idea in the early shia community. These shias were labeled by the extremists as muqassireen, shia murijites, or having sunni inclinations.
Another famous scholar, Ibn Qiba Ar-Razi held the same view (Naqd Kitab Al-Ishha 34). He was a figure so high in the shia community that Najashi, Tusi and Hilli put his name in the beginning of the list of authorities of the shia school, who agreement was essential for ijma’ (concensus) for any religious question (Shafi 1:127 and 2:323). Interestingly, Ibn Qiba maintained that what happened at saqeefah was merely an error, and did not even reach the level of fisq, let alone kufr or nifaq.
As for the beleifs of the Mufawwidah, there were mass-adopted after the death of imam Ridha (a). And yet, the scholars of Qum STILL did not beleive any of these lies and forgeries. In fact, they began to label anyone who attributed supernatural qualities to the imams as ghulat and would expel them (Majlisi 52:89). (Interestingly, many shias today do not have a problem believing the imams teleported because they were made of light). Many hadith transmitters were banished because of their reporting of ahadith that were pro-ghulat and pro-mufawwidah. Haqaid al-Iman 150-51 attributed this opinion to many early imamites and says that many of them did not believe in the imams’ ismah (Abu Ali 45:346, bahrul-Uloom 3:220)
These, and many internal and external contradictions continued to the time of imam Asakari (a). I have raised some concerns in my “The Twelve Imams” thread, and other threads, as well.
It seems that the early stages of the shia imami school were very tubulent, with history and hadith being recorded much later, and being reviewed and reinterpreted even later. We do not have any relics of ‘ithna ashari shia’ beliefs from the early times. On the other hand, the abundant relics that we do have, point in the other direction.
I hope no one took any offence, as none was intended.
I was asked to present my points, and that is all I did.
[End of Quote]
Filed under Articles, Hadith science, Revealing Shia sect
23 responses to “Why he left Shiism?
1. abe parker
in short, thats his personal experience of observation, but as myself, someone from a sunni background, his reasoning and some observations are flawed, but if it made him a better person, let him go well,
2. I have written extensively in this forum and if the misguided were receptive to the truth they would have realised their folly and good sense prevailed , but if they could not correct themselves in the most important of the wazoo , the practice of which in ahle sunnah is clearly wrong. I have seen that for some there had no argument so they simply mistranslated the Aayet while it is simply “wash your face and hand and masah your head and legs “. See the
clear wrong translation they do “wash your face and hands , masah your head and wash your feet . Give this peace to any non sunni translator or put to google translate or any other system the translation will be former , universally practiced by shia, sunnis go as far as masah over the socks ,(what a non sense) even on the shoes even if it is not sure whether the shoe is made of a haram animal or a filthy dead animal and the moment the wet hand touches the surface of the shoes , hands automatically become polluted. I am giving in continuation an article from my multiply site and is there on the face book too by a very eminent , very well known EX Sunni Arab cleric and researcher and publisher who ultimately took up the Shahadah of Wilayet e Maulae Kaenaat,
Khalifatul momeneen wa Muslemeen, successor of Nabi (saaws) bila fasl . If
this article by the eminent Allamah Sheikh Jehad Ismail on the greatest of all Islamic Eids , the Eid e Ghadeer e Khum, do not open the eyes of misguided majority , no amount of proofs and argument will be able to bring them on the
raah e mustaqeem.
3. Salams to All my brothers and sisters. Sorry for the late post but I was out of intenet access. I wish to extend a very happy and belated Eid Al-Ghadeer to you all. May this event bring love, peace and understanding among our beloved community world wide. Please read this article below from a revert perspective on Eid Al-Ghadeer. It is amazing
Eid al-Ghadeer: the Culmination of Islam
As a revert to Islam, Eid al-Ghadeer…[THE REST OF YOUR COMMENT IS REMOVED BY THE ADMIN]
P.S. Ghadir Khum has nothing to do with this article.
4. Allah Akbar.
May Allah (swt) have mercy on this brother for choosing the right path, the Path of Paradise, the path of Quran and Sunnat.
May Allah guide all Shia to the right path. Indeed, they are misguided.
5. Brothers/Sisters let me quote what he said in point 1 before editing it.
Brother ‘tahasyed’ wrote:
1) 1) The fact that the ‘general message’ of the Quran seems soooo different from the ‘general message’ of shi’ism.
e.g. Quran: Believe in Allah, the Prophet, do good deeds, pray, don’t wrong others, believe in al-qiyamah, etc..
Shi’ism: Believe in wilayal, the infallibility of the ahlul-bayt, the universe being created for them, loving them and cursing their enemies.
Yes, these are the ‘general messages’ of the two.
Allah Akbar. He explained it brilliantly. This is the difference between the People of Sunnah and the Shiites.
• Shia Islam is following real Sunnah of Nabi (saws) who said “inni tarekum fi saqlain , Kitab Allah wa Itrati , so only those are real muslim who keep tammassuk with Ahlebayt (a s) and Holy Qora’an. Those who ignore qora’an
even in their daily prayers as their Namaz is thrown on their face because of their faulty wazu , which is not according to holy qora’an but according to Umar bin Khattab’s innovations . Washing of legs instead of mash is haram.
Those who follow the tyrant Kholafa e salash who were usurpers , killers, Embezzellers for whom ummul momeneen titled Nathal, Wajibul Qatl can not be muslims who believe Rasool e Akram (saws) married a 6 year old girl and because of these sunnah haddes maaz Allah Dushmanan e Islam blasphemy and call him nauzobillah Peodophile .
As for as convertion, all stories can be only false and fabricated if any one says any shia aalim converted to Sunni Islam , it is such impossibility as some one say today the sun rose from the West.Yes a large number of real Aalim great sunni researchers embraced Shia Islam like Allamah Sheikh Jehad Ismail , born in Lebnon, studied in Al Azhar and now one of the greatest Orator
of Fadzael e Ahlebayt athaar (a s ) in English , Arabic , Urdu and Persian. I have myself listened his majalis this year in Sydney , Subhaan Allah , what eloquence. Jazaka Allah , See how a man born destined to go to jahannum
enlightened and now enlightens many others towards the rah e mustaqeem . If you want to learn true Islam , open http://www.YouTube.com and write in the subject
“Sheikh Jehad Ismail” will find scores of his enlightened Speeches , May Allah
give this great Aalim ex Ahle Sunnah great Taufiqaat many folds. Aameen.
• I don’t understand why you keep posting irrelevant issues in your comments.
Regarding the wash of the Feet. Those who don’t understand Arabic will say lets rub our feets but those who know Arabic will wash their feet like the majority of Muslims.
Let me show your SAHIH SHIA Hadeeth about Washing feet in Wuzuu:
==> Imam Abu Abdullah said:
إِنْ نَسِيتَ مَسْحَ رَأْسِكَ حَتَّى تَغْسِلَ رِجْلَيْكَ فَامْسَحْ رَأْسَكَ ثُمَّ اغْسِلْ رِجْلَيْكَ .
“If you forgot to wipe your head, and washed your feets, then wipe you head and wash you feets(again)”.
Al-Kafi 35/3 ==> Authenticated by al-Majlisi 13/113
==> Ali [as] said: …. I sat for Wudhu (ablution) in front of Prophet [saww]…. and (when) I washed my feet, Prophet [saww] said to me: O Ali! do khalaal (i.e. wash inside) within the fingers, so that the fire (i.e. hell-fire) could not do khalaal. [Al Istibsar, 1/66 – Tahdhib-ul-Ahkaam, 1/93]
• Arabic is not someones jageer that you usurp in what ever way you want . Wazoo is described in clear terms , Sincerely you do the translation of the wazoo portion of Sura e Maida . Most translation done by sunnis are distorted Why believe me , put the passage to any translation process , say ‘google translate’ you will find how wrong you all have been since time immemorial.
It is simply two wash and two Masaah . Some of the sunni translator put wash in the bracket because the word wash is not there at all. I have quoted many sunni ahadees on how Rasool Allah (saws) did wazoo. Washing of legs is a clear innovation and any innovation in ahkam e Shariyah is haram . Then if washing is necessary, where from the absurdity of Masah on shoes and socks come from ? Put a little common sense if there is any .
6. You are entitled to laugh on the mention of ‘Google Translate’ but this fake site Islamistruth always speak nonsense , they are always trying to twist and turn the simple matter because their maslak are doing so from time immemorial , how they can admit they were all WRONG . That cancels their peeran e peer’s 1400 years of prayers , actually that is the problem , it is not wash or wipes .
They make fun of Google translate ha ha ha and right they are, some times their translations are to such an absurdity that you can not make out anything , but they are a giant , they are not fools , they have done an unimaginable lots of work , their literal translation can not be wrong but translations from one language to other is extremely complex , so making fun of them is showing ones own ignorance. Arjulikum and arjulakum make no difference in the hukm for wash and wipe and then let them tell me O K wash your feet then where
from comes the WIPE on socks and shoes permitted in Ahle Sunnah , which can be termed as the highest absurdity . There can be a scene that you have , without knowing really are wiping on shoes which is made of ‘murdaar haram Janwar’ Astaghferullah.
Sorry if I had to repeat some statements to stress my point in.
7. A knowledgeable Shia person will be the last person on this globe who will convert to Sunni mazhab provided :
He / She is an insane person , well not in his or her senses . He don’t talk nonsense while he is breathing his last.
There is no love angle or a triangle and is mad for money and someone offering plenty and very weak aqidah overpowers . Even a consort of an immaculate infaallible Imam could succumb the temptation of a queedy
offer and married to a big Ruler however Fasiq o fajir he may be . .
Please , I request , give me just one name , telephone number or e-mail address of a literate Shia , not a resident of a mental asylum , who has converted from Shiaism to Sunnism in this wide wide world .
• A shia who understands the Quran will leave shiism.
• A Sunni who understands the holy Qora’an even a bit will leave Sunnism-Wahabism -Salafism, at least he will start doing the wazoo in the correct way though his peers have ben performing the wazoo the wrong way for centuries .
This is not only a reply but a sympathetic suggestion for your better hereafter.
Listen to it or ignore at your own peril.
8. Rasool Allah (saaws) said ” they will never be seperated with each other”
Qora’an and Ahlebayt athaar (a s ) So the followers of both are the shia ,those who can’t even perform wazoo as per Qora’an and have thus lost
all their prayers claim they are the real muslim , what fun.
• Claiming that Shiism and Shias follow Ahlulbayt (ra) is a slander and insult to Ahlulbayt (ra).
• Shia Converts – Millions converting to Shia Islam around the globe
by hasnain
http://youtu.be/QWBt5gUTIV8 Summer Lily Wrote: Oh what a powerful speaker the Syrian Mufti Ahmad Hassoum is! This is what he says in his sermon: For tens of years, despite being a student, I never heard from any of my teachers that on the day of Ashoora, a catastrophic tragedy occurred in the Islamic World. Why did […]
Read more of this post
• Ahamdis/Qadianis also claim they growing in millions in Africa and other places.
Different cults same lies!
Watch this:
30 TOP SHIA STUDENTS of QOM after going to Makkah and the city of the Prophet (saw), al-Madina, embraced correct Islam.
Shia Ayatollah himself admits:
9. Pingback: Questions on Imamah and 12 Imams by a former Shia – part 1 « EXPOSING & ANSWERING SHIITES
10. Salam Alaykum,
The difference between the Shias and the Sunnis (in emotive terms) is the difference between a “romantic” (i.e. romanticist) view of Islam, and the “realist” (i.e. practical reality).
The Shia views that there is an “Infallible Imam” supernaturally guiding all matters for the Ummah and making the Ummah arrive at the absolute truth, while the Sunni says that such a view does not correspond to reality, and that the most that can be hoped for is an approximation to the truth through the study and analysis of the texts.
While the Shia view would seem to be more in tune with the way people would wish for things to be, the Sunni says that it is only that a “wishful thinking”, and that the Ummah is meant to deliberate, study, analyze, and not rely on “Infallibles” to supernaturally fix everything for them. As the history of the Shias itself shows, the Sunni view is much closer to the ground reality of the Islamic community and its practical needs.
11. Haq
It is very laughable to see that Muslims are fighting on the “correct meaning” of the Qur’an and how to pray or do ablution correctly.
So who is on the right side, Shias or Sunnis?
If my verdict (of whatever it is worth) goes towards Shia’s then the Sunni will say that I am a Shia and vice versa.
I do not know if I am a Shia or a Sunni, I am a Muslim. There is no Shia or Sunni in the Qur’an. There is but Muslims.
As Muslims, we can’t afford to stand alone and turn our glorious religion into man made Cults.
Unfortunately so, Shia brothers are doing that exact same thing, You are making a cult of our religion.
At the line above, I am immediately branded as Sunni and no Shia would put any weight to whatever I have to say.
Just think of this, I am a someone who talks to Christians and Jews and refutes their claim that the Qur’an is fallible and is man made, how do I feel when my Shia brothers say that Qur’an is bended and twisted and you make interpretation of the Qur’an that even some Christians use as a stick to poke us with?
Your claim that the Qur’an is produced by the Caliphs and is bent to suit their needs is a claim from the Enemy side, it’s an allegation that Qur’an is subject to corruption.
So can I safely deduce that the Shia are the enemy of the Ummah as well?
You know what, same thing happened to Christianity. After Jesus left this earth, there appeared a false apostle named Paul or Tar’sus. He made his own theology and spread his new theology to the Pagan Romans which Jesus strictly instructed his disciples not to do.
This person branded the original disciples of Jesus as hypocrites and made it so that the Roman would only follow his theology, it was possible because the original disciples of Jesus were busy preaching among the Jews, as commanded to them, so spreading a false belief was no problem, and this man had serious clashes with the original followers of Jesus since the theology was nothing what Jesus had taught. Unfortunately, since Jesus’s pupil never preached to the Romans, their number increased and about 70AD all of the Jews and the followers of the disciples, who were moderate Jews and believed themselves to be a sect of Jews, revolted against Romans and got wiped out, so all that remained is the Christianity that that false apostle was spreading among the Romans. (which still prevails today)
I said what I said cause this is relevant to the Shia and Sunni story.
This Jew pretending to be a Muslim spread that every Prophet has a successor, and the successor to Muhammad(SAW) is Ali(RA).
Now comes a very crucial part, there is nowhere in the Qur’an that says that Ali is the Successor, it only says to follow Allah and his messenger.
So The only thing left to us by Muhammad(SAW) is the Qur’an, which he made sure was correct during his lifetime, and the Hadith.
You are now telling me that the 3 “drunk” Caliphs have tweaked the Qur’an to suit their needs?
Then I would say this with Hiqmah, Surah 2, verse 111, which actually deal with Christians and Jews, I can use it against you as well,
So come now, if this Qur’an is false and man made, then Go on, produce your own Qur’an, I challenge you you won’t be able to. There are some 10 Million Coptive Christians in Egypt, whose mother tongue is Arabic, though they weren’t able to meet the challenge. The style of the Qur’an even amazes the staunchest Christians, the beauty and it’s rhythm is the base of Arabic language.
I just read another Article where one of the Shia’s Imam said to a person reciting the Qur’an that that isn’t the original, and someone will come to expand the Qur’an and that it’s 3 times the volume.
Alas, this heretic doesn’t know, and how could he know? This was discovered in the Computer age, some 40 years ago, that the Qur’an is secured by a mathematical formula, for which you can’t add nor take away a single letter from the Qur’an, also discovered by a Christian who converted to Islam. Which is also in accordance with the verse in the Qur’an where Allah says that he has brought down the Qur’an and he is the one to protect it.
Also, it is clearly written that Allah says in Qamar 54:32 “And We have certainly made the Qur’an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?”
So there isn’t an Imam coming to fix the Qur’an. We have what we have, and we will be held accountable for it. If the Qur’an and Sunna way is false, then I will quit being a Muslim. We are to follow the Sunnah, not some random Imam who are infallible while the Qur’an remains subject to fallacy!
So if my Shia brothers are claiming things like this, can I safely assume that you are an enemy to the Ummah? Cause this sort of claim comes from Christians and Jews, and most certainly most of them are our enemies.
Also, don’t squabble on Wad-uh and pity little things. Follow the Sunnah left in the Hadith. Do not say bad things about the Caliphs, without them Islam would not have spread, do not forget that they are also honored companions of Muhammad(SAW) as Ali(R) was. There is no preference over the other. Salam.
End note:
The Qur’an is the Criterion, if there is any mistake is it (there is none, nor any human inventions), then I won’t blame the Christians and the Jews in denying it. I would blame Allah that he didn’t give me proper guidance. It’s not possible, so think before you become all prejudiced and say something against me.
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Two dead after apparent murder-suicide in east Orange County
The Orange County Sheriff's Office has identified one of the shooting victims in an apparent murder-suicide in the Conway area Thursday night.
Patricia Hitt Kilgast, 55, was shot to death by her husband — who has not been identified — some time before 4 p.m. in the 4000 block of Evander Drive, according to Jeff Williamson, an Orange County Sheriff's Office spokesman.
Kilgast's brother-in-law told investigators his brother had just called, saying he killed someone and was about to kill himself,
When deputies got to the scene, they managed to get the man on the phone, but shortly after he dropped the phone and deputies, still on the line, heard a single gunshot, according to an official statement released by the Sheriff's Office.
When they entered the home, investigators found Kilgast and her husband dead in the garage. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7980f8ad55554db1e20fa3a5ff97bf8cdf2d250e99ea49137a1e63958bc33beb'} |
Introduction
============
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family consists of at least 23 structurally related zinc-dependent endopeptidases enzymes, sharing several specific functional and structural components. These enzymes selectively break down many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) releasing growth factors and cytokines, and play a key role in many constitutive processes, including embryogenesis, normal tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. Over the years, several studies have indicated that enzymes such as MMPs are the primary mediators of the microenvironment changes seen during cancer progression.^[@R1]^ They have a significant role in pathological conditions, such as atheroma, arthritis, cancer, and tissue ulceration, as well.^[@R1]--[@R5]^ Furthermore, due to their proteolytic activity, they are very important in tumor invasion and metastasis, being overexpressed in several types of human cancer. Also, they are accountable for regulating pathways of cell growth, survival, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which are crucial factors for tumor progression.^[@R6]^ Concerning the subtypes of MMP involved in cancer progression, MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been associated with tumor aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and poor prognosis in malignant neoplasms.^[@R2],[@R7]^ They are overexpressed in breast, brain, ovarian, pancreas, colorectal, bladder, prostate, lung cancers, and melanoma.^[@R8]^ MMP-9, however, is also responsible for releasing several extracellular matrix factors, which promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis and tumor growth.^[@R9]^ In this regard, the inhibition of MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 activity, as potential treatment for tumor progression, would be highly desirable. Amongst all, MMP-9 is particularly involved in inflammatory processes, bone remodeling, and wound healing. It is also implicated in pathological processes such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, tumor growth, and metastasis.^[@R10]--[@R12]^ Difference in production levels of regulatory mechanisms of MMP-9 subsequently results in restricted, extensive, or improperly timed degradation of extracellular matrices.^[@R13]^ The role of MMP-9 in many pathological diseases has laid a foundation for the identification of selective inhibitors. The structure of the MMPs includes a signal peptide, a propeptide, a catalytic domain with a highly conserved zinc-binding site, and a haemopexin-like domain, which is linked by a hinge region.^[@R14]^ The structure of the catalytic domain of human MMP-9 (without the fibronectin repeats) consists of 5-stranded-sheet and 3-helices, which is similar to other MMPs. The catalytic center is composed of the active-site zinc ion, which is coordinated by 3 histidine residues (401, 405, and 411) and an essential water molecule.^[@R15]^ MMP-9 is illustrious among the other MMPs by the incidence of 3 head to tail cysteine rich repeats which resemble fibronectin type II repeats. This insert is mandatory for their interaction with substrates like gelatin, laminin, and collagen.^[@R16]^
A wide range of medicinal chemistry approaches can be applied for designing new drug candidates, identifying potential hits, and accelerating the optimization of potential leads. Quantitative structure--activity relationship (QSAR) formalisms, for instance, are among the promising approaches in computer-assisted drug design (CADD) employed in the drug discovery process. Nowadays, structure-based drug design, molecular docking, and virtual high-throughput screening are widely used tools in the drug discovery. However, pharmacophore based drug design has proved to be a more efficient technique for the identification of potential new drug-like candidates, as this method provides the information about key structural features (in the form of an active pharmacophore) which are essential for biological activity. In modern computational biology, pharmacophores based approach is used to delineate the essential features of ≥1 molecules with the same biological activity. The pharmacophore based modeling of ligands is a well-established approach to quantitatively discover common chemical features among a considerable number of structures. Pharmacophore mapping can be used in designing the inhibitors in several ways, including justification of activity trends in molecules, searching of databases to find new chemical entities, and to identify important features for activity.^[@R17]^
In 2003, Aranapakam et al^[@R18]^ reported N-hydroxy-α-phenylsulfonylacetamide derivatives (HPSAs) derivatives as the inhibitors of MMPs. These novel HPSAs derivatives were potent inhibitors of MMP-9, MMP-13, and moderate inhibitors of MMP-1. The selective inhibition of these compounds against gelatinases thus motivated to select these inhibitors to reveal the selectivity profile against MMP-9 and this can give clear picture on designing of molecules selectively towards MMP-9. Several studies of the relationships between MMP inhibitors and the structural features have been published.^[@R19]--[@R23]^ Previous reported studies discussed various linear and non-linear QSAR^[@R24],[@R25]^ approaches against MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, however, 3D-QSAR approach was not discussed. It was reported that the inhibitors of MMP-9 were potentially valuable for arresting tumor metastasis and also the inhibitors of MMP-13 could protect the cartilage degradation associated with osteoarthritis.^[@R25]^ In this study, we have focused to design 3D-QSAR models against MMP-9 and to the best of our knowledge, no 3D-QSAR investigations for such kind of compounds have been reported till date. In the present study, a pharmacophore based drug design approach was used to identify the common set of features amongst a group of MMP-9 inhibitors resulting in development of a common pharmacophore model helping in the prediction of binding interactions with the MMP-9 enzyme. Furthermore, to uncover the important structural features responsible for the higher activity against MMP-9, we have performed 3D-QSAR studies on HPSAs.
Materials and methods
=====================
Software and hardware
---------------------
The pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR studies were carried out using PHASE version 3.0 as implemented in the Maestro 8.5 modeling package from Schrodinger, Molecular Modelling Interface Inc., LLC, NY installed on a Pentium IV 3.06 GHz, Core 2 Duo Quad PC with Windows 7 operating system.^[@R26]^
Dataset for analysis (biological data set)
------------------------------------------
The experimental dataset comprising of a series of 80 HPSAs derivatives was taken from the literature.^[@R18],[@R25]^ These compounds were discovered by Aranapakam et al^[@R18]^ as MMP inhibitors and were used for the present study. In this study, two separate models were developed against MMP-9, that is, QSAR model I was developed for compounds 1 to 33 and QSAR model II was developed for compounds 34 to 80. In total 27 molecules were selected for QSAR model I, whereas 47 molecules were selected for QSAR model II. The in vitro biological activity data were reported as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC~50~). The IC~50~ values were converted to pIC~50~ using the formula (pIC~50~ = −log IC~50~). The dataset consisted of diverse range of molecules with highly active, inactive, and moderately active molecules. Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} represents the common structure of the HPSAs derivatives employed and Tables [1](#T1){ref-type="table"} and [2](#T2){ref-type="table"} represent the substituents and the pIC~50~ values for all the compounds involved in this study. Out of 27 molecules used in the development of QSAR model I, 20 molecules were randomly chosen as training set and 7 molecules were selected as a part of test set, whereas out of 47 molecules used for the QSAR model II development, 37 molecules were randomly chosen as training set, and 10 were selected as a part of test set.
{#F1}
######
Chemical structures of HPSAs derivatives (compounds 1--33) employed for 3D-QSAR study along with predicted and actual pIC~50~ values against MMP-9 QSAR model I.
######
Chemical structure of HPSA (compounds 34--80) employed for 3D-QSAR study along with predicted and actual pIC~50~ values against MMP-9 QSAR model II.
Phase methodology
-----------------
"PHASE is a highly flexible program for pharmacophore perception, structural alignment, activity prediction and it provides support for lead discovery, SAR development, lead optimization, and lead expansion."^[@R27]^ The step wise methodology used in the current study for the generation of pharmacophore models followed by development of 3D-QSAR models has already been discussed in previous publication by Lather et al.^[@R28]^
### Ligand preparation
The LigPrep software (MMFF force field) implemented within PHASE was used for the 3-D conversion and minimization. All the structures were ionized at neutral pH 7. Conformers for each ligand were generated using ConfGen by applying OPLS-2005 force field method^[@R29],[@R30]^ with implicit GB/SA distance-dependent dielectric solvent model at cutoff root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 1 (MacroModel 9.6 2010) with 1000 iterations using water as solvent.
### Pharmacophore model development
In order to create sites for all the ligands, a pharmacophore model generation uses a defined set of pharmacophoric features. In order to facilitate non-covalent binding between the ligand and its target receptor, each ligand structure coincides with various chemical features. In 3-D space, it is presented by a set of points. "PHASE module provides an in built set of 6 pharmacophore features, that is, hydrophobic group (H), hydrogen bond donor (D), hydrogen bond acceptor (A), aromatic ring (R), positively ionizable (P), and negatively ionizable (N)." During pharmacophore sites creation a default setting having H, D, A, P, N, and R was used and in the present study user-defined feature was not employed.
The pharmacophores were grouped together based on identical set of features with very similar spatial arrangements. A tree-based partitioning technique was used to identify common pharmacophores that groups similar pharmacophores as per their inter-site distances (ie, the site to site distances in the pharmacophore). After application of default feature definitions to each ligand, the common pharmacophores containing ≥5 sites using a terminal box size of 1° A were generated, where all of the active molecules should match. For alignment of the actives to the hypotheses and calculation of the score for the actives a score hypotheses step was employed. A hypothesis was provided by the developed pharmacophore which explained the binding of the active molecules to their receptors. This scoring procedure provides the positioning for the different hypotheses, and helps to make rational choices about the hypotheses which are mostly suitable for further investigations. Common pharmacophores with statistically significant values were chosen for molecular alignments.
### 3D-QSAR
PHASE module provides the basis of building the 3D-QSAR models by using the ligands activities that matches a reported hypothesis. "PHASE 3D-QSAR models are based on PLS regression, which applied to a large set of binary valued variables. In the QSAR model the independent variables are derived from a regular grid of cubic volume elements that span the space occupied by the training set ligands. Each ligand is represented by a set of bit values (0 or 1) that indicate which volume elements are occupied by a Van der Waals surface model of the ligand."
In order to distinguish between different types of atoms which occupy the same region of space, in the grid a given cube might be allocated as many as 6 bits, which accounts for 6 different atoms classes namely: hydrogen-bond donor (D), hydrophobic or non-polar (H), negative ionic (N), positive ionic (P), hydrogen-bond acceptors or electron-withdrawing (A) and other types (miscellaneous) (O).
PHASE generated 3D-QSAR models are either based on pharmacophore or on atoms, the only difference is either all atoms are considered, or only the pharmacophore sites which can be synchronized en route for the hypothesis. The selection of the type of model to develop mainly depends upon the fact that the training set molecules are congeneric and adequately rigid or not. The atom-based model can work well if the structures have some common structural framework and also contain a comparatively less number of rotatable bonds.^[@R31]^
Based on the criteria defined above, 2 atom-based 3D-QSAR models (QSAR models I and II) were generated for MMP-9 inhibitory activities by using the best 5 point AADDR (A-acceptor, D-donor, R-aromatic ring) and AAARP (A-acceptor, R-aromatic ring, P-positive ionic) hypothesis, respectively. The hypotheses were generated using 20 molecule training set for QSAR model I and 37 molecule training set for QSAR model II, and a grid spacing of 1.0 Q. 3D-QSAR models (I and II) with 1 to 3 PLS factors were generated and further, validated with predicting activities of molecules in the test set.
Results and discussion
======================
Pharmacophore hypothesis generation
-----------------------------------
Ligand-based drug design is based on the understanding of known molecules which possesses biological activity to bind to the target of concern. In order to bind to the target, a molecule must possess the minimum necessary structural characteristics and these molecules can be used to develop a pharmacophore.^[@R32]^ The HPSAs derivatives tested as inhibitors for MMP by Aranapakam et al^[@R18]^ were used in the current study to derive the pharmacophore models and to identify the necessary chemical features for the inhibitory effect. The structures of HPSAs employed in this work and their experimental values of the inhibitory activities were collected from the literature.^[@R25]^ Previous reported studies discussed various linear and non-linear QSAR^[@R24],[@R25]^ approaches against MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13, however, 3D-QSAR approach was not discussed.
Ligand based approaches consider two or three dimensional shape, chemistry, and pharmacophoric points to assess similarity. For identification of the common pharmacophore hypothesis, the experimental dataset was further divided into active and inactive sets. Molecules with pIC~50~ values ≥4.00 were considered to be active, and with pIC~50~ values ≤3.50 were considered as inactive, whereas those in-between were considered to be moderately active for QSAR model I. For QSAR model II, molecules with pIC~50~ values ≥4.80 were considered to be active, and with pIC~50~ values ≤4.40 were considered as inactive, whereas those in-between were considered to be moderately active. Selected pharmacophoric features for creating sites were A, H, R, N, and D. Pharmacophore models containing 3 to 6 features were generated for this study. The selection of best hypotheses was primarily dependent on best survival score which is a combination of active and inactive survival scores. For all the molecules in the dataset, the identification and creation of pharmacophoric sites was done followed by generation of common 5 point pharmacophore model with AADDR and AAARP hypothesis for MMP-9; QSAR model I and II, respectively. Further, these were subjected to stringent scoring function analysis. The common pharmacophore hypotheses were chosen based on a variant with a site score 0.91, vector score 0.991, and volume score 0.842. The best QSAR model I comprise of 2 hydrogen bond acceptors (A), 2 donors (D), and 1 aromatic ring (R) and was associated with the 5 point hypotheses. The hydrogen bond acceptors, donors, and aromatic ring were denoted as A1, A2, D1, D2, and R1. The best QSAR model II comprises of 3 hydrogen bond acceptors (A), 1 positive ionic (P), and 1 aromatic ring (R) and were associated with the 5 points hypotheses. The hydrogen bond acceptors, positive ionic, and aromatic ring were denoted as A1, A2, A3, R1, and P. Figures [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"} represent the pharmacophore hypothesis (AADDR for QSAR model I and AAARP for QSAR model II) with all active molecules aligned to it. Further, the AADDR and AAARP hypothesis for QSAR models I and II, respectively, matched with all the molecules in the active set. For the generation of MMP-9 QSAR models I and II, the AADDR and AAARP pharmacophore hypothesis were used.
{#F2}
{#F3}
3D-QSAR studies (QSAR models I and II)
--------------------------------------
The 3D-QSAR studies for the HPSAs derivatives series were carried out using PHASE module of Schrodinger molecular modeling package to understand the effect of spatial arrangement of structural features on MMP inhibition. In the 3D-QSAR model generation, moderately active or inactive (non-modeled) molecules in the experimental dataset were aligned on the common pharmacophore hypothesis based on a match with at least 3 of the pharmacophoric features. For a QSAR study, the structural diversity in both the training and test set was given a bias, in order to form the standard 1:5 test set to training set ratio.
Tables [3](#T3){ref-type="table"} and [4](#T4){ref-type="table"} summarize the detailed statistics of the resulting 3D-QSAR models (I and II) based on random test set selection method. Selection of best PLS model is based on an employed statistical analysis which included the *R*^2^ versus root-mean-square error (RMSE)/standard deviation (SD) plot. A minima is observed in the RMSE/SD value and a best model was chosen to be PLS factor model (PLS factor 3). For a reliable model, the squared predictive correlation coefficient should exceed 0.60.^[@R33],[@R34]^ In the selection of best model, criteria such as SD and RMSE were also taken into consideration. The statistically significant regression model was supported by the values of *F* (13.9 and 23.6 for QSAR models I and II, respectively), and small values of *P* (variance ratio), which is an indication of a high degree of confidence. Further, the small values of standard deviation of regression (0.31 and 0.33 for QSAR model I and II) and RMSE (0.32 and 0.37 for QSAR models I and II, respectively) make an apparent inference that the data used for models generation are best for the QSAR analysis. It was further supported by the higher value of the QSAR model stability (0.61 and 0.83 for QSAR models I and II, respectively). A 3-PLS factor generated 3D-QSAR models with *R*^2^ = 0.61 for QSAR model I and 0.63 for QSAR model II (random set selection), indicates a good correlation for the pharmacological activity. Figures [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}(A and B) and [5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}(A and B) depict the linear plots of actual versus predicted activity for the training and test sets. The validity of each of the models was predicted from the calculated correlation coefficient for the randomly chosen test set comprising of diverse structures. The squared correlation for the test set (random selection *Q*^2^ = 0.84 and 0.77 for QSAR models I and II, respectively) also signifies the good predictability of the final QSAR models for the test set. The *Q*^2^ was more reliable and robust statistical parameter in comparison to *R*^2^ as it is obtained by external validation method by randomly dividing the dataset into training and test set. Both the developed models (I and II) will be highly useful for predicting MMP-9 inhibitory activity of new compounds and could help in designing better molecules with enhanced anticancer activity.
######
PHASE 3D-QSAR statistical parameters for compounds 1 to 33 (QSAR model I).
######
PHASE 3D-QSAR statistical parameters for compounds 34--80 (QSAR model II).
{#F4}
{#F5}
Analysis of 3D-QSAR models (atom-based PHASE models)
----------------------------------------------------
The contribution of the substituents to the biological activity, whether positive or negative, could be predicted by the visualization of 3D characteristics of the all atom based QSAR model. Figures [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"} and [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"} depict 3D characteristics of the PHASE QSAR models and as the cubes represent the models and color codes as their coefficient values according to the sign. By default the blue color was for positive coefficients and red color was for negative coefficients. Further, an increase in biological activity was indicated by positive coefficients whereas a decrease in biological activity was indicated by the negative coefficients. In order to identify the characteristics of ligand structures whether to facilitate the increase or to decrease the activity the visualization of the coefficients was helpful. This might provide evidence to which functional groups were advantageous or non-advantageous at certain specific positions in a molecule. In 3D plots of the 3D pharmacophore regions the blue color cubes refer to ligand regions in which the specific attribute was important for enhanced biological activity, whereas the red cubes demonstrated that particular functional group or structural feature was not necessary for the biological activity or possibly the reason for decreased binding potency.
{#F6}
{#F7}
### MMP-9 model (QSAR Model I)
The volume occlusion maps shown in Figure [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"} for MMP-9 atom based PHASE 3D-QSAR (QSAR model I) model (electronegative and hydrophobic) were represented by color codes. The occlusion maps symbolize the regions of favorable and unfavorable interactions.
The volume occlusion maps of electron-withdrawing groups shown in Figure [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}A indicated the suitable position of electron-withdrawing groups attached on the C1 position of the phenyl ring of the HPSAs moiety. The presence of large number of blue cubes due to the presence of number of electron withdrawing moieties such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc. further supported the increase in activity. The analysis was suggestive that the improvements in the MMP-9 inhibitor binding affinity can be achieved by substituting electron-withdrawing groups on the phenyl ring of HPSAs moiety at C1 positions. Also, the positive potential of electron withdrawing attributes of the molecules and was essential for the MMP-9 activity at this particular position. However, other positions were not favorable for the electron withdrawing groups and probably will contribute to decrease in the MMP-9 activity.
Hydrophobic volume occlusion maps (Fig. [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}B) showed blue colored cubes on C1 and C5 positions of phenyl ring demonstrating that an increase in the hydrophobic character in this region probably improved the activity of the HPSAs type molecules. Also, at the C2 (ortho) position the rich density of blue colored cubes was further suggestive of increase in activity. The red colored cubes on C3 positions were not favoring the assignment of hydrophobic groups.
Based upon analysis, the all atom QSAR model I generated by PHASE depicts that substitution at C1 position of phenyl ring played a vital role in the MMP-9 inhibitory activity. The substitutions at other positions, that is, C3 and C6 were not having any significant contribution in the biological activity.
### MMP-9 model (QSAR Model II)
The volume occlusion maps shown in Figure [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"} for MMP-9 atom based PHASE 3D-QSAR (QSAR model II) model (hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrophobic) were represented by color codes. The occlusion maps symbolize the regions of favorable and unfavorable interactions.
Visually, Figure [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}A analysis illustrated the presence of the blue color cubes near and around the hydrogen acceptor site (A1) which positively contributed to MMP-9 inhibition. Further, the presence of blue cubes at C2 position of the phenyl ring was also suggestive of increase in activity. Also the presence of blue cubes near to positive ionic feature described the favorable ionic interactions. The availability of red color cubes at C1 position of phenyl rings resulted in decreased activity.
Figure [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}B illustrates the effect of hydrophobic groups on MMP-9 inhibitory activity. Inference can be drawn from the picture that hydrophobic groups (blue cubes) were well tolerated near C1, C4, and C6 positions of the phenyl ring on HPSAs moeity, whereas the substitution of hydrophobic groups at C2, C3, C5 of the phenyl ring site were intolerable (red cubes) or may hamper the binding of the molecules to the active site receptor which resulted in decreased MMP-9 inhibition.
Based on above analysis, the all atom QSAR model II generated by PHASE depicted that substitution at C1 and C4 by different groups like hydrogen acceptor, positive ionic, and/or hydrophobic groups play an important role in the MMP-9 activity. The substitutions at other positions, that is, C2, C3, and C5 were not having any significant contribution in the biological activity.
Conclusion
==========
The two atom-based pharmacophoric 3D-QSAR models (I and II) were successfully developed for a set of MMP-9 inhibitory activity of HPSAs derivatives. The obtained models exhibit good fitness with the experimental data, with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.61 for QSAR model I and 0.63 for QSAR model II and having hydrophobic and H-bond acceptor and H-bond donor features as crucial parameters for MMP-9 inhibition. Furthermore, cross-validation coefficient (*Q*^2^ = 0.84 and 0.77 for QSAR models I and II, respectively) reflected good predictive power of the models. Robustness of the models was indicated by the higher degree of closeness between experimental and predicted activity. Therefore, the developed 3D-QSAR models (I and II) could be employed to predict MMP-9 inhibitory activity of HPSAs derivatives. This will further add in designing better molecules with enhanced MMP-9 inhibitory activity.
Acknowledgments
===============
The authors wish to thank Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak and the management of JCDM college of Pharmacy for providing the facilities and uninterrupted support to carry out the work. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Authors' contributions
======================
VL recommended the topic, designed the procedures and experiments for the work and supervised the entire study. HD was involved in the instigation of the proposal, reviewed the manuscript decisively, and has provided final version approval to be published. DR performed the in silico studies, completed data analysis, and interpretation of results and arranged the draft of the manuscript. VL improved the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflicts of interests
======================
Authors declare that they have no competing interests. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the research paper.
[^1]: Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.
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Anonymous classes
Returns a new instance of an anonymous (inner) class. The syntax is similar to define-class.
object-field-or-method-decl ::= object-field-decl | method-decl
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Returns a new instance of a unique (anonymous) class. The class inherits from the list of supers, where at most one of the elements should be the base class being extended from, and the rest are interfaces.
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When everyone has a home
Housing advice for Northern Ireland
What is the "bedroom tax"?
The bedroom tax is a reduction in Housing Benefit or Universal Credit for people who live in a property that is owned by NIHE or a housing association and that is too large for their household. Its proper name is the “social sector size criteria”, but most people call it the “bedroom tax”.
The decision maker processing your benefits claim will work out how many bedrooms your household needs. If your home has more bedrooms than this and you receive help to pay your housing costs, the amount of help you get will be reduced.
People who rent from a private landlord only receive enough help for the number of rooms they are legally entitled to, no matter how much the actual rent on the property is. The bedroom tax means that people who live in social housing will come under the same restrictions.
Who is affected by this change?
The bedroom tax will affect people in social housing, who receive Housing Benefit or Universal Credit and who have more bedrooms in their home than they need.
The bedroom tax won’t affect you if you:
• pay your rent without any help from benefits
• are of state pension age
• rent your home from a private landlord or through a private agency
• are living in temporary housing arranged by NIHE
• are living in a home you bought through Co-Ownership Housing.
How does the bedroom tax work?
Your "eligible rent" will be reduced if you are seen to be living in a property that has more bedrooms than you lawfully require. Your eligible rent is the rent due on your home minus any service charges or other costs that benefits won't cover. Your eligible rent is used to work out how much financial help you will get.
Your "eligible rent" will be cut by
• 14% if you have one more bedroom than you require and
• 25% if you have two or more bedrooms over your legal needs.
So, imagine your weekly eligible rent was £70 before these changes and you are a single person living in a 2-bedroom flat. Before this change, you got your full rent paid by Housing Benefit. Under the bedroom tax, you have one spare bedroom and your “eligible rent” will be reduced by 14%. Your new eligible rent figure is £60.20, and that is the maximum amount of Housing Benefit you will get each week.
Who pays the extra money to your landlord?
For the next few years, the money that you lose will be replaced from a separate fund. Politicians at the Assembly have set up a fund to offset these cuts, meaning that most people in Northern Ireland will not actually lose out financially because of the changes. You don’t have to apply for this extra payment. It will happen automatically.
So, in the example above the remaining £9.80 will be paid by the supplementary payments fund and you won’t have to pay any additional rent.
There are some cases where people won’t be able to get this extra money. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '49', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9504551887512208}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51948', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KPLAWQ7WVWUTP244ZSMMII6LA5XNJS4G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c43680a5-7cc8-4cb1-8b4b-9d4178ba94af>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 30, 8, 26, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.167.85', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VWTADEH5NMAIMCNQQU57DZEZAJFVDD66', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ac2056a4-b89f-4205-b543-7d41c229cc8e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.housingadviceni.org/housing-benefit/what-is-bedroom-tax', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f15e5d2-64f6-497a-84f1-5d32a21b2c68>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '544', 'url': 'https://www.housingadviceni.org/housing-benefit/what-is-bedroom-tax', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-50\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-121.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08454775810241699', 'original_id': 'eb3c5810a8c0087d35ae5013e43d56fb87b6ff590ccc58c30da6965080b8e71f'} |
Method for light-tightly enclosing a photosensitive web roll
ABSTRACT
A light-tight enclosure for storing and dispensing a roll of photosensitive web material wound about a hollow cylindrical core having open opposite ends. The enclosure comprises a flexible opaque bag with opposite sidewalls extending between opposing rearward and forward portions and opposing upper and lower portions. Each sidewall has a central aperture therein congruent with each core end. The rearward portion defines a closable opening for receiving the roll. A shallow neck portion projects from the forward portion to an end thereof defining an exit slot for dispensing the web material. A collar fits tightly inside each core end, with an annular flange thereon facing axially outward. An annular ring is attachable to each collar in spaced, inward-facing relation to the flange. The roll is first positioned in the bag, through its closable opening, so that the web material extends into the neck portion and out through the exit slot, and so that a central portion of the collar at each core end projects outwardly through the adjacent sidewall aperture, with its flange left inside the sidewall and facing an annular portion thereof surrounding the aperture. The annular ring is then attached to the outwardly projecting portion of the collar in closely spaced, inward-facing relation to the sidewall annular portion, which is thus loosely trapped between the flange and the ring. The bag opening is then closed, and the bag neck portion is folded back and secured against the bag forward portion.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
Reference is made to commonly assigned, copending, related U.S. patent application Ser. No. 738,720 (60312-01WCD5612), filed concurrently herewith in the names of Clark E. Harris et al. and titled FLEXIBLE LIGHT-TIGHT ENCLOSURE FOR PHOTOSENSITIVE WEB ROLL.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to enclosing photosensitive material, and particularly to a method for light-tightly enclosing a roll of photosensitive web material.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, photosensitive color-print paper has been supplied to minilab stations in either of two ways. In one, the paper is enclosed within a paper bag; in the other, it is enclosed within an injection-molded disposable cartridge. Each protects the paper stock roll therein from physical damage and light. The disposable cartridge is both costly and wasteful. The most popular paper bag must be unloaded in the dark, in order to safely transfer its stock roll to a cartridge used by the minilab. Such work in the dark can be awkward and time-consuming. There has thus been a need for a practical, convenient, and reliable method of light-tightly enclosing a photosensitive paper stock roll so that it can be efficiently supplied to a minilab station without requiring the operator to work in the dark, preferably by an enclosure that can be daylight-loaded into either a minilab cartridge or the minilab machine itself, and preferably by an enclosure that is not only economical to make and use but also readily recyclable for further use of its constituent parts.
In the prior art, U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,424 discloses a generally rigid storage and dispensing magazine for rolled strips of light-sensitive material, comprising a cylindrical housing with inwardly directed core-mounting hubs at opposite ends thereof and a tangentially extending dispensing spout. While the magazine there disclosed may have sufficed for its intended purpose, it does not fulfill the present need set forth hereinabove.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of this invention has been to meet the foregoing need. That object and others have been achieved by the invention herein disclosed and claimed.
This invention finds utility in a method for enclosing a roll of photosensitive web material, to light-tightly store and dispense such material for use in cooperating apparatus, the roll including an elongate strip of the web material wound about a hollow cylindrical core having open opposite ends. This invention, and its objects and advantages, will become more apparent in the detailed description of its illustrated embodiments presented hereinbelow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the detailed description of the embodiments of this invention presented below, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters denote like elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is an exploded partial perspective view illustrating a photosensitive web roll and fragments of a flexible enclosure adapted, in accordance with a first embodiment of this invention, to light-tightly enclose the web roll;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view depicting the flexible enclosure shown fragmentally in FIG. 1, with the web roll fully received therein;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view, taken along line 3--3 in FIG. 2, revealing certain interfitting relationships between the web roll and the flexible enclosure when brought together as depicted in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the flexible enclosure of FIG. 2 when folded about the web roll therein and taped closed;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting the flexible enclosure of FIG. 4 when mounted in a cooperating cartridge, with a neck portion of the enclosure unfolded and operatively positioned to dispense web material from the roll;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a rectangular plastic sleeve from which a flexible bag component of the enclosure is formed;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the flexible bag component formed from the sleeve shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating the flexible bag component of FIG. 7 when fully unfolded to receive the web roll therein as depicted in FIG. 2;
FIG. 9 is an exploded partial perspective view illustrating two other components of the enclosure as configured according to a second (the preferred) embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged, exploded, partial sectional view, taken generally along line 10--10 in FIG. 9, revealing mating relationships of the two spaced-apart components there shown, with part of the flexible bag component disposed therebetween; and
FIG. 11 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 10 but depicting the interfitting relationships among all three components there shown when brought together in accordance with the second embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
Because certain parts of, and methods of making, photosensitive web roll enclosures are well known, the following description is directed in particular to those elements and method steps forming, cooperating directly with, or relating to, this invention. Elements and steps not specifically shown or described herein are selectable from those known in the relevant art.
THE FIRST EMBODIMENT
The first embodiment of this invention is depicted in FIGS. 1-8. FIG. 1 illustrates a roll R of photosensitive web material W intended for use in cooperating apparatus. The web material W may comprise, for example, a wound strip of color-print paper intended for exposure and processing in a minilab facility. Roll R comprises an elongate strip of such material wound about a hollow cylindrical core c having open opposite ends e (only one shown). Core c typically is formed from a paperboard material but may instead be made of extruded plastic.
As depicted in FIG. 2, the flexible enclosure E of this invention is adapted to light-tightly store roll R therein and dispense its web material W for use in the aforementioned apparatus. Enclosure E comprises a flexible opaque bag 10, preferably made from a thin, flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material such as high-density polyethylene approximately 0.005 inches (0,127 mm) thick. Configured to enclose the roll R, bag 10 includes a pair of opposite sidewalls 12 (one shown) extending between opposing rearward and forward portions 14 and 16, respectively, and between opposing upper and lower portions 18 and 20, respectively. Each of the bag sidewalls 12 has a centrally disposed aperture 22 therein (see FIG. 8) that is substantially congruent with one of the core ends e. The bag rearward portion 14 initially defines a closable opening O through which roll R can be inserted into the bag. Bag 10 further includes a shallow neck portion 24 that projects forwardly from bag forward portion 16 to a distal end 26 thereof defining an exit slot s, through which the strip of web material W can be withdrawn from the bag.
As shown most clearly in FIGS. 1 and 3, enclosure E also comprises a pair of flanged collars 28, each including an axially inwardly extending cylindrical portion 30 adapted to fit tightly inside one of the axially outwardly directed core ends e, an annular flange portion 32 that extends radially outward from cylindrical portion 30, to axially inwardly face that core end, and a cylindrical extension 34 that extends axially outward from flange portion 32 and is adapted to project outwardly through the aperture 22 in one of the bag sidewalls 12.
As shown in FIGS. 1-4, enclosure E further comprises a pair of annular rings 36, each being matably attachable to the cylindrical extension 34 on one of the collars 28 in axially closely spaced inward-facing relation to flange portion 32. Each cylindrical extension 34 is provided with means 38, such as a suitably disposed and dimensioned circumferential groove 40 therein, for matably receiving one of the rings in said inward-facing relation to flange portion 32.
In assembling the foregoing components of enclosure E, the cylindrical portion 30 of each collar 28 is first pressed tightly inside a respective one of the core ends e so that the flange portion 32 of each collar closely faces the adjacent core end.
The roll R, with both collars pressed into its core ends as just described, is then positioned inside bag 10, through the closable opening O in bag rearward portion 14, so that a leading end portion L of the web material strip W extends from the roll forwardly into bag neck portion 24 and thence out through exit slot s as shown, and so that the collar at each core end is axially aligned with the aperture 22 in a respective one of the bag sidewalls 12. When roll R is so positioned, the flange portion 32 of each collar lies in axially close outward-facing relation to an annular portion 12a of the respective sidewall 12 surrounding aperture 22, and the cylindrical extension 34 extending axially outward from flange portion 32 projects outwardly through aperture 22.
Each annular ring 36 is then snap-fitted into the circumferential groove 40 in a respective one of the outwardly projecting cylindrical extensions 34, so as to lie in axially close inward-facing relation to the sidewall annular portion 12a surrounding the aperture 22 through which that cylindrical extension 34 projects, whereby each sidewall annular portion 12a is light-lockingly trapped between an axially closely spaced outward-facing flange portion 32 (inside the bag) and an axially closely spaced inward-facing annular ring 36 (outside the bag), as shown most clearly in FIG. 3.
The still-open rearward portion 14 of the bag is then folded and light-tightly sealed closed. The sealing may be achieved conveniently by applying a suitable strip of adhesive tape t (see FIG. 4).
To light-tightly secure roll R inside enclosure E during storage, shipment, and handling, the bag neck portion 24, with the web material strip leading end portion L extending through exit slot s, is then folded back upon itself and secured in a storage position against forward portion 16 by another strip of adhesive tape T (again see FIG. 4).
When enclosure E is to be operatively disposed to dispense the web material strip W therefrom, tape T is removed and neck portion 24 is unfolded from its just-described storage position to a dispensing position wherein the neck portion extends forwardly from forward portion 16 in general alignment with one of the upper and lower portions 18 and 20, preferably upper portion 18 as depicted in FIG. 2, whereby bag 10 when operatively disposed has a generally L-shaped configuration (as viewed from the side).
Because of the above-described closely spaced relationship between each bag sidewall annular portion 12a and the adjacent flange portion 32 and annular ring 36 between which the annular portion is light-lockingly trapped (see FIG. 3), the roll core c, the collars 28 thereon, and the rings 36 on the collars are together freely rotatable relative to the bag. Thus, when enclosure E is operatively disposed to dispense the web material strip, bag 10 remains stationary as the strip is drawn freely from the web roll and out through the exit slot.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the enclosure E with web roll R enclosed therein may conveniently be mounted in a cooperating cartridge 42 adapted for use in a minilab machine. Cartridge 42 comprises a lower housing section 44 and a mating upper housing section 46, which is hingedly connected to the lower housing section for pivotal movement (in the direction of arrow M) from an open position (shown in FIG. 5) to a closed position (not shown) fully enclosing the web roll. It will be noted that the opposing sidewalls of housing sections 44 and 46 are provided with semicircular grooved bearing surfaces 44b and 46b, respectively, which in the closed position form corresponding circular grooved bearings configured to seat a pair of mating hubs 48 (one shown) at the outer ends of tubular spindle means 50. The spindle means 50 is adapted to fit slidably inside the collar 28 at each end of roll core c, and thereby support the collars, the rings thereon, and the web roll for rotation relative thereto. It will also be appreciated that the top-front corner portions 44c and 46c of the two housing sections are configured to provide a cartridge exit port therebetween when in their closed position. A stiff sheet-like member 52 (made of paperboard or plastic) is shown with its rear end 52r inserted under the bag neck portion 24 and its front end 52f disposed on corner portion 44c, to provide support for the neck portion when in its dispensing position, and to support and guide the web material strip leading end portion L in its intended pathway between the neck portion exit slot s and the cartridge exit port. In practice, the leading end portion L is withdrawn beyond corner portion 44c to leave a readily graspable length thereof extending outside the cartridge before the two housing sections are closed. The cartridge can then be operatively disposed in cooperating apparatus, and its web material leading end portion L then connected thereto for intended exposure and processing.
When all of the web material has been withdrawn, the cartridge can be removed from the apparatus, and the exhausted flexible enclosure removed from the cartridge. An advantageous feature of this invention is that the web-roll core, the collars thereon, the rings on the collars, and the flexible bag can all be made from recyclably compatable plastic materials, so that the exhausted flexible enclosure can be readily recycled as a whole, without costly separation and separate handling of its component parts.
Another advantageous feature of this invention is that the light-tight flexible enclosure E with web roll R enclosed therein may, alternatively, be mounted directly in the cooperating apparatus, e.g., a minilab machine, without need of a cartridge. In that application, the flexible enclosure can be mounted in operative relation to structure in the apparatus, analogous to that described above, for locating and rotatably supporting the roll core, for supporting the bag neck portion, and for supporting and guiding the web material strip outside the neck portion.
FIGS. 6-8 illustrate steps involved in providing the flexible bag 10. Those steps include forming a substantially flat rectangular sleeve 60 (see FIG. 6) from a thin, flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material, such as the aforementioned high-density polyethylene approximately 0.005 inches (0,127 mm) thick. Sleeve 60 has a pair of opposing rectangular side panels 62 joined together along bottom and top portions 64 and 66 thereof that extend longitudinally between unjoined front and rear edges 68 and 70. The bottom and top portions 64 and 66 and the front edges 68 together define, respectively, bottom-front and top-front corners 72 and 74 of the sleeve. The bottom and top portions 64 and 66 are folded inwardly toward each other between the side panels as shown.
The next step (see FIGS. 6 and 7) entails removing a lower corner portion 76 of the sleeve (shown in FIG. as delimited by dash-dotted lines) emanating from its bottom-front corner 72, leaving intact an upper corner portion 78 emanating from its top-front corner 74. Side panel edges 80 that result from removing lower corner portion 76 are then joined together (as shown in FIG. 7). Each side panel thus assumes a generally L-shaped configuration 82 that comprises a main portion 84, extending between the now-joined side-panel edges 80 and the still-unjoined rear edges 70, and a narrow portion 86 extending from main portion 84 to the unjoined front edges 68 of remaining upper corner portion 78.
Another step (FIGS. 6 and 7) entails removing a circular portion 88 (shown in FIG. 6 as delimited by dash-dotted lines), substantially congruent with one of the roll core ends e, from a central area of each side-panel main portion 84, leaving a centrally disposed circular opening 90 (FIG. 7), so congruent, in each main portion.
The final step (see FIGS. 7 and 8) involves spreading apart the opposing side panels 62, thereby unfolding the inwardly folded bottom and top portions 64 and 66 therebetween and thus providing the flexible opaque bag 10. The spread-apart side-panel main portions 84 form the bag sidewalls 12. The circular opening 90 in each main portion 84 provides the central aperture 22 in each sidewall. The spread-apart main-portion still-unjoined rear edges 70 provide the bag rearward portion 14 defining the closable opening O. The spread-apart main-portion now-joined edges 80 provide part of the bag forward portion 16. The now-unfolded side-panel bottom and top portions 64 and 66 between the spread-apart main portions 84 form the bag lower and upper portions 20 and 18 respectively. The spread-apart side-panel narrow portions 86 and now-unfolded top portions 66 therebetween together form the bag neck portion 24, and their unjoined front edges 68 together form the neck portion distal end 26 defining the exit slot s. The resulting bag 10, shown in FIG. 8, is then ready for insertion and positioning of web roll R therein as already described with reference to FIG. 2.
THE SECOND (PREFERRED) EMBODIMENT
A second (preferred) embodiment of this invention is depicted in FIGS. 9-11. This embodiment relates to a different way of fastening the ring to its mating collar at each end of the web roll core. In other respects, this embodiment is identical to the first embodiment described above.
FIG. 9 shows, in perspective, a fragment of the web roll R, a flanged collar 100 aligned therewith, and an annular ring 102 aligned with the collar. Collar 100 has a substantially cylindrical extension 103 that extends axially outward from the collar flange portion and is adapted to project outwardly through the bag sidewall aperture. Ring 102 has two diametrically opposed, resiliently flexible latch fingers 104 that extend both radially inward and axially inward (toward collar 100) to engage mating structure on the collar extension 103. FIG. 10 shows, in section, fragments of collar 100 and ring 102 in spaced alignment with a portion of bag sidewall 12' disposed therebetween.
When the collar and ring are coaxially aligned as shown in FIG. 10, a latch face 106 on each latch finger 104 is in position to enter a latch-receiving groove 108 in the collar extension 103. Entry of latch face 106 into groove 108 keeps the ring and collar coaxially aligned while the ring is rotated until face 106 enters a latch-receiving opening 110 in the collar extension. Entry of latch face 106 into opening 110 indicates that the ring and collar are angularly aligned for a further axially inward thrust of face 106, which then follows until latch finger 104 snaps into engagement with a latch-receiving rib 112 on the collar extension. This way of fastening the ring to the collar is especially advantageous when assembling the flexible enclosure in the dark.
To preclude any light-leaking into the bag between the ring and the collar, a continuous tapered rib 114 is provided on the collar to enter a continuous mating groove 116 in the ring, and a continuous annular rib 118 is provided on the collar to enter a continuous corresponding groove 120 in the ring. In this embodiment, the bag sidewall aperture 22' is made somewhat larger then aperture 22 of the first embodiment, in order to accommodate the greater diameter of rib 114; and the rib 118 and groove 120 provide a labyrinthine path in which the sidewall annular portion 12a' surrounding aperture 22' is light-lockingly trapped as the collar and ring together rotate relative thereto.
FIG. 11 illustrates the interfitting and cooperating relationships that result when the components shown in FIG. 10 are fully assembled in accordance with this embodiment.
The second embodiment need not be limited to use of only two latch fingers 104 and latch-receiving openings 110 and ribs 112, as more than two of each in appropriate mating relationship could as well be provided. Also, alternative locations and configurations of the continuous ribs 114 and 118 and mating grooves 116 and 120 could be adopted.
Thus, although the present invention has been described with particular reference to its two embodiments illustrated herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that further variations and modifications could be effected and still fall within the scope of this invention as defined by the claims thereto now set forth hereinbelow.
We claim:
1. 2. The method claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of: unfolding and moving the neck portion from its storage position to a dispensing position, wherein the neck portion projects forwardly from the forward portion in general alignment with one of said upper and lower portions of the bag, to dispense the web material strip therefrom.
3. The method claimed in claim 2 wherein said one of said upper and lower portions of the bag is said upper portion thereof.
4. The method claimed in claim 3 further comprising the step of:supporting the neck portion in the dispensing position thereof.
5. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein:said step of providing the flanged collars includes providing each collar with a substantially cylindrical extension projecting axially outward from the flange portion and having means thereon for matably receiving one of the annular rings in said axially closely spaced inward-facing relation to the flange portion; wherein said step of inserting and arranging the roll in the bag includes positioning the collar at each core end so that the substantially cylindrical extension thereof projects axially outward through the sidewall aperture with which it is aligned; and wherein said step of attaching each annular ring includes matably securing each ring to said receiving means on the substantially cylindrical extension projecting through said aperture, so that each ring lies in said axially close inward-facing relation to the sidewall annular portion surrounding said aperture, and so that each ring and opposing flange portion are together freely rotatable relative to said sidewall annular portion light-lockingly trapped therebetween.
6. The method claimed in claim 5 wherein said receiving means includes a groove in the extension configured to receive a mating portion of the ring, and wherein said step of securing each ring to said receiving means includes inserting said mating portion of the ring into said groove in the extension.
7. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said steps of providing the flanged collars and providing the annular rings include forming the flanged collar and the annular ring at each core end so that one of said collar and said ring at each core end has an annular projection thereon extending toward the other of said collar and said ring, and wherein said other of said collar and said ring has an annular recess therein facing said annular projection and matable therewith to prevent light from passing between said collar and said ring when said ring is in said axially closely spaced inward-facing relation to said flange portion of said collar.
8. The method claimed in claim 7 wherein said one of said collar and said ring at each core end is said collar, and said other of said collar and said ring is said ring.
9. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said steps of providing the flexible opaque bag, providing the flanged collars, and providing the annular rings include providing the bag, the collars, and the rings as made from recyclably compatible plastic materials.
10. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of providing the flexible opaque bag includes providing such a bag made from thin, flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material.
11. The method claimed in claim 10 wherein the bag is made from high-density polyethylene sheet material approximately 0.005 inches (0,127 mm) thick.
12. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of providing the flexible opaque bag includes:forming a substantially flat rectangular sleeve from thin, flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material, the sleeve including a pair of opposing rectangular side panels joined together along bottom and top portions thereof extending longitudinally between unjoined front and rear edges, the bottom and top portions and the front edges together defining, respectively, bottom-front and top-front corners of the sleeve; folding the bottom and top portions inwardly toward each other between the side panels; removing a lower corner portion of the sleeve emanating from the bottom-front corner thereof, leaving intact an upper corner portion emanating from the top-front corner, and joining together side panel edges resulting from removing the lower corner portion, thereby imparting to each side panel a generally L-shaped configuration including a main portion, extending between the now-joined side-panel edges and the still-unjoined rear edges, and a narrow portion extending from the main portion to the unjoined front edges of the remaining upper corner portion; removing a circular portion, substantially congruent with one of the core ends, from a central area of each side-panel main portion, leaving a centrally disposed circular opening, so congruent, in each main portion; and spreading apart the opposing side panels, thereby unfolding the inwardly folded bottom and top portions therebetween and thus providing the flexible opaque bag, the spread-apart side-panel main portions forming the bag sidewalls, the circular opening in each main portion providing the central aperture in each sidewall, the spread-apart main-portion still-unjoined rear edges providing the bag rearward portion defining the closable opening, the spread-apart main-portion now-joined edges providing part of the bag forward portion, the now-unfolded side-panel bottom and top portions between the spread-apart main portions forming the bag lower and upper portions respectively, the spread-apart side-panel narrow portions and now-unfolded top portions therebetween together forming the bag neck portion, and their unjoined front edges together forming the neck portion distal end defining the exit slot.
13. The method claimed in claim 12 wherein the sleeve is formed from flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material approximately 0.005 inches (0,127 mm) thick.
14. The method claimed in claim 12 wherein the sleeve is formed from thin, flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material including high-density polyethylene.
15. The method claimed in claim 12 wherein the sleeve is formed from flexible, opaque, plastic sheet material including high-density polyethylene approximately 0.005 inches (0,127 mm) thick..
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'US-73901691-A_1', 'collection': 'USPTO', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1991.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '4556', 'token_count': '5641', '__index_level_0__': '38969', 'original_id': '650d2c88cd675ffdaa6bb3e010e578b1043e2bfe6d6e9eb3742045c7670c8a09'} |
\section{Principle of Dilemma/Formulation 2/Reverse Implication}
Tags: Principle of Dilemma, Implication
\begin{theorem}
:$\vdash q \implies \paren {\paren {p \implies q} \land \paren {\neg p \implies q} }$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
{{BeginTableau|\vdash q \implies \paren {\paren {p \implies q} \land \paren {\neg p \implies q} } }}
{{Assumption|1|q|}}
{{SequentIntro|2|1|\paren {p \implies q} \land \paren {\neg p \implies q}|1|Principle of Dilemma: Formulation 1: Reverse Implication}}
{{Implication|3||q \implies \paren {\paren {p \implies q} \land \paren {\neg p \implies q} }|1|2}}
{{EndTableau}}
{{qed}}
Category:Principle of Dilemma
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'aa7c3444eab7e5838ebb455ccce83ae0b4d2614faec7cb54ee7c4dc973fe2dd5'} |
---
abstract: '[It is known that ]{}$\exp \left[ \mathtt{i}\lambda \left( Q_{1}P_{1}-\mathtt{i}/2\right) \right] $[ is a unitary single-mode squeezing operator, where ]{}$Q_{1}$[,]{}$P_{1}$[ are the coordinate and momentum operators, respectively. In this paper we employ Dirac’s coordinate representation to prove that the exponential operator ]{}$S_{n}\equiv \exp [\mathtt{i}\lambda \sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}(Q_{i}P_{i+1}+Q_{i+1}P_{i}))],$[ (]{}$Q_{n+1}=Q_{1}$[, ]{}$P_{n+1}=P_{1}$[), is a n-mode squeezing operator which enhances the standard squeezing. By virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we derive ]{}$S_{n}$[’s normally ordered expansion and obtain new n-mode squeezed vacuum states, its Wigner function is calculated by using the Weyl ordering invariance under similar transformations.]{}'
author:
- |
Xue-xiang Xu$^{1}$, Li-yun Hu$^{1,2}$[^1] and Hong-yi Fan$^{1}$\
$^{1}$[Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China]{}\
$^{2}$[College of Physics & Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China]{}
title: 'New application of Dirac’s representation: N-mode squeezing enhanced operator and squeezed state [^2]'
---
PACS: 03.65.-w; 03.65.Ud\
Keywords: Dirac’s representation; The IWOP technique; Squeezing enhanced operator; Squeezed sate
Introduction
============
Squeezed state has been a hot topic in quantum optics since Stoler [@1] put forward the concept of the optical squeezing in 1970’s. $S_{1}=$ $\exp \left[ \mathtt{i}\lambda \left( Q_{1}P_{1}-\mathtt{i}/2\right) \right] $ is a unitary single-mode squeezing operator, where $Q_{1}$, $P_{1}$ are the coordinate and momentum operators, respectively, $\lambda $ is a squeezing parameter. Their variances in the squeezed state $S_{1}\left \vert
0\right \rangle =$sech$^{1/2}\lambda \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2}a_{1}^{\dagger
2}\tanh \lambda \right] \left \vert 0\right \rangle $ are $$\Delta Q_{1}=\frac{1}{4}e^{2\lambda },\text{ }\Delta P_{1}=\frac{1}{4}e^{-2\lambda },\text{ }(\Delta Q_{1})(\Delta P_{1})=\frac{1}{4}.$$Some generalized squeezed state have been proposed since then. Among them the two-mode squeezed state not only exhibits squeezing, but also quantum entanglement between the idle-mode and the signal-mode in frequency domain, therefore is a typical entangled states of continuous variable. In recent years, various entangled states have attracted considerable attention and interests of physists because of their potential uses in quantum communication [@2]. Theoretically, the two-mode squeezed state is constructed by acting the two-mode squeezing operator $S_{2}=\exp [\lambda
(a_{1}a_{2}-a_{1}^{\dagger }a_{2}^{\dagger })]$ on the two-mode vacuum state $\left \vert 00\right \rangle $[@3; @4; @5],$$S_{2}\left \vert 00\right \rangle =\text{sech}\lambda \exp \left[
-a_{1}^{\dagger }a_{2}^{\dagger }\tanh \lambda \right] \left \vert
00\right \rangle . \label{1}$$We also have $S_{2}=\exp \left[ \mathtt{i}\lambda \left(
Q_{1}P_{2}+Q_{2}P_{1}\right) \right] ,$ where $Q_{i}$ and $P_{i}$ are the coordinate and momentum operators related to Bose operators ($a_{i},a_{i}^{\dagger }$) by
$$Q_{i}=(a_{i}+a_{i}^{\dagger })/\sqrt{2},\ P_{i}=(a_{i}-a_{i}^{\dagger })/(\sqrt{2}\mathtt{i}) \label{4}$$
In the state $S_{2}\left \vert 00\right \rangle $, the variances of the two-mode quadrature operators of light field,
$$\mathfrak{X}=(Q_{1}+Q_{2})/2,\text{ }\mathfrak{P}=(P_{1}+P_{2})/2,\text{ \ }[\mathfrak{X},\mathfrak{P}]=\frac{\mathtt{i}}{2}, \label{2}$$
take the standard form, i.e.,
$$\left \langle 00\right \vert S_{2}^{\dagger }\mathfrak{X}^{2}S_{2}\left
\vert 00\right \rangle =\frac{1}{4}e^{-2\lambda },\text{ \ }\left \langle
00\right \vert S_{2}^{\dagger }\mathfrak{P}^{2}S_{2}\left \vert 00\right
\rangle =\frac{1}{4}e^{2\lambda },\text{ \ and }(\Delta \mathfrak{X})(\Delta
\mathfrak{P})=\frac{1}{4}. \label{3}$$
On the other hand, the two-mode squeezing operator has a neat and natural representation in the entangled state $\left \vert \eta \right \rangle $ representation [@6],$$S_{2}=\int \frac{d^{2}\eta }{\pi \mu }\left \vert \frac{\eta }{\mu }\right
\rangle \left \langle \eta \right \vert ,$$where$$\left \vert \eta \right \rangle =\exp (-\frac{1}{2}\left \vert \eta \right
\vert ^{2}+\eta a_{1}^{\dagger }-\eta ^{\ast }a_{2}^{\dagger
}+a_{1}^{\dagger }a_{2}^{\dagger })\left \vert 00\right \rangle ,$$makes up a complete set$$\int \frac{d^{2}\eta }{\pi }\left \vert \eta \right \rangle \left \langle
\eta \right \vert =1.$$$\left \vert \eta \right \rangle $ was constructed according to the idea of quantum entanglement innitiated by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen in their argument that quantum mechanics is incomplete [@7].
An interesting question naturally arises: is the $n$-mode exponential operator
$$S_{n}\equiv \exp \left[ \mathtt{i}\lambda
\sum_{i=1}^{n}(Q_{i}P_{i+1}+Q_{i+1}P_{i})\right] ,\text{ \ }(Q_{n+1}=Q_{1},\
P_{n+1}=P_{1}),\ n\geqslant 2, \label{6}$$
a squeezing operator? If yes, what kind of squeezing for $n$-mode quadratures of field it can engenders? To answer these questions we must know what is the normally ordered expansion of $S_{n}$ and what is the state $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $ ($\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $ is the n-mode vacuum state)? In this work we shall analyse $S_{n}$ in detail. But how to disentangle the exponential of $S_{n}?$ Since the terms in the set $Q_{i}P_{i+1}\ $and $Q_{i+1}P_{i}$ ($i=1,2,\cdots ,n$) do not make up a closed Lie algebra, the problem of what is $S_{n}$’s normally ordered form seems difficult. Thus we appeal to Dirac’s coordinate representation and the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators [@8; @8a] to solve this problem. Our work is arranged as follows: firstly we use the IWOP technique to derive the normally ordered expansion of $S_{n}$ and obtain the explicit form of$\ S_{n}\left \vert
\mathbf{0}\right \rangle $; then we examine the variances of the $n$-mode quadrature operators in the state $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $, we find that $S_{n}$ causes squeezing which is stronger than the standard squeezing. Thus $S_{n}$ is an $n$-mode squeezing-enhanced operator. The Wigner function of $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $ is calculated by using the Weyl ordering invariance under similar transformations. Some examples are discussed in the last section.
Normal Product Form of $S_{n}$ derived by Dirac’s coordinate representation
============================================================================
In order to disentangle operator $S_{n}$, let $A$ be$$A=\left(
\begin{array}{ccccc}
0 & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 1 & \cdots & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 & \ddots & 0 \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \ddots & \vdots \\
1 & 0 & \cdots & 1 & 0\end{array}\right) , \label{7}$$then $S_{n}$ in (\[6\]) is compactly expressed as$$S_{n}=\exp [\mathtt{i}\lambda Q_{i}A_{ij}P_{j}], \label{8}$$here and henceforth the repeated indices represent Einstein’s summation notation. Using the Baker-Hausdorff formula,$$e^{A}Be^{-A}=B+\left[ A,B\right] +\frac{1}{2!}\left[ A,\left[ A,B\right] \right] +\frac{1}{3!}\left[ A,\left[ A,\left[ A,B\right] \right] \right]
+\cdots ,$$we have $$\begin{aligned}
S_{n}^{-1}Q_{k}S_{n} &=&Q_{k}-\lambda Q_{i}A_{ik}+\frac{1}{2!}\mathtt{i}\lambda ^{2}\left[ Q_{i}A_{ij}P_{j},Q_{l}A_{lk}\right] +\cdots \notag \\
&=&Q_{i}(e^{-\lambda A})_{ik}=(e^{-\lambda \tilde{A}})_{ki}Q_{i}, \label{9}
\\
S_{n}^{-1}P_{k}S_{n} &=&P_{k}+\lambda A_{ki}P_{i}+\frac{1}{2!}\mathtt{i}\lambda ^{2}\left[ A_{ki}P_{j},Q_{l}A_{lm}P_{m}\right] +\cdots \notag \\
&=&(e^{\lambda A})_{ki}P_{i}. \label{9a}\end{aligned}$$From Eq.(\[9\]) we see that when $S_{n}$ acts on the n-mode coordinate eigenstate $\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle ,$ where $\widetilde{\vec{q}}=(q_{1},q_{2},\cdots ,q_{n})$, it squeezes $\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle $ in this way: $$S_{n}\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle =\left \vert \Lambda \right \vert
^{1/2}\left \vert \Lambda \vec{q}\right \rangle ,\text{ }\Lambda =e^{-\lambda
\tilde{A}},\text{ }\left \vert \Lambda \right \vert \equiv \det \Lambda .
\label{10}$$Thus $S_{n}$ has the representation on the Dirac’s coordinate basis $\left \langle \vec{q}\right \vert $[@8b] $$S_{n}=\int d^{n}qS_{n}\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle \left \langle \vec{q}\right \vert =\left \vert \Lambda \right \vert ^{1/2}\int d^{n}q\left \vert
\Lambda \vec{q}\right \rangle \left \langle \vec{q}\right \vert ,\text{ \ \ }S_{n}^{\dagger }=S_{n}^{-1}, \label{11}$$since $\int d^{n}q\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle \left \langle \vec{q}\right \vert =1.$ Using the expression of $\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle $ in Fock space $$\begin{aligned}
&\left \vert \vec{q}\right \rangle =\pi ^{-n/4}\colon \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2}\widetilde{\vec{q}}\vec{q}+\sqrt{2}\widetilde{\vec{q}}a^{\dag }-\frac{1}{2}\tilde{a}^{\dag }a^{\dag }\right] \left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle ,\text{
}& \notag \\
&\tilde{a}^{\dag }=(a_{1}^{\dag },a_{2}^{\dag },\cdots ,a_{n}^{\dag })\text{,}& \label{12}\end{aligned}$$and the normally ordered form of n-mode vacuum projector $\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert =\colon \exp [-\tilde{a}^{\dag }a^{\dag }]\colon $, we can put $S_{n}$ into the normal ordering form, $$\begin{aligned}
S_{n} &=&\pi ^{-n/2}\left \vert \Lambda \right \vert ^{1/2}\int d^{n}q\colon
\exp [-\frac{1}{2}\widetilde{\vec{q}}(1+\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )\vec{q}+\sqrt{2}\widetilde{\vec{q}}(\widetilde{\Lambda }a^{\dag }+a) \notag \\
&&-\frac{1}{2}(\widetilde{a}a+\tilde{a}^{\dag }a^{\dag })-\tilde{a}^{\dag
}a]\colon . \label{13}\end{aligned}$$To perform the integration in Eq.(\[13\]) by virtue of the IWOP technique, using the mathematical formula $$\int d^{n}x\exp [-\widetilde{x}Fx+\widetilde{x}v]=\pi ^{n/2}(\det
F)^{-1/2}\exp \left[ \frac{1}{4}\widetilde{v}F^{-1}v\right] , \label{14}$$then we derive $$\begin{aligned}
S_{n} &=&\left( \frac{\det \Lambda }{\det N}\right) ^{1/2}\exp \left[ \frac{1}{2}\tilde{a}^{\dag }\left( \Lambda N^{-1}\widetilde{\Lambda }-I\right)
a^{\dag }\right] \notag \\
&&\times \colon \exp \left[ \tilde{a}^{\dag }\left( \Lambda N^{-1}-I\right) a\right] \colon \exp \left[ \frac{1}{2}\widetilde{a}\left( N^{-1}-I\right) a\right] , \label{15}\end{aligned}$$where $N=(1+\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )/2$. Eq.(\[15\]) is just the normal product form of $S_{n}.$
Squeezing property of $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $
==================================================================
Operating $S_{n}$ on the n-mode vacuum state $\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle ,$ we obtain the squeezed vacuum state$$S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle =\left( \frac{\det \Lambda }{\det N}\right) ^{1/2}\exp \left[ \frac{1}{2}\tilde{a}^{\dag }\left( \Lambda N^{-1}\widetilde{\Lambda }-I\right) a^{\dag }\right] \left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle . \label{16}$$Now we evaluate the variances of the n-mode quadratures. The quadratures in the n-mode case are defined as$$X_{1}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2n}}\sum_{i=1}^{n}Q_{i},\text{ }X_{2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2n}}\sum_{i=1}^{n}P_{i}, \label{17}$$obeying $[X_{1},X_{2}]=\frac{\mathtt{i}}{2}.$ Their variances are $\left(
\Delta X_{i}\right) ^{2}=\left \langle X_{i}^{2}\right \rangle -\left \langle
X_{i}\right \rangle ^{2}$, $i=1,2.$ Noting the expectation values of $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ in the state $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $, $\left \langle X_{1}\right \rangle =\left \langle X_{2}\right \rangle =0$, then using Eqs. (\[9\]) and (\[9a\]) we see that the variances are$$\begin{aligned}
\left( \triangle X_{1}\right) ^{2} &=&\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert
S_{n}^{-1}X_{1}^{2}S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle =\frac{1}{2n}\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert
S_{n}^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^{n}Q_{i}\sum_{j=1}^{n}Q_{j}S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{2n}\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert
\sum_{i=1}^{n}Q_{k}(e^{-\lambda A})_{ki}\sum_{j=1}^{n}(e^{-\lambda \tilde{A}})_{jl}Q_{l}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{2n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}(e^{-\lambda A})_{ki}(e^{-\lambda
\tilde{A}})_{jl}\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert Q_{k}Q_{l}\left \vert
\mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{4n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}(e^{-\lambda A})_{ki}(e^{-\lambda
\tilde{A}})_{jl}\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert a_{k}a_{l}^{\dagger
}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{4n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}(e^{-\lambda A})_{ki}(e^{-\lambda
\tilde{A}})_{jl}\delta _{kl}=\frac{1}{4n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}(\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )_{ij}, \label{18}\end{aligned}$$similarly we have$$\left( \triangle X_{2}\right) ^{2}=\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert
S_{n}^{-1}X_{2}^{2}S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle =\frac{1}{4n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}\left[ (\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )^{-1}\right]
_{ij}. \label{19}$$Eqs. (\[18\]) -(\[19\]) are the quadrature variance formula in the transformed vacuum state acted by the operator $\exp [\mathtt{i}\lambda
Q_{i}A_{ij}P_{j}].$ By observing that $A$ in (\[8\]) is a symmetric matrix, we see$$\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}\left[ (A+\tilde{A})^{l}\right] _{i\text{ }j}=2^{2l}n, \label{20}$$then using $A\tilde{A}=\tilde{A}A,$ so $\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda
=e^{-\lambda (A+\tilde{A})}$, a symmetric matrix, we have $$\underset{i,j=1}{\sum^{n}}(\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )_{i\text{ }j}=\sum_{l=0}^{\infty }\frac{(-\lambda )^{l}}{l!}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}\left[ (A+\tilde{A})^{l}\right] _{i\text{ }j}=n\sum_{l=0}^{\infty }\frac{(-\lambda )^{l}}{l!}2^{2l}=ne^{-4\lambda }, \label{21}$$and$$\underset{i,j=1}{\sum^{n}}(\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )_{i\text{ }j}^{-1}=ne^{4\lambda }. \label{22}$$It then follows$$\begin{aligned}
\left( \triangle X_{1}\right) ^{2} &=&\frac{1}{4n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}(\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )_{ij}=\frac{e^{-4\lambda }}{4}, \label{23} \\
\left( \triangle X_{2}\right) ^{2} &=&\frac{1}{4n}\underset{i,j}{\sum^{n}}\left[ (\widetilde{\Lambda }\Lambda )^{-1}\right] _{ij}=\frac{e^{4\lambda }}{4}. \label{23a}\end{aligned}$$This leads to $(\triangle X_{1})(\triangle X_{2})=\frac{1}{4},$ which shows that $S_{n}$ is a correct n-mode squeezing operator for the n-mode quadratures in Eq.(\[17\]). Furthermore, Eqs.(\[23\]) and (\[23a\]) clearly indicate that the squeezed vacuum state $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $ may exhibit stronger squeezing ($e^{-4\lambda }$) in one quadrature than that ($e^{-2\lambda }$) of the usual two-mode squeezed vacuum state. This is a way of enhancing squeezing.
The Wigner function of $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $
===================================================================
Wigner distribution functions [@10] of quantum states are widely studied in quantum statistics and quantum optics. Now we derive the expression of the Wigner function of $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle .$ Here we take a new method to do it. Recalling that in Ref. [@11] we have introduced the Weyl ordering form of single-mode Wigner operator $\Delta
_{1}\left( q_{1},p_{1}\right) $,$$\Delta _{1}\left( q_{1},p_{1}\right)
=\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\delta \left( q_{1}-Q_{1}\right) \delta
\left( p_{1}-P_{1}\right) \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}, \label{24}$$its normal ordering form is$$\Delta _{1}\left( q_{1},p_{1}\right) =\frac{1}{\pi }\colon \exp \left[
-\left( q_{1}-Q_{1}\right) ^{2}-\left( p_{1}-P_{1}\right) ^{2}\right] \colon
\label{25}$$where the symbols $\colon \colon $ and $\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}$ denote the normal ordering and the Weyl ordering, respectively. Note that the order of Bose operators $a_{1}$ and $a_{1}^{\dagger }$ within a normally ordered product and a Weyl ordered product can be permuted. That is to say, even though $[a_{1},a_{1}^{\dagger }]=1$, we can have $\colon a_{1}a_{1}^{\dagger
}\colon =\colon a_{1}^{\dagger }a_{1}\colon $ and$\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}a_{1}a_{1}^{\dagger }\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}=\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}a_{1}^{\dagger }a_{1}\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}.$ The Weyl ordering has a remarkable property, i.e., the order-invariance of Weyl ordered operators under similar transformations, which means$$U\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\left( \circ \circ \circ \right) \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}U^{-1}=\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}U\left( \circ \circ \circ \right) U^{-1}\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:},
\label{26}$$as if the fence" $\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}$did not exist.
For n-mode case, the Weyl ordering form of the Wigner operator is $$\Delta _{n}\left( \vec{q},\vec{p}\right) =\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\delta \left( \vec{q}-\vec{Q}\right) \delta \left( \vec{p}-\vec{P}\right)
\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}, \label{27}$$where $\widetilde{\vec{Q}}=(Q_{1},Q_{2},\cdots ,Q_{n})$ and $\widetilde{\vec{P}}=(P_{1},P_{2},\cdots ,P_{n})$. Then according to the Weyl ordering invariance under similar transformations and Eqs.(\[9\]) and (\[9a\]) we have$$\begin{aligned}
S_{n}^{-1}\Delta _{n}\left( \vec{q},\vec{p}\right) S_{n} &=&S_{n}^{-1}\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\delta \left( \vec{q}-\vec{Q}\right) \delta \left( \vec{p}-\vec{P}\right) \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}S_{n} \notag \\
&=&\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\delta \left( q_{k}-(e^{-\lambda
\tilde{A}})_{ki}Q_{i}\right)
\delta \left( p_{k}-(e^{\lambda A})_{ki}P_{i}\right) \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:} \notag \\
&=&\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:}\delta \left( e^{\lambda
\tilde{A}}\vec{q}-\vec{Q}\right)
\delta \left( e^{-\lambda A}\vec{p}-\vec{P}\right) \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{:}{:} \notag \\
&=&\Delta \left( e^{\lambda \tilde{A}}\vec{q},e^{-\lambda
A}\vec{p}\right) . \label{28}\end{aligned}$$Thus using Eqs.(\[24\]) and (\[28\]) the Wigner function of $S_{n}\left
\vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $ is $$\begin{aligned}
&&\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert S_{n}^{-1}\Delta _{n}\left( \vec{q},\vec{p}\right) S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{\pi ^{n}}\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert \colon \exp
[-(e^{\lambda \tilde{A}}\vec{q}-\vec{Q})^{2}-(e^{-\lambda A}\vec{p}-\vec{P})^{2}]\colon \left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{\pi ^{n}}\exp [-(e^{\lambda \tilde{A}}\vec{q})^{2}-\left(
e^{-\lambda A}\vec{p}\right) ^{2}] \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{\pi ^{n}}\exp \left[ -\widetilde{\vec{q}}e^{\lambda A}e^{\lambda
\tilde{A}}\vec{q}-\widetilde{\vec{p}}e^{-\lambda \tilde{A}}e^{-\lambda A}\vec{p}\right] \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{\pi ^{n}}\exp \left[ -\widetilde{\vec{q}}\left( \Lambda
\widetilde{\Lambda }\right) ^{-1}\vec{q}-\widetilde{\vec{p}}\Lambda
\widetilde{\Lambda }\vec{p}\right] , \label{29}\end{aligned}$$From Eq.(\[29\]) we see that once the explicit expression of $\Lambda
\tilde{\Lambda}=\exp [-\lambda (A+\tilde{A})]$ is deduced, the Wigner function of $S_{n}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle $ can be calculated.
Some examples of calculating the Wigner function
================================================
For $n=2,$ form Eq.(\[6\]) we have $S_{2}^{\prime }=\exp \left[ \mathtt{i}2\lambda \left( Q_{1}P_{2}+Q_{2}P_{1}\right) \right] $ which exhibits clearly the stronger squeezing than the usual two-mode squeezing operator $S_{2}^{\prime }.$ For $n=3,$ the three-mode operator [@9] $S_{3}$, from Eq.(\[8\]) we see that the matrix $A$ is $\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 0\end{array}\right) ,$ thus we have$$\Lambda \tilde{\Lambda}=\allowbreak \left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
u & v & \allowbreak v \\
\allowbreak v & u & \allowbreak v \\
v & v & u\end{array}\right) ,\text{ }u=\frac{2}{3}e^{2\lambda }+\frac{1}{3e^{4\lambda }},\text{ }v=\frac{1}{3e^{4\lambda }}-\frac{1}{3}e^{2\lambda }, \label{30}$$and$\ \left( \Lambda \tilde{\Lambda}\right) ^{-1}$ is obtained by replacing $\lambda $ with $-\lambda $ in $\Lambda \tilde{\Lambda}.$ Thus the squeezing state $S_{3}\left \vert 000\right \rangle $ is $$S_{3}\left \vert 000\right \rangle =A_{3}\exp \left[ \frac{1}{6}A_{1}\sum_{i=1}^{3}a_{i}^{\dagger 2}-\frac{2}{3}A_{2}\sum_{i<j}^{3}a_{i}^{\dagger }a_{j}^{\dagger }\right] \left \vert 000\right \rangle ,$$where $$A_{1}=\left( 1-\text{sech}2\lambda \right) \tanh \lambda ,\text{ }A_{2}=\frac{\sinh 3\lambda }{2\cosh \lambda \cosh 2\lambda },A_{3}=\text{sech}\lambda \cosh ^{-1/2}2\lambda .$$In particular, for the case of the infinite squeezing $\lambda \rightarrow
\infty $, Eq.(\[s3\]) reduces to $$S_{3}\left \vert 000\right \rangle \sim \exp \left \{ \frac{1}{6}\left[
\sum_{i=1}^{3}a_{i}^{\dagger 2}-4\sum_{i<j}^{3}a_{i}^{\dagger
}a_{j}^{\dagger }\right] \right \} \left \vert 000\right \rangle \equiv
\left \vert \ \right \rangle _{s_{3}}, \label{s3}$$which is just the common eigenvector of the three compatible Jacobian operators in three-body case with zero eigenvalues [@12], i.e.,$$\begin{aligned}
\left( P_{1}+P_{2}+P_{3}\right) \left \vert \ \right \rangle _{s_{3}}& =0,\text{ }\left( Q_{3}-Q_{2}\right) \left \vert \ \right \rangle _{s_{3}}=0,
\notag \\
\text{ }\left( \frac{\mu _{3}Q_{3}+\mu _{2}Q_{2}}{\mu _{3}+\mu _{2}}-Q_{1}\right) \left \vert \ \right \rangle _{s_{3}}& =0,\text{ }\left( \mu
_{i}=\frac{m_{i}}{m_{1}+m_{2}+m_{3}}\right) ,\end{aligned}$$as common eigenvector $$\left[ P_{1}+P_{2}+P_{3},Q_{3}-Q_{2}\right] =0,\left[ \frac{\mu
_{3}Q_{3}+\mu _{2}Q_{2}}{\mu _{3}+\mu _{2}}-Q_{1},P_{1}+P_{2}+P_{3}\right]
=0.$$Since the common eigenvector of three compatible Jacobian operators is an entangled state, the state $\left \vert \ \right \rangle _{s_{3}}$ is also an entangled state.$\ $
By using Eq.(\[29\]) the Wigner function is$$\begin{aligned}
&&\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert S_{3}^{-1}\Delta _{3}\left( \vec{q},\vec{p}\right) S_{3}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle \notag \\
&=&\frac{1}{\pi ^{3}}\exp \left[ -\frac{2}{3}\left( \cosh 4\lambda +2\cosh
2\lambda \right) \sum_{i=1}^{3}\left \vert \alpha _{i}\right \vert ^{2}\right] \notag \\
&&\times \exp \left \{ -\frac{1}{3}\allowbreak \left( \sinh 4\lambda -2\sinh
2\lambda \right) \sum_{i=1}^{3}\alpha _{i}^{2}\right. \notag \\
&&-\left. \frac{2}{3}\sum_{j>i=1}^{3}\left[ \left( \cosh 4\lambda -\cosh
2\lambda \right) \alpha _{i}\alpha _{j}^{\ast }+\left( \allowbreak \sinh
2\lambda +\sinh 4\lambda \right) \alpha _{i}\alpha _{j}\right] +c.c.\right
\} . \label{31}\end{aligned}$$
For $n=4$ case, the four-mode operator $S_{4}$ is
$$S_{4}=\exp \{ \mathtt{i}\lambda \left[ \left( Q_{1}+Q_{3}\right) \left(
P_{4}+P_{2}\right) +\left( Q_{2}+Q_{4}\right) \left( P_{1}+P_{3}\right) \right] \} \label{5c}$$
the matrix $A=\left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 1 & 0\end{array}\right) $ , thus we have $$\Lambda \tilde{\Lambda}=\allowbreak \left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
r & t & s & t \\
t & r & t & s \\
s & t & r & t \\
t & s & t & r\end{array}\right) , \label{32}$$where $r=\cosh ^{2}2\lambda ,s=\sinh ^{2}2\lambda ,t=-\sinh 2\lambda \cosh
2\lambda .$ Then substituting Eq.(\[32\]) into Eq.(\[29\]) we obtain$$\left \langle \mathbf{0}\right \vert S_{4}^{-1}\Delta _{4}\left( \vec{q},\vec{p}\right) S_{4}\left \vert \mathbf{0}\right \rangle =\frac{1}{\pi ^{4}}\exp \left \{ -2\cosh ^{2}2\lambda \left[ \sum_{i=1}^{4}\left \vert \alpha
_{i}\right \vert ^{2}+\left( M+M^{\ast }\right) \tanh ^{2}2\lambda +\left(
R^{\ast }+R\right) \allowbreak \tanh 2\lambda \right] \right \} , \label{33}$$where $M=\alpha _{1}\alpha _{3}^{\ast }+\alpha _{2}\alpha _{4}^{\ast },$ $R=\alpha _{1}\alpha _{2}+\alpha _{1}\alpha _{4}+\alpha _{2}\alpha
_{3}+\alpha _{3}\alpha _{4}.$ This form differs evidently from the Wigner function of the direct-product of usual two two-mode squeezed states’ Wigner functions. In addition, using Eq. (\[32\]) we can check Eqs.(\[23\]) and (\[23a\]). Further, using Eq.(\[32\]) we have
$$N^{-1}=\frac{1}{2}\allowbreak \left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
2 & \tanh 2\lambda & 0 & \tanh 2\lambda \\
\tanh 2\lambda & 2 & \tanh 2\lambda & 0 \\
0 & \tanh 2\lambda & 2 & \tanh 2\lambda \\
\tanh 2\lambda & 0 & \tanh 2\lambda & 2\end{array}\right) ,\text{ }\det N=\cosh ^{2}2\lambda . \label{34}$$
Then substituting Eqs.(\[34\]) into Eq.(\[15\]) yields the four-mode squeezed state [@9; @13],$$S_{4}\left \vert 0000\right \rangle =\text{sech}2\lambda \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2}\left( a_{1}^{\dag }+a_{3}^{\dag }\right) \left( a_{2}^{\dag
}+a_{4}^{\dag }\right) \tanh 2\lambda \right] \left \vert 0000\right \rangle
, \label{35}$$from which one can see that the four-mode squeezed state is not the same as the direct product of two two-mode squeezed states in Eq.(\[1\]).
In summary, by virtue of Dirac’s coordinate representation and the IWOP technique: we have shown that an n-mode squeezing operator $S_{n}\equiv \exp
[i\lambda \sum_{i=1}^{n}(Q_{i}P_{i+1}+Q_{i+1}P_{i}))],$ $(Q_{n+1}=Q_{1},\
P_{n+1}=P_{1}),$ is an n-mode squeezing operator which enhances the stronger squeezing for the n-mode quadratures [@14]. $S_{n}$’s normally ordered expansion and new n-mode squeezed vacuum states are obtained.
**ACKNOWLEDGEMENT** Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 10775097 and 10874174.
[99]{} D. Stoler, *Phys. Rev. D*, **1** (1970) 3217.
Bouwmeester D. et al., *The Physics of Quantum Information*, (Springer, Berlin) 2000; Nielsen M. A. and Chuang I. L., *Quantum Computation and Quantum Information* (Cambridge University Press) 2000.
Buzek V., *J. Mod. Opt.*, **37** (1990) 303.
Loudon R., Knight P. L., *J. Mod. Opt.*, **34** (1987) 709.
Dodonov V. V., *J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.*, **4** (2002) R1.
Fan H.-y and Klauder J. R., *Phys. Rev. A* **49** (1994) 704; Fan H.-y and Fan Y., *Phys. Rev. A*, **54** (1996) 958; Fan H.-y, *Europhys. Lett.*, **23** (1993) 1; Fan H.-y, *Europhys. Lett.*, **17** (1992) 285; Fan H.-y, *Europhys. Lett.*, **19** (1992) 443.
Einstein A., Poldolsky B. and Rosen N., *Phys. Rev.*, **47** (1935) 777.
Fan H.-y, *Ann. Phys.*, **323** (2008) 500; *Ann. Phys.*, **323** (2008) 1502.
Fan H.-y, *J Opt B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.*, **5** (2003) R147.
Dirac P. A. M., The Principle of Quantum Mechanics, Fourth ed., Oxford University Press, 1958.
Hu L.-y. and Fan H.-y., *Mod. Phys. Lett. B.*, **22** (2008) 2055.
Wigner E. P., *Phys. Rev.*, **40** (1932) 749; O’Connell R. F. and Wigner E. P., *Phys. Lett. A*, **83** (1981) 145;Schleich W., *Quantum Optics* (New York: Wiley) 2001.
Fan H.-y, *J. Phys. A*, **25** (1992) 3443; Fan H.-y, Fan Y., *Int. J. Mod. Phys. A*, **17** (2002) 701;Fan H.-y, *Mod. Phys. Lett. A*, **15** (2000) 2297;
Fan H.-y and Zhang Y., *Phys. Rev. A* 57 (1998) 3225.
Hu L.-y. and Fan H.-y., *J*. *Mod. Opt.*, **55** (2008) 1065.
Hu L.-y. and Fan H.-y., *Europhys. Lett*., (2009) in press.
[^1]: [Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: hlyun2008@126.com.]{}
[^2]: [Work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 10775097 and 10874174.]{}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a60af5b05f79b47056b57272617aa5588580d8facf91228a200246c79281c3c3'} |
Casey Cott Teases 'Different' & 'Fun' 'Riverdale' Season 3 At Ace Awards
Also available on the NBC app
On the red carpet at the 22nd annual Ace Awards in New York City, Casey Cott tells Access what an honor it is to present the American Heritage award to Brooks Brothers. Then, how much does Casey know about "Riverdale" Season 3? And, why does he think The CW show has been so successful?
Tags: Access, access hollywood, the cw, television, fashion, ace awards, hollywood, interviews, celebrity news, riverdale, access, entertainment, brooks brothers, celebrity, gossip, kevin keller, breaking news, style, casey cott, entertainment news, tv
S20182 minInterviewNews and InformationDaytime | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '41', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8731900453567505}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '643647', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:A5PF5PGSCSLJPLWQSWHZBH6VBPZ4FGHZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:97691cf6-7946-449c-8aff-3eabb5ae6a71>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 16, 3, 5, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.46.52.91', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NTDW4GBTS2RFVXJ7EJZVVJXL2OMICJHY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a6ac149d-3297-4b1b-b397-892f88d75906>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.nbc.com/access/video/casey-cott-teases-different-fun-riverdale-season-3-at-ace-awards/3743736', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:25fdf3f2-f4bf-4582-99aa-287f72fbe3be>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '155', 'url': 'https://www.nbc.com/access/video/casey-cott-teases-different-fun-riverdale-season-3-at-ace-awards/3743736', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-123-210-107.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021443068981170654', 'original_id': 'f189c96373155848a49740fb4f4e9448ef0a014b0f9832f433c0d9cb3514889d'} |
Story highlights FBI Director James Comey notified Congress of a review of emails that could be "pertinent" to the probe of Clinton's private server
Obama made his first comments on the FBI's review of those emails
(CNN) President Barack Obama warned against FBI "leaks" and "innuendo" in his first public comments about the agency's decision to disclose its new review into emails that could be relevant to Hillary Clinton's use of a private server while she was secretary of state.
Speaking to NowThisNews in an interview released Wednesday, Obama said he didn't want to meddle in the law enforcement process. But he criticized any action that might allow intimations or suggestions -- rather than facts -- to pervade the public's view of the case.
"I do think that there is a norm that when there are investigations, we don't operate on innuendo and we don't operate on incomplete information and we don't operate on leaks," Obama said in the interview, which was taped Tuesday. "We operate based on concrete decisions that are made."
Obama did not mention FBI Director James Comey by name, although he was asked a question specifically about Comey's decision to make the information public days before the presidential election. And he wasn't outwardly critical of any specific move made by the department, noting that he didn't want to be seen as influencing the investigation.
Read More | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bb2203219e743ac8b3529855413d1748e0108fe105036a189ce1966caf540e0f'} |
The CCR calls on the government to protect trafficked persons and migrant workers at risk
Printer-friendly version
Media release
For immediate release
30 July 2018
On the World Day against Trafficking in Persons, the Canadian Council for Refugees (CCR) calls on the federal government to take action to protect non-citizens in Canada who have been trafficked.
“Canada’s immigration policies too often put people in situations of extreme vulnerability, exposing them to exploitation including human trafficking,” said Claire Roque, CCR President. “When people escape their traffickers, they may be detained and deported from Canada, rather than being recognized as persons whose basic rights have been abused. We need changes to immigration legislation to make sure the rights of trafficked persons are protected.”
The shortcomings in Canadian immigration and criminal legislation increase the risks of gender-based violence; the most affected are often racialized women.
Closed work permits that tie migrant workers’ status in Canada to a single employer, and the lack of oversight of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program create opportunities for exploitation and trafficking.
“We know that the Temporary Foreign Worker Program leaves the door open to abuse – and even trafficking as the employer holds all the cards,’’ says Roque.
Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act contains no provisions specifically to protect trafficked persons. Although survivors of trafficking may be allowed to remain in Canada temporarily through a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP), few are issued.
The lack of clear and known paths to protection means that trafficked persons may feel that they have no alternative to remaining in the situation of exploitation, or they leave but find themselves in another.
The CCR calls on the government to do more to protect the rights of trafficked persons and those at risk of being trafficked, ensure their access to justice, provide them adequate support services, and coordinate and implement best practices federally and provincially.
For more information:
CCR Concerns: Human Trafficking in Canada:
Specific recommendations:
The CCR's recommendations include:
1. The federal government should introduce a legislative amendment to bring a permanent and fundamental change in policy so that trafficked non-citizens in Canada are protected.
2. Pending changes to the legislation to offer permanent protection to trafficked persons, the federal government should strengthen access to temporary protection through TRPs.
3. The federal government should guarantee the right to all admitted as migrant workers, whatever the category, to apply for permanent residence at the same time as they apply for the work permit.
4. The federal government should ratify the 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, and implement all of its provisions.
5. The federal government should amend the Criminal Code to remove the requirement of subjective fear on the part of the trafficked person.
6. The federal government should ensure access to legal aid for survivors of trafficking in all provinces and territories.
7. The federal government should develop prevention strategies that go beyond awareness-raising and address the root causes of trafficking and implementing policy/systemic changes.
8. The federal government should allocate adequate funds for support services for all vulnerable populations, including migrant workers, migrant sex workers, women, Indigenous women and others with or without status.
9. The federal government should implement a national strategy for the coordination and implementation of best practices in services to persons trafficked into and within Canada, including all federally funded settlement services. The strategy should be developed taking into account best practices identified by NGOs.
- 30 -
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package net.finmath.equities.marketdata;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* Class to store and handle a stream of affine dividends
*
* @author Andreas Grotz
*/
public class AffineDividendStream {
private final AffineDividend[] dividendStream;
public AffineDividendStream(
final AffineDividend[] dividendStream)
{
var diviList = Arrays.asList(dividendStream);
diviList.sort(Comparator.comparing(pt -> pt.getDate()));
this.dividendStream = diviList.toArray(new AffineDividend[0]);
};
public ArrayList<LocalDate> getDividendDates()
{
var dates = new ArrayList<LocalDate>();
for (AffineDividend divi : dividendStream) {
dates.add(divi.getDate());
}
return dates;
}
public double getDividend(
final LocalDate date,
final double stockPrice)
{
for (AffineDividend divi : dividendStream)
{
if (divi.getDate() == date) {
return divi.getDividend(stockPrice);
}
}
return 0.0;
}
public double getProportionalDividendFactor(
final LocalDate date)
{
for (AffineDividend divi : dividendStream)
{
if (divi.getDate() == date) {
return divi.getProportionalDividendFactor();
}
}
return 1.0;
}
public double getCashDividend(
final LocalDate date)
{
for (AffineDividend divi : dividendStream)
{
if (divi.getDate() == date) {
return divi.getCashDividend();
}
}
return 0.0;
}
public static AffineDividendStream getAffineDividendsFromCashDividends(
AffineDividendStream cashDividends,
HashMap<LocalDate, Double> transformationFactors,
LocalDate valDate,
double spot,
FlatYieldCurve repoCurve)
{
// This method takes a stream of cash dividends and converts them to affine dividends,
// by transforming a part of each cash dividend to a proportional dividend.
// The percentage of each cash dividend to be transformed to a proportional dividend
// is specified in the member propDividendFactor of the dividend.
// The transformation is done in an arbitrage-free way, i.e. the forward structure is preserved.
// This method is usefull in practice, where traders use dividend futures as input, and transform
// a part to a proportional dividend (the further away the dividend, the higher the proportional part
// and the lower the cash part.
var dates = cashDividends.getDividendDates();
var affineDividends = new ArrayList<AffineDividend>();
for (var date : dates)
{
if (date.isBefore(valDate)) {
continue;
}
assert cashDividends.getProportionalDividendFactor(date) == 0.0 :
"Proportional dividend different from zero for date " + date;
var cashDividend = cashDividends.getCashDividend(date);
var fwd = spot;
for (var otherDate : dates)
{
if (otherDate.isBefore(date) && !otherDate.isBefore(valDate)) {
fwd -= cashDividends.getCashDividend(otherDate)
* repoCurve.getForwardDiscountFactor(valDate, otherDate);
}
}
var q = transformationFactors.get(date) * cashDividend
* repoCurve.getForwardDiscountFactor(valDate, date)
/ fwd;
affineDividends.add(
new AffineDividend(
date,
(1.0 - transformationFactors.get(date)) * cashDividend,
q));
}
return new AffineDividendStream(affineDividends.toArray(new AffineDividend[0]));
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd95e45b6507cc7f8054a58951756da73f80ca4afa36ab3f17588045c848a0f8b'} |
Across much of the Western world, 25 years of expansion of the medical system has actually led to people feeling less healthy over time, a new study has found.
A researcher at The Ohio State University used several large multinational datasets to examine changes in how people rated their health between 1981 and 2007 and compared that to medical expansion in 28 countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
During that time, the medical industry expanded dramatically in many of those countries, which you might expect would lead to people who felt healthier.
But that's not what Hui Zheng, assistant professor of sociology at Ohio State, found.
"Access to more medicine and medical care doesn't really improve our subjective health. For example, in the United States, the percentage of Americans reporting very good health decreased from 39 percent to 28 percent from 1982 to 2006," Zheng said.
In fact, Zheng conducted what is called a "counterfactual analysis" using the data to see what would have happened if the medical industry hadn't expanded at all in these countries since 1982. In this analysis, other factors that are generally linked to improved health, such as economic development, were left unchanged.
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Under this scenario, the analysis predicted that self-rated health would have increased in these 28 countries. For example, the percentage of Americans reporting very good health could have increased by about 10 percent.
"It seems counterintuitive, but that's what the evidence shows. More medicine doesn't lead to citizens feeling better about their health -- it actually hurts," Zheng said.
The study appears in the July 2015 issue of the journal Social Science Research.
The OECD is an organization of countries, including the United States and many countries in Europe, that accept the principles of representative democracy and free-market economy. This study included information from OECD Health Data, World Development Indicators, the World Values Survey and the European Values Study.
Zheng measured three kinds of medical expansion. One was medical investment, which includes health care spending per capita and total health employment; medical professionalization and specialization, which includes the number of practicing physicians and specialists; and expanded pharmaceutical industry, which includes pharmaceutical sales per capita.
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People around the world rated their health on a five-point scale from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good).
In the study, Zheng took into account a variety of factors, other than medical expansion, that may be related to health. He included country-wide variables like economic development and life expectancy at birth. He also included individual-level variables, such as whether people were married, their levels of education and their income.
Even after all these factors were taken into account, all three types of medical expansion were associated with poorer subjective health over time.
"All of the improvements we might expect to see in subjective health as economies grow and citizens become richer seem to be offset by medical expansion," he said.
Zheng said there are several reasons why medical expansion may actually lead people to feel less healthy. For one, more diseases are discovered or "created," which increases the risk of being diagnosed with "new" diseases. Three examples, he said, include the rise in diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and autism.
In addition, there is more aggressive screening, which turns up more diseases in people. Overdiagnosis can potentially cause harm to perfectly healthy people, he said.
As more medical care becomes more widely available, people may expect better health, perhaps to an unrealistic degree, Zheng said.
"Consumers begin demanding more medical treatment because of the declines in subjective health and the increasing expectations of good health, and medical expansion continues. It is a cycle," Zheng said.
In a separate but related study published online in Social Science Research, Zheng found that Americans' confidence in medicine has declined over the last three decades, again at the same time as medical expansion.
"The decline in confidence has occurred at the same rate, regardless of gender, age, income or any other factor," Zheng said.
This decline occurs even after taking into account many of the same factors used in the other study that may affect confidence in medicine. Related to the other study, the decline in confidence in medicine may be partly due to the adverse effect of medical expansion on individual subjective health. People with worse subjective health generally have lower confidence in medicine.
The study, based on data from the General Social Survey from 1972 to 2008, showed that people's declining confidence in medicine could also be linked to declining trust in doctors' ethics.
"We don't know for sure, but one reason consumers may have less trust in the ethics of their doctors is because of the introduction of managed care in the medical market," Zheng said.
"People may feel that doctors work more for these managed care companies than they do for the patients." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '1422d3b62fb97254a04f1fa8b13696e59fc0580e1eeacd885bf81b6f118fb90a'} |
Senate Democrats
Roll Call Vote in relation to Fischer amendment #184
11:55pm The Senate began a 10 minute roll call vote on motion to waive the budget act with respect to Fischer amendment #184.
Not agreed to: 52-46
1. Gillibrand #82
2. Hatch #180
3. Brown #86
4. Adoption of S.Con.Res.3, FY 2017 Budget Resolution, as amended, if amended | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.870298445224762}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31912', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CZXJMSOYLORXUSH5DHMUZAE4JK4LJYGH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9cd5773e-a1ee-4c21-8159-6b055e3b9aa1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 15, 49, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '156.33.195.227', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:F6GJY4DMBWP4FLK2M4SYVGUR27IWYDSH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7148ae75-fdfc-4960-8121-66ab1b94bc7e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://democrats.senate.gov/2017/01/12/roll-call-vote-in-relation-to-fischer-amendment-184/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0a847b28-9930-4555-afd5-7c9ce5eeef0f>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '55', 'url': 'https://democrats.senate.gov/2017/01/12/roll-call-vote-in-relation-to-fischer-amendment-184/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.054167985916137695', 'original_id': 'aabfeb088832b631384b6e69d4caf8871a214e6e06ff78e9a940f353ebe195fb'} |
Q:
OCUnit tests failing, but Xcode Log Navigator says No Issues
Im having a very sneaky issue in Xcode and its "Log Navigator".
I've recreated the issue like so; I have a very simple OCUnit test:
-(void)testSimpleFailure{
STFail(@"Please fail!");
}
I clean my build, I build my test scheme, and run my tests.
In the output console window I see all my test execute, including the one above. The console displays the test actually ran AND failed:
##teamcity[testFailed name='-|[SimpleTestClassTests.testSimpleFailure|]' message='Please fail!' details='']
HOWEVER, Xcode displays the "Tests Succeeded overlay" and the "Log Navigator" on the left says there are no issues and all is green.
Has anyone else had a similar issue? Does anyone know how to resolve this?
I would very much like to not get a false positive before I commit.
Edited to clarify my question.
A:
I'm running my application-tests and unit-tests on a device. I'm getting the same results as you - tests are failing but the Log Navigator says everything passes. Not only that, I can't set breakpoints in my code.
The solution for me was to "Edit Scheme...", chose the "Test" scheme, and change my Debugger from "LLDB" to "GDB". I'm using Xcode 4.3.2, with my compiler set for all targets to LLVM 3.1
After changing my debugger for the Test scheme to GDB, The Log Navigator reports the test failures, and I can set breakpoints and debug as well while the tests are running.
link: search for "Unit tests crash before executing any code" (LLDB bug) https://github.com/kstenerud/iOS-Universal-Framework
A:
Ok, after about 3 developers over 5 days looking at this problem, we have found a solution:
rm -rf Library/Application\ Support/iPhone\ Simulator
Or, alternatively, if blowing away an entire directory tree isn't your thing:
Go to your iOS Simulator application. Choose iOS Simulator from the top menu and choose "Reset Content and Settings..."
Apparently something gets corrupted between the simulator and Xcode, so Xcode cannot hook to the simulator to watch the tests. Xcode believes no tests ran, therefore the tests pass.
Exactly what causes this, we aren't sure, but after 5 grueling days and 1 solution later, we don't care because we're heading to the nearest bar.
Cheers.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '281b4c67a7236bedbf9e2a2e16411b442c405a0a59f36a4bc39a13b36d0cb11c'} |
PHP Continue Statement
The PHP continue statement is used to skip a specific iteration of a loop.
Keyword – continue;
<?php
$data = [5,2,7,1,9,3];
foreach($data as $num){
// if $num is equal to 7 or 9 then it will skip the current iteration of the loop and go to the next iteration.
if($num == 7 || $num == 9){
continue;
}
echo $num."<br>";
}
echo "After running the loop.";
?> | mini_pile | {'original_id': '048ef1cab8d342307ae6ee0cd93eb800e5a71a9f7d31f208568373616431c6e5'} |
J.R. Harp
October 1, 2012
J.R. Harp, 82, longtime Stigler area resident, died Saturday, Sept. 29, 2012, at Fort Smith.
A native of Quinton, he was born July 16, 1930, to Bevely and Oma (Nichols) Harp. He grew up at Quinton where he received his education. He was married to Sybil Broyles on Sept. 24, 1948. They made their home in several states and began raising a family. He was a mechanic for most of his working career. They made their home at Lequire and the Stigler area for many years before moving to Shady Point in 2000. He was an avid outdoorsman who enjoyed hunting and fishing. He loved to sing bluegrass gospel music and was a faithful member of the Bennington Church at Shady Point. He enjoyed watching western movies, especially movies with “The Duke.” He enjoyed gardening and adored his family.
He is survived by his wife of 64 years, Sybil Harp of the home; four daughters, Joyce English and husband, Loyd, of Stigler, Patricia Parvin of Pocola, Vicki Qualls and husband, Joe, of Shady Point, Sharon Smith and husband, Doren, of Whitefield; five sons, Michael Harp and wife, Rhonda, of Stigler, Darrell Harp of Wilburton, Pearly J.L. Harp of Huntington, Ark.; Gary Harp of Kinta, Terry Harp and wife, Tammy, of Quinton; 20 grandchildren; 28 great-grandchildren; one great-great-grandchild; one sister, Linda Carney of Russellville, Ark.; one brother, Charles Harp of Hoyt; as well as many, many special friends.
He is preceded in death by his parents, Bevely and Oma Harp; three brothers, Herman, Bob and Dalton Harp; three sisters, Norma Mendez, Bonnie Strain and Jewel Fletcher; and one son-in-law, Jimmy Parvin.
Funeral services will be 2 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 2, at Stigler First Assembly of God with Pastor Tim Painter officiating. Pallbearers will be James English, David Harp, Michael Qualls, Dustin Harp, Brandon Harp and Tustin Harp.
Honorary pallbearers will be Aaron Smith, Keith English, Todd Smith and Josh Zuber.
Burial will be in Sans Bois Cemetery under the direction of King and Shearwood Funeral Home of Stigler. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'beb5f7bc2f755ef84af0a5344e933a9aaf8d34b57dc5788e0ea7251dfd6afa00'} |
101 reputation
bio website
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comment How is it that an unchanging and omniscient God can have “regret” as He did in Gen 6:7? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9470383524894714}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33788', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PFIHHYCJJJF6MT6FAHANRBDIEHWWINID', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:79f133ce-b530-493f-9846-4884ed915077>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 22, 41, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.206.16', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VQ5YPVVXQQFAVQOBSA2TRZ7X6TZEJY3L', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:30cc43e9-66fb-4827-aed1-4e97d07523c8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/2233/userseven7s?tab=activity&sort=comments', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9e233cba-ef15-47fb-9b76-54b9764877d4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '60', 'url': 'http://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/2233/userseven7s?tab=activity&sort=comments', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.915934681892395', 'original_id': 'fb2b78aff0de27414ad41e94a1af823bef9d865603a83dd4d0751b39980c1a7c'} |
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do you speak palinese?
By September 15, 2008Politics
I just received this…and couldn’t wait to repost it. No idea who wrote, so I can’t give credit…
If you’re a minority and you’re selected for a job over more qualified candidates you’re a ‘token hire.’
If you’re a conservative and you’re selected for a job over more qualified candidates you’re a ‘game changer.’
Black teen pregnancies? A ‘crisis’ in black America.
White teen pregnancies? A ‘blessed event.’
If you grow up in Hawaii you’re ‘exotic.’
Similarly, if you name you kid Barack you’re unpatriotic.’
Name your kid ‘Track’, you’re ‘colorful.’
If you’re a Democrat and you make a VP pick without fully vetting the individual you’re ‘reckless.’
A Republican who doesn’t fully vet his VP pick is a ‘maverick.’
If you are a Democratic male candidate who is popular with millions of people you are an ‘arrogant celebrity’.
If you are a popular Republican female candidate you are ‘energizing the base’.
If you are a younger male candidate who thinks for himself and makes his own decisions you are ‘presumptuous’.
If you are an older male candidate who makes last minute decisions you refuse to explain, you are a ‘shoot from the hip’ maverick.
If you are a candidate with a Harvard law degree you are ‘an elitist-out of touch’ with the real America.
If you manage a multi-million dollar nationwide campaign, you are an ’empty suit’.
If you are a part time mayor of a town of 9,000 people, you are an ‘experienced executive’.
If you go to a south side Chicago church, your beliefs are ‘extremist’.
If you believe in creationism and don’t believe global warming is man made, you are ‘strongly principled’.
If you have been married to the same woman with whom you’ve been wed to for 19 years and raising 2 beautiful daughters with, you’re ‘risky’.
If you cheated on your first wife with a rich heiress, and left your disfigured wife and married the heiress the month after you are divorced, you’re a good Christian
If you’re a 13-year-old Chelsea Clinton, the right-wing press calls you ‘First dog.’
If you’re a 17-year old pregnant unwed daughter of a Republican, the right-wing press calls you ‘beautiful’ and ‘courageous.’
Join the discussion 8 Comments
• --Deb says:
Don’t knock McCain for his war service, though. That’s poor form. He DID serve and suffer for his country, and deserves respect for that–no matter why or how he got into Annapolis in the first place. But otherwise? Um, yeah!
• Julie Roads says:
Right, Deb…I agree on that…but I think the point is that he isn’t squeaky clean here, that there’s more than is being portrayed.
• --Deb says:
Oh, I agree on all the other points, no question. And, having liked McCain well enough in the past, I’m saddened by how vitrolic his campaign has become … but you can’t deny that he has worked his whole life for his country and that he WAS a war hero. Granted, that was a number of years ago (grin), but still!
Now, if only he could get that sense of fair play back….
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@import (reference) "../../../assets/css/index";
@import "../../Checkbox/style/mixin";
@transfer-prefix-cls: ~"@{fishd-prefix}-transfer";
@iconfont-prefix: ~"fishdicon";
.@{transfer-prefix-cls} {
.reset-component;
position: relative;
&-list {
border: @border-width-base @border-style-base @border-color-base;
display: inline-block;
border-radius: @border-radius-base;
vertical-align: middle;
position: relative;
width: 200px;
height: 240px;
padding-top: 34px;
&-with-footer {
padding-bottom: 34px;
}
&-search {
padding: 0 @control-padding-horizontal-sm;
&-action {
color: @disabled-color;
position: absolute;
top: 4px;
right: 4px;
bottom: 4px;
width: 28px;
line-height: @input-height-base;
text-align: center;
/* stylelint-disable-next-line */
.@{iconfont-prefix} {
transition: all 0.3s;
color: @disabled-color;
/* stylelint-disable-next-line */
&:hover {
color: @text-color-secondary;
}
}
/* stylelint-disable-next-line */
span& {
pointer-events: none;
}
}
}
&-header {
padding: 6px @control-padding-horizontal;
border-radius: @border-radius-base @border-radius-base 0 0;
background: @component-background;
color: @text-color;
border-bottom: @border-width-base @border-style-base @border-color-split;
overflow: hidden;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 32px;
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position: absolute;
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&-selected {
position: absolute;
right: 12px;
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position: relative;
height: 100%;
&-search-wrapper {
position: absolute;
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left: 0;
padding: 4px;
width: 100%;
}
}
&-body-with-search {
padding-top: @input-height-base + 8px;
}
&-content {
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
.scrollbar();
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
> .LazyLoad {
animation: transferHighlightIn 1s;
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&-item {
padding: 6px @control-padding-horizontal;
min-height: 32px;
transition: all 0.3s;
display: flex;
/* stylelint-disable-next-line */
&-text {
flex: 1;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
/* stylelint-disable-next-line */
&-close {
display: inline-block;
width: 14px;
height: 100%;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
color: @text-9;
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/* stylelint-disable-next-line */
&-close:hover {
color: @text-6;
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}
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cursor: pointer;
background-color: @item-hover-bg;
}
&-item-disabled {
cursor: not-allowed;
color: @btn-disable-color;
}
}
&-body-not-found {
padding-top: 0;
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text-align: center;
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: 100%;
margin-top: -10px;
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display: block;
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&-footer {
border-top: @border-width-base @border-style-base @border-color-split;
border-radius: 0 0 @border-radius-base @border-radius-base;
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margin: 0 8px;
vertical-align: middle;
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display: block;
&:first-child {
margin-bottom: 4px;
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.@{iconfont-prefix} {
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0% {
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100% {
background: transparent;
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| mini_pile | {'original_id': '7e25003377f183de69dc0a9bd8d359d50499d82ac39d4065fc347fb5173fcd3c'} |
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