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Aug 21, 2012
Crown The Liar - Dead World Anthology - Promo Review
Album Year: 2012
Genre: Mathcore
Location: Atlanta, GA
1. Deadbeat Messiah
2. Is He A Shamus Or A Toxophilite
3. Parli del Diavolo, Sputano Le Corna
4. Bizarre: Plight of the Filth Peddler
5. Dead Tooth Grime
6. Crow's Throat
Offering unique explosive elements of several mind boggling genres, Crown The Liar are an exciting new taste to erupt within the underground metal scene. The EP titled 'Dead World Anthology', reels in six detonating tracks of carnage filled noise-core. As if this genre hasn't been tampered with enough, it's just as well that Crown The Liar sound as rare as they come.
Starting track 'Deadbeat Messiah' proves there's enough spastic fueled guitar nonsense to pummel the listener's ears with such a furious racket. Driven by a vocalist who is clearly talented using an intense range of screams - both highs and lows, as well as shouts and talking vocals, revealing a mere interesting personality to the band.
Although it's difficult to tell the difference between most of the tracks there's still something here keeping you asking for more. The mathcore influences from legendary metalers The Dillinger Escape Plan are easily noticeable throughout. Whilst also mashing together a sound that early Arsonists Get All The Girls would approve of.
Favourable track amongst them all is most certainly 'Dead Tooth Grime', despite the silly title the track offers relentless and deranged promise with its short, yet interesting style of mathcore meets berserk instrument abuse. Final song 'Crow's Throat' bellows more of a breather than the previous tracks, using more of the talkative vocals and calming guitar riffs to really satisfy throughout. Infact, the track takes pretty much a completely different direction from the others, nearly sounding like Bring Me The Horizon.
Crown The Liar would serve to fit many looking to broaden their horizon of genres, but it would appear some of the talent becomes wasted when the music appears somewhat sloppy. Don't be fooled into thinking this EP is total tosh as I'm sure this is the start of a decent band full of determination heading for bigger things.
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Let Us News Episode 2. Let Us News wants to make news fun and easy for kids to understand. Our objective is not to promote any ideology but to use news as a tool to help kids learn and be connected to the world. Please subscribe to our channel and give us your comments.
Click here to download the worksheet
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Anesthetic efficacy of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for maxillary infiltrations.
The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was to measure the degree of anesthesia obtained with 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in maxillary infiltrations. Ninety-six adult subjects randomly received infiltrations of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of the lidocaine solution at two separate appointments, in a crossover design. Thirty-two lateral incisors, 32 first premolars and 32 first molars were studied in this investigation. Anesthetic success (obtaining two consecutive 80 readings with the electric pulp tester) for the two volumes ranged from 97% to 100%. The onset of pulpal anesthesia was not statistically different between the two volumes. For both volumes, the lateral incisors had a higher percentage of anesthesia of short duration than the first premolar and first molar. The 3.6 mL volume provided a statistically longer duration of pulpal anesthesia for the lateral incisor, first premolar, and first molar. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3ef226d6f9096a6fd4197ba088393419e386e65241a994667c85fd1dd3f666b7'} |
My Double Lung Transplant
Sunday, July 8, 2007
A Night in the Sleep Lab
Yes, yes my children, I am back, and I survived my night in the sleep lab.
I left at 8:40pm - I knew I'd end up being late, b/c I had to go to Shoppers to get some stuff before my official departure. Upon my drive to the lab, I got really really upset. I didn't cry, I just got angry. It was such a gorgeous night out - hot, humid, but not overly so. The kind of night where you can just lounge outside and not worry about it cooling off b/c you know it won't. The sun was a bright hot fireball in the sky, making it gorgeous shades of orange, red, peach and some purple. I wanted nothing more than to turn around and go home, and spend the night outside - or to be at the beach, watching the sun set.
But where was I going? Lucky little me was hauling ass to another city for an ultra fun, invite only, sleep over. This was not, and is not, how i pictured my summer. I had plans this year - and who knows if these plans would even fall through, the fact of the matter is they were things that I really wanted to do with my friends but I now can't. Things like going camping, and to the cottage and the beach (not just Emerald Lake, which is fun! but I'm talking Sauble people!) - as well as Canada's Wonderland!!!
But now, I can't:( I can't bring The Monster anywhere b/c it weighs 55lbs and as we know cottages up here, they're crappy but that's half the fun. I don't want to be liable for it breaking through the floor. I can't go to Wonderland b/c I don't have the lung capacity to navigate the park all day. I can't go camping b/c it would phyiscally destroy me. I have no energy for anything anymore. It has been zapped, and right along with it has gone my desire to do anything, and that really makes me mad. Hopefully next summer I will be better and back to my crazy self.
Anywho, enough of my mushiness and "this sucks!" rant. I'm going to shut up and bring you into the world I entered last night.
So i get to the sleep lab at 9:27pm. I sat in my car and wasted time. Eventually i got out and walked to the door, punched in the top secret number (009) and told the people i was there. About 3 minutes later the nurse man (b/c he was a nurse, but he was a man) came down and let me in.
"So you're on oxygen at night?" he asked. "How come?"
What a stupid fucking question, I thought. "B/c I have breathing problems. My oxygen sats get really low at night and I don't sleep well..." What did he expect me to say, "B/c i feel like it!". I shouldn't say bad things b/c he was really nice but still - stupid question!
He said, "ok."
I get to my room which looked very much like a hotel. I was impressed. They told me to fill out the form so I did. It asked questions like why I was there and a list of all my medications and stuff. The guy left and shut the door so I could put my jammies on. As soon as he shut the door I whipped my camera out and began taking pictures. Yes people - I got them! 21 in total!
Connie, the woman responsible for sticking the electrodes on, told me she had to get to some people before me b/c they were tired, and asked if it was ok if i let her attend to them first. I didn't have a problem with it so I let her. She told me the total length of time it takes when applying the electrodes is 30-40 minutes. When my time came she took me to a little room and sat me on some crappy orange metal chair. She swabbed me with alcohol. She scrubbed my head really hard and I asked her if it would take my hair colour out, since I had just gotten it done. She said no and that made me happy, even though she really was scrubbing my head to death. She then scrubbed my face and chin, part of my chest and my legs. She did my legs twice and discovered I had fake tanner on (don't tell anyone!) so now i have a huge strip of paleness on my legs with streaks on my feet. Thanx, Connie!!
She then explained what everything was for. What she said, I don't remember. She proceeded to glue, YES, GLUE, the electrodes to my head, face (under my eyes and middle of my forhead, and under my chin, behind me ears), chest, and legs. Once they are glued on she tapes them. I had wires everywhere. I sat there and I didn't smile. I felt like I was sitting in the electric chair. I couldn't stop coughing the entire time. Get ready for stupid question #2, b/c it's really dumb: I'm sitting there, coughing as I do, and she asked me in a monotone, "Do you have a cough?"
When she finished she sent me off to my room. I went wild when she left. I took so many pictures of me rigged up b/c I wanted to make some memories, and I don't entirely know if taking pics was ok. I had a regular camera and an infrared attached to the ceiling. So far, no one has said anything...
So the night began and she ran some tests to see if everything worked which it did. But 10 minutes into my sleep she comes in and says something has moved, she fixes it, leaves, comes back and fixes it again. Blah blah, either way I was getting pissed off that she was messing up my results and I was going to do really bad on this sleep lab. It was bad enough I kept waking up from coughing.
At 2am she came in and asked if i was ok. I was in a deep sleep and she destroyed it. I said, "Yeah, how come?" and she said, "Your oxygen level dropped really low.." and i said, "Oh, it probably fell off..." which not to my surprise, it did. It was that moment i had an epiphany and realized that this was the real thing - i am really dependent on O2 at night and my lungs are really crapping out on me. Oh well.
Blah blah skip ahead 3 hours...MORNING TIME! WAKE THE HELL UP! DING DING DING! I wake up at 5:50 and she rips everything off me and sends me on my way. I am shocked at the amount of glue stuck on my head. She caked it on. When she ripped the tape off from under my eye she took some skin with it and i've got a nice little scratch. Again - thanx Connie!!
Ok so that's it for now. I'm sorry this wasn't more entertaining. I must add though, as yesterday was 07/07/07, guess what room number I was in?? #7! How weird eh!
Have a good day and enjoy this bizarre weather - wherever you are.
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Kiboko
The Kiboko 22L+
It has been called the 'Holy Grail' of photo bags.
"Their attention to its little features reaches near Jobsian proportions."
- Cult of Mac
Legendary opening.
The popular 'butterfly' style opening is ideal for working in tight spaces and helps protect your gear from the elements. Both side compartments open individually like butterfly wings. The flaps automatically lay back in place to help protect your gear from dust, rain, and debris.
Your laptop goes where you go.
The Kiboko 22L+ will handle just about any laptop you can throw at it, including a 17" MacBook Pro. To the brave souls who actually pack around a 17" MBP, we salute you! Regardless of what size laptop you need to bring along, this is the ultimate all-in-one backpack for the traveling photographer.
Travel Ready
We understand airline travel is a hassle and worrying about your bag meeting carry-on restrictions just adds to the stress. The Kiboko 22L+ was designed specifically to meet carry-on restrictions so you can worry about more important things, like peanuts or pretzels. Whether you're flying on a large international jet or a small puddle jumper, this bag goes where you go!
Weight
Exterior Dimensions
We got your back
No matter how light the bag is, a bag full of glass and bodies is always heavy. We put memory foam shoulder straps on the Kiboko 22L+ to help you carry your load more comfortably. You could say we got your back!
When you are out for a quick shoot, and want to trim some weight, you can simply remove the waist belt and leave it home. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '5a0650a5afccf105e86d8c7253e06e676f58a56398b21e54feb09cf812e9a115'} |
Selected Information on Nutrition and Physical Conditioning
Omega-3 against polyps
Colorectal polyps, while benign most of the time, can become cancerous tumors. Individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) possess a genetic mutation that results in the development of multiple polyps and a greatly increased risk of colorectal cancer. Randomized trials have demonstrated a colorectal cancer-protective effect for the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory sunlindac and the COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib in FAP patients. However, COX-2 inhibitors are associated with cardiovascular toxicity in older users and may not be entirely safe in younger patients as well.
A randomized, double-blinded trial, described in an article published online on March 18, 2010 in the journal Gut, included 55 men and women with FAP who had undergone removal of their colons to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Participants received two capsules twice daily of enteric-coated eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) or placebo capsules for 6 months. The omega-3 fatty acid EPA has been shown to have an anticancer activity in cultured colorectal cancer cells and in other studies.
Subjects underwent endoscopic examination of the rectum at the beginning of the trial and at the conclusion of the treatment period, during which the number and size of polyps in a defined area were measured. There was a 2.6 fold increase in mucosal EPA levels in those who received the free fatty acid compared with the placebo. While the number of polyps in both groups was similar at baseline, they increased by 9.7 percent in those who received a placebo while decreasing by 12.4 percent in the EPA group, resulting in an average 22.4 reduction in polyp number in the EPA group compared to the placebo group. Polyp size, as assessed by the sum of polyp diameters, increased by 17.2 percent among those who received a placebo and decreased by 12.6 percent in the EPA group, which represents an average 29.8% decrease in the group that received EPA compared with the placebo group.
The authors remark that the reduction in the number and size of polyps in a short intervention period suggests that the activity elicited by EPA consists of a combination of regression of existing polyps and prevention of new growth. They note that delivery of the fatty acid in enteric-coated capsules could explain the absence of minor upper gastrointestinal effects in the current trial’s participants, which have been reported with prolonged use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The study shares similar methodology with a trial involving the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib, which also documented a decrease in polyp number among those who received active treatment. “EPA-FFA has chemopreventative efficacy in FAP, to a degree similar to that previously observed with selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors,” the authors conclude. “EPA holds promise as a colorectal cancer chemoprevention agent with a favorable safety profile.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '411df54bc0768c863e8991ee7e30d2974edae89104144389726c68c5dfa4d8fc'} |
Oak Meadows Farm
Quail eggs are considered a delicacy in many parts of the world, including Asia, Europe, and North America. In Japanese cuisine, they are sometimes used raw or cooked as tamago in sushi and often found in bento lunches.
These Whatcom County quail are raised in a free to fly system where they have plenty of room. They never receive hormones or antibiotics and are fed feed from Skagit County.
18 small eggs/carton
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Let 's Support to Build Our Masjid in Houston
By: Ust. H.M. Khalid Basalamah, MA
A. Definition of Mosque
The word masjid comes from Sajada which means a place of prostration or a place of prayer, place of worship to Allah Azza wa jalla.
The earth is a mosque for Muslims. Every Muslim may perform prayers anywhere on this earth, except in a cemetery, grave or other places regarded as ritually unclean. In addition to the word mosque, musholla is another term found in the Qur’an (QS; 2:5), which basically has the same meaning as the mosque, but musholla is a place to perform prayers in an open field. Rasulullah (saw) performed the Eid prayers in musholla.
In Indonesia, several terms are commonly used to indicate a place for performing prayers, such as: tajug, langgar, surau , etc. This is usually a small-sized mosque, but it is not used for Friday prayers. While musholla is normally a room or part of a larger building (marketplaces, terminals, offices, homes and so forth).
B. Building a Mosque: A Responsibility For Muslims
According to the teachings of Islam, people of the Islamic faith are obligated to build a special building called masjid in each place where their followers congregate or reside. This obligation also applies to Muslims to provide a special room for prayer and prostration even in a place of residence, such a house that is deemed to be large enough.
Also, according to numerous Hadiths, Rasulullah (pbuh) instructed followers of Islam to build a mosque. Therefore, we can conclude that a house that Allah (swt) loves most is the house that has a special room inside for doing prayers and prostration. And an area that Allah (swt) loves most is the area that has a mosque.
In the Hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah, Rasullulah (saw) said:
“Mosques are parts of a country that Allah (swt) loves most, while marketplaces are parts of a country that Allah (swt) hates most.” (HR.Muslim)
One of the characteristics of an Islamic community or Islamic region is the presence of a mosque. It constitutes an act of negligence if there is no mosque in a place where the majority of its population belongs to the Islamic faith. And it is incumbent upon Muslims who reside in a place where there is no mosque, or know that no mosque is present in a place that has a Muslim majority, to build a mosque through joint, cooperative efforts.
People who are rich or leaders belonging to the Islamic faith have an obligation to make efforts towards building a mosque in every place where Muslims assemble: marketplaces, terminals, schools, offices, and others.
Building a mosque constitutes jihad fi sabilillah (in the cause of Allah). It is an act of great reward, investing in good deeds that offer continuous rewards for those who build a mosque even though they have died.
C. Requirements for Building a Mosque
The building shape of a mosque should be adapted to its functions and purposes. A Muslim architect has the freedom to determine the shape and model of a mosque, because these are part of ijtihadiyah problems, meaning that the mosque building should not resemble a place of worship belonging to other religions or a place where people are engaged in adultery (maksiat), absolutely forbidden by Allah (swt).
The ideal building of a mosque is one whose architecture is capable of bringing to each of the prayers a feeling of peace, spiritual tranquility, and inner satisfaction in the face of Allah, the Almighty. Consequently, everyone inside a mosque can feel the quiet and solemn atmosphere, offering them a motivation to always visit the mosque to worship. This includes the neatness of the building, the officials (imam, muadzdzin= a person who leads and recites the call to prayer, morbat = custodian or keeper of the mosque) who must be knowledgeable and willing to take care of the house of Allah Azza wa Jalla), the cleanliness inside and outside the mosque and, also the place of ablution and bathrooms.
Two important things to remember when building a mosque:
1. Being totally sincere to Allah, the Almighty.
2. Having resources (funds) that are lawful in accordance with Islamic law and honorable.
Every Muslim who is sincere in building a mosque will be rewarded a palace in Paradise.
As narrated by Utsman bin Affan (ra): I heard Rasulullah (saw) said:
“Whoever builds a mosque in the cause of Allah, Allah will build him a palace in His Paradise.” (HR. Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid wa Mawahi’ as-Shalah)
General Principles in Building a Mosque:
1. It must be in accordance with its standing as a Muslim holy place, honored and respected.
2. It must be accordance with its function as a place and center of activities of worship, preaching, and education.
3. It has the goal of creating human beings who fear of Allah (swt)
4. It is safe (secured) from acts forbidden by Allah (swt) and, in particular there should be no cemetery or grave.
Rasulullah (saw) said in Hadith:
From ‘Aisyah(ra) that Umm Habibah and Umm Salamah told Rasulullah (saw) about a church that they see in the country of Habasyah, where there are pictures inside the church. Then Rasulullah (saw) said “Surely they among themselves when there are people who are faithful who died, so they build on the grave a mosque/place of worship, and they put in it the pictures to commemorate those faithful people. They are the worst creatures in the sight of Allah on the Judgment Day. (HR. Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid wa Mawadhi’ as-Shalah)
In another Hadith:
From ‘Aisyah (ra) he said; Rasulullah (saw) said when he was sick that made him unable to get up before his death, he remarked: “Allah has cursed the Jews and the Christians; they make the graves of their prophets as places of worship (HR. Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid wa Mawadhi’ as-Shalah)
Also in another Hadith:
From Jundab (ra) he said: I heard the Prophet (saw) said five days before he died, “Surely I leave it to Allah that I am not going to make one of you as my lover, because Allah ta’ala has made me as His lover just as He had made Abraham as his lover. If I were allowed to designate a lover from among my people, then I will undoubtedly make Abu Bakr as a lover. Remember that people before you were used to make the tomb of the prophets and faithful people among them as places of worship; surely, I forbid you to do such a thing.” (HR. Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid wa Mawadhi’ as-Shalah)
5. The cleanliness of a mosque. Officials of a mosque must encourage people who come to pray to help keep the mosque clean at all times.
Rasulullah (saw) said:
From Anas bin Malik (ra) he said: Rasulullah (saw) said “spitting in the mosque is a wrong action and its expiation is to bury it.” (HR. Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid wa Mawadhi’ as-Shalah)
Also in another Hadith:
From Ibnu Umar (ra) Rasulullah (saw) said: “Everyone who eats vegetable like this should not get closer to our mosques until the smell has gone.” Vegetable here refers to garlic (HR. Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid wa Mawadhi’ as-Shalah)
In building or constructing a mosque, we need to pay attention to these important requirements:
1. It must be in accordance with its function, goals and roles.
2. It must face in the direction of Qibla.
3. Avoid identities showing the influence/symbol of other religions.
4. Avoid exaggeration (tabdzir) or doing in an excessive manner.
Make sure that not even one inch of the building that will not have any function, and not one penny should be wasted because the funds to build the mosque are people’s funds that must be spent as economically as possible.
5. It can guarantee the safety of prayers who worship at the mosque.
6. To take into account the aesthetic value of the building.
7. To equip the building with facilities for worship and preaching activities.
In addition, there are other significant aspects that we need to consider:
1. Technology
The structural engineering of the building must meet quality standards. But it should avoid doing in an excessive manner. Utilize properly building materials, use building materials and labor available in the area concerned, thereby providing local community with additional income.
2. Sociology
The standard of living, education, and social customs must be taken into consideration in order that local community is prepared to accept the construction of a mosque.
3. Planology
The construction of the mosque must be in accordance with the layout of the city so that the mosque will add to the beauty of the environment and it is extremely important to ensure that the mosque will be within easy reach of prayers to come to the mosque.
4. Physical
The physical aspects of the building also must be in accordance with the local climate so that prayers will feel safe, comfortable, and feel at home in the mosque.
5. Economy
The construction of a mosque must take into account the community’s economic capability in building and maintaining the mosque. Building a mosque would become less suitable if it somehow interferes with the economic capability of the community. To build a mosque should in no way neglect the responsibility of Muslims to assist the poor. The ultimate goal of constructing a mosque is to achieve human development. A mosque is only a tool designed to attain that goal. This means that to build a beautiful and magnificent mosque will become less meaningful if human development is not reached because all resources are being fully spent for the physical construction of a mosque.
6. Management
The construction of a mosque must be done in an open democratic way with the bottom-up strategy because it represents a project by Muslims/prayers and not a project by government or a certain group. The management of the construction of a mosque must be aimed at achieving unity and brotherhood (islah), safety and harmony (Islam), good deeds (hasanah) , benevolence (kebajikan) and benefit (kemaslahatan)
7. Maintenance
The construction of a mosque must be accompanied by a plan to maintain the mosque that includes planning for upkeep and development of the mosque. Therefore, the construction of the mosque must be equipped with the means and facilities for the development of officials, library, and preaching activities.
Get Updates | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '18', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9529030919075012}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '32896', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WZLMHGNMS4LIB5HMWODSKSGKNYBW2JNT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b1820a35-9c9d-4749-9ef1-54c91299af37>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 22, 6, 59, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.208.224.107', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FCUK6J3YMWTF4LY4OY4J2KXMNWSWEKAW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:784908d5-059d-4b1c-b4fa-83dbc307967a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.iamchouston.org/index.php/rss/117-let-us-support-to-build-our-masjid-in-houston', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cf1aee68-c94b-44a4-a957-9acb289492d5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1681', 'url': 'http://www.iamchouston.org/index.php/rss/117-let-us-support-to-build-our-masjid-in-houston', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-144-201-71.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03462398052215576', 'original_id': '25ca554d5104bf00d8c204fd75340434c2a2953aaf021dd23fc1aa9b5c20e366'} |
import { xFindClosestIndex } from './xFindClosestIndex';
/**
* Returns an object with {fromIndex, toIndex} for a specific from / to
*
* @param {Array} x
* @param {object} [options={}]
* @param {number} [options.from] - First value for xyIntegration in the X scale
* @param {number} [options.fromIndex=0] - First point for xyIntegration
* @param {number} [options.to] - Last value for xyIntegration in the X scale
* @param {number} [options.toIndex=x.length-1] - Last point for xyIntegration
*/
/**
* @param x
* @param options
*/
export function xGetFromToIndex(x, options = {}) {
let { fromIndex, toIndex, from, to } = options;
if (fromIndex === undefined) {
if (from !== undefined) {
fromIndex = xFindClosestIndex(x, from);
} else {
fromIndex = 0;
}
}
if (toIndex === undefined) {
if (to !== undefined) {
toIndex = xFindClosestIndex(x, to);
} else {
toIndex = x.length - 1;
}
}
if (fromIndex > toIndex) [fromIndex, toIndex] = [toIndex, fromIndex];
return { fromIndex, toIndex };
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/josoriom/spectra-processing/blob/master/src/x/xGetFromToIndex.js', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'spectra-processing', 'creator': 'josoriom', 'language': 'JavaScript', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '159', 'token_count': '360', '__index_level_0__': '6504', 'original_id': '65dbcef961f357aae8812f8e1913aa95225321f1e45402ad86a7d321a8862b11'} |
/*
** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.191 2006/06/02 15:34:00 roberto Exp $
** Basic library
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define lbaselib_c
#define LUA_LIB
#include "lua.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
#include "lualib.h"
/*
** If your system does not support `stdout', you can just remove this function.
** If you need, you can define your own `print' function, following this
** model but changing `fputs' to put the strings at a proper place
** (a console window or a log file, for instance).
*/
static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
int i;
lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
const char *s;
lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */
lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */
lua_call(L, 1, 1);
s = lua_tostring(L, -1); /* get result */
if (s == NULL)
return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to "
LUA_QL("print"));
if (i>1) fputs("\t", stdout);
fputs(s, stdout);
lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
}
fputs("\n", stdout);
return 0;
}
static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
int base = luaL_optint(L, 2, 10);
if (base == 10) { /* standard conversion */
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
if (lua_isnumber(L, 1)) {
lua_pushnumber(L, lua_tonumber(L, 1));
return 1;
}
}
else {
const char *s1 = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
char *s2;
unsigned long n;
luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
n = strtoul(s1, &s2, base);
if (s1 != s2) { /* at least one valid digit? */
while (isspace((unsigned char)(*s2))) s2++; /* skip trailing spaces */
if (*s2 == '\0') { /* no invalid trailing characters? */
lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)n);
return 1;
}
}
}
lua_pushnil(L); /* else not a number */
return 1;
}
static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
lua_settop(L, 1);
if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */
luaL_where(L, level);
lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
lua_concat(L, 2);
}
return lua_error(L);
}
static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
lua_pushnil(L);
return 1; /* no metatable */
}
luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
}
static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
int t = lua_type(L, 2);
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
"nil or table expected");
if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
lua_settop(L, 2);
lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
return 1;
}
static void getfunc (lua_State *L) {
if (lua_isfunction(L, 1)) lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
else {
lua_Debug ar;
int level = luaL_optint(L, 1, 1);
luaL_argcheck(L, level >= 0, 1, "level must be non-negative");
if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar) == 0)
luaL_argerror(L, 1, "invalid level");
lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar);
if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
luaL_error(L, "no function environment for tail call at level %d",
level);
}
}
static int luaB_getfenv (lua_State *L) {
getfunc(L);
if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) /* is a C function? */
lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); /* return the thread's global env. */
else
lua_getfenv(L, -1);
return 1;
}
static int luaB_setfenv (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
getfunc(L);
lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
if (lua_isnumber(L, 1) && lua_tonumber(L, 1) == 0) {
/* change environment of current thread */
lua_pushthread(L);
lua_insert(L, -2);
lua_setfenv(L, -2);
return 0;
}
else if (lua_iscfunction(L, -2) || lua_setfenv(L, -2) == 0)
luaL_error(L,
LUA_QL("setfenv") " cannot change environment of given object");
return 1;
}
static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
luaL_checkany(L, 2);
lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
return 1;
}
static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
luaL_checkany(L, 2);
lua_settop(L, 2);
lua_rawget(L, 1);
return 1;
}
static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
luaL_checkany(L, 2);
luaL_checkany(L, 3);
lua_settop(L, 3);
lua_rawset(L, 1);
return 1;
}
static int luaB_gcinfo (lua_State *L) {
lua_pushinteger(L, lua_getgccount(L));
return 1;
}
static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
"count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul", NULL};
static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL};
int o = luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts);
int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
int res = lua_gc(L, optsnum[o], ex);
switch (optsnum[o]) {
case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
return 1;
}
case LUA_GCSTEP: {
lua_pushboolean(L, res);
return 1;
}
default: {
lua_pushnumber(L, res);
return 1;
}
}
}
static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
return 1;
}
static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
if (lua_next(L, 1))
return 2;
else {
lua_pushnil(L);
return 1;
}
}
static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
lua_pushnil(L); /* and initial value */
return 3;
}
static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
i++; /* next value */
lua_pushinteger(L, i);
lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 0 : 2;
}
static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */
return 3;
}
static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) {
if (status == 0) /* OK? */
return 1;
else {
lua_pushnil(L);
lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */
return 2; /* return nil plus error message */
}
}
static int luaB_loadstring (lua_State *L) {
size_t l;
const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
return load_aux(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, l, chunkname));
}
static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
return load_aux(L, luaL_loadfile(L, fname));
}
/*
** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
** reserved slot inside the stack.
*/
static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
(void)ud; /* to avoid warnings */
luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */
lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */
if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
*size = 0;
return NULL;
}
else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) {
lua_replace(L, 3); /* save string in a reserved stack slot */
return lua_tolstring(L, 3, size);
}
else luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
}
static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
int status;
const char *cname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
lua_settop(L, 3); /* function, eventual name, plus one reserved slot */
status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, cname);
return load_aux(L, status);
}
static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
int n = lua_gettop(L);
if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != 0) lua_error(L);
lua_call(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
return lua_gettop(L) - n;
}
static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
return lua_gettop(L);
}
static int luaB_unpack (lua_State *L) {
int i, e, n;
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_getn(L, 1));
n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */
if (n <= 0) return 0; /* empty range */
luaL_checkstack(L, n, "table too big to unpack");
for (; i<=e; i++) /* push arg[i...e] */
lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
return n;
}
static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
int n = lua_gettop(L);
if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
return 1;
}
else {
int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
if (i < 0) i = n + i;
else if (i > n) i = n;
luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
return n - i;
}
}
static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
int status;
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
status = lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L) - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0);
lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
lua_insert(L, 1);
return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
}
static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
int status;
luaL_checkany(L, 2);
lua_settop(L, 2);
lua_insert(L, 1); /* put error function under function to be called */
status = lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 1);
lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
lua_replace(L, 1);
return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
}
static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
luaL_checkany(L, 1);
if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* is there a metafield? */
return 1; /* use its value */
switch (lua_type(L, 1)) {
case LUA_TNUMBER:
lua_pushstring(L, lua_tostring(L, 1));
break;
case LUA_TSTRING:
lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
break;
case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? "true" : "false"));
break;
case LUA_TNIL:
lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
break;
default:
lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, 1), lua_topointer(L, 1));
break;
}
return 1;
}
static int luaB_newproxy (lua_State *L) {
lua_settop(L, 1);
lua_newuserdata(L, 0); /* create proxy */
if (lua_toboolean(L, 1) == 0)
return 1; /* no metatable */
else if (lua_isboolean(L, 1)) {
lua_newtable(L); /* create a new metatable `m' ... */
lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* ... and mark `m' as a valid metatable */
lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
lua_rawset(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* weaktable[m] = true */
}
else {
int validproxy = 0; /* to check if weaktable[metatable(u)] == true */
if (lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
validproxy = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
}
luaL_argcheck(L, validproxy, 1, "boolean or proxy expected");
lua_getmetatable(L, 1); /* metatable is valid; get it */
}
lua_setmetatable(L, 2);
return 1;
}
static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
{"assert", luaB_assert},
{"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
{"dofile", luaB_dofile},
{"error", luaB_error},
{"gcinfo", luaB_gcinfo},
{"getfenv", luaB_getfenv},
{"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
{"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
{"load", luaB_load},
{"loadstring", luaB_loadstring},
{"next", luaB_next},
{"pcall", luaB_pcall},
{"print", luaB_print},
{"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
{"rawget", luaB_rawget},
{"rawset", luaB_rawset},
{"select", luaB_select},
{"setfenv", luaB_setfenv},
{"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
{"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
{"tostring", luaB_tostring},
{"type", luaB_type},
{"unpack", luaB_unpack},
{"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
{NULL, NULL}
};
/*
** {======================================================
** Coroutine library
** =======================================================
*/
static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
int status;
if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg))
luaL_error(L, "too many arguments to resume");
if (lua_status(co) == 0 && lua_gettop(co) == 0) {
lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine");
return -1; /* error flag */
}
lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
status = lua_resume(co, narg);
if (status == 0 || status == LUA_YIELD) {
int nres = lua_gettop(co);
if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres))
luaL_error(L, "too many results to resume");
lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */
return nres;
}
else {
lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */
return -1; /* error flag */
}
}
static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
int r;
luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
if (r < 0) {
lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
lua_insert(L, -2);
return 2; /* return false + error message */
}
else {
lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */
}
}
static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
if (r < 0) {
if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */
luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */
lua_insert(L, -2);
lua_concat(L, 2);
}
lua_error(L); /* propagate error */
}
return r;
}
static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
lua_State *NL = lua_newthread(L);
luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isfunction(L, 1) && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1,
"Lua function expected");
lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */
lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */
return 1;
}
static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
luaB_cocreate(L);
lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
return 1;
}
static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
}
static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
if (L == co) lua_pushliteral(L, "running");
else {
switch (lua_status(co)) {
case LUA_YIELD:
lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended");
break;
case 0: {
lua_Debug ar;
if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */
lua_pushliteral(L, "normal"); /* it is running */
else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
else
lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended"); /* initial state */
break;
}
default: /* some error occured */
lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
break;
}
}
return 1;
}
static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
if (lua_pushthread(L))
return 0; /* main thread is not a coroutine */
else
return 1;
}
static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
{"create", luaB_cocreate},
{"resume", luaB_coresume},
{"running", luaB_corunning},
{"status", luaB_costatus},
{"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
{"yield", luaB_yield},
{NULL, NULL}
};
/* }====================================================== */
static void auxopen (lua_State *L, const char *name,
lua_CFunction f, lua_CFunction u) {
lua_pushcfunction(L, u);
lua_pushcclosure(L, f, 1);
lua_setfield(L, -2, name);
}
static void base_open (lua_State *L) {
/* set global _G */
lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
lua_setglobal(L, "_G");
/* open lib into global table */
luaL_register(L, "_G", base_funcs);
lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
lua_setglobal(L, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */
/* `ipairs' and `pairs' need auxliliary functions as upvalues */
auxopen(L, "ipairs", luaB_ipairs, ipairsaux);
auxopen(L, "pairs", luaB_pairs, luaB_next);
/* `newproxy' needs a weaktable as upvalue */
lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* new table `w' */
lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `w' will be its own metatable */
lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
lua_pushliteral(L, "kv");
lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(w).__mode = "kv" */
lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_newproxy, 1);
lua_setglobal(L, "newproxy"); /* set global `newproxy' */
}
LUALIB_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
base_open(L);
luaL_register(L, LUA_COLIBNAME, co_funcs);
return 2;
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '95973fad29bb11d8588cdf883a3d1ac4b20aa39cffd55b22eee843dee6844c8c'} |
nwt.register({
name: 'Carousel',
methods: {
init: function () {
nwt.event.live('data-slide', /(.*)/, this.slide);
},
/**
* Sets the carousel to autoplay
*/
play: function() {
this.interval = setInterval(this.next, 5000);
return this;
},
/**
* Pauses the carousel
*/
pause: function () {
clearInterval(this.interval)
this.interval = null
return this
},
/**
* Rotates to the next item in the carousel
*/
next: function() {
},
/**
* Slides the carousel
* Dispatched callback from nwt.event.live
*/
slide: function(origEl, el, matches) {
var dir = matches[1],
carouselEl = el.ancestor('.carousel'),
method = dir == 'next' ? 'next' : 'previous',
direction = dir == 'next' ? 'left' : 'right',
activeItem = carouselEl.one('.active'),
nextItem = activeItem[method]();
if (nextItem && nextItem._node) {
nextItem.addClass(dir)
nextItem.region() // force reflow
activeItem.addClass(direction)
nextItem.addClass(direction)
setTimeout(function(){
nextItem.removeClass(direction).removeClass(dir).addClass('active')
activeItem.removeClass('active').removeClass(direction)
}, 600)
}
}
}
});
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For sure, all of us have experienced a crisis of some magnitude in our lives. For each of us, the quality and dimension of that magnitude may feel very different even though the crisis appears outwardly to be defined by the same parameters. We know that stress is correlated with the way we react to the crisis, not necessarily with some inherent qualities that exist in the crisis itself. Witness all the self help advice about how to deal with stress. It’s the “deal with” aspect that intrigues me.
Suppose it’s not actually about meeting out punishment or reacting in some other way with the expectation of changing the shape or qualities of the stressful experience. Perhaps a more appropriate response would have to do with how we are being with what is happening. The energy we bring to this event or issue might be less about fighting against it or struggling to make it different and more about simply being with what it is. I’m reminded of how it is to take in a beautiful sunset or to witness a person in an act of compassion. Such moments require enlisting the observer in us.
In order to be the observer, there has to be space between you and the object/event observed. So, go back to what it is like to experience a crisis or to be in a very stressful situation. Often the observer in us is lost at that point. We give ourselves over to the fight or flight mode of being or else we freeze in a moment of overwhelm or shock. Difficult then to imagine that we might be able to step back and take on the view of the observer.
At those times, we assume that in a calmer, quieter space, we will be able to sort out the meaning and understand what happened. However, when it’s over, it’s over – there may not be energy for looking back but rather an intention to forge ahead, put it all behind. Suppose the crisis lasts a long time. How can you absorb this as a way of being that continues, becoming more like a fast flowing river that carries you with it?
Short of grabbing an overhanging branch or a rescue line, is it possible that there can be a way to pause and create some inner space when this is happening? How would it be to appreciate that there is some part of you inside that is that calm, quiet space? What can be most important is recognizing the moment when connecting to that part of you is the next step you need to take. Not waiting until the shock or overwhelm is so great that you stop functioning. It may feel like a kind of surrender, though it the kind that does not spell defeat. It’s more like feeling your feet finally come into contact with the ground.
Perhaps, even from this inner space, the outcome will look the same. Maybe there can be a softening around it, seeing it a bit differently than before. Not that this happens in a moment; this is a process that may extend over a period of time. You may not dive into this space, but approach the edge and step in and out. Once you know how to get there, however, the experience is in your body and held in its memory. And, so, for the next time – hoping there won’t be one and knowing there will – this next step of connecting to your calm, quiet inner space may be a smaller step. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9489521384239196}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31198', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TLBJJQBJRR5IKDZ7FMISC7Z4JYO4THYE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6250cf73-aca6-40e3-a5af-a5fff528b477>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 5, 53, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RZXGLPSJR44673WQLJMYQWN44H3LWBMK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e7f27d38-2c10-4c89-a281-a6960eca053f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://yogatherapyexperience.wordpress.com/2012/10/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dc1fc502-602c-4221-9a7b-d43b08fbb868>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '595', 'url': 'https://yogatherapyexperience.wordpress.com/2012/10/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-13-227-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020949125289916992', 'original_id': '9a9e89060f06e35d0dcc13860f6c1a625d52d19beb330268f71fc506f0934ec8'} |
Q:
Datejs how to switch language?
I am building a web app for iOS Android and just included the Datejs library.
The Datejs library comes with 150 languages support
<script type="text/javascript" src="date-en-US.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="date-de-DE.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="date-fr-FR.js"></script>
and so on..
Should the user change language, how can I switch from US to FR for example, within my App ?
A:
AFAIK, you must pick a single file. You can't load them all. You might try a module loader like require.js, but I don't think date.js will cooperate well since it modifies the global Date object. Also, it was written a long time ago and has since been abandoned. If you're going to continue using it, I suggest you use Gregory's fork.
As an alternative, I suggest you consider moment.js or sugar.js. Both will handle the requirement of being able to switch languages on the fly. Moment is more comprehensive and more popular, but Sugar has some of the natural language parsing that DateJS was aiming for. Either would be a much more stable and supportable choice than date.js.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd3404de5012ab149036ade64031429a834e0a3b97446e6b7fdc69228c15471cc'} |
View Full Version : hello new here..not diagnosed yet ??
08-30-2011, 09:19 AM
Hi everyone,
I have been having tests since Jan '11 and since being in hospital have not felt the same as I use to be, Im not sure what happened to me,all as i re-call, was that I went into ED, after they though i ahd a mild stroke, im 39 years old. I spent 6 days with tests being done all my left side went paralyzed, but appreantly no mild stroke, then tested for MS, but no again...each three month period i have blood tests and its a wait n see, my ANA levels up still flagged, but they will not diagnosed me, but obviously something is going on...since this time has passed, my memory isnt as sharp, fatgiued, joint pain and bad headaches..which ive never had really in my life,...I really dont understand nay of this and if someone knows that if our ANA's are up then it means you've got something that is at risk of attacking your cells...and the only way doctors can diagnose is when its to late, and only when you have 4 out of the 11 symptoms...Can I fix this beofre it does get to Lupus or will I eventually just get it and could I be early stages??
Anyone out there with any experience similar or help, would be so much appreciated..Thank you
08-30-2011, 01:35 PM
Whew, those are some big questions you have Lotus! It would be nice if lupus were a nice, neat little diagnosis, - like diabetes - that you either have it or you don't. Unfortunately, that rarely is that case and it takes some people many years to develop enough symptoms/abnormal labs to be diagnosed. It took me about 10 years to be diagnosed, but my daughter (who has similar symptoms, but her ANA is normal) has not been diagnosed with a specific autoimmune disorder. However, she was started on Plaquinil, then prednisone and now is also on methotrexate, all of which have helped her symptoms.
Have you seen a rheumatologist yet? Some rheumatologists are less concerned with labeling an autoimmune disorder than in treating your symptoms. Maybe you could make an appointment to talk with your current PCP or rheumy about the concerns that you have raised here. They might be open to trying you on Plaquinil (for most people there aren't really any side effects - you just need to get your eyes checked every 6 months) to see if you improve. Unfortunately, it takes 3 or 4 months for most people to start seeing a difference. Many lupies are able to control their disease with that one drug.
I am not implying that it sounds like you have lupus - your symptoms could be autoimmune, or complex migraines or something else altogether. My point is that if things are heading in the direction of lupus, a open minded rheumy might work with you on meds. Let us know how things go, and welcome!
08-30-2011, 01:58 PM
Hi Lotus. First let me welcome you to WHL. As Gizmo said lupus (and other AI diseases) js very hard to diagnose. There is no test for Lupus. Lupus is basically a diagnose that is given when everything else is ruled out.
As for the positive ANA, that does not necessarily mean Lupus nor does it mean that your organs are being attacked. Positive ANA can happen for many diseases or illnesses and hence, is not a test for Lupus. I will post a link to the 11 Criteria at the bottom of this post.
Hope this helps a bit. Please keep us posted!
08-30-2011, 05:07 PM
Hello Lotus, welcome to our family. I know several people with elevated ANA and they don't have Lupus. I agree that ruling out is how it goes and that takes time. It took years to get me figured out. I thought I would beat up about 5 doctors until I was diagnosed correctly. Hang in there dear. Read all you can and keep good documentation of your daily symptoms.
08-30-2011, 07:53 PM
hi suzanne,
welcome to our cyber family.
as others have said, auto immune disorders are often not easy to diagnose.
there is 63 of them, and there symptoms often overlap.
you can get moree than one at the same time, just to complicate things further.
also a raised ana means some thing is happenning with your immune system.
it does not neccessarely mean lupus, it could be a simple viral infection, or one of a multitude of normal ailments.
please do not fear the worst until you have a few more tests.
most people will have lots of tests,before a diagnosis.
this is because doctors need to rule out illnesses.
with a broken leg, the symptom leads to a diagnosis.
with auto immune issues, you need to rule out deseases first, then sort out what is left.
03-18-2012, 09:44 PM
hi gizmo,
thank you for your post, Its been a while since I posted here. I have now got an update and Feb 2012 I was diagnosed with Lupus. I now am waiting for Rheumatologist and go from there.
03-18-2012, 09:47 PM
Thank you to all of you for the welcome and Im sorry I havent been on here, Ive just logged back in today and looking at way now to research for further info and relate to others. thanks Steve.Bryce for your comments, Gizmo,Lovedbyhim and Tgal....much love thank you for the help... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9699175357818604}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '8992', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QHM6R5WAY2Y4RIVHZOIR3GXISL6YMO2T', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5051ef39-50db-4a02-9da0-931bcc31c618>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 19, 31, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.62.242.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TMU6EAWE36XDP6WYYGJI5RPZP4K5YOWY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ee83175d-374a-4fa6-bde8-09cbc39e49ae>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://forum.wehavelupus.com/archive/index.php?t-10679.html&s=e27ef6bebd88a9a19d7e74837bc048b4', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:65911aa9-d5ea-4eaf-babf-074b71210724>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '918', 'url': 'http://forum.wehavelupus.com/archive/index.php?t-10679.html&s=e27ef6bebd88a9a19d7e74837bc048b4', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.050284504890441895', 'original_id': '661a208d26004646b266cf917aea283e99cbd0c5fa462b425eca24325105cb4f'} |
Google+ Followers
Friday, 11 January 2013
Illegal Streaming Is Shaping The Future Of Film Distribution are offering a new feature which allows you to to listen to any CD you've ever bought from them, via streaming.
"Variations on this have existed before, but they have often met resistance, if not litigation."
This is how modern distribution works. A few kids figure a way to bring music to the masses and the distributors panic and rush to court.
But years later, they follow the paradigm set by the youngsters. The youngsters who were catering to a future that the distributors were too reluctant and narrow-minded to see.
They thought Napster would literally kill music, but the evolution of distribution needed to happen. Any of you volunteering to give up your mp3s and iPods?
The same thing is happening with film right now. The distributors are trying to keep us in the dark ages. For example, the USA get cinema releases before the rest of the world, then gradually they come to places like the UK. Previously, there were various reasons for this, mostly to do with profit margins; but the key reason: the film prints! When you distributed movies the old way, the costs were huge!
Yesterday the Academy Award nominations came out. In the UK, we still haven't seen 'Zero Dark Thirty' or 'Lincoln', but there are perfect viewable copies online, available illegally.
It's about supply and demand. WE LOVE MOVIES AND WANT TO SEE THEM! People don't sit down and watch a film illegally because of criminal intent, it's because they want the joy of film for two hours. On Facebook, all my American friends and colleagues have seen 'Lincoln', they have strong opinions about it. I'm desperate to see it! Why are you making me wait? For every ticket buyer they win by holding a film back, they lose two more who will view it online.
I wrote something like this before and a bunch of the comments criticised my viewpoint, saying I'm selfish and want my own way, basically that I'm just a greedy consumer. But that's not the point ----- the point is that distribution is still modelled on a structure that doesn't even exist anymore. Home Video is dying (in 2012 in the USA the rental market took $400million less than 2011). And disc sales are falling by 6% a year (that percentage will steeply rise in coming years). Videos spread online like wildfire in a way that the old formats never did and never will.
Piracy via streaming is rife. Studios are trying to crack down and get sites closed. It's the same nonsense they tried with Napster, Limewire, Kazaa, iMesh, etc. These changes to distribution are happening for a reason.
You want us to spend two hours wages on a cinema ticket, and three hours worth on the popcorn. Then you want us to rent the DVD, then buy the DVD, then buy the Special Edition, then the Blu-Ray limited edition, then the bonus version and after that the anniversary disc.
But times are changing. The music industry thought YouTube would end music, but then they figured out how to monetize it. And Spotify seems revolutionary, yet Napster did it fifteen years ago!
We are actively partaking in the most exciting shift in distribution since the birth of cinema. Without question, we must pay for the art we consume; but the Studios and distributors need to get on board with the changes. The digital revolution puts power back in the hands of the people. You can no longer sell us formats that will quickly become obsolete.
Yes, I love the cinema experience. Nearly everyone reading this does too. But the statistics and the rate of privacy prove that people want to stream from the comfort of their own home just as much, if not more. It's ridiculous to try and deny this simple fact.
DISTRIBUTORS & FILM STUDIOS: Stop suing the innovators. In the future, all of our films will be streamed -- and, ironically, you'll be stealing all your ideas from the very people you took to court.
Care to share?
1. It's frustrating the stubbornness of the film industry to get up to date with how people want to watch film these days. Surely it's in their best interests to get their films seen by as many people as possible, in a way that's easy for them?
The months in between US and UK film releases is painful. The likes of Django Unchained, Flight, Les Mis, Zero Dark Thirty - no wonder people turn to downloads.
2. The wait you have between films releasing here and coming to theaters over there makes no sense to me. You're right that the studios are signing their own death certificates by continuing to do it that way when anyone who knows how to Google can find those movies available to view online. Sometimes, I'll be really excited to see something in the theater, but then after I hear people talk about it for a month or so, my excitement wanes and I just decide to wait for the DVD to come out.
I went to the movies for the first time in a long time a couple of days ago. It was so nice! I forgot how much different the viewing experience was as opposed to watching it from my couch. I like the smell of movie theaters.
The cost of going to the theater has been prohibitive, especially when you factor in a $10/hour babysitter (SERIOUSLY. $10. For one kid), so I've been turning to Red Box. I also have HBO, Starz, and all those channels, so if I miss them on Redbox, I'll see them on cable, but I wish I could see them all in the theater.
As far as streaming online goes, I would rather watch a DVD or Blu-ray than a digital copy, in most cases. The quality is just usually so much better, even if I stream it through my television.
I do like that some studios (and indies) have been releasing films on PPV at the same time as they are released in the theater. It costs more than the $1/night Red Box rental, but it's considerably less than seeing it in the theater and you don't have to wait. I think *that* is the future of movie distribution. It's a good compromise, anyway!
3. Ditto on all accounts.
To what Teri said about studio and indies being released on PPV, they should continue doing and also push it available for other countries.
The US iTunes "Indie" section has movies such as Struck By Lightning, Fitzgerald Family Christmas that have opened in US and also pre-theatrical releases such as John Dies At The End, Charles Swan and Freeloaders.
For this point, I'm too lazy to check if they are available in the UK store but they are not available at least in one of the Scandinavian countries.
What it comes down to is will I buy US itunes gift card from ebay and give my money to someone in China or wherever and buy the movies from US Itunes which is still illegal as I have a fake address and name in my US iTunes account as you cannot use different country store with your actual information and credit card or do I save my money and download them illegally from torrent sites.
In both cases, I'm doing illegal things. As opposed to those indies being released on this Scandinavian iTunes store and I could pay 5-17 € per movie (rent or buy, SD or HD).
The positive changes are happening with television. Recently both Netflix and HBO streaming services were launched in Scandinavia (yes, that is right, Netflix is a shiny and new thing in the late 2012 Scandinavian world).
Today marks the first time we are able to watch a US show (even with local subtitles!) without downloading it within 24 hours it premiered in US. Banshee premiered yesterday in the States and people from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark are able to watch it on Saturday (the episode was available afternoon) via HBO Nordic who have deals with Starz and Cinemax as well. The same will be for the new seasons of Girls and Enlightened that premiere on Sunday and will be available on Monday with local subtitles.
On the Netflix side of things, House of Cards is the 2nd show that we can enjoy fully legally right from the start.
Both instances, HBO Nordic shows and Netflix originals have something in common - quality and cable/subscription. Clearly it will take time when we are able to legally watch network shows but I have faith that day will come. What type of changes are needed for that to happen (distribution, economic, big US corporations possibly buying smaller companies in Europe and elsewhere etc), that's a whole new topic.
4. "Clearly it will take time when we are able to legally watch network shows" * CORRECTION: within 24 hours.
5. Personally I don't find an ecstatic urge to stream. I like the experience of going to the movies. I want to get out of the house and put money towards a movie I feel I'll like.
Part of me feels like we're just getting lazier. All these avenues online to find out if a movie is good or not, and most people just don't want to investigate or decide if it would be worth their time and money. Like tweets and facebook posts, they want movies to come to them all the time so they don't have to do anything.
I'm frustrated with movie blogs too that review ten brand new movies in a row. With as pointed out the cost of going to the movies is high - and there's no understanding behind how they saw it (if they went to a special screening, saw it at a matinee, Netflix, Redbox, etc.) It's blaringly obvious that they streamed it. They'll tell readers "I wouldn't spend money on this" - well you chose not to. Readers take that incentive and rarely ever go to the movies. If a movie is written positively, readers want to know how to watch from home for free.
My whole generation wants everything for free. Don't work for it, spend money it, put time towards it. I'm the poorest of the poor film student and I still find a way to see a movie at a cinema. Because in five years time, cinemas are going to become the sad archaic American pass time when we actually left our houses to do something.
Studios want to make money but they don't want illegal streaming. They should find a way to make streaming new movies at home without it costing $40 for one showing (Magic Mike or some blockbuster movie cost that much this summer to watch On Demand).
And I think people need to get a tighter grip on their patience and anticipation too. It's not the end of the world if a movie isn't in your theater right away. When I didn't think Perks of Being A Wallflower was going to be at my theater, I didn't lose it or go look for an illegal stream so I could HAVE it right now. I waited and eventually it was playing near my area, so I saw it regardless if my friends had already seen it and that was all they were talking about.
When it comes to dvds, we all can make up our own minds to what collection we want.
Special edition dvds are used to make people feel like they are in the know with "new footage and features". Harry Potter has a regular edition, special edition, blu ray, special blu ray, ultimate edition, blu ray ultimate edition, and then the ultimate collection in regular, bluray and digital. And hardly any of the special features are really new. I have a regular special edition: it has the movie, and that's enough for me.
6. Love the points you made in this post. I know a lot of people in Taiwan end up just buying pirated copies of films for cheap or watching them online because they don't want to wait for the film to be released there, or they just want to watch in the comfort of their own homes.
I like watching movies at home because obviously, it's convenient and I can marathon 3-4 movies at a time and consume much cheaper snacks. That's why I love Redbox--you go to the grocery store to pick up your snacks and film rental. But NOTHING will ever beat the cinema experience--over-priced buttered movie popcorn and all. In the US, I feel like families are taking less vacations (because of the currently shit economy) but going to the movies instead, which is a pretty awesome alternative.
I don't care for special features that much, so consider me old-fashioned. Part of the magic of the movies is that so many things are simply, left up to the imagination. (Though SOME of the special features on DVDs, namely for the Lord of the Rings boxsets, are pretty cool, but I still wouldn't go out of my way to see them.) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9720356464385986}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '136494', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PUQVGDJPWTSPXTZWYUBKVG3RYSBV3PZ6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2278dcb9-4ac2-4a1d-951f-64569837d8c2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 11, 8, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.233.171.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4MQ2JCAB44OJGNUPCKJE434DU7PVBY5E', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:942cc1c5-94d3-4b21-a72a-6c0015e8d436>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.kidinthefrontrow.com/2013/01/illegal-streaming-is-shaping-future-of.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e351128-8879-4071-8b2f-11e66115bff8>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '2179', 'url': 'http://www.kidinthefrontrow.com/2013/01/illegal-streaming-is-shaping-future-of.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3391297459602356', 'original_id': 'f16bdac8d21e8e4101ab2379ad1682518bcaa26967a47210a686953eec7e8eea'} |
Adolfo Odnoposoff
Adolfo Odnoposoff (Buenos Aires, 22 February 1917 – Denton, Texas, 13 March 1992) was an Argentine-born-and-raised cellist of Russian ancestry who performed in concerts for 5 decades in South, Central, and North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Israel, and the former USSR. He had performed as principal cellist in the Israel Philharmonic and many of the important orchestras of Latin America. He had soloed with major orchestras under conductors that include Arturo Toscanini, Erich Kleiber, Fritz Busch, Juan José Castro, Rafael Kubelik, Victor Tevah, Luis Herrera de la Fuente, Carlos Chavez, Paul Kletzki, Luis Ximénez Caballero (es), Willem van Otterloo, Sir John Barbirolli, Eduardo Mata, Antal Doráti, Jorge Sarmientos (es), Erich Kleiber, George Singer (1908–1980), Ricardo del Carmen (1937-2003) , Anshel Brusilow, Pau Casals and Enrique Gimeno. He also performed a Khachaturian work under the direction of Khachaturian. Odnoposoff was tall.
Berthe Odnoposoff, née Huberman
Odnoposoff's wife, Berthe (also spelled Berte and Berta; née Huberman born in Paris) is a widely acclaimed piano virtuoso. Since 1941, when they met in Havana, until his retirement in 1988, she had been his accompanist and chief musical collaborator. In concerts and on recordings, they were often billed as a duo. Composers often inscribed dedications to both Adolfo and Berthe. She is also an influential piano pedagogue. Since 1976 (for years), she has been a member of the faculty at the University of North Texas College of Music. She holds a Bachelor of Arts and Sciences Degree, a Diploma in piano, and a Diploma in theory and harmony from the Ministry of Education, Havana, Cuba. She not only has mentored aspiring performing artists at the conservatory and collegiate levels, she has developed effective pedagogical approaches for gifted pianists at primary and secondary school ages.
Career
Formal education
Beginning around 1930, Odnoposoff studied with Emanuel Feuermann and Paul Grümmer at the Music High School in Berlin (die Hochschule für Musik zu Berlin, which, as of 2001, has been known as Berlin University of the Arts). 1930 coincided with the coup d'état in Argentina. In 1932, Odnoposoff moved to Paris, entering École Normale de Musique, where, in 1935, he earned a concert and teaching diploma. While there, he studied cello with Diran Alexanian, a colleague of Pablo Casals.
Israel
1936, Odnoposoff, seeking refuge from the Third Reich because he was a Jew, moved to Tel Aviv, where he became a founding member of the Israel Philharmonic for its inaugural 1936–1937 season. He had performed with the orchestra, then called the Palestine Symphony Orchestra, in various roles, including that of principal cellist and soloist. The orchestra was founded by Bronisław Huberman, a cousin once removed of Odnoposoff's future wife, Berthe Huberman.
Peru and Chile
From 1938 to 1941, Odnoposoff was principal cellist with The National Symphony Orchestra of Peru. In 1940, he was a founding member of the Chile Cuarteto de Cuerdas (Chile String Quartet) — with Willie McDermott (violin), Raúl Martínez (viola), Fredy Wang (Alfredo Wang; 1918–2004) (violin), sponsored by The Institute of Musical Extension at the University of Chile. He held that chair until 1944.
Cuba
From 1944 to 1958, he was principal cellist of the Orquesta Filarmónica de La Habana, when, then, was conducted by Erich Kleiber. Alexander Prilutchi (1913–2001) was concertmaster and, from 1945 to 1953, J. Wolfgang Granat (1918–1998) was first violist. Granat went to play viola with the Philadelphia Orchestra for 35 years, until he retired in 1991. In Havana, Odnoposoff had been a member of a trio of Sociedad de Música de Cámara (Chamber Music Society) — with Prilutchi and pianist Paquito Godino (né Francisco Jose Godino; 1919–1996). In January 1959, Fidel Castro's revolutionaries overtook Havana. Within 6 months, Castro became the new president and restructured Cuba as a communist state.
Mexico and Puerto Rico
From 1958 to 1961, Odnoposoff was cellist with the National Symphony Orchestra of Mexico. While in Mexico, he taught at the Conservatorio Nacional de Música. From 1964 to 1974, Odnoposoff, at the invitation of Pablo Casals, taught at the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico. For 10 years, he was head of the Cello Department and served as the right-hand man of Casals, director of the conservatory that he founded. Casals died on October 22, 1973.
United States
During the 1975–1976 academic year, Odnoposoff became a visiting professor at the University of North Texas College of Music following an extensive tour of the Soviet Union — while still holding the post as Professor of Cello and Chamber Music at the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico. He and his wife soon became a full-time professors at North Texas. In 1977, his friend, Eduardo Mata became the conductor of the Dallas Symphony. Odnoposoff remained active teaching and concertizing until his retirement in 1988, whereupon North Texas awarded him Professor Emeritus status. His wife, Berthe, is still a professor of music at North Texas.
Legacy in Latin American classical music
Odnoposoff was an influential exponent of Latin classical music, notably works by Heitor Villa-Lobos, Alberto Ginastera, Blas Galindo Dimas, Rodolfo Halffter. He presented numerous lectures, master classes, and concerts throughout the Western Hemisphere on that theme.
Selected discography
Beethoven, Cello Sonata No. 1, in F Major, Op. 5, RCA Victor (Chile) (1945)
Odnoposoff, cello; Elvira Savi (es) (1920–1913)
The record also includes Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 8 in A Minor, performed by Rosita Renard
Alberto Ginastera, "Pampeana No. 2" for cello and piano, Op. 21, Victor (Argentina) 68 8047 (78 rpm)
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
At The Center, New York: Center For Inter-American Relations, 33- LP (1970);
Side B
Alberto Ginastera, "Pampeana No. 2" for cello and piano, Op. 21
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Recorded on November 21, 1968
Saint-Saëns, "Allegro Appassionata," Op. 43, for cello and piano, Victor 68 8046 (1953)
Granados, "Intermezzo" from the opera Goyescas
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Cuban Contemporary Music, Panart Records (1954);
Odnoposoff, cello, Huberman, pianist,
José Ardévol, "Sonatina For Cello And Piano"
a) "Andantino"
b) "Slow-vivo"
c) "Alegretto"
Amadeo Roldán: Two Popular Songs
a) "Cuban Point"
b) "Vueltabajo Guajira" ("The Babbling Brook")
Aurelio de la Vega, "Legend of Ariel Criollo"
Pedro Menéndez, "Black Canto"
String Orchestra of CMZ Radio, Havana, José Ardévol, conductor
Harold Gramatges, "Serenade For String Orchestra"
a) "Allegretto"
b) "Andante Moderato"
c) "Allegro"
National Symphony Orchestra of Cuba conducted by Jean Constantinesco
Live performance, Auditorium Theatre in 1960
John White, "Elegy"
In Memory of Pablo Casals, Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, 33- LP (1974);
Unnamed composition of Pablo Casals
Olga Iglesias, soprano; Emilio Belaval, tenor; Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano, Jesús María Sanromá, piano
In Memory of Pablo Casals, Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, 33- LP (1975); ,
"Reverie," for cello and piano, Odnoposoff; cello, Huberman, piano
Recorded 1974–1975 at the Ochoa and Echo Sound Studios, Puerto Rico
Aurelio de la Vega (de), Legend of the Creole Ariel (audiotape) (no date); Hans Moldenhauer Collection, Harvard University, Call No. MS Mus 261, Item 2091
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Includes also Quintet for winds (1959), with the Westwood Woodwind Quintet
Moldenhauer, Hans, collector. The Moldenhauer Archives at Harvard University
Third Music Festival of Caracas, digital files (WAV; 96–kHz, 24 bit)
(works 1–3), (works 4–5), (work 4), (work 5), (work 5)
Live performance, Third Music Festival of Caracas, Venezuela, May 12, 1966
Halffter: "Sonata," Op. 26
a) "Allegro deciso"
b) "Tempo de siciliana"
c) "Rondó: Allegro"
Vega (de): "Legend of Ariel Criollo"
Ginastera, "Pampeana No. 2"
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Sergio Cervetti (es), "Cinco Episodios Para Trio" ("Five Movements For Trio")
Salas, "Trio" Op. 58
José Figueroa, violin; Odnoposoff, cello; Elias López, piano
Héctor Campos Parsi, "Serenade," for string trio, Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña ICP MC-4, 33- LP (197?); ,
José Madera, violin; Guillermo Figueroa, viola; Odnoposoff, cello
Seis piezas breves (Six Short Pieces), Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña ICP C-8 (197?); ,
Luis Antonio Ramírez (1923–1995): "Sonata Elegiaca," for cello and piano
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Recorded July & August 1971 at the Ochoa Sound Studio
Hector Campos Parsi: "Petroglifos," for violin, cello and piano
José Figueroa, violin; Odnoposoff, cello; Jesús María Sanromá, piano
Recorded in concert at the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, October 8, 1967
Adolfo Odnoposoff: Obras De Galindo-Halffter-Ponce-Revueltas-Sandi, Mexico: Musart MCD-3027, Serie SACM (es), 33- LP (1962);
Side A
Galindo: "Sonata"
Ponce: "Tres preludios"
Side B
Halffter: "Sonata," Op. 26
a) "Allegro deciso"
b) "Tempo de siciliana"
c) "Rondó: Allegro"
Revueltas: two selections from "Siete canciones" ("Seven Children's Songs")
a) "Canción de cuna" ("Cradle Song")
b) "Las cinco horas" ("The Five Hours")
Sandi: "Hoja de albúm" ("Sheet album")
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Liner notes by Otto Mayer-Serra
Ginastera, "Rhapsody for Cello and Piano" (last movement) (recording date not known);
Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
Selected dedicated works
Works dedicated to Adolfo and Berthe Odnoposoff
Cuban composers
Aurelio de la Vega (de) (Cuba): "Legend of Ariel Criollo" (1953);
Premiered by Adolfo and Berthe in Havana in 1954 at a concert of the Sociedad de Conciertos; it was immediately recorded by Panart as an LP that included works by other Cuban composers, such as Amadeo Roldán, Pedro Menéndez, and José Ardévol (see Selected discography above); Vega (de) dedicated the work to the marriage of Odnoposoff and Huberman. The work was published in the Washington, D.C., in 1955 by the Pan American Union
José Ardévol (Cuba): "Sonatina," for cello and piano, Buenos Aires: Ricordi Americana (publisher) (1955);
Mexican composers
Simón Tapia Colman (ca): "Sonata," for cello and piano, Ediciones Mexicanas de Música (publisher) (1961); (2nd reference is a manuscript copy)
Rodolfo Halffter: "Sonata," Op. 26, Peer International (publisher) (1962);
Blas Galindo: "Sonata," Ediciones Mexicanas de Música (publisher) (1962);
Manuel Enríquez: "Sonatina" (manuscript copy) (1962);
Luis Sandi: "Hoja de Album," for cello and piano, Ediciones Mexicanas de Música (publisher) (1963); ,
Luis Sandi: "Sonatina," for cello and piano, Ediciones Mexicanas de Musica (publisher) (1965);
Eduardo Mata: "Sonata" (1966)
Argentine composers
Guillermo Graetzer (de): "Concierto para Cello y Orquesta"
Julio César Brero: "Variaciones sobre un tema italiano";
Floro Ugarte (es): "Elegia"
Antonío Tauriello (es): "Diferencias No. 3"
Puerto Rican composers
Hector Campos Parsi: "Arawak para Cello and Electronic Sounds"
Luis Antonio Ramírez: "Sonata Elegiaca," for cello and piano (1970)
Roberto Sierra: "Dialogo No. 1"
Roberto Sierra: "Salsa on the C String," for cello and piano (1981);
Elsewhere
Paul Csonka (Austria): "Serenata for Cello and Orchestra" (1954);
Roque Cordero (Panama): "Sonata for Violoncello and Piano," Peer International (publisher) (1963) (commissioned by Odnoposoff);
Federico Heinlein (es) (Chile): "Sonatina"
Ninón de Brouwer Lapeiretta (Santo Domingo): "Romanza"
Martin Mailman (United States): "Clastics: Formations for Solo Cello," Op. 61
German Borda (es) (Colombia): "Movimiento de Sonata"
Notable performances
1947: Odnoposoff debuted in New York at Town Hall, January 29, 1947.
1949: Aurelio de la Vega (de): "Trio for Violin, Cello, and Piano" (1949), performed in Havana by Odnoposoff, Alexander Prilutchi (violin), and Rafael Morales (1905–1990) (piano). The trio was sponsored by the Sociedad de Música de Cámara (Chamber Music Society)
1957: Odnoposoff, as guest soloist with the Orquesta Sinfónica de Chile (es), performed Ernest Bloch's Schelomo: Rhapsodie Hébraïque for Violoncello and Orchestra, Victor Tevah, conductor
1961: Rodolfo Halffter's "Cello Sonata," Op. 26, was composed between 1959 and 1960 for the second Inter-American Festival, held in Washington in 1961. The composer dedicated it to Adolfo Odnoposoff and his wife, Berthe Huberman. Odnoposoff performed the premiere with Mexican pianist and composer Alicia Urreta on 26 April 1961 in the Library of Congress's Coolidge Auditorium;
1963–1964 season, Brahms's "Double Concerto," Endre Wolf, violin, and Adolfo Odnoposoff, cello, Palestine Symphony Orchestra, George Singer conducting
March 1966: Mario Davidovsky's "Synchronisms No. 3" (1964), for cello and electronic sound, San Juan, Puerto Rico
1966: Rházes Hernández-López, "Tres Espacios Para Trio," Third Music Festival of Caracas, Venezuela, performed by Jose Figueroa (violin), Odnoposoff, Héctor Tosar (es) (piano)
1988: Wigmore Hall, London, March 19, at 7:30, Odnoposoff, cello, with Aldo Ciccolini
"Fantasia for Cello and Piano" – Gerard Schurmann (fr)
(other works were performed by Ciccolini)
"Fantasia" was composed in 1967 and premiered March 1967 by Odnoposoff and Ciccolini at the Salle Pleyel, Paris – Odnoposoff and Ciccolini also performed the work at Lincoln Center, Manhattan
Notable music festivals
January 19–31, 1959, Xalapa, Mexico — Pablo Casals Music Festival; and the Segundo Concurso Internacional de Violonchelo (Second International Cello Competition)
Judges' panel: Blas Galindo, Pablo Casals, Gaspar Cassadó, Adolfo Odnoposoff, Maurice Eisenberg (1900–1972), Rubén Montiel Viveros (1892–1985), André Navarra, Zara Nelsova, Mstislav Rostropovich, Miloš Sádlo, and Heitor Villa-Lobos.
1952, Venice Biennale — International Festival of Contemporary Music, La Fenice
Caesar Brero, "Concertino," for cello and small orchestra
Odnoposoff, cello; Rome Symphony Orchestra of Italian Radio, Fernando Previtali, conductor
1961, Jerusalem — Inaugural Israel Music Festival (beginning August 18), followed by the Third International Cello Competition (beginning August 23)
Judges (selected by Pablo Casals) included: Maurice Eisenberg (1900–1972), Mieczyslaw Horszowski, Zara Nelsova, Adolfo Odnoposoff, Marta Casals
November 1976: Concurso Internacional de Violonchelo (International Cello Competition), commemorating the 100th birthday of Pablo Casals, Odnoposoff was an adjudicator and performer during the final night.
Instrument
Odnoposoff owned and performed on a compound Amati cello, circa 1680.
Notable former students
Christopher Adkins (born 1959), principal cellist with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra (1987–present); former principal cellist with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra
Fabio Landa (born 1924), cellist, composer, studied with Odnoposoff in Havana, Cuba
Deborah Petty Brooks (born 1955), Associate Principal Cellist with the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra (1985-1999) and solo cellist of Casa Mañana Musicals (1981-present) and Dallas Summer Musicals (1998-present).
Musical family
Adolfo was one of three children born in Buenos Aires to the marriage of Mauricio (altnernate spelling: Moisés) Odnoposoff and Juana (née Veinstien; alternate spelling Weinstien).
Alolfo's brother, Ricardo Odnoposoff (de) (1914–2004), was the former concertmaster of Vienna Philharmonic.
Adolfo's sister, Nélida Odnoposoff (born 1919), was a critically acclaimed Argentine concert pianist whose European debut was in 1935 in Berlin. Growing up in Buenos Aires, she had been a protégée of the Argentine pianist Edmundo Piazzini (es), and in Berlin, she studied with Hansi Freudberg. Nélida concertized until the late 1950s. During the early 1940s, was associated with the Opera and Ballet of Montevideo and had soloed with important orchestras of Latin America.
Mauricio Odnoposoff had emigrated from Russia to Argentina with his father. When Ricardo, Adolfo, and Nélida were studying music in Germany, Mauricio and Juana Odnoposoff moved to Germany.
Adolfo met his wife, Berthe (né Huberman; born in Paris) in Cuba in 1941, when he was principal cellist with the Havana Symphony. Berthe was a young aspiring concert pianist. She is a first cousin once removed of the violinist Bronislaw Huberman and also the sister-in-law of Mexican poet Angelina Muñiz-Huberman, PhD.
Adolfo, his wife, and his brother performed their final concert together in May 1987— and billed it as a farewell — playing Beethoven's Triple Concerto with the National Symphony Orchestra of Guatemala under the direction of Ricardo del Carmen.
Adolfo Odnoposoff maintained his Argentine citizenship; although, in 1977 Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe made him an honorary citizen of the State of Texas, and presented him a commemorative plaque.
The surname, Odnoposoff, has various spellings (typically "z" instead of "s" and "v" instead of "ff"). But under this particular spelling, the name faces extinction in the Western Hemisphere. Of the two males born to Mauricio and Juana Odnoposoff, (i) Ricardo Odnoposoff (de) and his wife Hilde had one daughter, Henriette Helene Odnoposoff, who, in 1978, married David Mark Hume (born 1952); (ii) Adolfo and Berthe had one daughter, Alina M. Odnoposoff (born 1954), who married Mark J. Heller (born 1954).
External links
Conciertos Daniel, an artist management agency, managed the concert tours of Adolfo Odnoposoff. Primarily a family business, three generations of family members managed Odnoposoff.
Adolfo Odnoposoff photo at the Conciertos Daniel website
Berthe Odnoposoff's bio at the University of North Texas
Audio sample: Amadeo Roldan (1900–1939), "Punto cubano," Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
References
Notes
Inline citations
Category:1917 births
Category:1992 deaths
Category:Argentine classical cellists
Category:American classical cellists
Category:20th-century classical musicians
Category:20th-century American musicians
Category:Jewish Argentine musicians
Category:Jewish American musicians
Category:Argentine emigrants to the United States
Category:American people of Argentine-Jewish descent
Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Category:Argentine Jews
Category:Argentine people of Russian-Jewish descent
Category:University of North Texas College of Music faculty
Category:Texas classical music | mini_pile | {'original_id': '5608f4193c8867d699709307dfa052c2c6493979891f668a40bd5cf16fc51d7c'} |
Abstract Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid present in all living things. GABA is
mainly synthesized from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In plants the enzymatic activity of GAD is
activated by Ca2+/calmodulin binding (CaMBD) at the C-terminus in response to various stresses, allowing rapid
GABA accumulation in cells. GABA plays a central role in not only stress responses but also many aspects of plant
growth and development as a signaling molecules. Furthermore, it is known to be a health-promoting functional
substance that exerts improvements in life-style related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and
so on. Previous reports indicated that CaMBD found plant GADs possess an autoinhibitory function because
truncation of GAD resulted in extreme GABA accumulation in plant cells. Therefore, we attempted a genetic
modification of rice GAD via genome editing technology to increase GABA levels in the edible part of rice. Results: In this study, we focused on GAD3, one of five GAD genes present in the rice genome, because GAD3 is
the predominantly expressed in seeds, as reported previously. We confirmed that GAD3 has an authentic Ca2+/
CaMBD that functions as an autoinhibitory domain. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing was performed to trim
the coding region of CaMBD off from the OsGAD3 gene, then introducing this transgene into rice scutellum-derived
calli using an all-in-one vector harboring guide RNAs and CRISPR/Cas9 via Agrobacterium to regenerate rice plants. Out of 24 transformed rice (T1), a genome-edited rice line (#8_8) derived from two independent cleavages and
ligations in the N-terminal position encoding OsGAD3-CaMBD and 40 bp downstream of the termination codon,
respectively, displayed a AKNQDAAD peptide in the C-terminal region of the putative OsGAD3 in place of its intact
CaMBD (bold indicates the trace of the N-terminal dipeptides of the authentic CaMBD). A very similar rice line (#8_
1) carrying AKNRSSRRSGR in OsGAD3 was obtained from one base pair deletion in the N-terminal coding region of
the CaMBD. Free amino acid analysis of the seeds (T2) indicated that the former line contained seven-fold higher
levels of GABA than wild-type, whereas the latter line had similar levels to the wild-type, although in vitro enzyme
activities of recombinant GAD proteins based on the GAD3 amino acid sequence elucidated from these two lines
in the absence of Ca2+/bovine CaM were both higher than wild-type counterpart. An In Vivo Targeted Deletion of the
Calmodulin-Binding Domain from Rice
Glutamate Decarboxylase 3 (OsGAD3) Increases
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content in Grains zuhito Akama1*, Nadia Akter1, Hinako Endo1, Masako Kanesaki1, Masaki Endo2 and Seiichi Toki2, * Correspondence: akama@life.shimane-u.ac.jp
1Department of Life Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue,
Shimane 690-8504, Japan
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if
changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons
licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons
licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain
permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Open Access Abstract In addition to high level of GABA
in #8_8, the average seed weight per grain and protein content were superior to wild-type and #8_1. (Continued on next page) (Continued on next page) © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if
changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons
licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons
licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain
permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-020-00380-w Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-020-00380-w Background Although GABA is a
non-protein amino acid, it is ubiquitously present both in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Shelp et al. 1999). Glutamate
decarboxylase (GAD) is responsible for the conversion of L-
glutamate to GABA, which is the major pathway for the
production of GABA in spite of an alternative polyamine
pathway associated with GABA synthesis (Shelp et al. 2012). GABA is unique in plants, because various biotic and
abiotic stresses rapidly induce GABA accumulation in
cells (Kinnersley and Turano 2000). Baum et al. (1993)
first identified the molecular structure of plant GAD from
petunia, showing the presence of a Ca2+/calmodulin-bind-
ing domain (CaMBD) at the C-terminus, indicating Ca2+/
CaM-dependent activation of petunia GAD, which was
subsequently found to be in common in plant GADs. This
structure clearly demonstrated that GABA accumulates in
plant cells accompanied by elevated Ca2+ in response to
stresses (Knight et al. 1991). Therefore, plant GAD plays a
central role in the regulation of GABA content. Of note,
exceptional structures of GADs that are lacking an au-
thentic CaMBD have been reported from rice, apple, and
tea (Akama et al. 2001; Trobacher et al. 2013; Mei et al. 2016). A recent study in tea indicated that transcriptional
up-regulation of the gene for CaMBD-less GAD in re-
sponse to anoxic stress is an alternative way to accumulate
GABA in cells (Mei et al. 2016). Recently, genome editing technology has shown the po-
tential to induce heritable mutations in a desired genome
position, by using various kinds of site-specific nucleases
(Gaj et al. 2013). Among these, the clustered regularly
interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-asso-
ciated protein (Cas) system has rapidly emerged as a
powerful and robust genome-editing tool in many organ-
isms including crops (Demirci et al. 2018; Mishra et al. 2018). Two major advantages of genome editing system
can be considered: first, accurate and efficient introduc-
tion of a mutation can be observed at a targeted site. Sec-
ond, the modified crops show no difference from those
developed through general breeding techniques. In this study, we have focused on OsGAD3, because of its
strong expression in rice seeds (Liu et al. 2005). Thus,
OsGAD3 is suitable as a target gene for modification of the
GABA shunt to increase GABA content in an edible part of
rice. We mainly evaluated the effect of truncation of the C-
terminal Ca2+/CaMBD on GABA accumulation in rice
grains, by using mutagenesis based on CRISPR/Cas9. Background On the other hand, GABA is known to be a health-
promoting functional substance able to exert improvement
of life-style-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes,
hyperlipidemia, and so on. Based on these benefits of
GABA, many kinds of GABA-fortified foods, such as
water-soaked rice (Saikusa et al. 1994) and anaerobically
fermented green tea have been developed (Tsushida et al. 1987). Furthermore, transgenic approaches have been suc-
cessfully applied to rice and tomato (Shimajiri et al. 2013a;
Takayama et al. 2017). Although these plants accumulate
sufficient amounts GABA for practical use, strict GMO reg-
ulations have hampered their subsequent utilization. g
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was first discovered in
potato tuber tissue (Steward et al. 1949). Today GABA is
well known as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in ani-
mals (Roberts and Eidelberg 1960). Although GABA is a
non-protein amino acid, it is ubiquitously present both in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Shelp et al. 1999). Glutamate
decarboxylase (GAD) is responsible for the conversion of L-
glutamate to GABA, which is the major pathway for the
production of GABA in spite of an alternative polyamine
pathway associated with GABA synthesis (Shelp et al. 2012). GABA is unique in plants, because various biotic and
abiotic stresses rapidly induce GABA accumulation in
cells (Kinnersley and Turano 2000). Baum et al. (1993)
first identified the molecular structure of plant GAD from
petunia, showing the presence of a Ca2+/calmodulin-bind-
ing domain (CaMBD) at the C-terminus, indicating Ca2+/
CaM-dependent activation of petunia GAD, which was
subsequently found to be in common in plant GADs. This
structure clearly demonstrated that GABA accumulates in
plant cells accompanied by elevated Ca2+ in response to
stresses (Knight et al. 1991). Therefore, plant GAD plays a
central role in the regulation of GABA content. Of note,
exceptional structures of GADs that are lacking an au-
thentic CaMBD have been reported from rice, apple, and
tea (Akama et al. 2001; Trobacher et al. 2013; Mei et al. 2016). A recent study in tea indicated that transcriptional
up-regulation of the gene for CaMBD-less GAD in re-
sponse to anoxic stress is an alternative way to accumulate
GABA in cells (Mei et al. 2016). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was first discovered in
potato tuber tissue (Steward et al. 1949). Today GABA is
well known as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in ani-
mals (Roberts and Eidelberg 1960). Page 2 of 12 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Akama et al. Rice Conclusions: We have successfully established GABA-fortified rice by using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
technology. Modified rice contained seven-fold higher GABA content and furthermore displayed significantly higher
grain weight and protein content than wild-type brown rice. This is the first report of the production of GABA-
enriched rice via a genome editing. Keywords: Agrobacterium, Calmodulin-binding domain, CRISPR/Cas9, γ-Aminobutyric acid, Genome editing,
Glutamate decarboxylase Background There have been many studies on putative GABA func-
tions in plants such as a contribution to carbon/nitrogen
(C/N) balance, homeostasis of cytosolic pH, defense against
insect herbivory, and so on (Bouché and Fromm 2004). Recent studies have implicated GABA as a signaling mol-
ecule in plants (Ramesh et al. 2017; Shelp et al. 2017). For
example, GABA concentrations increase along the path in
the pistil so that pollen tubes correctly reach the ovule
(Palanivelu et al. 2003). More recently, a GABA receptor
has been identified (Ramesh et al. 2015): the receptor is an
aluminum-activated malate transporter, which is activated
by anions and negatively regulated by GABA, causing its
multiple effects in plants to play a critical role in many as-
pects of plant growth and development. Ca2+/CaM-Binding Domain of OsGAD3 Prerequisite for In
Vitro CaM Binding In order to confirm the Ca2+/CaM-binding ability of the
C-terminal domain of OsGAD3, we constructed an ex-
pression vector carrying a DNA fragment for the C-
terminal domain of OsGAD3, followed by immobilization
into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant protein
carrying a polyhistidine-tag was induced for purification
using a nickel-affinity resin. The purified protein was incu-
bated with bovine CaM agarose beads in the presence of
Ca2+, then the beads were washed with an excess amount
of Ca2+-containing buffer. Finally, the bound protein was
eluted with EGTA-containing buffer. As shown in Fig. 1b,
the recombinant protein with the C-terminal region of
OsGAD3 was not detected in the washing fractions (Fr. 3
to 5) but was detected in the elution fractions (Fr. 6 to 8). The opposite was the case with the vector control. An
in vitro experiment showed that OsGAD3 has an ability to
bind to Ca2+/CaM, suggesting that OsGAD3 is in fact a
Ca2+/CaM-dependent enzyme like other typical GADs in
plants. Plant Transformation Via Agrobacterium and Screening
A Ti plasmid vector harboring two kinds of gRNAs and a
Cas9 gene cassette was introduced into and Agrobacterium
strain to infect calli derived from rice scutellum. From
introduction into Agrobacterium strains (i.e., vector #8: F1
and R1 on gRNA combination), finally yielding 24 lines
(T1). After harvesting, T1 seeds (six pooled seeds) were ana-
lyzed on GABA content and targeted DNA editing (Table
S1). For GABA content, most lines showed similar levels to
wild-type Nipponbare (Ni), whereas several lines had in-
creased about five-fold, compared with Ni. DNA analysis of
targeted regions from T1 plants revealed 8 different muta-
genesis patterns (Fig. 3). In the T1 generation, most of lines
showed bi-allelic or chimeric genotypes (Table S1). Analysis of Genome-Edited Rice T2 Lines on DNA
Sequences and GABA Content In sequence analysis of the T2 generation, pattern 1 and
pattern 8 were mainly extracted from #8_1 and #8_8, re-
spectively. We established a homozygous line for each of
these to use for further analyses. As shown in Table 1, pat-
terns 1 and 8 were very similar, i.e., common N-terminal
AK and artificial peptides of 9 and 6 amino acids, respect-
ively. The former was derived from a one base pair dele-
tion in the F1 target site, whereas the latter was derived
from the expected deletion between F1 and R1 (Fig. 3). Of
note, a free amino acid analysis of these T2 seeds about
GABA demonstrated that #8_1 was almost the same level
as wild-type (Ni) while #8_8 was seven-fold higher than
Ni (Table 2). Surprisingly, several amino acids such as
Asn, Asp and Glu significantly increased in #8_1, com-
pared with wild-type Ni. We extracted free amino acids
from leaf, stem, and root tissues of rice seedling to
compare the GABA content. Table 3 shows that GABA
contents in stems were similar among the three lines,
whereas leaves in line #8_8 and roots in lines #8_1 and
#8_8 contained about half of wild-type and three- to five-
fold GABA more than wild-type, respectively. In Vitro GAD Assay of Recombinant OsGAD3 and its
Truncated Version In order to explore the effect of the C-terminal Ca2+/
CaMBD on OsGAD3 enzyme activity, we produced two
different recombinant proteins, wild-type OsGAD3 and
C-terminal truncated OsGAD3ΔC that lacked the Ca2+/
CaMBD. As shown in Fig. 1c, a wild-type enzyme was
activated about 1.5 times in the presence of Ca2+/bovine
CaM at pH 7.0. In contrast, OsGAD3ΔC showed much
higher activity, irrespective of Ca2+/CaM. This indicated
that the C-terminal domain of OsGAD3 plays a role as a
strong autoinhibitory domain, and thus truncation of
this domain causes the enzyme to act constitutively, with
higher activity at least in vitro. Results Comparison of C-Terminal Regions from Plant GADs Comparison of C-Terminal Regions from Plant GADs
Plant GADs generally possesses a Ca2+/CaM-binding do-
main at the C-terminus, which plays a critical role in the
regulation of GAD enzymatic activity (Baum et al. 1993), al-
though several exceptions, including OsGAD2 (Fig. 1a),
have been reported so far (Akama and Takaiwa 2007). As
shown in Fig. 1a, the overall similarity of the C-terminal re-
gion in plant GADs is quite low, but several conserved mo-
tifs are present: the highly conserved tryptophan (W)
residue is located at the center of the domain and 2–4 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Page 3 of 12 coding
region
for
OsGAD3-CaMBD,
guide
RNAs
(gRNAs) were designed for trimming off the CaMBD-
coding region, as shown in Fig. 2b. The reason to take a
mild strategy for its trimming but not introduce a pre-
mature termination codon via a frameshift mutation is
that a trace of the coding region of OsGAD3-CaMBD
between a premature termination codon and a transcrip-
tional terminator of OsGAD3 and/or premature termin-
ation codon itself may have a possibility to influence the
mutated GAD3 gene at the transcription and/or transla-
tion level. It is expected that cleavage of F1 and R1 will
induce a 122 bp deletion, thus terminating the transla-
tion at the underlined termination codon (Fig. 2b). An
adequate DNA repair resulted in the removal of almost
an intact CaMBD and adding 6 amino acid residues. lysine (K) repeats including arginine (R) are observed at in-
dependent locations at the C-terminus of GAD. In Petunia
GAD, the most characterized enzyme of the family, E476
and E480 are thought to work as pseudosubstrates of glu-
tamate (Yap et al. 2003). The corresponding amino acid to
E476 is highly conserved in other plant GADs, implying an
identical function. Because both PhGAD and OsGAD1
have been reported to have an in vitro Ca2+/CaM binding
ability (Baum et al. 1993; Akama et al. 2001), it was specu-
lated that OsGAD3 potentially possesses the same ability. Fig. 1 Molecular features of rice GAD3. a Alignment of C-terminal regions of putative GADs from plants. Red and blue colors indicate identical
amino acids and similar amino acids, respectively. Trp (W) and Lys (K) essential for in vitro binding to CaM (Arazi et al. 1995) are indicated by
asterisks and a thick line, respectively. The positions of two pseudosubstrate residues (E476 and E480 in PhGAD) (Yap et al. 2003) are indicated by
black circles. Os: Oryza sativa, Ph: Petunia hybrida, Sl: Solanum lycopersicum. PhGAD (L16797), OsGAD1 (AB056060), OsGAD2 (AB056061), OsGAD3
(AK071556), SlGAD1 ((AB359913), SlGAD2 (AB359914), SlGAD3 (AB359915). b In vitro Ca2+/CaM binding ability of recombinant OsGAD3. Coding
sequence for Ca2+/CaMBD of OsGAD3 was ligated in-frame with a thioredoxin-coding sequence in an expression vector. Expression of
recombinant protein was induced in E. coli for purification with an affinity column. The resulting fusion protein (Fr.1) subjected to a CaM-agarose
resin separation; effluent fractions (Fr. 2–5) and eluted fractions with EGTA (Fr. 6–8) were all analyzed using 5–20% SDS-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis to detect protein bands with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. As a control, an intact expression vector was used (Fr. 9: vector-
encoding protein, Fr. 10–13: effluent fractions, Fr.14–16: eluted fractions). c In vitro enzyme assays for recombinant OsGAD3 and OsGAD3ΔC. The
GAD assay was performed to measure GAD production, as described in Akama and Takaiwa (2007). –Ca2+/CaM; without Ca2+/CaM, +Ca2+/CaM;
with 0.5 mM Ca2+ and 0.1 μM bovine calmodulin (Sigma). Data present the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments for both Strategy for In Vivo Truncation of OsGAD3-CaMBD Via
Genome Editing Figure 2a shows the exon/intron structure of OsGAD3
gene, where a putative CaMBD is located in the prox-
imal region of the last exon. In order to remove the Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Page 4 of 12 Akama et al. Rice mRNA Analysis of GAD3 in Wild-Type, #8_1, and #8_8
Rice Plants Black arrows show a putative cleavage sites
of gRNA. Two termination codons are indicated in red. The former is an authentic termination codon and the latter one with a line is used after
precious cleavage at the two cleavage sites and joining reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mRNA extracted from
the three different tissues was compared. A TATA-
binding protein 2 (TBP2) was used as an internal con-
trol because TBP2 was relevant to a glyeraldehyde-3-
phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) commonly used as
a reference gene in plants (data not shown). Figure 4
shows that expression level in roots was higher than
that in leaves and stems, which was almost consistent
with the GABA content in the three tissues (Table 3). Moreover, it was clear that the expression in leaves
and stems from #8_1 was lower than those from Ni
and #8_8 (Fig. 4). of #8_1: AKSRSSRRSGR (GAD3ΔA) and #8_8 AKNQ-
DAAD (GAD3Δ122) using an E. coli expression system. Of note, these two recombinant proteins were expressed
in large amounts, mostly in the soluble fraction, in con-
trast to wild-type OsGAD3 and OsGAD3ΔC, in which the
soluble fraction was recovered in small amounts. As
shown in Fig. 5, both proteins were Ca2+/CaM-independ-
ent like OsGAD3ΔC, but, they displayed lower activity
than OsGAD3ΔC (Fig. 1c). Comparing these two genome
edited versions, a truncated version of OsGAD3ΔA from
#8_1 showed slightly higher activity than that from #8_8. mRNA Analysis of GAD3 in Wild-Type, #8_1, and #8_8
Rice Plants that GAD3 expression level in the roots is signifi-
cantly higher than in leaves and stems in vegetative
tissues. In order to determine the correlation between
GABA content and GAD3 mRNA expression, semi-
quantitative
reverse
transcriptase
polymerase
chain It was speculated that the expression level of the GAD3
in these plants is critical for the GABA content in each
tissue. The RiceExpro database (Sato et al. 2013) shows Page 5 of 12 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Akama et al. Rice Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of OsGAD3 (Os03g0236200) gene structure and gRNA target sit for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of OsGAD3. a
Exons, introns, and UTRs are indicated by solid boxes, lines and blank boxes, respectively. Upstream and downstream arrows indicate translation
initiation and termination sites, respectively. The numbers in brackets indicate the distance of an exon sequence to the initiation codon (ATG). A
gray box indicates a calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD). Scale corresponds to 100 bp. b Downstream region of OsGAD3 gene from nucleotide
position 1366 to 1545. The amino acid sequence is shown below nucleotide sequence. An asterisk indicates a termination codon. Nucleotide
sequence and its translated amino acid corresponded to a CaMBD is indicated in blue. Two target sequences (F1 target and R1 target) of the
CRISPR/Cas9 are underlined. Boxes show the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM: 5′-NGG-3′) sequences. Black arrows show a putative cleavage sites
of gRNA. Two termination codons are indicated in red. The former is an authentic termination codon and the latter one with a line is used after
precious cleavage at the two cleavage sites and joining Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of OsGAD3 (Os03g0236200) gene structure and gRNA target sit for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of OsGAD3. a
Exons, introns, and UTRs are indicated by solid boxes, lines and blank boxes, respectively. Upstream and downstream arrows indicate translation
initiation and termination sites, respectively. The numbers in brackets indicate the distance of an exon sequence to the initiation codon (ATG). A
gray box indicates a calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD). Scale corresponds to 100 bp. b Downstream region of OsGAD3 gene from nucleotide
position 1366 to 1545. The amino acid sequence is shown below nucleotide sequence. An asterisk indicates a termination codon. Nucleotide
sequence and its translated amino acid corresponded to a CaMBD is indicated in blue. Two target sequences (F1 target and R1 target) of the
CRISPR/Cas9 are underlined. Boxes show the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM: 5′-NGG-3′) sequences. In Vitro Assay of GAD Enzymes from Genome-Edited #8_1
and #8_8 Plants We analyzed the GABA content in seeds and vegetative
tissues among wild-type, #8_1, and #8_8 and showed sig-
nificant
accumulation
in
the
grains
and
roots
of
genome-edited lines. Fig. S1 summarizes several other
features in seeds, notably, #8_8 had significantly higher Because we could not detect any difference in GAD spe-
cific activity among seeds or roots of the three rice lines
(data not shown), we prepared recombinant GAD3 pro-
teins from #8_1 and #8_8, carrying the C-terminal portion Page 6 of 12 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Akama et al. Rice Fig. 3 DNA sequence of target regions in OsGAD3. Ni (wild-type variety Nipponbare) indicates nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the
OsGAD3 gene in the target region of CRISPR/Cas9. Two black arrows (F1 and R1) indicate putative cleavage sites of CRISPR/Cas9. The CaMBD is
indicated in blue. Double slash marks indicate the presence of sequence gaps. No. 1 to 8 indicate examples of mutations observed in the coding
region of OsGAD3-CaMBD. Small letters in red indicate an insertion. Hyphens indicate a deletion. Base pairs (bp) in brackets indicate the length of
the deletion Fig. 3 DNA sequence of target regions in OsGAD3. Ni (wild-type variety Nipponbare) indicates nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Fig. 3 DNA sequence of target regions in OsGAD3. Ni (wild-type variety Nipponbare) indicates nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the
OsGAD3 gene in the target region of CRISPR/Cas9. Two black arrows (F1 and R1) indicate putative cleavage sites of CRISPR/Cas9. The CaMBD is
indicated in blue. Double slash marks indicate the presence of sequence gaps. No. 1 to 8 indicate examples of mutations observed in the coding
region of OsGAD3-CaMBD. Small letters in red indicate an insertion. Hyphens indicate a deletion. Base pairs (bp) in brackets indicate the length of
the deletion in seed weight per grain (12%) and protein contents
(20%) than Ni or #8_1 and Ni, respectively. OsGAD3
indicated
Ca2+/CaM-dependent
activation,
whereas a removal of CaMBD resulted in an approxi-
mately three and half-fold increase in GAD activity at
pH 7.0, irrespective of Ca2+/CaM (Fig. 1c). This indi-
cated that the C-terminal domain functions as a strong
autoinhibitory domain. There are several reports on the
enzyme
activity
of
CaMBD-truncated
plant
GAD
(GADΔC) in vitro. For example, the enzyme activity of
recombinant tea GAD1ΔC showed an approximately
1.8-fold increase in GABA compared with wild-type
GAD1 at pH 5.8 (Mei et al. In Vitro Assay of GAD Enzymes from Genome-Edited #8_1
and #8_8 Plants 2016), and tomato GADsΔC
enhanced their activities from 10- to 16-fold at pH 7.0
(Nonaka et al. 2017). OsGAD3 is the similar responsive-
ness to CaMBD-truncation as well. Discussion In this study we established rice lines where the coding
region of CaMBD was deleted from OsGAD3 gene via a
genome-editing
procedure. Rice
contains
five
GAD
genes, among which GAD3 is known for its strong ex-
pression in seeds (Liu et al. 2005), implying that GAD3
is a possible target for metabolic engineering of the
GABA shunt. Furthermore, Fig. 1b shows that OsGAD3
has an authentic CaMBD, as found in most plant GADs,
meaning that it is activated in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent
manner. In fact, an in vitro enzyme assay of recombinant Table 1 Amino acid sequence of target regions
Class
Amino acid sequence
Ni
PPAPLLVVAKKSELETQRSVTEAWKKFVLAKRTNGVC
1
PPAPLLVVAKSRSSRRSGR
2
PPAPLLVVAKSRSSRRSGR
3
PPAPLLVVAKNRSSRRSGR
4
PPAPLLVVAKKVGARDAAVGDGGVEEVRARQEDQRRLLVSISDSATAYKSTNQDAAD
5
PPAPLLVVAKRVGARDAAVGDGGVEEVRARQEDQRRLLVSISDSATAYKSTNQDAAD
6
PPAPLLVGDGGVEEVRARQEDQRRLLVSISDSATAYKSTNQDAAD
7
PQRSVTEAWKKFVLAKRTNGVC
8
PPAPLLVVAKNQDAAD Table 1 Amino acid sequence of target regions
Class
Amino acid sequence
Ni
PPAPLLVVAKKSELETQRSVTEAWKKFVLAKRTNGVC
1
PPAPLLVVAKSRSSRRSGR
2
PPAPLLVVAKSRSSRRSGR
3
PPAPLLVVAKNRSSRRSGR
4
PPAPLLVVAKKVGARDAAVGDGGVEEVRARQEDQRRLLVSISDSATAYKSTNQDAAD
5
PPAPLLVVAKRVGARDAAVGDGGVEEVRARQEDQRRLLVSISDSATAYKSTNQDAAD
6
PPAPLLVGDGGVEEVRARQEDQRRLLVSISDSATAYKSTNQDAAD
7
PQRSVTEAWKKFVLAKRTNGVC
8
PPAPLLVVAKNQDAAD Table 1 Amino acid sequence of target regions Akama et al. Discussion However, the GABA contents in vegetative tissues pro-
duce different results (Table 3), and there was no clear
tendency among leaves and stems among wild-type Ni
and genome-edited lines, but the roots, #8_1 and #8_8
accumulated much higher GABA levels than Ni. Semi-
quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the relative expres-
sion level in roots was high in GAD3 in each line. These
results suggested that lower levels of transcription of
GAD3 may cancel the effect of truncation of CaMBD in
leaves and stems, due to relatively higher expression
levels of the other GAD genes (see Fig. S3). On the other
hand, because of higher expression in the roots, the
truncation effect can be effectively expressed. Neverthe-
less, comparison of mRNA expression in two genome
edited lines demonstrated that #8_1 displayed relatively
lower expression than another line #8_8 in all tissues
(Fig. 4). Therefore, a decrease in GAD3 transcription
and/or instability of its RNA in #8_1 may be the main
reason for the lower GABA level than in #8_8 even in
seeds. Supplementary data shown in Fig. S2 seems to
support this notion (i.e., GAD3 mRNA level in seeds:
#8_8 > Ni > #8_1). Furthermore, the expression profiles
of remaining four rice GAD genes indicate that only
GAD1 was strongly expressed in seeds, in which expres-
sion levels in the genome-edited lines were almost the
same each other (Fig. S3). This strongly suggests that
GAD3 expression level is a critical to determine GABA
content at least in the genome edited seeds, because en-
zyme activities of these were not significantly different
(Fig. 5). Hori and Watanabe (2007) reported that the
length of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) plays a crit-
ical role in mRNA stability in plants. The appearance of
a premature amber codon caused a relatively long 3′-
UTR in #8_1, which may have affected GAD3 mRNA
stability. Although we have no explanation for the up-
regulation of mutated GAD3 in #8_8, Mei et al. (2016)
reported that not only activation of GAD activity but Therefore, it is expected that an in vivo truncation of
CaMBD causes rice plants to increase GABA content as
reported (Baum et al. 1996; Takayama et al. 2017). For
in vivo mutagenesis, we attempted an intact deletion of
the coding region for Ca2+/CaMBD using CRISPR/Cas9,
but not by introducing a premature termination codon
before the coding region. We established 22lines (Table
S1). Discussion Rice (2020) 13:20 Page 7 of 12 Page 7 of 12 Table 2 Free amino acid content in rice grains
Amino
acid
Ni
#8_1
#8_8
(nmol/g FW)
Ala
431.2 ± 176.4
503.0 ± 94.2
1.2
905.4 ± 322.4**
2.1
Gly
159.9 ± 55.5
131.7 ± 59.6
0.8
106.9 ± 19.2
0.7
Val
66.4 ± 18.2
81.0 ± 30.1
1.2
146.3 ± 44.8**
2.2
Leu
17.7 ± 6.2
53.0 ± 14.2**
3.0
54.9 ± 21.2**
3.1
Ile
10.2 ± 4.1
6.0 ± 3.5
0.6
53.1 ± 19.8**
5.2
Ser
281.0 ± 72.7
25.0 ± 17.8**
0.1
448.3 ± 94.2**
1.6
Pro
210.6 ± 65.1
127.7 ± 47.9
0.6
139.8 ± 59.6
0.7
Asn
1758.6 ± 412.2
5018.0 ± 2805.0**
2.9
566.5 ± 302.1**
0.3
Asp
1042.7 ± 245.6
3480.3 ± 1674.0**
3.3
2289.0 ± 813.9**
2.2
Met
549.7 ± 48.1
146.3 ± 57.0*
0.3
1524.5 ± 371.2**
2.8
Glu
1866.6 ± 588.6
3685.0 ± 876.5**
2.0
2898.9 ± 1105.2*
1.6
Phe
19.7 ± 7.2
24.3 ± 6.0
1.2
55.0 ± 18.8**
2.8
Gln
19.2 ± 8.9
130.7 ± 58.4**
6.8
ND
His
34.9 ± 23.3
253.0 ± 133.9**
7.2
ND
Tyr
24.3 ± 10.5
36.3 ± 17.0
1.5
25.2 ± 11.1
1.0
Trp
42.9 ± 12.6
4.0 ± 3.4**
0.1
13.6 ± 4.8**
0.3
GABA
32.0 ± 10.1
18.3 ± 10.2
0.6
223.5 ± 93.9**
7.0
Value:average ± sandard deviation
Bold:fold against Ni
ND not detected
* P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01 versus Ni control wild-type, showing not only bi-allelic but also chimeric
forms. Mikami et al. (2015) reported bi-allelic mutations
frequently using an all-in-one expression vector carrying
Cas9/gRNA. Because of the relatively longer selection
period for calli from rice, plant lines with chimeric geno-
type may tend to regenerate as this study. As expected, the GABA content in #8_8 was seven-
fold higher than wild-type Ni (Table 2). Of note, a very
similar mutant #8_1, which was caused by a one base
pair deletion causing a truncation of CaMBD, was simi-
lar to the wild-type GABA content (Table 2). There was
a subtle difference between these in the resulting peptide
(Table 1). In vitro GAD activity of recombinant proteins
#8_1 and #8_8 were both higher than GAD3 in the ab-
sence of Ca2+/CaM, meaning that the putative proteins
created from genome-editing have potentially higher
GAD activity in vivo than the wild-type (Figs. 1c and 5). Discussion OsGAD3 and TBP2 indicate reactions with primers
GAD3-F57 and GAD3-R379 or TBP2-F and TBP2-R as an internal control, respectively. Samples were analyzed using a DNA-500 of MULTINA
(Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Graph shown at the bottom indicates the ratio of band intensity of GAD3 to that of TBP2. SM shows a DNA size maker. ND: not detected Fig. 4 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA transcribed from OsGAD3 genes in wild-type (Ni) and genome-edited rice (lines #8_1 and #8_8 in
Table S1). Total RNA was isolated from the tissues indicated above the lanes. Single-stranded cDNA synthesized from each RNA (2 μg) with an
oligo-dT primer using reverse transcriptase was amplified with an appropriate primer set (Table S2). PCR conditions were as follows: cycles of
95 °C 30 s, 60 °C 30 s, 72 °C 30 s were repeated by 27 times for GAD3 and 25 times for TBP2. OsGAD3 and TBP2 indicate reactions with primers
GAD3-F57 and GAD3-R379 or TBP2-F and TBP2-R as an internal control, respectively. Samples were analyzed using a DNA-500 of MULTINA
(Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Graph shown at the bottom indicates the ratio of band intensity of GAD3 to that of TBP2. SM shows a DNA size maker. ND: not detected also up-regulation of GAD transcription in response to
multiple stresses is critical for the accumulation of
GABA in tea plants. differences in several amino acids remaining in the C-
terminal region of OsGADs may still play a critical role
in the regulation of enzyme activity itself. As described above, genome-edited GAD3 proteins
from #8_1 and #8_8 showed relatively high activity (Fig. 5). Zik et al. (2006) reported that in petunia GAD-
CaMBD, deletion of the N-terminal 18 amino acids de-
creased activity by one-quarter compared with wild-type
but with sustained Ca2+/CaM-dependency. Conversely,
deletion of the C-terminal 9 amino acid decreased activ-
ity by 1/20 without a Ca2+/CaM response. OsGAD3ΔA
(#8_1) and OsGAD3Δ122 (#8_8) both contain the same
proximal dipeptide (AK) of CaMBD, but remaining the 6
or 9 peptides were completely different (Table 1). Exten-
sion of the sizes of these peptide may not interfere with
enzyme activity. Of note, our ongoing experiment on
OsGAD1 by genome edition demonstrated that the pres-
ence of the N-terminal five peptides of CaMBD with
three tail amino acids drastically decreased its in vitro
enzyme activity (in preparation). Taken together, subtle Nonaka et al. Discussion Out of 17 lines analyzed at the DNA level, seven
lines contained the expected 122 bp deletion (41%). The
remaining lines were mostly single-base deletions and
insertions (Fig. 3). Wang et al. (2017) reported the dele-
tion of a target gene in rice via CRISPR/Cas9, and the
deletion frequency correlated with the target size. For
example, over 21% for a 430 bp target deletion but only
9% for a 10 kbp target. It is clear that shorter deletions
were achieved with high frequency. In addition, almost
T1 lines contained two or three mutations including a Table 3 GABA content in rice plants
Tissue
Ni
#8_1
#8_8
(nmol/g FW)
Leaf
202.1 ± 1.1
165.5 ± 18
124.6 ± 25.4*
Stem
38.2 ± 9.1
89.8 ± 44.9
46.9 ± 14.4
Root
69.0 ± 12.0
250.2 ± 91.4*
402.7 ± 26.4*
Value:mean ± standard deviation
*P < 0.05 versus Ni control Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Page 8 of 12 Fig. 4 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA transcribed from OsGAD3 genes in wild-type (Ni) and genome-edited rice (lines #8_1 and #8_8 in
Table S1). Total RNA was isolated from the tissues indicated above the lanes. Single-stranded cDNA synthesized from each RNA (2 μg) with an
oligo-dT primer using reverse transcriptase was amplified with an appropriate primer set (Table S2). PCR conditions were as follows: cycles of
95 °C 30 s, 60 °C 30 s, 72 °C 30 s were repeated by 27 times for GAD3 and 25 times for TBP2. OsGAD3 and TBP2 indicate reactions with primers
GAD3-F57 and GAD3-R379 or TBP2-F and TBP2-R as an internal control, respectively. Samples were analyzed using a DNA-500 of MULTINA
(Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Graph shown at the bottom indicates the ratio of band intensity of GAD3 to that of TBP2. SM shows a DNA size maker. ND: not detected Fig. 4 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA transcribed from OsGAD3 genes in wild-type (Ni) and genome-edited rice (lines #8_1 and #8_8 in
Table S1). Total RNA was isolated from the tissues indicated above the lanes. Single-stranded cDNA synthesized from each RNA (2 μg) with an
oligo-dT primer using reverse transcriptase was amplified with an appropriate primer set (Table S2). PCR conditions were as follows: cycles of
95 °C 30 s, 60 °C 30 s, 72 °C 30 s were repeated by 27 times for GAD3 and 25 times for TBP2. Conclusions Here, we have demonstrated that C-terminal truncation of
the coding region of OsGAD3 was successfully done using
CRISPR/Cas9. We developed a new rice line containing
seven-fold higher content of GABA than wild-type and
displayed improvements in the quality of rice grain such
fresh weight per grain and protein concentration. Fig. 5 In vitro enzyme assay for recombinant OsGADs based on the
nucleotide sequence from genome-edited rice plants (#8_1 and
#8_8). The GAD assay was performed to measure GAD production as
in Fig. 1c. –Ca2+/CaM; without Ca2+/CaM, +Ca2+/CaM: with 0.5 mM
Ca2+ and 0.1 μM bovine calmodulin (Sigma). Data present the
mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments
for both Fig. 5 In vitro enzyme assay for recombinant OsGADs based on the
nucleotide sequence from genome-edited rice plants (#8_1 and
#8_8). The GAD assay was performed to measure GAD production as
in Fig. 1c. –Ca2+/CaM; without Ca2+/CaM, +Ca2+/CaM: with 0.5 mM
Ca2+ and 0.1 μM bovine calmodulin (Sigma). Data present the
mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments
for both Discussion (2017) reported on targeted mutagenesis
in tomato fruits: they modified two GAD genes by re-
moving the coding region of CaMBD using the CRSIPR/
Cas9 system. Genome-edited tomato accumulated 7- to
15-fold more GABA in fruits than wild-type. In spite of
non-desirable effects such as dwarf tendency or smaller
plant and fruit size and yield, the resulting products
were effective for controlling hypertension via daily in-
take. Genome-edited rice developed in this study was
seven-fold higher levels of GABA than wild-type brown
rice. Although milled rice was not examined for GABA
content yet, a significant reduction of it might not be
avoided due to the higher promoter activity of OsGAD3
in embryos (Sato et al. 2013). In parallel to the GABA analysis, not only the average
weight of brown rice from #8_8 but also the protein
composition was significantly higher than Ni and #8_1 Page 9 of 12 Page 9 of 12 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Fig. 5 In vitro enzyme assay for recombinant OsGADs based on the
nucleotide sequence from genome-edited rice plants (#8_1 and
#8_8). The GAD assay was performed to measure GAD production as
in Fig. 1c. –Ca2+/CaM; without Ca2+/CaM, +Ca2+/CaM: with 0.5 mM
Ca2+ and 0.1 μM bovine calmodulin (Sigma). Data present the
mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments
for both the size of grains significantly, increasing grain weight
and storage proteins (She et al., 2010). It has been shown
that high-temperature stress during the seed maturation
reduced the accumulation of storage starch in rice grains
(Yamakawa et al., 2007). FLO2 expression was up-
regulated by high-temperature stress, supporting idea
that FLO2 plays an important role in the trait for toler-
ance to high-temperature stress (She et al., 2019). Inter-
estingly, among five GAD gene family in rice, only
GAD3 gene was induced by high-temperature stress
(Akama, unpublished data). This common feature be-
tween FLO2 and GAD3 may be a clue to investigate a
novel function of GAD3. Further analysis of OsGAD3
will be required for dissection
of the relationship
between increase in grain productivity and OsGAD3
function as well as improvement in GABA content. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare (Ni) was used in this
study. Cultivation conditions for rice plants comprised a
growth
chamber
and
a
naturally
lighted
non-
containment greenhouse (40 m2 in area) located in
Matsue-city, Japan, as described in Akama et al. (2009). (Fig. S1). Of note, OsGAD3 promoter::β-glucuronidase
(GUS) reporter analysis demonstrated that OsGAD3 was
predominantly expressed in the vascular bundle from
lateral roots, leaves, and embryo and scutella (Fig. S4). Interestingly, levels of Asp, Asn and Glu significantly in-
creased in #8_1 grains, while they all decreased in #8_8
grains (Table 2). These amino acids play an critical role
not only in protein synthesis but also starch synthesis
via GABA shunt and TCA cycle (Fait et al., 2011). Therefore, relatively lower level of amino acids observed
in #8_8 may partially explain increment in protein con-
tent and seed weight. The expression patterns observed
in OsGAD3 indicated that GABA may be synthesized in
vascular bundles to translocate via them or Glu translo-
cated via vascular bundles is converted to GABA near
them, where OsGAD3 has a prominent role in GABA
production. Most probably tissue-specific expression
patterns of OsGAD3 shown in Fig. S4 and activated
GAD3 enzyme might be both important to exert their
effects on seed quality to improve as well. (Fig. S1). Of note, OsGAD3 promoter::β-glucuronidase
(GUS) reporter analysis demonstrated that OsGAD3 was
predominantly expressed in the vascular bundle from
lateral roots, leaves, and embryo and scutella (Fig. S4). Interestingly, levels of Asp, Asn and Glu significantly in-
creased in #8_1 grains, while they all decreased in #8_8
grains (Table 2). These amino acids play an critical role
not only in protein synthesis but also starch synthesis
via GABA shunt and TCA cycle (Fait et al., 2011). Therefore, relatively lower level of amino acids observed
in #8_8 may partially explain increment in protein con-
tent and seed weight. The expression patterns observed
in OsGAD3 indicated that GABA may be synthesized in
vascular bundles to translocate via them or Glu translo-
cated via vascular bundles is converted to GABA near
them, where OsGAD3 has a prominent role in GABA
production. Most probably tissue-specific expression
patterns of OsGAD3 shown in Fig. S4 and activated
GAD3 enzyme might be both important to exert their
effects on seed quality to improve as well. Plasmid Construction In this study, three different kinds of expression vectors
were constructed, as follows: i)
OsGAD3-CaMBD for an in vitro Ca2+/CaM binding
assay: The coding region for OsGAD3-CaMBD
(AKKSELETQRSVTEAWKKFVLAKRTNGVC)
was amplified by PCR using primer set CaMBD-F
and CaMBD-R (Table S2) from OsGAD3 cDNA
(AK071556) as a template. The resulting fragment
was subcloned into pET32a (Novagen) at the NcoI
and EcoRI sites. ii) Genome-editing vectors for truncation of the C-
terminal region of OsGAD3: Target guide RNA
(gRNA) sequences were designed using the
CRISPR-P program (Lei et al. 2014) in the coding
region for OsGAD3-CaMBD (for gRNA-F1) and
downstream (for gRNA-R1) (Fig. 2b). One pair of
the synthesized 20-nucleotide target sequences for
gRNA-F1 and gRNA-R1 were annealed to make
double-stranded DNA, respectively, inserted into On the other hand, it has been reported that overex-
pression of FLO2 (FLOURY ENDOSERPM2) enlarged Page 10 of 12 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 Page 10 of 12 Akama et al. Rice (2020) 13:20 the BbsI site of the gRNA cloning vector pU6gRNA
(Mikami et al. 2015). A PvuII and AscI fragment
from pU6gRNA carrying gRNA-R1 was inserted
into pU6gRNA carrying gRNA-F1 via the EcoRV
and AscI sites, resulting in pU6gRNA_F1 and R1. A
PvuII and AscI fragment from this pU6gRNA de-
rivative was inserted at the AscI and PlmI sites of a
Ti plasmid pZDgRNA_Casver.2_HPT (Mikami et al. 2015) for rice transformation. Characterization of Genome-Edited Rice Plant Lines Characterization of Genome-Edited Rice Plant Lines
Six rice grains pooled from each transgenic line (T1 gen-
eration) were ground to a fine powder with MicroSmash
(Tomy, Tokyo, Japan). Then, 20 mg of powder was sub-
jected to the isolation of free amino acids with 8% (v/v)
of trichloroacetic acid, as described in Akama et al. (2009). In parallel, an aliquot of rice powder was used
for the isolation of total DNA in accordance with Doyle
and Doyle (1990). The target sequence regions of
OsGAD3
in
genome-edited
rice
plants
were
PCR-
amplified with appropriate primer sets (Table S2), then
subcloned in pBluescript II KS (+) (Stratagene) for se-
quence determination. iii) E. coli expression vector for OsGAD3 protein and
its derivative proteins for enzyme assays: Four
different kinds of protein expression vectors were
constructed as follows: A full-length OsGAD3
cDNA was used as a PCR-amplification template
for the production of two different sizes of coding
region of OsGAD3. In Vitro GAD Enzyme Assay In Vitro GAD Enzyme Assay
An in vitro GAD enzyme assay (100 mM bis-tris-HCl at
pH 7.0 as a reaction buffer) for soluble rice GAD protein
series
extracted
from
E. coli
and
purified
with
a
histidine-tag purification resin, was performed in accord-
ance with Akama and Takaiwa (2007). Determination of
GABA production from its substrate glutamate used
GABase (Sigma) based on Akama et al. (2009). Amino Acid Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry GABA content in T1 generation rice grains and free pro-
tein amino acids including GABA in T2 generation plants
were determined in accordance with Kowaka et al. (2015). Agrobacterium-Mediated Rice Transformation Each of the binary vectors was introduced into Agrobac-
terium strain EHA105 (Hood et al. 1993). Transformation
of rice calli via Agrobacterium, selection of calli with 50
mg/L of hygromycin B, and subsequent regeneration were
done essentially as described in Hiei et al. (1994). Bacterial Culture, Recombinant Protein Induction of
pET32a-Derived Expression Vectors and Protein
Purification Total RNA was isolated from tissues (leaf, stem and root)
of 2-week-old rice seedlings (wild-type Ni, #8_1 and #8_8)
using Sepasol RNAI Super G (Nacalai Tesque, Japan). Single-stranded
cDNAs
coding
for
GAD3
and
its
truncations were synthesized from total RNA as the
template
using
reverse
transcriptase
(ReverTra
Ace,
TOYOBO, Osaka, Japan). cDNAs were PCR-amplified
with primer set GAD3-F57 and GAD3-R379 (Table S2). As an internal control, TATA-binding protein 2 (TBP2)
was used as a target to amplify with primers TBP2-F and
TBP2-R (Table S2). The PCR products were analyzed
using an automated gel electrophoresis system (MUL-
TINA, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). After sequence confirmation, pET32a-derived expression
vectors carrying a coding region for OsGAD3-CaMBD,
full-length
OsGAD3,
OsGAD3ΔC,
OsGAD3ΔA,
and
OsGAD3Δ22 cDNAs, respectively, were each introduced
into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS (Novagen). Bacterial
culture, protein induction and recombinant protein
purification were carried out essentially as in Shimajiri
et al. (2013b). Plasmid Construction One was a full-length cDNA
and the other was a 3′-truncated one. Each PCR
product obtained with appropriate primer sets
(Table S2) was cloned into the NcoI and EcoRI sites
of pET32a vector, yielding pET32a::OsGAD3 and
pET32a::OsGAD3ΔC. The remaining two plasmids
contained additional coding sequences for
AKSRSSRRSGR (AK9aa) and AKNQDAAD
(AK6aa) at the C-terminal end of OsGAD3ΔC,
respectively. Bold indicates the N-terminal
dipolypeptides in OsGAD3-CaMBD. They were
amplified from template DNA of OsGAD3 cDNA
#8_1 and #8_8, as described below, with the
appropriate primer set shown in Table S2. These
two cDNA fragments from lines #8_1 and #8_8
were inserted in the NcoI and EcoRI sites of a
pET32a vector, designated as pET32a::OsGAD3ΔA
and pET32a::OsGAD3Δ122, respectively. In Vitro Ca2+/Calmodulin Binding Assay y
Recombinant proteins harboring OsGAD3-CaMBD were
used for in vitro Ca2+/calmodulin binding assays, as de-
scribed in Akama et al. (2001). References Additional file 1: Table S1. Genome-edited rice lines (T1 generation). Table S2. Primers used in this study. Fig. S1 Comparison of rice grain
weight and protein concentration from wild-type Nipponbare and
genome-edited lines (#8_1 and #8_8). Values represent means ± standard
deviation from four independent rice samples. * and ** indicate P < 0.05
versus Ni and P < 0.01 versus Ni and #8_1, respectively. Fig. S2 Semi-
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from seeds. PCR conditions
were as follows: cycles of 95 °C 30 s, 60 °C 30 s, 72 °C 30 s were repeated
by 27 times for GAD3 and by 25 times for TBP2. a GAD3 as a target RNA;
TBP2: TATA-binding Protein 2 as an internal control. b Relative expression
of each GAD3 determined by normalization of that of TBP2. Fig. S3 Semi-
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from various tissues. PCR
conditions were as follows: cycles of 95 °C 30 s, 60 °C 30 s, 72 °C 20 s were
repeated by 24. a GAD1 (AB056060), GAD2 (AB056061), GAD4 (AK101171),
GAD5 (AK070858) as a target RNA; TBP2: TATA-binding Protein 2 as an in-
ternal control. b Relative expression of each GAD determined by
normalization of that of TBP2. Fig. S4 Promoter activity of OsGAD3 in rice. β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assays were performed in transgenic rice
plants by introducing a promoter region of the OsGAD3 gene (2868 bp
from the initiation codon):: GUS gene, showing GUS expression at 1 week
after germination of seedlings a to c and in seed d. a: lateral root, b: sur-
face of leaf sheath, c: cross section of leaf sheath, d: transverse section of
brown rice grain. Scale bars = 1 mm. Akama K, Akihiro T, Kitagawa M, Takaiwa F (2001) Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a
novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic
calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus. Biochim Biophys Acta 1522:
143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00324-4 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00324-4 Akama K, Kanetou J, Shimosaki S, Kawakami K, Tsuchikura S, Takaiwa F (2009)
Seed-specific expression of truncated OsGAD2 produces GABA-enriched rice
grains that influence a decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously
hypertensive rats. Transgenic Res 18:865–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-
009-9272-1 Akama K, Takaiwa F (2007) C-terminal extension of rice glutamate decarboxylase
(OsGAD2) functions as an autoinhibitory domain and overexpression of a
truncated mutant results in the accumulation of extremely high levels of
GABA in plant cells. J Exp Bot 58:2699–2707. Supplementary information Received: 1 October 2019 Accepted: 4 March 2020 Acknowledgments
W
i
h N We appreciate the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (Tsukuba,
Japan) for a supply of the full-length cDNA clone (AK071556). Gaj T, Gersbach CA, Barbas CF III (2013) ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based
methods for genome engineering. Trends Biotechnol 31:397–405. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.04.004 Abbreviations Bouché N, Fromm H (2004) GABA in plants: just a metabolite? Trends Plant Sci 9:
110–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.006 Bouché N, Fromm H (2004) GABA in plants: just a metabolite? Trends Plant Sci 9:
110–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.006 bp: base pairs; C/N: Carbon/nitrogen; CaM: Calmodulin; CaMBD: Calmodulin-
binding domain; CRISPR/Cas: Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic
repeats/CRISPR-associated protein; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid;
GAD: Glutamate decarboxylase; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase; gRNA: guide RNA; GUS: β-glucuronidase; Ni: Nipponbare;
PAM: Protospacer adjacent motif; RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction; TBP2: TATA-binding protein 2; UTR: Untranslated region Demirci Y, Zhang B, Unver T (2018) CRISPR/Cas9: an RNA-guided highly precise
synthetic tool for plant genome editing. J Cell Physiol 233:1844–1859. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25970 p
g
j p
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l Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15
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l Fait A, Nesi AN, Angelovici R, Lehmann M, Pham PA, Song L, Haslam RP, Napier
JA, Galili G, Fernie AR (2011) Targeted enhancement of glutamate-to-γ-
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JA, Galili G, Fernie AR (2011) Targeted enhancement of glutamate-to-γ-
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balance and storage reserves in a development-dependent manner. Plant
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are recognized by plant NMD. Plant Cell Physiol 48:1072–1078. https://doi. org/10.1093/pcp/pcm075 This work was supported by the Shimane Industrial Promotion Foundation. Availability of Data and Materials
The vectors used in this study will be available upon request. Author details
1
f Author details
1Department of Life Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue,
Shimane 690-8504, Japan. 2Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit,
Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan. 3Kihara
Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12
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of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt in rice: overexpression of truncated
glutamate decarboxylase (GAD2) and knockdown of γ-aminobutyric acid
transaminase (GABA-T) lead to sustained and high levels of GABA
accumulation in rice kernels. Plant Biotechnol J 11:594–604. https://doi.org/
10.1111/pbi.12050 Shimajiri Y, Ozaki K, Kainou K, Akama K (2013b) Differential subcellular
localization, enzymatic properties and expression patterns of γ-aminobutyric
acid transaminases (GABA-Ts) in rice (Oryza sativa). J Plant Physiol 170:196–
201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.09.007 Steward F, Thompson J, Dent C (1949) γ-Aminobutyric acid, a constituent of
potato tuber. Science 110:439–440 Steward F, Thompson J, Dent C (1949) γ-Aminobutyric acid, a constituent of
potato tuber. Author details
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f https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00479-3 Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M, Xu B (2017) γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
signaling in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 74:1577–1603. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00018-016-2415-7 Publisher’s Note Science 110:439–440 Takayama M, Matsukura C, Ariizumi T, Ezura H (2017) Activating glutamate
decarboxylase activity by removing the autoinhibitory domain leads to hyper
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in tomato fruit. Plant Cell Rep 36:
103–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-2061-4 Trobacher CP, Zarei A, Liu J, Clark SM, Bozzo GG, Shelp BJ (2013) Calmodulin-
dependent and calmodulin-independent glutamate decarboxylases in apple
fruit. BMC Plant Biol 13:144. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-13-144 Tsushida T, Murai T, Omori M, Okamoto J (1987) Production of a new type tea
containing a high level of γ-aminobutyric acid. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi
(in Japanese) 61:817–822 Tsushida T, Murai T, Omori M, Okamoto J (1987) Production of a new type tea
containing a high level of γ-aminobutyric acid. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi
(in Japanese) 61:817–822 | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://openalex.org/W3011349421', 'collection': 'OpenAlex', 'open_type': 'Open Science', 'license': 'CC-By', 'date': '2020.0', 'title': 'An In Vivo Targeted Deletion of the Calmodulin-Binding Domain from Rice Glutamate Decarboxylase 3 (OsGAD3) Increases γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content in Grains', 'creator': 'Kiyoshi Akama', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '9820', 'token_count': '18774', '__index_level_0__': '20775', 'original_id': '60cdf3a9935531476aca0fae995558360f8452781e34fd967bf901c126ddd48e'} |
Community Discussion: Blog by Zugzwang | Why Remaking FFVII is a Bad IdeaDestructoid
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Does anyone else think the incessant demand for a Final Fantasy VII remake is one of the most thunderously stupid sentiments in gaming these days? It seems any bit of news regarding SquareEnix is inevitably met with the same comment repeated ad nauseam the internet over: "God the last two/four/dozen FF games have sucked. Just remake Final Fantasy VII already."
Always with that tone, too. "Release it already." As though it's been promised to them and withheld, its development somehow a foregone conclusion that keeps getting postponed by all the inconvenient delays the rest of us call "new Final Fantasy games," and these guys are taking SquareEnix to task for cockblocking them from a game that's been out for fourteen years.
Do I dare unpack the breathtaking logical gymnastics involved in statements like "your last X games have sucked, ergo you must remake one of the most beloved titles of all time?" Do they think the staff of people that have spent the last five years making all those games they didn't like are just going to sit this one out? That the real Square employees are going to return from the world's longest smoke break and commence Bringin' the Fun? Hate to be the bearer of bad news, but if the folks at Squenix knew how to capture that vintage FF magic, they would never have stopped in the first place, and this chorus demanding their nostalgia be vigorously serviced would likely never have gained traction in the first place.
Nothing the company has done in recent years suggests they are capable of anything but an immaculately rendered letdown.
"It's a license to print money!" many proponents have argued, and they are right. It's a guaranteed million seller at the very least (as with nearly every Final Fantasy). But being a shameless cash-grab should not be counted among a prospective title's virtues for anyone other than company stockholders, and make no mistake, shameless it would be: there is no legitimate creative reason to make Final Fantasy VII again. That's been made abundantly clear by the procession of tie-ins, movies, and prequels released over the years, the best of which carries all the artistic weight of a chintzy retcon, the RPG equivalent of epic lunchbox paraphernalia; the worst of which exists in order to beg its own question: it exists so that you can buy it, and you bought it because it exists. Any merits therein are purely incidental.
VII was not a game that was just shy of greatness. It was not held back by a gigantic design misstep or technical limitation (regardless of what modern standards dictate). It was not great until X point in the story. It was not amazing except for Y battle mechanic. History does not remember it as "almost a masterpiece." FFVII does not need to be fixed. So what, precisely, does a remake have to offer us that a replay can't? Graphics. Period. That's it. Now, I'm not going to claim that the freakish proportions of your dumpy, Cloud-shaped Popeye man was integral to your understanding of the game's themes, and that all would be ruined if you controlled a well-rendered, recognizably human character not suffering from severe edema. But would it add anything to experience? FFXIII had some of the most stunning graphics and character models in the series, or anywhere else for that matter. By and large, that did not make for a more interesting story, it did not expand our understanding of the characters beyond providing heaping portions of tin-earred melodrama, and other than showing off some very lovely set-pieces, it never really managed a setting, a world that contextualized the characters in a way that both informed and intrigued the player.
Or let's take Advent Children, since it was certainly as pretty as XIII and gave VII's cast that all-important makeover. It was one of the dumbest movies I've ever seen. CG modeling had by then reached the point of essentially unlimited storytelling power, which Tetsuya Nomura took as his cue to pop an hour-and-thirty minute long Matrix boner wherein the laws of physics, the stakes of each battle, and the spirit of the original, all became increasingly moot. It was a tech demo that dreamed it was a fight scene that once pretended to be a story so it could pick up chicks.
Now, 90% of FFVII looks like total dog shit, interspersed with five minute snippets where your characters grow four feet taller, sprout faces, and mime emphatically to one another. And despite the dated, quaint, or downright poor moments in presentation, it's a story that's obviously stuck with people the most without all the new-fangled razzle-frazzle.
Many of you, by this point, have probably dismissed me as a luddite nostalgist, afeard of The Newness because it doesn't sync with the VII of my adolescence. But I'm not saying graphics can't add to that experience. Graphical muscle is certainly capable of providing a whole new dimension of drama and depth. But what makes anyone think that's what it would be used for? What, in SquareEnix's recent oeuvre, suggests these are the people capable of adding anything of value to the original? More likely, the unlimited graphical majesty would be used to drop Aeris' neckline a few inches, have Sephiroth level all of Nibelheim using an endless succession of rad backflips, and replace most of the cast's dialogue with choreographed posing and icy over-the-shoulder squints. And boy, who else just can't wait to hear Yuffie talk? Won't that be grand?
I suppose there are plenty of people out there who don't view the company's recent output with quite the same level of virulent negativity as I do. And that's fine, there is no objective way to assess such things. To each his own, I say (though you'll have to imagine me doing so in that really condescending way, where someone's trying to sound like the bigger person but is actually judging you -- judging with their eyes.). Mostly, this hectoring is leveled at people that didn't care for the recent Final Fantasy's either, and still think a remake is a grand idea -- people for whom cause and effect is nothing more than a terrifying bluster of noise and motion without connection, correlation, just one long shrieking blurt of sensory data that ends, inevitably, on an internet message board, talking about how pretty graphics are pretty. It does occur to me that I might just be a dick, though, so...take that under consideration as well.
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Advertising on destructoid is available: Please contact them to learn more | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '54', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9596242308616638}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '107005', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CW5PFWJXNIKIHCHPTYP5X2EFWQUVJ6RD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b80b58c3-cb13-4515-a1ac-35b2c0dd8c71>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 22, 6, 30, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.29.115.146', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MTQD65TIIYD55XKPMYI3NPB6SSSKCJXA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:72a27879-a016-49ea-926f-d3e137aa5197>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.destructoid.com/blogs/Zugzwang/why-remaking-ffvii-is-a-bad-idea-203314.phtml', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:df107772-7a21-4fff-a13e-170e2d5d450f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1254', 'url': 'http://www.destructoid.com/blogs/Zugzwang/why-remaking-ffvii-is-a-bad-idea-203314.phtml', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.26093214750289917', 'original_id': 'de1bd083bff59e599c68f575203494f6eccb594bf2c0ba3360904500f9dc8039'} |
\section{Definite Integral of Periodic Function}
Tags: Periodic Functions, Definite Integrals
\begin{theorem}
Let $f$ be a Darboux integrable periodic function with period $L$.
Let $\alpha \in \R$ and $n \in \Z$.
Then:
:$\ds \int_\alpha^{\alpha + n L} \map f x \d x = n \int_0^L \map f x \d x$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
For $n \ge 0$:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = \int_\alpha^{\alpha + n L} \map f x \d x
| r = \int_\alpha^0 \map f x \d x + \sum_{k \mathop = 0}^{n - 1} \int_{k L}^{\paren {k + 1} L} \map f x \d x + \int_{n L}^{\alpha + n L} \map f x \d x
| c = Sum of Integrals on Adjacent Intervals for Integrable Functions/Corollary
}}
{{eqn | r = \int_\alpha^0 \map f x \d x + \sum_{k \mathop = 0}^{n - 1} \int_{k L}^{\paren {k + 1} L} \map f {x - k L} \d x + \int_{n L}^{\alpha + n L} \map f {x - n L} \d x
| c = General Periodicity Property
}}
{{eqn | r = \int_\alpha^0 \map f x \d x + \sum_{k \mathop = 0}^{n - 1} \int_0^L \map f x \d x + \int_0^\alpha \map f x \d x
| c = Integration by Substitution
}}
{{eqn | r = n \int_0^L \map f x \d x
| c = Reversal of Limits of Definite Integral
}}
{{end-eqn}}
For $n < 0$:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = \int_\alpha^{\alpha + n L} \map f x \d x
| r = -\int_{\alpha + n L}^\alpha \map f x \d x
| c = Reversal of Limits of Definite Integral
}}
{{eqn | r = -\int_{\alpha + n L}^{\alpha + n L + \paren {-n L} } \map f x \d x
}}
{{eqn | r = -\paren {-n \int_0^L \map f x \d x}
| c = by the above; $-n > 0$
}}
{{eqn | r = n \int_0^L \map f x \d x
}}
{{end-eqn}}
Hence the result.
{{qed}}
Category:Definite Integrals
Category:Periodic Functions
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'b364699b542e822f7993c5551dbc9b3ac16f7c2d7fc5ff54c836dbc9133b9eaf'} |
12 Yorubic Medicine Foods That Can Boost Female Fertility
‘Your fertility is what you eat and how you live’ A.M. Adeosun
Ever wondered why ancient Yoruba women were so fertile that they could give birth to children even in their late 50s and only few were barren? Ancient Yoruba women were renowned for their fertility, that twin births were common occurrences and rarely would you find a barren woman. Even a barren woman used to be popular all over the town or village because she would be an exception to natural process.
There used to be like no infertile woman or at most, a maximum of two in the whole town or village that time. The few infertile women that lived that time were not able to be helped because of the causes of their infertility. According to my grandpa (Baba Alagumu Oyan), the cause often were organic (structural or anatomical) in nature, thus, there was a permanent damage to a reproductive organ or there was a developmental problem in the reproductive system. Such women did not menstruate at all (primary amenorrhea), which means they never ovulated at all because of the structural defections. They used to call them Lakriboto. Some of them had damaged womb, ovary, etc.
For those with functional (Physiological) problems like absent menstruation, irregular menstruation, anovulation, hyperprolactinemia, PCOS, endometriosis, unexplained infertility; there were herbs that were recommended in Yorubic Medicine and the problems were easily resolved. Functional cases of female fertility were extremely low or uncommon because of the secrets I am about to reveal, which is majorly Yorubic food or dietary system.
Yorubic Food Therapy or Dietary System for Female Fertility
There are certain foods that were common with these ancient Yoruba women. These foods are even recommended in Yorubic Medicine as female fertility boosters if there is no fibroid or fallopian tube blockage, these foods can actually help you to conceive.
Modem scientific investigations have confirmed the fertility boosting power of some of these Yorubic Medicine female fertility foods, which is attributed to their nutrients (vitamins, minerals, fats etc), antioxidants, phytochemicals and zoochemicals.
Yorubic Female Fertility Boosting Foods
1. Yams: Observing Yoruba food system, you will discover that they are majorly yam-based foods. Look at amala (Yam paste), Iyan (pounded yam), Isu jije (sliced and cooked yam), etc Yams especially ewura (Diosarea alata or water yam), esuru (Dioscorea dumetorium or white yam), isu emina (Dioscorea bulbifera, potato yam), Isu igangan (Dioscorea Ceyenensis, yellow yam), etc. contain phytoestrogens and natural progesterone (dioscin) that regulate the estrogen-progesterone balance in women. They convert diosgetion into luteinizing homone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), that are essential for ovulation. They stimulate ovulation.
In Yorubic Medicine, we the practitioners usually recommend that yam diet should be consumed between the period of the last day of your menstruation and the beginning of ovulation or for nine days after menstruation.
You can eat pounded yam with Ilasa (soup made with okro leaves), sliced yam with ikan (egg plant), amala, etc. Avoid fried yam if you are seeking for pregnancy.
1. Eggs (we prefer local (organic) eggs in Yorubic Medicine): We, practitioners of Yorubic Medicine advise infertile women to be eating local eggs especially during their menstrual period, on the day they see it until the third or fifth day that they finish it and that the eggs should be eaten in the night boiled cooked and not fried or raw.
This is one of the Yorubic Medicine female fertility foods used by ancient Yoruba women. Non-organic (agric) egg was non-existent at all among ancient Yoruba women.
The protein in eggs helps to maintain blood sugar balance and also supply essential amino acids to your body for the synthesis of hormones, cell repair and reproductive function. It is also rich in vitamin B6, which is important in the synthesis of female sex hormones and for regulation of estrogen and progesterone. Other fertility vitamins found in eggs are vitamin B12, vitamin B5, and Vitamin E. Female fertility boosting minerals in egg are zinc, selenium and magnesium. They are also rich in carotenoids and other anti- oxidants.
1. Snail: Snail is one of the female fertility boosting super foods in Yorubic Medical System. It is part of many Yorubic Medicine fertility recipes. Studies have shown that snail is rich in selenium, vitamin B12 and Omega-3 fatty acid, all of which are fertility boosting nutrients.
2. Catfish: Catfish is common in Yorubic Medicine recipes. We prepare it in the form of aseje for infertile women. Sometimes, we advise them to take it in soup form with black pepper (Iyere) and some of the pepper soup spices. It is confirmed to be rich in Omega-3-fatty acid, a female fertility booster.
3. Coconut Water: In Yorubic Medicine, it is usually recommended that women with fertility problems should drink coconut water and eat catfish on the last day of menstruation until ovulation time. Studies have demonstrated that coconut water is rich in sugars, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, enzymes, amino acids, cytokine and phyto- hormones
4. Red Palm Oil: This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants (lycopen, beta-caroten, and vitamin E) and anti-inflammatory compounds. We used it in Yorubic Medicine to prepare some formulation for infertile women. We, the practitioners of Yorubic Medicine, advise infertile women to form the habit of drinking raw red palm oil (not too much) at least a cover of a bottle per day or two tablespoons per day in the night. It helps to fight free radicals that may be a reason for some women’s infertility.
5. Guava: I once talked to a nurse that went to one of the Yoruba villages where no single woman is barren. She was there as part of her nursing course as a student. She interviewed the women in that village for their high fertility rates and she was told that they are fond of eating guava, that no woman living in that village will not eat a guava in a day. Men in the village did the same things, so there is no barren woman in the village. Guava is rich in fertility boosting nutrients like folate, vitamins C, B2, E, niacin, calcium and magnesium.
When eating guava for fertility, masticate (chew) the seeds property for you to enjoy the full spectrum of the fertility boosting nutrients in it. The seeds do not cause appendicitis as suggested by some people ignorant of nutrition
1. Fermented locust bean (Iru, Kpeye, Ogilishi): Zinc, Copper and Iron are micro-minerals that are found in fermented locust beans. These minerals especially zinc is a fertility booster for both females and males. It is also rich in magnesium and manganese. These are minerals that have been shown to contribute directly or indirectly to female fertility. Fermented locust bean is found in some of the Yorubic Medicine recipes to boost female fertility.
2. Onion: Onion is a fertility food recommend for infertile women in Yorubic Medicine. Studies have shown that onion is rich in Allypropyl disulphides (APDS) and dially disulphide oxide (allicin) coupled with flavonoids). APDS reduce glucose levels by competing with insulin for insulin inactivating sites in the liver. Onion affects the hepatic metabolism of glucose and increases the insulin, prevents insulin destruction. This is good for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
3. Nile Rat: (Arvicanthis niloticus, emo): there is an ongoing discovery that grass fed animals can help to boost female infertility. They are great source of fatty acids, low in saturated fat and rich in necessary amino acid for female fertility. Nile rate is absolutely organic and we even call it bush meat. Trust me on this one; it can boost your fertility if you eat it once in a week. You can get it from hunters. In Yorubaland, we call it emo or eku emo. Prepare it with pepper soup ingredients and eat.
4. Multimamate rat (Mastomys natalensis, Eku Eda): This is another bush meat that can boost female fertility according to Yorubic Medicine. It is also rich in fatty acids and amino acids, low in saturated fats. Prepare it in pepper soup form. Hunters are the source of getting this bush meat.
5. Mudfish (Eja obokun): This fish is rich in both omega-3 and omega- 6 fatty acids. Just like catfish, we, practitioners of Yorubic Medicine, often recommend this fish to infertile woman. It does not contain mercury or any heavy metal.
Why are many women infertile today?
The deviation from nature’s foods used by our extremely fertile women of the ancient time and the distraction caused by modern, refined and artificial foods are not without their prices. The price of walking away from our dietary system for some women is infertility. Most fertility problems like PCOS, unexplained infertility, etc can be resolved if this ancient path is taken or returned to.
From my experience, check the eating habits of many infertile women and you will discover women that ‘love’ to go for fast foods, soft drinks, simple carbs, etc and hate to consume nature’s food that can benefit their bodies. Some of them will say they don’t have time for food preparation because of work.
Some of the foods we usually advise women to stop eating during the period of treatment with Yorubic Medicine are soft drinks, refined rice and fast foods. We tell them they can take unrefined rice that has no stones.
Best of success to all TTC women reading this.
Total Cure For Female Infertility at Bioceutic Herbals Enterprise (Home of Fertility Healing and Restoration)
You can get total cure for the following female infertility conditions:
-Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)
-Blocked fallopian tube due to PID/infections
-Absent menstruation(premature menopause or ovarian failure)
-Hormonal imbalances
-Irregular menstruation
-Painful menstruation
-Scanty menstrual flow
-Heavy menstrual flow
-Infections e.g. gonorrhoea, pelvic inflammatory disease, candidiasis, chlamydia, syphilis, etc
-Unexplained infertility
Why you should consult me:
-I make herbal formulations specific to your infertility condition(s)
-More attention is paid to your treatment until you gain your fertility
-Our female fertility medicines have a track record of getting results
-My medicines come in powders, liquids, soap and creams as prepared in the ancient times
-My formulas are ancient formulas with proven record for success in female fertility treatment
-My treatment are cost-effective
-I send medicines to any part of the country or the world
-My female fertility formulas are effective, safe, with no toxic or harmful side effects because they are well researched and they are harvested in pollution-free environment to prevent heavy metals in the formulations.
-No esoterism, fetishness or incantation is involved in the formulations. They are purely scientific
-They are prepared hygienically and in good condition.
For the treatment of any female infertility condition, you can contact me
Phone numbers:
• 08060636985 (MTN)
• 09059265469 (GLO)
• 09091539963 (ETISALAT)
Whatsapp number: 08060636985
Email: morgnhealth2014@gmail.com
Office Address: No 12, Osay, Complex, Opp, MM Ibrolak Filling Station, Agbo-Oba, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Thanks for taking your time to read this article.
1. Where is ur office address in kaduna? When is time, i will ccontact you. I hope the solution is just the way you have explained. No juju or anything native that may bring spiritual problem later in life. Western solutiion to problems is open and plain but the African way is usually secretive with hidden Agenda
Please enter your comment!
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Genevera I. Allen, Ph.D.
Contact Information
Phone - 832-824-8879
Fax - 832-825-1251
Email -
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics (Division of Neurology), Baylor College of Medicine and the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital
Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, Rice University
Dr. Genevera Allen develops mathematical and statistical models for analyzing enormous, complex data sets such as those that are produced by the financial markets or, closer to Dr. Allen’s interests, advanced techniques in neuroimaging, genetics, metabolomics and proteomics. Dr. Allen models the dependence structures in data to better understand their true biological relevance.
For example, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can track changes in metabolism of different brain regions in response to cognitive or behavioral tasks in different experimental conditions, or to compare the brain in healthy and disease states. The images are then analyzed to determine whether apparent differences actually reveal changes attributable to the particular experimental activity or abnormality under consideration, as opposed to extraneous patient movements or physiological processes. This analysis is rendered difficult by the complicated dependence structure of the data. Each entity in the image, the voxel, represents a specific location in the brain, and each voxel is measured every couple of seconds. The voxels thus have both spatial and temporal dependencies. By mathematically modeling the spatio-temporal structure directly, one can better understand the biological regions of interest in the brain.
Dr. Allen's specific goal is to develop and apply mathematical and statistical tools in the areas of convex optimization, multivariate analysis, and machine learning to high-dimensional biological data. These tools allow researchers to better separate the biological truth ("signal") from extraneous information ("noise”). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8706797361373901}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24453', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BUUKDNDJ477FAY6YSQBY62UJRX3ZFU2S', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:cc7a88d2-d49c-4374-90c0-7c173bf3f91d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 9, 54, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.243.132.219', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BBMOEU6PT2PZ426OQYXWYIZ2SIKXEAWZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a1e94f78-3feb-42ba-80ce-d58e26d208c7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://nri.texaschildrens.org/faculty/genevera-i-allen-phd', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:db4a52e5-d8b5-42bd-81f8-b0b3bc258209>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '271', 'url': 'https://nri.texaschildrens.org/faculty/genevera-i-allen-phd', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-93-215-43.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11301785707473755', 'original_id': '7cc52d974b92c0f38565981279faffa607399be4f1df7268a6410dc722021a9a'} |
Chino City Council challenging state on proposed plan to build additional facilities at California Institution for Men
CHINO - City Council members have authorized staff to send a letter to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation detailing their concerns with the state's proposal to build additional inmate housing facilities at the California Institution for Men in Chino.
"The City Council and I just recently learned of the CDCR's intention to build up to three 792-bed Level II Correctional Housing Facilities as well as inmate programming space, and related support buildings at existing prisons within the State; five locations are being considered and CIM is on the list of possibilities," said Mayor Dennis Yates at Tuesday's council meeting
Yates added with two existing overcrowded prisons within Chino, the community is already bearing more than its fair share of the state's prisoners, according to a city news release.
"Adding to the current prison population would have significant social and economic effects on the community as this proposed facility would be located in proximity to current and future residents, as well as Chaffey Community College, and Ayala Park, the City's largest park and sports facility," Yates said in a news release.
The council plans to fight CDCR on the placement of any new facilities on prison property until the overcrowding and on-going deferred maintenance issues are addressed.
CDCR plans to have a meeting on this project at 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. Jan. 30 at City Hall, 13220 Central Ave., Chino. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '5167d5539e5b62b5b9021c23fa56d5b6af921df76ba9ce222e06e0ba453dae95'} |
These newfangled microwave ovens…
Posted on June 20, 2013 by
All Imported-277
Response to These newfangled microwave ovens…
1. Microwaves and tall ships… a tall order. By the way… sadness because your bio says you live in Vancover BC….. and you are not longer there.
2. I use the microwave for cooking potatoes in jackets ..broccoli, microwave same as potato. I reheat dinner sometimes or heat up leftovers, 2 -3 mins for large plate. Heat milk for coffee for 25 secs. As for real food, noap. I don’t think it’s very good at real food.
3. for years I have used my oven mostly for storing pots and cooking a once-a-year turkey. All my cooking is done by stovetop, microwave and toaster/convection oven. Yes, the microwave is good for leftovers but it’s best for vegetables – you don’t lose nutrients like you do cooking in water or steaming.
for instance . . . corn on the cob: keep the husk on, microwave for three minutes for one, five minutes for two. The corn steams inside the husk.
frozen peas: pop in glass container with a couple tablespoons water and cover lightly. Microwave four minutes. They come out tasting like fresh ones.
brownies/lava cake in a cup!
when I have a minute I’ll send some recipes and cooking times.
4. I have a copy of Madame Benoit’s Microwave Cookbook … it is nigh onto thirty-five years old, but the recipes are still superb, as you would expect from Jehane Benoit. I can do damn-near-perfect real hollandaise in five minutes assembly plus thirty seconds cooking time.
5. Sandie and I were down at the tall ships on Thursday … today I went down to Steam On Queen alone, as the intermittent rain would have done her electric wheelchair no damn good at all. Funny thing about the ships, all of the 1812-era ships (replicas) were Yanks. Were there no noteworthy British ships on Lake Ontario, or is it that nobody has repro’d one?
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Then, the Red Scare addressed the crowd and the cameras. “Tonight you see what Red Scare is about. You give me weak opponent and I destroy her. I am greatest boxer there is and tonight you have seen proof. I conquered wrestling world and now I conquer boxing world. Tina Corretti… you were lucky to beat me once but you should stay where you are with wrestling. You are safe there. Lucky for you, I am boxer now. You should not dare to sacrifice your safety with real fighting.” And with that, the Red Scare left the ring, having left a powerful mark on B.A.B.E. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9631458520889282}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '55255', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ICDTULNLHMNPTA5ZTUIEUKL5CC4DRDYQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4ffebf53-f81d-448d-a41d-8bf5d967e50e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 5, 3, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2B7JKECY5RY6MXYYXD3XKUKQQKCO3TQD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:14e05553-416b-4d1b-854e-632e9372a212>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://babe-boxing.com/2017/06/23/b-a-b-e-classics-the-russian-is-coming/40-4/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1e81c892-ccd1-4388-b21f-a47baa344ef7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '104', 'url': 'https://babe-boxing.com/2017/06/23/b-a-b-e-classics-the-russian-is-coming/40-4/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-149-156-229.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026883840560913086', 'original_id': '09e6c4a597d503fbe40548ef9c75963a52d92c1237ab62c7fbe619d3542da175'} |
chapter 3
27 Pages
Aestheticism, Decadence and Neo-Romanticism in Germany
WithRaymond Furness
In March 1889, when he was twenty-one years old, Stefan George arrived in Paris, having left Turin almost at the same time that Nietzsche had left it, clinically insane. In the Hôtel des Américains he made the acquaintance of Mallarmé, ‘le prince des Poètes’, and was invited to his Tuesday afternoon gatherings. After the hopeless provincialism of so much German poetry, George now entered an atmosphere redolent with the names of the great French symbolists and with the presence of Poe, Richard Wagner and Baudelaire, that poet decried by Zola in the Berlin periodical Die Gegenwart as a ‘Räpresentant des diabolischen Romanticismus’. 1 George returned to Germany with a sense of mission: his goal was nothing less than the vivification and purification of German art — and life. As well as the obvious l’art pour l’art elements in George’s work there will also later emerge a vast and imperious vision; conscious of the achievement of French symbolism, he will also owe a debt to his German mentors, particularly Hölderlin and Nietzsche. The cult of the spiritual aristocrat, the visionary remote in azure loneliness has already been referred to, and obviously betrays a Nietzschean presence, but on a profounder level it was Nietzsche’s views on art which were of vital importance for George. For Nietzsche returned again and again to the problem of art, and passionately believed that art is the highest manifestation of life, that the artist transfigures and thereby redeems by his vision (as Baudelaire had claimed: Tu m’as donné ta boue, et j’en ai fait de l’or’ 2 ), and that life has meaning only as an aesthetic phenomenon. ‘Die Kunst und nichts als die Kunst. Wir haben die Kunst, daß wir nicht an der Wahrheit zugrunde gehen’, 3 and again: ‘Die Kunst ist das große Stimulans zum Leben. Wie könnte man sie als zwecklos, als ziellos, als l’art pour l’art verstehen?’ 4 — these two aphorisms illustrate his beliefs concerning art at the end of his mental life. Art as an illusion? As l’art pour l’art? But it is an illusion that keeps man in life, that enhances life, and it therefore is a manifestation of the Will to Power. The supreme artist is he who blesses, praises and affirms, and Nietzsche’s dicta will reverberate as none other throughout the German literary scene of the first half of the twentieth century. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.839718759059906}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '177461', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:47OEL7UM6WWKXDQNBM56CSOMW66GXKSG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:69a18354-43c2-464d-b933-43fe4bbae4df>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 4, 3, 23, 15, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.30.77', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NZIBLAUVDPOCICGU7MVVIT74G2UOP3ZR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c1f9e006-e163-43c4-ba01-35ce92babc84>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003004844/chapters/10.4324/9781003004844-3', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5de92d31-39e5-4035-94f0-6aa659f338fd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '397', 'url': 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003004844/chapters/10.4324/9781003004844-3', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-235.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03864508867263794', 'original_id': '30691bef7d40fe1d7bff62ca060f0969745f3b67a5aeff92da0561ad72daef91'} |
A new Trudeau government watchdog is getting a mandate to review the activities of whistleblowers and survivors of human rights abuses, which critics say further risks their safety rather than providing a forum for remediation. The Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE), which was created to keep an eye on bad behaviour by Canadian companies abroad, is also facing separate accusations that it is merely a rebranding of an earlier failed functionary. The cabinet decision creating the new office did not confer upon it the independence and investigative powers typically held by such bodies. Such powers would allow CORE to compel documents and witnesses and issue forceful recommendations based on what it uncovers.
"What we have right now, is an office that is called an ombudsperson but in substance isn’t any different from what we’ve had before, and isn’t going to provide recourse to people who are impacted," said Emily Dwyer, coordinator at the Canadian Network on Corporate Accountability (CNCA), in a phone interview. The network is a project of the Steelworkers Humanity Fund run out of Ottawa that coordinates between some 30 member civil society groups, including Amnesty International Canada, the Canadian Labour Congress and the Canadian Catholic Organization for Development and Peace, all pushing for the overseas operations watchdog to be given sharper teeth. International Trade Diversification Minister Jim Carr's office disputed the idea that CORE wouldn't have sufficient investigative capabilities, saying the minister is currently seeking "external legal advice" on CORE's powers including those related to compelling witnesses. Canada Inc. accused of behaving badly abroad Canadian companies in the mining and oil and gas industries abroad have been accused of complicity or involvement in a range of human rights abuses and environmental degradations across the world, often in countries without adequate domestic oversight.
For example, Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold miner, has been accused of being complicit in gang rape, house-burnings, shootings and other abuses at the hands of its security personnel or those of the countries in which they operate in ranging from Papua New Guinea to Tanzania to Dominican Republic, and faced a pointed question about it at its annual meeting in Toronto earlier this month. Barrick also spilled cyanide solution into five Argentina rivers in 2014, shortly after firing an engineer who raised serious safety concerns about the mining operation responsible for the contamination. SNC-Lavalin, the Quebec-based construction and engineering company, is accused of paying bribes to win contracts in countries with unsavoury governments, including Libya under long-time former leader Muammar Gaddafi. The Trudeau gov't missed several chances to give a new responsible-enterprise watchdog teeth to investigate reports of Canadian companies acting badly abroad, critics say, with minister @jimcarr_wpg still studying what powers @sheriktm will wield. Toronto-based Pacific Exploration & Production, which went into insolvency protection before becoming Frontera Energy, allegedly violated labour regulations and caused environmental damage at its oil concessions in Colombia. Canada's former Office of the Extractive Sector Corporate Social Responsibility Counsellor, which reached the end of its mandate on May 18, 2018, was widely seen as not fit for purpose, Dwyer said. The Liberal government promised in January 2018 to be a global leader in business and human rights with the creation of the CORE role. On April 8 this year, it named the first person to fill that role, lawyer Sheri Meyerhoffer, who started work on May 1. The minister's press secretary Isabella Brisson said in an emailed statement in response to queries that the order in council creating Meyerhoffer's role allows the watchdog to "review a complaint that is submitted by a Canadian company that believes it is the subject of an unfounded human rights abuse allegation as one aspect of the mandate." She may also review allegations of human rights abuse arising from a Canadian mining, oil and gas or garment company’s operations abroad, Brisson said. "Where criminal activity is discovered, the matter can be referred to the RCMP or other law enforcement," added Brisson. Meyerhoffer will also promote pan-national guidelines for responsible business conduct. But allowing the companies themselves to call on the watchdog to look into alleged frivolous complaints is unnecessary and puts human rights defenders at further risk, while clogging up the system ostensibly designed to protect them, argued Dwyer.
“Around the world and in Canada there are lots of avenues for corporations to have their interests protected,” she said. “The reason you need an ombudsperson office is because people who are harmed by companies around the world have nowhere to go." Meyerhoffer begins work 15 months after role promised Meyerhoffer was a lobbyist for the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers in the 1990s and a consultant for natural gas producer Encana in the 2000s, according to her LinkedIn profile. She also sought to gauge the interest of Cuba's government in developing its oil and gas resources between 2001 and 2003.
More recently, Meyerhoffer co-founded a charity that aims to educate, train, coach and mentor women lawyers in developing countries, and worked as a consultant and contractor to the mediation division of the United Nations in New York City. She supported Nepal’s peace and constitution building processes from 2007 to 2017 as project director for the Canadian Bar Association and head of mission for the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Carr had said it was worth waiting to find a candidate as qualified as Meyerhoffer to fill the role, and that she would work with legal experts "on a very narrow timeframe" of four or five weeks to determine appropriate powers, including whether she could apply sanctions. That was five weeks ago this Monday. Dwyer said the government could have assigned those powers to the watchdog by creating new legislation, or by referring its order in council directly to the Inquiries Act. It was instead referred to the Public Service Employment Act, the same as the previous corporate social responsibility counsellor. "They could receive complaints, review complaints, provide advice to companies," she said. "What makes a real ombudsman, how it adds value, how it fills the gap between mediation-based mechanisms and Canadian courts, is through this independent and public reporting function." The Inquiries Act already lays out the powers and mandate needed for CORE to be an independent office able to investigate allegations with a focus on "furthering our human rights obligations" and which "does not allow the office to be used to put human rights defenders around the world at more risk,” Dwyer said. Carr still seeking advice on Meyerhoffer's powers Meanwhile, while Meyerhoffer has assumed her role, Carr has not settled on what exactly she is allowed to do. The previous international trade minister, François-Philippe Champagne, had said definitively in January 2018 that CORE would be "mandated to investigate allegations of human rights abuses linked to Canadian corporate activity abroad." On April 8, when introducing Meyerhoffer, Carr noted that he was seeking a legal opinion on CORE's investigative powers. He said Meyerhoffer would "have the mandate to jointly and independently review allegations of human rights abuses arising from Canadian company operations abroad in the mining, oil and gas, and garment sectors" and would be "empowered to report independently, to make recommendations, and to monitor their implementation," with the scope of her work expected to expand to other sectors within a year of taking office. "Our government remains committed to ensure the ombudsperson has the legislative and policy tools required to guarantee compliance with information requests, for example, the compelling of witnesses and documents in the very rare circumstances where a company is not fully and appropriately cooperating," added Carr. "Should a company be found not to be acting in good faith, she will have the power to recommend withdrawal of trade advocacy support and future Export Development Canada financial support." Brisson confirmed that the minister was still pursuing the legal opinion. "The minister is seeking external legal advice to ensure the CORE has sufficient tools to engage in credible and effective investigations of alleged human rights abuses," she wrote. "This advice will consider the legislative and policy framework surrounding Canada’s approach to responsible business conduct abroad to provide the CORE with powers to compel witnesses and documents on an ongoing basis." While standing next to Carr in April, Meyerhoffer said she'd want as many tools as possible, but also that some of them should be used sparingly. "I think that these dire situations are fewer than there are situations that require some mediation, negotiation," she said. "In cases where there's more critical, immediate action required, it's important for the office to have the relevant tools." Brisson did not respond to questions about why the minister did not explicitly grant these powers, whether he was concerned companies might use this mechanism to clog up the office's workflow, or a request for a phone interview with the minister, before publication. She also did not respond to questions about why the government did not assign the watchdog powers under the Inquiries Act, or legislate its creation to make it more difficult for future governments to retract. Dwyer said that without independent investigative powers, Meyerhoffer won't be able to make findings about what happened. That means she "can’t make real, concrete recommendations about what should be done differently in the future to prevent this kind of harm and how to effectively remedy what has happened," she said. The United Nations guiding principles that CORE's mandate references define remedy as including “apologies, restitution, rehabilitation, financial or non-financial compensation, and punitive sanctions (whether criminal or administrative, such as fines), as well as the prevention of harm through, for example, injunctions or guarantees of non-repetition.” "For these public reports to be meaningful, independent investigation is the crux," Dwyer said. "It is the thing that enables all of the other functions of the ombudsperson’s office to function." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2a30abbd4d852109f98d421371e24651853420bc29885f5cde4705e9c038cb30'} |
11 Nov 2019
France asked to assist New Caledonia decolonisation
5:47 am on 11 November 2019
The FLNKS flag widely used in New Caledonia
The FLNKS flag widely used in New Caledonia Photo: RNZ Walter Zweifel
A pro-independence party in New Caledonia says France needs to explain how it would accompany the territory should voters opt for independence next year.
Jean-Pierre Djaiwe of the Palika says Paris should clarify how it would assist in a transition period in case of a victory by the pro-independence camp.
Mr Djaiwe said New Caledonia could become an independent country but would be unable to immediately take charge of all functions because it wouldn't have all its institutions, such as public security and justice.
He said France could help.
Last month, the signatories to the Noumea Accord met in Paris and this month France announced that the next independence referendum would be on 6 September next year.
Mr Djaiwe said there wouldn't be another signatories' meeting before the plebiscite and therefore he is seeking bilateral talks with Paris.
In the referendum a year ago, just over 56 percent voted for the status quo, defying polls which predicted a larger majority against independence.
The Noumea Accord provides for a total of three referendums by 2022 to complete the decolonisation process.
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The Returners is a novelization of this game. The underlying story really captured me as a child, but in truth, the writing and dialog were limited by the technology of the period (1994). I always filled in the blanks with my imagination, though, and thought it would make for a wonderful novel… if only somebody would write one.
I started with the first short story, Operation: Tritoch, and then decided to move forward with additional chapters. After a certain point, some readers expressed interest in buying paper copies of the work, so I looked into getting the rights. My queries were met with denial, however, so I decided to wrap up the story at a good stopping point. I’ve not received a cease-and-desist yet, so I’ll keep this page up until that time comes. I hope that you enjoy reading this as much as I enjoy writing it.
DISCLAIMER: This is written for an adult audience, and should be regarded as equivalent to an R-rated movie. This story takes place during a time of war, and as such, contains violent and otherwise unsettling material.
I have made the entire story available as either a PDF or ePub, just click the links.
Prologue
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
Ch 5
Ch 6
Ch 7
Ch 8
Ch 9
Ch 10
Ch 11
Ch 12
Ch 13
Ch 14
Ch 15
Ch 16
Ch 17
Ch 18
Epilogue | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'aae0e8565eba09c8ed2f0d54ae72efb82871f4a88d71c0bf2652f9fc7ff827f0'} |
Westside Baptist Church of York
Welcome to West Side Baptist Church of York
Kermit L. Minnick, Pastor
“Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners.”
Christ Jesus came into the world. That, of course, is the message of Christmas. How we delight in reading Luke’s account of the historical details of the entrance of Jesus into the world through the virgin Mary in Bethlehem! But what was the reason of His coming into the world? What design did He have in leaving the Father, becoming flesh, and dwelling among men? What purpose was to be served in this loving humiliation? The text above answers truly and simply: “to save sinners.” The Lord Jesus took upon Himself a body in birth that He might lay it down in death as a sacrifice for the sins of His people. The birth of Christ was expressly for the death of Christ, which was expressly for the salvation of sinners; sinners like me and like you. But if Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, from what did He come to save them? Friend, the Biblical answer is very plain. Christ Jesus came to save sinners from sin--from its penalty and its power or dominion over them. Christ Jesus came to save sinners from hell, the penalty of their sins. Until we recognize that is what our sins deserve, we will not think rightly of ourselves nor of Jesus. The reality of hell underlies the birth of the Savior in Bethlehem. “You shall call His name Jesus (which means Savior), for He shall save His people from their sins.” “For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.” Christ Jesus is God’s gift to a world of perishing sinners. His righteous life and wrath-appeasing death is the only divinely appointed way of salvation. “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you will be saved.”
Return to Moments with the Bible Index
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Member-spotlight Gokul Tayade & Sachin Sawant
Gokul_Sachin4Behind the Scenes Heroes.
Everyone is familiar with the smiling faces that greet you at the A2MM events and all the participants in the various programs have always enthralled the viewers. But there are many who work relentlessly behind the scenes to ensure that every A2MM event is success.
Gokul Tayade and Sachin Sawant are two such members who, at every program, capture wonderful memories.
You will often see Gokul at the reception area of the A2MM venue, in his quiet way, asking people to pose for photos , ensuring that every member, new or old is noticed.
Sachin Sawant, is always milling around in the audience trying to capture that perfect, candid shot of members. He is always on his toes, ready to photograph anyone who asks him to!
Not surprisingly, these experts behind the camera, are rarely seen in front of it , which is why we have captured them especially for you!
These two, dear friends, are the ones who photograph all events and memories for posterity!
Join us in congratulating them for their wonderful contribution to the team! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9702607989311218}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36088', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JHO62UILFIG2WMBJVZ3ZX7VHOGFHU4CB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5bea83e0-f285-47bf-a73e-c9ddd27a81be>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 21, 13, 50, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.186.252.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:V4YKYOR7RNTXIAIYLMUHN3Y34NTKRPVP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ee42ee8b-7e3b-489e-baec-b45dc8780f5e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://a2mm.org/member-spotlight-gokul-tayade-sachin-sawant/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e785b8b7-a75c-4e0c-9a99-0e81066e3ace>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '185', 'url': 'http://a2mm.org/member-spotlight-gokul-tayade-sachin-sawant/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-19-134.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06829202175140381', 'original_id': '36604435a2160b54db0312d98c46eed64fbc6f24697fd7a4f165c6cacb187a12'} |
[Compulsory psychiatric treatment and the patients' perspective].
Topic of this article is an investigation on the patients' perspective of involuntary treatment in psychiatry. The results of two studies are presented. The first study surveyed 40 patients involuntarily admitted to the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany, according to the commitment law. The interviews were carried out within the first days of admission. The second study carried out a retrospective follow-up of 47 court-committed patients; the mean period between commitment and follow-up was 29 months. The majority of patients evaluated the involuntary treatment as not justified--both in direct context and in a long distance to it. A substantial part of the sample, however, showed insight into illness and treatment at the time of follow-up. Extreme positions were preferred; an ambivalent attitude was rare. It is necessary to pay attention to the events around the involuntary treatment individually and to offer systematic aftercare. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a056e555a024cf23612e52c92c889ddb8ed2471fef543af743359eda9198ab2d'} |
Thursday, October 16, 2008
You have no events scheduled today.
Ain't that the truth my Google Calendar friend. Did you feel that warm front that came through? 'Cause I'm shaking off the frost and coming back from hibernation just a few months early.
That's right, Salty got laid off on Tuesday. ...I know, I can hardly believe it myself. In keeping with my low-profile coverage of anything work-related, I'm not gonna say much beyond the following three lessons learned:
1. It absolutely stinks to have a great opportunity for growth and experience, only to have it cut short before you can fully realize and demonstrate your potential to seriously kick butt.
2. Timing truly can be everything.
And 3. Never underestimate the effects of negativity. Sometimes the shadow of an event or person can linger, and its darkness can do a lot to block out the light you bring.
That being said, I feel very fortunate to have had the time at the BMO that I did. I met some of the most driven, intelligent people I've come across in my professional career. And after spending a lot of time thinking about it, I think the crux of the difference is the concept of "service," and how a real prominent sense of service drives people to perform at a higher standard than others. I'll miss the challenge, the variety, and the people (in no specific order), and I'm truly disappointed.
BUT. But, my friends. ...There's always a but (and this one is big). I've got until Friday. Until Friday at noon, I can cry, rant, sleep for hours in the middle of the day, have angry outbursts, eat too much chocolate, drink too much wine, make small impulse purchases at the checkout of Fred Meyer, and curse at the gods all I want. And then I have to get to move on. Mr.Mr. and I talked a lot about it and while his initial suggestion was end of day, Wednesday... in the end, we decided it was more realistic to aim for Friday. And really, setting Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic/Relevant, and Time-based goals is the best path to success. (That's a little work-based joke for ya.) I get to sulk, mope, and grieve for a specific amount of time, and then he and I will sit on that bulging suitcase, jump up and down on the lid, and I'll latch that baby tight before sending it off into the ether.
There are new, different, and exciting opportunities on the horizon. Keep up, little salties- we're movin' on.
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Pricing
Eyelashes:
WAXING:
Brow shaping $15
Brow maintenance $10
Lip wax $10
Chin wax $10
Full face $40
Underarms $30
Sideburns $10
full arm $40
half arm $25
full leg $50
half leg $35
chest $45
back $45
stomach $25
bikini $45
Micro-Needling:
This treatment targets fine lines, wrinkles, acne scars and hyper-pigmentation. Micro-Needling is also known as Collagen Induction Therapy (CIT) since it effectively stimulates collagen without ablating the top layer of the skin. This procedure is particularly important for skin of color or patients who is not able to tolerate laser treatments. Micro-Needling is performed when a micro-Needling pen passes through the skin making tiny perforations in the top layer of skin. Just like we aerate our lawns, micro-Needling functions to open the top layer of skin enabling the recruitment of fibroblasts and stimulation of collagen production in areas where collagen is scarce like under scars and wrinkles. The controlled injury of the micro-Needling pen induces collagenesis and angiogenesis. Scars, fine lines, wrinkles and other textural issues are minimized and the patient gets a gradual plumping of the skin over treatments. Micro-needling is also useful in the fading of melasma or unwanted pigment for skin of color. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '08a560577dda750574fce29e96dab4e5e3c4f8bcd74ceec3872e54ff517a46da'} |
• Rewind to 1975
The Thrilla in Manila
Ben Blackmore
November 10, 2011
The Thrilla in Manila
On Monday November 7, 2011 the life of a fantastic boxer and hugely respected man came to an end when Joe Frazier lost his battle with cancer. However, his memory will forever be immortalised in the legacy that he left on the sport of boxing, most notably in two fights with the widely acclaimed "Greatest", Muhammad Ali. The "Fight of the Century" in 1971 was arguably Frazier's favourite, due to the fact it went in his favour, but the "Thrilla in Manila" - in the eyes of many - defined his impact on a sport that has never had it so good.
In one corner sat Frazier, almost blind in both eyes, pleading with trainer Eddie Futch not to throw in the towel. In the other was Angelo Dundee, reaching for his own piece of cotton to end Ali's misery in the face of what surely qualified as human torture. Futch was the man to get the referee's attention ahead of Dundee, retiring Frazier just a handful of seconds too early to unwittingly give victory to Ali who, as a wrecked shell of a human being, could barely acknowledge his triumph.
Every part of it sounds like the script from a Rocky movie, but to give credence to the comparison would be to stain the incredible memory of the "Thrilla in Manila".
For 14 brutal but utterly enthralling rounds Ali and Frazier used their bodies as props to entertain a global audience, absorbing such punishment that it left Ali to question why either man kept coming forward. "It takes so much out of you mentally," said the man known as the Louisville Lip. "It changes you. It makes you a little insane. I was thinking, 'What am I doing here with this beast of a man?' I must be crazy."
Perhaps then it was fitting that, given the fact both men were pain-saturated pawns for public titillation, even the decision to end the fight did not belong to them.
The "Thrilla in Manila" acted as the final chapter of a hate-fuelled trilogy. Frazier won the first in 1971, landing one of the all-time great left hooks to break Ali's jaw in a bout dubbed the "Fight of the Century". Ali then gained revenge in a less-enthralling contest in 1974, so this was the decider.
The hatred was grounded in politics and race, but undoubtedly sparked by Ali who "betrayed" a friend in the eyes of Frazier. Ali had seen his heavyweight title and boxing licence stripped after he refused to fight in the Vietnam War in 1967, a decision Frazier publicly supported on several occasions - even petitioning for the return of Ali's licence. However, when Ali was allowed back into the boxing fraternity three years later, he turned on Frazier who was backed by a group of white businessmen. Frazier had betrayed the black community according to Ali, words that acted as an overdose of anger applied to the Frazier veins, and so the trilogy began.
Muhammad Ali spent plenty of time forced against the ropes by the relentless pressure of Joe Frazier in Manila © PA Photos
Ali was confident, but then Ali was always confident. This time, though, he was largely understood to be on dangerous grounds of self-assured arrogance. Ali's theory was that, after his initial loss to Frazier, Smokin' Joe was now on the decline after a bad loss to George Foreman - followed by a subsequent defeat to Ali in their rematch. Training, it was reported, came a distant second to the wining and dining of Ali's female interest, Veronica Porsche, ahead of the showdown in Quazon City, just outside the capital of the Philippines.
Always the charmer, it seemed on this occasion Ali's charisma was being directed in the wrong direction.
The first signs of trouble were witnessed by Ali's physician and cornerman Ferdie Pacheco, who quickly established that Frazier was not the washed-up boxer that Foreman had made him look. Far from being a man looking for a payday, he was turning his punchbag into the raggedy carcass that Ali would later resemble.
Those same punches would later prompt Ali to describe his clash with Frazier as "the closest thing to dying I know of". The irony of those words, given Ali's refusal to enter the war, was lost on very few.
Even the time of the fight, 10.45am to suit international audiences, should have acted as a warning to both men that they were about to take part in a contest that was for everybody's benefit other than their own. The next 42 minutes would change Ali and Frazier as individuals, it would change their relationship, and it would leave a lasting impact on boxing - setting a standard to which the sport still strives to reach to this very day.
Ali's swagger from the opening bell was mesmeric, snapping back the head of his foe with left-right combinations before rocking him against the ropes. It seemed Ali knew better than Pacheco; Frazier appeared a yard off the pace and there for the taking.
However, if one round encapsulated the entire spirit of the fight and acted as the synopsis for its 13 counterparts, it was the third. That was the round Ali knew he was in a fight. Having pressured the champion in the second, Frazier pounded away at Ali's body in the third, eating a series of combinations for his troubles before - in a rare show of abandon from two such elite fighters - the pair swung for the rafters for a 20-second period that almost brought the Coliseum to its foundations.
Had the momentum swung Frazier's way? Rounds four, five and six all saw Ali backed into the ropes - the single place he could not afford to be as Frazier attacked the ribs like a meat grinder. Even the mouthpiece of Ali could not contain itself as it flew from his mouth. "I hit him with punches that would have knocked a building down," recalled Frazier. "He took them and came back."
Frazier took some brutal punishment from the champion © PA Photos
Ali needed to react, and his answer was to slow the pace of the fight, picking his foe off as Frazier came forward. Now it was Frazier covering up for the first time since the first round, and by the 10th it was becoming a real clash of styles. Ali danced, pounced and toyed with angles, while Frazier acted as the human version of sinking sand, continuously attempting to drag his opponent into trench warfare.
With Frazier unable to see out of one eye due to heavy swelling and rapidly losing vision out of the other, even the neutral - for all the drama - began to wonder if the fight should be stopped. One can only imagine how the respective corners tortured themselves with the idea of protecting their gladiators, at the risk of lifelong disdain from fighter and public alike.
Ali began to pour it on, finding a home for the right hand - aided by the fact Frazier could barely see it coming. The battle-weary duo returned to their stools one final time, anticipating the 15th and final round, but Futch and Dundee had seen enough. Futch was quicker to the draw, but in this shootout that meant defeat.
Fortunately for Futch, he was far more auspicious with his sense of occasion than with his timing. Consoling a devastated Frazier, the trainer uttered the legendary words: "Sit down son, it's all over but no one will ever forget what you did here today."
Having hammered his rival with 440 punches, Frazier had gained the respect of Ali, who recognised that he could not possibly have gone on to be considered the greatest of all time without an accomplice. "I couldn't have done what I did without him and what he did without me," acknowledged Ali, who also took time out to put an arm around Frazier's 14-year-old son, Marvis, saying: "Stop crying - your father is a great man.
"Joe Frazier is the greatest fighter of all time next to me. That's one hell of a man."
One hell of a man indeed.
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.986713171005249}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '99763', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4I2KEX3MQZ4GHTYHFUJHUWTDQ7ZQYVBW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:063d0cfc-a3e3-457c-9199-4f0fdef2512c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 9, 28, 14, 44, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.219.88.209', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SKG4SY2QESYCUY6OMDRJ5TBPV5MG44SC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2588c954-06d2-4e8d-b847-5e706b237796>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://en.espn.co.uk/boxing/sport/story/120516.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b3963ad4-4adb-44e6-a174-0dc623c8f186>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1355', 'url': 'http://en.espn.co.uk/boxing/sport/story/120516.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-40\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.044850051403045654', 'original_id': '1f479aa554112ac6a490054a2d4a941811bff521e535caff0d0902751f0ccd2a'} |
Q:
Does Jupiter really improve battery power?
I installed Jupiter on Ubuntu 11.10 and set the preference mode to "Power Saver" but haven't seen any noticeable difference. Does it really do what it claims?
A:
In OMGUbuntu, WebUpd8 and I think Phoronix they have an article about how it helps with the power management. Also several users have actually reported saving battery time. This of course changes depending on the hardware and the usage. For example, setting the mode to Power Saver while playing an intensive game or doing something process/power hungry will eventually eat the battery.
Some links about this are:
http://www.webupd8.org/2010/07/jupiter-ubuntu-ppa-hardware-and-power.html
http://www.webupd8.org/2010/06/jupiter-take-advantage-of-asus-super.html
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/02/jupiter-awesome-netbook-powerconfig-applet/
http://eeepc.net/jupiter-adds-power-management-to-linux-netbooks/
But some suggestion would be to read the comments in each of this links, check the Jupiter site here: http://www.jupiterapplet.org/ for updates and support. Jupiter might help many laptops, netbooks and small eee but might not do much to others depending on the way they handle the power management. Most users actually have good reviews.
Lastly there are some improvements in the last days in the source: http://sourceforge.net/projects/jupiter/
which at least suggests it is still active and work is getting to it.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ac1f561cf10decf2c7c0c307edd44e393dc39842eed7284ade84a9d6b37b327f'} |
Equipment CoS Breathe Easy After GST Cut
Reduction in the GST on mining and construction equipment to 18% from 28% will help support infra development across segments. It is a big relief for most of the industry. But for 15%of the products, the rate continues to be 28%. Pre-GST duty was under 20%. Sales declined 35% in Jul’17 due to GST implementation. However, things returned to normal and the overall growth was not affected as the industry grew 19%in Q1 and 22% in Q2. And the industry will sustain this in the current fiscal. So far, only road construction has driven growth, but the Railways has also started to offer some opportunities. Leasing will become cheaper post-GST. Earlier, they had excise duty and sales tax, and on top of that service tax. The total rate worked out to 30-32%. Now, leasing CoS will charge only 18% GST. So, it will benefit them a lot. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '47', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9691924452781676}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39072', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W2FDTMTPSAOCTCA6TCSRSXZJC6CWJCLB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:73be5411-6ae0-4ec1-b9ee-488bf17fcd73>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 19, 11, 45, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '202.66.173.181', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WRIUOI54TRG2GFSJHMC6N2KZFWDPXQGA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f4da72db-938f-418f-9c35-60fd51c69d75>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.constructionmirror.com/news-details.php?id=97', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0aecf39e-c6e8-45df-af00-f823cac605d3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '156', 'url': 'http://www.constructionmirror.com/news-details.php?id=97', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-228-193-233.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-17\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03186672925949097', 'original_id': 'dd964225f24a1e6ef534e1586abf25cf0f865c4b69f1b9fe997b8c9780f26f89'} |
US inflation concerns drive volatility
Recent positive data on US jobs and wages has shifted investors’ thinking around inflation and the potential for a faster increase in the US Federal Reserve interest rate than previously expected.
The job market in the US continues to improve with the unemployment rate at 4.1% - the lowest level since 2001. US Average hourly earnings grew 2.9% in the year to January, which was surprisingly strong and the highest level of growth since 2009. This level of wage growth combined with a tightening labour market is affecting investor’s inflation expectations. This has led some commentators and market participants to start thinking that the US Fed may have to raise rates four times in 2018 instead of three times, which was previously the consensus expectation.
Higher interest rates expectations resulted in markets being sold down
Expectations of higher interest rates than previously anticipated from a share market perspective has the effect of decreasing investors’ valuations on stocks. This has given rise to a sharp fall in US stock prices, with the S&P 500 index down over 10% from its high on 26 January.
Interestingly, bond markets have also experienced losses with the market adjusting yields right along the curve as bond investors also anticipate higher interest rates in the future. This movement has resulted in significantly higher daily swings than has been seen for some time. The increase in volatility is, at this point, a reflection of an adjustment in the markets. How long it could persist is difficult to determine. However, the economic fundamentals remain sound but valuations remain somewhat stretched. So, in light of the adjustment to US interest rate expectations, depending on what investors focus on, determines the extent to which the share markets will continue to be volatile.
What about fixed interest markets?
With higher interest rates expected it makes sense that bond markets have seen yields rise across the curve. However, unless expectations continue to change significantly, the volatility in the fixed interest markets could be expected to settle down relatively quickly. Consensus among fixed interest managers is that it will be difficult for US 10-year yields to hold above 3.0% in the longer term. The level of indebtedness makes higher rates a problem for the US government with its expanding deficit. While the economy is improving, significant interest rate tightening could be damaging to the economy. In Europe, higher rates can be expected but there has not been any significant changes in relation to the drivers of this so it’s unlikely the current volatility in markets will be significantly affected by Europe or any other markets.
Stick to the plan
An investment portfolio that is well diversified and built with long-term objectives in mind means that while these times are worrying for investors they are not something we should react to. With the strong returns experienced recently, a little weakness in markets is not unhealthy and quite possibly a little overdue.
Speak to your financial adviser to find out more about your investment options.
Source: IOOF
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America's Descent Into Darkness
Slouching Towards Nuremberg?
In terms of the historical record for Germany, legal discrimination against Jews certainly existed before the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, and grew steadily over time. There was always a feeling in the Jewish community—most of whom regarded themselves as Germans, after all—that “OK, that’s the worst of it.” Hence, the decision to stay. Then came the next set of restrictions, and again the response: “This is as far as it will go.” It was like the classic experiment of turning up the heat on frogs placed in warm water. Gradually, they get boiled to death, because the increase of heat is incremental. It was only toward the end of the thirties that the choice began to look like: jump or die. Finally, it became simply, die.
In 1933, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service banned “non-Aryans” from the civil service.
In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews of German citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and “Aryans.” They also prohibited sexual intercourse between Jews and “Aryans,” and the employment of “Aryan” females under forty-five years of age as domestic workers in Jewish households. In addition, Jews could not work as lawyers, doctors, or journalists; could not use state hospitals; and could not be educated by the state past the age of fourteen. They could not enter public parks, libraries, or beaches, and could not receive winnings from the national lottery.
In 1938, Jews with first names that were not characteristically Jewish had to adopt the middle name Sara (if female) or David (if male). Passports of German Jews were stamped with a “J”.
In 1939, Jews living in German-occupied Poland had to wear the yellow star. This was extended to all Jews living within Nazi-controlled areas in 1941.
By way of comparison, one thing that makes me particularly nervous is what has been called the “conspiracy of silence.” Almost nobody spoke up in Germany as this process was unfolding, and the American public has been similarly silent about the events documented below. Indeed, I would venture to say that 98% of the American public (maybe more) is unaware of events such as these, or of the passage of repressive legislation, and that they wouldn’t care even if they did know about it. (“Hey, I ain’t no Ay-rab!”) The classic quote that has come down to us is from Martin Niemoeller, a German pastor and theologian who wound up in the Sachsenhausen and Dachau concentration camps (he was liberated by the Allies in 1945). It goes something like this:
“First they came for the communists, but I didn’t speak out because I wasn’t a communist. Then they came for the trade unionists, but I didn’t speak out because I wasn’t a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, but I didn’t speak out because I wasn’t a Jew. Then they came for me, but by that time there was no one left to speak out.”
It is no accident that Chris Hedges entitled a recent article “First They Come for the Muslims” (see below, Item IV). God forbid something like that might happen in the U.S., but the signs of a gradual slide towards Nuremberg, and concomitant citizen apathy, are very much present in the current political milieu. Let’s have a look at what has been going on in the decade since 9/11. I’m going to discuss the following topics:
I. The creation of a political climate in which the police are out of control, arbitrarily free to intimidate anyone for virtually anything
II. The persecution of whistleblowers, protesters, and dissenters
III. The dramatic expansion of the surveillance of American citizens on the part of the National Security Agency (NSA)
IV. The corruption of the judicial system by means of show trials of Muslim activists
V. The construction of political detention centers, also known as Communication Management Units (CMU’s)
VI. The shredding of the Bill of Rights by means of the National Defense Authorization Act
VII. Future scenarios: The “disappearing” of intellectual critics of the U.S. government?
The evidence for this is perforce anecdotal, but events such as the ones discussed below are getting to be so common that we have to keep in mind that when you have accumulated enough anecdotes, the result is called “data.”
-In June 2011 the sheriff of Nelson County, North Dakota, called in a Predator B drone from the local Air Force base to capture three men who had stolen some cows. Once the unmanned aircraft located the suspects, police rushed in to make the first known arrests of U.S. citizens with the help of a Predator spy drone. It turns out that predator drones are frequently used for domestic investigations all over the U.S.—by the FBI, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and by state and local law enforcement officials.
-In July 2011 police in a small town in Georgia shut down a lemonade stand being run by three girls, ages 10-14, who were trying to save up for a trip to a local water park. The police said that they didn’t know what was in the lemonade; and in addition, that the girls needed a business license, a peddler’s permit, and a food permit in order to run the stand. The permits, by the way, cost $50 a day.
-In January 2012 the library system of Charlton, Massachusetts, called the police to collect some overdue books charged to Hailey Benoit—a five-year-old girl.
-Also in January 2012, a young couple was arrested in Baltimore for asking a police woman directions to highway I-95. They spent the night in jail.
-In April 2012 the Supreme Court ruled that jail authorities may strip search people arrested for minor offenses before they are jailed while awaiting a hearing. Individuals have been strip searched for offenses such as biking with an inaudible bell, walking a dog without a leash, and driving with a noisy muffler. The sexual humiliation involved in these searches, writes Naomi Wolf, is clearly a way of keeping the masses in line, politically docile. How long, she asks, before saying anything controversial online or on the phone (see Item III, below) will result in the “guilty” party facing arrest and sexual humiliation? I think we need to pause a moment before we summarily dismiss this as paranoia.
II. The persecution of whistleblowers, protesters, and dissenters
This has been going on throughout the past decade, first under President Bush, and then more aggressively under President Obama. According to the New Yorker, “the Obama Administration has pursued leak prosecutions with a surprising relentlessness.” To which the New York Times added: “In 17 months in office, President Obama has already outdone every previous president in pursuing leak prosecutions.” In the famous case of Bradley Manning, who revealed government documents to Wikileaks, Mr. Obama publicly declared him guilty before he went to trial or was convicted of a crime. The overall result is that the government has basically criminalized public servants who speak out to expose waste or corruption or unethical behavior. Whistleblowing and dissent have, in themselves, become criminal activities.
-Since 2006 the filmmaker Laura Poitras, who made a documentary about the U.S. occupation of Iraq, has been detained and questioned at airports more than forty times. Government agents confiscate her computer and notebooks without a warrant. She is hardly an isolated case. With no oversight or legal framework for its activities, the Department of Homeland Security routinely singles out individuals who are suspected of no crimes, detains them at the airport when they return to the U.S. from an international trip, and then seizes their laptops, cameras, cellphones, notebooks, and credit card receipts.
-William Binney, an intelligence official who worked for the NSA for nearly forty years, resigned in October 2001 when massive domestic spying became the norm. Binney and several other NSA officials reported their concerns about this to Congress and the Department of Defense. In 2006, he exposed the NSA practice of installing secret monitoring rooms in major U.S. telecommunications facilities. Finally, in 2007, a dozen FBI agents charged into his house with guns drawn, pointed their weapons at his head, and interrogated him at length. Three other ex-NSA employees were raided the same day.
- You can now go to jail in the United States simply for speaking. In July 2011, environmental activist Tim DeChristopher was sentenced to two years in prison for his repeated declaration that environmental protection required civil—i.e., nonviolent—disobedience. One wonders if the same judge, Dee Benson, would have also put Rosa Parks and Mahatma Gandhi in jail, had he been around during their lifetimes.
-In March 2012 the president signed H.R. 347, the so-called trespass bill, into law, which allows the government to jail anyone protesting near someone with Secret Service protection for up to ten years. This makes it quite easy for the government to criminalize protest per se, because the exclusion zones defined by the law have no clear boundaries. In fact, they can be as large as the law wants them to be; which means that the free speech zone is a moving target.
-On 19 July 2010 the Washington Post reported that 854,000 people work for the National Security Agency in thirty-three building complexes amounting to 17 million square feet of space, in the DC Metro and suburban area. Every day, collection systems at the NSA intercept and store 1.7 billion emails and phone calls of American citizens, in what amounts to a vast domestic spy system. Writing in the New Yorker on 23 May 2011, Jane Mayer reported that the NSA has three times the budget of the CIA, and has the capacity to download, every six hours, electronic communications equivalent to the entire contents of the Library of Congress. They also developed a program called Thin Thread that enables computers to scan the material for key words, and they collect the billing records and the dialed phone numbers of everyone in the country. In violation of communications laws, ATT, Verizon, and BellSouth have opened their electronic records to the government. At the height of its insanity, the Stasi in East Germany was spying on 1 out of 7 citizens. The U.S. is now spying on 7 out of 7.
-To make the surveillance of American citizens even more comprehensive (assuming that is even possible), the NSA is currently building the biggest-ever data complex in Bluffdale, Utah, as part of a secret surveillance program code-named “Stellar Wind.” The center, scheduled for completion in 2013, will be twice as large as the U.S. Capitol, and contain 100,000 square feet of computer space, at a cost of $2 billion. In addition, the NSA has established listening posts throughout the country as part of this operation. All in all, there are now 1,271 government agencies and 1,931 private companies that work on programs related to counterterrorism and homeland security in about 10,000 locations across the U.S. The goal is to store and review the e-mails, phone calls, online shopping lists, and virtually every bit of information about every single American. Everything you do, from traveling to buying groceries, will be displayed on a graph. William Binney (see above, Item II) has stated that we are about two millimeters away “from a turnkey totalitarian state.”
This was discussed at length by Chris Hedges on truthdig, 16 April 2012. That very week, Tarek Mehanna, a U.S. citizen, was sentenced to 17½ years in prison. He was convicted of conspiring to kill American soldiers in Iraq and giving material support to al-Qaeda. No proof of these charges was provided. What seems to have been the more relevant issue is that Mehanna had spoken out against U.S. foreign policy, and had refused to become a government informant.
These types of trials have been going on since 9/11. In them, federal lawyers are allowed to prosecute people on “evidence” that the defendants are not allowed to see. Stephen Downs, a lawyer who has defended Muslim activists since 2006, has documented the phony charges used to label these people as terrorists and then put them behind bars, typically for long stretches of time. He told Hedges: “People who have committed no crime are taken into custody, isolated without adequate recourse to legal advice, railroaded with fake or contrived charges, and ‘disappeared’ into prisons designed to isolate them.” Basically, they are condemned before they have committed a crime, in a process that Downs calls “pre-emptive prosecution.”
Downs discovered all this in 2006, when Yassin Aref, the imam of a mosque in Albany, New York, was entrapped in a government sting operation. What then happened, he told Hedges, was that the government “put together a case that was just one lie piled on top of another lie, and when you pointed it out to them they didn’t care. They didn’t refute it. They knew it was a lie….But the facts are irrelevant. The government has decided to target these people.” Essentially, he went on, the government lawyers “must know they’re prosecuting people before a crime has been committed based on what they think the defendant might do in the future.” These are, in other words, kangaroo courts.
The bottom line, of course, is that if you destroy the judicial system, then finally nobody is safe. The government could wind up railroading anyone they don’t like, and I very much doubt that this possibility is far-fetched. First they came for the Muslims…
Where do the suspected Muslim terrorists go? It turns out that the government is using secret prison facilities to house inmates accused of non-violent activities, i.e. of allegedly being tied to terrorist groups. As it turns out, these are not just Muslim groups; the CMU’s are also being used to house environmental activists. The first CMU was built in 2006 in Terre Haute, Indiana; in 2008 a second facility was constructed in Marion, Illinois. Restrictions on contact with the outside world are quite severe—for example, having all phone calls monitored and limited to fifteen minutes per week. Among the so-called terrorists housed in these units are the following:
-Rafil Dhafir, an Iraqi-born oncologist from Syracuse, New York, who created a charity called Help the Needy to provide food and medicine to the people of Iraq who had been suffering from U.S. economic sanctions. He was sentenced to twenty-two years in prison for violating those sanctions. (I cite some of these in Dark Ages America; they include a ban on the importation of medicine and toilet paper.)
-Daniel McGowan, an environmental activist who committed two acts of arson to protest logging in the Pacific Northwest, was sentenced to seven years. He was not convicted of any terrorist crime or being affiliated with any terrorist group, although the government claimed that he was a member of the Earth Liberation Front, which they regard as a domestic terrorist organization. One thing that did not help was his public visibility, both through media appearances and his website.
-Andrew Stepanian, recently released—the first prisoner ever to be released from a CMU. He spent three years in jail, which included six and a half months at the Marion facility, for trying to shut down an animal testing laboratory. He was then put under house arrest in New York. In fact, he was not accused of any violent crime or property destruction.
What distinguishes the CMU’s from other jails is that they are political prisons. All of the defendants are incarcerated there for what appear to be ideological reasons. Meanwhile, the definition of “terrorist” continues to grow (see below, Item VI); it won’t necessarily stop with Muslims or environmental rights activists. Significantly, the word “ecoterrorism” was coined by corporations in the early 1980s. The CMU’s even contain antiwar tax protesters. In general, the legal wall separating “terrorist” from “dissident” is starting to break down, if, indeed, it hasn’t already.
The NDAA, also known as the “indefinite detention bill,” was signed into law by President Obama on 31 December 2011. It has no temporal or geographic limitations, and can be used by Mr. Obama or any future president to military detain U.S. citizens. As in pre-Magna Carta days, you can simply be swept up and put away forever—disappeared—with no explanation of why, no right to call a lawyer or anybody else, and no right to a trial. You can actually be tortured to death, if the government decides it is in the national interest. The NDAA is probably the greatest rollback of civil liberties in the history of the United States. Under the Act, literally anyone can be described as a “belligerent,” or as they are now called, “covered person.” The president claimed that he signed the bill only to provide funding for American troops, and that he had been reluctant to sign it because it included American citizens. This b.s. was subsequently exposed by one of the bill’s sponsors, Senator Carl Levin, who revealed that it was Mr. Obama himself who insisted that the indefinite detention clause include U.S. citizens. Meanwhile, the White House had been conducting a misinformation campaign to secure this incredible dictatorial power while portraying the president as some type of reluctant absolute ruler. It is also important to note that there was virtually no coverage of this issue on the part of the mainstream media. In effect, as Naomi Wolf has written, the U.S. “is sleepwalking into become a police state.” The New American website posted the following comment on the new law:
“The universe of potential ‘covered persons’ includes every citizen of the United States of America. Any American could one day find himself or herself branded a ‘belligerent’ and thus subject to the complete confiscation of his or her constitutional civil liberties and nearly never-ending incarceration in a military prison.”
You don’t have to be convicted of terrorism to be rounded up, under this new law; you only have to be suspected of terrorist activity. And as Senator Rand Paul pointed out prior to the passage of the bill, the Department of Justice now has a list of “identifying characteristics” of terrorists that includes having one or more fingers missing from your hands; having more than seven days’ worth of food in your house; and having a loaded weapon on your property—which describes half the households in the United States. In effect, with the NDAA, if the government, for any reason, doesn’t like you—for example, if you are simply a critic of the U.S., nothing more—they can brand you a terrorist and put you away forever, with literally no one knowing what happened to you.
Note also that even before the passage of this law, the president had the legal right, even though it violates the Geneva accords, to designate anyone on the planet an enemy, and have him or her assassinated. Thus on 30 September 2011, Mr. Obama had two American citizens, Anwar al-Awlaki and Samir Khan, assassinated because of suspected—i.e. not proven—al-Qaeda membership and terrorist activity. Two weeks later, the CIA killed al-Awlaki’s sixteen-year-old son. The real problem in these cases is not whether these people were actually guilty of terrorism; it’s that the Constitution says that no matter how heinous the crime, every American citizen has a right to his or her day in court. If I remember correctly, it does not say that the president has the right to rub them out without a trial.
(Just as an aside, there are, in general, more people under “correctional supervision” in America than there were in the Russian gulag under Stalin, at its height. Writing in the New Yorker on 30 January 2012, Adam Gopnik declared: “Mass incarceration on a scale almost unexampled in human history is a fundamental fact of our country today.”)
This leads me to my final point. The distinctive characteristic of American democracy, from 1776, was the protection of the individual and the preservation of individual rights. That no longer exists. Anyone is a potential terrorist now; anyone can be persecuted, prosecuted, and in effect, destroyed. Democracy is only possible if dissent is not only permitted, but also respected. This too is finished. What does this mean for someone such as myself?, is something I lay awake nights thinking about. I have published three books, and half a collection of essays, showing where we have gone wrong, predicting our eventual collapse—indeed, this repression is part of that collapse—and arguing that the U.S. no longer has a moral compass; that it is spiritually bankrupt. I run a blog that is anything but polite: it says the U.S. is finished; that it is essentially a corporate plutocracy, run by a gangster elite; that the American people are basically morons, with little more than fried rice in their heads; and that anyone with half a brain and the means to do so should emigrate before it’s too late. I’m not really a threat to the U.S. government, largely because I am not a political activist and because it’s not likely that more than 74 people out of 311 million regularly read my blog (it’s probably more like 24, in fact). But as the definition of terrorism widens in this country, what is to prevent the creation of a category known as “intellectual terrorism” from arising, and putting folks like myself in that category? What is to prevent the government from calling such activity a clear and present danger to national security? As must be obvious by now, the government can do anything it wants to; as in Nazi Germany, we now have a government of men, not of laws. Indeed, the “laws” are little more than a pretext for whatever the government wishes to do.
Is the following scenario completely paranoid? Five or ten years down the line, as I fly into the DFW Airport en route to giving a lecture somewhere, or simply visiting friends, I am suddenly surrounded by government agents, whisked off to a holding cell, and eventually sent to Guantanamo. Nobody knows what happened to me, and I’m not allowed to phone anyone—not my lawyer, not a friend, and certainly not Chris Hedges, who is probably being tortured in the adjoining cell. Two points to remember here, historically speaking:
-When a country puts laws such as torture or indefinite detention or arbitrary assassination on the books, sooner or later it will use these legal instruments. They won’t just lie dormant, in other words. As in the case of technology, once the mechanisms are there, the temptation to employ them simply becomes too great to resist. That is what is happening today.
-In a world that is politically construed along Manichaean lines—which, as I have argued elsewhere, America has been doing since Day 1—the first line of attack is against the enemy outside. It doesn’t matter if we are talking about Protestants or Catholics or al-Qaeda operatives or infidels of any kind, the first order of business is to go to war with them. But as the British anthropologist Mary Douglas shows in her book Purity and Danger, or Norman Cohn demonstrates in The Pursuit of the Millennium, if the war goes on long enough, inevitably the enemy is also seen to be a fifth column, i.e. within the walls of the body politic itself. They become Huguenots or Marrano Jews or heretics of whatever stripe, and as in the case of Goya’s famous painting, Saturn Devouring His Son, the country begins to eat itself alive. Everybody becomes an enemy; no one is safe any longer. And so I believe that I, and you, really do have reason to worry.
Somewhere along the line, God stopped blessing America. We are not marching to Pretoria; rather, we are slouching towards Nuremberg. To quote Edward R. Murrow, Good Night, and Good Luck.
Morris Berman’s latest book is Why America Failed.
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UK finally legalises CD and DVD ripping
The UK Government has revised copyright law which will legalize CD and DVD copying for personal use. The changes go into effect in June, and will also broaden other forms of fair use, including parody and quotation rights. Although most people have been doing it for decades the UK bowed to pressure from the content industry to keep the practice illegal.
After a public consultation, and realising that being one of the few countries in Europe where it was illegal the UK Government decided to side with consumers for once. Starting in July people are free to make copies of DVDs, CDs and other types of media, as long as it’s for personal use. The UK’s Intellectual Property Office said that the changes will mean that you will be able to copy a book or film you have purchased for one device onto another without infringing copyright.
More controversial are the changes that will mean that people can legally store copies of their music and movies in the cloud. If you give, others access to your files you can expect to be sued by big content. Also controversial is a change which will allow people are free to sell any media they purchase, but all backup copies will have to be destroyed.
A Government-commissioned survey, which found that 85 per cent of consumers already thought that DVD and CD ripping, was legal. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c69e1a802a58a044e8fc71d8f2d69a6be4502cbc857b87834d11de5069e3185b'} |
After overseeing the development our new video series, Zenzic’s Tristan Bacon reflects on connectivity in a broad sense and on what it will bring to the connected and self-driving future.
In these challenging times of a global pandemic, with much separation and restriction, the role technology has played in allowing us to stay connected is evident.
High network speeds, low-latency connections and device accessibility we have today would have been technological fantasies to generations past. The idea of jumping from video call to video call with family, friends and colleagues, whilst streaming endless videos, music and podcasts with hundreds of others in the same neighbourhood simultaneously would’ve been a complete anathema rewinding merely 15 years.
Staying connected
Even in this time of isolation and solitude, we’re still connected, very connected, and in many senses that’s a great thing. Many organisations can continue to operate in some capacity or another, while family, friends and communities are able to stay in touch and huge swathes of commerce continues online, allowing people to receive deliveries and continue with their lives in many respects. In addition, as technology has become more affordable, intuitive and easy to set up, those who previously weren’t connected, perhaps on lower incomes, older or with accessibility requirements, can now benefit.
All these examples bring into focus how the effective operation of any organisation, group or system, relies heavily on the connectivity and communication that underlies it.
It’s no different with the future of connected and automated mobility (CAM).
Delivering on safety, inclusivity and efficiency
Connectivity is a foundational element for the realisation of CAM benefits such as increased safety, inclusivity and efficiency for our transport networks. Already today we have a vast array of connectivity applications and systems for vehicles that are transforming the way we travel. It’s only set to mature and grow.
However, continuing to realise such benefits is not inevitable and this is where diverse and thorough testing comes in.
Connectivity will benefit us in a variety of different ways, which means the testing approaches need to be similarly broad. Comprising a comprehensive and integrated set of testing facilities, CAM Testbed UK is equipped to explore and implement these approaches safely and robustly. With extensive variation in road environments and world-leading connectivity and communications technologies, the sites are collectively, perfectly poised to develop and test the countless connectivity applications that will transform the future of mobility.
The UK’s diverse connectivity testing capabilities
Over the last few months, I have had the privilege of coordinating a video project, CAM Testbed UK: Connected, that showcases these facilities. We’ve taken a regular electric van around the sites, performing a variety of tests to demonstrate the individual and collective connectivity capabilities of CAM Testbed UK.
For me, the distinctive feature of the series is the diversity of capabilities the UK has to offer. The tests provide a variety of insights across a spectrum of road environments from controlled through to the real roads, as well as those related to data exchange, analysis and simulation. This variety is important as it indicates the effectiveness of CAM Testbed UK to tackle a multitude of different connectivity questions and challenges:
• How can data be exchanged and analysed to provide insight for our future transport systems?
• How can interaction between physical and simulated environments improve CAM operation?
• How can real-time rapid data transfer and reporting optimise CAM performance?
• How can we share road context information direct to vehicles safely and robustly?
• How does connectivity support trials and benefit safety case development for future CAM?
Realising substantial deployment of CAM on our roads will depend on our ability to tackle these questions, as well as many others. Comprehensive and integrated testing facilities, such as those in CAM Testbed UK, are fundamental to this.
What have I learnt from making CAM Testbed UK: Connected?
The UK can be confident in realising widespread connectivity benefits for our transport networks because our test facilities are truly comprehensive and integrated. We are in a strong position to lead the way internationally and set the standard for excellence in developing and deploying CAM at scale. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9466747641563416}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '180164', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CTONCYVRKZJ45RI3JYTGS4SHBU63ARAX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d648aaf3-ea7a-4d71-bb02-11f9f3367859>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 4, 18, 59, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '3.9.85.91', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IIKV4CFCMHWDJWEL5JDHTM3DG56VVGXW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:348b2685-9113-4b51-9489-ef201bf6f36c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://zenzic.io/insights/what-i-learnt-from-making-our-new-connectivity-testing-video/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a55fe845-0d4b-49cd-bdea-c51a49bdb280>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '684', 'url': 'https://zenzic.io/insights/what-i-learnt-from-making-our-new-connectivity-testing-video/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-240.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030403554439544678', 'original_id': 'f58e50167dbb0d6ae564949199734631dd746c8af8df4877a50cceb60039028e'} |
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<article class="phpdocumentor-element -class">
<h2 class="phpdocumentor-content__title">
EGruppo
</h2>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">6</span>
</aside>
<h3 id="toc">
Table of Contents
<a href="#toc" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h3>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_admin">$admin</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_campo">$campo</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_dataEOra">$dataEOra</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_descrizione">$descrizione</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_etaMassima">$etaMassima</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_etaMinima">$etaMinima</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_id">$id</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_nome">$nome</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_partecipanti">$partecipanti</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -property -private">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_votoMinimo">$votoMinimo</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method___construct">__construct()</a>
<span>
: mixed </span>
</dt>
<dd>EGruppo constructor.</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getAdmin">getAdmin()</a>
<span>
: <a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a> </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getCampo">getCampo()</a>
<span>
: <a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a> </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getDataEOra">getDataEOra()</a>
<span>
: <abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr> </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getDescrizione">getDescrizione()</a>
<span>
: string </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getEtaMassima">getEtaMassima()</a>
<span>
: int </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getEtaMinima">getEtaMinima()</a>
<span>
: int </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getId">getId()</a>
<span>
: int </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getNome">getNome()</a>
<span>
: string </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getPartecipanti">getPartecipanti()</a>
<span>
: array<string|int, mixed> </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getPostiDisponibili">getPostiDisponibili()</a>
<span>
: int </span>
</dt>
<dd>Restituisce i posti disponibili per il gruppo</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getVotoMinimo">getVotoMinimo()</a>
<span>
: float </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_hasPartecipante">hasPartecipante()</a>
<span>
: bool </span>
</dt>
<dd>Controlla se il gruppo ha come partecipante l'utente specificato</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_isPieno">isPieno()</a>
<span>
: bool </span>
</dt>
<dd>Restituisce true se il gruppo è al completo, false altrimenti</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_rimuoviPartecipante">rimuoviPartecipante()</a>
<span>
: bool </span>
</dt>
<dd>Rimuove un partecipante dal gruppo</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setAdmin">setAdmin()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setCampo">setCampo()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setDataEOra">setDataEOra()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setDescrizione">setDescrizione()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setEtaMassima">setEtaMassima()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setEtaMinima">setEtaMinima()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setId">setId()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setNome">setNome()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setPartecipanti">setPartecipanti()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setVotoMinimo">setVotoMinimo()</a>
<span>
: void </span>
</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_toArray">toArray()</a>
<span>
: array<string|int, mixed> </span>
</dt>
<dd>Restituisce l'oggetto sottoforma di array</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-table-of-contents__entry -method -public">
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_verificaCondizioni">verificaCondizioni()</a>
<span>
: bool </span>
</dt>
<dd>Funzione che verifica se un utente può partecipare o meno al gruppo, true in caso affermativo, false altrimenti</dd>
</dl>
<section class="phpdocumentor-properties">
<h3 class="phpdocumentor-elements__header" id="properties">
Properties
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#properties" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h3>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_admin">
$admin
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_admin" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">16</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$admin</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_campo">
$campo
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_campo" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">17</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$campo</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_dataEOra">
$dataEOra
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_dataEOra" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">14</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$dataEOra</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_descrizione">
$descrizione
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_descrizione" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">13</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$descrizione</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_etaMassima">
$etaMassima
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_etaMassima" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">11</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$etaMassima</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_etaMinima">
$etaMinima
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_etaMinima" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">10</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$etaMinima</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_id">
$id
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_id" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">8</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$id</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_nome">
$nome
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_nome" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">9</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$nome</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_partecipanti">
$partecipanti
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_partecipanti" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">15</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$partecipanti</span>
</code>
</article>
<article
class="
phpdocumentor-element
-property
-private
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="property_votoMinimo">
$votoMinimo
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#property_votoMinimo" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
<span class="phpdocumentor-element__modifiers">
</span>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">12</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">private</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__type">mixed</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">$votoMinimo</span>
</code>
</article>
</section>
<section class="phpdocumentor-methods">
<h3 class="phpdocumentor-elements__header" id="methods">
Methods
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#methods" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h3>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method___construct">
__construct()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method___construct" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">32</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">EGruppo constructor.</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">__construct</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int|null </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$id</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$nome</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMinima</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMassima</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">float </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$votoMinimo</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$descrizione</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$dataEOra</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">array<string|int, mixed> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$partecipanti</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$admin</span></span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span>, </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$campo</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">mixed</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$id</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int|null</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$nome</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMinima</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMassima</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$votoMinimo</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">float</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$descrizione</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$dataEOra</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$partecipanti</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">array<string|int, mixed></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$admin</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$campo</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">mixed</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getAdmin">
getAdmin()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getAdmin" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">181</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getAdmin</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a></span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a></span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getCampo">
getCampo()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getCampo" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">197</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getCampo</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type"><a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a></span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type"><a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a></span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getDataEOra">
getDataEOra()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getDataEOra" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">149</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getDataEOra</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type"><abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr></span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type"><abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr></span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getDescrizione">
getDescrizione()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getDescrizione" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">133</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getDescrizione</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">string</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">string</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getEtaMassima">
getEtaMassima()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getEtaMassima" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">101</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getEtaMassima</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getEtaMinima">
getEtaMinima()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getEtaMinima" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">85</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getEtaMinima</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getId">
getId()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getId" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">53</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getId</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getNome">
getNome()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getNome" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">69</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getNome</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">string</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">string</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getPartecipanti">
getPartecipanti()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getPartecipanti" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">165</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getPartecipanti</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">array<string|int, mixed></span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">array<string|int, mixed></span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getPostiDisponibili">
getPostiDisponibili()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getPostiDisponibili" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">301</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">Restituisce i posti disponibili per il gruppo</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getPostiDisponibili</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">int</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_getVotoMinimo">
getVotoMinimo()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_getVotoMinimo" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">117</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">getVotoMinimo</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">float</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">float</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_hasPartecipante">
hasPartecipante()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_hasPartecipante" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">249</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">Controlla se il gruppo ha come partecipante l'utente specificato</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">hasPartecipante</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$username</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$username</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"><p>username dell'utente su cui fare il controllo</p>
</section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"><p>true se è un partecipante, false altrimenti</p>
</section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_isPieno">
isPieno()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_isPieno" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">216</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">Restituisce true se il gruppo è al completo, false altrimenti</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">isPieno</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_rimuoviPartecipante">
rimuoviPartecipante()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_rimuoviPartecipante" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">232</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">Rimuove un partecipante dal gruppo</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">rimuoviPartecipante</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$utente</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$utente</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setAdmin">
setAdmin()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setAdmin" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">189</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setAdmin</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$admin</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$admin</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/EUtente.html"><abbr title="\EUtente">EUtente</abbr></a></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setCampo">
setCampo()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setCampo" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">205</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setCampo</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$campo</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$campo</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href="classes/ECampo.html"><abbr title="\ECampo">ECampo</abbr></a></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setDataEOra">
setDataEOra()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setDataEOra" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">157</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setDataEOra</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$dataEOra</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$dataEOra</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><abbr title="\DateTime">DateTime</abbr></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setDescrizione">
setDescrizione()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setDescrizione" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">141</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setDescrizione</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$descrizione</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$descrizione</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setEtaMassima">
setEtaMassima()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setEtaMassima" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">109</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setEtaMassima</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMassima</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMassima</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setEtaMinima">
setEtaMinima()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setEtaMinima" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">93</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setEtaMinima</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMinima</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$etaMinima</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setId">
setId()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setId" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">61</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setId</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$id</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$id</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">int</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setNome">
setNome()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setNome" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">77</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setNome</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$nome</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$nome</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">string</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setPartecipanti">
setPartecipanti()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setPartecipanti" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">173</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setPartecipanti</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">array<string|int, mixed> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$partecipanti</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$partecipanti</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">array<string|int, mixed></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_setVotoMinimo">
setVotoMinimo()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_setVotoMinimo" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">125</span>
</aside>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">setVotoMinimo</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">float </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$votoMinimo</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$votoMinimo</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type">float</span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">void</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_toArray">
toArray()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_toArray" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">282</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">Restituisce l'oggetto sottoforma di array</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">toArray</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">array<string|int, mixed></span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">array<string|int, mixed></span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
<article
class="phpdocumentor-element
-method
-public
"
>
<h4 class="phpdocumentor-element__name" id="method_verificaCondizioni">
verificaCondizioni()
<a href="classes/EGruppo.html#method_verificaCondizioni" class="headerlink"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a>
</h4>
<aside class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in">
<abbr class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__file" title="Entity/EGruppo.php"><a href="files/entity-egruppo.html"><abbr title="Entity/EGruppo.php">EGruppo.php</abbr></a></abbr>
:
<span class="phpdocumentor-element-found-in__line">261</span>
</aside>
<p class="phpdocumentor-summary">Funzione che verifica se un utente può partecipare o meno al gruppo, true in caso affermativo, false altrimenti</p>
<code class="phpdocumentor-code phpdocumentor-signature ">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__visibility">public</span>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__name">verificaCondizioni</span><span>(</span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument"><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href=""><abbr title=""></abbr></a> </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$utente</span></span><span>)</span><span> : </span><span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span></code>
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__heading">Parameters</h5>
<dl class="phpdocumentor-argument-list">
<dt class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__entry">
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__name">$utente</span>
: <span class="phpdocumentor-signature__argument__return-type"><a href=""><abbr title=""></abbr></a></span>
</dt>
<dd class="phpdocumentor-argument-list__definition">
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 class="phpdocumentor-return-value__heading">Return values</h5>
<span class="phpdocumentor-signature__response_type">bool</span>
—
<section class="phpdocumentor-description"></section>
</article>
</section>
</article>
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<header class="phpdocumentor-search-results__header">
<h2 class="phpdocumentor-search-results__title">Search results</h2>
<button class="phpdocumentor-search-results__close"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></button>
</header>
<section class="phpdocumentor-search-results__body">
<ul class="phpdocumentor-search-results__entries"></ul>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</div>
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Updated 07/15/2018 to correct All Regs References For Freddie Mac
One thing about the mortgage business you can count on is change, but not everything changes year by year! For example, the core principals of underwriting have always been the “4 C’s of underwriting” which are credit, capacity, capital, and collateral. Some could argue that the thought process of each one of the C’s has slightly changed, but the message is still intact, you need these 4 c’s to make a good loan.
Another oldie but goodie is Fannie Mae Form 1088, no that is not a typo, I did not mean the 1084 from. Form 1088 is the Comparative Income Analysis form, it’s been the same since 1996. The 1088 is part of the three steps an underwriter is supposed to complete to properly analyze a self-employed borrowers income.
These three steps are:
1) Determine if the business shows stable and steady revenues, and stable and steady expenses resulting in stable and steady net taxable income.
2) Determine if the business is solvent
3) Determine the borrower’s income from the business.
Reference FNMA AllRegs
B3-32.2-02 Analyzing Returns for an S corporation
B3-3.2.2-03 Analyzing Returns for a corporation
B3-3.2-1-08 Income or loss for form 1065
Reference for FHLMC Allregs
Freddie Mac Allregs section 5304.1
When I was in auditing we often found loans that underwriters just skipped to step 3 and missed the 500-pound gorilla in the room. That gorilla I am talking about was the borrower’s income seemed level but the business was running out of steam and would not be able to provide the same level of income going forward. This oversight would cause repurchase demands and thousands of dollars of lost revenue paying back the GSE’s to make the loan whole. If the underwriter would have completed the 1088 form we could have avoided many of these issues.
So what does the 1088 do?
1) Evaluates Gross Revenue of the Business, comparing year to year growth or loss.
2) Evaluates Expenses as a percentage of gross revenue, and compares year to year growth or decline in gross expenses
3) Taxable income as a percentage of gross revenue and compares year to year growth or decline in taxable income
Once we have compare a single year the user is required to then compare year over year trends. The great thing about this form is it is fairly easy to complete, just time consuming, it requires up to 21 math calculations to complete. For example, it can show you the business’s taxable income went down from 2012 to 2013 BUT it was because the expenses went up due to a new expansion (for example) so things are ok. Remember a business’s bottom line does not tell its full story, remember year after year Amazon lost money…. Now, look at them!
So don’t forget your 1088, but if you want a much faster way to complete the 1088 come on over to our site www.blueprintio.wpengine.com and go over to the tools section where you will find an online version of the 1088 which is quick, easy, and allows you to print a PDF to fully document your review!
Here’s to reviewing loans like a pro… | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9261367321014404}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '80888', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SI6FIJJIAFJDPNF3JELD2BPJR3ZQAPU7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6d9a7711-df8f-4d08-a679-d311007c0ed8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 20, 4, 15, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.74.10.248', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6A5GWCUGW3E4DGELTY7GDE27OWS22XOK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:55b9956d-750a-409b-8fe3-f88484708843>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://getblueprint.io/oldest-form-underwriters-never-heard-2/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b46eb776-d429-447d-ad89-fb20038a6740>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '528', 'url': 'https://getblueprint.io/oldest-form-underwriters-never-heard-2/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-93\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16174638271331787', 'original_id': '671dcc6eea9730ad68b3c5fe7f531082a46926b30b621ad9ea764d5f6b26e3a1'} |
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Herpes is a recurrent skin condition characterized by sores on the mouth or genitals. It is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus, called HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 most commonly causes “cold sores” or “fever blisters” on the mouth or face and HSV-2 most commonly causes sores on the genitals. However, the viruses are identical under a microscope and either type can infect the mouth or genitals.
How is it spread?
HSV can be passed on, both sexually and non-sexually, during skin to skin contact by: direct contact with a sore, mouth to genitals, genitals to mouth, genitals to genitals, and mouth to anus. It can also be transmitted when there are no symptoms present. HSV is not transmitted through such causal contact as hugging, shaking hands, sharing food, using the same eating utensils, drinking from the same glass, sitting on public toilets, or touching door knobs.
What are the symptoms?
• Small painful blisters on the sex organs or mouth (see picture)
• Itching or burning before the blisters appear
• Blisters generally last 1-3 weeks, when they do go away, you still have herpes and the blisters may reoccur in the same area with varying frequency
• An outbreak may be preceded by flu-like symptoms
Genital Herpes
Oral Herpetic Infection
How is it treated?
How can infection be prevented?
Abstinence is the only 100% effective way of preventing HSV infection. However, if you chose to engage in sexual activities and are unsure if you or your partner is possibly infected, consistent and correct use of latex barriers (condoms) can help reduce the risk of transmission. However, only areas covered by condoms, dams or gloves are protected from infection.
If you think that you or someone you know may have been infected with herpes click here for testing sites. If you’re sexually active, sign-up for free STD testing reminders via email, text or both at WeAllTest.com. If We All Test, we can help eliminate syphilis and other STDs in our community. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '213', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9272818565368652}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31793', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JVHGS4YZ34GFA3ADH2E3OLLCLKNVJ2NL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:27b9c7b9-ded4-4bb2-b8a7-a765215b42af>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 20, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.87.19.102', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7JDC4SXAT24ZDSSQSXOZJD7SK52H6FOR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d267af9c-d1fe-4520-b644-1f8050b3ef60>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ncsdconnection.com/std/herpes/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9d630d8-6c48-4c23-bd7e-351649e1cc22>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '450', 'url': 'http://ncsdconnection.com/std/herpes/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5825398564338684', 'original_id': 'c510ce843463303091ce86d39ea03e53703521da7f82491bd33c94928819c966'} |
cocos2dx- set draw() method interval time
What is the default interval of draw method call in cocos2dx engine? Can we set it manually? I couldn't find much information about it online. After researching a bit I found that update() method interval step could be adjusted by setting setAnimationInterval. Can I set a specific interval for draw method too?
The default interval is 1/60s. Although you can set it manually using CCDirector::sharedDirector()->setAnimationInterval(1.0 / 60);, it's not usually effective for intervals less than 1/60s simply because of vertical sync in case of desktop platforms, or hardware limits in case of mobile ones. For desktop platforms (specially windows that I've already tested) though you can disable vsync using wglSwapIntervalEXT(0);
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I've always had a great respect for firefighters. My father was a volunteer firefighter for over 20 years. Our whole life we're told to stay away from fire but a firefighters instinct is to run right to it. These brave men and women put their lives on the line everyday to save lives. But sometimes, it just work doesn't work out the way they planned.
According to WREX.com, in Bethalto Illinois, A fire captain lost his life after a partial collapse in a Illinois home. Jacob Ringering, a Captain and Technical Rescue Officer for the Godfrey Fire Protection Department suffered some serious injuries after a collapse in a home fire they were fighting. Three other firefighters were injured in the blaze. Jacob was taken to the hospital where he passed away. One of the other firefighters is in stable condition and the other 2 were treated and released. A few different departments were fighting the fire for about an hour before the accident.
It's definitely a sad day when we lose the real superhero's. Firefighters, police officers and paramedics will always the real hero's in my book. If you see a first responder in the next week, thank them for their service. After all they weren't drafted. They signed up for this and everyday they do their best to make the world a better place and try to keep us safe. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9822762608528136}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '137915', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V5VHRFNRPTXO35RLWQAUSVVRCPAGOT4S', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:71580220-e4f7-4666-ab7c-fa7f4769f0c2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 22, 25, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '152.195.32.246', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WZF43SCFHDNERJKXVHRJ6SC66VEEALKV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:63266662-56bb-4774-b005-0f0725abbd65>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://97zokonline.com/illinois-firefighter-loses-his-life-after-collapse-in-house-fire/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:642dcbfc-8192-493f-b662-eae05131d0cf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '231', 'url': 'https://97zokonline.com/illinois-firefighter-loses-his-life-after-collapse-in-house-fire/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-158-174-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06149572134017944', 'original_id': '6158ffb804fa555cc6a68827f6f03b360ecb159d5ab440a0088e00d7caa06c5a'} |
Puyvast Maritime India Pvt Ltd., formed as an associate company of Puyvast Chartering B.V., Netherlands, has a combined experience of over a century in the shipping industry. Having a network of offices, agencies, stockyards and infrastructure at all major Indian ports, Puyvast has established itself as a major provider of comprehensive logistic solutions to a diversified clientele.
A team of specialized and dedicated personnel manage the vessels operated by the group into several different lines, providing the basic break bulk support service for international trade, to and from the Indian subcontinent. Puyvast has built its reputation on a high standard of service, strict compliance with schedules while maintaining a high degree of flexibility, which is a prerequisite in Shipping Industry.
Puyvast have as their client base, companies of international repute, who have been regularly availing the vast shipping expertise available with the team.
Puyvast is totally dedicated to providing the trade with a high level of reliability combined with a personalized service.
For, the best testimonials for the organization, are those given by the clients themselves. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.95507150888443}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20130', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MISH6VQJKIP64R3OF72F3LIPBYDSQ5F4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:44b6ebfe-86a5-40be-8670-002fca14c67d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 18, 21, 51, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.172.109.217', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:USXRWBCERB3DWNR2XYWFVMTGS3WHG7EI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f522e04-7113-4c23-b8f6-376cbbb711bd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.puyvast.co.in/AboutUs.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5962e6be-ce76-47a7-875c-0532d51a8da4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '176', 'url': 'http://www.puyvast.co.in/AboutUs.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-230-0-77.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021922826766967773', 'original_id': '5afba08c2b8308050c7fc8a6e086059c2f33ba5bbefa2a9d236b89244753c754'} |
Congressman Ted Poe (TX-02)
After the fall of the Alamo, word began to spread like wildfire across the territory. The horrific tales of the massacre at Goliad had proven that Santa Anna and his army would show no mercy, even for the women and children. While many families had already begun to flee as early as January 1836, the March 6 slaughter prompted widespread terror and the historic Runaway Scrape began.
Families wasted no time in gathering essentials and setting out towards the Sabine River and into the safe haven of Louisiana or Galveston Island. Many families left with food on the table, clothes on the line, and ran for their lives with little more than the clothes on their back. Most of the treacherous journey was led by women with their small children, as only the elderly and boys deemed by their mamas as too young to fight were still at home.
General Sam Houston and his boys were on the eastward move as well. By early April, Washington-on-the Brazos was deserted and as General Sam marched on towards the Sabine, there was rarely a sole left behind him. With these areas unprotected, Texians that stayed behind faced certain death as Santa Anna pressed forward – if the Indians didn’t get there first.
The only solace that the runaways had was that General Sam was between them and death. At the last meeting in the Alamo, Travis said: "If we hold the Alamo, it is a deed well done! If we fall with it, it is still a deed well done! We pledge our lives to give Houston and Fannin time to get between Santa Anna and the settlements!"
A deed well done indeed. But assured as they were that General Sam was bringing up the rear, they were faced with another unforeseen obstacle – the always unpredictable Texas weather. The cold and rainy spring wreaked havoc along the Runaway Scrape. The runaways lacked the bare essentials of survival and many, mostly children, succumbed to the cold, disease and hunger.
I often talk about the heroes of our independence, but no finer example of heroics was displayed than on this historic exodus. This was the harshest journey of our fight for independence and it was only made possible by the sheer will and determination of the remarkable women that led the way.
There are countless stories of women who cared for the sick and diseased, sacrificed for the hungry, buried the dead, including their own children, and kept pressing on – never giving up. They were relentless in their mission and just as much a part of our independence as were their counterparts. As my grandmother always said, there is nothing more powerful than a woman that has made up her mind. And these women, these mothers of freedom, had made up their mind.
General Thomas Jefferson Rusk understood Texas women well: "The men of Texas deserved much credit, but more was due the women. Armed men facing a foe could not but be brave; but the women, with their little children around them, without means of defense or power to resist, faced danger and death with unflinching courage."
One such story recounts how one mother strapped a feather mattress to the back of a horse, tied her three young children on and led that horse by foot while carrying a baby on her hip. This was a prettier picture than most. As food and supplies were sparse, they also couldn’t afford to have anything extra weigh them down. The muddied trails to safety were littered with feathers from mattresses and discarded items too burdensome to carry.
As far as the eye could see, this was the scene along the Runaway Scrape. Most were starving, sick, and barely clothed. Make shift graves lined the way and areas of high ground offered the only reprieve from the mud-soaked misery.
As General Sam and the boys crossed the San Jacinto, many of the runaways a step ahead faced a rising Trinity River to the east. The flooded waterway and river-bottoms forced them to seek shelter in the Liberty and Dayton settlements. Today, a historical marker along Highway 90 recognizes this historical part of our Texas history.
On the afternoon of April 21, 1836, the runaways taking refuge along the banks of the Trinity heard the faint sounds of cannon fire in the distance. Fearing the worst, the runaways wasted no time in ferrying the river and making their escape. Little did they know at the time, but General Sam and his rag-tag bunch of freedom fighters whipped a vastly larger Mexican army that was caught napping, captured Santa Anna and a new Republic of Texas was won.
Just as terror and panic had raged throughout the land, the news of victory and independence did as well. The cries from the battlefield, “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” were echoed along the now abandoned Runaway Scrape and met with, “San Jacinto! San Jacinto!”
Texas – one and indivisible.
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All About Local SEO in 2020
An Interview with Justin Herring
Welcome to E-Coffee with Experts, an interview series where we discuss all things online marketing with the best minds in the business.
In this episode, Dawood talks to Justin Herring, local SEO and lead gen expert and founder of YEAH! Local. He discusses in detail about how to use content judiciously for SEO, the local SEO process used at his agency and how to win the lead gen game in the real estate sector.
Read this insightful conversation and stay tuned for the next steaming cup of e-coffee.
A lot of people in local SEO don’t really focus on outreach. But we do. We get huge authoritative backlinks to the service pages, the home page and also to the Google listing. And that just works gangbusters.
Justin Herring, Founder
YEAH! Local
Hello everyone, today we have with us Justin Herring, local SEO, and Lead Gen expert; owner of Yeah! Local, results-focused SEO agency in Atlanta. Their reviews and client success stories say it all. Justin, it would be great if you could introduce yourself and tell us what type of clients you mainly cater to.
I run a boutique digital marketing agency. We’ve got about 17 members. We mostly focus on local SEO service-based businesses. A lot of our clients are in the medical industry, like MRI labs or dentists or medspas.
We’ve got other clients as well, nationwide. But we like to focus more on service-based businesses than have a brick and mortar or franchises as well.
So, mainly local-businesses and the health-care industry?
Yeah, we like that space just because they continually need new leads coming in, which means new business. and they spend money on marketing.
Also, as an agency, what is good - niche versus broad?
It’s kind of a tough one because some people go all-in on the niche. Well, the problem is that if we all focus on a certain niche, we could be out of business. But since we are actually pretty broad, we focus on certain things that we like. But we also turn away a lot of clients that just don’t fit. We tell them that we will not be able to generate leads for them. It just depends on what you want to do.
I personally don’t like constantly working with the exact same industry; it gets kind of boring. But I also like it sometimes when I’ve got a lot of stuff to do and I can get a couple of new clients. Also, I don’t have to think about it too much because we’ve already worked with that type of niche before. It makes it easy. So, there’s no right or wrong answer!
I understand! Process-wise, it's kind of easier when you are focusing on a niche. But I think it's more fun diversifying new industries and new strategies. So, Justin, I was going through your homepage of yeah-local.com, and I can see that you have optimized the page very well, content-wise. So, can you tell us something about how you plan content for a particular page or set of keywords?
Well, it depends on whether you’re writing a blog post or if it’s just going to be a service page.
For a blog post, you will have to do the keyword research for that specific term.
Usually, people run their content through these optimizers and find out exactly how many terms and the top 10 pages they got. My main thing is I don’t do that!
It just seems that at a certain point, you’re spending too much time optimizing it. When there’s a lot of other factors that go into it.
So usually what we do is, we put the keywords in the title and first paragraph. We sprinkle some longtail keyword modifiers in the blog post throughout. And then we put the keyword again in the last paragraph and meta description.
I do that even for service pages, local service pages, or even home pages. And then just publish it. Wait for like a week or two and see where it falls.
Because a lot of times, it all depends on how authoritative your site is. A lot of people optimize their posts or pages to the same specifics that the number one ranking site has. But it doesn’t matter what you do; you are going to need more backlinks. Because if that number one ranking site has hundreds of backlinks to it, that means it is a huge authority.
So, don’t waste your time optimizing it too much until you can see where it falls. And then at that point, you can go in and tweak it or just get some more backlinks.
Justin, as we know, you do a lot of local SEO work with local businesses. So we want to know what your local SEO process looks like?
Our SEO is pretty straightforward and simple. What I’ve noticed with other agencies is that they build these Google stacks and use Google Maps Embed. We don’t do any of that!
We have done it before and it just seems like a huge waste of time. So, we basically go in, look at the site, see what you are ranking for currently. If you do not have location pages set up for the areas you’re trying to go after, we will build those out for each specific type of service you offer.
For example, if you’ve got five different services, we will build location pages for each of those services, for every location.
We may end up building 200 plus pages on a site, manually. And then we will optimize the homepage.
But it is all about local SEO. So it’s mainly building out those pages, making sure that Google my business listing is set up properly, and has all the info. Once we do that, it’s all about backlinks.
A lot of people in local SEO don’t really focus on that. But we do. We get huge authoritative backlinks to the service pages, the home page and also to the Google listing. And that just works gangbusters. Nobody else is doing it, so the site starts ranking quickly.
So, Justin when it comes to creating location-specific pages for a moving company and they have five locations wherein they offer residential moving and commercial moving. So if for Fairfax, I create residential moving Fairfax and commercial moving Fairfax, then I'll have a lot of pages for all locations. But then how do you ensure you're not creating too much doorway or spammy pages? How do you decide on a specific page for every county?
Usually, I just go by cities. I don’t do any counties or zip codes.
Let’s say, you want to create your main service page. So, if Fairfax is your main location, so what I would do is beef that page up. Put all the content on it, put FAQs, optimize it for conversion. And once the page is fully optimized, I use it to duplicate.
Once you duplicate it, you just change the URL, heading, meta description, and a couple of other things to the cities. What we’ve seen is you do not need to create new content. You do not need to worry about it being spammy. As long as it’s actually decent in the beginning, then it ranks perfectly fine.
So, if you just change the page for other cities and the headings, but the main content is kept the same, you're saying that it doesn't really matter?
It doesn’t matter! I’ve tested this across literally like hundreds of sites, thousands of pages and we’re ranking in the top three-four cities. And I guess you could say that it would be duplicate content for sure, but it actually has different titles and headers. It talks about the different cities a little bit but not much.
You can refer to huge Authority sites too. This is exactly what they do; even they don’t have different content. This is one of those SEO myths. People say that you need different content on the pages, but I haven’t seen it have any effect.
Right, right! Also, what are the key elements that you look at while optimizing the Google My Business listing page?
First off, you should make sure that it’s linking over to the city’s page that you want to show up for. So, if you’ve got, let’s say an Atlanta page on your site, make sure that the Atlanta listing is linked over to that page. And then you just fill out everything in that Google My Business listing.
If there are ten categories that could make sense, you should make sure that all the categories are filled out. You must search through and see what your competitors are showing up for.
Probably, you’ll not be able to get them all. But it’s essential that you search and see if you can pull up more categories that you may fall into — that you could show up too. So, categories are a big thing!
You must keep an eye on number one, two, and three businesses that are ranking, and see what categories they’re showing up for. If it’s not the one that is your primary, you need to switch it. That’s number one, and then you have to fill out.
If you have service pages on the services section of your listing, you will need to fill out all those services. Put a little bit of content in there as well so that Google understands what services you’re offering. And then, the same thing with the description — add in a nice little blurb in there with the main keyword you want to go after. Basically, that’s it!
And once we do that, we do guest posts for the Google listing. Usually, it’s got keyword-rich anchor text in it.
Okay! So, how does link building differ for local businesses when compared to a business whose focus is nationwide?
It doesn’t differ a lot. That’s the whole thing!
The only difference is if it is a national business and they didn’t want to rank their Google listing, then I wouldn’t get the links to that Google listing. But the same links that I’m getting for local – like service pages, home pages, or even blog posts, I’m getting those same links for national sites.
So we’re doing guest posts on sites that have DAs between 40 and 90. We don’t get anything that has a DA less than forty or forty plus. So if you get five to ten of those to a couple of pages on your site, you are going to start ranking pretty quickly.
Absolutely, even I have tested like GMBs and guest posts for local businesses. And, I completely agree! As long as the quality of the links you're using, the guest post you're doing and the inserted anchor text is not looking deliberate, it works for local businesses as well.
Correct! If we’re going for the GMB listing, we still do guest posts but when we link over, we actually link over to the SID URL, which is just the Google Maps URL. So we link over to that and it works. When we do an anchor text, all of a sudden it’ll boost it up within a week or so after doing so.
Also talking about GMB's, let's say, even if we are able to rank in the top three packs but the GMB doesn't have reviews, it wouldn’t help. Is there any strategy that you're using which ensures that the clients are getting regular reviews?
Yes, so we have campaigns that kind of encompass all this. We don’t take on clients that are just doing link building or optimizing the site. When we take on clients, we’re doing the whole marketing campaign besides social. That’s the only thing. We don’t do social posting or anything like that. But we set our clients up with a review marketing system and if they’re not already doing it, we integrate it into their system where they’re able to use our autoresponders to send out emails and texts and go through a review marketing funnel. So that allows them to continually get new reviews on a daily or weekly basis. Getting those reviews is one of the top priorities.
Can you suggest any good tools for reviews?
We’ve used Grade Us for probably five years. I’ve looked at other stuff. There are tons of tools out there but as far as the price point, you just can’t really beat it. I think they’ve raised the price a little bit.
What are the best practices for doing citations? How many are not too much or not too less? Which ones to go after and how often?
Citations, I think, are pretty worthless.
When we get a new client, we run it through that BrightLocal citation grader, and then we see if they’ve got citations. If they’ve got between forty to sixty citations already, we’re not going to do anything. If they don’t, we’ll just order like an aggregator through BrightLocal, and push them out to the four different aggregators and just roll with it like that! That’s the only thing we do with citations besides getting the main four or five — Yelp, Facebook, Google, Bing, Apple. But that’s it! That’s all we do! After that, there’s no citation building at all.
So it’s more of guest posts.
Justin, what tool do you use for the local rank tracking?
Right now, we use BrightLocal for all the rank tracking! Again just because it’s got accurate rank tracking, and the price point is pretty good when compared to the number of keywords you can track.
Per every client, we probably track at least three hundred to a thousand keywords. So the tool allows you to track a lot.
So, Justin, you have had a successful tenure in real estate. When you were doing Lead Gen for real estate, you were able to generate tons of leads. What actually works as far as Lead Gen is concerned in the real estate niche.
So, actually, in that niche, we were using software that gave us home selling reports. It’s kind of like Zillow, where the home sellers would put in their info because they wanted to find out what the property was worth. And then we’d run Facebook Ads to this software.
Once they got their information in there, the real estate agent would just follow up with them.
And a lot of times, these were leads that weren’t ready to sell right this second. But there was a year-long email campaign that went out, continually messaging them saying – “Hey, it looks like your home price has changed!”
“Get your new home seller report, showing what your property is worth!”
And, so once you fill the pipeline, you would get five to ten new leads a month based on listings in a certain local area that you had generated from Facebook of those leads. So, it worked pretty well.
Right, and how did these emails look like? Were they like generic or like newsletters specific to specific areas? How would you plan that?
Yes, so the emails were more generic. But they looked like plain text emails; they weren’t anything like a nice email.
They just said, “Hey Bob, it looks like your home’s price has changed this month. Get your home seller report updated now.” And then he would just click, he’d go back over and get his home seller report updated.
The landing pages were also very city-specific.
These were more generic emails, but they looked non-generic.
How are you using visual content productively and effectively, as far as local SEO is concerned? Like videos? Infographics?
We use some. We don’t use them a ton!
Usually, we’re using it more for conversion on the actual website or the blog posts. We upload them to YouTube sometimes and also on the Google listing. But we’re not using them specifically for generating leads. Most of the leads that we get are generated off of those Google listings and then the organic listings.
So, it’s like could I do it, sure. But I’d rather spend money in different ways.
Also, you know talking about local businesses, the need for voice search is increasing. Have you done any tests on that?
For the voice searches, you more or less optimize the same as your regular SEO. You don’t have to do anything differently! If you’re optimizing it correctly with the terms, some frequently asked questions, you’ve got a table of contents, there’s not much you’ll have to do.
You can put some audio, some podcasts or you can audio your blog post, but I don’t think there’s a lot more you need to do. Besides getting featured in those snippets and other things if those are popping up.
We have a couple of clients that show up in a bunch of featured snippets, but for those, you just need your table of contents on the page and to make sure it’s optimized. It’ll work the exact same.
Justin, what has been your biggest challenge in SEO so far?
Just figuring out what actually worked, and what was a bunch of junk. As I said, people are just doing so much for local SEO that just doesn’t need to be done.
People put the images, geotag these images, build all these second-tier links and according to me, that may work. But it just seems like a lot of work to check if it can happen.
Figuring out the process of what you really need to do and what is just fluff. That’s kind of the hardest part of any SEO!
So, once you can get down your process. Figure out step 1, step 2, step 3 and you know you can do this on every client, then you’re good to go. It’s pretty easy.
The other part is just being patient. Most of what should happen does not happen even if you’re doing everything correctly. The site could literally go backward for a month. And if you get scared or you don’t know what you’re doing or you’ve never done this before, you could stop what you’re doing or try to do something else and mess it all up. But we’ve seen sites go backward for a month and suddenly shoot up to number one. So you just have to keep going with what works.
For a lot of agencies the churn rate for local businesses is high, because SEO might not be a good fit for every local business. I know that your process starts with a consultation call to see whether SEO is the correct solution for them? So, tell us more about the consultation call.
Yes, so this is another thing that we’ve refined down the process. Because I don’t want to waste my or business owners’ time.
We, basically. schedule about a five to fifteen-minute call with every lead. And before I get on the call, I usually run like a quick five-minute audit, look at a couple of things just to see where their site is at, what’s happening, and if they’re in the realm.
And when I get on the phone, I just ask them a couple of quick questions, feel them out. If they’ve been doing marketing, what have they been doing? If they’ve been spending money, how much are they spending? And just get an idea if this would be a good fit or not.
If they’re generating leads right now or they’re a startup, then at that point, I blatantly tell them what our prices are and say, “Hey look, our pricing starts at fifteen hundred dollars a month. We don’t have any contracts. Is that within your budget range?”
If they say No, then I say, “Okay cool, no problem.” And then I tell them don’t go with anybody that’s telling you to spend less than about a thousand dollars because they’re not going to be able to do enough.
And, if they say, “Yes, that’s within my budget range”, we schedule a strategy call for about thirty minutes within the next 24 hours to a couple of days. I work up a whole strategy for them and get back on a call, at that point.
One more very important point here is that you also need to ask the businesses whether their budget actually will do justice based on what the competition is doing. And if we know that the business has pockets to spend, we can logically explain them with proper reports, and that can help agencies working with local businesses, a lot.
A lot of times, we don’t have a whole lot of churn. We’ve had clients for years!
We usually don’t take on clients that haven’t been doing marketing or spending money on marketing before or even if they’re just starting a business.
It just doesn’t make sense unless they want to do Pay-per-click and they’ve got a healthy cash flow because they will have to spend money and they may probably not get a whole lot of leads.
Also, you’re going to get a churn if you go into a low price point. A lot of businesses that only want to pay 300, 400, 500 dollars are probably not thinking long term as far as marketing is concerned. They’re just looking for a quick fix, and that’s not gonna work.
Justin, you help businesses generate leads through LinkedIn. That's one more service which you offer. So, what are the elements to look at when one is optimizing his LinkedIn profile page?
You must have your LinkedIn profile set up to where it’s talking to your prospective clients, customers, patients, etc. And it should look nice and robust. So, put some videos and images on there. As far as the summary is concerned, make it like a sales page, a landing page.
We go and actually write that for you. We also write up a headline, put in all the features along with the videos & images, just to make it look really nice and snazzy.
At that point, that’s only going to get you so far. Once people come to your profile, that’s going to look good but if you want to take it to the next level, you’ll have to do some outreach through LinkedIn messages and connections.
We help with that too. We send out messages to build connections and after that like a follow-up message, depending on how aggressive you want to get in the sales process.
When you're trying to outreach via LinkedIn, Is there a strategy that determines the number of requests or messages you should send daily?
You can do 50 to 100 requests a day, and then at a certain point, you have to either withdraw those connection requests. For example, if you have about 5,000 outstanding connection requests, you will have to withdraw some of them. But it all depends on the message that you’re sending along with the request, and if they are actually decent prospects.
Because we all get them. The messages look generic and you can tell that they’re sending this to hundreds of people.
You can either accept it or not. But if you get a decent message that indicates that the receiver actually looks at my profile, knows what I’m doing, then those get accepted a lot.
I believe these should not be direct sales pitches because the first step is to get connected, right?
You don’t want to do a sales pitch on the LinkedIn connection message. You just want to get connected, and even on the second message, I don’t do a sales pitch. Usually, on that, I send over a blog post or checklist that is beneficial to the connection or their business. This way, you don’t look like you’re trying to sell them something.
I mean obviously, you probably are, but it’s like soft selling. Then, the next message could be like – “Hey, here’s another article.” You are just giving them info so that they can then be reached back out.
On average, how long is the sales cycle for you?
It depends! Sometimes, you’ll get people right on the first or second message. Other times, it can take months. It depends on if the receiver’s ready to go, the number of messages you’re sending out, and how you’re doing it.
I would say the sales cycle could be a couple of days to a couple of weeks.
How do you see the current COVID 19 situation affecting the local businesses and agencies working with them? How have you seen the impact?
It’s definitely affecting! Like we haven’t had anybody specifically say, I’m canceling with you or I’m not coming back, But we’ve had 40 to 50 percent of the clients that had to pause the campaign for a month or two.
Now, a lot of people are saying, “Don’t let your clients cancel or don’t let them pause. Just figure out a way to keep them.” But that doesn’t make any sense.
If the business is closed down, they cannot take customers but they’re already ranking pretty good, I just can’t, in my right mind, not let them pause a couple of months if they’re hurting.
You can do whatever you want with your agency but if you actually want a client to come back, you shouldn’t dupe them into staying.
There’s nothing you can do. It’s not like you’re not doing a good job. It’s just they’re not getting any business, so some of them had to furlough their staff or let them go. Marketing is probably not the number one thing for them.
On the other hand, I have the other 50%, their leads have diminished a little bit but they’re still getting business and so they’re continuing on. And then we’ve even gotten some new clients from different niches like the home improvement niche and a couple of national clients. It’s kind of all over the place.
I think this is where we run super lean, and our expenses are super low. The fewer clients we have, the lower our expenses get. So it doesn’t correlate to where we still have high expenses if we lose clients. But a lot of agencies, they have a ton of staff that they gotta pay; those people are gonna be in trouble.
At that point, you may have to read how you operate and figure out how to get lean. You may have to let some people go and bring them on a contract basis.
Absolutely, I think that's the beauty of an agency. I have always seen it on how the client base or influx is. Because you need to plan your expenses accordingly. I have come across agencies that are exceptional with the backend and tech without actually having a set plan of influx. And I think, nowadays with all these systems. processes, technology out there, it's very easy even for agencies who have a big client base to smartly plan what parts of the business they can outsource. Obviously, you need to carefully vet the partners. But then, you also need to be sure about which parts to invest heavily in and keep them in-house. I think this situation will also cause a lot of agencies (who never tried to go that route) to plan accordingly. As an agency, you should plan your expenses and profits based on your client base or influx, however a lot of agencies have invested in a strong backend or tech without the planning. What are your thoughts about having all processes in house vs outsourcing?
If you are an agency, you need to be running at a certain profit margin continually. It doesn’t matter how many clients you have.
You should hopefully be in that 52 to 70 profit margin range if you can figure that out. And that’s where you can really adjust. In case you lose clients, you’re not sweating!
Justin, I would like to ask another question concerning LinkedIn. What are the niches that work well for LinkedIn? As an agency, when you're trying to outreach which niches are the best fit?
So, if you’re trying to outreach on LinkedIn, you have to think about who’s actually going to be on there a lot.
We’ve actually outreached a lot of dentists before and if they use LinkedIn, then they’ll respond. But a lot of them never go on there.
If you’re looking at more businesses that do B2B than B2C, we’ve got a print shop that does a lot for law firms. So them going after lawyers on LinkedIn actually makes sense and it’s a lot easier because lawyers are a little bit more business-oriented. They use LinkedIn more, but if you think of dentists, they’re not sitting there all day on LinkedIn looking for clients.
Now, can it work? Sure, but you will have to think about the niche you are after and if they are playing around on LinkedIn a lot.
For law clients, apart from LinkedIn, what are the other strategies that agencies focusing on law clients should adopt?
We run Pay-per-click ads and had pretty good success with paid ads on Google. You can run those for your law firm clients and get them through a funnel.
We’ve also done outreach through email. Although, that hasn’t worked that well but they did get in front of some people.
LinkedIn and the paid ads would be my two. The strategies I go after and along with running some Facebook ads, specifically for lawyers. Something that gets them to download a checklist or sends them into some kind of short webinar real quick, and gets them to book a call.
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Développement d'une méthode numérique compressible pour la simulation de la cavitation en géométrie complexe. Lionel Bergerat
Directeur de thèse : Farid BAKIR Co-encadrement de la thèse : Sofiane KHELLADI T Jury Mme. Regiane FORTES PATELLA, Professeur des Universités, LEGI M. Xésus NOGUEIRA, Maitre de Conférences, UDC M. Carlos SANTOLARIA MORROS, Professeur des Universités M. Miguel Asuaje, Maitre de Conférences, LCEM, USB M. Farid BAKIR, Professeur des Universités, DynFluid, Arts et Métiers ParisTech M. Sofiane KHELLADI, Professeur des Universités, DynFluid, Arts et Métiers ParisTech Présidente Rapporteur Rapporteur Examinateur Examinateur Examinateur H È S E Arts et Métiers ParisTech - Centre de Paris Laboratoire DynFluid 2
Remerciements Je vous adresse, professeur Farid Bakir, professeur Sofianne Khelladi, mes plus grands remerciements pour votre suivi, votre confiance. M. Bakir, merci pour votre encadrement qui m'a beaucoup guidé dans la structuration de mon travail. M. Khelladi, merci pour votre aide précieuse dans l'approfondissement de mes connaissances scientifiques et numériques. J'ai aimé travailler à vos côtés, et j'ai énormément appris. Je vous remercie pour toutes ces conversations passionnantes. Je remercie également professeur Robert REY
qui a dirigé le laboratoire DynFluid pendant la majorité de la durée de mon travail au DynFluid. Merci pour votre générosité et pour votre estime. J'adresse à l'équipe des maitres de conférences du laboratoire, Christophe Sarraf, Florent Ravelet, Michael Deligant, mes sincères remerciements, pour avoir aidé à mener à bien mes cours d'enseignement, et pour avoir passé ces trois ans dans de si bonnes conditions professionnelles. Je remercie aussi M. Ricardo Noguera, Maître de Conférences, pour ses conseils dans mes fonctions d'enseignants et pour son amicalité professionnelle. J'exprime aux membres du jury ma profonde reconnaissance, pour avoir consenti à faire part de mon travail, et pour leur lecture attentionnée de mon mémoire de thèse. Mme. Fortes Patella, merci pour votre présidence et votre disponibilité. Merci, M. Nogueira, M. Santolaria Morros, pour avoir accepté d'être rapporteurs de ma thèse et pour vos commentaires qui m'ont aidé à finaliser mon travail. Merci, M. Je remercie finalement ma famille, Maria Clara, mon père, ma mère, mon frère. Merci infiniment pour votre soutient.
Paris, le 12/12/2012
4 Table des matières
1
Introduction
1.1 Contexte.............................. 1.2 Motivations............................
1.3 Plan du rapport
de
thèse
.................... Description de la Cavitation
2.1
Les
différents types de cavitation................ 2.2 Nombres adimensionnés pour l'analyse des écoulements cavitants................................ 2.2.1 Fraction volumique de vapeur α............ 2.2.2 Nombre de cavitation σ................. 2.2.3 Nombre de Strouhal St................. 2.2.4 Nombre de Mach M................... 2.3 Mécanismes de la cavitation...................
2.3.
0.1
Changement de phase
.............
2.3.0.2 Jet rentrant.................. 2.3.0.3 Collapse du nuage de vapeur......... 5 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 3 Etat de l'art 3.1 Méthodes numériques conventionnelles en CFD...... 3.1.1 Méthode des différences finies............ 3.1.2 Méthode des éléments finis............. 3.1.3 Méthode des volumes finis.............. 3.2 Modèles pour la simulation de la cavitaion......... 3.2.1 Modèles basés sur des équations de liquide à bulles 3.2.2 Modèles à suivi d'interface.............. 3.2.3 Modèles bi-fluides.................. 3.2.4 Méthodes VOF.................... 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 i......... ii 3.2.5 Modèles d'équilibre homogène.............. 4 Modélisation de la cavitation 4.1 4.2 24 4.1.1 Conservation de la masse................ 24 4.1.2 Conservation de la quantité de mouvement...... 25 4.1.3 Conservation de l'énergie................ 26
Modèle
de cavitation....................... 28 4.2.1 Phase vapeur (α = 1).................. 29 4.2.2 Phase liquide (α = 0).................. 31 4.2.3 Phase de mélange (0 < α < 1).............. 33 37 Volumes Finis........................... 38 5.1.1 38 5.1.2 Grille de calcul...................... 39 5.1.3 Volumes de contrôle................... 40 5.1.3.1 Cell centered.................. 41 5.1.3.2 Vertex centered................ 41 Discrétisation spatiale.................. 42 5.1.4.1 Principes.................... 42 5.1.4.2 Discrétisation des flux convectifs....... 43 5.1.4.3 Discrétisation des flux diffusifs........ 43 Discrét
5.1.5.1 Discrétisation explicite............ 46 5.1.5.2 Discrétisation implicite............ 48 Conditions aux limites.................. 49 5.1.6.1 Variables caractéristiques........... 50 5.1.6.2 Condition de paroi réfléchissante....... 51 5.1.6.3 Condition de paroi absorbante........ 53 5.1.6.4 Condition de paroi "noslip".......... 55 Méthode des Moindres Carrés Mobiles............. 55 5.2.1 55 5.2.2 Notion de schéma à haut ordre de précision...... 56 5.2.3 Stencil........................... 56 5.2.4 Formulation générale................... 59 5.2.5 Base polynomiale..................... 60 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.2 23 Equations de conservation.................... 5 Modèle Numérique 5.1 22 iii 5.3 5.4 5.2.6 Kernel.......................
5.2.7 Estimation des dérivées................. 63 5.2.7.1 Dérivées spatiales............... 63 5.2.7.2 Terme temporel................ 63 Faibles nombres de Mach.................... 66 5.3.1 Schémas AUSM...................... 68 5.3.2 schémas SLAU...................... 73 Limiteur de pente......................... 76 5.4.1 Limiteur du second ordre................ 79 5.4.2 Détection des discontinuités............... 81 5.4.2.1 Propriétés multi-échelle de la méthodes MLS 82 5.4.2.2 Application des filtres MLS pour la détection des discontinuités............... 84 6 Résultats 6.1 6.2 Validation du schéma numérique pour les faibles nombres de mach................................ 87 6.1.1 Géométr
ie, maillage, et conditions limite........
Résultats du SLAU é 89 6.1.3 Comparaison avec d'autres solveurs de Riemann... 91 Validation en régime non cavitant................ 91 6.2.1 6.3 87 coulement stationnaire laminaire autour d'un cylindre (Re=20, Re=40)..................... 91 6.2.2 Ecoulement turbulent autour d'un cylindre (Re=3900) 95 6.2.3 Ecoulement autour d'un profil 2D NACA0015 à 6° d'incidence........................ 95 Validation en régime cavitant.................. 97 6.3.1 Résultats pendant un cycle complet.......... 1.2 Motivations
En effet, parmi les différents phénomènes ayant lieu dans les turbomachines, la cavitation présente des caractéristiques et des conséquences qu'il est utile de prédire. Ce phénomène apparaı̂t fréquemment dans les turbomachines hydrauliques soumises à des conditions de basses pressions. Les conséquences de ce phénomène sont très indésirables pour le bon fonctionnement des systèmes où elles ont lieu : elle peuvent par exemple entrainer une forte baisse de performances de la machine en question, générer du bruit indésirable, provoquer l'érosion de la machine suite au collapse de bulles de vapeur, qui génère des pressions assez importantes pour erroder la structure de la machine. L'existence de ces phénomènes physiques, associés à leurs conséquences, a été la motivation pour mieux connaı̂tre et prédire le comportement d'écoulements présentant les conditions propices à la cavitation. L'objectif de cette thèse est de formuler un modèle physique de cavitation, et de l'inclure dans l'outil de simulation numérique développé au DynFLuid, pour une simulation compressible et à haut ordre de précision, pour des écoulements dans des géométries complexes. Une des difficultés concerne les deux derniers points évoqués. En effet, une méthode d'ordre supérieure est difficilement conciliable avec des géométries complexes : il est ainsi difficile de formuler une telle méthode pour des maillages non structurés. 1.3 Plan du rapport de thèse
Afin de décrire le travail effectué dans cette thèse, le présent rapport est organisé de la manière suivante : Premièrement, nous nous intéresserons à la description et à la définition du phénomène de la cavitation. Nous y évoquerons les différents paramètres d'intérêt, ainsi qu'une description de différents mécanismes liés au phénomène. Le second chapitre est consacré à l'état de l'art des travaux numériques, dans un premier temps dans le cadre de la simulation numérique dans la mécanique des fluides en général, puis associée à la cavitation. 3 Le troisième chapitre présente le modèle de cavitation que nous avons retenu. Le modèle d'équilibre homogène y est décrit en profondeur : dans un premier temps nous y présentons les équations de conservation, puis les équations d'états associées aux différentes phases en présence. Enfin, une formulation complète pour chaque phase du mélange est présentée. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous nous intéressons au modèle numérique dans lequel s'inscrit le modèle de cavitation. Nous y rappelons dans un premier temps les équations à résoudre pour un écoulement visqueux. Nous décrivons ensuite les différentes discrétisations spatiales et temporelles, et les conditions limites. Nous y présentons enfin la méthode des moindres carrés mobiles (MLS : moving least square approximation), qui permet au schéma d'atteindre des ordres de précision élevés. La fin du chapitre est consacrée à la description du schéma de flux numérique développé pour permettre la simulation aux très faibles nombres de mach. Nous finissons ce chapitre par la description du limiteur de pente, associé à l'outil de détection des discontinuités, nécessaires à la simulation à hauts ordres pour des écoulements présentant de fortes scontinuités. Enfin, nous présentons dans le chapitre cinq les résultats de simulation en régime monophasique et cavitant.
4 Chapitre 2 Description de la Cavitation
Contents 2.1 Les différents types de cavitation......... 2.2 Nombres adimensionnés pour l'analyse des écoulements cavitants........................ 8 2.3 6 2.2.1 Fraction volumique de vapeur α 8 2.2.2 Nombre de cavitation σ............... 8 2.2.3 Nombre de Strouhal St............... 9 2.2.4 Nombre de Mach M................. 9 Mécanismes de la cavitation............ Introduction
La cavitation a lieu dans les écoulements liquides lorsque la pression du milieu descend suffisamment pour engendrer un changement de phase et la formation de bulles de vapeur. Parsons (1906) a été le premier à identifier le phénomène de la cavitation, comme étant résultante de la vaporisation au sein même de l'écoulement. Depuis lors, ce phénomène n'a de cesse d'être étudié pour les raisons principales suivantes : la cavitation cause de fortes baisses de performances dans les machines où elle a lieu, elle est aussi source de bruit, et peut endommager gravement les surfaces solides près desquelles elle se développe. La cavitation peut avoir lieu sous plusieurs formes : la cavitation de bulles, de poches, en vortex. La forme et le type de cavitation sont directement liés à la géométrie, et ainsi, à la distribution de pression dans l'écoulement. Pour la cavitation plane, qui sera l'objet d'étude de cette thèse, 5 6 les principaux mécanismes cinématiques et phénoménologiques à prendre en compte sont les suivants : → Le jet rentrant : L'écoulement étant attiré par les zones de pression les plus faibles -ce qui correspond aux zones où la cavitation a lieu- les lignes de courant on tendance à se s'orienter perpendiculairement à la zone délimitant la cavité. Ceci a pour conséquence un cisaillement en aval de l'écoulement, et conduit ainsi au mécanisme cinématique qui sera décrit plus en détail dans le chapitre concerné. → Le collapse d'une bulle de vapeur : Lorsque, entourée par le liquide dont la pression est supérieure à celle observée dans la cavité, une région de vapeur n'est plus capable de se maintenir dans phase, il se produit un phénomène de collapse, accompagné par des vitesse très élevées, ce qui, près d'une paroi, peut donner lieu à des pression telles, que celles-ci dépassent la pression limite supportable par le matériau en présence, conduisant ainsi à sa détérioration. Figure 2.1 – Diagramme des phases 2.1
Les différent
s
types de cavitation
Selon Franc [16], la cavitation se manifeste dans les turbomachines sous trois formes principales : 7 La cavitation par bull
es
isolées Ce type de cavitation apparaı̂t dans les zones de basses pressions et de faibles gradients de pressions. Elle est le résultat de l'apparition et le grossissement rapide de germes de cavitation dans l'écoulement. Ces bulles disparaissent ensuite en implosant lorsque l'écoulement les a convectées dans des zones de pressions plus importantes.
Figure 2.2 – Cavitation par bulles isolées, [Franc, 2005] La cavitation par filaments tourbillonnaires
Ce phénomène résulte de la dépression présente dans les zones de forte vorticité de l'écoulement. On la retrouve principalement en bout de pale, où les cisaillements sont importants.
Figure 2.3 – Cavitation par filaments tourbillonnaires, [Franc, 2005]
La cavitation par poche attachée
Ce type de cavitation est principalement observé et étudié dans les turbomachines. La zone de cavitation apparaı̂t dans les zones de basses pressions de l'écoulement : généralement l'extrados d'un profil d'aile. De façon plus ou moins périodique, et ce, dépendamment de la nature et des conditions 8 de l'écoulement, un jet rentrant, attiré par la zone de cavitation à pression faible, vient couper et éventuellement détacher une zone de la poche de cavitation. Cette poche est ensuite convectée par l'écoulement. La partie de la poche restant attachée, près du bord d'attaque du profil, se redéveloppe pour ensuite être resectionnée par le jet rentrant, et reformer ainsi un autre cycle similaire au précédent. Figure 2.4 – Cavitation par poche attachée, [Franc, 2005]
2.2 2.2.1 Nombres adimensionnés pour l'analyse des écoulements cavitants Fraction volumique de vapeur
α La fraction volumique de vapeur α se définit comme le rapport des volumes de l'écoulement occupés par la phase vapeur et le volume total de l'écoulement : α= ρ − ρl,sat (T ) Vv = V ρv,sat (T ) − ρl,sat (T ) (2.1) Ici, Vv désigne le volume occupé par la phase vapeur et V le volume où sied l'écoulement. ρv,sat (T ) et ρl,sat (T ) sont les masses volumiques de saturation, qui ne dépendent que de la température T, et qui seront définis plus tard.
2.2.2 Nombre de cavitation
σ Ce nombre introduit par Thoma, caractérise la probabilité que le phénomène de cavitation aie lieu au sein de l'écoulement considéré. Il est défini en utilisant comme référence l'énergie cinétique d'entraı̂nement, et traduit l'écart 9 entre une pression qui caractérise l'écoulement P∞, et la pression de vapeur saturant Psat (T ) : σ= P∞ − Psat (T ) 1 2 2 ρ∞ U∞ (2.2) L'indice (*)∞ dénote les grandeurs de l'écoulement lointain. On note que lorsque la pression dans l'écoulement diminue, le nombre de cavitation augmente. Ainsi, un grand nombre de cavitation indique un écart important entre la pression de l'écoulement et la pression de saturation, et correspond à un faible risque de cavitation. Inversement, plus le nombre de cavitation est petit, et plus le risque que l'écoulement soit cavitant est important. 2.2.3 Nombre de Strouhal St
Le nombre de Strouhal quantifie les mécanismes de circulation oscillante dans les écoulements instationnaires. Plus physiquement, il représente le rapport du temps d'advection et du temps caractéristique de l'instationnarité. Pour les écoulements cavitants, il est défini de la manière suivante : St = fl U∞ (2.3) f représente la fréquence de séparation de la cavité, l est la longueur moyenne de la cavité, et U∞ la vitesse de l'écoulement loin des parois. Il est souvent difficile de déterminer avec précision la taille moyenne d'une poche de cavitation. Il est commun dans ce cas d'avoir recours à un nombre de Strouhal modifié, qui prend en compte la corde du profil c : Stc = 2.2.4 fc U∞ (2.4)
Nombre de Mach M
Le nombre de Mach est défini comme le rapport entre la vitesse du fluide et la vitesse du son en son sein. : M= |~u| c (2.5) Où ~u est la vitesse du fluide, et c la vitesse du son. Si la vitesse d'écoulement est supérieure à celle du son, le régime est supersonique, et pour les vitesses 10 inférieures, en régime subsonique. Comme nous le décrirons plus tard, dans les régimes cavitants, la vitesse du son diffère de manière drastique entre les phases vapeur et liquide, conduisant localement à des écoulements supersoniques dans un écoulement globalement subsonique. Dans ce cas, la simulation d'un écoulement globalement incompressible voit des phénomènes de grande compressibilité, d'où découlent plusieurs difficultés numériques. 2.3 Mécanismes de la cavitation
Nous nous intéressons ici à une description détaillée des mécanismes de cavitation par poche attachée. Dans un premier temps, nous déterminerons le domaine des phases dans lequel nous nous situons à travers une description la plus exhaustive possible du changement de phase de l'eau. Nous décrirons ensuite les mécanismes physiques relatifs à la cavitation, et les conséquences d'un tel écoulement. 2.3.0.1
Dans le domaine de notre étude, et relativement au modèle de cavitation que nous adoptons, nous considérons l'écoulement cavitant de l'eau comme constitué d'eau pure. Cette espèce peut se trouver dans l'écoulement considéré sous plusieurs phases. Les phases pures sont l'eau liquide et la vapeur d'eau. Lorsque ces deux phases coexistent, nous considérons la phase correspondante comme un mélange. L'état solide de l'eau ne nous intéressant pas dans ce travail, nous ne considérerons que les températures supérieures à la température de solidification Tr, qui dépend des conditions de pression. Cette température est représentée par la surface passant par Tr sur la figure (2.5). Sur cette figure (2.5), chaque plan correspond à une phase de l'eau pure, dont le mélange fait partie. Nous nous intéressons surtout ici au plan délimitant cette phase, bornée par les états de saturation, dont nous présentons la modélisation dans une section future Tc est la température critique, au delà de laquelle la phase vapeur et la phase liquide sont indiscernables. Ce domaine des phases se situe hors de notre sujet d'étude, étant donné que ces conditions ne se rencontrent jamais dans le cadre de notre étude, qui s'applique aux turbomachines hydrauliques.
11 Figure 2.5 – Diagramme des phases pour l'eau [53]
2.3.0.2 Jet rentrant
Le jet rentrant se manifeste dans la zone de fermeture de la poche de cavitation. La pression de la poche de cavité psat (T ), est inférieure aux pressions présentes dans l'écoulement global. La manifestation de ce phénomène de dépression se matérialise dans la partie aval de la poche de cavitation : le jet rentrant, qui est simplement l'écoulement attiré par les zones de pressions faibles, remonte l'écoulement le long de la paroi à laquelle est attachée la poche de cavitation. Figure 2.6 – Mécanisme du jet rentrant, [Franc, 2005]
Éventuellement, l'action du jet rentrant a pour conséquence de sectionner une part de la poche cavitante, qui est ensuite convectée par l'écoulement. La partie restant attachée se redéveloppe par la suite, pour éventuellement devenir assez importante pour que l'action du jet rentrant recommence selon le même principe. Ce mécanisme, qui, selon certaines conditions peut être 12 périodique, est schématisé dans la figure (2.7). Les images représentant le cycle complet sont extraites d'une simulation à l'ordre 1 de notre outil de calcul, et reprosuident les résultats exposés par Sauer et Schnerr [44] En 1, l'état initial et le début du cycle. En 2, La poche de cavité se développe. En 3, l'action du jet rentrant commence à sectionner la poche de cavitation. En 4, le jet rentrant a complètement sectionné la poche de cavitation, qui commence à être convectée en 5 et 6. La poche détachée est éventuellement recoupée pendant sa convection 7 et rétrécit 8 pour enfin imploser. Le cycle recommence de manière cyclique.
2.3.0.3 Collapse du nuage de vapeur
Un des aspects de la cavitation ayant un impact important sur les turbomachines est le collapse du nuage de vapeur. Lorsqu'une zone de la poche de cavité est convectée vers les zones de pression plus importantes, la bulle de cavité résultante n'est plus capable de supporter sa structure de part sa faible pression interne, nettement inférieure à la pression environnante. Ce fait a pour conséquence de faire diminuer la taille de la bulle de vapeur, jusqu'au point critique où celle-ci implose. Il en résulte des pressions assez élevées pour altérer la structure de la machine ou l' coulement sied, si ce collapse se produit proche d'une paroi. Une description approfondie de ce phénomène peut être trouvée dans les travaux de Shima et al. [52] : Hormis l'endommagement de matière résultant du collapse du nuage de vapeur, une autre conséquence du phénomène est la génération de bruit, qui découle des ondes de pression qui résultent du phénomène. Ces deux effets relationnés au collapse du nuage de vapeur sont des phénomènes dont la prédiction est importante dans de nombreuses applications, d'où la nécessite de pouvoir les prédire numériquement, ce qui n'est possible qu'en considérant l'eau liquide comme étant compressible. 20 3.2.1 Modèles basés sur des équations de liquide à bulles 20 3.2.2 Modèles à suivi d'interface.............. 21 3.2.3 Modèles bi-fluides.................. 21 3.2.4 Méthodes VOF.................... 21 3.2.5 Modèles d
'équilibre homo
gène............ 22
Dans le cadre des recherches effectuées durant ce travail de thèse, les caractéristiques recherchées parmi les modèles existants ont été une bonne prise en compte de la physique de la cavitation, une bonne robustesse, une bonne comptabilité avec la méthode des volumes finis, et enfin éviter une trop grande dépendance de paramètres empiriques. Les modèles de cavitation peuvent se classifier en quatre familles.
3.1 Méthodes numériques conventionnelles en CFD Introduction
Plusieurs méthodes sont usuellement utilisées en CFD pour résoudre les équations de la mécanique. Nous présentons ici les méthodes reposant sur 17 18 une discrétisation du domaine de calcul. Nous présentons ici la méthode des différences finies, des éléments finis, et des volumes finis. Chacune de ces méthodes a pour principe de transposer le domaine d'écoulement continu en un domaine de calcul discrétisé, constant par morceau. Après avoir introduit le principe de fonctionnement pour chacune de méthodes évoquées, nous discuterons des avantages et des inconvénients qu'elles présentent, et justifierons ainsi notre choix pour la méthode de discrétisation adoptée dans le cadre de cette thèse. 3.1.1 La méthode des différences finies a été initialement formulée par Euler au XVIIIème siècle. Elle représente une des méthodes numériques les plus utilisées pour la recherche de solutions approchées pour les systèmes d'équations de dérivées partielles. Elle est très simple à mettre en oeuvre, et permet une reconstruction avec des ordres de précision très élevés. La mise en place de la méthode des différences finies est formulée de la manière suivante : – Poser les équations sous leur forme différentielle. – Construire un maillage couvrant le domaine de calcul. – Discrétiser les équations différentielles et les approximer sur les noeuds du maillage. – Résoudre le système d'équations résultant sur le maillage. Figure 3.1 – Maillage 1D en différences finies
Ainsi, pour le maillage représenté, nous avons les développements de Taylor de la variable U(x) : Ui−1 = Ui − Ui+1 = Ui + ∂U ∂x ∂U ∂x ∆x + i ∆x + i ∂2U ∂x2 ∂2U ∂x2 i i ∆x2 + *** 2 (3.1) ∆x2 + *** 2 (3.2) En soustrayant les deux équations précédentes, nous obtenons une for- 19 mulation approximée au premier ordre : ∂U ∂x = i Ui+1 − Ui−1 + o(∆x) 2∆x (3.3) En les additionnant, nous obtenons une approximation du second ordre : ∂2U ∂x2 = i Ui+1 − Ui + Ui−1 + o(∆x2 ) ∆x2 (3.4) Il est facile de noter que l'ordre de reconstruction du développement de Taylor conditionne directement l'ordre d'approximation de U(x) et de ses dérivées. La méthode des différences finies a l'avantage de formuler avec simplicité des schémas d'ordres élevés. Cependant, sa faiblesse réside dans le fait qu'elle n'est applicable qu'à des maillages structurés. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons particulièrement à des géométries complexes. Par conséquent, cette méthode n'est pas adaptée à notre champ d'application. 3.1.2 L'innovation des éléments finis, est de remplacer le problème continu initial en un problème sous formulation variationnelle, obtenue en intégrant le produit scalaire de l'équation de conservation par une fonction test. En effectuant des intégrations par partie, la régularité requise pour les inconnues est affaiblie, ou des termes de bord correspondant aux conditions limites du problème apparaissent. La force cette méthode est principalement sa robustesse de part sa formulation basée sur des fondements mathématiques rigoureux. Cependant, c'est une méthode coûteuse en calcul, non conservative. De plus, il est délicat d'obtenir des ordres élevés. 3.1.3 La méthode des volumes finis fonctionne sur une discrétisation des lois de conservation qui se trouvent naturellement satisfaites dans chaque volume de contrôle. Elle permet l'utilisation de maillages structurés et non structurés. Cependant, la difficulté de cette méthode réside dans le calcul des flux à des hauts ordres de précision, notamment dans le cas des maillages non structurés. Cette méthode est la méthode que nous utilisons dans le cadre de cette thèse, et sera décrite plus en détail par la suite de ce rapport.
3.2 Modèles pour la simulation de la cavitaion
La simulation de la cavitation a évolué de pair avec les ressources informatiques. La complexité du phénomène rend sa modélisation difficile. De plus, la plupart des stratégies pour sa modélisation sont basées sur des paramètres empiriques, et nécessitent ainsi que les recherches expérimentales soient adaptées aux conditions d'écoulements cavitants. Depuis le début du siècle, où Rayleigh [40], dès 1917, étudiait l'implosion d'une poche vide dans un volume liquide, la simulation de la cavitation est devenu une préoccupation majeure. Sa principale difficulté réside dans la nécessité de traiter simultanément deux régions drastiquement différentes de l'écoulement : une partie à caractère incompressible de l'écoulement, où la phase liquide est prédominante (la majorité du domaine), et une partie hautement compressible de vapeur pure. De plus, la distinction entre les deux phase n'est pas forcément distincte, comme dans la zone de transition entre les phases vapeur et liquide dans la région de fermeture dans un écoulement cavitant. D'apres une classification du 22eme comité ITTC [1], la modélisation de la cavitation peut se classifier en cinq catégories : 3.2.1 Modèles basés sur des équations de liquide à bulles Ces modèles de cavitation prennent en compte la naissance de la cavitation en utilisant une formule empirique qui comprend les forces de portance, de traı̂née et d'inertie de l'écoulement. Cette méthode considère une ou plusieurs bulles de cavité, qui grandissent et collapsent dans le champ de pression. Le modèle le plus connu appartenant à cette catégorie est le modèle de Rayleigh-Plesset [40, 39]. 3.2.2 Modèles à suivi d'interface
Ce type de modélisation lagrangienne, comprenant la méthode "level set" et la méthode "marker particles" par exemple, suit l'interface entre le liquide et la vapeur, en se basant sur un critère de ligne de pression. On considère la région cavitante comme étant à pression constante, égale à la pression de saturation, qui dépend de la température. Ce type de modélisation est particulièrement bien adapté pour des écoulements où la structure cavitante reste attachée. Cependant, la partie de l'écoulement se situant dans la poche de cavité n'est pas prise en compte et reste donc indéterminée. De plus, cette méthode considère les phases en présence comme étant pure, ne prenant ainsi pas en compte les effets de gaz non condensables. Dans la littérature, nous citons notamment les travaux de Chen et Heister [10], Deshpande et al. [15], Sussman et al. [54].
3.2.3 Modèles bi-fluides
Cette catégorie désigne les modèles à deux phases (une phase liquide et une phase vapeur), qui peuvent chacune contenir plusieurs espèces. Ces modèles sont capables de prendre en compte les phénomènes de bulles de gaz non condensable. L'hypothèse sur laquelle repose ce type de méthode est que le fluide peut être présent sous sa phase vapeur et sa phase liquide simultanément. Chaque phase est considérée comme compressible, nécessitant ainsi une bonne description de leur état, par le biais d'une loi d'état adaptée pour toutes les phases, ou d'un groupe d'équations d'état. 3.2.4 Méthodes VOF
Les méthodes Volum of Fluid (VOF) ont initialement été proposées par Hirt et Nichols en 1981 [22]. Ce type de méthode peut se classifier comme une méthode de suivi d'interface. Elles traitent le transport de la fraction volumique de vapeur α, qui représente le rapport entre le volume occupé par la vapeur et le volume total de l'écoulement simulé. La méthode VOF standard est utilisée pour le suivi d'interfaces sans transition de phases (surface libre). Pour prendre en compte le phénomène de cavitation, ce modèle 22 nécessite l'inclusion d'une modélisation du changement de la fraction volumique de vapeur dont découlent les transitions de phases. Schnerr et Sauer [45] ont développé une méthode VOF incluant une dynamique des bulles basée sur le modèle de Rayleigh-Plesset. 3.2.5 Modèles d'équilibre homogène
Ce modèle, initialement formulé par Saurel et al. [47], Schmidt et al.[48], et sSchnerr et al.[50], en employant la conservation de la quantié de mouvement, de l'énergie, et de la continuité. Ce modèle considère que le fluide contient une unique phase, qui est homogène. Cette phase est un mélange entre les phases réelles liquide et vapeur. Chacune de ces phases pures doit être décrite par une équation d'état adaptée, de manière à ce que les équations qui gouvernent l'écoulement restent hyperboliques en temps et en espace. La principale hypothèse de ce modèle est que les différentes phases en présence sont à équilibres thermodynamique et mécanique dans tout le domaine de calcul. Les régions de l'écoulement où la cavitation a lieu, et où les deux phases peuvent coexister, le modèle renvoie une estimation de la masse volumique du mélange, à partir de laquelle une fraction volumique de vapeur est obtenue. Ce modèle de simulation de la cavitation est celui que nous avons opté d'utiliser dans le cadre du développement de notre modèle de cavitation. Il sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite de ce rapport.
Chapitre 4 Modélisation de la cavitation
Contents 4.1 4.2 Equations de conservation............. 24 4.1.1 Conservation de la masse.............. 24 4.1.2 Conservation de la quantité de mouvement.... 25 4.1.3 Conservation de l'énergie.............. 26 Modèle de cavitation....... 4.1 4.1.1 Equations de conservation Conservation de la masse
Considérons une phase k. La conservation de la masse pour cette phase s'écrit : ∂ρk αk uk,i ∂ρk αk + =0 ∂t ∂xi (4.2) Où αk représente la fraction volumique de la phase k, conformément à la définition (4.1). ρk représente la masse volumique de la phase k, uk la vitesse de la phase k. En considérant que le domaine d'écoulement est occupé par toutes les phases en présence, on a : X k αk = 1 (4.3) 25 En sommant toutes les équations de conservation de la masse pour chaque phase, on a ainsi : ∂ ∂t! X ρk αk k ∂ + ∂xi! X ρk αk uk,i =0 (4.4) k On définit la masse volumique du mélange comme : ρ= X ρk αk (4.5) k Si on considère le mouvement relatif entre les différentes phases comme étant nul, i.e : uk = u, l'équation de conservation de la masse pour le mélange (4.4) devient : ∂ρ ∂(ρui ) + ∂t ∂xi (4.6) On reconnaı̂t l'équation de conservation de la masse pour un écoulement monophasique. 4.1.2
Pour un écoulement
vis
queux, la conservation de la quantité de mou
vement
dans la
direction
j
pour la
phase k
s'écrit : ∂τk,i,j ∂ρk αk uk,j ∂ ∂αk pk + (ρk αk uk,j uk,i ) = − + + Fk,j ∂t ∂xi ∂xj ∂xi (4.7) Où Fk,j est la force appliquée à la phase k par les autres phases. Ce terme peut inclure les tensions de surface, la flottabilité, les forces dûes aux transferts de masse, etc τk,i,j est le tenseur des contraintes pour la phase k d'un fluide newtonien. Il s'écrit : τk,i,j = −Pk δi,j + μk ∂uk,i ∂uk,j ∂uk,i 2 + + κk − μk δi,j ∂xj ∂xi 3 ∂xj (4.8) κk et μk sont les viscosités volumiques et dynamiques de la phase k. δi,j est le symbole de Kronecker. Comme précédemment pour la conservation de la masse, et pour satisfaire l'équilibre mécanique du système, nous avons : 26 X Fk,j = 0 (4.9) k De la même manière que pour la masse volumique en (4.5), on définit la pression de la manière suivante : p= X αk pk (4.10) k En sommant les équations de conservation de quantité de mouvement de chaque phase dans la direction j, et en considérant comme précédemment que la vitesse relative entre chaque phase est nulle, nous avons : ∂τi,j ∂ρuj ∂ ∂p + (ρuj ui ) = − + ∂t ∂xi ∂xj ∂xi (4.11) On retrouve l'équation de conservation de la quantité de mouvement pour un écoulement monophasique. 4.1.3 On néglige les forces de gravité. L'énergie interne de la phase k s'écrit comme la somme de l'énergie interne et de l'énergie cinétique : 1 Ek = ek + ~uk * ~uk 2 (4.12) Selon Brennen [9], le premier principe de la thermodynamique peut s'écrire pour chaque phase de la manière suivante : Taux d'accroissement de chaleur
pour la phase k de
puis
l'
extérieur :
Qk + Taux de travail apporté à la phase k par l'environnement mitoyen : Wk − Taux de travail apporté à la phase k par les contraintes extérieures + Taux de chaleur apporté à la phase k par les autres phases : QMk + Taux de travail apporté à la phase k par les autres phases : WMk = Taux d'accroissement de l'énergie totale dans la phase k + Flux net d'énergie totale de la phase k
Chacun de ces termes est évalué dans un volume de contrôle. On peut déjà écrire les deux derniers termes de la forme suivante : 27 ∂ ∂ (ρk αk Ek uk,i ) (ρk αk Ek ) + ∂t ∂xi (4.13) Le taux d'accroissement de chaleur pour la phase k depuis l'extérieur Qk est négligé, ainsi que le taux de travail apporté à la phase k par l'environnement mitoyen Wk. 4.2
Dans la section précédente, nous avons énoncé les principes du modèle de cavitation du mélange homogène, et nous avons fermé le système d'équations qui le compose par des équations d'états adaptées à chacune de ses phases, qui traitent le liquide compressible, la phase mélange compressible, et la phase de vapeur pure compressible. Il s'agit maintenant de définir les paramètres de transition de phase. Nous nous basons sur les travaux de Schmitt [49] pour relier la température et la pression de saturation, et les masses volumiques de saturation pour le liquide et pour la vapeur avec la température lors de la transition de phase : ln psat (T ) pc 7 Tc X T âi = ai 1 − T Tc (4.22) i 7 ρl,sat (T ) X T b̂i = bi 1 − ρc Tc (4.23) 7 ρv,sat (T ) X T ĉi = ci 1 − ρc Tc (4.24) i i pc et Tc sont la pression critique et la température critique respective- 29 ment. ρc est la masse volumique critique. Pour l'eau, ces paramètres valent : pc = 22, 120.106 P a Tc = 647, 16K ρc = 322kg.m−3 Les coefficients ai, âi, bi, b̂i, ci et ĉi sont résumés dans le tableau 4.2. i ai
âi bi b̂i ci ĉi 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 -7,85823 1 1,99206 1/3 -2,02957 2/6 3 1,83991 3/2 1,10123 2/3 -2,68781 4/6 4 -11,7811 3 -0,512506 5/3 -5,38107 8/6 5 22,6705 7/2 -1,75263 16/3 -17,3151 18/6 6 -15,9393 4 -45,4485 43/3 -44,6384 37/6 15/2 −6, 75615.105 110/3 -64,3486 71/6
Figure 4.1 – Pression de saturation 4.2.1 Phase vapeur (α = 1) Equation d'état
Pour fermer le système d'équations, nous utilisons pour la phase vapeur l'équation d'état des gaz parfaits : 30
Figure 4.2 – Densités de saturation pv = (γ − 1)(ρv ev ) (4.25) Avec γ le coefficient adiabatique. Pour la vapeur d'eau, γ = 1.327.
L'équation de l'énergie associée à l'équation d'état est la suivante : ev = Cvv (Tv − T0 ) + Lv (T0 ) + el0 (4.26) Où Lv (T0 ) = 2, 753.106 Jkg −1 K −1 est la chaleur latente de vaporisation, el0 = 617Jkg −1 l'énergie interne de vaporiation à la température de référence T = T0 = 273.15K. 4.2.2 Phase liquide (α = 0) Equation d'état
Pour la phase liquide, nous choisissons de fermer le système d'équations avec la loi de Tait modifiée, en suivant le protocole décrit par Saurel et al. [47]. La pression est ainsi reliée à la température par : " pl = K0 ρ ρl,sat (T ) N # − 1 + Psat (Tl ) (4.30) K0 et N sont des constantes dépendantes du fluide en question. Pour l'eau, K0 = 3, 3.108 P a, et N = 7, 15. Cette équation permet de considérer un état pur comme étant la composante saturée d'un écoulement multiphasique. D'après Saurel et al. [47], l'équation de l'énergie peut s'utiliser pour l'eau sous la forme simplifiée suivante :
el
(
Tl
)
=
Cvl (Tl − T0 ) + el0 (4.31)
Avec le coefficient de chaleur spécifique à volume constant de l'eau liquide Cvl = 4180Jkg
−1
K −1. La température de la phase liquide est alors :
Tl = el − el0 + T0 Cvl (4.32)
Viscosité
Nous modélisons la viscosité dynamique de l'eau liquide par la relation de Vogel : μl = A * 10B/Tl −C (4.33) 32 Pour l'eau, nous avons les paramètres empiriques : A = 2, 414.10−5 P a.s, B = 247, 8K, et C = 140K. | common_corpus | {'identifier': '27/pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr-pastel-00841764-document.txt_1', 'collection': 'French-Science-Pile', 'open_type': 'Open Science', 'license': 'Various open science', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '5943', 'token_count': '9821', '__index_level_0__': '14470', 'original_id': '0cd64c6d8598fccaad193af81fcc106563a0b9f088915ceb9b6a2396b40455ca'} |
Ramciel as the Capital of South Sudan: An Urgent Call to Involve Aliab Community in the Decision Making Process
NEBRASKA, USA - In light of the recent news coming out of Juba, the government of the Republic of South Sudan is said to have resolved the outstanding issue of capital city. The issue of nation’s capital had become a showdown between Bari tribe of Juba and the government. The government wants the jurisdictions of Juba city whereas the Bari came to resist the move. This ideological difference put our government in constant search to relocate the capital or make a compromise deal with Bari. In that search, named area Ramciel came up and the place was accessed and surveyed for nation’s capital relocation. A tasked committee that was formed visited this area for assessments. The committee was then headed by former Vice President (Riek Machar). The findings by this committee lack input from the local communities. NOTE: Not involving local communities in this important issue may result in severe misunderstanding with the government as we embark on this journey together.
The committee came with its final findings and presented it to the office of the president. The president and his cabinet acted as our seat of government could not be held hostage because of Juba dilemma. The busy seat of government of the Republic of South Sudan has a lot of challenges since everything in this newest country is started somewhere and progress to meet the challenges being faced.
In this aspect, the cabinet had resolved the issue of Juba and named Ramciel the "NO MAN-LAND"as our nation’s capital. Juba campaign of land confiscation and other claims where all put to rest and the journey to Zion land would be executed immediately by the New Committee-headed by the First Vice President Taban Deng Gai. Once again, as evidence by the "no man-land" mentality in Juba; the government willfully left the local communities in the cold by not naming them in the newly formed committee.
As such, we are thrilled to add what is missing in the report and to the decision already being made, because there is no mentioning of geographical location of Ramciel but a vague Lakes state just keep coming up. Even at a time of final announcement of relocation, there was no mentioning of exact location of Ramciel and one would wonder to ask where this no man-land is located? Perhaps, the whole plan was made and kept consistent as nobody has right to know.
Today is right as it was for yesterday and is a reason why we want to make correction before tomorrow comes. Indeed, a place called Ramciel exists and inhabited by Aliab Dinka (Awerial North and South counties of Eastern Lake state. The official name of this place is Kur Amen Bit Ayok-kuac and Kur Mabor-Lek (Ramciel). This place is accessible during rainy season and is a pasture land. So, making it as a city mean clearing out pastoral land for their livestock and encouraging poverty as a mean to exist. Nevertheless, the place served ambition vision for our late leader Dr. John Garang when he made a visiting to the area and said “this is Ramciel our future capital of the Republic”. Dr. Garang made this quotation to reference the uniqueness of the place where its geographical location is the HEART of South Sudan. This is a short tale of a big story that shall be learned later. Also, it was on this very place that he said he shall take the towns to the people.
Unlike Juba, news of Ramciel as our nation’s capital was received with jubilations by some South Sudanese who are tired of government activities being held hostage by Bari tribe. In the same token are curiosities of the place and the reaction(s) of very people who owned the land (Aliab Dinka). Whether Aliab people receive the news of Ramciel akin to the rest of the South Sudanese is another issue the government must explore. Perhaps, mix reactions because the panel that accessed and surveyed the area did not indeed have contact with a paramount chief and local chiefs of Awerial counties and clarifications are needed since lack of information leads to more misunderstanding as mentioned earlier. Since a decision had been reached and met with no resistance and complaint from Aliab people, our gratitude and heart-felt thanks go to the humble people of Awerial counties.
Now is the time for government to clarify the package being offered to this community as there is anticipation to get something done for our newest Nation? A meaningful package shall grant Aliab community the jurisdictions of land allocation and city governance. These packages shall transfer Awerial counties out of Eastern Lake state and grant it special autonomy where Ramciel shall serve both as nation’s capital and county administrative center. This way, a fair and balance Ramciel shall persist and reign to serve the interest of South Sudanese at large, just to mention a few.
In conclusion, the government needs to adopt effective ways of communication with locals of this community so that a mutual understanding and mutual interest is in place. A mutual understanding that shall adhere to this community’s views must be implemented before it is too late. Because Aliab people unlike other tribes in South Sudan are not represented in the president’s cabinet; we shall hope this persistence misrepresentation would not result to a willful ignorance to the needs of Aliab community. Aliab people are very peaceful and have been the stoic supporter for this government. We hope that President Kiir hear out their voices of frustrations.
Ramciel as a capital city will have significant effects not only to Aliab people but also to neighboring people of Tali, Yirol, and Jonglei. These effects are to be met by locals with mutual understanding among neighboring communities this way a good system of government is in place. This paper is attest to the public and to anyone who is concern to know the logic behind Ramciel city. As concerned citizens, we put this paper on line as a reference to the historical aspect of Ramciel land and the right to know whose this “Land” belongs.
Jok de Ajak Akech and Garang Aguto Gong are concerned natives of Eastern Lakes State. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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Oyaki -Nagano’s most popular traditional foods-
• -
Do you know Oyaki (おやき)? Oyaki is Nagano prefecture’s traditional food. Especially the north area of Nagano prefecture. Oyaki is bun using flour stuffed with many kinds of ingredients. Oyaki is popular among local people as a dish, staple food, snacks.
Many kinds of ingredients are mainly vegetables made in local. Seasonal vegetables and wild vegetable seasons with Miso or soy sauce.
Oyaki’s recipe
How to make Oyaki? It is different in each store. Oyaki has many kinds of recipe however called like same. For example “boiled Oyaki”,” baked Oyaki”,” fried Oyaki”, Fried and baked Oyaki”,” baked in ash Oyaki” and more. Especially unique is “baked in ash Oyaki”. It is boiled in ash after baked outside. Outside is hard and inside is soft. The recipe has a long history and many people loved it. But now it is difficult to buy at the store because hygienic and taking time and effort. If you find selling “baked in ash Oyaki”, you are lucky!
Nozawana Oyaki
Next, I introduce ingredients. A popular one is “Nozawana” and “eggplant”. What is Nozawana? Nozawana is a Japanese vegetable named from Nozawaonnsen village, most north place of Nagano prefecture. It is leaves of a turnip. Nozawana often used pickles. Probably you meet Nozawana pickles at Japanese side dish. When Nozawana used as ingredients for Oyaki, pickled or with miso.
Oyaki is vegan food
In Japan, it is difficult to find vegan food. Oyaki has attracted attention to vegan food. Oyaki’s bun used flour and water and salt or sugar as a seasoning. (Please be careful allergies, a part of shop’s Oyaki using buckwheat flour for bun). Ingredients are basically vegetables and seasoning only. If you are worried, ask the shop staff.
Let’s eat Japanese foods Oyaki!
The writer was work at the local Oyaki shop. Then many foreigners come to buy Oyaki. For local people, the most famous taste is Nozawana. But for foreigners, the most famous is the mushroom. Oyaki is reasonable (one is \100 to \200) and easy to eat. You should try to eat many kinds of Oyaki!
Northern Alps in Nagano
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"Get knowledge to enjoy Nagano!"
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Q:
Database table unresponsive while insert/updates run using Entity Framework w/ SqlBulkCopy
I'm using Entity Framework 5 on .NET 4.5 with SQL Server 2012. I have a function that downloads a lot of data from a 3rd party source and parses it into my database. It downloads, parses to my entities and inserts/updates to my db in batches of 2,500 records.
For the insert/update to my database, I'm making use of the SqlBulkCopy class. When it is doing the insert/update to my database, the table it's inserting/updating to seems to be partially unresponsive. If I run a simple select query from SSMS it will pull some records and then hang until the app has finished the bulk insert/update. This data in my db is fed to multiple sources via WCF service and if I try to load the data at one of the sources, it times out due to the database not responding with the data. Once the insert/update finishes, the WCF service and SSMS queries both continue to run fine.
I thought this may be due to the SqlBulkCopy so I removed the use of that class and just called a context.SaveChanges() which produces the exact same result. I then ran a test taking EF completely out of the picture and used classic ADO.NET (without SqlBulkCopy) and everything works great. I plugged the SqlBulkCopy back in, left EF out, and again, the table seems to be locked until it finishes.
So I am assuming the culprit here is both EF and SqlBulkCopy. Any ideas on how I can get around this and still use EF and SqlBulkCopy? or what may be causing this to happen?
I don't think examples of my code are necessary here, but if you would like to see, just let me know. Thanks in advance.
A:
I'm thinking this is because of transactions. When you use SqlBukCopy or context.SaveChanges(), the inserts happen within a transaction. When you replaced that code with classic ADO.NET, did you wrap the inserts in a transaction or did you let each Insert occur inside it's own implicit transaction?
When a transaction is pending, it locks portions of the table being updated. If it inserts enough data, it might lock a lot of pages in the table or the whole table (this is called lock escalation).
The best way around this is to split the update into smaller chunks. There are a few other options (e.g. reading uncommitted data, etc.) but those have significant downsides and should typically be avoided.
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Tell the time is here to help and enable pupils tell the time in digital and analouge. The digital clock will display a time and students will be tasked with getting the correct analouge time. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.917300283908844}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47326', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZV735NJJLG33NEHTPZ52JPHXX3DO2X2T', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:026a7518-d2f0-439e-ba40-152c6b38db01>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 17, 1, 27, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.53.59.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KJWTATGLNOK35S7RB4FA2M5LKD23JJF4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2100c735-bb9d-4a8d-8a9a-c29ed88fc0c9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://senify.co.uk/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f323e8dd-b21a-4ef1-b1b4-5c92628222f0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '123', 'url': 'https://senify.co.uk/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-127-157.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6568650007247925', 'original_id': '04c341f4cc16ea39f59fefe5810b73bf0f4d490b478aa019f62d9ec8793f7786'} |
" What though I have skill to ensnare, Where Smarts in bright circles abound ; What tho' at St. James's at prayers, Beaux ogle devoutly around : Fond virgin, thy power is lost On a race of rude Hottentot brutes ; What glory in being the toast Of noisy dull 'squires in boots ? " And thou, my companion, so dear, My all that is left of relief. Whatever I suffer, forbear — Forbear to dissuade me from grief: 'Tis in vain then, you '11 say, to repine At ills which cannot be redress'd, But in sorrows so pungent as mine, To be patient, alas ! is a test. "■ If, farther to soothe my distress, Thy tender compassion is led, Call Jenny to help me undress, And decently put me to bed. The last humble solace I wait, Would Heaven indulge me the boon. Some dream less unkind than my fate In a vision transport me to Town. VOL. III. 2 E 418 POEMS. " Clarissa, meantime, weds a beau, Who decks her in golden array ; The finest at every fine show, And flaunts it at Park and at Play ; Whilst here we are left in the lurch, Forgot and secluded from view, Unless when some bumpkin at church Stares wistfully over the pew." I SONG. Why should you think I live unpleas'd, Because I am not pleas'd with you ? My mind is not so far diseas'd, To yield when powder'd fops pursue. My vanity can find no charm In common prostituted vows ; Nor can you raise a wish that 's warm In one that your true value knows. While cold and careless thus I shun The buzz and flutter that you make. Perhaps some giddy girl may run To catch the prize that I forsake. So brightly shines the glittering glare, In unexperienc'd children's eyes, When they with little arts ensnare The gaudy painted butterflies. While they with pride the conquest boast, And think the chase deserving care^ Those scorn the useless toil they cost Who 're us'd to more substantial fare. POEMS, 419 SONG— RONDEAU. Finish these languors I Oh I I'm sick, Of dying airs I know the trick ; Long since I 've learn'd to well explain Th' unmeaning cant of fire and pain, And see through all the senseless lies Of burning darts from killing eyes ; I 'm tir'd with this continual rout Of bowing low, and leading out. Finish, &c. Finish this tedious dangling trade. By which so many fools are made ; For fools they are, whom you can please By such affected airs as these : At opera near my box to stand, And slyly press the given hand, Thus may you wait whole years in vain ; But sure you would, were you in pain. Finish, &c. EPITHALAMIUM. Since you, Mr. H**d, will marry black Kate, Accept of good wishes for that blessed state : May you fight all the day like a dog and a cat. And yet ev'ry year produce a new brat. Falla! May she never be honest — you never be sound ; May her tongue like a clapper be heard a mile round ; Till abandon'd by joy, and deserted by grace. You hang yourselves both in the very same place. Fal la ! 2 e2 420 POEMS. THE NINTH ODE OF THE THIRD BOOK OF HORACE IMITATED. 1736. " Donee gratus eram tibi." SIR ROBERT WALPOLE. Whilst in each of my schemes you most heartily join'd, And help'd the worst jobs that I ever design'd, In pamphlets, in ballads, in senate, at table, Thy satire was witty, thy counsel was able. WILLIAM PULTENEY. Whilst with me you divided both profit and care. And the plunder and glory did equally share ; Assur'd of his place, if my fat friend should die, The Prince of Wales was not so happy as I. SIR ROBERT WALPOLE. Harry Pelham is now my support and delight, Whom we bujgible all day, and we joke on at night ; His head is well furnish'd, his lungs have their merit, I would venture a rope to advance such a spirit. WILLIAM PULTENEY. I too have a Harry more useful than yours, Writes verses like mad, and will talk you whole hours ; I would bleed by the hatchet, or swing by the cord, To see him once more in his robes, like a lord. SIR ROBERT WALPOLE. But what if this quarrel was kindly made up, Would you, my dear Willy, accept of a sup ? If the queen should confess you had long been her choice, And you knew it was I who had spoke in her voice? POEMS. 421 WILLIAM PULTENEY. Though my Harry 's so gay, so polite, and so civil. You rude as a bear, and more proud than the devil,^ I gladly would drop him, and laugh in your ear At the fools we have made for this last dozen year. A SUMMARY OF LORD LYTTLETON's ADVICE TO A LADY. " The counsels of a friend, Belinda, hear," &c. Be plain in dress, and sober in your diet ; In short, my deary, kiss me ! and be quiet. SONG. Why will Delia thus retire. And languish life away ? While the sighing crows admire, 'Tis too soon for hartshorn tea. All these dismal looks and fretting Cannot Damon's life restore ; Long ago the worms have eat him, You can never see him more. Once again consult your toilet, In the glass your face review ; So much weeping sure will spoil it. And no spring your charms renew. I, like you, was born a woman. Well I know what vapours mean I The disease, alas ! is common, Single we have all the spleen. 422 POEMS. All the morals tliat they teach us Never cured sorrow yet : Choose among the pretty fellows One of humour, youth, and wit. Prithee hear him ev'ry morning, At the least an hour or two ; Once again at night returning, I believe the dose will do. THE SAME, TRANSLATED BY LADY M. W. MONTAGU. Recipe per rExcellentissima Signora Chiara Michelli. Vi consigliate con lo specchio, e il vostro Viso niirate — lagrime cotante Lo guasteranno, ed i perduti vezzi Non avranno altra primavera. lo nacqui, Donna, qual voi, e so qual voi la forza Che hanno i vapori e infirmita commune : Tutte abbia m raal di milza, e non sanaro Delle moral le massime piu saggi Gli minimi neppur de' nostri guai. II piii amabile voi tra tanti amanti Sceglier vi piaccia, e sopra tutto quello Chi piu degli altri ha gioventude e spirito ; lo vi prego d'udirlo un ora al giorno, Ed un altra la sera, c questa dose Sia bastante rimedio al vostro male. POEMS. 423 THE POLITICIANS. In ancient days when every brute To humble privilege had right ; Could reason, wrangle, or dispute, As well as scratch, and tear, and bite ; When Phoebus shone his brightest ray, The rip'ning corn his pow'r confess'd ; His cheering beams made Nature gay, The eagle in his warmth was blest. But malecontents e'en then arose. The birds who love the dolesorae night ; The darkest grove with care they chose, And there caball'd against the light. The screech-owl, with ill-boding cry. Portends strange things, old women say ; Stops ev'ry fool that passes by. And frights the schoolboy from his play. The raven and the double bat, With families of owls combine ; In close consult they rail and chat. And curse aloud the glorious shine. While the great planet, all serene, Heedless pursues his destin'd way. He asks not what these murmurs mean, Hut runs his course, and gives us day. 424 POEMS. BALLAD, ON A LATE OCCURRENCE. AMONG LADY M. W. MONTAGL's MSS. Ungodly papers ev'ry week Poor simple souls persuade That courtiers good for nothing are. Or but for mischief made. But I who know their worth_y hearts, Pronounce that we are blind, Who disappoint their honest schemes, Who would be just and kind. For in this vile degen'rate age 'Tis dang'rous to do good ; Which will, when I have told my tale, Be better understood. A puppy, gamesome, blithe, and young, Who play'd about the court. Was destin'd by unlucky boys. To be their noonday's sport. With flatt'ring words they him entic'd, (Words such as much prevail !) And then with cruel art they ty'd A bottle to his tail. Lord Hervey at a window stood. Detesting of the fact; And cried aloud with all his might, " I know the bottle 's crack'd. " Do not to such a dirty hole Let them your tail apply ; Alas ! you cannot know these things One half so well as L POEMS. 425 " Harmless and young, you don't suspect The venom of this deed ; But I see through the whole design, — It is to make you bleed." This good advice was cast away; The puppy saw it shine ; And tamely lick'd their treach'rous hands, And thought himself grown fine. But long he had not worn the gem. But, as Lord Hervey said. He ran and bled ; the more he ran, Alas ! the more he bled. Griev'd to the soul, this gallant lord Tripp'd hastily down stairs ; With courage and compassion fir'd. To set him free prepares. But such was his ingratitude To this most noble lord, He bit his lily hand quite through, As he untied the cord. Next day the Maids of Honour came. As 1 heard people tell ; They wash'd the wound with brinish tears, — And yet it is not well. Oh ! gen'rous youth, my counsel take. And warlike acts forbear ; Put on white gloves, and lead folks out, — For that is your affair.* Never attempt to take away Bottles from others' tails, For that is what no soul will bear From Italy to Wales. * Lord Hervey was at that time vice-cliamberlain. 426 POEMS. I SONG. Blame not that love, too cruel fair. Which your own charms did first create; Blame not my silence and despair, — Such crimes can ne'er deserve your hate : Why should your eyes first stir desire ? Your matchless wit, why fan the fire ? Repentance comes too late. Vain are the vows that you complain Are to another fondly made ; All your advice to me 's as vain ; You must not — cannot be obey'd ; My heart can't change, though you command, Nor can my heart obey your hand ; Love's power none can evade ! LINES WRITTEN UNDER THE PICTURE OF COLONEL CHARLES CHURCHILL,* BY LADY iMARY WORTLEY MONTAGU. Still hovering round the fair at fifty-four, Unfit to love, unable to give o'er ; A flesh-fly that just flutters on the wing. Awake to buzz, but not alive to sting. Brisk where he cannot, backward where he can, The teasing ghost of the departed man. * From a 4to MS. of Political Songs, &:c. collected by Lady Mary Finch, Lord Aylesford's daughter, who married Lord Andover, and was mother of the twelfth Kai] of Suflblk. Dated 20th June, 1733 ; now in the possession of Cliarlcs Kiikpatrick Sluupe, Escj. POEMS. 427 VERSES, WRITTEN IN A GARDEN. See how that pair of billing doves With open murmurs own their loves ; And, heedless of censorious eyes, Pursue their unpolluted joys : No fears of future want molest The downy quiet of their nest : No int'rest join'd the happy pair, Securely blest in Nature's care, While her dear dictates they pursue ; For constancy is Nature too. Can all the doctrine of our schools, Our maxims, our religious rules, Can learning to our lives ensure Virtue so bright, or bliss so pure ? The great Creator's happy ends Virtue and pleasure ever blends : In vain tlie church and court have try'd Th' united essence to divide ; Alike they find their wild mistake. The pedant priest and giddy rake. SONG. Fond wishes you pursue in vain. My heart is vow'd away and gone ; Forbear thy sighs, too, lovely swain, Those dying airs that you put on ! Go try on other maids your art, Ah! leave this lost unworthy heart, But you must leave it soon. 428 POEMS. Such sighs as these you should bestow On some unpractis'd bloonihig fair ; Where rosy youth doth warmly glow, Whose eyes forbid you to despair. Not all thy wond'rous charms can move A heart that must refuse your love. Or not deserve your care. IMPROMPTU, TO A YOUNG LADY SINGING. Sing, gentle maid — reform my breast. And soften all my care ; Thus may I be some moments blest. And easy in despair. The pow'r of Orpheus lives in you ; You can the passions of my soul subdue. And tame the lions and the tigers there. ADVICE. Cease, fond shepherd — cease desiring What you never must enjoy ; She derides your vain aspiring. She to all your sex is coy. Cunning Damon once pursu'd her, Yet she never would incline ; Strephon too as vainly woo'd her, Though his flocks are more than thine. At Diana's shrine aloud, By the zone around her waist, Thrice she bow'd, and thrice she vow'd Like the Goddess to be chaste. POEMS. 429 ANSWER. Though I never got possessior, 'Tis a pleasure to adore ; Hope, the wretch's only blessing, May in time procure me more. Constant courtship may obtain her, — Where both wealth and merit fail. And the lucky minute gain her, — Fate and fancy must prevail. At Diana's shrine aloud, By the bow and by the quiver, Thrice she bow'd, and thrice she vovv'd. Once to love — and that for ever. EPISTLE TO LORD HERVEY, ON THE KING'S BIRTH-DAY. FROM THE COUNTRY, Where I enjoy in contemplative chamber, Lutes, laurels, seas of milk, and ships of amber. Through shining crowds you now make way. With sideling bow and golden key ; While wrapt in spleen and easy chair, For all this pomp so small my care, I scarce remember who are there. Yet in brocade I can suppose The potent Knight * whose presence goes At least a yard before his nose : And majesty with sweeping train. That does so many yards contain, ^ Sir Robert Walpole. f 430 POEMS. I Superior to her waiting nymphs, As lobster to attendant shrimps. I do not ask one word of news, Which country damsels much amuse. If a new batch of lords appears, After a tour of half six years. With foreign airs to grace the nation. The Maids of Honour's admiration ; Whose bright improvements give surprise To their own lady-mothers' eyes : Improvements, such as colts might shew. Were mares so mad to let them go ; Their limbs perhaps a little stronger, Their manes and tails grown somewhat longer. I would not hear of ball-room scuffles, Nor what new whims adorn the ruffles. This meek epistle comes to tell, On Monday, I in town shall dwell ; Where, if you please to condescend In Cavendish-square to see your friend, I shall disclose to you alone Such thoughts as ne'er were thought upon. AN ANSWER TO A LADY, WHO ADVISED LADY M. W. MONTAGU TO RETIRE. You little know the heart that you advise : I view this various scene with equal eyes ; In crowded court I find myself alone. And pay my worship to a nobler throne. Long since the value of this world I knew ; Pity'd the folly, and despis'd the shew ; Well as I can, my tedious part I bear, And wait dismissal without pain or fear. POEMS. 431 Seldom I mark mankind's detested ways, Not hearing censure or affecting praise ; And unconcern'd my future fate I trust To that sole Being, merciful and just I WRITTEN AT LOUVERE, OCTOBER 1730, If age and sickness, poverty and pain, Should each assault me with alternate plagues, I know mankind is destin'd to complain. And I submit to torment and fatigues. The pious farmer, who ne'er misses pray'rs, With patience suffers unexpected rain ; He blesses Heav'n for what its bounty spares. And sees, resign'd, a crop of blighted grain. But, spite of sermons, farmers would blaspheme, If a star fell to set their thatch on flame. CONCLUSION OF A LETTER TO A FRIEND, SENT FROM ITALY, 1741. But happy you from the contagion free. Who, through her veil, can human nature see ; Calm you refiect, amid the frantic scene, On the low views of those mistaken men. Who lose the short invaluable hour. Through dirt-pursuing schemes of distant pow'r : Whose best enjoyments never pay the chace. But melt like snow within a warm embrace. Believe me, friend, for such indeed are you, Dear to my heart, and to my int'rest true ; Too much already have you thrown away, Too long sustain'd the labour of the day; 1 432 POEMS. Enjoy die remnant ofdcelining light, Nor wait for rest till overwhelm'd in night. By present pleasure balance pain you 've past. Forget all systems, and indulge your taste. TO THE SAME. Wherever Fortune points my destin'd way, If my capricious stars ordain my stay In gilded palace, or in rural scene, While breath shall animate this frail machine, My heart sincere, which never flatt'ry knew. Shall consecrate its warmest wish to you. A monarch compass'd by a suppliant crowd, Prompt to obey, and in his praises loud. Among those thousands who on smiles depend. Perhaps has no disinterested friend. WRITTEN AT LOUVERE, 1735. Wisdom, slow product of laborious years, The only fruit that life's cold winter bears ; Thy sacred seeds in vain in youth we lay, By the fierce storm of passion torn away. Should some remain in a rich gen'rous soil. They long lie hid, and must be rais'd with toil ; Faintly they struggle with inclement skies, No sooner born than the poor planter dies. LINES WRITTEN IN A BLANK PAGE OF MILTON'S PARADISE LOST. This happy pair a certain bliss might prove, Confined to constancy and mutual love : Heaven to one object limited their vows, The only safety fiiitliless Nature knows. POEMS. 433 God saw the wand'ring appetite would range, And would have kept them from the power to change ; But falsehood, soon as man increased, began ; Down through the race the swift contagion ran. All ranks are tainted, all deceitful prove, False in all shapes, but doubly false in love. This makes the censure of the world more just. That damns with shame the weakness of a trust ! Ere change began, our sex no scandal knew, All nymphs were chaste as long as swains were true ; But now, tho' by the subtlest art betray'd, We 're so by custom and false maxims sway'd That infamy still brands the injured maid. VOL. III. ~ F APPENDIX. In the "Letters from Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Mann," lately published, and which were edited by the late Lord Dover, there are two passages relating to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu which require some notice, in order that the real state of the facts to which they refer may be known, as far as possible. The first of these is to be found in Letter 231, dated Mistley, August 31, 1751, and is in these words : — " Pray, tell me if you know anything of Lady Mary Wortley : we have an obscure story here of her being in durance in the Brescian or the Bergamesco ; that a young fellow tohom she set out with keeping has taken it into his head to keep her close prisoner, not permitting her to write or receive any letters but what he sees: he seems determined, if her husband should die, not to lose her as the Count lost my Lady O." And in the next let- ter he again alludes to this report. Among Lady Mary's papers there is a long paper, written in Italian, not by herself, giving an account of her having been detained for some time against her will, in a country-house belonging to an Italian count, and inha- bited by him and his mother. This paper seems to be drawn up either as a case to be submitted to a lawyer for his opinion, or to be produced in a court of law. There is nothing else to be found in Lady Mary's papers referring in the least degree to this circumstance. It would appear, however, that some sudi forcible detention as is alluded to did take place, probably for some pecuniary or inter- 2f2 436 APPENDIX. ested object ; but, like many of Horace Walpole"'s stories, he took care not to let this lose anything that might give it zest, and he therefore makes the person by whom Lady Mary was detained " a young fellow whom she set out with keeping." Now, at the time of this transaction taking place. Lady Mary was sixty-one years old. The reader, therefore, may judge for himself, how far such an imputation upon her is likely to be founded in truth, and will bear in mind that there was no indisposition upon the part of Horace Walpole to make insinuations of that sort against Lady Mary. The other passage is in Letter 232; and after saying that he had lately been at Woburn, where he had had an opportunity of seeing fifty letters of Lady Mary's to her sister Lady Mar, " whom she treated so liardly while out of her senses,"" Horace Walpole adds as fol- lows : — " Ten of the letters, indeed, are dismal lamenta- tions and frights on a scene of villainy of Lady Mary's, who having persuaded one Ruremonde, a Frenchman, and her lover, to entrust her with a large sum of money to buy stock for him, frightened him out of England by persuading him that Mr. Wortley had discovered the in- trigue, and would murder him ; and then would have sunk the trust. That not succeeding, and he threatening to print her letters, she endeavoured to make Lord Mar or Lord Stair cut his throat. Pope hints at these anec- dotes of her history in that line— ' Who starves a sister or denies a debt.' " Nothing whatever has been found to throw light upon the ill treatment of Lady Mar by Lady Mary ; and that accusation is supposed, by those who would probably have heard of it, if true, to be without foundation. But nine letters to Lady Mar relating to a transaction with a person APPENDIX. 437 whom Lady INIary calls " R., a Frenchman," are among the papers which have been communicated to the Editor, which must be the letters alluded to by Horace Walpole, although there appears to be one short of the number mentioned by him, possibly by mistake. In order that the reader may be enabled to see the actual grounds upon which a charge of so scandalous and heinous a character has been made by Mr. Walpole, these letters are now given to the public. They are in no degree interesting in any other respect ; but inasmuch as the fact of their exist- ence has been asserted in a publication wiiich has been generally read, and that their not being produced might be taken in some degree as an acknowledgment of the charge founded upon them, the Editor has thought it only fair that they should speak for themselves, and that Lady Mary*'s own account of that transaction should be known. These letters are without dates by which to fix the pre- cise periods at which they were written ; but as the fall of the South-Sea stock began in September 1720, they must have been written in the latter end of that year, or the beginning of 1721. No. L From the tranquil arid easy situation in which you left me, dear sister, I am reduced to that of the liighest degree of vexation, which I need not set out to you better than by the plain matter of fact, which I heartily wish I had told you long since; and nothing hindered me but a certain mauvaise honte whicli you are reasonable enough to forgive, as very natural, though not very excuseable where there is nothing to be asham- ed of; since I can only accuse myself of too much good-nature, 438 APPENDIX. or at worst of too mucli credulity, though I believe there never was more pains taken to deceive any body. In short, a person whose name is not necessary, because you know it, took all sorts of methods, during almost a year, to persuade me that there never was so extraordinary an attachment (or what you please to call it) as they had for me. This ended in coming over to make me a visit against my will, and, as was pretended, very much against their interest. I cannot deny I was very silly in giving the least credit to this stuff. But if people are so silly, you '11 own 'tis natural for any body that is good-natured to pity and be glad to serve a person they believe unhappy on their account. It came into my head, out of a high point of generosity (for which I wish myself hang'd), to do this creature all the good I possibly could, since 'twas impossible to make them happy their own way. I advised him very strenuously to sell out of the subscription, and in compliance to my advice he did so ; and in less than two days saw he had done very prudently. After a piece of service of this nature, I thought I could more decently press his departure, which his follies made me think necessary for me. He took leave of me with so many tears and grimaces (which I can't imagine how he could counterfeit) as really moved my compassion ; and I had much ado to keep to my first resolution of exacting his absence, which he swore would be his death. I told him that there was no other way in the world I would not be glad to serve him in, but that his extra- vagancies made it utterly impossible for me to keep him com- pany. He said that he would put into my hands the money I had won for him, and desired me to improve it, saying that if he had enough to buy a small estate, and retire from the world, 'twas all the happiness he hoped for in it. I represented to him that if he had so little money as he said, 'twas ridiculous to ha- zard it all. He reply'd that 'twas too little to be of any value, and he would either have it double or quit. After many objec- tions on my side and replies on his, I was so weak as to bfe over- come by his entreaties, and flattered myself also that I was \; APPENDIX. 439 doing a very heroic action, in trying to make a man's fortune tho' I did not care for his addresses. He left me with these imaginations, and my first care was to employ his money to the best advantage. I laid it all out in stock, the general discourse and private intelligence then scattered about being of a 'Treat rise. You may remember it was two or three days before the fourth subscription, and you were with me when I paid away the money to Mr. Benfield. I attributed this silence to his disinterested neglect of his money ; but, however, I resolved to make no more steps in his business without direct orders, after having been so unlucky. This occa- sioned many letters to no purpose ; but the very post after you left London, I received a letter from him, in which he told me that he had discovered all my tricks; that he was convinced I had all his money untouch'd ; and he would have it again or he would print all my letters to him; which tho', God knows, very innocent in the main, yet may admit of ill constructions, besides the nion- strousness of being exposed in such a manner. I hear from other people that he is liar enough to publish that I have borrowed ihe money from him ; though I have a note under his hand, by which he desires me to employ it in the funds, and acquits me of being answerable for the losses that may happen. At the same time, I have attestations and witnesses of the bargains I made, so that nothing can be clearer than my integrity in this business; but that does not hinder me from being in the utmost terror for the consequences (as you may easily guess) of his villainy ; 440 APPENDIX. the very story of whicli appears so monstrous to me, tliat I can hardly believe myself while I write it; tho' I omit (not to tire you) a thousand aggravating circumstances. 1 cannot forgive myself the folly of ever regarding one word he said ; and I see now that his lies have made me wrong several of my acquaintances, and you among the rest, for having said (as he told me) horrid things against me to him. 'Tis long since that your behaviour has acquitted you in my opinion ; but I thought I ought not to mention, to hurt him with you, what was per- haps more misunderstanding, or a mistake, than a designed lie. But he has very amply explained his character to me. What is very pleasant is, that, but two posts before, I received a letter from him full of higher flights than ever. I beg your pardon (dear sister) for this tedious account ; but you see how necessary 'tis for me to get my letters from this madman. Perhaps the best way is by fair means; at least, they ought to be first tried. I would have you, then, (my dear sister,) try to make the wretch sensible of the truth of what I advance, without asking for my letters, which 1 have already asked for. Perhaps you may make him ashamed of his infamous proceed- ings by talking of me, without taking notice that you know of his threats, only of my dealings. I take this method to be the most likely to work upon him. I beg you would send me a full and true account of this detestable affair (enclosed to Mrs. Murray). If I had not been the most unlucky creature in the world, his letter would have come while you were here, that I might have shewed you both his note and the other people's. I knew he was discontented, but was far from imagining a pos- sibility of this thing. I give you a great deal of trouble, but you see I shall owe you the highest obligation if you can serve me: the very endeavouring of it is a tie upon me to serve you the rest of my life and with eternal gratitude. APPENDIX. 441 No. II. I CANNOT forbear (dear sister) accusing you of unkindness that you take so little care of a business of the last conse- quence to me. R writ to me some time ago, to say if I would immediately send him 2000/. sterling, he would send me an acquittance. As this was sending him several hundreds out of my own pocket, I absolutely refused it ; and, in return, I have just received a threatening letter, to print I know not what stuff against me. I am too well acquainted with the world, (of which poor Mrs. Murray's affair is a fatal instance,) not to know that the most groundless accusation is always of ill consequence to a woman; besides the cruel misfortunes it may bring upon me in my own family. If you have any compas- sion either for me or my innocent children, I am sure you will try to prevent it. The thing is too serious to be delayed. I think, (to say nothing of either blood or affection,) that humanity and Christianity are interested in my preservation. I am sure I can answer for my hearty gratitude and everlasting acknow- ledgment of a service much more important than that of saving my life. No. III. I GIVE you many thanks (my dear sister) for the trouble you have given yourself in my affair ; but am afraid 'tis not yet effectual. I must beg you to let him know I am now at Twickenham, and that whoever has his procura- tion may come here on diverse pretences, but must by no means go to my house at London. I wonder you can think Lady Stafford has not writ to him : she shewed me a long plain letter to him several months ago ; as a demonstra- tion he received it, I saw his answer. 'Tis true she treated him with the contempt he deserved, and told him she would never give herself the trouble of writing again to so despicable 442 APPENDIX. a wretch. She is wilhng to do yet further, and write to the Duke of Villeroi about it, if I think it proper. R does nothing but he, and either does not, or will not, understand what is said to him. You will forgive me troubling you so often with this business ; the importance of it is the best excuse ; in short, 'tis joy or sorrow, peace or strife, 'Tis all the colour of remaining life. I can foresee nothing else to make me unhappy, and, I believe, shall take care another time not to involve myself in difficul- ties by an overplus of heroic generosity. I am, dear sister, ever yours, with the utmost esteem and affection. If I get over this cursed affair, my style may enliven. No. IV. Twicknam, Sept. 6. I HAVE just received your letter, dear sister; I am ex- treme sensible of your goodness, which I beg you to con- tinue. I am very glad to hear of the good health of your family ; and should be only more so, to be a witness of it, which I am not without some hopes of. My time is melted away here in almost perpetual concerts. I do not presume to judge, but I '11 assure you I am a very hearty as well as humble admirer. I have taken my little thread satin beauty into the house with me ; she is allowed by Bononcini to have the finest voice he ever heard in England. He and Mrs. Robinson and Senesino lodge in this village, and sup often with me : and this easy indolent life makes me the happiest thing in the world, if I had not this execrable affair still hanging over my head. I have consulted my lawyer, and he says I cannot, with safety to myself, deposit the money I have received into other hands, without the express order of R. ; and he is so unreasonable, that he will neither send a procuration to examine my accounts, or any order for me I APPENDIX. 443 to transfer liis stock to another name. I am heartily weary of the trust, which has given me so much trouble, and can rtever think myself safe till I am quite got rid of it : rather than be plagued any longer with the odious keeping, I am willing to abandon my letters to his discretion. I desire nothing more of him than an order to place his money in other hands, which methinks should not be so hard to obtain, since he is so dissatisfy 'd with my management ; but he seems to be bent to torment me, and will not even touch his money, because I beg it of him. I wish you would re- present these things to him ; for my own part, I live in so much uneasiness about it, I am sometimes weary of life itself. Mrs. Stoner will be a good person to send things by. I would have no black silk, having bought some. No. V. Dear Sister, — Having this occasion, I would not omit writing, though I have received no answer to my two last. The bearer is well acquainted with my affair, tho' not from me, till he mentioned it to me first, having heard it from those to whom R. had told it with all the false colours he pleased to lay on. I shewed him the formal commission I had to employ the money, and all the broker's testimonies taken before Delpecke, with his certificate. Your remon- strances have hitherto had so little effect, that R. will nei- ther send a letter of attorney to examine my accounts, or let me be in peace. I received a letter from him but two posts since, in which he renews his threats except 1 send him the whole sum, which is as much in my power as it is to send a million. I can easily comprehend that he may be ashamed to send a procuration, which must convince the world of all the lies which he has told. For my part, I am so willing to be rid of the plague of hearing from him, 444 APPENDIX. I desire no better than to restore him with all expedition the money I have in my hands; but I will not do it with- out a general acquittance in due form, not to have fresh demands every time he wants money. If he thinks he has a larger sum to receive than I offer, why does he not name a procurator to examine me ? and if he is content with that sum, I only insist on the acquittance for my own safety. I am ready to send it him, with full licence to tell as many lies as he pleases afterwards. I am weary with troubling you with repetitions which cannot be more disagreeable to you than they are to me. I have had, and still have, so much vexation with this execrable affair, 'tis im- possible to describe it. I had rather talk to you of anything else, but it fills my whole head. I am still at Twicknam, where I pass my time in great indolence and sweetness. Mr. W. is at this time in York- shire. My fair companion puts me oft in mind of our Thoresby conversations ; we read and walk together, and I am more happy in her than anything else could make me except your conversation. No. VI. I HAVE just received your letter of May 30th, and am surprised, since you own the receipt of my letter, that you give me not the least hint concerning the business that I writ so earnestly to you about. Till that is over I am as little capable of repeating news, as I should be if my house was on fire. I am sure, a great deal must be in your power ; the hurting me can be no way his interest. I am ready to assign, or deliver the money for 500/. stock, to who- ever he will name, if he will send my letters into Lady Stafford's hands ; which, were he sincere in his offer of burn- ing them, he would readily do. Instead of that, he has writ a letter to Mr. W. to inform him of the whole affair : luckily APPENDIX. 445 for me, the person he has sent it to assures me it shall never be delivered; but I am not the less obliged to his good intentions. For God's sake, do something to set my mind at ease from this business, and then I will not fail to write you regular accounts of all your acquaintance. Mr. Strickland has had a prodigy of good fortune befallen him, which, I suppose, you have heard of. My little commission is hardly worth speaking of; if you have not already laid out that small sum in St. Cloud ware, I had rather have it in plain lutestring of any colour. Lady Stafford desires you would buy one suit of minunet for head and ruffles at Boileau's. No. VII. I CANNOT enough thank you, my dear sister, for the trou- ble you give yourself in my affairs, tho' I am still so un- happy to find your care very ineffectual. I have actually in my present possession a formal letter directed to Mr. W. to acquaint him with the whole business. You may imagine the inevitable eternal misfortunes it would have thrown me into, had it been delivered by the person to whom it was intrusted. I wish you would make him sensible of the in- famy of his proceeding, which can no way in the world turn to his advantage. Did I refuse giving up the strictest account, or had I not the clearest demonstration in my hands of the truth and sincerity with which I acted, there might be some temptation to this business ; but all he can expect by in- forming Mr. W , is to hear him repeat the same things I assert ; he will not retrieve one farthing, and I am for ever miserable. I beg no more of him than to direct any per- son, man or woman, either lawyer, broker, or a person of qua- lity, to examine me ; and as soon as he has sent a proper authority to discharge me on enquiry, I am ready to be 446 APPENDIX. examined. I think no offer can be fairer from any person whatsoever : his conduct towards me is so infamous, that 1 am informed I might prosecute him by hiw if he was here; he demanding the whole sum as a debt from Mr. Wortley, at the same time I have a note under his hand to prove the contrary. I beg with the utmost earnestness that you would make him sensible of his error. Observe 'tis very necessary to say something to fright him. I am persuaded, if he was talked to in a style of that kind, he would not dare to at- tempt to ruin me. I have a great inclination to write se- riously to your lord about it, since I desire to determine this affair in the fairest and clearest manner. I am not at all afraid of making any body acquainted with it; and if I did not fear making Mr. Wortley uneasy, (who is the only person from whom I would conceal it,) all the transac- tions should have been long since enrolled in Chancery. I have already taken care to have the broker's depositions taken, before a lawyer of reputation and merit. I deny giv- ing him no satisfaction ; and after that offer, I think there is no man of honour that would refuse signifying to him that as 'tis all he can desire, so, if he persists in doing me an injury, he may repent it. You know how far 'tis proper to take this method. I say nothing of the uneasi- ness I am under, 'tis far beyond any expression ; my obli- gation would be proportionable to any body that would deliver me from it, and I should not think it paid by all the ser- vices of my life. No. viir. I AM now at Twicknam : 'tis impossible to tell you, dear sister, what agonies I suffer every post-day ; my health really suffers so much from my fears, that I have reason to apprehend the worst consequences. If that monster acted on the least principles of reason, I should have nothing to fear, since 'tis I APPENDIX. 447 certain that after he has exposed me he will get nothing by it. Mr. Wortley can do nothing for his satisfaction I am not will- ing to do myself. I desire not the least indulgence of any kind. Let him put his affair into the hands of any lawyer whatever. I am willing to submit to any examination ; 'tis impossible to make a fairer offer than this is : whoever he employs may come to me hither on several pretences. I desire nothing from him, but that he would send no letters or messages to my house at London, where Mr. Wortley now is. I am come hither in hopes of benefit from the air, but I carry my distemper about me in an anguish of mind that visibly decays my body every day, I am too melancholy to talk of any other subject. Let me beg you (dear sister) to take some care of this affair, and think you have it in your power to do more than save the life of a sister that loves you. No. IX, I SEND you, dear sister, by Lady Lansdown this letter, accompanied with the only present that was ever sent me by that monster. I beg you to return it immediately. I am told he is preparing to come to London. Let him know that 'tis not at all necessary for receiving his money or examining my accounts ; he has nothing to do but to send a letter of attorney to who he pleases (without ex- ception), and I will readily deliver up what I have in my hands, and his presence will not obtain a farthing more: his design then can only be to expose my letters here. I desire you would assure him that my first step will be to ac- quaint my Lord Stair with all his obligations to him, as soon as I hear he is in London ; and if he dares to give me any further trouble, I shall take care to have him rewarded in a stronger manner than he expects ; there is nothing more true than this ; and I solemnly swear, that if all the credit or money that I have in the world can do it, either 448 APPENDIX. for friendship or hire, I shall not fail to have him used as he deserves ; and since I know his journey can only be in- tended to expose me, I shall not value what noise is made. Perhaps you may prevent it ; I leave you to judge of the most proper method ; 'tis certain no time should be lost; fear is his predominant passion, and I believe you may fright him from coming hither, where he will certainly find a reception very disagreeable to him. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'lettersworksofla03mont_15', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1837.0', 'title': 'The letters and works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu;', 'creator': 'Montagu, Mary Wortley, Lady, 1689-1762 | Wharncliffe, James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 1st baron, 1776-1845', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7814', 'token_count': '10197', '__index_level_0__': '7154', 'original_id': '45757a7065b8d4a36cf06ca348c0bda5c2a61c8f9c724836e86999ab23a5b428'} |
Resistive memory, for example phase-change memory PCM or oxide-based random access memory OxRAM, usually comprises memory points each having a selection transistor and a memory cell that is capable of storing a logic datum, and which are distributed in a matrix along rows and columns in a memory plane. A memory cell is accessed through the selection transistor and via word lines along the rows of the memory plane and bit lines along the columns of the memory plane.
Resistive memory technologies are promising in numerous aspects, in particular in terms of density since the memory cell, incorporated within the back-end-of-line BEOL interconnect layers, may be superposed over the selection transistor formed in and on a semiconductor substrate, in contrast to “conventional” non-volatile memory, for example EEPROM or NAND flash, in which the memory cell is generally also formed in and on the semiconductor substrate.
Consequently, a limitation in terms of the compactness of the resistive memory memory points is the area occupied by a selection transistor.
In this regard it has been proposed, in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0013245 (French Publication No. 3023647A1), incorporated by reference, to form vertical-gate selection transistors, which are more compact than planar transistors. However, in this configuration a vertical gate may introduce the formation of a parasitic conduction channel in an adjacent transistor, causing errors when accessing a memory cell. Doping a region facing a face of the gate makes it possible to limit the formation of such a parasitic conduction channel.
However, resistive memory cells may require a particularly large current for writing a datum. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '03d1b6799e593a8c1a6a46708ab8434acd988cc451aa24daccc23fddd9e7046f'} |
Beatriz at Dinner
The film opens with Beatriz (Salma Hayek) waking up, taking care of her animals, and heading off to work at a massage therapy center where she meets with her clients. She then heads off to meet with Kathy (Connie Britton) to give her a massage before her dinner party. During the massage, Beatriz reveals to Kathy that her neighbor had killed one of her goats, and becomes emotional. Beatriz leaves and heads to her car, where it is unable to start. She goes back inside, to tell Kathy her car broke down, and her friend won't be able to help her until he gets out of work. Kathy invites Beatriz to stay for the dinner party. Kathy checks with her husband Grant (David Warshofsky), who is reluctant due to the high profile client they will be having dinner with. He ultimately agrees. Read more on Wikipedia. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.978342592716217}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75906', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5A5OW2NAMZ3MHNN7MY67IWJGPYJ7TKPE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d701ad86-8666-42ce-80db-da014b60d77f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 7, 49, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.227.165.167', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XEC7GCDGAVWOHC3HDZ2TKMP5IV6ZPVVW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:40af11d5-39cf-42c2-bce3-2509ef51a517>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.movieranker.com/movie/29wjHz42Jd8zQVm/Beatriz-at-Dinner', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:544b8dee-d216-4ab5-92fe-3084e95d8862>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '146', 'url': 'https://www.movieranker.com/movie/29wjHz42Jd8zQVm/Beatriz-at-Dinner', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-170.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04199272394180298', 'original_id': '4ac5ccb4535843580025a8017d5e2a2606ea4c694cec71449f180287baa44150'} |
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Costs threats
Respondents’ lawyers often say that they will apply for costs in the employment tribunal if the claim is not withdrawn or settled. Sometimes they say that they will apply for ‘up to £10,000,’ and sometimes they threaten even larger sums. If you are not a lawyer and don’t have access to specialist advice, it can be hard to know how seriously to take these threats.
The first thing to note is that the usual rule in the employment tribunals is that each side pays its own costs, win or lose. You don’t have to pay the other side’s costs just because you have lost the case. In general, the employment tribunal only awards costs if the conduct of one side has been “vexatious, abusive, disruptive or otherwise unreasonable” or if the claim was “misconceived.”
The “vexatious, abusive, disruptive or otherwise unreasonable” part of this is relatively straightforward. It basically means that you have to fight the case in a reasonably civilised and co-operative manner. If you try to ambush the respondent with new factual allegations or documents they haven’t seen before at the last minute, or send them pages and pages of detailed questions on irrelevant matters, or repeatedly fail to comply with the procedural timetable set by the tribunal, or fail to turn up to the hearing without a good excuse, or telephone their witnesses and shout at them (and so on), then you may well face a costs application on this basis.
“Misconceived” is much trickier. Your claim is misconceived if it has ‘no reasonable prospect of success.’ Some claims are so weak that anyone ought to be able to tell at a hundred paces that they are hopeless. If you are an airline pilot who arrived for work drunk, and you were dismissed after a disciplinary hearing and an appeal, at both of which you were represented by your trade union, then your unfair dismissal claim is hopeless, and you shouldn’t need a lawyer to tell you so.
But often when the respondent’s lawyers tell you that your claim is misconceived, they will be relying on some legal technicality: you are a ‘worker’ but not an ’employee,’ so you don’t have a right not to be unfairly dismissed; you were a student, and not a ‘worker,’ so your discrimination claim must be brought if at all in the county court not the employment tribunal; your claim was presented too late, or too early, or had not been preceded by a valid grievance. Or they will simply be saying that the claim looks weak on the basis of the way it has been put in your ET1 and/or witness statements.
These things are much harder to judge if you are not a lawyer. If your claim is listed for several days or even some weeks, and the respondent’s lawyers are telling you that it is misconceived and threatening to apply for £10,000 or £50,000 or even £100,000 in costs, you are likely to feel thoroughly intimidated. If you can’t afford your own legal advice, the chances are you simply do not have this kind of money. A costs order on this scale might mean losing your home, or bankruptcy.
One tactic you can try in these circumstances is to treat the tribunal itself as a source of legal advice. Write a letter explaining that the respondent is threatening you with costs, and ask for a pre-hearing review to consider the question whether your claim has any reasonable prospect of success.
Here is a sample letter showing how you might put an application like this.
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10 August, 2011
Community (And Pickled Chioggia Beets)
"Anti-social media."
That's what my husband says when you bring up Twitter, Facebook, Google + or anything that incites or requires interaction through a computer or smartphone. He is, at heart, a huge people person. His business requires near constant contact with people - all of which he prefers to do face-to-face or at least on the phone.
His argument is that people think they have friends that they make or maintain friendships through social media, but that it's just superficial. Indeed, he merely tolerates my stories of people I've never actually met. He's not discounting that, once you've met in person, a friendship can grow.
I'll admit, some days I completely agree with him. Then I get a note from someone who reads the blog that is full of more support than a friend I've had for years has given. Or someone I only know from on-line shows up at my door with food, when no one else does on a bad day. Or I am heavily impacted by a tragedy that rocked the world of someone else.
Always remember, there is a real person behind that on-line presence.
That means you can indeed form a relationship with someone you've never met. Will it be as close as the one you have with your best friend since high school? Maybe. Maybe not. But it will still be valuable and important for its own reasons.
On the days that I do see merit in what he says, I take a step forward into my community. Not my on-line world, but the one that is literally outside my door. I take a walk and chat with the neighbour. I grab a beer with another mom from the preschool. I call my brother or sister to just chat about our kids. Nothing can replace a face-to-face conversation.
Because of those conversations I have beet pickles today.
There we were, minding our own business, devouring my husband's hamburgers in the backyard. Our front door was wide open, the dog was probably sound asleep, and the kids were already performing after dinner hula hoop tricks. Suddenly the back door opens and one of our neighbours walks through. In her hands was a grocery bag full of chioggia beets and a big bowl of apricots.
With family in warmer climates and friends coming through she was left with a pile of produce from her folks' backyard. Too much for her and her husband, she brought them over to share. And she knows I would happily accept because we've actually talked before. We live on a street where most of us make an effort to know each other. So she knew I would tackle the colourful produce with gusto and none would go to waste. (There is an apricot crisp in the oven for another neighbour who just had a baby.)
This is my community. Embrace the friends you have when they need it, whether with a quiet note or the full force of your arms. Embrace the shared journeys. Embrace the beets they bring to your backyard.
This was my first time making beet pickles. Inspired by the Pickling Party, hosted by Shauna Ahern from Gluten-Free Girl, and my neighbour. The recipe is a mish mash of ideas from memory, Aimee from Simple Bites, and the Harrow Fair Cookbook. Even my cooking is an amalgamation of my many communities!
Pickled Chioggia Beets
Makes 3 500 ml jars
2 1/2 pounds scrubbed beets, tops and stems removed
2 cups white vinegar
1 cup rice wine vinegar
3/4 cup water
1/2 cup sugar
2 tbsp pickling salt
1 tsp coriander seeds
1 tsp mustard seeds
3 cloves garlic
rosemary (optional)
1. Boil the beets in a large pot of water for 25 minutes. Make sure a fork will go through the largest beets easily. Drain and immediately place in a sink or bowlful of cold water. Once cooled use your hands and, if necessary, a knife, to trim the skin from the beets. Slice and set aside in a clean bowl.
2. While the beets are cooking clean and process 3 jars and the screw lids in a boiling water canner for 10 minutes. Keep hot in the water while you clean and slice the cooked beets.
3. While you prep the beets combine the vinegars, water, sugar, salt, and seeds in a medium saucepan. Bring to a boil and keep hot, hot until ready to use.
4. Quickly drain your sterilized jars. Keep the water boiling.
5. While they are still hot add a garlic clove to the bottom of each jar, then fill with beets. Stop filling 1/2'' from the top. Carefully pour in the pickling liquid, leaving at least a 1/4'' from the top of the jar of space. Wipe the rim of the jar with a clean cloth and screw on the lid.
6. Process for 20 minutes in a boiling water canner. Do not start timing until the water comes to a boil after you add your jars.
(Why didn't the skeleton cross the road? Because he had no guts!)
(Said skeleton keeping the almost pickles company.)
Hannah said...
Hi Cheryl, I love this post! I discovered your blog at the pickle party (happy to attend with you!). I agree with you...I feel fortunate to have close communities both in person and online. I've met the most incredible, supportive, talented people and value all of these relationships. Quite a lot of fun!
You are inspiring me to pickle the beets that have come in my CSA box. Thanks for sharing your recipe. Enjoy your day!
tracylee said...
I've made many friends online over the years and stayed over after conferences elsewhere to meet them in person. A few months ago I had an emergency and couldn't get to my phone to call for help, but was able to quietly type on my laptop and not get caught. Someone I'd never met on FB answered my plea for help and the police arrived within 10 minutes.
SEO Moz said...
Online Communities
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solusi tepat untuk mengatasi berbagai jenis penyakit secara alami tanpa efek samping | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '73', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9358075857162476}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '86846', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Q6APUYZF7UK6PK4SBPS7URZLVADTXA66', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7081bf1f-8395-4d15-87a6-5e8fdfc8cad7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 17, 48, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HY7ZXAL6KDVBKRQMRNBI3KOBQWXEGCJM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6a9ca463-76ce-4111-9df2-151de5e8d97a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://backseatgourmet.blogspot.com/2011/08/community-and-pickled-chioggia-beets.html?showComment=1389263957821', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f055d18f-92d8-479b-8c50-d7889f673f0d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1145', 'url': 'http://backseatgourmet.blogspot.com/2011/08/community-and-pickled-chioggia-beets.html?showComment=1389263957821', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-156-82-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03022867441177368', 'original_id': 'ea8b641dd00a96b8afb063440d39c6e97d57b073dbe0b2f7e06e84a130f657bf'} |
Chris Brown’s Girlfriend Fears For Life After Rihanna Fans Attack
Rihanna fans are making Chris Brown‘s girlfriend’s life a living hell. Karrueche Tran is so scared she won’t go anywhere without a group of minders.
According to TMZ …RiRi’s devoted fans are threatening to kill Chris’s GF and she’s running scared. She won’t even leave her house without bodyguards. She feels like a target is on her forehead. Is dating Mr Brown worth the hassle? I think we know the answer to that question.
It’s still not known whether RiRi was targeting Tran in a cryptic tweet last week. She posted a picture of a packet of rice cakes wearing hoop earrings and a pair of sunglasses. The message was ‘Ima a make u my bitch‘. It’s thought the Vietnamese rice cakes may have been a dig at Karrueche’s ethnicity. Who knows? But why are these girls getting all worked up over Chris Brown? Hello?
Chris has been telling Karrueche not to worry about the abuse and string of threats that she’s copped in the last week. She’s had to put up with messages like ‘Watch your back‘ and ‘I will kill you‘. Rihanna’s fans need to get a life. Who cares if Karrueche is with Chris? She can have him as far as I’m concerned. Have we all forgotten what he did to RiRi a couple of years ago? I haven’t.
Rihanna is a role model to millions or young girls. She needs to set an example and tell her fans to leave Karrueche alone. And a message to Rihanna – worry about a real guy – not one who took his anger out on you!
Rachel is a great gossipy gossip that we just couldn’t live without her at Hollywood Hiccups…When she isn’t spreading the news of Reality TV here, you will most likely find her on Rodeo Drive…. window shopping. Yes, retail is her second passion. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b4136de2e42e17567021b167023b836226d972d2f2658960c14415093ddbcdf6'} |
Small Low Tide Icon
This icon is a part of a collection of Low Tide flat icons produced by Icons8. Icons follow the guidelines of iOS, Windows, and Android and are designed by a single designer, guaranteeing the consistent quality.
There is two lines - - one running vertically and one running horizontally. Both meet at a 90 degree angle. Basically, it is a half of square. Inside the half square is three shapes - - the first is a small rectangle sitting on top of a larger half circle. The top half of the larger half circle is removed and the rectangle is sitting on top with the bottom of the rectangle removed. Below the half-circle is a squiggly line signifying water/waves that runs horizontally.
Related to Low Tide Icon
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Posts Tagged ‘Golden Rule of Karma as a behavioral guide’
Karma is not just a mere philosophy, more importantly it is science. I simply define Karma as the resulting effect of the experience you cause. Our soul emanates from our Source which is God and we walk in the road of life by every experience that we encounter. The experience we go through is caused by us, and because it is caused by us, we are responsible for the event it effectuates.
In Einstein’s third law of motion it states that, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. It describes one important universal principle that states, if you cause something you will also see an effect. Personally, I view this not just an elaborate path towards Divine correction but also a healing process of the soul.
According to Gary Zukav, “Every action, thought and feeling is motivated by an intention, and that intention is the cause that exists as one with an effect.” If this is the case, then if we participate in the cause, it is not possible for us not to participate in the effect. We are so habituated to the belief that we are responsible for some of the effect of the actions that we do, but not all. My conviction is that, nothing that we cause is exempted from the Universal Law of Karma. Remember, we all partake in the fruit of the seed that we sow. It is therefore judicious for us to be aware of all the intentions that motivate our actions, sort out which of our intentions produce which effects, and to choose the intentions according to the effects that we desire to produce.
When you intend to harm others, you cause an imbalance of energy. Any imbalance in the universe will have to be corrected and because the universe will have to correct it, you will incur for yourself a debt against Karma that you will have to pay through experience. This universal principle is called Karmic Debt. The person who intends ill-wishes and hatreds for others experiences the intention of ill-wishes and hatreds from others. The person who intends love and forgiveness to others also experiences the intention of love and forgiveness from others. The Golden Rule of Karma as a behavioral guide clarifies that, you receive from the world what you give to the world.
If you think you have gotten away from the trespasses you have done to your friend and neighbor, then you have deceived yourself. Because even if the cause has not yet produced its effect, that means the event has not yet come into completion.
There is only one way of paying Karmic Debt. The only way is to go through the experience under the counsel of your impersonal and universal teacher called Karma. When you go through a difficult and daunting experience, you have to look down within yourself if you cause unto others that same morose experience you are going through. Having able to recognize this, you must receive the experience with the willingness to make amends but if you respond to it with nothing but rage and vindictive thoughts, you will only cause yourself another Karmic debt.
Karma acts as a universal teacher rather than a hostile executioner. Therefore, it is not bad at all. It is a way to balance an imbalance energy field; it is way to correct an erroneous past decision; it is a way to find courage to pardon an injury; it is God’s way to right what humans made wrong.
You incur Karmic debt when you become dishonest, when you respond hate to an injury, when you refuse to see and listen to the truth. But if you respond with love in every chance there is, despite of how unfair your situation may seem, you do not only pay your karmic debt but gain Karmic Profit as well. I did not say responding love to hate is easy; as a matter of fact it is a struggle amidst our individual religiosity. That is the reason why most people suffer from lack of peace more than the abundance of blessings.
It is necessary for you to experience that same injury you caused unto others so you will come into enlightenment the repercussions of your muddled actions because every enlightenment have healing moved for that experience. It produces subtle clarity of Divine love, authentic joy, purposeful goal and inner peace. Through this, you learn to understand the significance and meaning of every event in your life.
As you finally understand this truth, learn to pay your Karmic debt by finding an opportunity to love your enemies. Your positive response appoints you to qualify for Karmic Profit in the enlightenment of the process.
Now! Pay your karmic debt and never owe again. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '13', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9594398140907288}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51165', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2INB7YJPPNAMRO4SRXQZHF4LHN3HFLJS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:34b606fe-5b0c-482d-8ff2-22619f388bb2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 16, 22, 40, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:V2GWLSQROOGOUVUJANQN3NU7RGUTIJVE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ef001d7f-f365-490e-bc57-bbe8c3c5a10b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://jaymoli.wordpress.com/tag/golden-rule-of-karma-as-a-behavioral-guide/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:95a32e72-f53b-4918-a6a2-db756e153fc7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '803', 'url': 'https://jaymoli.wordpress.com/tag/golden-rule-of-karma-as-a-behavioral-guide/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-13-167-49.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0952601432800293', 'original_id': 'c4afe10c1975edc37146788932ab661fc1b0964c039dfb77d8234a09d6361255'} |
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (c) 2019-Present Ryan L. Collins <rlcollins@g.harvard.edu>
# and the Talkowski Laboratory
# Distributed under terms of the MIT license.
"""
Preprocess protein features downloaded from UniProt/SwissProt
"""
import argparse
import pandas as pd
def subset_by_genes(pdat, elig_genes):
"""
Subset pd.DataFrame based on elig_genes
"""
# First, find direct matches between primary gene symbol and our gene list
primary_hits = pdat.gene.isin(elig_genes)
# Next, try to match into alternative gene symbols
noprim = pdat[~primary_hits & ~pdat['Gene names'].isna()]
def _match_secondaries(gstr, elig_genes):
match = pd.NA
for gene in gstr.split():
if gene in elig_genes:
match = gene
break
return match
noprim.gene = noprim['Gene names'].apply(_match_secondaries, elig_genes=elig_genes)
rescued = noprim[~noprim.gene.isna()]
return pd.concat([pdat[primary_hits], rescued], axis=0)
def main():
"""
Main block
"""
# Parse command line arguments and options
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description=__doc__,
formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument('tsv', help='.tsv downloaded from UniProt')
parser.add_argument('eligible_genes', help='list of eligible gene symbols')
parser.add_argument('outfile', help='path to output .tsv')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Read UniProt data as pd.DataFrame
pdat = pd.read_csv(args.tsv, delimiter='\t')
pdat.rename(columns={'Gene names (primary )' : 'gene'}, inplace=True)
# Subset to eligible genes
elig_genes = [g.rstrip() for g in open(args.eligible_genes).readlines()]
pdat = subset_by_genes(pdat, elig_genes)
# Cast numeric column types
pdat.Length = pdat.Length.astype(int)
pdat.Mass = pdat.Mass.apply(lambda x: int(x.replace(',', '')))
# Gather number of interactors
def _count_interactors(istr):
if pd.isna(istr):
return 0
else:
return len(istr.split('; '))
pdat['ppi_degree'] = pdat['Interacts with'].apply(_count_interactors)
# Generate counts of protein features
pdat['intramembrane_domains'] = \
pdat['Intramembrane'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('INTRAMEM'))
pdat['transmembrane_domains'] = \
pdat['Transmembrane'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('TRANSMEM'))
pdat['alpha_helixes'] = \
pdat['Helix'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('HELIX'))
pdat['beta_sheets'] = \
pdat['Beta strand'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('STRAND'))
pdat['beta_sheets'] = \
pdat['Beta strand'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('STRAND'))
pdat['metal_binding_sites'] = \
pdat['Metal binding'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('METAL '))
pdat['nucleotide_binding_sites'] = \
pdat['Nucleotide binding'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('NP_BIND'))
pdat['active_sites'] = \
pdat['Active site'].apply(lambda x: str(x).count('ACT_SITE'))
# Rename selected columns
pdat.rename(columns={'Length' : 'aa_length', 'Mass' : 'protein_mass'}, inplace=True)
# Deduplicate redundant gene symbols
pdat = pdat[~pdat.gene.duplicated()]
# Subset to columns of interest and write to outfile
cols_to_keep = 'gene aa_length protein_mass ppi_degree intramembrane_domains ' + \
'transmembrane_domains alpha_helixes beta_sheets ' + \
'metal_binding_sites nucleotide_binding_sites active_sites'
out_df = pdat[cols_to_keep.split()]
out_df.to_csv(args.outfile, sep='\t', na_rep='NA', index=False)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/talkowski-lab/rCNV2/blob/master/data_curation/other/preprocess_uniprot_data.py', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, MIT', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'rCNV2', 'creator': 'talkowski-lab', 'language': 'Python', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '339', 'token_count': '1222', '__index_level_0__': '51521', 'original_id': 'b6902eeb96ec380df8a1d404d3c14e0e077162baa38a3f9eaea076e1f5abef45'} |
Dating a widow with young children Sex chat with men without registering
30-Sep-2019 20:37
If a scene could sum up some of my first thoughts after my husband died last year at age 28, it would be the scene in the hit BET series “Being Mary Jane,” when Robinne Lee’s character, Avery, lifts up her shirt exposing her stomach full of stretch marks. She had two kids and the body to prove it, and reentering the dating scene seemed too much to handle. Avery had just found out her husband had cheated, and was wrestling with the decision whether to leave or stay.If she tries to do this too quickly, there may be a bottling up of emotions which may eventually become unmanageable and harmful.So if you find that she has suddenly become withdrawn, sad, reclusive, angry, it is likely that she has not grieved completely and the pain of the loss has come back in a much harsher way.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '52', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9847538471221924}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '12598', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YILORPMBR6WUXWPDA54GV36VSE2YXFFG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3a78f418-9766-458f-adce-f1f722c45e75>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 25, 17, 55, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.211.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:K4WFPVMDZYMARFXTCHMAVPFFMNKHOQKX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7e525cc8-7729-4d07-9739-9a35958dfadc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://profkreptorg.ru/dating-a-widow-with-young-children-6637.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:42d97d84-a7bd-4347-91b6-0d49cfa756cc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '194', 'url': 'https://profkreptorg.ru/dating-a-widow-with-young-children-6637.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028580009937286377', 'original_id': '95dfb09fa76a5d0491e6ce627a21ccd70c999b2db472eb7a33a0e6e4fd3378c0'} |
import { FETCH_WEATHER } from '../actions/index'
export default function (state = null, action) {
switch(action.type) {
case FETCH_WEATHER:
// return state.concat ([ action.payload.data ]);
// IN ES 6
return [action.payload.data, ...state];
}
return state;
} | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/divyans7/Weather-App/blob/master/src/reducers/reducer_weather.js', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'Weather-App', 'creator': 'divyans7', 'language': 'JavaScript', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '35', 'token_count': '97', '__index_level_0__': '36112', 'original_id': 'cc3b33b7d0fd26773a33d0576b3fbfffc413621b6b23d4d7cad4739a312a1d05'} |
The era of pervasive intelligence is drawing nigh, asserted Deloitte in new report published today. For proof, it continued, look no further than forecasts predicting more than half a billion smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices will sport chips with built-in artificial intelligence (AI) features by the end of 2018; that by 2023, roughly 43 percent of all AI inference (i.e., analysis) will be performed on-device; and that in the next four years, annual shipments of devices with embedded AI will increase from 79 million last year to 1.2 billion.
Those and other trends will drive the proliferation of AI-powered smart devices capable of recognizing and reacting to sights, sounds, and other patterns, Deloitte said, leading to untold levels of convenience and cost savings.
“Increasingly, machines will learn from experiences, adapt to changing situations, and predict outcomes,” according to the report. “Some will infer users’ needs and desires and even collaborate with other devices by exchanging information, distributing tasks, and coordinating their actions.”
Already, AI software providers are tailoring models and algorithms for deployment on machines outside of datacenters, Deloitte noted. This year alone, companies have raised more than $1.5 billion to develop AI silicon that can perform complex computations while consuming “minute” amounts of power. Among them are MIT’s recently unveiled inference system-on-chip, which can perform inference 3 to 7 times faster than previous chips with 95 percent less power, and Esperanto Technologies‘ ET-Minion, a 64-bit 7-nanometer processor that packs thousands of custom-designed cores on a single die.
The advantages of these offline, at-the-edge advances are myriad, according to Deloitte. Local AI processing promises to eliminate the latency entailed by transmitting data to the cloud for analysis, and to enable applications — such as vehicle navigation and augmented reality — that can’t always depend on a rock steady internet connection.
Deloitte predicts that in manufacturing, with persistent intelligence assembly line robots could calculate the motion of their arms a thousand times faster and could quickly respond to downtime. Warehouse machines could leverage a combination of in-the-cloud and on-site AI to reduce fulfillment times. Networked wind turbines could make real-time adjustments to wind speed and blade and rotor angle, increasing output by as much as 8 percent. Drones and smart cameras could drive real-time monitoring of progress at construction sites. And robot herbicide sprayers equipped with cameras and computer vision could cut the use of chemicals and associated costs by up to 90 percent.
“While these types of coordinated and decentralized systems are still mostly in early development, startups are working on … systems for managing crop fields, inspecting infrastructure, and physical security,” Deloitte wrote. “By cutting costs and increasing efficiency, smart machines may help expand certain markets … Smart devices have the potential to help companies achieve new levels of efficiency and effectiveness: automating processes, cutting materials waste, reducing cost, and increasing output. But the impact of the age of pervasive intelligence goes beyond faster, better, and cheaper.”
The forthcoming shift can’t be overstated. In Pittsburgh, a smart traffic light with embedded AI was able to reduce travel times and idling times by 25 percent and 40 percent, respectively. In the automotive sector, carmakers like GM and Daimler are heading off the self-driving car revolution by pursuing autonomous technologies of their own. And health care providers are prepping for a future with fewer emergency room visits and a greater emphasis on telemedicine and implant procedures.
Firms would do well to prepare for this shift by considering how AI can create opportunities for new revenue sources and business models, Deloitte said, and by ensuring they have a solid understanding of how intelligent devices could change the dynamics of their industries.
“Product companies of all kinds may face competition from new entrants offering smart alternatives,” the report’s authors wrote. “While development and adoption of many smart devices may take time, incumbents must prepare for a tipping point when smart products could render traditional ones obsolete. It will be several years before the pervasive intelligence trend has a significant macro impact on most industries … [but] impacts could ultimately be significant. Devices with embedded intelligence will eventually become ubiquitous in commercial settings and consumers’ lives, enabling entirely new levels of performance and efficiency, [and] companies should begin now to game out the potential impact of pervasive intelligence on their business and their industry to position themselves to reap the benefits.” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '74', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9245003461837769}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59591', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DUN7A5A6HCNWCSLCKLT7SDFOIB3SZCPP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f9e6894c-e1f0-4434-a1cb-3b19dbb3e3fd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 10, 38, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.66.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RCSN4WSUL47576G3VUNGS5RWSAXAM7T4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1c8e59ab-b7d2-4d12-94be-ae4fe063adbc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/08/deloitte-pervasive-ai-promises-to-transform-agriculture-health-care-and-manufacturing/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c5fe34c5-1598-441c-b2e9-c169ba963433>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '700', 'url': 'https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/08/deloitte-pervasive-ai-promises-to-transform-agriculture-health-care-and-manufacturing/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-61-111.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12199336290359497', 'original_id': 'a105cd4dddde7d089893a2fef30fe0db0a3f7c229290a1b7a29d26c4cf4ca060'} |
Mourinho tells Ronaldo: Team honours come first
Getty Images
Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho has questioned Cristiano Ronaldo's standing as the world's best player, while praising Stamford Bridge star Eden Hazard.
Ronaldo won the Ballon d'Or in January but ended the season trophyless from a team perspective as Real Madrid fell short on all fronts.
And Mourinho, who coached Ronaldo during his time at the Santiago Bernabeu, believes individual honours should come after success with club or country.
Asked if he believed Ronaldo should not be considered alongside Barcelona's Lionel Messi as one of the world's best two players, Mourinho said: "I think so. I don't like players or managers to win individual trophies without the team. Obviously depending on the season they have.
"They have to win some titles, no? Football without titles is nothing.
"Messi won the treble. He won three competitions last year, he reached the Copa America final [with Argentina]. He had a fantastic season for him and for his team.
"I am not saying he [Ronaldo] is not fantastic. I am just saying that, in my personal view, every football player in the world should understand that a team has to be in front."
Hazard's qualities have seen him become the most fouled player in the Premier League and Mourinho is worried the attacker could pick up a serious injury.
"Eden was very lucky not to break a leg last season," he added. "He's getting stronger and stronger, not just in his body but in his attitude. He's mentally tough. He's not the kind of boy who overreacts.
"After a bad tackle he never rolls and rolls like other players do.
"But the reality is that last season he was lucky - let's see what happens next season. He could have been injured many times. He suffered more than a couple of nasty tackles and could have been in trouble. I saw lots of players breaking legs and ankles with less than that.
"I would like more protection for him but it's beyond my control. I don't want to change his mentality or personality. I don't want him to start crying or overreacting. I want Eden to be what he is - absolutely fantastic." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9849638938903807}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '132199', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7TW243MCEZZIXSDRGOQ4JL4PH557Y5LH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:28088896-0890-432b-b58f-5e030ad4fe5a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 24, 12, 16, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '51.124.21.38', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4FMLVDQCXE7XCLAMZ5DJIRHXPVWSPV7G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:37c454c2-682d-4418-a2de-c4e0d0c0f9cc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/news/mourinho-tells-ronaldo-team-honours-come-fi-1/67482', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:28df8e9b-a08b-4981-8a87-1755448b6fbd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '350', 'url': 'https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/news/mourinho-tells-ronaldo-team-honours-come-fi-1/67482', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04531127214431763', 'original_id': 'fb714b9d6b135906723e820e2e4579ab26d0fc634e1c13a251f3935518df145d'} |
App-Module-Setup App::Module::Setup is the core module for module-setup, which is a boilerplate generator for new Perl modules. Why, yet another one? All existing boilerplate generators suit many users, but abhor others. They can do too much, or too little, or use conventions that not everyone agrees with. module-setup uses a set of customisable templates so everyone can tailor it to whatever needs may arise. Its design goal is to be extremely simple for unexperienced users, while still being useful for more advanced module writing. INSTALLATION To install this module, run the following commands: perl Makefile.PL make make test make install SUPPORT AND DOCUMENTATION Development of this module takes place on GitHub: You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command. perldoc App::Module::Setup Please report any bugs or feature requests using the issue tracker on GitHub. COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE Copyright (C) 2013,2018 Johan Vromans This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '37', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7927151322364807}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '1433', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DS74VHQKR7WZM26D6MLJ5CSAFF2VZ4LE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:398084b8-b936-4e86-a023-75e2623f9aee>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 21, 59, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '140.110.96.68', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/plain', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GQM3CFKT5HUVRFLJ4W5R7IWCXNG5MMYO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:37038ff5-068a-409f-b6d9-b4e556ef1f53>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ftp.twaren.net/Unix/Lang/CPAN/modules/by-module/Lingua/JV/App-Module-Setup-0.08.readme', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:99f68b77-f538-4903-b56b-9048ad7af5bb>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '163', 'url': 'http://ftp.twaren.net/Unix/Lang/CPAN/modules/by-module/Lingua/JV/App-Module-Setup-0.08.readme', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-5.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05254185199737549', 'original_id': '5a67f134fd9c6f638940b74c89e7ab4c416f33e9fe3d11a2b69eb981dc0935b2'} |
Phir ? Mazza aa Raha Hai haseeb say baat karney main ? 😒😒😒😒😒😈😈😈😈😈😈😈😈😈😈😈
The zayn psycho .
Listen up aeliya, I have this thing named life and these amazing people called friends. Admit the fact you still like him and thus accuse everyone (especially me AND my friends) of talking to him.
Yes I we talking to him you have a problem with that? Well then keep it to yourself cause no one wants to hear it.
I'm not gonna give you any explanations on who was the person I was talking to. Mostly because I'M SICK OF TELLING THE SAME FUCKING THING AGAIN AND AGAIN AND AGAIN OKAY?
Tummse baat karo sab clear karwao tum kehti ho acha thek hai samajh agai I won't bother you guys anymore or whatever. Phir you just come up with fucking nonsense. What the fuck is wrong with you!?
TUMNE JO SAMAJHNA HAI SAMAJH LO. Ab tum apne aap ko ask pe questions bhejo gi ya apni dost se bhijwaogi (something you're most familiar with) just so you can call me a 'lifeless hoe' or the sick low stuff you say about the parents (clearly reflecting you or maybe your house's environment idk I don't judge or jump to a conclusion :))))))))
And don't dare say something like 'woh school se jaraha hai hum kyun larey' mostly because we aren't arguing because of him. We're arguing because of you and you alone.
I tried telling you all of this bs earlier and tried clear the fog in your thick skull in a persuasive manner right? It was the Prophet (P.B.U.H)'s manner. If you still choose to do this,things aren't wrong with me. It's you.
I believe in my God and I believe in myself. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9420480728149414}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25562', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:X4ZJUDRQJ2G6SWBEQVG2HEY6OQTTL44L', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d7b6eaf2-2f04-490d-8c47-ccd9144b1b28>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 16, 35, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '193.138.77.142', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CCBALVIFNMM2HK5VR23H7AX6LJDE2DP3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:763a86e0-ec3e-4bb8-a672-9bf3dc3eeacc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://ask.fm/Zufishaaan/answers/140986184990', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a0f47832-1ca2-4acc-ac29-761d872a2957>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '291', 'url': 'https://ask.fm/Zufishaaan/answers/140986184990', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-144-201-71.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5143349766731262', 'original_id': '9f2d2062f9e55e47175fdc0be00a2e7bcfc73ff348b23fc08e514d898fe94df2'} |
What is a DWI
What is a DWI? DWI stands for driving while intoxicated. And means that if you are facing a DWI this can be a very serious offense. This also means not having the normal use of mental and physical faculties by recognition of the introduction of alcohol or a drug. Under Texas law, a person operating a vehicle who is 21 years of age or older, who is legally intoxicated can face a charge of DWI.
DWI Charges
This offense in the state of Texas can impose serve penalties. For a first time DWI offense, one can receive a fine up to $2000, a jail sentence up to 180 days, a loss of one’s license up to one year, and an annual fee of $1000 for three years to retain your driver’s license. As you can see, even first-time offenders are hit with severe punishments that can alter your life forever. Because this charge will always be on your record, future employers will be able to see this as well. Therefore, this can hinder you from getting jobs that you may have gotten otherwise.
If this is your second-time facing this offense. You are subject to a fine of up to $4000. One month to a year in jail, loss of license up to two years. And an annual fee of $2000 for three years to retain a license. As you keep offending the punishments become more and more severe. Which is why if you have found yourself facing this charge, you need to contact a lawyer immediately.
If you have any questions regarding DWI laws in Texas or want to get in contact with a lawyer. Contact Monks Law Firm Today, we have the experience you need to tackle your DWI case. Because when your future is a stake, we are the attorneys you want on your side.
Best Criminal Defense Attorneys | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9658600091934204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70667', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5BMUCZAOBPWSHT4FSMOT74BHTRXD72FO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2de699fd-2c1a-46e5-b406-4fdaa4d5a37c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 20, 21, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.229.249.96', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AG2H26PVM2NCIRQHRCB7KDT2E6DX35K3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:235fd173-a897-46cf-ab30-270395dfd393>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.monkslaw.com/what-is-a-dwi/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e71513ee-39eb-4b80-9bcd-8dc9953a2bb5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '312', 'url': 'https://www.monkslaw.com/what-is-a-dwi/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-159-220-225.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019043385982513428', 'original_id': 'dc342c4b1f8ca7ac060dfd8f3ac3c5982d5be01181ffd4221bfe8cb4ad2ef7fd'} |
Valve co-founder: good gamers should pay less, and vice versa
By Emil
May 17, 2011
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1. Gabe Newell is the co-founder and managing director of Valve. He often has something interesting to say, and the recently lengthy interview with Develop is no exception (seriously, it's worth…
Read the whole story
2. Although a good idea after releasing a game with 5.5hrs of singleplayer gameplay (portal2) valve is on my crap list.
3. Darkshadoe
Darkshadoe TS Guru Posts: 571 +110
I can see rewarding players for brand loyalty, but this is just dumb.
4. Trillionsin
Trillionsin TS Evangelist Posts: 1,110 +45
Let me tell you what.... I get called a hacker almost on a daily basis (or whenever I play) while playing Black Ops (PC) online. People don't enjoy getting their arses kicked and jump to any excuse they can find, usually the easiest being "hacker! You just wall-hacked!" Well, playing in Nuke town constantly with spy-planes kinda makes it easy to predict where people are, where they are camping, and where they charge from.
So this would put me in the "unpleasant to play with" category just because people leave thinking I am a hacker. I really hope that this wouldn't reflect on me, making me have to pay more, because that would just be silly. I am usually a pleasant person. I like teamwork, and I like a good challenge. I just hope that if something like this was truly employed, that there would be a way to distinguish the difference.
5. hitech0101
hitech0101 TS Enthusiast Posts: 429 +19
Well people pretend to be all kind of stuff when they're online so don't let some gamer get to you its just a game.
6. Vrmithrax
Vrmithrax TechSpot Paladin Posts: 1,286 +232
What, no tinfoil hat privacy nuts screaming "FOUL!" yet? They hated the fact that Steam captured even basic gaming stats from its users - imagine the reaction if it wasn't just hardware and game play time stats, but actual performance and details of player skills or behaviors. It would be pure paranoia-induced anarchy.
7. Riun355
Riun355 TS Rookie
Eh, while it sounds good, I think the ethics of it would get a bit murky... I could go for getting payed $20k a week, though.
8. pacostrano
pacostrano TS Member
This is why I play on my clan server we have rules and we have servers that have a bot that banning players like this or not fallowing rules
9. wcbert
wcbert TS Rookie Posts: 71
They are paying some people $20,000 a week. That is $80,000 a month and around $960,000 for a year. That is almost a million dollars. If you can make $20,000 a week, would you leave you house? Would you go a vacation? You have a life just still on your butt playing games every day and not even know that life has just past you by.
But this type of person is consider to be a high value customer. To me it sounds like a addict, and this addict is to attract more addicts.
10. TomSEA
TomSEA TechSpot Chancellor Posts: 2,388 +425
I'm having a little problem too swallowing this as Guest #1 alluded to. Valve just released Portal 2 - which is a 6-9 hour game with almost zero replayability, charges $60 for the pre-order, entices people to buy other games in the hope for an early release of Portal 2 with some bizarre contest, and then an hour into the game they start pumping you to buy meaningless DLC content.
How does all of that fit into his "We should have a way of rewarding the people who are good for our community," statement??
11. gwailo247
gwailo247 TechSpot Chancellor Posts: 2,105 +18
How about they worry about putting out bug free games, or put pressure on their partners whose games they sell via Steam to do the same?
As far as I see it when they offer promotions in order to encourage people to pre-order the next buggy game, they're putting their reputation behind it. And I doubt that a few hats make up for the frustration that people feel when their games don't work correctly.
12. r8bwp
r8bwp TS Rookie Posts: 29
I spend too much time on steam for my own good and i don`t get 20k sniff
13. Cota
Cota TS Enthusiast Posts: 521 +8
This idea needs to be tweaked a LOT.
-Getting people "skill rank" to put them to play whit people in their rank only?, this will ensure mouth breathers stay cool and that hardcore gamers have a challenge.
-About the not so kind players just let servers ban trolls and flamers (just like they do now), but hell manage those bans i love how i got banned from a BFBC2 server because the Admin liked my shiny grenade.
-The price tweaking idea is just awful :s but yeah if you want to lower prices have my thanks, would be nice to see one of the big ones break the $60 dlls price rule all the companies adopted.
-Playing moders and good players, well those are more likely like "employees", but if you are gonna start paying for playing treat us all the same.
14. MilwaukeeMike
MilwaukeeMike TS Evangelist Posts: 2,197 +751
I'd love for there to be a reputation system on WoW. I've played with too many D-bags. Make it so it take many many people to affect the rep and you'll prevent any abuse from individuals. I can see the issue with rating opponents though... they'll hate anyone better than themselves.
15. amstech
amstech TechSpot Enthusiast Posts: 933 +248
I like it.
16. To those thinking that Valve are paying people to play games, how about you have a look a few months back. The people referred to as being payed $20k/week are getting this because they put in massive amounts of work and developed new content for TF2. Every time their item is sold in the in game store, the original creator gets a slice of the profits. So all they had to do was spend some time creating the content, and now they can sit back and watch the cash roll in, and go on that holiday.
Far from being addicted, you tools.
17. Rasta211
Rasta211 TS Enthusiast Posts: 198 +28
Maybe they introduce a 2 type pricing system.
1 price is the normal price they charge for a new game like 59.99
another price like $149.99 and you can all downloadable content and future DLC in the game for free.
Then if they want to reward good community players make some type of reputation system in steam were other users can vote/add reputation to a player. Then users can use their reputation to get downloadable content in the game of their choosing. I'll let Valve sort out the rules to this system to prevent abuse.
18. EXCellR8
EXCellR8 The Conservative Posts: 2,278
any leeway for members since 2004? still in good standing with VAC
19. lalaman
lalaman TS Rookie Posts: 26
haha u know, it's not you that becomes "unpleasant to play with", it's the one's that call you a hacker that become "unpleasant to play with". So you don't have much to worry =P
20. matrix86
matrix86 TS Maniac Posts: 804 +9
Absolutely not. Everyone should be charged the same price. "to hell with equality" Yeah, it's f*cktards like you that are the problem with society. Just my opinion :p
21. MrAnderson
MrAnderson TS Maniac Posts: 488 +10
I think this is all very interesting. The extreme I'm sure was a joke regarding paying 100 to have parts of a game functionality. Even if that would be funny to imagine a person that is known to be a jerk be charged a rediculos amount for voice chat... but that might have federally legal implications. But sure charge the base price unless they are on good behavior... or contribute to the community in a possitive way heck yeah!
22. Kibaruk
Kibaruk TechSpot Paladin Posts: 1,446 +126
Sir... your ideas are plain dumb! =)
23. "Unpleasant" players should have to pay an extra $100 for a game? Hell no, they shouldn't be able to play the game at all. Anyone who is willing to hack, abuse the mic, or engage in any such antisocial behavior serves absolutely zero use to the "community" (or, more broadly, to humanity), and as such shouldn't be able to buy his way in to annoy everyone else. If a relatively reliable way can be found to identify these miscreants, then do away with them altogether.
24. ramonsterns
ramonsterns TS Enthusiast Posts: 752 +12
Bad idea, prime for trolling and abuse.
25. Flannelwarrior
Flannelwarrior TS Rookie Posts: 149
"These people aren't just paying for games; they're making money from them: some are being paid as much as $20,000 per week."
How can I become one of these people? Haha
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The Tunnel (an overhaul on “Gravel”)
Well, now I’d done it; It took a lot of reasoning and perhaps incredible bouts of stupidity, but the consequences of not doing it will have far outweighed the benefits.
As the sun sank towards the horizon, casting long and numerous shadows on the greyness of the concrete floor, the trees above whistled and scraped and the shadows they casted also bristled and shook, almost like the actions of an insane man who felt that he had been wronged by the world. I found myself focusing intensely on the brightness of the light and its golden tinge, desperately restraining myself to look inside the dark yawning mouth of the tunnel, which spanned the hill, having been drilled through the mountain. However, it had been claimed by ruin, by years of misuse and decay, so that it was unsupported and so no longer safe. To prevent members of the community from entering, the council had decided that the sides of the tunnel would be blocked with concrete, so that entrance would be impossible. However, according to various newspaper reports at the time, the council had backed out of its proposal, and the blockage was never finished; and because of an accident in the tunnel, some of the workers had been crushed to death, under the strain of the heavy rocks which fell from the ceiling, their cries of despair and mortality echoing off the stone walls and reverberating out.
Out into the loneliness.
Again, I resisted the urge to look behind me, to be enveloped by the darkness, for it to make me its own; all my nerves were on edge and I felt panicked, nauseated by the pricking feeling on the back of my neck. My legs were exposed to the bitterly cold air from the tunnel’s core (like the breaths of a living being), and I had trouble forming rational thoughts; any thought turned to screams and howls to run, to leave, to abandon the entrance, as the tunnel was now a place of death and abandonment.
A cold whisper of air whirred around my jacket, stirring up a lone leaf that had fallen off a branch, making it spin, slowly at first, then rapidly faster, as it rose into the air, spiralling in the darkening sky; a piece of rope, twisted around a thin branch, swivelled around and around unceasingly, as the wind slowed: twisting and twisting.
Funny, I thought suddenly; the rope did not match the place it was in: it seemed like someone had deliberately draped it around the branch, and tied a thick knot at the end, securing it on the branch, so the end swayed in the wind, as if it was played upon by invisible hands and fingers. A thick, strong rope… a hangman’s noose???
The crack of a nearby (bottle? can?) pierced the air like the sound of a bullet, and I started, as my legs started to shake uncontrollably, unceasingly, along with my hands. The sound of my heart quickened and intensified, until the beating was almost unbearable; it deadened any outside sound, and it almost deafened me, filling my thoughts, making me inhuman: Thump, thump, thump…
“Dissemble no more! Tear up the planks! It is the beating of his hideous heart!”
This is all a prank, I thought hopefully, as I resisted the urge to scream, to a (deserted?) area where no one will be able to hear me: The bullies at school knew that there was no threat in the tunnels, and so they are now playing tricks on me to scare me into running away from their dare, just because I refused to give them my lunch money!
But, in my heart of hearts, I knew this to be false. It was, however, interesting that I could still think of hope when in the midst of despair and doom.
From the surrounding landscape, or from the heart of the tunnel itself, a slow, steady scrape had started to overlap the silence of the night, slowly, slowly intensifying into a continuous sound that approached my position…
There was something watching me.
The workers are coming to seal the tunnel now…
slowly, slowly, slowly…
I tried desperately to open my mouth to scream.
But there was nobody to hear me.
thump… thump…scrape……………………………………………………………………..
an icy hand gripped my heart. Time to go, I thought quickly; I could barely see the road from which I came from, but I had a torch. Slowly, my hand reached into the pocket, slowly fumbled around in its depths, and found some calmness in the coolness of the metal covering. I gripped the torch like a flaming baton, as I stumbled around the mountain, crying softly to myself. I didn’t care whether the bullies gave me hell the next day; I just wanted to leave.
He had been going for the boy.
As Tony Gallor slowly scraped out of the mouth of the tunnel, his mouth bleeding and a horrible gash on his shoulder, he knew that he would have to walk all the way home, all the way out of the mountain, past the train station, since he did not bring a ticket, and into his house in the suburbs, a distance that would be hell on foot, especially when his left leg was injured; that bicycle crash had been a bad one, and he was forced to spend the night in the depths of the tunnel. And guess what? That boy had the cheek to leave before he even told him the time!
Cold and Numb
The world was cold and dark, and Steven screamed silently as he sank into the icy darkness. His hands clawed desperately through the water, slowly pulling himself upward as his lungs began to burn. Finally his head broke the surface, spluttering and choking as he drew in great ragged breaths of the freezing air. The cold cut into him like a knife but he didn’t care: he was alive, and not drowning. He treaded water desperately as he looked around, searching for any sign of the kayak, or at least the shore somewhere close. No luck there, but he spied a boulder half-submerged around ten metres to his left and began to swim towards it, willing his freezing limbs to make the final effort. The current didn’t help either: it kept dragging him downstream to the left, and it took all of Steven’s strength to maintain a roughly straight course towards the rock. Finally he reached it, and his numbed fingers scrabbled desperately on the slick surface, searching for any crack or lump he could possibly use. His probing fingers found a small crack, and with the last of his strength Steven pulled himself up onto the rock, icy water cascading off of his soaked clothing in miniature waterfalls. Drawing his knees to his chest Steven huddled in a small bundle and took in his surroundings: thick banks of pine trees all along the shore, with a turbulent, angry river surging all around him. No sign of Jess or Will, or of the bright yellow kayak. Shivering again, Steven curled up even tighter, trying to conserve what little body heat he had. He knew he was going to die of hypothermia if he didn’t find shelter soon, but it was so cold. He didn’t want to swim again, not any more.
It was so very cold.
Hamish Tso 11L
The World Within
He flies in his dreams.
In his dreams he soars in the heavens, twisting and turning through the blackness of the night, free to roam high above the confines of the streets as he spins and whirls in the air, laughing with glee as the restraints fall away and he can go higher, and higher.
In his dreams he is invincible, and infinite; nothing can affect him, the sadness and hatred of the small ant-people below, he is free from them, free to soar and glide as he pleases, free to move and dive, free to say and do whatever he wants and no one is going to stop him, even if they were able.
In his dreams the world is no longer a prison, but a playground, nothing can stop him from going down the slides of the waterfalls or climbing the rocks of the tallest mountains, he can jump from the tallest peak and simply fly away, never touching the hard, unforgiving ground.
In his dreams there are no restraints, no white walls, no harsh lights and no strong hands. They cannot touch him, push him down or hurt him anymore. He can spread his arms and cry out with joy, the pure happiness found only in those who are truly free. He is untouchable, a spirit in the world of the living.
In his dreams he is content, far more than anyone else.
Hamish Tso 11L
A walk along the sky (unfinished?)
A walk along the sky
There were Venn diagrams in the puddles.
A bird lies on the grass.
Where did you go, little worm?
Where were you going?
Where are you now?
Strewn across the tarmac,
Strewn across the sky.
A bird lay in the grass.
Curled like wallpaper,
peeling at the edges.
Fading like wallpaper:
The end of a song.
Won’t you sing again?
A bird laid with the grass.
The soil is soaked,
A bird sinks into the grass
A bird sank into the grass
The bird sunk into the grass.
Where did you go?
Where were you going?
Won’t you sing again?
The Little Blue Marching Band
There’s a tiny marching band in my head.
They wear little blue hats and play little blue drums that go a-boom boom boom and a-clap clap clap. And on the little blue hats are little blue rats that snap to the beat, they a-snap snap snap; rat-a-tat-tat. And the little blue men, they stomp stomp stomp, they clomp clomp clomp; and the little blue rats, they a-chomp chomp chomp. “Ouch ouch ouch!” shout the little blue men, as they clomp and they stomp and they stamp and they clap. “Please stop chomping, that chomping, that awful chomp chomp chomp, or we’ll snatch you up and a-stomp stomp stomp, all over you tiny little rut rut ruts, until the ground is a-soaked with your gut gut guts. But the ruts, they don’t listen to those ouch ouches, those shout shout-es, they just bite bite bite, full of spite spite spite, as the men a-cry-a and a-sigh-a at their plight plight plight. And so the men snatch up the little rut-a-tat-tuts, they snatch them, yes they snatch them all uppity up. And the ruts, they a-wriggle, they a-jiggle, they struggle and scut, but that doesn’t help them; they’re snatched uppity up. Now they a-cry-a, they a-sigh-a, they shout ouch ouch ouch: “Oh please don’t stomp us, please don’t clomp us, please don’t gobble us up! We won’t chomp, we won’t bite, we won’t snap or clap or rat-a-tat-tat! We’ll even stay off your little blue hats!” But the men, they don’t listen to those ouch ouches, those shout shout-es, at the ruts’ plight plight plight. They won’t sigh or a-cry, they’re full of spite spite spite. And so they snatch snatch snatch the little rut-a-tut-tums, and throw throw throw them onto their little blue drums.
And the rats go snap: snap snap snap.
And the marching band wears their little blue hats, and play their little blue drums, that go a-boom boom boom, and a-clap clap clap.
Walking out of the cake shop, Mary smiled as she glanced at the colourful cylindrical cardboard box she was holding; inside, sat a beautifully cake that she had specifically designed over the internet dedicated to her husband on Valentine’s day next week.
On the road adjacent to Mary, a dark blue Mazda was speeding its way down the road, avoiding the vehicles on the way. The tyres screeched as it swerved to the left at the corner and continued to accelerate.
Mary halted in front of the road and watched the cars pass, waited until it was deserted, then crossed the road. What she didn’t take notice of was the blue Mazda a hundred metres or so at an incredibly fast speed approaching her. As she crossed the road, she heard the angry rumbling noise of the car engine metres away from her. She froze in place and screamed.
Her scream had brought the drunk driver out of his unconscious mind and he made an attempt to brake the car, but it was too late.
Its momentum had sent Mary back into the air and onto her back. The cake flew away from her grasp and was completely destroyed landing on the concrete nearby.
The driver did not choose to claim his responsibility to at least help her but instead, he reversed his car and fled away.
Sitting on a violet cushion by a table near the window, Alex raised his cup of coffee and took a sip in delight at the sudden burst of energy the Cappuccino had provided him over his exhaustion.
He could hear the faint jazz music coming out from the band in the far end whilst the audience cheered and laughed in the background. Outside, the sunny day was blurred by droplets of rain that started to drum softly on the window pane.
There was a familiar ringtone coming from an object vibrating on the table. Alex picked up his phone and answered,
‘Are you the husband of Mary Jackson?’
‘Yes, what about my wife?’
‘I am sorry sir to inform you that your wife was hit by a car. She was sent to our hospital moments ago and her condition is now temporarily stabilised. She will be undergoing a diagnosis soon to determine her injuries. Our hospital is located in Boxhill, the 8th of Flour Street. Best of luck to your wife sir.’
Alex gasped and dropped his cup of Coffee, spilling it onto the floor.
He dropped a few gold coins on the table and rushed out of the bar to where his car was, and drove to the hospital.
At the sight of a tall white building with a Red Cross on it, Alex immediately knew that that was the hospital. He parked his car and leaped up the stairs three steps at a time and crashed through the door.
Inside the hospital, Alex felt the chill of cool air from the air conditioners nearby that had also brought along a smell of antiseptics. Walking towards the end of the hallway, a middle-aged man with a pair of smart-looking square glasses in a white vest stood behind the receptionist’s desk, who greeted at the sight of Alex. It did not take Alex long to inquire the location of his wife.
After dodging through a busy traffic of patients on wheelchairs and hospital beds, he came to a halt in front of room T17. Alex gently pushed open the door and saw three doctors surrounding a hospital bed with a heart monitor next to it beeping consistently. The doctors seemed to be in a deep discussion, then one of them finally noticed his presence and waved him out.
Outside, the doctor pulled off his gloves and spoke,
‘Well I believe you are the husband of Mary Jackson,’
Alex only nodded in tears,
‘She was involved in a car crash that has unfortunately severed your wife’s abdomen and damaged both of her kidneys, has resulted in kidney failure. A kidney transplant is required in order to save your wife’s life.’ the doctor handed Alex a contract form,
‘The sooner the better. Whilst we search for a donor, you can have a read through this contract, and give it in along with your payment as soon as possible.’
‘Thank you very much!’ that was all Alex could say.
‘Good luck to your wife!’
The doctor turned away and walked back into T17.
Alex sat silently in his car, staring into the night-sky through the glass pane of his sunroof. The chill of the night air was cold. There were numerous stars strikingly bright in the distance, each of them glistened in their own unique way. Hope, he thought. He turned on the ignition of the car and headed for home.
On the second night, Alex brought the signed form along with the payment to the reception. Then he gently pushed the door of T17 and saw his wife on the hospital bed with several long, thin tubes attached to her arm that connected to a container hanging down a stand. Despite of the oxygen mask that had nearly concealed her entire face, Alex could still see Mary’s pair of crystal blue innocent eyes staring at him in delight and could picture her grin from beneath. Pulling a chair from the other end of the room to Mary’s bed, Alex sat beside her and held her hand whilst telling her how much he loves her and holiday plans after she had recovered to cheer her up. As the night slowly passed, Alex uncontrollably slumped back and fell into sleep.
On the third day, the doctors and Alex were getting impatient and anxious because no donor had turned up yet to Mary’s aid. Mary’s conditions were worsened and weakened her as she could no longer grasp back Alex’s hand and her heartbeats were slowed.
On the fourth day, Alex had bravely decided to donate one of his kidneys to save his dear lovely wife. He knew it was her only chance of surviving, and he could not let her go. He told doctors of his decision and after going through a scan, his kidney was fortunately able to match the requirements for it to function well inside Mary’s feeble body.
They had set to an agreement for the surgery to be performed the next day to in order to provide sufficient time for both Alex and the surgeons to prepare, which the kidney transplantation would follow up and be transplanted into Mary to stabilise her condition and to start recovering.
On the fifth day, as arranged, the surgery began in the afternoon.
Alex laid on the surgery bed as instructed. Staring at the lights that were angled over his body whilst the surgeons pulled over an oxygen mask and gave him a dose of anaesthetic, he fell into thoughts of how the surgeons would slice his abdomen and how they would take his kidney out and put it into his wife’s body, and had unconsciously fallen into sleep.
The surgery was successful and the Doctors assured Alex that Mary was recovering well and that at this rate, she was expected to be recovered by next week with much rest. Meanwhile, Alex planned a surprise for her.
On the day Mary walked out of the hospital, Alex gave his thanks to the doctors and drove her straight to their apartment, where he blindfolded Mary and made her sit on the sofa whilst he cooked for the very first time from a cookbook dishes he knew Mary would like. When the daylight fades out, he switched off all the lights, lighted the candles and helped Mary to the dining room then took the cloth off her eyes.
In the dark, Mary saw the most beautiful candles lit that brightened the table full of dishes such as: a roasted chicken that sat on the centre of the table in a beautiful golden brown texture, a plate of spaghetti in a rich mixture of sauce, a large bowl of pumpkin soup and many other delicacies that seemed like a surplus even for two of them.
‘But Alex…’ Her complaint was immediately rejected by a finger from Alex,
‘Shhhhhh, this is all dedicated to you my love, just enjoy your meal.’
When dinner was over, Alex held Mary’s arm and together they walked upstairs towards the apartment roof, when Alex blindfolded Mary once more.
Whilst Mary waited in patience, Alex walked towards a light switch and switched it on, then removed the cloth from Mary’s eyes.
Standing without the cloth, tears of happiness flowed down Mary’s jaw as she stared in awe, the whole roof was covered with neon lights that resembled the words of ‘Happy Valentine’s Day!’
Her memories were suddenly recalled from the car accident where she suddenly realised she lost the cake.
The look of worry from her face was easily interpreted by Alex, who knew what she needed,
‘Don’t worry my wife, just enjoy,’ he assured her as he gestured towards a picnic mat on the floor nearby, where two wine glasses stood with a bottle of wine.
‘Happy Valentines my dear!’ In the distance, fireworks were shot into the air and splayed into a dance of colours that illuminated the starry night sky, represented Alex’s hope and love for Mary.
The crash
Something had suddenly triggered an explosion from the front of the corridor, presumably near the control room. The blast had sent of a sudden violent jolt that vibrated throughout the entire plane and fear was soon spread among the passengers of the plane; infants broke into tears as they screamed for protection in their voice for the comfort of their parents. The distress among those young voices, sounded like sirens and the screeching that only grew harsher and louder.
The plane descended and twisted without warning, a sickening feeling of this sudden dreadful event was clutching my guts for comfort. I was in my seat with my seat belt secure, whilst it had caused many to unexpectedly stagger down the corridor; some had fortunately managed to clutch onto seats whilst those of unfortunate continued down the corridor, where the fuselage no longer existed but of emptiness revealed the menacing blue ocean deep below awaiting for their arrival.
The plane head now spun one-eighty degrees as it now faces the clear blue sky. There was no anticipation as to when the sudden impact of hitting the water surface will be. As anxiety grew, I recalled a brief video played earlier to inform passengers in many different dangerous scenarios; one of which was an orange life vest that can be found under every seat. With a stretch under my seat, I found what I was looking for. I fumbled to release my seatbelt and hastily put the life vest, then clicked the seat belt back into place.
Soon there was an impact upon the surface of the ocean and all was lost under the sea.
In the deep blue ocean, I struggled to release myself from my seat, and when I finally did, it felt like I was ascending into heaven, where god awaits for me at the top, a bright light of haven lay above the surface of the water, or rather, I was floating my way past the rows of seats of innocent victims out of the plane and eventually, I found myself out of peril and I was breathing again. I took a deep breath and dived back into the chill of the ocean in an attempt to save others, but the plane had already sunk into darkness, out of sight. I floated back to the surface and found comfort of a large piece of the plane’s debris where I seated upon.
Days drifted past at the only sight of the vast ocean. For days I shivered in coldness and I seldom stumbled upon the luck of a sea turtle or a reckless fish swimming so close to me that I can catch easily. I wondered when hope will finally greet me as my chances of survival were diminishing.
Then one day, that day, was when I had heard a familiar sound of something chopping through the air, and I found myself staring at three helicopters flying towards me to my rescue.
I am, the lone survivor of the plane crash, owe my life to the passengers of that flight and therefore, I have decided to spend the rest of my life to help rescue further endangered lives. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9810373783111572}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '122054', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7XI2HJEUMYU5V4HLUXHCMV3K2EOO2JJC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c680c0b5-743c-4998-9138-452e2eb3c32a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 18, 8, 46, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QOY5XSNWL776SIO46JTTMN7LLC6XHPDN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ec2b75ba-8887-41e2-a5c3-d2f63c5937a9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://unicornexpressmhs.wordpress.com/2015/06/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a7f7d22d-d8e7-4641-9d14-64b6036ce2a7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3984', 'url': 'https://unicornexpressmhs.wordpress.com/2015/06/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-245.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11190879344940186', 'original_id': 'e53efa7cd153a5624bb859060b0d6f595dcf64a140eb4e084ff6bf383bcb1150'} |
Related: How to Manage Generational Dynamics
Today’s workplace is a bit more complicated. For the first time in history, entrepreneurs have to manage the challenges of four generations under one roof. Often, the biggest challenge is getting the generations to see past their biases and learn to work together toward a common goal.
The culture and major historical events of its time shape the worldview of each generation and how they approach work. They tend to differ on everything from dress code, to work hours, to interoffice communication. Leadership can encourage harmonious collaboration by:
Creating Diverse Teams. As new projects come up, leaders should develop teams that draw from a cross-section of all generations. When setting up these teams, pull based on skill, rather than age and then diversify as needed.
Keeping Employees Connected and Engaged. Employees of all generations want to know that their work is valuable to the organization. Be sure they understand how their role in specific projects will help the bottom line and benefit them personally. Ask them who they’d like to have on their team in order to reach those goals. Keep this in mind as you develop teams for future projects.
Creating Mentoring Opportunities. Partnering younger workers with older workers can have a positive impact on larger teams. Younger workers can learn the value of structure and face-to-face interaction. They can benefit from Boomers’ experience with the company. Boomers can also learn from their younger counterparts. They may pick up new technology skills and begin to embrace work-life-balance. They can also learn new and faster ways to complete tasks.
Related: Are Millennials Really the Entrepreneurial Generation?
Looking Beyond Experience and Skill Sets. Skills can be learned, attitude cannot. Leaders should look for more than experience and skill sets from younger workers, and look more at their behaviors. Gen Y is typically very enthusiastic about work. Their enthusiasm may revive teams who are a bit more jaded. When building teams, identify underlying characteristics and soft skills that can help move the organization forward.
Productively Dealing With Conflict. Exposing different generations to one another on a regular basis can create tension but, when managed effectively, that tension lead to innovation and greater collaboration. Effective leaders help teams work through their differences and understand that everyone has something valuable to bring to the table. Have processes in place for employees to raise issues, voice perspectives and resolve conflict productively.
Every generation has valuable lessons that they can teach the next. Traditionalists and Baby Boomers often have an encyclopedic knowledge of their industry and organization. They can be a wellspring of “tricks of the trade” that younger workers need to learn. Generation X can often act as a bridge between younger and older workers, serving as mediators who value fairness. Gen Y can teach everyone a thing or two about technology and how to value work-life-balance. When members of different generations are encouraged to work together, it builds understanding and trust, helping create a cohesive, yet diverse team.
Related: Motivating Gen X, Gen Y Workers | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '57', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9602465629577636}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37479', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4AZXFHHWTKG7GNKLP45O7TQ5ZBZWNJMX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8197ccd9-52ec-4c06-9bb0-db447ff6436b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 46, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.81', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:34IY7YX6Q2VH36RO4YZZVYM4I2RP6UA7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:90ab96fe-3b20-439a-957a-0eeedfb5f4d0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/234314', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c07c904-bbf0-4feb-a7b5-df5d90879011>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '551', 'url': 'http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/234314', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11275863647460938', 'original_id': '477fec3fd1b0bb63ef636c8286006cdae545ce18557148e52888eaa58808cbb8'} |
Member Since: May 12, 2009
Country: United States
• okay, address question - in the schematics, there is a read address and a write address for both the accel and gyro, but the code examples, only one address is being used - is there some byte magic happening here.
this is the way i understand it… if you would want to send data to either chip, you would send it the the ‘write’ address, give it the register address, then the data to put in the register. if you would want to read from the chip, you would supply the read address, the register address and ask for a certain amount of bytes, ie 6 for the accel (x,y,z * 2 each, for int) ??
or something i dont understand?
any help is appreciated - thanks.
follow-up…. bad solder joint. the 7bit address is the one to use with the wire library.
No public wish lists :( | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '17', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9481059908866882}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '45566', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G7Q5AMPJJNPM6PU6H6XSPI6K3ABDEXNQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:353fcbde-112f-4a92-93c1-d74e885c956b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 29, 23, 44, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '204.144.132.37', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3W2KOK3BWIN4QQZDFBKMEHH7DIBZS6M3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b934b20d-20d4-47e2-8ecf-000b51b171fe>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.sparkfun.com/users/70182', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f68fa3c1-6721-42aa-834d-e7b3f5ce8459>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '173', 'url': 'https://www.sparkfun.com/users/70182', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08335167169570923', 'original_id': '4781f6858146cae172f1c034eb72d6601eb781a6ba3e64cf86fec4e954f43baf'} |
Help With Linux
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I can't get btsync to work on my Linux VPS. Perhaps there's a firewall issue? I tried setting up a custom listening port and opened that in the server's firewall.
I think I've configured it correctly and don't see any errors in the log, but the server never connects to any of the other device with the same secret (there were three of them when I tested, in different cities with different internet connections, all able to see each other).
My config file is:
Here's the log output (debug enabled):
For the firewall I've opened port 4242 for TCP_IN, TCP_OUT, UDP_IN, UDP_OUT. Any ideas/suggestions?
I'm using the latest version (downloaded today) on CentOS.
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I tested the exact same config file in an Ubuntu 12.0.4 virtual machine and it works perfectly.
Why isn't it working on CentOS? Maybe the production datacenter firewall is causing issues? How can I debug it?
The firewall is a hardware cisco box, I opened the listening port and confirmed it's open, but is there anything else that needs opening?
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This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.933091402053833}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70656', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KYCJRWQKGONRERZYEUF2EK5GBD5R5DHW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e9405e0e-2f4f-4367-9cf7-453b3f6d83bf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 9, 27, 10, 13, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.249.43.77', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZAC2I3IUPV2IVET6XBYLX7KM2PLQUKFL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6abe641-47ba-4bdd-9edd-34438bedae4f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://forum.resilio.com/topic/25233-help-with-linux/?tab=comments', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5da6b705-05b0-47d7-ba85-0be661fe4cb3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '202', 'url': 'https://forum.resilio.com/topic/25233-help-with-linux/?tab=comments', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-103.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8043755292892456', 'original_id': '566a765dcbb0f7148743e575a6a5f816acc08610b49d7154c2c7f01d0f6e7521'} |
Definitions for oxides
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word oxides
U.S. National Library of Medicine
1. Oxides
1. Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of oxides in Chaldean Numerology is: 7
2. Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of oxides in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
Sample Sentences & Example Usage
1. Mieczyslaw Kaczmarczyk:
Inside there are highly effective, catalytic gas burners which burn the gas superbly. Their unique feature is that the combustion of gas occurs at a very high temperature, about 800 degrees (Celsius). Therefore the gas burns completely, it burns very accurately, and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides are not produced.
2. Pope Francis:
It is true that there are other factors - such as volcanic activity, variations in the earth's orbit and axis, the solar cycle - yet a number of scientific studies indicate that most global warming in recent decades is due to the great concentration of greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and others - released mainly as a result of human activity.
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"oxides." STANDS4 LLC, 2017. Web. 22 Feb. 2017. <>.
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Lesson 39: Job
Primary 6: Old Testament, (1996), 172–75
To help the children have faith and remain strong through trials.
1. 1.
Prayerfully study:
• Job 1—Job’s property and children are destroyed, but he continues to worship God.
• Job 2:1–12—Job is smitten with boils.
• Job 19:13–29—Job tells of his afflictions and testifies of the Redeemer.
• Job 22:5–10—Job’s friends accuse him of sins.
• Job 27:2–5—Job asserts his integrity.
• Job 42:7–17—The Lord chastises Job’s friends. Job is blessed with twice as much as he had before.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Materials needed:
1. a.
A Bible for each child.
2. b.
A pencil and a piece of jewelry with a diamond (if available).
Suggested Lesson Development
Invite a child to give the opening prayer.
Attention Activity
Show the children the pencil and explain that the writing portion of the pencil is graphite, which is a form of carbon. Ask the children to estimate the value of the graphite in the pencil. Then show the diamond (or describe one) and explain that scientists believe diamonds were formed millions of years ago when carbon was subjected to great heat and pressure. Diamonds are very valuable because they are the hardest natural substance, they make beautiful jewelry, and they can be used in industry for cutting and grinding. You may want to have the children estimate the value of the diamond. Discuss how the graphite in the pencil and the diamond are made of the same substance (carbon), yet the diamond is much more valuable. Ask the children what happened to the diamond to make it so valuable.
Compare problems and trials we have in life to the heat and pressure that carbon must undergo to become diamonds. Explain that the “heat” and “pressure” that our trials bring us can make us strong like a diamond if we remain faithful to Heavenly Father. Ask the children to listen as you tell them about a man who suffered many trials but never lost his faith in God.
Scripture Account
Teach the children about Job from the scriptures listed in the “Preparation” section. (For suggested ways to teach the scripture account, see “Teaching from the Scriptures,” p. vii.) During the discussion help the children understand that Job was a just and perfect man who was blessed with great riches. The Lord allowed Satan to tempt and try Job so Job could prove his faithfulness.
Discussion and Application Questions
• What kind of a man was Job? (Job 1:1.) How many sons and daughters did he have? (Job 1:2.) What did Satan think would happen if Job lost his wealth and family? (Job 1:11.)
• What happened to Job’s children and his wealth? (Job 1:13–19.) How did Job respond to these losses? (Job 1:21–22.) Explain that “nor charged God foolishly” means to not blame God for trials. Why should we not blame the Lord for our trials? (See enrichment activity 1.)
• What did Satan think would happen if Job had to suffer physically? (Job 2:5.) What physical suffering did the Lord allow Satan to test Job with? (Job 2:7.)
• How did Job’s friends, family, and servants respond when Job suffered his trials? (Job 19:13–19.) How should we respond when we see others suffering? Whom did Job continue to testify of, even after suffering so much physically and mentally? (Job 19:25–27.) How can we be strengthened through our trials if we continue to testify of the Savior?
• What sins of Job’s did his friends think were responsible for his great suffering? (Job 22:5–9.) Explain that sometimes suffering can be brought about by our own sins, but in many cases, as with Job, it is not. Why do trials fall upon the righteous as well as the wicked? (See enrichment activity 2.)
• What did Job resolve to do no matter what happened to him? (Job 27:4–5.) How could this type of resolve help us deal with our daily trials?
• How did the Lord respond to Job’s friends after they accused him of wickedness? (Job 42:7–9.) How did the Lord bless Job after he remained faithful through his trials? (Job 42:10–17.) How might the Lord bless us if we remain faithful through our trials? (See enrichment activity 4.) How can your trials be a blessing to you?
Enrichment Activities
1. 1.
Tell the children about baby birds, who, when they are about to hatch, peck at the shell to free themselves. What would happen if we broke the shell away because we felt sorry for the bird? Explain that the bird might die. Through pecking at the shell, birds build up enough strength so when they are free of the shell they will be strong enough to live. Discuss how our trials can make us strong so that we can return to live with Heavenly Father.
2. 2.
Tell in your own words the following incident, and then discuss it:
President Spencer W. Kimball, twelfth President of the Church, told of a lady who asked him: “‘Why is it that those who do the least in the building of the kingdom seem to prosper most? … We observe the Sabbath and attend our meetings; they play golf, hunt, fish, and play. … We pay much for tithing and for other Church donations; they have their entire large income to lavish upon themselves. … It seems to me that it does not pay to live the gospel—that the proud and the covenant-breakers are the ones who prosper.’” President Kimball explained that we will eventually reap what we have sown. He said, “The time of reckoning is as sure as is the passage of time and the coming of eternity. All who live shall eventually stand before the bar of God to be judged according to their works. The final assignments will constitute rewards and punishments according to the kinds of lives they lived on earth. … The books are not balanced daily, but rather at the harvest time” (The Miracle of Forgiveness [1969], pp. 301–4).
3. 3.
Prepare slips of paper with the following words, or words of your own choice, on them: eyes, bread, book, tree, horse, swim. Tell the children that you are going to teach them a game called Twenty Questions. Have a child stand in front of the class and choose one of the slips of paper without showing the other children. The class members try to figure out what word is on the paper by taking turns asking questions that can be answered “yes” or “no,” such as: “Is it something to eat? Is it an animal? Is it part of the body?” The child at the front responds with a stare if the answer is “yes” or a blink of the eyes if it is “no.” (This is the only way the girl in the following story could communicate.) They get twenty questions to try to figure out what is on the slip of paper. (You will probably only have enough time to play this game once.)
Discuss with the children how Heather kept a positive attitude and faith in Jesus even though she couldn’t talk or have control of her body. Discuss trials children may have to face and how they can remain faithful through those trials.
4. 4.
Ask the children to imagine a long string of yarn wrapped around the earth many times. Tell them that the yarn represents eternity. Have them imagine a half-inch section of that yarn. This section represents the short period of time we live here on earth. Read together Doctrine and Covenants 121:7–10 and discuss how this life is very short compared to eternity. If we can withstand our trials and remain faithful, we will be blessed throughout all eternity.
5. 5.
Share with the children how the trials in your life have made you stronger as you remained faithful to your Heavenly Father.
Suggested Family Sharing
Suggested Home Reading
Suggest that the children study Job 27:2–5 at home as a review of this lesson.
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Well, I'm still testing out this blog function. Right now I'm going to use it to talk about the Featured Story of the Day: "Another Day, Another Million Deaths"
I get my story ideas from mostly just going about my day. If someone, or several someones, almost run into me on the highway then I write a story about road rage. If I'm feeling super excited about The Dark Knight Rises, then I write a story about Batman (The Fire Rises).
Todays story I got the idea for after hearing someone mention the Grim Reaper on one of the many podcasts I listen to. They mentioned it in passing and it made me think a story about the Grim Reaper would be cool. So I do what I always try to do when I'm out and about (btw, do we really need the "about" part of out and about?). I opened up my phone and went to the "notes" app and wrote down the idea real quick. In this case all I wrote was "Grim Reaper story". Sometimes all I'll write at first is the title and that is enough to make me remember what it is I wanted to write about. Other times if I'm able I'll just take a few minutes and write the whole story right then.
Stories or ideas of the Grim Reaper being tired aren't new. They've been done many times from "Death takes a holiday" to the movie "Meet Joe Black" and I think several episodes of Family Guy.
So I knew this wasn't exactly an original idea and I didn't have a lot of space to get the idea across due to my self imposed restrictions on Miniature Fiction. So I wanted to quickly get a story told that showed the Grim Reaper feels like he needs a vacation not just because he works all the time, but because he remembers each and every person he encounters and is sad from sending the vast majority to hell.
Anyway, if your reading feel free to submit a story, new authors are always welcome.
Leave a Reply. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9731528162956238}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '22630', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CWMXA5BJF4OA5BKEFUP3GJXE4MK7B4CC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1456d946-7bb3-4ada-9ae6-0f3f2a9196be>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 19, 19, 39, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.34.228.54', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JYMF4JD4RZSILCBD7TLHUOKRGSMVOZXN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4ddb714a-3487-4f7e-a1ef-d4f4f485e69a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://microfiction.weebly.com/miniature-fiction-blog/miniature-fiction-episode-2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:26b3c5ed-33fc-4797-9fa7-8ca4807e1a35>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '344', 'url': 'http://microfiction.weebly.com/miniature-fiction-blog/miniature-fiction-episode-2', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-45-50.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018311798572540283', 'original_id': '5312cc9ef4c8f7691bc5f3879ccd1c4d7846c04fe295948877e3fe0870a09748'} |
Yuliya Borisova
Yuliya Konstantinova Borisova (; born 17 March 1925 in Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian actress of theater and film. She plays in Vakhtangov Theatre more than sixty years. One of the most notable TV roles is in The Idiot. She was also a politician, being member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia from 1963.
References
External links
Герои страны
Category:1925 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from Moscow
Category:Russian film actresses
Category:Russian stage actresses
Category:Soviet film actresses
Category:Soviet stage actresses
Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class
Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour
Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Category:People's Artists of the USSR
Category:People's Artists of the RSFSR
Category:Honored Artists of the RSFSR
Category:State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class | mini_pile | {'original_id': '00cd0487c88c8a67beb5f19840d6142b394940ef4f81c908a2a1a37a35a4b1a1'} |
Tuesday, February 09, 2010
Water, Conservation & Dams
This is an argument that is recent, as since ancient times, humans have always used dam technology to store water, and from our perspective, it is still the best way to do so.
While conservation is something that should primarily be left up to individual jurisdictions or individuals themselves, depending on their specific circumstances; building large dams to store millions of acre feet of water is something only the largest jurisdictions can adequately pursue and it is crucial California again consider bringing large new dams online for water storage and flood protection.
This article from the Hanford Sentinel examines the issues.
An excerpt.
“If there's one issue that virtually everybody agrees on in Sacramento, it's that California has water problems. Three years of drought, endangered species restrictions on pumping, a growing population, huge areas of the state without natural water supplies, an outdated delivery system -- the list of liquid challenges for the Golden State goes on and on.
“The problem was felt last year by urban residents in Southern California who faced mandatory rationing. But the issue also had a big impact on agriculture, the largest water user in the state. In Kings County, supervisors declared a state of emergency all year. Farmers, particularly those who count on water pumped from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta, grew increasingly worried about whether there would be enough.
“In many cases, fields were left fallow and millions of dollars were lost in production along with thousands of agricultural jobs. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, estimated that water shortages cost the San Joaquin Valley 21,000 jobs in 2009. In Avenal and Kettleman City, unemployment soared past 30 percent.
“It's impossible to deny that water is becoming a bigger and bigger issue. But when it comes to solutions, agreement tends to evaporate. Nowhere is that more obvious than in the argument between environmentally-minded conservationists and advocates for new dams.
“Case in point: Recent testimony by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based think tank specializing in water issues.
“Pacific Institute President Peter Gleick testified at a congressional hearing recently that California could save 1 million acre-feet quickly and cost effectively by adopting comprehensive conservation measures in cities and fields.
“Urban residents, Gleick said, would need to replace $2 billion worth of inefficient toilets, shower heads, restaurant spray rinse nozzles and washing machines. Farmers would need to convert more of their orchards, vegetable fields and vineyards to drip lines and micro-sprinklers. They would also need to apply just the right amount of water at just the right time, with no extra water soaking into the ground.
“All these conservation measures promise to save enough water to supply approximately one million households for a year.
"A gallon of water conserved is equivalent to a gallon of new storage," said Heather Cooley, a senior research associate at the Pacific Institute.
“Actually, however, the Institute seems to tip the argument in favor of conservation. Gleick, Cooley and others argue that conservation is far more effective and cheaper at providing additional water than building dams.
“But many, particularly those in agriculture, say that claim is overstated. They maintain that a new dam would provide far more benefits than the Institute lets on.
“Locally, many are still pushing for Temperance Flat, a proposed second dam on the San Joaquin River above the existing one at Millerton Lake in Fresno County.
“Millerton Lake, with 500,000 acre-feet of capacity, is inadequate to capture the runoff from the San Joaquin in wet years, argues Don Mills, general manager of the Kings County Water District. Mills points out that Pine Flat Reservoir on the Kings River has double the capacity of Millerton, yet both rivers produce nearly the same amount of snowmelt runoff.
“That argument extends into the issue of flood control benefits. Mills noted that in the last really wet year -- 2005-2006 -- one million-acre feet of water from Pine Flat and Millerton flowed out to sea because there was no way to capture it. High flows in the San Joaquin River channel, some if it Kings River water, threatened to flood some Fresno County communities like Firebaugh. Mills and other local water leaders would dearly love to keep that excess Kings River water in Kings County, either by banking it underground or by catching it in above-ground storage.
"The majority of these projects, most of the benefits are flood control," Mills said.
“When it comes to agricultural water conservation measure recommended by the Institute, Mills said he doesn't believe that they can be fully implemented without sacrificing production. If, as suggested, pistachio and almond farmers practiced a technique called "deficit irrigation" -- meaning they deliberately stress the plant by applying less water at certain times -- yields would drop, he said.
“The California Farm Water Coalition doesn't completely disagree with the Institute on the potential for agricultural conservation. The coalition just disagrees on the amount of water Institute analysts think farmers can save. The coalition says actual on-the-ground potential savings that won't sacrifice production are far less than Institute estimates.
“But farming interests and other San Joaquin Valley water advocates have bigger arguments on the table. They are convinced that in order for California agriculture to keep enough water and still leave enough for growing cities, more water storage is needed.” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9497853517532348}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62579', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OZFX23NQRP6VBR3AJT2ZCIX6CPWQJS5T', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4d0783fd-5268-4eb3-8a11-79684757bf25>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 23, 2, 3, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5N7HCWX3L2HLI7A5NKYYFCJZYRGV4EDA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:39dea13f-87b9-470d-8c2f-66e4a7ead7c0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://parkwayblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/water-conservation-dams.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1f0df041-ef6f-4644-bfbb-4a71532d795d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '862', 'url': 'http://parkwayblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/water-conservation-dams.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-31-62-84.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04519850015640259', 'original_id': '9b96b8bdf67cc92603fdc9d437bc3d36c8e6381d0cee9605ad6acf86c3070bf6'} |
Choose your platform
In the wake of King Uther’s sudden death, chaos threatens to engulf Britain. When the sorcerer Merlin (Joseph Fiennes of SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE) has visions of a dark future, he installs the young and impetuous Arthur (Jamie Campbell Bower of the TWILIGHT series), Uther’s unknown son and heir, who has been raised from birth as a commoner. But Arthur’s cold and ambitious half-sister Morgan (Eva Green of CASINO ROYALE) will fight him to the bitter end, summoning unnatural forces to claim the crown in this epic battle for control. These are dark times indeed for the new king, with Guinevere (Tamsin Egerton of THE MISTS OF AVALON) being the only shining light in his harsh world. Faced with profound moral decisions, and the challenge of uniting a kingdom broken by war and steeped in deception, Arthur will be tested beyond imagination. Forget everything you think you know…this is the story of Camelot that has never been told before.
Featured TV Shows | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '82', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8992521166801453}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62085', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:B2YEW2J5TCEKIG4QI74GHJMPZOAJWR24', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:97985d27-8b72-401e-b9a4-159d1706a5b9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 20, 25, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.13.176.185', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6LISHQ7SNCKRN2W7XQSAKZQA3J3DMTD4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e17ba6d2-64f3-45e1-8ce6-dc00615fddae>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://us.playstation.com/ps3/shows-and-tv-series/camelot.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:be356d30-e010-4d97-9e99-1c955620cf88>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '165', 'url': 'http://us.playstation.com/ps3/shows-and-tv-series/camelot.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-186-87-179.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022751212120056152', 'original_id': '06f3f29ac8e1fdc7907b06d036b346bf54c8f06a081f4312711ab012e70a2afc'} |
3 October 2006
Microsoft Windows Vista Security Issues
Wah lau eh!!! this Microsoft really wanna monopolised the software market liow lidis! They now dunwan let third party touch their OS, so if u use Window Vista then you no need buy antivirus and firewall and spyware all are built in by Microsoft.
The good thing is its consider free la (buden kambing from Microsoft, where got free things wan rite anot?) the bad thing is since Microsoft is in charge of the security for this OS, i could almost see it! 90% of the world's computers kaputED at the same time bcoz someone successfully penetrated thru their defense protocols. (which is great, imagine the amount of electricity saved from all this pcs being down lol!)
Why they don wanna let 3rd party make antivirus, firewalls, spyware and adware removers or addons program for Windows Vista? They claimed its gonna be more secure if no one knows about their wat wat kernel system la but I think they got noodle behind the wantan mee wan!
You remembered the windows 98? Yar my office got lotsa desktop with windows 98 innit (legitimate wan of coz) but Microsoft no longer supports this OS, in other words ..... if u r using Windows 98 and you got problems with it .... you are on your own! Microsoft fark u no free!
So by controlling the security features in Vista they could stop the security support and have all the existing Vista users buy their latest products for the fear of not having any protection for their OS. Lidat whatever they come out also u must buy la!! if not u hailat ledi wan! lol
Microsoft 'taking security risks'
Microsoft is taking security risks with its forthcoming Vista operating system, says software firm McAfee.
The security specialist has taken out a full-page advert in the Financial Times to alert readers to its concerns.
It feels the tech giant is increasing risks of hacks and viruses by locking out third-party software firms from its in-built security system for Vista.
The row also involves the European Union, which is watching Vista's release for signs of monopoly abuse.
"With its upcoming Vista operating system, Microsoft is embracing the flawed logic that computers will be more secure if it stops co-operating with the independent security firms," wrote George Samenuk, McAfee's chairman and chief executive in the advert.
'Preventing releases'
McAfee says Microsoft is stopping security firms from accessing the core of the operating system, called the kernel, and is therefore preventing them from releasing third-party security add-ons.
Attacks on the kernel of an operating system - such as malicious drivers for peripherals and rootkit hacks - have become commonplace among users of Microsoft's Windows XP.
Microsoft is locking security firms - and other software developers - out of the core in an effort to prevent kernel attacks on Vista.
'Constructive dialogue'
A Microsoft spokesman said: "Our goal is to deliver a fully innovative, secure version of Windows Vista that is compliant with EU law. We have an ongoing and constructive dialogue with the European Commission on these issues."
The European Commission is involved in the debate after it fined Microsoft 497m euros (£335m) in 2004 for anti-competitive behaviour.
Security firms such as McAfee and Symantec believe Microsoft's actions around security for Vista amounts to a similar anti-competitive stance.
Last month the European Union competition commissioner, Neelie Kroes, accused Microsoft of orchestrating a "co-ordinated campaign" to discredit her.
McAfee and Symantec have both stated that the core security systems for Vista have already been breached by hackers.
"These new technologies, along with Microsoft's unwillingness to make compromises in this area have serious implications for the security industry as a whole," Symantec said on its security weblog.
It added: "If Microsoft wants to make Vista more secure, it should provide equal access to the platform that its own developers have to ensure that security vendors can continue to innovate on the platform, and to ensure that consumers and manufacturers can continue to choose the best security solutions for the platform."
You remembered the Microsoft motto "Where you wanna go today?" well in Malay it reads as "Mana Mau Lari???!!!!"
You think Tesco gonna come out with a new OS anot har?
1. Anonymous1:20 pm
hahaha...mana mahu lari?? LMAO
2. Anonymous1:35 pm
I don't think that will happen lah, otherwise Microsoft is digging its own grave and gotta prepare themselves to face lots of lawsuits from Antivirus developers.
3. Nvm... my system can't support Vista, dunwan to use only la. Just continue use the Xtra Problem windows lor as long can let me online blogging, dwl MP3, surf porno, listen my Mp3s, DVD, do my work, enaugh oledi la. Anyway, I kinda agree with ur malay version of the motto. LOL
4. ahhhhhh..liddat then got to use microsoft mia antivirus and firewall ar? dui lor!!
5. Anonymous4:12 pm
yalor ace was right...
next time i think microsoft make their own computer and pakse we all buy it...
6. As long as we can still get the cheap version from IMBI I no give fuck who is making what la ! LOL! By the way, you tink my 486 can sappot the Vista ?
7. tux : lari pigik amadikaaa laaa
bryan : it is happening dats why Mcafee and Symantec is protesting... but what can they do? in the end the OS still Microsoft mia
kenny ng : i still using win98 ler ... i lagi backwards lol
ace : free one worrr
pisnag : that is not too far behind also ...
linpeh : with vista u knot use IMBI version ledi la .... if use sure kena virus wan lol
8. I think I will have to wait patiently for Tesco to come up with one. Haha!
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My my My my
To help better demonstrate the development pathways for our athletes, we’ve built the following info-graphic. As a guideline, PA Freestyle athletes fall into four general area which we’ll call phases. (Phase 1, not shown, is for beginners and advanced beginners who are just starting to learn to ride.) We wont assign ages into phases as our athletes will move through the phases over time between the ages of 8 – 18. Each phase describes in general terms what coaches will be focused on and what goals the athletes will be working towards.
The phases are adapted from the national standards and provide us with a gage we can use as athletes look to progress towards their goals. As coaches, we will use this along with what were seeing in competitions to help guide the athletes. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '35', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9420891404151917}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '58177', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VCOEEKK6DCYYKPUNFK73UBO7RJGUBMJC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:916e52e3-f2ff-412b-bfcc-cc61009b8917>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 20, 23, 9, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.96.221.186', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4QZJPUKK2B3XNCAMPINYBLS4XWQU7Y27', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9f1b9ad-f108-4569-b569-613ad1abd0df>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.pafreestyle.com/Page.asp?n=100268&org=BLOG.PAFREESTYLE.ORG', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bc8818d1-ab6f-42a6-9799-78d1baf1564f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '176', 'url': 'http://www.pafreestyle.com/Page.asp?n=100268&org=BLOG.PAFREESTYLE.ORG', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-148.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02033597230911255', 'original_id': 'c5585755dfed3d162026c9db5e28b4040806fcd4f5ef21a1b91294890ac2c6ae'} |
<?php
//TODO: WE NEED TO MAKE THE WRITE CONTENTS
if(!is_writable("js/index.js")){die("<h1>ERROR PERMISSION:Please give the folder permissions, chmod 777 -R and your directory.</h1>");}
$currentDir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"];
//echo $currentDir;
if(isset($_GET["action"])){
if($_GET["action"] == "read"){
echo file_get_contents($currentDir);
}
} elseif ($_POST["action"] == "write") {
$currentDir = getcwd() . $_POST["dir"];
$content = $_POST["data"];
file_put_contents($currentDir, $content);
echo "<h1>Request has been recived and proceesed, this windows will close in 2 segs.</h1>";
echo "Dir: " . $currentDir . "<br>Content:" . $content . '<script>function closeWin() {
window.top.close();
}
setTimeout(function(){
closeWin()
}, 1000);</script>';
} elseif ($_POST["action"] == "upload") {
//echo "upload works";
$target_dir = getcwd() . $_POST["dir"];
$target_file = $target_dir . basename($_FILES["fileToUpload"]["name"]);
$uploadOk = 1;
$imageFileType = strtolower(pathinfo($target_file,PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
// Check if image file is a actual image or fake image
if(isset($_POST["submit"])) {
$check = getimagesize($_FILES["fileToUpload"]["tmp_name"]);
if($check !== false) {
echo "File is - " . $check["mime"] . ".";
$uploadOk = 1;
} else {
echo "File is - " . $check["mime"] . ".";
$uploadOk = 1;
}
}
// Check if file already exists
if (file_exists($target_file)) {
echo "Sorry, file already exists.";
$uploadOk = 0;
}
// Check file size
if ($_FILES["fileToUpload"]["size"] > 500000) {
echo "file is large.";
$uploadOk = 1;
}
// Allow certain file formats
if($imageFileType != "jpg" && $imageFileType != "png" && $imageFileType != "jpeg"
&& $imageFileType != "gif" ) {
//echo "Sorry, only JPG, JPEG, PNG & GIF files are allowed.";
$uploadOk = 1;
}
// Check if $uploadOk is set to 0 by an error
if ($uploadOk == 0) {
echo "Sorry, your file was not uploaded.";
// if everything is ok, try to upload file
} else {
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES["fileToUpload"]["tmp_name"], $target_file)) {
echo "The file ". basename( $_FILES["fileToUpload"]["name"]). " has been uploaded.";
} else {
echo "Sorry, there was an error uploading your file.";
}
}
}
if ($_GET["action"] == "mkdir") {
$dir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"];
if(!mkdir($dir, 0777, true)) {
die('Error creating folders, maybe it has been already created, otherwise check permisssions.');
} else {echo "Folder created succesfully";}
}
elseif ($_GET["action"]== "ls") {
$currentDir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"];
//echo $currentDir;
$ls = scandir($currentDir);
//print_r($ls);
echo '<div class="ls-div">';
foreach ($ls as $value){
if (is_dir($value)) {
echo '<file class="ls-files" style="color: green;">' . $value . '</file>';
} else {
echo '<file class="ls-files">' . $value . '</file>';
}
}
echo "</div>";
}elseif ($_GET["action"]== "rm") {
$currentDir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"];
if (!is_dir($currentDir)) {
if (!unlink($currentDir)) {
echo "ERROR: file or folder not deleted";
} else {
echo "file deleted";
}
} else {
if(!rmdir($currentDir)){
echo "ERROR: folder not deleted";
} else {
echo "folder deleted";
}
}
}elseif ($_GET["action"]== "touch") {
$currentDir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"];
if (!touch($currentDir)) {
echo "File not created";
} else {
echo "file created";
}
} elseif ($_GET["action"] == "unzip") {
$zip = new ZipArchive;
$fileDir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"] . "/" . $_GET["file"];
echo "file dir" . $fileDir;
$res = $zip->open($fileDir);
if ($res === TRUE) {
$dir = getcwd() . $_GET["dir"];
echo "dir" . $dir;
$zip->extractTo($dir);
$zip->close();
echo 'file unziped';
} else {
echo '<h1>Error</h1>';
}
}
?> | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/bsodlover/js-os/blob/master/directory_mng.php', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'js-os', 'creator': 'bsodlover', 'language': 'PHP', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '499', 'token_count': '1388', '__index_level_0__': '8508', 'original_id': '1766bb6a69a39931560df0d41c2d9cf6681966399da8b519585e0ee8d81d29ec'} |
Carmakers and big tech struggle to keep batteries free from child labor
Is there such a thing as an ethical electric car?
Is there such a thing as an ethical electric car?
Car and tech companies are scrambling for supplies of cobalt, a mineral they need to power electric vehicles and smartphones. But they have a problem: Much of the cobalt used in lithium-ion batteries comes from a country where children work in mines.
A CNN investigation has found that child labor is still being used to mine the valuable mineral at some operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This country produces about two-thirds of the world's cobalt and is estimated to sit atop half of the globe's reserves.
There have been warnings about child labor before -- Amnesty International highlighted the problem in 2016 and Glencore (GLNCY), a leading cobalt producer, said last month that some small mines in the DRC are using children.
Related: Inside the dirty trade fueling our clean energy future
The problem may be getting worse. Rising demand has led cobalt prices to quadruple in the past two years, and that helped boost production at so-called artisanal mines in the DRC by 18% in 2017, according to Andries Gerbens at Darton Commodities.
rise cobalt chart
Glencore said it does not process or buy any materials from these informal mines, which are often small-scale operations in local communities.
But, as CNN found, it isn't easy for companies to avoid using cobalt from these smaller mines. Dealers at markets in the DRC were filmed buying cobalt without verifying its source and mining method. They then send it for processing where it is mixed with cobalt from other mines before ending up in batteries that power devices around the world.
cobalt mining kids head in hands
Children were found working alongside adults at cobalt operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Cut out the middlemen?
BMW (BMWYY), Volkswagen (VLKAY) and Mercedes-owner Daimler (DMLRY) acknowledged how difficult it is to verify the source.
BMW said it makes "every effort to ensure the highest possible standards in the labor practices of our suppliers" but admitted it could do more.
Now, it's considering buying the prized mineral directly from miners to avoid operations that exploit children.
"A further step could be to purchase directly from miners, which is an option we are looking into," BMW told CNN.
Apple (AAPL), which stopped sourcing from artisanal mines last year, is also reported to be in talks to buy cobalt directly from regulated mines in the DRC. It declined to comment on those reports.
cobalt mining kids red shirt
CNN found children working in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Daimler told CNN it was rolling out new processes requiring suppliers "to disclose their supply chain right through to the mine."
Volkswagen -- which has plans to launch dozens of new electric cars -- has introduced new rules for all its suppliers to ensure there's no child labor in the supply chain.
"To put it quite clearly, if any supplier or any subcontractor of any supplier does not adhere to these rules and initiate the necessary action, we will be forced to stop dealing with the supplier in case of doubt," it said in December.
Renault (RNLSY) told CNN it was conducting audits of companies in its cobalt supply chain and, if required, it could "reconsider commercial relations unless significant progress is made."
CNN contacted several other companies to ask how they ensured child labor was blocked out of their supply chain.
The firms listed various initiatives and industry standards they follow, but most did not provide full details about their suppliers.
Related: China is winning electric cars 'arms race'
Tesla (TSLA), which uses several pounds of cobalt in each of its car batteries, told CNN it sourced most of its cobalt from suppliers outside the DRC and was "committed to only sourcing responsibly-produced materials."
"Tesla performs on-site audits to the best of our ability during the sourcing and vetting process for suppliers, to view operations and methods of risk management," it said in a statement. But it did not respond when asked to confirm its cobalt was 100% free from child labor.
A Tesla 2017 financial filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission acknowledged that the company's supply chain wasn't watertight when it came to tracking raw materials.
"Many of our [direct] suppliers do not purchase all their raw materials directly and instead obtain them from downstream suppliers and sub-suppliers. Therefore, reliably determining the origin [of materials] is a difficult task," it said.
Samsung (SSNLF) said it was aware of concerns about underage cobalt workers in the DRC and was working to improve its supply chain and due diligence processes.
GM (GM) said it has a "zero-tolerance policy against the use of child labor in the supply of goods and services to GM and its subsidiaries." It said it finances "training for our suppliers located in high risk areas" and is part of initiatives designed to encourage the responsible mining and processing of cobalt.
The China connection
More than half of all cobalt passes through China at some point in the supply chain, according to Darton Commodities.
Renault said its battery supply chain included the Chinese mining group Huayou, the parent company of Congo Dongfang International Mining, which was accused by Amnesty International in 2016 of purchasing cobalt produced in areas of the DRC "where child labor is rife."
cobalt mining kids river
CNN found children were used to wash and grind down cobalt in dirty, dangerous conditions in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Huayou responded to the accusations, telling CNN it had "suspended" cobalt purchases from artisanal miners that sold their minerals in DRC's open markets.
"Huayou stands alone as the only Chinese cobalt company [which has] begun to actively address the ethical sourcing challenges related to DRC cobalt," it said.
Whistleblowers speaking to CNN on condition of anonymity alleged that Huayou still continues to buy from artisanal mines via subcontractors. CNN alerted Huayou to these findings and the company said it has launched an investigation.
No disclosure requirement
In 2012, the US Securities and Exchange Commission introduced rules requiring companies to report detailed information about their supply chains for so-called "conflict minerals," including gold, tungsten and tin. The rules were put in place to ensure that companies were not inadvertently financing or benefiting armed groups in the DRC when buying these minerals.
Cobalt was not included on the list of "conflict minerals," allowing companies to be less stringent in their tracking.
Similar regulations set to take effect in the European Union in 2021 also do not apply to cobalt.
Richard Muyej, governor of Lualaba Province in the south of the DRC, spoke to CNN and acknowledged that problems persisted in some mines but the situation has been improving over the years.
"The way forward is not always easy, we have to break habits, change attitudes and people are in a vulnerable position financially," he said.
He also expressed his frustration with the stark contrast between his country's persistent poverty and the wealth big companies reap from the region's cobalt.
Congo governor on artisanal cobalt mining: 'We have nothing to hide'
(Read more from the interview with the governor here.)
"We must work together to make the issue of traceability transparent and to make the sites safe and regularized," he said, adding that Apple and Samsung were some of the region's biggest cobalt consumers but he had never met with representatives from these companies.
"If [these multinational firms] have the correct intention to work with us on traceability in a proper manner, they should come and see us," he said.
-- CNN's Nima Elbagir, Dominique van Heerden and Eliza Mackintosh contributed to this report.
Personal Finance
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Trailer Unloading Problems
Q. One of our horses has a problem with unloading from a trailer. He bolts out of the back as soon as we start to open the back gate, often before we can undo the butt bar. He has done this since we got him over a year ago. He loads and rides great but just scurries or explodes out backwards. We can't figure out why he does this. He is a really nice horse otherwise. So arrival and unloading have become a nightmare. We have to be sure there is a long safe path behind the trailer so he doesn't hurt himself. Now sometimes he'll begin to rush backwards just after he gets inside the trailer, before we can do up the rear. We end up doing the in and out thing, sometimes for several tries, before we get the back up and secured. It is getting dangerous, particularly for the person closing the gate. We have tried all sorts of ties at the front and butt bars on his rear, but when he's ready to go, there's no stopping him. He can break just about anything.
Kaye
A. In my experience most horses that rush out of the back of the trailer, or similarly out of a stock or chute, seem truly afraid. In most cases you'll probably never know what frightened the horse to rush out backward in the first place, but once the behavior starts, it's tough to correct. The panic and commotion of rushing out seem to reconfirm the fear for the horse each time. As with your experience, trying to hold the horse back seems counterproductive in many instances. Discipline also seems to further confirm to the horse that this really is a fearful situation.
Interestingly, the panic and rushing typically seem specific to the back out unloading situation. Simply changing to a van or stock trailer in which you can lead the horse out can immediately reduce the danger to the horse and the handlers.
If it is necessary to try to re-train your horse for a regular trailer, the most efficient and long-term effective approach I know is to go back to the basics and re-train the horse to walk forward, to stand, and to back on command. For the first training session, just work on these commands in an open area without a trailer. Keep repeating the training until the horse responds and calmly obeys on voice command, without any tension on the lead shank. While the horse is obeying the stand command, give him a treat.
Then move on to doing the exact command sequence but going into and out of the trailer. Load, stand, and unload several times at first without trying to close up the butt bar or back gate. Just lead the horse into the trailer, ask him to stand, and give a treat while he is standing quietly. Try to maintain a loose lead and a relaxed calm manner. Then use your back command and direct the horse to back slowly out of the trailer. As he backs out, you can give the stand command and reward his stopping and standing as he unloads. Be sure that the ramp and pathway behind the trailer have good footing. Use a long lead so that if the horse does scoot out in a hurry, you won't lose him or put tension on the lead. Just quietly gather him up and resume your relaxed, positive training attitude and procedure.
What you are looking for is steady improvement with each practice replicate. With each replicate of entering the trailer, encourage the horse to stand quietly for longer before giving the reward for standing; then give the back command. Keep repeating these exercises until he seems to be taking all commands from you to enter, stand, and back out quietly. Avoid fighting the horse or disciplining him for scooting out too fast. Gradually increase and vary the time the horse stands in the trailer before the back command is given. If the horse goes before the command or rushes, just skip the treat and resume. Then, once he begins to follow the commands reliably with little or no tension on the lead, reintroduce the butt bar and the closing of the back gate. Try to be as calm and relaxed as possible, so that your fear of the potentially dangerous situation doesn't alert the horse to the "boogeyman." While the back is being done up, the person at the head can distract the horse with a treat for standing quietly. When the gate is taken down, again calmly hold his attention with a treat rather than tension on the halter or lead. Wait a variable length of time after the bar is removed before giving the back command. After the horse is calmly following all commands in this situation, you can actually practice going on short hauls and repeating the procedures.
Some would argue that this problem is a situation-specific variation of head shyness, in that it develops and is exacerbated by tension on the head. So, some trainers advocate re-training without a halter or a lead so that the horse readily learns that it will not have tension on the head. The same re-training procedures could be done without restraint --have the horse follow or self-load into the trailer, stand, then back out on command. You can work within an enclosed paddock so the horse cannot escape. The popular clicker and target training programs demonstrate similar techniques.
About the Author
Sue M. McDonnell, PhD, is a certified applied animal behaviorist and the founding head of the equine behavior program at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Veterinary Medicine. She is also the author of numerous books and articles about horse behavior and management.
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Bianucci, Mannella, and Grigolini Reply
This article is a reply to a comment by Massimo Falcioni and Angelo Vulpiani. In a previous letter, the authors have discussed the linear response theory (LRT) and shown that the breakdown of this theory occurring at intermediate times, observed in an earlier paper [2] as well as in [1], disappears upon an increase of the number of degrees of freedom. In a comment to [1] Falcioni and Vulpiani [3] claim that this breakdown is rather a consequence of the lack of mixing: according to them, regardless of the number of degrees of freedom, mixing is the key ingredient behind the LRT. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77166/
Bieberians at the Gate?
In this article, the authors discuss the idea that non-philosophers should judge philosophers. As universities face growing demands for academic accountability, philosophers ought to take the lead in exploring what accountability means. Otherwise we may be stuck with Dickens's Mr. Gradgrind. ("Now, what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts along are wanted in life.") But a philosophical account of accountability will also require redefining the boundaries of what counts as philosophy. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc130189/
Biocultural Ethics: Recovering the Vital Links between the Inhabitants, Their Habits, and Habitats
This article discusses biocultural ethics as a way to overcome biocultural homogenization. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc130202/
Biodiversity Of Southernmost Forests And Tundra Ecosystems
This article discusses the biodiversity of southernmost forests and tundra ecosystems. The definition of conservation priorities for biodiversity often focuses only on the numbers of vertebrate animals and seed plants in the northern hemisphere or in the tropics. But what about the other organisms, and the more extreme regions of the world, where the species richness of flowering plants and mammals is low? An interdisciplinary team of US, UK and Chilean taxonomists, ecologists, and philosophers explored the world's southernmost forest and tundra ecosystems to estimate the diversity of the dominant vegetation, namely tiny bryophytes and lichens growing on trees, soils and rocks. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc132966/
The Biological and Toxicological Activity of Gases and Vapors
This article discusses the biological and toxicological activity of gases and vapors. Abstract: A large amount of data on the biological and toxicological activity of gases and vapors has been collected from the literature. Processes include sensory irritation thresholds, the Alarie mouse test, inhalation anasthesia, etc. It is shown that a single equation using only five descriptors (properties of the gases and vapors) plus a set of indicator variables for the given processes can correlate 643 biological and non-lethal toxicological activities of 'non-reactive' compounds with a standard deviation of 0.36 log unit. The equation is scaled to sensory irritation thresholds obtained by the procedure of Cometto-Muñiz, and Cain, and provides a general equation for the prediction of sensory irritation thresholds in man. It is suggested that differences in biological/toxicological activity arise primarily from transport from the gas phase to a receptor phase or area, except for odor detection thresholds where interaction with a receptor(s) is important. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc152441/
Bonding and Structure of Copper Nitrenes
This article discusses bonding and structure of copper nitrenes. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77132/
BOV - a web-based BLAST output visualization tool
This article discusses BOV, a web-based BLAST output visualization tool. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77114/
Brain, Music, and Non-Poisson Renewal Processes
This article discusses brain, music, and non-Poisson renewal processes. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40398/
Breakdown of the Onsager Principle as a Sign of Aging
Article discussing the breakdown of the Onsager principle as a sign of aging. Abstract: We discuss the problem of the equivalence between Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) and Generalized Master Equation (GME). The walker, making instantaneous jumps from one site of the lattice to another, resides in each site or extended time. The sojourn times have a distribution ψ (t) that is assumed to be an inverse power law with the power index μ. We assume that the Onsager principle is fulfilled, and we use this assumption to establish a complete equivalence between GME and the Montroll-Weiss CTRW. We prove that this equivalence is confined to the case when ψ (t) is an exponential. We argue that is so because the Montroll-Weiss CTRW, as recently proved by Barkai [E. Barkai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 104101 (2003)], is non-stationary, thereby implying aging, while the Onsager principle, is valid only in the case of fully aged systems. The case of Poissonian distribution of sojourn times is the only one with no aging associated to it, and consequently with no need to establish special initial conditions to fulfill the Onsager principle. We consider the case of a dichotomous fluctuation, and we prove that the Onsager principle is fulfilled for any form of regression to equilibrium provided that the stationary condition hold true. We set the stationary condition on both the CTRW and the GME, thereby creating a condition of total equivalence, regardless the nature of the waiting time distribution. As a consequence of this procedure we create a GME that is a bona fide master equation, in spite of being non-Markovian. We note that the memory kernel of the GME affords information on the interaction between system of interest and its bath. The Poisson case yields a bath with infinitely fast fluctuations. We argue that departing from the Poisson form has the effect of creating a condition of infinite memory and that these results might be useful to shed light into the problem of how to unravel non-Markovian master equations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc174692/
Broader Impacts 2.0: Seeing- and Seizing- the Opportunity
This article offers viewpoints on Broader Impacts 2.0. The authors point out that the National Science Board (NSB) has presented us with merit review criteria that challenge us to undertake research that marries scientific merit and broader impacts in a way that benefits the research community, our funding sources, and our society. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc155643/
Building a Chilean Network for Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research: Advances, perspectives and relevance
This article discusses building a Chilean network for long-term socio-ecological research. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc97937/
The Butterfly Dimer [(tBu3SiO)Cr]2 (μ-OSitBu3)2 and Its Oxidative Cleavage to (tBu3SiO)2 Cr(=N-N=CPh2)2 and (tBu3SiO)2 Cr=N(2,6-Ph2-C6H3)
This article discusses the butterfly dimer. Abstract: Treatment of CrCl2(THF)2 with NaOSitBu3 afforded the butterfly dimer [(tBu3SiO)Cr]2 (μ-OSitBu3)2 (1 2), whose d(CrCr) of 2.658(31) Å and magnetism were indicative of strong antiferromagnetic coupling. A Boltzmann distribution of low-energy 1A1, 3B1, 5A1, 7B1, and 9A1 states obtained from calculations on [(HO)2Cr]2(μOH)2 (1'2) were used to provide a reasonable fit of the μeff vs T data. Cleavage of 1 2 with various L (L=4-picoline, p-tolunitrile, tBuCN, tBuNC, Ph2CO, and PMe3) generated (tBu3SiO)2CrL2(1-L2). The dimer was oxidatively severed by Ph2CN2 to give (tBu3SiO)2Cr(N2CPh2)2 (2) and by RN3 at 23 ˚C to afford (silox)2Cr=NR (3-R) for bulky R (adamantyl (Ad), 2,6-iPr2-C6H3, 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2 = Mes, 2,6-Ph2-C6H3) and (tBu3SiO)2Cr(=NR)2 (4-R) for smaller substituents (R = 1-Naph, 2-Anth). X-ray structural studies were conducted on 1 2, square planar 1-(OCPh2)2, pseudo-Td 2 and pseudotrigonal 3-(2,6-Ph2-C6H3), whose S = 1 ground state was discussed on the basis of calculations of (H3SiO)2Cr = NPh (3"-Ph). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc75425/
C H Bond Activation of Methane by Ptᴵᴵ N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: The Importance of Having the Ligands in the Right Place at the Right Time
Article discussing C H bond activation of methane by Ptᴵᴵ N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes. Abstract: A DFT study of methane C H activation barriers for neutral NHC Ptᴵᴵ methoxy complexes yielded 22.8 and 26.1 kcal/mol for oxidative addition (OA) and oxidative hydrogen migration (OHM), respectively. Interestingly, this is unlike the case for cationic NHC Ptᴵᴵ methoxy complexes, whereby OHM entails a calculated barrier of 26.9 kcal/mol but the OA barrier is only 14.4 kcal/mol. Comparing transition state (TS) and ground state (GS) geometries implies an 10 kcal/mol "penalty" to the barriers arising from positioning the NHC and OMe ligands into a relative orientation that is preferred in the GS to the orientation that is favored in the TS. The results thus imply an intrinsic barrier arising from C H scission of 15 2 kcal/mol for NHC Ptᴵᴵ methoxy complexes. Calculations show the importance of designing C H activation catalysts where the GS active species is already structurally "prepared" and which either does not need to undergo any geometric perturbations to access the methane C H activation TS or is not energetically prohibited from such perturbations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc181679/
C-H Functionalization Reactivity of a Nickel-Imide
This article discusses C-H functionalization reactivity of a Nickel-Imide. Abstract: We report report bifunctional reactivity of the β-diketiminato Ni(III)-imide [Me₃NN]Ni=NAd (1), which undergoes H-atom abstraction (HAA) reactions with benzylic substrates R-H (indane, ethylbenzene, toluene). Nickel-imide 1 competes with the nickel-amide HAA product [Me₃NN]Ni-NHAd (2) for the resulting hydrocarbyl radical R• to give the nickel-amide [Me₃NN]Ni-N(CHMePh)Ad (3) (R-H = ethylbenzene) or aminoalkyl tautomer [Me₃NN]Ni(ɳ²-CH(Ph)NHAd) (4) (R-H = toluene). A significant amount of functionalized amine R-NHAd is observed in the reaction of 1 with indane along with the dinickel imide {[Me₃NN]Ni}₂(μ-NAd) (5). Kinetic and DFT analyses point to rate-limiting HAA from R-H by 1 to give R•, which may add to either imide 1 or amide 2, each featuring significant N-based radical character. Thus, these studies illustrate a fundamental competition possible in C-H amination systems that proceed via a HAA/radical rebound mechanism. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc107790/
Cabo de Hornos: un parque nacional libre de especies exóticas en el confín de América
This article discusses Cape Horn, a National park free from alien species in southernmost South America. The Cape Horn Archipelago, tam- also called Wollaston archipelago, retains its pristine condition, almost completely free of exotic plant species. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc102291/
Calculating Changes in Worklife Expectancies and Lost Earnings in Personal Injury Cases
This article discusses calculating changes in worklife expectancies and lost earnings in personal injury cases. Abstract: This paper utilizes the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) new worklife tables' information on workforce participation probabilities to estimate the effect of an injury on a worker's life expectancy, worklife expectancy and discounted expected income. After a medical opinion has been obtained concerning the effect of an injury on a worker's probabilities of living and remaining active, the BLS's probability figures can be adjusted and incorporated into a Markov process to estimate the impact of the injury. It is shown that Alter and Becker's technique can be adapted to estimate the present value of the lost expected income. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc71789/
Calculation of a Methane C-H Oxidative Addition Trajectory: Comparison to Experiment and Methane Activation by High-Valent Complexes
This article discusses the calculation of a methane C-H oxidative addition trajectory. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc107777/
Calculations of the Relative Energies of the 2B1g and 2A2u States of Cyclobutanetetraone Radical Cation and Radical Anion Provide Further Evidence of a 3B2u Ground State for the Neutral Molecule: A Proposed Experimental Test of the Prediction of a Triplet Ground State for (CO)4
This article discusses ground states. Abstract: B3LYP, CCSD(T), and CASPT2 calculations with the 6-311+G(2df) basis set have been performed on the radical anion and radical cation of cyclobutanetetraone (1). The very similar energies computed for the 2B1g and 2A2u states of both 1·+ and 1·- indicate that the singly occupied b1g and a2u MOs in these two states of the radical cation and anion have nearly the same energies, thus supporting the previously made prediction that neutral 1 has a 3B2u ground state. Reaction of squaric acid with O.(-), followed by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) on the 1.(-) thus formed, is proposed as an experimental test of the startling prediction that tetraketone (1), a molecule that would be expected to be a closed-shell singlet, actually has a triplet ground state. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc71812/
Calculations Predict a Large Inverse H/D Kinetic Isotope Effect on the Rate of Tunneling in the Ring Opening of Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radical
This article discusses calculations that predict a large inverse H/D kinetic isotope effect. Abstract: Tunneling rates are expected to decrease exponentially with the square root of the effective tunneling mass. Therefore, on substitution of a heavier for a lighter isotope, the observation of a large kinetic isotope effect (KIE), involving a substantial decrease in rate constant, is a commonly used diagnostic for a large contribution from quantum mechanical tunneling to a reaction. However, in this communication, the authors report the results of calculations that make the opposite prediction about some of the KIEs on the ring opening of cyclopropylcarbinyl radical (1) to 3-butene-1-y1 radical (2) by tunneling at cryogenic temperatures. Substitution of a heavier for a lighter isotope at the radical center (C1) of 1 is calculated to accelerate the rate of tunneling, giving KIEs at this carbon that are inverse. Of particular note is the authors' prediction that substitution of deuterium for both hydrogens at C1 will lead to a nearly 3-fold increase in the rate of reaction at temperatures so low that ring opening proceeds exclusively by tunneling from the lowest vibrational level. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc71808/
Calculations Predict That Carbon Tunneling Allows the Degenerate Cope Rearrangement of Semibullvalene to Occur Rapidly at Cryogenic Temperatures
This article discusses carbon tunneling. Abstract: Calculations on the role of tunneling in the degenerate Cope rearrangements of semibullvalene (1) and barbaralane (3) predict that, at temperatures below 40 K, tunneling from the lowest vibrational level should make the temperature-independent rate constants k = 1.43 x 10(-3) s(-1) and k = 7.28 x 10(-9) s(-1), respectively. An experiment, using semibullvalene-2(4)-d1, is proposed to test the prediction of rapid tunneling by 1 at cryogenic temperatures. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc71814/
Canonical and noncanonical equilibrium distribution
This article discusses canonical and noncanonical equilibrium distribution. Abstract: We address the problem of the dynamical foundation of noncanonical equilibrium. We consider, as a source of divergence from ordinary statistical mechanics, the breakdown of the condition of time scale separation between microscopic and macroscopic dynamics. We show that this breakdown has the effect of producing a significant deviation from the canonical prescription. We also show that, while the canonical equilibrium can be reached with no apparent dependence on dynamics, the specific form of noncanonical equilibrium is, in fact, determined by dynamics. We consider the special case where the thermal reservoir driving the system of interest to equilibrium is a generator of intermittent fluctuations. We assess the form of the noncanonical equilibrium reached by the system in this case. Using both theoretical and numerical arguments we demonstrate that Lévy statistics are the best description of the dynamics and that the Lévy distribution is the correct basin of attraction. We show that the correct path to noncanonical equilibrium by means of strictly thermodynamic arguments has not yet been found, and that further research has to be done to establish a connection between dynamics and thermodynamics. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77164/
Carbon Dioxide Migration Pathways in Proteins
This article discusses carbon dioxide migration pathways in proteins. Abstract: Some of the most important biological processes, such as carbon fixation, are dependent on protein-gas interaction. The motion of CO₂ through the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was investigated using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Three discrete migration pathways were located, suggesting the protein directs the movement of CO₂. The chemical nature of these pathways is discusses, as are their biotechnological ramifications. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc179689/
Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation by Titanium Imido Complexes. Computational Evidence for the Role of Alkane Adducts in Selective C-H Activation
This article reports calculations that probe the role of R (hydrocarbon) and R' (ligand substituent) effects on the reaction coordinate for C-H activation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc107781/
Carbon K-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production in hydrocarbons and carbon oxides by 0.6-2.0-MeV protons
This article discusses carbon K-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production in hydrocarbons and carbon oxides by 0.6-2.0-MeV protons. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc139493/
Carbon Nanotube-Metal Cluster Composites: A New Road to Chemical Sensors?
Article on carbon nanotube-metal cluster composites. Abstract: Novel carbon nanotube-metal cluster structures are proposed as prototype systems for molecular recognition at the nanoscale. Ab initio calculations show that already the bare nanotube cluster system displays some specificity because the adsorption of ammonia on a carbon nanotube-Al cluster system is easily detected electrically, while diborane adsorption does not provide an electrical signature. Since there are well-established procedures for attaching molecular receptors to metal clusters, these results provide a "proof-of-principle" for the development of novel, high-specificity molecular sensors. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228297/
Carbon-Oxygen Bond Formation via Organometallic Baeyer-Villiger Transformations: A Computational Study on the Impact of Metal Identity
This article discusses a computational study on the impact of metal identity. Abstract: Metal-mediated formation of C-O bonds is an important transformation that can occur by a variety of mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that oxygen-atom insertion into metal-hydrocarbyl bonds in a reaction that resembles the Baeyer-Villiger transformation is a viable process. In an effort to identify promising new systems, this study is designed to assess the impact of metal identity on such O-atom insertions for the reaction [(bpy)ₓM(Me)(OOH)]ⁿ → [(bpy)ₓM(OMe)(OH)]ⁿ (x = 1 or 2; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl; n is varied to maintain the d-electron count at d⁶ or d⁸). Six d⁸-square-planar complexes (M = Ptᴵᴵ, Pdᴵᴵ, Niᴵᴵ, Irᴵ, Rhᴵ, and Coᴵ) and eight d⁶-octahedral systems (M = Irᴵᴵᴵ, Rhᴵᴵᴵ, Coᴵᴵᴵ, Feᴵᴵ, Ruᴵᴵ, Osᴵᴵ, Mnᴵ, and Tcᴵ) are studied. Using density functional theory calculations, the structures and energies of ground-state and transition-state species are elucidated. This study shows clear trends in calculated ∆G‡'s for the O-atom insertions. The organometallic Baeyer-Villiger insertions are favored by lower coordination numbers (x = 1 versus x = 2), earlier transition metals, and first-row (3d) transition metals. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc107789/
Cardiac and metabolic physiology of early larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) reflects parental swimming stamina
This article discusses cardiac and metabolic physiology of early larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) reflecting parental swimming stamina. Swimming stamina in adult fish is heritable, but it is unknown if inherited traits that support enhanced swimming stamina in offspring appear only in juveniles and/or adults, or if these traits actually appear earlier in the morphologically quite different larvae. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115198/
Carrier-Envelope Phase Effect on Atomic Excitation by Few-Cycle rf Pulses
This article discusses carrier-envelope phase effect on atomic excitation by few-cycle rf pulses. Abstract: We present an experimental and theoretical study of the carrier-envelope phase effects on population transfer between two bound atomic states interacting with intense ultrashort pulses. Radio frequency pulses are used to transfer population among the ground state hyperfine levels in rubidium atoms. These pulses are only a few cycles in duration and have Rabi frequencies of the order of the carrier frequency. The phase difference between the carrier and the envelope of the pulses has a significant effect on the excitation of atomic coherence and population transfer. The authors provide a theoretical description of this phenomenon using density matrix equations. The authors discuss the implications and possible applications of their results. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103274/
Catalytic Synthesis of Arylisocyanates from Nitroaromatics. A Computational Study
This article discusses catalytic synthesis of arylisocyanates from nitroaromatics. Abstract: Several conclusions of interest have emerged from a computational study of copper-catalyzed phenylisocyanate synthesis from nitrobenzene and carbon monoxide. Nitrobenzene complexes coordinate in a κ1-N fashion. With regard to thermodynamics, differences were observed for neutral (amidate, amidinate, β-diketiminate) versus cationic (diimine, NHC) complexes, although discernible trends were less evident for calculated kinetic barriers. The deoxygenation of the nitroso oxygen of the nitrosobenzene complex to form a copper-nitrene intermediate is postulated to be the rate-determining step. For the mechanism assumed in eqs 2 through 5, each step is exothermic. These individual steps are also calculated to possess reasonable kinetic barriers. Hence, copper-based complexes deserve consideration as potential catalysts for the phosgene-free synthesis of arylisocyanates from nitroaromatics. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77188/
Catalytic Tuning of a Phosphinoethane Ligand for Enhanced C-H Activation
This article discusses catalytic tuning of a phosphinoethane ligand for enhanced C-H activation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77145/
Cation-specific and anion-specific Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into ionic liquid solvents
This article discusses cation-specific and anion-specific Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into ionic liquid solvents. Abstract: Data have been assembled from the published literature on the infinite dilution activity coefficients and gas solubilities of solutes dissolved in ionic liquid (IL) solvents. In total data for more than 1790 solute-IL pairs were compiled. The published experimental data were converted to gas-to-IL and water-to-IL partition coefficients, and correlated with the ion-specific equation coefficient version of the Abraham general solvation model. Ion-specific equation coefficients describe the experimental gas-to-IL and water-to-IL partition coefficient data to within 0.114 and 0.139 log units, respectively. Reported for the first time are equation coefficients for diethylphosphate, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate and tetracyanoborate anions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc152450/
Changing lenses to assess biodiversity: patterns of species richness in sub-Antarctic plants and implications for global conservation
This article discusses changing lenses to assess biodiversity. Rather than focusing on the vertebrates and vascular plants of the northern hemisphere, the researchers consider the non-vascular plants of sub-Antarctic South America. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc130194/
Chaos and thermal conductivity
This article discusses chaos and thermal conductivity. Abstract: We argue that the condition of local thermal equilibrium realized several years ago by Rich and Visscher [Phys. Rev. B 11, 2164 (1975)] through a process of mathematical convergence can be obtained dynamically by adopting the prescription of a recent paper [M. Bianucci, R. Mannella, B.J. West, and P. Grigolini, Phys. Rev. E 51, 3002 (1995)]. This should contribute to shedding light on the still unsolved problem fo the microscopic derivation of the heat Fourier law. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc139502/
Characteristic Male Urine Microbiomes Associate with Asymptomatic Sexually Transmitted Infection
This article discusses characteristic male urine microbiomes. Abstract: Background: The microbiome of the male urogenital tract is poorly described but it has been suggested that bacterial colonization of the male urethra might impact risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI). Previous cultivation-dependent studies showed that a variety of non-pathogenic bacteria colonize the urethra but did not thoroughly characterize these microbiomes or establish links between the compositions of urethral microbiomes and STI. Methodology/Findings: Here, the authors used 165 rRNA PCR and sequencing to identify bacteria in urine specimens collected from men who lacked symptoms of urethral inflammation but who differed in status for STI. All of the urine samples contained multiple bacteria genera and many contained taxa that colonize the human vagina. Uncultivated bacteria associated with female genital tract pathology were abundant in specimens from men who had STI. Conclusions: Urine microbiomes from men with STI were dominated by fastidious, anaerobic and uncultivated bacteria. The same taxa were rare in STI negative individuals. The authors' findings suggest that the composition of male urine microbiomes is related to STI. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc78333/
Characterization of sub-nuclear changes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos exposed to brief, intermediate and long-term anoxia to analyze anoxia-induced cell cycle arrest
This article discusses the characterization of sub-nuclear changes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos exposed to brief, intermediate and long-term anoxia to analyze anoxia-induced cell cycle arrest. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122142/
Characterization of the sorption of gaseous and organic solutes onto polydimethyl siloxane solid-phase microextraction surfaces using the Abraham model
This article discusses the characterization of the sorption of gaseous and organic solutes onto polydimethyl siloxane solid-phase microextraction surfaces using the Abraham model. Abstract: Water-to-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gas-to-PDMS sorption coefficients have been compiled for 170 gaseous and organic solutes. Both sets of sorption coefficients were analyzed using the Abraham solvation parameter model. Correlations were obtained for both "dry" headspace solid-phase microextraction and conventional "wet" PDMS coated surfaces. The derived equations correlated the experimental water-to-PDMS and gas-to-PDMS data to better than 0.17 and 0.18 log units, respectively. In the case of the gas-to-PDMS sorption coefficients, the experimental values spanned a range of approximately 11 log units. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc155627/
Charge-state dependence of K-shell x-ray production in aluminum by 2-12-MeV carbon ions
This article discusses charge-state dependence of K-shell x-ray production in aluminum by 2-12-MeV carbon ions. Abstract: Charge-state dependence for K-shell x-ray production cross sections in 13Al bombarded by 2-12-MeV 6C ions with charge states from 2+ to 6+ was measured using a Si(Li) detector. A thin Al target was used to ensure single collision conditions. Contributions of the electron capture as well as direct ionization to the inner-shell ionization were determined by an analysis of the charge-state dependence of the target x-ray production. The measurements are compared with the prediction of the ECPSSR theory using a single-hole fluorescence yield. The ECPSSR theory is based on the perturbed stationary state (PSS) formalism and relativistic efforts (R) for the target electrons, and energy loss (E) and Coulomb deflection (C) of the projectile. In general, this theory gives reasonable agreement with the data for carbon ions without K vacancies while it overpredicts the data for carbon ions with K vacancies. The significant underprediction of the data at the lowest energy is likely associated with the molecular-orbital effect that is not accounted for in the ECPSSR theory. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc139497/
Charge-state dependence of M-shell x-ray production in 67Ho by 2-12-MeV carbon ions
This article discusses charge-state dependence of M-shell x-ray production in 67Ho by 2-12-MeV carbon ions. Abstract: Charge-state dependence of M-shell x-ray production cross sections of 67Ho bombarded by 2-12-MeV carbon ions, with and without K-shell vacancies, were measured using a windowless Si(Li) x-ray detector with a full-width-at-half-maximum resolution of 135 eV at 5.9 keV. Carbon ions of different charge states were produced using a postacceleration, nitrogen gas stripping cell. The carbon ions were then magnetically analyzed to select the desired charge state and energy before entering the target chamber. The total M-shell and Mζ, Mα,β, and Mγ x-ray cross sections were measured. The electron-capture (EC) contributions as well as the direct-ionization (DI) contributions can be determined by making a comprehensive study of the projectile-charge-state dependence of the target x-ray production cross sections for targets in which the single-collision realm is maintained. In this paper, both EC and DI contributions and the total M-shell x-ray production cross sections are compared to both the first Born theory and to the perturbed-stationary-state theory with energy-loss, Coulomb-deflection, and relativistic corrections. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc139496/
Charge transfer equilibria in ambient-exposed epitaxial graphene on (0001) 6 H-SiC
This article discusses charge transfer equilibria in ambient-exposed epitaxial graphene on (0001) 6 H-SiC. Abstract: The transport properties of electronic materials have been long interpreted independently from both the underlying bulk-like behavior of the substrate or the influence of ambient gases. This is no longer the case for ultra-thin graphene whose properties are dominated by the interfaces between the active material and its surroundings. Here, the authors show that the graphene interactions with its environments are critical for the electrostatic and electrochemical equilibrium of the active device layers and their transport properties. Based on the prototypical case of epitaxial graphene on (0001) 6 H-SiC and using a combination of 'in-situ' thermoelectric power and resistance measurements and simulations from first principles, the authors demonstrate that the cooperative occurrence of an electrochemically mediated charge transfer from the graphene to air, combined with the peculiar electronic structure of the graphene/SiC interface, explains the wide variation of measured conductivity and charge carrier type found in prior reports. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc132974/
Chemical Toxicity Correlations for Several Fish Species Based on the Abraham Solvation Parameter Model
This article discusses chemical toxicity correlations for several fish species based on the Abraham solvation parameter model. Abstract: The Abraham solvation parameter model is used to construct mathematical correlations for describing the nonspecific aquatic toxicity of organic compounds to the fathead minnow, guppy, bluegill, goldfish, golden orfe, and high-eyes medaka. The derived mathematical correlations describe the observed published toxicity data to within an overall average standard deviation of approximately 0.28 log units. In the case of ester solutes, the descriptions were improved by introducing an indicator variable into the basic model. Derived correlations can be used to estimate aquatic toxicities of organic chemicals to the six fish species studied and to help in identifying compounds whose toxic mode of action might involve chemical specific reactivity, rather than nonpolar or polar narcosis. A principle component analysis of the correlation equations shows that the water-octanol system is a poor model for nonspecific aquatic toxicity but that the water-isobutanol and water-pentanol systems are much better models. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc152447/
Chemistry Surrounding Monomeric Copper(l) Methyl, Phenyl, Anilido, Ethoxide, and Phenoxide Complexes Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Reactivity Consistent with Both Early and Late Transition Metal Systems
This article discusses transition metal systems. Abstract: Monomeric copper(l) alkyl complexes that possess the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands IPr, SIPr, and IMes [IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] react with amines or alcohols to release alkane and form the corresponding monomeric copper(l) amido, alkoxide, or aryloxide complexes. Thermal decomposition reactions of (NHC)Cu׀ methyl complexes at temperatures between 100 and 130 °C produce methane, ethane, and ethylene. The reactions of (NHC)Cu(NHPh) complexes with bromoethane reveal increasing nucleophilic reactivity at the anilido ligand in the order (SIPR)Cu(NHPh) < (IPr)Cu(NHPh) < (IMes)Cu(NHPh) < (dtbpe)Cu(NHPh) [dtbpe = 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane]. DFT calculations suggest that the HOMO for the series of Cu anilido complexes is localized primarily on the amido nitrogen with some pπanilido-dπCu π*-character. [(IPr)Cu(μ-H)]2 and (IPr)Cu(Ph) react with aniline to quantitatively produce (IPr)Cu(NHPh)/dihydrogen and (IPr)Cu(NHPh)/benzene, respectively. Analysis of the DFT calculations reveals that the conversion of [(IPr)Cu(μ-H)]2 and aniline to (IPr)Cu(NHPh) and dihydrogen is favorable with ∆H ≈ -7 kcal/mol and ∆G ≈ -9 kcal/mol. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77128/
Chiral Steering of Molecular Organization in the Limit of Weak Adsorbate-Substrate Interactions: Enantiopure and Racemic Tartaric Acid Domains on Ag(111)
Article on chiral steering of molecular organization in the limit of weak adsorbate-substrate interactions. Abstract: The influence of intermolecular interactions involving molecular chiral centers on two-dimensional organization in the limit of a weak adsorbate-surface interaction has been studied with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). A model system composed of a chiral organic molecule, tartaric acid, and an inert metallic surface, Ag(111), was employed. Dual component films formed from the serial deposition of (S,S)- and (R,R)-tartaric acid enantiomers onto this surface exhibit homochiral domain formation as revealed by molecularly resolved STM images. In contrast, a unique tartaric acid enantiomeric heteropair is experimentally and computationally verified as the basis unit of films formed via the deposition of both enantiomers simultaneously from a racemic (1:1) mixture. The molecular adsorption geometry relative to the Ag(111) lattice in both enantiomerically pure and racemic domains is determined primarily by the interaction of chiral centers between nearest neighbors. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228317/
Ciencia y política: perspectiva histórica y modelos alternativos
This article discusses science and policy. Abstract: Should ethical matters make use of political means to influence the direction of scientific research? To what extent the influence of political and economic competition in the trajectory of scientific research could -or should- be allowed? These questions guide the critical review of the relations between science and policy made by the authors. In order to carry out this task they offer an analysis of the historical antecedents of the policy of science and they also provide comparative data and ethical reflections on the policy of scientific budget. Finally, they explain the reaches of alternative models of science policies. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc77226/
Circuitry in Motion: Rhetoric(al) Moves in YouTube's Archive
This article discusses rhetorical moves in YouTube's archive. The rhetorical effects of YouTube may be usefully demonstrated by looking briefly at the effects of YouTube on the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign. Whether YouTube videos invigorated campaigns or damned them, it is clear from the 2008 campaign that YouTube videos have come to play a significant role in authorizing arguments in American culture. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc146584/
Cluster Core-Level Binding-Energy Shifts: The Role of Lattice Strain
This article discusses cluster core-level binding-energy shifts. Abstract: Our combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the shifts, with particle size, of core-level binding energies (BE's) of metal nanoparticles on insulating supports, shows that these shifts have an important initial state contribution arising, in large part, because of lattice strain. This contribution of BE shifts has not been recognized previously. Lattice strain changes the chemical bonding between the metal atoms and this change induces BE shifts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc78320/
CO Adsorption on Noble Metal Clusters: Local Environment Effects
Article on CO adsorption on noble metal clusters. Abstract: We have used ab initio density functional theory calculations to study the adsorption of CO on clusters of 13 noble metal atoms. The cluster composition ranges from 100% Pt to 100% Au. Because our goal is to study the effect of local environment on CO adsorption, adsorption is only studied on the top atom site. This atom can be either Pt or Au, depending on the cluster considered. Results are analyzed in terms of CO adsorption energy, CO bond stretching frequency, geometry of the CO = cluster system, and HOMO-LUMO gaps. It is found that, as expected, the CO adsorption energy on Pt is > 1 eV more favorable than that on Au and that the cluster composition affects both adsorption energy and stretching frequency. Specifically, when CO adsorbs on Pt, increasing Au content decreases the adsorption energy. In contrast, when CO adsorbs on Au, increasing Pt content increases the adsorption energy. In general, higher adsorption energies lead to lower C-O stretching frequencies. Electronic-structure details (i.e., density of states) are discussed to explain the observed results, toward improving the interpretation of experimental spectroscopic data and possibly designing new catalysts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228280/
CO₂ Reduction on Transition Metal (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) Surfaces: In Comparison with Homogeneous Catalysis
This article discusses CO₂ reduction on transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) surfaces. Heterogeneous catalysis is compared with the homogeneous models using transition metal β-diketiminato complexes, showing that both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis of CO₂ reduction display the same energetic trend as a function of metal. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc107801/
Cobalt-Dinitrogen Complexes with Weakened N-N Bonds
This article discusses research on cobalt-dinitrogen complexes with weakened N-N bonds. Abstracts: Reported N₂ complexes of cobalt do not have substantial weakening of the N-N bond. Using diketiminate ligands to enforce three-coordinate geometries, we have synthesized several novel CoNNCo complexes. In formally univalent complexes, cobalt is poorer than iron at weakening the N-N bond, but in formally zerovalent complexes, cobalt and iron give similar N-N weakening. The weakening is due to cobalt-to-N₂ π-backbonding, and potassium cations pull more electron density into N₂. These results show that the low coordination number of a trigonal-planar geometry is impetus enough to make even the electronegative cobalt weaken the N-N bond of N₂. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc107793/
Coherent control of atomic excitation using off-resonant strong few-cycle pulses
This article discusses coherent control of atomic excitation using off-resonant strong few-cycle pulses. Abstract: We study the dynamics of a two-level system driven by an off-resonance few-cycle pulse which has a phase jump ø at t = t₀, in contrast to many-cycle pulses, under the nonrotating-wave approximation (NRWA). We give a closed form analytical solution for the evolution of the probability amplitude |Cₐ(t)| for the upper level. Using the appropriate pulse parameters like the phase jump ø, jump time t₀, pulse width Շ, frequency ν, and Rabi frequency Ώ₀ the population transfer after the pulse is gone can be optimized and, for the pulse considered here, an enhancement factor of 10⁶-10⁸ was obtained. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103266/
Coherent control of refractive index in far-detuned Λ systems
This article discusses the coherent control of refraction index in far-detuned Λ systems. Abstract: Enhancement and control of the index of refraction in a mixture of two three-level atomic species that form a pair of far-detuned Λ schemes under two-photon resonance and has been studied. We employ the density-matrix approach to properly take population relaxation into account and to describe the interaction of each Λ system with the electromagnetic fields. Both Λ systems are driven by a corresponding far-detuned coherent field at one atomic transition and are probed by the same weak field. In the dressed-state basis, it represents a superposition of effective two-level subsystems with the positions, widths, and amplitudes of the resonances controlled by the driving fields and allows for efficient control of the susceptibility of the total system; leading to refractive index (RI) enhancement with vanishing absorption in the absence of amplification. We analyze the experimental implementation of such a system in a cell of Rb atoms with a natural abundance of isotopes. An upper limit estimate of the RI enhancement is obtained. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103270/ | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '93', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8710646629333496}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '95697', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DSI47EJWYKDFTWKRCYQK6JXPBCJN6I5N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:35a3a8e3-e60e-462e-897e-a1dba90792e6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 20, 4, 40, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '129.120.90.158', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:T5KNZTMME7DQDR67DLOQ4YBGXLWJJ5DL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:20cc753a-73cd-4c2a-8a3d-2b6894e0eb3d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNTCAS/browse/?fq=dc_type%3Atext_article&display=brief&start=40', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a198651e-d91a-4383-ac66-d1c950a26c3e>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '5752', 'url': 'http://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNTCAS/browse/?fq=dc_type%3Atext_article&display=brief&start=40', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019368469715118408', 'original_id': 'f056208e1f0d220a5f7057e6b95d736cb12f3dd11ca15b67f066606e2b8c82e0'} |
Director's Chair: Colin Trevorrow - 'Jurassic World'
Issue: June 1, 2015
Director's Chair: Colin Trevorrow - 'Jurassic World'
It’s been 23 years since Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park wowed audiences worldwide (it was the highest-grossing film ever, until Titanic) and re-wrote the book on VFX, bringing to magical — and scary — life such dinosaurs and prehistoric creatures as Brachiosaurus, Triceratops and, most memorably of all, the rampaging female killer T. rex.
Now she’s back — older, nastier, and hungrier than ever. And joining the T. rex on Isla Nublar’s dinosaur theme park, now a luxury vacation destination complete with golf courses, five-star hotels and gourmet restaurants, is a brand new, genetically-engineered hybrid dinosaur called Indominus rex, created especially to boost park attendance.
Of course, things go wrong — very wrong — when the creature, which can run at 30mph, escapes, threatens not just the resort’s visitors, but such stars as Chris Pratt (velociraptor trainer), Bryce Dallas Howard (operations manager) and Vincent D’Onofrio (head of security). With apologies to the cast, of course the real stars of the movie are not the humans but the blood-thirsty and terrifying creatures, now on the loose.
Orchestrating all the junehem in the franchise’s fourth installment is an unlikely figure, director Colin Trevorrow, who makes his studio film directorial debut with the reported $180 million production after Spielberg and co-producer Frank Marshall hand-picked the 38-year-old on the strength of his only other feature, the 2012 whimsical time-travel piece — and Sundance breakout — Safety Not Guaranteed.
Here, in an exclusive interview with Post, Trevorrow, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Derek Connolly (Safety Not Guaranteed) and at press time was deep in the final stages of post production, talks about working with Spielberg and his invaluable input, the challenges involved in making the film, his love of post, the complex VFX, and why filmmakers and chefs have so much in common.
You went from a small indie to a massive studio production filled with tons of VFX and logistical hurdles. Just how big of a transition was it, going from Safety Not Guaranteed to this?
“It wasn’t as big a leap as you’d think. In the end, it’s a small group of people trying to figure out how to make every moment feel real. The key difference is the number of concentric circles full of people spreading out around you. On a movie like Safety, which cost $750K, you have two circles. On Jurassic, you have about 20. Each department is 10 times as big. But they’re all working together in a similar way, so by the time you reach the center, it feels familiar. The key differences on this film were the things that weren’t there. Major characters never worked a day on-set. They were on computers at ILM. You had to imagine those performances. That takes a kind of belief system — we’d call it 'faith-based filmmaking.' You can’t see it in front of you, it’s just a promise. You make your decisions and trust that everything will be waiting for you on the other side.”
How much input and advice did Steven Spielberg give you on handling it? After all, it’s been his baby for over two decades and he’s shepherded every sequel in the franchise.
“Steven was both extremely helpful and totally hands off. He showed me a level of professional respect that I hadn’t necessarily earned yet. This film is a very singular vision, and he trusted in that. The creative circle was very small — Derek Connolly and I were given a remarkable amount of freedom to make our film, both from the studio and Steven himself. But when I needed him, he was there. The three of us worked on that script together for a long time. His storytelling ability is unrivaled, and there’s just nobody who can do what he can do. But instead of holding that over your head and using it to assert some kind of producorial authority, he pushes you to be better. He challenged us to rethink and rebuild, both in the writing process and the editing room. He put us through the same gauntlet he puts himself through to this day. That’s why his movies continue to be great. There’s no complacency there. It’s a constant push toward something better.”
What sort of film did you set out to make, and how did you put your own stamp on it, considering it’s the fourth in a famous franchise?
“I never thought of it as a fourth installment. It was always meant to be an original movie, set in the same world as Jurassic Park. There are elements that connect it to the first film, so it’s technically a sequel, but the whole thing felt like my own stamp. If anything, the challenge was finding how we could work in the connections to the earlier films without being derivative of them, which is hard because a sequel is inherently derivative.”
What were the main technical challenges of pulling all this together?
“We had a villain we couldn’t see or touch. That’s not just a challenge of imagination, it’s an issue of scale. If you shoot a dinosaur on the wrong lens, especially with a human in the foreground, it can feel deceptively small. We had to not just imagine what was happening, we had to shoot something that wasn’t there. I’m a very instinctive filmmaker. I walk into a space, look around, and decide how to shoot it. I can’t storyboard an environment I’ve never seen, so it becomes an exercise in wishful thinking after awhile. No matter what you plan, once you get into the environment, everything will change. Add to it the fact that our dinosaur can be anywhere from 16 to 25 feet tall depending on how she’s standing, and it gets complicated very quickly.”
How tough was the prep and shoot, considering you started filming in Hawaii on various islands and ended up in Louisiana swamps and New Orleans?
“This film went very smoothly. We finished ahead of schedule and under budget. We did not have reshoots. I know all of my films won’t be this way. But for one reason or another, likely the talent and dedication of everyone involved, this one went well. Ask me again on the next one. I’ll probably have a longer answer packed with nightmares!”
How early did you have to integrate post and VFX into the shoot?
“Editor Kevin Stitt and his team were in a highrise in Honolulu cutting from day one. I shot film and I don’t shoot a lot of it, so our days were pretty efficient when it wasn’t pouring rain, so Kevin was able to keep up with production. Two weeks after wrap, we had an assembly. Our first VFX turnover to ILM was the Indominus escape sequence. That was in July last year, using footage we shot in Hawaii in June. It was an early challenge, to essentially lock a sequence four weeks before wrap. But we did it.”
What about all the post work which was crucial on this film. Do you like the post process?
"It’s a very creative time, and I love it. There’s nothing like the presentation, it’s so satisfying. Filmmakers and chefs have a lot in common. There are three stages in each — prep, execution and presentation. Post for me is like plating a dish. We have the ingredients, but if we don’t put them together right, it will just be a big pile of food. We’re a month out from release now, I’m walking out of the kitchen ready to set this plate down in front of a very hungry table. In this case, it needs to taste like a deconstructed version of something they loved when they were kids. I can cook that.”
Where did you do the post? Give us some sense of the process: How long was it? Where did you cut? Where did you do the sound mixing?
“We posted out of Tribeca West in Los Angeles. We showed the studio our first cut in late October, then honed it until February. Universal loved our cut and was very supportive the whole time. There weren’t many notes because I think they saw how hard we were being on ourselves. The first time we watched it, I followed up the screening with a laundry list of things I wanted to do, elements that could be better. We just worked it and worked it until it felt right. The sound mix, which I just finished, was done at Skywalker Ranch in Northern California (the team included sound designer and supervising sound editor Al Nelson and sound designer and re-recording mixer Peter Horner). ILM did all the VFX in San Francisco, so we spent most of our time in the final months up in the Bay Area. I grew up in Oakland, so it was great to be back home.”
The film was edited by Kevin Stitt, whose credits include X-Men, Lethal Weapon 4 and Jack Reacher. How did that relationship work, as you didn’t really know each other before this?
“Kevin and I hadn’t worked together before, so we had this trial by fire, where we had to learn each other’s language in a high-stakes scenario. Now we finish each other’s sentences. It’s like a marriage that starts with two people trapped in a submarine. The relationship gets close quickly.”
There are obviously a huge number of visual effects shots in the film. How many are there? Who did them? Who was the VFX supervisor? How did that work?
“All our visual effects were done at Industrial Light and Magic. We had a thousand shots. It sounds like a lot, but compared to most effects-heavy films these days, it’s on the low end. Tim Alexander was our VFX supervisor, and he got a much-deserved Oscar nomination for The Lone Ranger. That film had some very complex work integrating practical effects with CGI. It was all designed to feel real and plausible in a period setting. His work here had to do something similar, as we not only had to believe the animals were real, but that this theme park existed. The story fails if you don’t believe the world. We built all our sets, and there was very little greenscreen. Tim and Glen McIntosh, our animation supervisors, worked together to make the audience accept that this was a real place you could actually go to. If they had failed, I don’t think the movie could work. Actually, if any of us had failed, the movie wouldn’t work. There are so many ways for something like this to go wrong, and only one way for it to go right. It’s not fishing with dynamite, it’s fishing with chopsticks.”
What was the most difficult visual effects sequence/shot to do and why?
“Our final shot is over a minute long. It follows a dinosaur battle that tracks a group of people in and back out of a building, and then… well, I won’t spoil it, but it involved knitting together dolly work, Technocrane and a camera mounted on the back of a motorcycle. It took more computing power to render than any shot ILM had previously tried. I found out after the fact that they weren’t sure it was going to work. That might be one of the benefits of having only done this once before. I don’t know what you can’t do. My inexperience pushed them further than they thought was possible.”
Can you talk about the importance of music and sound to you as a filmmaker?
“Sound is the closer. Without it, all your hardest work goes to waste. We have an outstanding score for this film, Michael Giacchino (who won the Oscar for Up) really brought it. I mixed it forward, so the music is much more present than it is in modern mixes. It’s kind of an old-school way to do it, but I love the result. It makes you feel like a kid again, because this is how they treated movie music when I was a kid. It’s a fanfare for what you’re watching.”
The DI must have been vital. How did that process help?
“Stefan Sonnenfeld at Company 3 did our DI. We shot film, so the goal was to keep those qualities and lean into them. It doesn’t look perfect all the time. Film has flaws and imperfections, and it’s part of what makes it beautiful. Stefan loves film and he knows how to bring out the best in the image. John Schwartzman, our DP, is an extraordinary cinematographer. I’m not sure what else I can say, as the evidence will be on-screen. That’s not one of the positions someone else can cover up for you if you do a bad job. It’s all right there.”
Did the film turn out the way you hoped it would?
So what’s next after this — pun-intended — monster production?
“There’s a story I’ve been wanting to tell for awhile, a script I first read just after finishing Safety, called Book of Henry. I had to let it go to do Jurassic, but it became available again and I couldn’t let it get away twice. It’s challenging and a little intimidating. If all comes together, I’m going to do it later this year. After that, I’ll probably do something on a larger scale. I’m not someone who prefers smaller films and only does the larger ones to make money or maintain relevance in the business. I love them both. So long as I can keep exploring new worlds and people, I’ll be happy.” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9709193110466005}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48207', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WFD5WPUF2W5WMF5LWLAUC77NCRCSVTHQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7ab544b1-757a-47b4-afc5-8c96a4b29327>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 17, 2, 23, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.87.172.190', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AAJKCQSBXOANNV2XALQIARPVZYMJ3WQ6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6c82593a-2e21-4f98-917a-e850cdf8e6ff>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.postmagazine.com/Publications/Post-Magazine/2015/June-1-2015/Directors-Chair-Colin-Trevorrow-Jurassic-World.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4054a149-2ae9-464c-b17f-368fc98854e8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2236', 'url': 'http://www.postmagazine.com/Publications/Post-Magazine/2015/June-1-2015/Directors-Chair-Colin-Trevorrow-Jurassic-World.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-127-157.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024053215980529785', 'original_id': '7b1613593689392e2722a62df4648f30c46bf4ae9b6ee6a620d110981aff0cfa'} |
Cat Health talks about the Behavior of Cats
Kitten Sleeping
The Behavior of cats is largely based on a routine. Cats are creatures of habit. In the wild they follow a daily and nightly routine. In the wild this is dictated by the level of light.
Even nap times can often fall at the same times both day and evening which the animal might see as a slow spot with little activity. Cats prefer to patrol their territories in the same systematic way day after day.
Felines are very sensitive to changes in their environment because changes might be a sign of a disturbance or danger. A thorough patrol can help sooth jangled nerves and put the animals fears to rest.
Tux Cat
When cats are domesticated they still live for that daily routine. Cats like to do today what they did yesterday, and the day before and would prefer to do the same thing tomorrow.
In my opinion the behavior of cats does not include the human emotion of boredom in the same way it applies to humans. Cats have an inherent very strong biological clock.
They quickly learn when it is time for food, or when it is time for a certain person to get up in the morning.
I personally am not sure how with pinpoint accuracy they are able to determine exactly what time it is. For example five minutes before my alarm clock rings at 5:23 a.m. My cat Thomas gets in position to greet me and to make sure I get out of bed.
The Behavior of Domestic Cats
Felines in the domesticated role can also become very sensitive to any unusual activities in the home such as preparations for moving or packing your stuff to go away on vacation.
Big events can disturb the behavior of cats. This may be expressed in a lack of appetite or hiding in a place where they are not usually found.
A good course of action during these activities is to provide extra attention to the cat. Or a few extra cat treats to assure the feline that everything is okay.
Sometimes cat behavior is based on routine and consistency in the way that you and your family treat your cat. When I talk about consistency you do want to established guidelines for your feline friend that the whole family will follow.
It can be confusing to the animal if it is all right to sleep in an armchair on one day but not the next day. This also applies to when one human tells the cat it’s okay to sleep in that chair and then another will walk in and chase him away from the same chair.
The family must get together and design a plan of consistency of what your cat can do and can not do. A confused cat can develop a behavior problem.
They’re willing to accept restrictions on where they can go, but they cannot be expected to follow rules that aren’t consistent. To improve the behavior of cats you must make a rule then stick to that rule no matter what.
› Normal feline behavior | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.957781195640564}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31382', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MOHEUZZOF5TIDQACVAKNOX5FRUX2PTYX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:91b8a7c2-2bed-4126-a026-8894e10ae229>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 23, 2, 37, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.21.37.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XVW2O7R66HIUCNT2TVRZSXS6CDQ7NQX2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d3d6bd82-b55c-4a79-b4b3-4e494c874539>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cat-health-behavior.com/behavior-of-cats/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9b925fb3-f2fb-4335-8df7-b5e503e6f88f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '523', 'url': 'https://www.cat-health-behavior.com/behavior-of-cats/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-187.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17322808504104614', 'original_id': '26aa160481cdb6f29ce4bef7773c3c582210e1141250b05d76395c0a814de93b'} |
Doctor Who – “Jubilee”
Hurrah! The deadly Daleks are back! Yes, those loveable tinpot tyrants have another plan to invade our world. Maybe this time because they want to drill to the Earth’s core. Or maybe because they just feel like it.
Colin Baker is the Doctor in Jubilee
Colin Baker (The Doctor)
Maggie Stables (Evelyn Smythe)
Martin Jarvis (Nigel Rochester)
Rosalind Ayres (Miriam Rochester)
Steven Elder (Farrow)
Kai Simmons (Lamb)
Jane Goddard (Presenter/ Mary)
Rob Shearman (Presenter)
Jack Galagher (Movie Star)
Written By: Robert Shearman
Directed By: Nicholas Briggs and Robert Shearman
Coming soon to a cinema near you – Daleks: The Ultimate Adventure!
In a world gone mad, only one man stands between the evil pepperpots and their target, the planet Earth! If you think you have seen the Doctor fight the Daleks before, you are wrong; this is the Ultimate Adventure!
Also starring Plenty O’Toole as Evelyn “Hot Lips” Smythe!
Attendance is mandatory. All praise the glorious English Empire.
Remember when the Daleks were scary?
Sure, when the genocidal maniacs arrive on the scene, threatening to exterminate anything that isn’t of use to the Daleks…which is pretty much everything…it’s a cause for panic. The Daleks have given viewers of Doctor Who some great moments in their time on the show, such as the magnificent “do I have the right” speech from Four in Genesis of the Daleks, Ace taking a baseball bat to a Dalek in Remembrance of the Daleks, and the Cybermen/Dalek trash-talking scene from Doomsday. But sometimes, you get those letdown moments. I compare it to how often the Borg showed up on Star Trek Voyager. Just as often as they showed up, they were defeated by Janeway and her crew. Along the way, the Borg went from “intergalactic threat” to “cosmic joke” as, time and time again, their plans were thwarted and their proclaimed superiority little more than harmful boasting.
You could blame the estate of Terry Nation, who’s contract to allow the BBC to use the Daleks state that the Daleks must show up at least once a season. Whereas the return of the Cybermen in Nightmare in Silver and the Sontarans in The Poison Skytended to have more weight to them, it’s been a while since the Daleks have been truly frightening. Even the recent Asylum of the Daleks focused more on the conflict between Amy and Rory and the dramatic question of just WHERE Clara was getting the milk from for her soufflés than the creepiness and terror of, oh, being in a hospital planet full of Daleks who have been driven insane by simply surviving an encounter with the Doctor. And, in a moment that still makes me cringe and whimper “Mary Sue,” the Dalek in The Big Bang begging for mercy because he recognizes River Song…
The last time the television version of the Daleks freaked me out was the Ninth Doctor story simply titled Dalek. Much as the Doctor is the last Gallifreyan survivor of the Time War, the lone Dalek he encounters is the sole remnant of its entire race. But all it takes is that one Dalek, even chained up and helpless, to drive the stoic Doctor into a state of absolute panic and terror. When the Dalek finally escapes, he tears through the security forces with ruthless aggression, exterminating everything in its path. And while Remembrance did it first, Dalek did it best, taking away the biggest weakness of the Daleks with one simple word.
But what affected me the most was the fact that the Dalek was screaming one simple question the entire time – “WHAT ARE MY OR-DERS?” Unable to think for itself and reverting to its only primal instinct, without anyone to command it, the Dalek has no purpose. It takes an ordinary human being ordering it to self-destruct for the Dalek’s rampage to come to an end. Dalek is considered one of the best episode of Nine’s run as it not only introduces the Daleks to new viewers, but also shows that the Doctor does, can, and will freak the hell out at the sight of his worst enemy.
Robert Shearman was the writer for Dalek. And Big Finish listeners will be very familiar with his audio work, which include the classic serials The Holy Terror, The Chimes of Midnight, Scherzo, and My Own Private Wolfgang. And he also wrote the audio play which Dalek took much of its plotting and thematic work from, the Sixth Doctor serial Jubilee. With an absolutely killer script that is both richer and darker than the TV episode it became and standout performances by all involved, including Colin Baker and especially Maggie Stables, Jubilee is a play that’s considered one of Big Finish’s best productions and more than lives up the hype!
The TARDIS attempts to materialize in London, circa 1903…but then begins to shudder violently as the Doctor attempts to land her. Struggling their way outside, the pair find themselves, once again, in the Tower of London, but now it’s 2003, and they’re without the TARDIS which has dematerialized behind them! The only clue to where it’s gone is a dusty stained glass window in the Tower’s abandoned Chapel of St. John, where the blue TARDIS stands on a green hill, surrounded by flecks of red…and the Doctor’s conflicting memories that, somehow, they’re both been here before and are in terrible danger…
The English Empire rules the world, and Nigel Rochester, President, is looking forward to the Empire’s Diamond Jubilee celebration tomorrow morning. Cuddling with his submissive wife Miriam, Nigel orders Commander Farrow, his trusted security guard, to torture the prisoner being held inside a steel box annexed to the side of the Tower. During the celebration, the prisoner WILL speak to the citizens of the English Empire, and Farrow has been given carte blanche to do whatever is takes to get the prisoner to talk.
When the Doctor and Evelyn are captured and brought before Nigel, Nigel wonders who this man could be in the loud and garishly coloured coat. The Doctor has always been portrayed by Imperial propaganda as a huge, hulking figure of a man, larger than life, savoir of the human race and the English Empire. It’s an easy way to identify the cranks who show up claiming to be the Doctor, after all; the Doctor’s true identity is a closely guarded state secret. But if the Doctor truly is who he says he is, then the prisoner in the Tower will have no trouble identifying him. For the prisoner is the last surviving soldier from the alien invasion in 1903, an invasion that was thwarted by the Doctor himself.
And indeed, when the prisoner lays its eye on the Doctor, its cries of hatred towards him are the only identification that is needed.
Any praise for Jubilee should begin with its strong script. Shearman is a master as using dialogue to lay out settings which are familiar to the listener, such as a medieval castle in The Holy Terror or the Victorian manor in The Chimes of Midnight, but throwing in enough casual differences to establish early how alien these settings truly are; people are most affected, after all, when something happens to them in a familiar setting, a place where they feel safe. The scene where the President of the English Empire lords over the American Prime Minister is a great example of this as the familiar “Special Relationship” is turned completely on its ear. The Daleks are presented by Imperial media as this grand, dangerous threat that only the English Empire, with the help of the Doctor, could defeat, and 100 years later…there are Dalek soft drinks, Daleks on t-shirt, and even a series of action movies starring the Doctor and Evelyn “Hot Lips” Smythe as the Empire has merchandized evil itself for its own gain. And contractions, for some reason, are banned. When it all gets mixed together, Shearman paints a picture of a dark dystopia that isn’t too far removed from the real world, which makes it all the more unsettling.
Colin Baker has often been considered the best “audio” Doctor, with strong performances in nearly all of his stories. Shearman hands Baker Jubilee’s rich script and is rewarded with a performance that Baker absolutely NAILS it, hitting on a wide range of emotions without missing a single beat. Without giving anything away (the synopsis listed above is just the FIRST episode!), Baker shows his care and compassion towards Evelyn, gets to give awe inspiring speeches, goes into hysterics as the Dalek screams at him for orders, and then drops into pity when he realizes just what physical and emotion damage its captors have inflicted upon it. The Doctor has a genocidal hatred towards the Daleks, calling for the prisoner’s extermination, but he also isn’t afraid to turn around and call out President Rochester on his own actions. The performance could have ended up a manic mess, but Baker shows once again why it should be perfectly legal to tar and feather Michael Grade, as the Doctor bounces between inspirational, sublime, and skin-crawling, as he tries to be the solution to the problem while also, somehow, being the cause of the problem! To say any more is to risk spoilers…
Where Baker is top-notch, Jubilee seemed to have been written solely for Maggie Stables. She’s been the subject of strong performances, ala The Marian Conspiracy and Project: Twilight, but she’s also been on the receiving end of some weaker scripts such as The Apocalypse Element. But, as I’ve said before and will say again, “there are no bad Doctors or companions, there are only bad writers.” Robert Shearman is not a bad writer, and Stables’ Evelyn Smythe is in many ways the protagonist and driving force of this story. Evelyn has always stood up to the Doctor, and has no trouble bickering or arguing with him. But underneath their words is a relationship the listener knows is rock-solid, lacking in any sort of “hero-worship” many modern companions have for the Doctor. Evelyn is just too old for that nonsense. The pair spend most of serial’s runtime separated, always worrying about the other’s safety. It’s Evelyn, though, who finds out just how much the Doctor cares for her, via the cliffhanger to Episode 2 and the opening to Episode 3 show. Again, to say anymore is to risk spoilers, but it’s very easy to see why Six/Evelyn is considered such a fantastic pairing with such natural chemistry.
Even away from the Doctor, Evelyn is still the heart of this story, and it’s her reactions to the Dalek prisoner that form the crux of Jubilee’s plot. With all due respect to Billie Piper in Dalek, Maggie Stables is a veteran actor and the bond that forms between her and the Dalek is both believable and a bit eye-opening for those who are familiar with the Daleks. Everyone wants something from the Dalek – information, its screams, and from the Doctor, its death. In Evelyn’s case, she serves two purposes to the Dalek; one, she’s afraid of it. The Dalek’s jailors have long since forgotten the power of the Daleks, and the Doctor has beaten the Daleks enough times to be worried, but not afraid. Evelyn Smythe, even when alone with an unarmed Dalek with a cracked outer casing, knows enough from the events of The Apocalypse Element to be flat-out scared of this metal monster, and causing fear is one of the few emotions the Daleks are familiar with. The second purpose, however, really hits home to long-time Whovians. Evelyn is the companion of the Doctor. The Doctor has sent his companions into combat against the Daleks, and they have gone willingly. Therefore, Evelyn is a soldier who takes orders from the Doctor, and the chain of command is something the Daleks are VERY familiar with. The concept gives a reason for the Dalek to be interested in talking to Evelyn even as it remains quiet in the face of torture, allowing their conversations to take place without them feeling forced or coerced; it’s one soldier talking to another soldier. Fear, death, orders, power, suicide, the pair cover all those topics and the listener finds themselves following along with rapt interest, in a true testament to the acting skills of Maggie Stables.
The supporting cast of questionable characters only add to the serial’s strength. Martin Jarvis is a veteran genre actor and voice-over artist who will be familiar to some as the Governor from the Sixth Doctor serial Vengeance on Varos (And if you haven’t seen it, I recommend it. Some say it’s a classic!). As President Nigel Rochester of the English Empire, one would expect Jarvis to simply chew the hell out of the scenery, much like Henry van Statten did in Dalek. But instead, we get a performance that goes from “subdued” to “flippin’ bonkers” at the drop of a hat, as Rochester comes off as a madman, even as he proclaims he’s only PRETENDING to be a madman because he’s a good person forced to play the part of evil overlord. Just when you begin to sympathize with him, Rochester pulls the rug out and does something cruel, but all in the name of keeping up appearances. It’s an amazing performance. On the other end is Rosalind Ayers, real-life wife to Jarvis, who plays Nigel’s wife Miriam. Her performance keeps turning the audience’s expectations on their ear, as she goes from cowed, ditzy trophy wife to someone who might be smarter than she appears to power-hungry backstabber who’s willing to MARRY a Dalek to maintain power…
The Dalek prisoner is the central villain of Jubilee. It’s obvious that Nicholas Briggs is a huge Dalek fanboy, to the extent that he’s provided their voices for Doctor Who’s current revival as well as writing several of the Dalek Empire plays for Big Finish. After listening to Jubilee, it’s easy to see why the BBC placed their faith in Briggs to portray the Doctor’s iconic foes. Opposite of everyone who has dialogue with him, Briggs simply oozes what being a Dalek means; power, rage, the urge to conquer, and the dismissal of lesser beings. The listener never gets the impression the Dalek is playing a sort of long game. It’s just doing what it was bred to do and acting how it was bred to act. It cares about two things, orders and extermination. The sound department deserves high praise here as well, with the rough, gurgling, crawling sound of the Dalek itself drilling into the memories of the listener. And while I’m on it, the simple things like the hum of the magnetic field, the eeriness of a flattened, abandoned London (thanks to a sudden urge for urban renewal and a sudden urge to forget about it; after all, which is more important for the citizens, housing or entertainment?), and the panicked screams and ray guns of the original Dalek invasions are sounds to behold.
While anyone could take a voice modulator and scream the Dalek’s dialogue, Briggs somehow manages to put forth the conflicted emotions the Dalek develops over the course of the play. Even the black and white mentality of the Dalek turns into shades of gray, thanks to its interactions with Evelyn. Where it was compassion absorbed from Rose that saved the day in Dalek, here it’s cold machine logic that’s drawn out to a foregone conclusion that brings about the serial’s climax, where the logic of the Daleks as a whole conflict with the logic of one lone Dalek. And both are in the right. Again, to say any more…
Going back to the script, there is a bit of timey wimey stuff involved that is a bit confusing, but not enough to cause any detriment to the play. Shearman explains how the TARDIS ends up in two places at once in a way that makes sense, but how the final climax to Jubilee begins is a bit off-putting. Which is a bit of a let-down, as the realization of getting there is incredibly powerful. History is written by the victors, and while the misdeeds of the losers are played up, the atrocities of the victors are played down as well. Evelyn’s background as a historian is played up as she realizes, with horror, just how much the England ofJubilee’s 20th century has changed. In the end, it’s not the Dalek who is screaming “EX-TER-MIN-ATE,” but the crowd of Londoners at Traitor’s Gate who are chanting “EX-TER-MIN-ATE” for its execution on this, the 100th anniversary of their salvation. The script does a grand job of the whole “humans are the real bastards” cliché in a way that doesn’t feel ham-fisted or forced. There’s no denying the evil of the Daleks, but humans don’t have their hands clean either. In the end, though, it’s the human who has to make the final choice, and I think that’s the best part of Jubilee’s message. While people may hate to look in the shadows and see their atrocities, as long as they’re willing to peer into the dark, there is always a chance to avoid their repetition.
Final Synopsis – Much like the TV episode it inspired, Jubilee is a inventive, brooding, and engaging story with strong performances from Colin Baker and Maggie Stables that serves to redefine what it means to be a Dalek. 6/5
Peter Davison is the Doctor in Nekromanteia.
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Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '166', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9412793517112732}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '73458', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:X6LW2B3WIPYV62RCCN47CFJ34BRX6QNA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0161bb79-9c8f-49f7-8dbf-4a143f5511db>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 13, 1, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BS5VL6JO5T7ZEW56HZVPT5XS3OUPMT6N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1cb9458b-d6fc-4c33-b019-158382027dde>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://cobiwann.wordpress.com/2013/12/06/doctor-who-jubilee/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c0d867e-30ca-4c89-a5e1-523d76c9489b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3062', 'url': 'https://cobiwann.wordpress.com/2013/12/06/doctor-who-jubilee/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-27-36.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02140223979949951', 'original_id': 'a4c06c06957d55e112cb862db7e3e29c5dd8c5711ef3e610db23d58a38f8edd7'} |
‘Hostility’ among Solomons police
Rory Callinan; 28/4/10
Hostility has developed between Solomon Islands police and their mostly Australian advisers over everything from cultural traditions to access to cars, boats and even photocopying paper. Some islanders want the armed foreign officers and their military counterparts, who together make up the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, to be gradually withdrawn and deployed only for the most serious circumstances. The problems were uncovered in a comprehensive review of the policing component of the mission, which costs Australia about $120 million a year and has been deployed since 2003. Last year’s review involved four experts assessing the effectiveness of RAMSI’s Participating Police Force, which includes 224 Australian Federal Police out of a total of 283 officers helping to rebuild the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force.
See: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/hostility-among-solomons-police/story-e6frg6so-1225859060313 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9435381889343262}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39116', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6FCP3UBDCNSWFEC36AC65QYF42U3CNQS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bd182155-b44c-4d32-a0ea-02de46ab3203>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 5, 10, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.24.110.245', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Q5DQWQQ7VPADC54UGJCXBCFCEDMXAFAO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:48dffcd3-f0bd-46f6-915e-f2beff5a4455>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.missionandjustice.org/hostility-among-solomons-police/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ea2eaf70-e661-47f3-abe5-bff3a664532a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '133', 'url': 'http://www.missionandjustice.org/hostility-among-solomons-police/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-149-111-56.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06468147039413452', 'original_id': 'c69b68cdac4004a89d19818de365e69f4522cde1f8f644d4b3f5ef228773a0a9'} |
Baroque era, Baroque era tunings, classissima,, Daniel Waitzman, Elaine Comparone, flute, harpsichord, piano blog, piano blogging
J.S. Bach, the piano, harpsichord and early music tunings
Elaine Comparone, a well-regarded harpsichordist rendered a dance movement from J.S. Bach’s French Suite No. 5 in G, (BWV 816) that I’d performed on the pianoforte. In the Loure, (written in G Major) I was immediately struck by a pitch disparity between our respective instruments. While Loure was composed in the key of G Major, it suddenly sounded in the Key of F (or a tad under) according to A 440 frequency standard. While Elaine looked like she was playing in G, she inhabited another tonal cosmos. This unusual circumstance tweaked my curiosity and led to my querying the performing artist and one of her colleagues, Daniel Waitzman, about the universe of early music tunings and transposition.
Before launching into a discussion about the reasons for Baroque period tuning adjustments, a sample of harpsichord and piano French Suite performances provide a point of reference.
Elaine Comparone:
“In the old days they played at various, non-standardized pitches. Italy was high—Venice especially, I believe, but surviving instruments, organs and flutes mainly, were pitched lower. The current (past 50 years or so) “early music” cognoscenti found enough evidence to support an A pitched at 415, or one half step below 440. Today, most if not all early music groups play at A equals 415.
“Both of my instruments (built in the late 60s) were pitched at A 440 at delivery. Then the harpsichord builders began to add transposing keyboards to their instruments to accommodate the current trend.”
Daniel Waitzman, a virtuoso flutist, and composer offered the following in-depth narrative about historical tuning practices:
As you know, the French set the pitch at about A=392 in the late seventeenth-early eighteenth century, at around the same time that the Hotteterres transformed the shawm into the oboe and the more-or-less cylindrical keyless six-holed flute into the one-keyed flute. (The reform of the woodwinds and of the orchestra occurred simultaneously with the reform of the pitch.) Bach was undoubtedly familiar with this, since he knew and worked with French flutists. Pitch standards in those days were far more variable–and even chaotic–than we are given to believe today. For example, Vivaldi’s Venetian pitch was about 440: nonetheless I have had to give many performances of his Piccolo Recorder concerti at Kammerton (A= 415, as it is interpreted today, for the convenience of its being exactly a half-step below our presumed norm of 440).
Bach worked every day with at least two pitches: the old high pitch of organs built in the Renaissance, about a half-step above 440: thus a whole step above his second standard pitch of Kammerton–422 or thereabouts–from whence the modern “early music” pitch of 415. Indeed, some of his works, such as Cantata 106 and Cantata 8 are rendered more difficult when performed from the old Bach Gesellschaft edition, since those early editors were pianists who assumed that Bach’s organ notation–he treated the organ as a transposing instrument–was the point of departure, rather than the other way around. What is, on the keyboard, an inconvenience becomes on a woodwind a sometimes-crushing burden, if one transpose the woodwind parts, rather than the organ part.
Frederick the Great’s court (Quantz, C.P.E. Bach, Benda, and a whole bunch of other geniuses, with Voltaire lurking in the background–my God!–My wife, Mona and I had the privilege of visiting his summer palace, Sans Souci in Potsdam, back in 1997; an unforgettable experience; one of his Quantz flutes lies on one of the few of his surviving Silbermann fortepianos–the Russkies got the rest in the Great Patriotic War–no, they did not let me play on it; but I had a conversation with the curator in my broken German, and I have played another of Quantz’s instruments in the Dayton C. Milller Collection at the Library of Congress, before it cracked a second time: a wonderful instrument. My own Quantz-near-replica is quite remarkable too, although I have to have the D# key repaired)–Frederick the Great’s court, I say, adopted the French low pitch of A=ca. 392. This is largely because of two factors: Firstly, Frederick considered himself an honorary Frenchman, like so many of the other aristocrats of the day; and secondly, Quantz’s reform of the flute (2-keyed for enharmonic distinctions associated with mean-tone and other non-equal temperaments; wide bore, restricted third octave to favor the lower register and enhance the cross-fingerings; enlarged embouchure hole; tuning slide) was made at the low French pitch. I can testify that Quantz’s flutes are among the very best of the old flutes; and that the old French pitch works brilliantly on the old flute–I have played an original Hotteterre flute in Boston. In his book, Quantz himself speculates on the possibility of re-scaling his flutes to Kammerton (422); but argues that doing so would change the nature of the instrument. The argument continues today; and there is, in fact, some truth to it. Quantz, by the way, did on occasion build flutes to different scalings more in accordance with the usual pattern; and anyone who tries to convince us that the old masters were as doctrinaire and pig-headed as modern early-music cultists is a liar.
Now, it is therefore probable that Bach tuned his harpsichords, at least occasionally, to the low French pitch.
You Tube Channel:
A sample of Waitzman’s artistry is offered in the modern day key of B minor:
To fast forward to the late 19th and early 20th Century, vintage pianos may have been tuned under 440 as well, but certainly not down a whole step from today’s concert A., provides a list of important dates:
1880 Steinway may have been using a pitch of A436. According to Steinway of New York, 1880 is right around the time they switched from three piece rims to the continuous rim that is used today. So it is unlikely the pitch was any higher before 1880, yet Steinway of London had a fork A454.7.
1885 In Vienna a pitch of A435.4 was adopted at a temperature of 59 degrees Fahrenheit for A.
1885 At an international exhibition of inventions and music in London a pitch of A452 was adopted.
1896 Philharmonic pitch A439, giving C522
1925 On the 11th of June the American music industry adopted A440.
1936 American Standards Association adopted A440. yet; New York Philharmonic and the Boston Symphony Orchestra, use 442 Hz
1939 At an international conference A440 was adopted.
The pitch of A440 has remained the standard since 1939. Pitches have risen a little, particularly in Eastern European countries, which often wish pianos to be tuned to A 444 or even a bit above. Some concert halls in the UK and European countries have two pianos on site, one tuned to A440 and one tuned to A 444. This is to keep the pianos stable, as constantly raising and lowering the pitch is not good for the piano; it makes it hard for the piano tuner to make the tuning stable.
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| mini_pile | {'original_id': '60c95b334c0e7c0cb5d0b4b7b87bb6eaf6eb41e2ca1a847112465c8d0fb764f0'} |
View Full Version : Dave Shaw
07-18-2007, 23:22
How many of you have ever read the ABC story on Dave's death? Do you think he should have even tried such a recovery at that depth? I thought this was a detailed story, and found it very interesting. The thing that really bothered me was, why didnt he just bring the body up toDon's depth sohe could help him putthe body bag on?Narcosis? Does anybody know if there is a link to the actual video that came from Dave's helment cam?
07-18-2007, 23:36
Very sad story. I admire him for trying, I think he was doing it for
the right reasons. I'm guessing the body wasn't stable enough to move,
it might have broken apart. I'm sure all options were considered. I
feel bad, but he knew this could happen.
07-18-2007, 23:43
I don't think I ever read the story, do you have a link so that we can get caught up for discussion?
07-18-2007, 23:51
I found this video (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF4iFJ-G74o) on YouTube. It' pretty sad to watch.
07-18-2007, 23:52
Here's the story:
07-19-2007, 16:01
I read about first over a year ago, as it was posted on Divester, in Outside Magazine. Purely by chance, I happened to catch the ABC News special.
I posted on these both times and my opinion has not changed. This was not a job for amateur well intentioned divers. This would have been a difficult job for even a professional dive recovery team.
My heart and my condolences continue to be with the families.
07-19-2007, 16:01
wow... sad stuff
07-19-2007, 16:04
thanks for the link ...never heard this before...intresting but sad
07-19-2007, 16:25
On Mt. Everest you lie where you die, if you're above the death zone. There simply isn't enough oxygen to put out the energy to bring someone down. Seems like there should be something like this with extreme scuba. If the body is in a place where it is that dangerous to recover, that should be their resting place. I guess my personal opinion is if I wanted to do this kind of risky dive, I wouldn't mind resting eternally on the bottom. The neverending dive.
<DIV>Mt. Everest info came from watching Everest Beyond the Limit on Discovery. Discovery channel is awesome.</DIV>
07-19-2007, 23:21
A very sad story. Dave Shaw was a courageous man. I'm not sure I agree with the "extreme diving" angle the article uses, because it implies recklessness no matter how they explain the support Dave needed to make that type of dive.
07-20-2007, 03:46
Gosh how awful for both families http://www.scubatoys.com/forum/smileys/smiley6.gif
07-30-2007, 18:03
Nothing wrong with him trying a recovery at that depth. It't just too bad it turned out the way it did. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9506168365478516}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '7433', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ECK36HQJS7X4GN33U6EMK25XZ2SVG46F', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:98c44afd-74e6-4e0a-a670-d6dfa48ce260>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 22, 42, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '174.133.236.82', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AFTPLW42VJN3QZCD4WOUTXPQYPVSMWRB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e35ce31a-5768-45d0-8d9e-616a7ee162b0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://forum.scubatoys.com/archive/index.php/t-592.html?s=c2cfc5d87fcba5310b02584148d7e22c', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cb0a2ff1-8b1f-421f-9cc3-4fb14077c027>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '483', 'url': 'http://forum.scubatoys.com/archive/index.php/t-592.html?s=c2cfc5d87fcba5310b02584148d7e22c', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-92-167.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.033334195613861084', 'original_id': 'cdcdf9bb21c7e405a7529c725d3e044b9c2c44920c432d999d03b336a77dba30'} |
Walter Daniel Benítez
Walter Daniel Benítez (born 19 January 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Nice.
External links
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from San Martín, Buenos Aires
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:Argentina under-20 international footballers
Category:Argentine expatriate footballers
Category:Ligue 1 players
Category:Quilmes footballers
Category:OGC Nice players
Category:Argentine expatriate sportspeople in France
Category:Expatriate footballers in France | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0508cd07f6a2634b13a9fffef840ab64915873a690e4026c16d5c11fd9c8790f'} |
04 October 2012
A Day's Ride
From Indianapolis North to the State line, Indiana, with a few exceptions, is nearly flat as a billiard table.
South of Indy the geography starts gradually changing. At first the terrain starts to undulate, but elevation changes aren't so great as to require the roads to go around hills.
Then the hills get bigger and the roads begin to resemble snakes. Just North of the Ohio river, elevation changes get pretty dramatic and the roads are heaven for motorcyclists.
I grew up just South of Indianapolis. I didn't have to venture very far to find "interesting" roads to ride on my 250cc Harley-Davidson "Sprint".
Since bikers attract bikers, it wasn't difficult to find yourself in the middle of a group of four or five guys, all headed South to find some curves. One summer day in 1963 my little Harley was surrounded by a group of friends riding a Honda, a Triumph, and an Allstate-Puch. South on Indiana Highway 135, we found ourselves carving curves in Brown County State Park. Roads in the park are smooth, wide, and traffic is relatively light. Soon we were challenging one another to see who could negotiate curves faster.
It wasn't long before we attracted the attention of Park Rangers. Stopped as a group, we surrendered our Driver's licenses and were instructed to "follow me, boys!" We soon found ourselves at the office of a local Justice of the Peace, paid a $35 fine, and were told to be on our way and "SLOW DOWN!"
The balloon had been popped and the fun of the day was gone.
We headed North for home.
About three miles from home, back on relatively flat ground, looking out ahead to the next intersection, we saw a State Police car on the right berm, lights flashing. Having just been chastised by law enforcement, we slowed down to a snail's pace. Abeam the trooper's cruiser, off the road about 30 feet, we saw a mangled Honda 50cc "Cub" just in the corn field in front of a big four-door sedan. We stopped, dismounted, and walked back toward the trooper investigating the accident.
"What happened?"
"Two sets of identical twins. Two Honda 50's. The older set of twins had their driver's licenses so one each was driving the bikes. Each of the younger set of twins was riding as passenger. The first bike was about half a mile ahead of the second, so in order to try to catch up the boys on the second bike ignored the stop sign and were T-boned by the car."
"How are the boys?"
He sighed, paused... "I think they're gone."
Even today it makes me sad to think about it.
Think of the chaos and emotion at that scene...
Two boys frantically trying to get help for their identical twin brothers.
A Summer joy ride turned into a horror because of a mistake at a blind intersection.
Life is a risk.
If you break the rules or make a mistake, you're asking for pain.
But we're human and we know we'll sometimes break the rules or make mistakes.
That's when wearing your seatbelt or wearing a helmet and gear may be the difference between livin' and dyin'.
Buckle up.
Put that ugly, uncomfortable thing on your head.
lotta joy said...
Right up until the tragedy, I was following you, getting closer and closer to my beloved New Albany. When I say we lived at the base of a "mountain" (okay. Maybe a "hill") people who are only familiar with northern Indiana tell me there are no hills.
To me, Indiana is the only state where a 2 hour ride puts you in an entirely different land.
We're going home for a visit. Joe will enjoy it, but I will DREAD leaving and having to go through the homesickness all over again.
Men don't understand a woman's passion for her roots.
eiaftinfo said...
It always seems to be those little choices in life that have the biggest affect on us.
Ed Bonderenka said...
You never know how fast you can take a turn until you can't...
Old NFO said...
Concur, seeing one's brains spilling out of the head is NOT a good sign!
Bloviating Zeppelin said...
Life IS a risk.
But Americans take them. It's what we do. It's what the rest of the world doesn't understand.
I don't want a perfect world. I don't want a vanilla world. I don't want to walk around in a Red Man or Nerf suit, wearing a helmet, knee-pads, coddled, pampered, told what to think, what to eat, what to do, when to poop, how to vote.
I didn't have a fraction of the crap incumbent upon me as a kid that Americans do now. Somehow I survived. Imagine that.
Accidents happen. You try to wise up and gain wisdom with age. That is YOUR responsibility.
Some do and some don't.
"Life is tough; it's tougher if you're stupid."
bump said...
Greybeard . . . Some take more risks than others. Just watched big bike going fast on the Isle of Man. Wow! Then about 10 sec. later read yours about the twins t-bone. I think I'll ride slower today. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9682539701461792}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '107149', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MNGDSXFILCFW46YZW27OBBKB7GVD3RGD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:47729180-b687-42c7-8547-d639796e85c3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 5, 4, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.235', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DKLV5BLLXAJBDGN7AKFC5MCOX5L7SYZH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:38a4a6e3-9110-43be-a933-63775b8e0ec1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.pitchpull.blogspot.com/2012/10/a-days-ride.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:888a0827-d728-4e1a-9378-01c3f11d53e1>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '858', 'url': 'http://www.pitchpull.blogspot.com/2012/10/a-days-ride.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09841269254684448', 'original_id': '3cbcbaed19cd0cb4b5d2daa6c92d61990aafc9b3de1d6631fd55731bf0783fa5'} |
Video of a proof of concept:
The idea is to create a board game where anyone can play a game they've never played , even if they don't know the rules. The console will teach them (based on whichever game is played) by providing feedback, audio and video, through the board, around the pieces. The Console will count money, points, show multimedia as things happen on the screen (i.e. explosion, building construction, etc.)
Special storage is made around the board to store physical pieces. Special "hiding cap" can be hooked around the board, allowing for a small portion of the board to only be seen by a given user (i.e. think of scrabble where only the user sees his letters). No need for smartphone, no need for wifi (while we can leverage that, but not mandatory). This is pure social table top games, version 2.0.
My proof of concept is using a multi-touch 27 inches LCD screen with a minix (android tv). I removed the casing of both, stuck the minix in the lcd, replaced back the case. I had to get a special driver modified so the multi-touch worked. The video shows a basic software detecting my metal piece through the 3 touch points, provide the coordinate and move as the piece move.
Below are a few pieces I did. the first one is a hot wheel (made of metal) which i drilled and glued 3 of those cheap tablet pen (rubber prevents scrapping the lcd obviously). The others are 3D printed. My goal is to either use conductive paint or some other mechanism. If I put a battery in my dice, the points can generate the coordinate so the game knows how much a player would roll.
(I obviously don't own Monopoly's right, this is just a screenshot of their board to give you an idea). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.964249312877655}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70820', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RPXNVMDIC4OJUTFZSMQDRF6ACVRFFMLN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b87a4d4d-f9ea-4486-a369-3c658acb1a2d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 18, 22, 48, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.54.96.130', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KLYGUPQCCRVZEXWEUVCDE6O5FZZRNPTA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a2da0bd7-2049-4b26-9049-7b05aad03017>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://hackaday.io/project/20467-boardgame-console', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6d3ab7bb-cf8f-4593-8636-fc1d65317ea8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '298', 'url': 'https://hackaday.io/project/20467-boardgame-console', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-43-195-133.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6309143900871277', 'original_id': '30f425868a2410313d43f2b426ac85df7fc7fc4e4c560192323b35eb5398583b'} |
Monday, 15 September 2014
There have been arguments that children shouldn't be smacked as a punishment. Personally I think this is something that our government shouldn't take part in. Parents should discipline their own children.
Some adults can rebuke their children better with their hands, but some people control them better with their speech.
On the other side of this view it also depends on the children, some understand and listen better to a smacking hand then a gruff voice.
Then thirdly, it depends how mothers and fathers want their children to turn out, a spoilt snob or a mischief monkey.
Or maybe smacking shouldn't be allowed, little kids most likely don't want their first memory of being smacked, it'd be shocking, children could become terrified from their parents. But then it should be allowed, they wouldn't dare do a thing wrong after a hard smack at a young age
But think about it is this really something the government should interfere with?
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Vampyres (1974)
Vampyres poster
87 minutes
Cast and Crew
Production Company
Vampyres (1974) is Spanish director Joseph Larraz's entry into the 'lesbian vampire' cycle of films popular in Europe at the time. Full of nudity and violence, the movies were exploitation house favorites, though most have fallen into deserved obscurity. Anchor Bay has recently released Vampyres as part of its 'eurohorror' line of videos and DVD. Uncut and restored from the negative, we have been given a second chance to appreciate a rare and thoughtful film that combines vampire mythology with graphic violence and sensual sexuality.
The spare, moody story concerns a pair of woman (the mature, sensual Marianne Morris and sleek, somber Playboy model Anulka) who haunt an abandoned castle and the English country side around it. They prey on passing motorists, whom they seduce, and murder. One such victim is Ted, played by English actor Murray Brown. There is a strange bond between him, and the older of the two woman, Fran. She is unwilling to slaughter him outright, and keeps him alive to serve her sexual and sanguary needs. Though he is free to leave in daylight, when the woman are no where to be found, he finds he can not bring himself to leave,. His presence begins to threaten the relationship between Fran, and the younger and more blood-hungry Miriam. Meanwhile, there is that nice English couple camping on the castle grounds, who are trying to figure out just what is going on in that supposedly empty castle.
Director Larraz has stripped away many of the gothic trappings of vampires. The woman go about freely in daylight, they drink.. wine, and lack fangs so that they must cut their victims and drink blood from the spurting wound. Like George Romero's Martin or The Blood Spattered Bride by fellow Spaniard Vicente Aranda, there is nothing overtly supernatural about the 'vampyres'. What he has left us with is a brooding mystery, a dark, moldering castle, and haunting images of his black-dressed heroines fleeing across the moors.
Larraz's film is strong stuff. He has taken the soft-core conventions and cheap titillation of Hammer's 'Carmilla' films, and turned them on their heads. Sure, there is lots of nudity and onscreen coitus. But instead of cheap thrills, there is an air of threat, desperation, and pathos both in the film and in the characters. Instead of using it to fill screen time, Larraz makes lust and sexual obsession and central theme in his film. What transpires in that dark castle, with its empty rooms and mysterious cellar can be explained in terms psychosexual as easily as supernatural.
Larraz plays ambiguously with the nature of the two women as well as Murray Brown's confused prisoner. The screenplay hints at past secrets that bind the characters together, and never makes explicit their connection. Larraz has his own ideas, though, and a the patient viewer will be able to peace together the secrets that the script only hints at.
Vampyres is a unique film. While superficially it resemble any of a dozen other 'blood and breast' films of the 70's, it puts a mature, thoughtful spin on the material. Larraz has taken material that could have played for camp and soft-core titillation, and instead, has delivered and thoughtful meditation on sex, obsession, and guilt. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '58', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9536880850791932}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '30046', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CCKZ3O4IAKNNXEMN32DCBOLWBVMFSIDI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:248bf48b-55f1-488b-a6f1-28fda529f025>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 22, 22, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.111.122.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IXVN2OF5I5XOLDHJFGHFZIYNW4CCPI7E', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fcabcedb-a9b6-42c9-bbd2-d0716042c362>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://classic-horror.com/reviews/vampyres_1974.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2bc11f50-ac46-4562-a963-414e41866d6a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '603', 'url': 'http://classic-horror.com/reviews/vampyres_1974.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15241074562072754', 'original_id': '8412d7495a6492205fcd165bc29cbe118bf3e5b1129a2c855fd18617a0b9514c'} |
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