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膀胱结核症状有哪些？膀胱结核继发于肾结核，少数由前列腺结核蔓延而来。膀胱结核多与泌尿生殖系结核同时存在。通常表现为：因为多数膀胱结核来源于肾结核，所以早期病变可能在于肾脏，往往没有任何临床症状。随着病情发展，膀胱刺激征较为明显，表现为尿频、尿急、尿痛，往往是患者就诊时的主诉。膀胱结核的患者，尿频更加严重，因为病变蔓延形成结核性膀胱炎。血尿、脓尿也较为常见。多为终末血尿。严重膀胱结核时，可造成肾积水，可出现慢性肾功能不全的症状，比如水肿、贫血、恶心、呕吐、少尿甚至突然无尿。膀胱壁的结核溃疡向邻近器官穿透可形成结核性膀胱结、肠瘘或膀胱阴道瘘，穿通腹腔时尿液流入腹腔出现急腹症的临床表现。确诊膀胱结核应及时采取治疗，治疗方法有：一、药物治疗目前有临床应用价值的药物较多，但以异烟肼、链霉素、对氨水杨酸的疗效较好，毒性较小，被称为第一线药物，其他如氨硫脲、吡嗪酰胺、卡那霉素、环丝氨酸紫霉素等，这些药物效果，不及第一线药物，毒性亦较大，仅在结核菌对第一线药物产生抗药性时方始采用，故称为第二线药物。利福平、乙胺丁醇系较新的药物，由于其疗效较高，毒性较小，近年来已倾向于取代对氨水杨酸而列为第一线药物。二、手术治疗旨在去除不可修复的破坏病灶，解除梗阻，抢救肾功能。基本原则是：无泌尿系、男性生殖器以外的活动性结核灶；手术前必须至少抗结核2周以上，术后仍需要继续完成治疗方案。挛缩膀胱的手术治疗：手术前与结核性炎症刺激引起的膀胱痉挛鉴别。经过3～6个月抗结核治疗炎症消退容量恢复者，多为膀胱痉挛，无需手术；若无好转，则为膀胱挛缩。手术方式有：肠膀胱扩大术、尿流改道术等。膀胱结合症经过规范化抗结核药物治疗是一般可以治愈积极配合医生治疗，保持良好的心态。 |
濯田镇是中国福建省龙岩市长汀县下辖的一个镇。
概述
濯田镇位于长汀西南部，东接319国道直通龙岩、厦门、永安，南连武平直达广东梅州，西邻四都，交通极其便利。全镇辖40个行政村，总人口5.3万余人，拥有耕地4.3万亩，属半山区，年平均温度18.6℃，年降雨总量1745.7毫米，气候温和，土地肥沃，雨量充沛，近亚热带海洋季风气候，适宜生长种植多种农作物和经济作物，尤其粮食是县主要产粮之大镇，万亩油菜示范片曾多次获省、地、县嘉奖，农副产品非常丰富，年外调大量的槟榔芋、地瓜粉、大薯、优质大米、花生油、菜油、茶油等农副产品。此外，还盛产红板糖、糖花酒、辣椒油、粉皮、粉丝、米粉等特产，素有“鱼米之乡”、“长汀的小江南”之美称。
行政区划
濯田镇共辖40个行政村，分别是：
街上村、坝尾村、中坊村、上庙村、下洋村、巷头村、山田村、龙田村、横田村、安仁村、长高村、李湖村、丰口村、左拔村、长巫村、升平村、段上村、水头村、羊赤村、桐睦村、寨头村、刘坑村、东山村、湖头村、刘坑头村、塍背村、连湖村、陈屋村、露潭村、南安村、水口村、河东村、刘坊村、永巫村、梅迳村、长兰村、上塘村、美溪村、美西村、元当村。
长汀县行政区划 |
早晨起床手麻是怎么回事？早上起床和麻木的问题已成为我们许多人非常头痛的话题。虽然这不是一个太严重的水平，但它麻木，我觉得我心里不舒服，所以我们很多人都不知道怎么做好，导致早上起床手麻的原因有哪些呢？引起手麻较为常见原因的有以下几种：1、上肢神经卡压：（1）是拇、食、中指的麻木疼痛，常有夜间麻醒史，醒后活动可好转。严重者可伴有手部肌肉萎缩，影响手的精细动作，这是因为正中神经在腕部受到压迫，即所谓的“腕管综合征”；（2）是环、小指的麻木疼痛，也可有夜间麻醒史，严重者伴有肌萎缩，环、小指的屈指力下降，影响精细动作。这是因为神经在肘部受到卡压，即所谓的“肘管综合征”。2、颈椎病：引起手麻最常见的疾病就是颈椎病，它是中老年人好发的疾病之一。颈椎病除了有手指麻木、感觉异常以外，还伴随其它症状，如：颈肩部肌肉酸痛，上肢有放射痛或活动障碍等。确诊颈椎病并不困难，只要照一张X光片就可以了。另外还有一种检查颈椎病的简单方法，一个人托患侧头部，一手握患侧上肢，将其外展90°，两手同时向相反方向推拉，有放射痛或麻木者可初步确诊为颈椎病。3中风：引起手麻的另一常见疾病便是中风了。如果经常出现头痛、眩晕、头重脚轻、肢体麻木、舌头发胀等症状，且患者平时又有高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、脑动脉硬化等疾病时，应多加以注意，警惕中风的发生。【总之】手麻木症状的诊断需要参考颈椎，肌电图和其他辅助检查来确认诊断。一旦确诊，如果症状仍然轻微，可以不同程度地改善常规的非手术治疗。如果症状明显且肌内肌有明显萎缩，应及时进行手术治疗，以防止疾病发展。肌肉不可逆地严重萎缩，导致手的严重功能障碍。 |
Elections in Florida are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in even-numbered years, as provided for in Article 6 of the Florida Constitution.
For state elections, the Governor of Florida, Lieutenant Governor, and the members of the Florida Cabinet, and members of the Florida Senate are elected every four years; members of the Florida House of Representatives are elected every two years. In national elections, Florida plays an important role as the largest bellwether state, occasionally determining the outcome of elections for U.S. President — as it did in 1876 and in 2000.
In a 2020 study, Florida was ranked as the 11th hardest state for citizens to vote in.
All citizens of the United States, over the age of eighteen and who are permanent residents of the state, may register to vote as a qualified elector of Florida unless they are convicted of a felony or found to be mentally incompetent.
State elections
The Governor of Florida, Lieutenant Governor, and the members of the Florida Cabinet are elected every four years. Members of the Florida House of Representatives are elected every two years, while members of the Florida Senate are elected every four years.
Candidates for the Florida legislature may serve no more than 2 consecutive terms (8 years) as Senator, or 4 consecutive terms (8 years) as Representative.
Voters determine whether judges at the state level should be retained, at the end of their respective term. Since this law was enacted in 1974, no judge has ever been removed from office by failure of retention.
Florida in national elections
Florida received international attention for its role in the 2000 presidential election, where George W. Bush led Al Gore by only a couple of hundred votes when the Supreme Court of the United States ended a recount. It had also played a role in the equally contested 1876 presidential election and is often seen as one of the key swing states in presidential elections.
Florida held its 2008 presidential primary on January 29, 2008 after a bill was passed in May 2007 moving it sooner on the electoral calendar. This move was in violation of party rules restricting primaries held before February 5 to Iowa, Nevada, New Hampshire, and South Carolina. The Democratic Party eventually decided to strip Florida of all its 210 delegates at the Democrats' convention, while the Republicans stripped Florida of half its delegates to the GOP convention. A federal judge dismissed a suit from Democratic Senator Bill Nelson against the DNC and chairman Howard Dean to overturn this decision.
History
In the first half of the 19th century, the right to vote was held only by white males aged 21 and over. After 1920, women were able to vote with the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 1937, the requirement to pay a poll tax was repealed by the state legislature, allowing poorer Floridians to vote, and in 1944 the United States Supreme Court invalidated a system of white-only primary elections.
Florida was originally part of the Solid South, as Democrats overwhelmingly won state and federal elections during the hundred years following the Civil War. However, in 1937, the requirement to pay a poll tax was repealed by the state legislature, allowing poorer Floridians to vote, and coupled with a growing tourist industry in the mid-20th century that attracted Northern retirees, the state became electorally competitive earlier than the rest of the South. Since 1928, the state has only voted for the losing presidential candidate three times, all for losing Republicans in 1960, 1992, and 2020. In 1966, Claude Kirk was elected the first Republican governor of Florida since Reconstruction. This was followed in 1968, with Republicans winning a Senate seat in the state for the first time since Reconstruction.
The Florida Elections Commission was established in 1973. In 2005, Jeb Bush signed a bill to abolish primary runoff elections, resulting in all primary and general elections being determined by plurality rather than majority.
The state is dominated by Republicans on the state level, as Democrats have not held the governorship or either house of the legislature since 1999. Republicans currently have veto-proof majorities in both houses of the Florida legislature. However, the state has become increasingly Republican since the late 2010s, as in 2018, Republicans captured both Senate seats in the state for the first time since Reconstruction. In 2020, Florida voted 7.8 points right of the nation as a whole, the furthest it has voted from the nation since 1988, and it was the first election since 1992 that Florida backed the losing candidate. In 2022, Republicans won their largest statewide victories since Reconstruction and neared 60% of the vote. In 2021, registered Republicans surpassed Democrats for the first time in state history.
Election security
On August 8, 2018 Senator Bill Nelson told the Tampa Bay Times that Florida's voting system had been penetrated by Russian hacking efforts. Senator Nelson noted that the likely target of hacking efforts was voter rolls for the state.
During DEF CON 26 in 2018, an 11-year-old reportedly hacked into a Florida state election website replica in just 10 minutes by taking advantage of expired SSL certificates. The participants of this event also discovered vulnerabilities of the state voting machines via the memory card and rendering a voter's ballot invalid.
In May 2019, Republican Florida Governor Ron DeSantis announced Russians hacked voting databases in two Florida counties prior to the 2016 presidential election and no election results were compromised.
Party affiliation
The following statistics show party affiliation of registered Florida voters:
In 1972, Democratic registered 69%, Republican 28%, and 3% other.
In 1992, Democratic registered 51%, Republicans 41%, and 8% other.
In 2013, Democrats registered 40%, Republicans 35%, and 25% other.
In 2016, Democrats registered 38%, Republicans 36%, and 26% other.
In 2018, Democrats registered 37%, Republicans 35%, and 28% other.
In 2021, Democrats registered 35.6%, Republicans 35.9%, and 28.5% other.
See also
Florida elections, 2020
Politics of Florida
Political party strength in Florida
Florida Democratic Party
Republican Party of Florida
Government of Florida
United States presidential elections in Florida
Women's suffrage in Florida
References
Further reading
External links
Florida Division of Elections government website
Florida Elections Commission government website
(State affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
Digital Public Library of America. Assorted materials related to Florida elections
Government of Florida
Political events in Florida |
The Robert Connor Dawes Foundation is an Australian not-for-profit organisation that facilitates funding in brain research, care and development in Australia and the United States. The foundation was created in June 2013 by Liz Dawes and Scott Dawes in memory of their son Robert Connor Dawes who died from a brain tumour in April 2013 at 18 years of age. As of July 31, 2015, they changed their name from Robert Connor Dawes Fund to Robert Connor Dawes Foundation.
Overview
Funds raised go towards research to further understand and more completely treat brain tumours, including earlier detection, surgery and post-surgery treatments at the Royal Children’s Hospital, the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Children's Cancer Institute of Australia and the Monash Medical Centre. The foundation also supports the work of The CERN Foundation. The main source of fundraising is the annual Connor's Run which has raised $2.7 million since 2013 and has become the largest event for paediatric brain cancer in Australia. The event was recognised by the Bayside City Council in 2014 as the Best Community Event of the Year. Their main event in the United States is Connor's Erg Challenge. In 2014, the foundation launched Victoria's first Brain Week to raise awareness of brain cancer and source research funding, which is now in its third year.
Ambassadors
Lisa McCune, James Tomkins, Olivia Wells, Tamsyn Lewis, Dave Hughes, Feliks Zemdegs, Sean McMahon and Charlie Carrington are ambassadors.
Events
Connor's Run
Connor's Run, held in September is the foundation's largest event. The 2019 event was the biggest to date, with over 5000 participants, and raising over $1.2 million. In seven years, the event has raised $4.3 million to support research into paediatric brain cancer.
RCD Foundation initiatives
AIM Brain Project
In 2017 the Federal Government, along with the Australian and New Zealand Children’s Haematology/Oncology Group made the announcement that they would be co-funding the AIM Brain Project along with the Robert Connor Dawes Foundation over four years. The project is an Australian-first Robert Connor Dawes Foundation initiative that provides access to world-leading research technology, led by Dr Stefan Pfister at the German Cancer Research Centre, and will help doctors better understand and classify individual brain tumours. With a clearer understanding of each tumour, specialists can create better, personalised treatments not just based on tumour type, but on its actual molecular build.
In January 2019, Carrie Bickmore's charity, Carrie's Beanies 4 Brain Cancer (CB4BC) announced that they would contribute more than $500,000 to the cause.
References
Health charities in Australia
Medical and health organisations based in Victoria (state) |
溝鰺（学名：），俗名為銅鏡、女儿鲳、黑鳍鲳、腹沟鲹，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鰺科的其中一個種。
分布
本魚分布於印度西太平洋區，包括波斯灣、馬爾地夫、斯里蘭卡、印度、安達曼海、日本、中國沿海、台灣、菲律賓、越南、泰國、馬來西亞、印尼、澳洲、新幾內亞海岸等海域。
深度
水深5至35公尺。
特徵
本魚腹面中央現有一縱溝可收藏腹鰭、臀鰭、肛門孔。鱗片小，附著牢固，但退鮮時易脫落。第一背鰭有硬棘7至8枚，硬棘間有鰭膜，其色透明。第二背鰭及臀鰭前6軟條只稍有延長，最長的軟條只有最短軟條的1倍左右。第二背鰭有軟條21至22枚；臀鰭有硬棘1枚、軟條17至18枚。側線稜鱗數目在30至35枚左右。體長可達35公分。
生態
本魚屬於中層洄游性魚類，約在二月時產卵，產卵前肉多脂肪而美味，卵巢飽滿後，體脂肪漸薄。常成群在海底沙堆上，用腹部左右搖擺來翻動沙堆，藏匿其中的小生物受驚嚇而逃出時，則立即追上捕食。為避免柔軟的腹鰭、臀鰭受傷，故藏在腹溝中。
經濟利用
食用魚，用薑絲與少許醬油紅燒，相當美味。
参考文献
台灣魚類資料庫
A
atropos
A |
巴德加施泰因（德语：Badgastein）是奧地利的城鎮，位於該國中部，由薩爾茨堡州負責管轄，面積170.6平方公里，海拔高度1,002米，主要經濟活動是旅遊業，2012年人口4,362。
参考资料
外部連結
http://www.gastein.com – official homepage
www.slopeseeker.com – An independent guide to skiing in Bad Gastein
https://web.archive.org/web/20190822151847/https://www.gasteinertal.com/
Many pictures of Bad Gastein
http://www.gasteiner-heilstollen.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20100421012723/http://gastein360.com/ – Gastein 360 panoramas, See Gastein and come to feel Gastein
奧地利城市
奧地利滑雪場 |
Millie Gamble (1887–1986) was an amateur photographer from Prince Edward Island, Canada. Her photographs from 1905 to 1920 record life in the Tyron area.
Biography
Gamble was born in Cascumpec, Prince Edward Island on January 17, 1887. She worked as a school teacher in North Bedeque from 1905 to 1906 and in Tryon from 1907 to 1919 before leaving for Winnipeg to study nursing. After graduating from the Winnipeg General Hospital in 1922 she returned to Prince Edward Island where she worked as a nurse in Tyron until retiring in 1949.
Gamble was given a Ray No. 1 camera in 1904 while visiting her uncle in Truro, Nova Scotia. Part of Prince Edward Island's first generation of amateur photographers, she took well-composed images of the Tryon area which record the way of life of the period. Rather than the stiffly posed images of earlier photographers, her shots depicted more natural scenes of people and places. Her work was first shown in 1983 by the Regional Art Gallery in London, Ontario as part of an exhibition titled Rediscovering Canadian Women Photographers, 1841-1941. More recently, they have been exhibited by the Confederation Centre Art Gallery in Charlottetown.
Millie Gamble's photographs are held in the Public Archives and Records Office, Prince Edward Island, the National Gallery of Canada Archives, and Library and Archives Canada.
In 2016 a portion of the former Trans-Canada Highway in Tyron was renamed Millie Gamble Road.
References
Canadian photographers
Canadian women photographers
1887 births
1986 deaths
People from Prince County, Prince Edward Island
Artists from Prince Edward Island
Canadian women artists |
末世论或末日論（）是研究历史终结及其相关方面的哲学或者神学理论，神学上的末世论一般关心人类社会的终结以及如何终结等问题，而哲学上的末世论则可能着眼于人类社会的终结问题，也可能着眼于自然的终结。在末世论的基础上产生的学科有末世论的历史哲学、自然哲学，本体论、认识论等。
宗教意義上的末世
基督教
《聖經·啟示錄》中描述有關世界末日的一個概念，那時七印將要被揭開，在犹太教和基督教旧约中末世被描绘成一个进入永恒神的国的时刻，也就是弥赛亚（救主）降临拯救人类的时刻；而基督教新约则把末世描绘成一个沒有人知道何時发生的个体信仰时刻，即耶稣再来审判世界的时刻。
伊斯蘭教
伊斯兰教末世论是伊斯兰教重要的组成部分，是穆斯林信仰五大信條之一，排在信真主之后列第二位。《古蘭經》:「你們把自己的臉轉向東方和西方，都不是正義。正義是信真主，信末日，信天神，信天經，信先知…」。不相信世界末日事件的穆斯林，就不是真正的穆斯林。在穆斯林每天的祈禱中，他們都要念誦幾段的所謂末日經文和禱詞。穆斯林的宗教核心期望，信仰的終極目標就是「要為安拉奮鬥，促進安拉的國度或者穆斯林國度的降臨」。
佛教
佛教有彌勒菩薩未來成佛的預言（當於現今減劫人壽減至10歲，後遇增劫至人壽8萬4千歲，再遇減劫至人壽8萬歲時，彌勒成佛），按照學者計算約五十多億年後，彌勒菩薩將會出現成佛，於龍華樹下三會說法，分別度化九十六、九十四、九十二億有情，所以未來彌勒佛成為佛教徒再次於人間值遇佛陀的冀望，但嚴格說來這不是末世論，只是下一位佛陀出現的記載。
道教
道教在东汉末年曾发展出对金阙后圣太平帝君的信仰，至东晋时，道教一些派别称，在天地毁灭的“甲申末劫”中，恶人将要全部死灭，而金阙帝君将出现救世，并接引受上天垂怜的种民进入天庭“四种民天”。金阙帝君变身为李弘真君，同时君临天下，天下太平。
科学意義上的末世
现代宇宙学认为宇宙在不断演化，并试图预测宇宙的终极命运，可能包括热寂、大撕裂、大挤压等多种情况。
參見
末日
末日論證
世界末日
末日幻想
啟示錄
Doom
宇宙的终极命运
2012年現象
参考文献
延伸閱讀
Craig C. Hill. In God's Time: The Bible and the Future, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans 2002. .
Dave Hunt, A Cup of Trembling, Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, (Oregon) 1995 .
Jonathan Menn. Biblical Eschatology, Eugene, Oregon, Wipf & Stock 2013. .
Joseph Ratzinger. Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life, Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press 1985. .
Robert Sungenis, Scott Temple, David Allen Lewis, Shock Wave 2000! subtitled The Harold Camping 1994 Debacle, New Leaf Press, Inc. 2004 .
Stephen Travis. Christ Will Come Again: Hope for the Second Coming of Jesus,Toronto: Clements Publishing 2004. .
Jerry L. Walls (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology, New York: Oxford University Press 2008. .
外部链接
預言
神話學
最后事件
宇宙最终归宿 |
粒细胞是什么?？粒细胞是一类细胞质中包含的白细胞，又因其细胞核形态多样而称多形核白细胞。术语多形核白细胞通常特指最常见的中性粒细胞。粒细胞由补体调节蛋白调控从骨髓中产生。 |
湯姆·梅恩（英語：；）是一位世界知名的美國建築師，也是2005年的普利兹克建築獎得主，出生於康乃迪克州的Waterbury。湯姆·梅恩目前居住在加州洛杉磯，同时也是墨菲西斯建筑事务所（Morphosis）的设计总监。
生平
梅恩在南加大與哈佛大學接受建築教育，畢業後曾任教於加州州立理工大学，由於年輕時相當堅持自己的建築理念，最後因故被解職，遂在1972年協助南加州建築學院創立，教授反主流的建築思考，並在該校擔任主要教職。1992年后，梅恩转而在洛杉矶加州大学（UCLA）任教。现回到南加州建筑学院（sciarc）教书。同时在常春藤宾夕法尼亚大学设计学院（UPenn）任教。
1972年，梅恩以加州為主要發展地點，在圣塔莫尼卡與夥伴邁可‧羅東迪成立了自己的建築事務所，稱為模弗西斯建築事務所（Morphosis）。建築特色以結構嚴謹的施工過程，和骨架型構造為主。形式上喜用拼貼的長矩狀和片段式的結構。
梅恩與羅東迪所承接的第一個案子，是在加州帕萨迪纳的一所學校，當時梅恩的兒子正好在該校就學，由於此建案圓滿完成，獲得不少家長委員們的青睞，因此替梅恩又多介紹了幾個案子，包括勞倫斯之家（Lawrence Residence）也是此期的作品。
透過這些建案，讓梅恩在加州累積越來越多的實務經驗與名聲，此後他以美國西岸為主要基地，陸續承接了一些更大的案子，例如舊金山聯邦大廈、多倫多大學的學生宿舍、辛辛那提大學的學生娛樂中心、洛杉磯科技高中（the Science Center School in Los Angeles）、加州波諾馬市的鑽石農場高中，還有奧勒崗州尤金市的美國法院大樓。
在這些眾多的建案裡，梅恩逐漸展現出自己的建築風格，評論家認為他與羅東尼都受到法蘭克·蓋瑞突破傳統建築結構的影響，但是梅恩的表現手法則較為嚴謹，他在設計案中首重基地裡建物與建物之間的連結關係、並講求獨立建物的機能性，還有材料的發揮。他認為基地是有紋理的，環境與地景亦息息相關。梅恩也是少數在早期就採用電腦來分析基地、建構物體以驗證自己理念的建築師。因此他的作品，在外觀上不如蓋瑞那樣大膽與自由，但卻有一種抽象的、圖騰式的量體感，材料運用也較為豐富多端。
1991年，羅東迪離開了模弗西斯建築事務所，成立自己的RoTo建築事務所。2005年，61歲的梅恩以加州交通運輸局第七區總部(Caltrans District 7 Headquarters;)的傑出設計獲了建築界的諾貝爾獎：普利茲建築獎。是獲得該獎項的第8位美國建築師。也是歷經14年之後再度獲得此獎的美國人(上一次獲獎的美國建築師是1991年的罗伯特·文丘里)
2012年开始，湯姆·梅恩率领Morphosis事務所的团队开始着手设计汉京中心，8年后汉京中心正式对外开放，成为了深圳南山区一处重要的地标性建筑景观。
作品
獲獎紀錄
2013年：美國建築師協會金獎（AIA Gold Medal）
2008年：麥克杜威獎章（The Edward MacDowell Medal）
2007年：美國建築師協會環境委員會年度十大綠建築獎（Top Ten Green Project Award, COTE）
2005年：普利兹克建筑獎
2001年：克萊斯勒設計獎
2000年：美國建築師協會AIA洛杉磯金獎
1995年：南加大年度校友獎
1992年：美國藝術文學協會建築獎
1992年：美國設計學院傑出院士
1991年：耶魯建築學院沙里寧獎（Eliel Saarinen Chair）
1988年：哈佛大學設計研究所諾伊斯獎（Elliot Noyes Chair）
參考資料
里昂．懷特森（Leon Whiteson）《建築新紀元：加州當代建築師作品選輯》
台灣建築雜誌第116期《THOM MAYNE獲得2005 年普立茲克建築獎》 2005/05/10
外部網站
American Maverick Wins Pritzker Prize 紐約時報, 2005年3月21日
Metropolis article on Mayne
Thom Mayne, Prizker Prize Winner
Pritzker Prize Media Kit
模弗西斯建築事務所官方網站
1944年出生
普利兹克奖得主
美国建筑师
南加利福尼亞州建築學院教師
哈佛大學校友
南加州大學校友
加利福尼亞大學洛杉磯分校教師
康涅狄格州沃特伯里人 |
小儿出血性疾病的西医治疗？(一)治疗1.局部止血 对于患儿的出血的制止，首先采取局部止血法：(1)压迫或加压包扎。(2)冰袋。(3)肾上腺素滴液加棉球压迫局部。(4)止血粉、云南白药、三七粉、白芨粉、马孛粉。 (5)凝血酶、纤维蛋白原、纤维蛋白海绵、凝血活酶制剂、淀粉海绵、纤维蛋白氧化纤维素、吸收性明胶海绵等。2.血管因素所引起出血的治疗 常用：芦丁;卡巴克络(安络血);酚磺乙胺(止血敏);维生素C。3.血小板因素引起出血的治疗 可用：泼尼松(强的松);输血;输浓缩血小板。4.凝血因子缺乏引起出血的治疗：补充凝血因子或血小板，以床性出血性疾病以补充所缺乏的凝血因子为主如：补充相应凝血因子的浓缩制剂，输新鲜血浆、全血或血小板悬液等，但多次输注可能产生相应的抗体，影响疗效，故仅用于严重持续的出血及手术前、中、后防治出血。5.纤维蛋白溶解所致出血的治疗 可用：氨基已酸(EACA);氨甲苯酸(抗纤溶芳酸);氨甲环酸(止血环酸，凝血酸，t-AMCHA);抑肽酶。此酶有抗纤维蛋白溶解作用，又有抗凝作用，故使用时应分析病儿的具体病情和血液凝固状态是否适合再作决定。6.对复合因素引起出血的治疗 必须根据病儿的病情及实验室检查所见，采取适当的措施。7.肾上腺皮质激素能减低毛细血管的通透性，抑制脾脏网状内皮系统的巨噬细胞对附有抗体的血小板的吞噬作用和抗体产生。因此在本病患者应用大量肾上腺皮质激素治疗以后，首先出血症状减轻或停止，以后才见血小板升高。急性患者出血现象消失后即可减量，于3～4周内停药。慢性患者常需要足量用药3周后才见血小板上升。待出血停止，血小板升至50×109/L以上才渐诚量，停药。切忌长期使用肾上腺皮质激素。脾切除无效者，部分病例应用肾上腺皮质激素治疗也可有效。8.输全血或血小板 输血可改善贫血，适用于急性大量出血的病人，宜用新鲜血，对血红蛋白较高的病人，可输血小板或含血小板丰富的血浆。但血小板寿命很短，输血或血小板只具暂时止血作用。9.丙种球蛋白静脉注射(HD IgG) 适用于用激素治疗无效、或用后有明显副作用者、患消化道疾病口服药不易吸引者;在严重出血时需作脾切除者的术前准备用药，使血小板数短期内提高到安全水平，以提高手术安全性。0.4g/kg，静脉滴注，连用5天。10.止血药物 依据不同病因选用针对性较强的止血药物如血管异常所致的出血，可用维生素C无、维生素P、安络血、肾上腺糖皮质激素等以降低毛细血管脆性和通透性;血小板减少性紫癜用糖皮质激素;肝脏疾病的出血可用维生素K、凝血酶原复合物浓缩剂;纤溶亢进所致出血可用6-氨基已酸(EACA)、氨甲苯酸( PAMBA)，止血环酸等。(二)预后若原发病因能够及时解除，则预后良好，如营养性、感染性、过敏性等引起的出血症。颅内出血和急性严重出血易致患儿死亡。 |
iSpring套件是由iSpring發展，在微軟視窗的PowerPoint下建立專業的電子學習課程，與嵌入（或獨立）測驗、調查和互動的著作工具。輸出是相容於主流LMS標準的（SCORM/AICC），還有一個選項專門用來發布黑板LMS課程的選項。新的xAPI (Tin Can)格式用於支援LRSes。輸出可以是純粹的SWF檔、EXE檔、HTML或ZIP存檔。此外，跨平台的輸出格式（Flash + HTML5）允許在任何現代設備上查看已經發布的內容。
歷史
iSpring套件的歷史可以追溯至2005年，當團隊發布所有iSpring產品的原型，Flashspring Pro的時刻。它是簡單的PowerPoint轉換成Flash的軟體，有免費版和商用版。稍後，iSpring發布了Flashspring Ultra和SCORM（共享元件參照模式），相容性變得可以使用。FlashSpring Lite和FlashSpring伺服器的伴侶產生器分別在2006年和2007年公布。在2008年，FlashSpring更名為，新的名稱是iSpring。2009年，該公司推出一種稱為iSpring簡報者（iSpring Presenter）的全新電子學習工具。由於合理的價格和能製作出高品質的課程，這個工具能被市場接受。在2010年，iSpring簡報者在技術卓越的快速創作類別中贏得了布蘭登霍爾金獎。在2011年，iSpring首度在歐洲介紹產品。在同一年，iSpring套件被發表，成功的作為取代iSpring簡報者的產品。在2012年，eLearningJoe的Joe Ganci在學習解決方案雜誌刊登 iSpring 套件的評論。
目前的iSpring套件版本，是2015年3月的7.1版。在2015年5月，Ganci主辦的網路學習雜誌舉辦了學習發展工具的研討會，iSpring套件領先其它五種以PowerPoint為基礎的工具，Ganci在學習解決方案雜誌的一篇文章中發表了他們研究的最後結果。
創新
內含的工具
事實上，iSpring Suite是一套獨立的工具，可以單獨或合併一起使用。
iSpring Pro
這個軟體用在於在PowerPoint中創建SCORM相容課程或線上演示文稿。它支援常見的PowerPoint功能，例如動畫、過渡效果和白工具，和提供了機會，不只是在PowerPoint的環境下，像是發佈到LMSs、設置保護、旁白管理、在中插入由iSpring QuizMaker產生的測驗。也有免費的iSpring Pro – iSpring版本可以產生 SCORM 相容的課程，但是不會提供iSpring Pro的進階選項。
iSpring QuizMaker
它是一種工具，可以基於Flash創建符合SCORM的測驗和調查，使用像是劇本分支、學習量表控制項，插入幻燈片、音訊、視頻、圖像和公式、自定回饋等等進階功能。在2011年，iSpring QuizMaker 得到了測試或學習評價中最佳科技進步的銅牌獎。免費的QuizMaker提供了iSpring QuizMaker 所有的基本功能，並且可以產生與SCORM相容的課程。
iSpring Kinetics
iSpring Kinetics是一套用於創建可以用在線上學習的互動範本，可以用在電子書的創作和提供立體書、常見問題、目錄和時間表。
相關條目
線上學習
Rapid E-Learning
Authoring system
Flashspring
Adobe Flash
參考資料
外部連結
iSpringSolutions.com，官方網站
螢幕篩選軟體
訓練 |
圣亚纳圣殿（法语：Basilique Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré）是一座罗马天主教的宗座圣殿，位于加拿大魁北克城以东30公里的圣劳伦斯河河畔。天主教内传说有许多病人和残疾人痊愈的神迹，每年接待大约50万朝圣者。朝圣的高峰期是7月26日圣亚纳瞻礼。圣殿长105米，最宽处48米，尖顶高91米。
历史
1658年3月8日，一个名为艾蒂安德利萨德的男子捐赠土地给天主教会，于是建立一个小堂。这个地点一直使用至今。它的建立有两个原因：为该地区新移民提供礼拜地点，以及容纳奇妙的圣亚纳雕像。报道的第一个奇迹发生在圣殿建造期间。一个名叫路易斯吉蒙德的工人患有风湿病。举行奠基仪式后，吉蒙德的疾病痊愈了。，随后又有其他的神迹报道出来，很快，有许多朝圣者来此朝圣，盼望能出现奇迹，而法国王后奥地利的安妮也捐赠。
这座圣殿数次扩建，以容纳朝圣者。1922年3月29日的大火烧毁了圣殿，目前的圣殿建于1926年。
参考文献
Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
加拿大宗座圣殿 |
莫里翁多托里内塞（），是意大利皮埃蒙特大区都靈廣域市的一个市镇。总面积6平方公里，人口815人，人口密度135.8人/平方公里（2009年）。ISTAT代码为001163。
参考
外部链接
都灵广域市市镇 |
乳头状汗腺腺瘤的西医治疗？(一)治疗手术切除。(二)预后 |
约华尼·阿雷切亚（Yovanny Arrechea，）是一名哥伦比亚足球运动员，现效力于中甲球队呼和浩特东进，司职前锋。
阿雷切亚在2011年夏季和中超球队长春亚泰签约两年半。 他在2011赛季下半程出场13次，打进6球。2012年，阿雷切亚加盟中甲球队呼和浩特东进。
参考资料
哥伦比亚足球运动员
长春亚泰球员
足球前锋
中国外籍足球运动员
罗沙里奥中央球员
民族竞技球员
百萬富翁球員
中超球员 |
The 2020 Mississippi flag referendum was a legislatively referred state statute appearing on the November 3, 2020 general election ballot in Mississippi.
Voters were asked whether the design proposed by the Commission to Redesign the Mississippi State Flag, which does not contain the Confederate battle flag and includes the words "In God We Trust", should be adopted as the new official flag of Mississippi. The referendum passed by a 72.98% to 27.02% margin on November 3, 2020. Voters were not given the option to retain the old, Confederate-based flag.
Background
After an earlier redesign proposal had been voted down in the 2001 Mississippi flag referendum and following the adoption of a new state flag by Georgia in 2003, the Mississippi flag remained the only U.S. state flag to include the Confederate battle flag's saltire. In 2001, a survey conducted by the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) placed Mississippi's flag 22nd in design quality of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state and U.S. territorial flags ranked.
On June 9, 2020 lawmakers gathered votes and started drafting legislation to change the state flag. The action came after weeks of national protests following the murder of George Floyd, including a protest outside the Mississippi Governor's Mansion on June 6. This was the first substantial action to change the state flag since the 2001 referendum. On June 11, Senate Democrats filed a resolution to change the state flag. On June 24, Lieutenant Governor Delbert Hosemann announced his support for a new flag. Hosemann was joined by Attorney General Lynn Fitch, State Auditor Shad White, Agriculture Commissioner Andy Gipson and Insurance Commissioner Mike Chaney.
On June 28, 2020, the Mississippi Legislature passed a bill, House Bill 1796, that would relinquish the state flag, remove the state flag from public buildings within 15 days of the bill's effective date and constitute a nine-member commission to design a new flag that would be put to voters in a referendum to be held in November 2020. The bill required that the Confederate battle flag not be included on the proposed design and the motto "In God We Trust" be included, as Georgia did when it removed the Confederate emblem from its state flag in 2003. In the House, the bill was passed by 91 in favor and 23 against. In the Senate, the bill was passed with 37 in favor and 14 against.
Reversing his earlier claimed position that the people, and not "a backroom deal by a bunch of politicians", should make the decision to change the flag, Governor Tate Reeves signed the flag bill into law on June 30, 2020. As the legislation repealed the sections of the Mississippi State Code which made provisions for a state flag, namely Section 3-3-16, Mississippi ceased to have an official state flag at this point.
Proposed design
Commission to Redesign the Mississippi State Flag
Under the terms of House Bill 1796, a body known as the Commission to Redesign the Mississippi State Flag was constituted to suggest a design for a new state flag no later than September 14, 2020. The bill instructed the Mississippi Department of Archives and History to develop a plan for the removal of the 1894 flag from public buildings across the state and provide administrative support for the commission. The act stipulated that any design proposed by the commission must include the words "In God We Trust" and must not contain the Confederate battle flag. The commission consisted of nine members, three of which were appointed by the Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives, three members appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi, and three by the Governor. Former state Supreme Court Justice Reuben V. Anderson, who serves as president of the Board of Trustees of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, was unanimously elected as the commission's chairman at its first meeting on July 22.
The proposed design would be subject to a referendum to be held concurrently with the general election on November 3, 2020. Should the referendum result in a "yes" vote for the proposed design, then the design would be officially adopted as the new state flag of Mississippi during the next regular legislative session. Should the referendum result in a "no" vote for the proposed design, the commission would reconvene and propose different designs. The legislation stated that further referendums could then be held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November of a year in which the commission makes a new recommendation until a "yes" vote is achieved. Mississippi would remain without an official state flag until a new one is adopted through this process. Voters were not given the option to retain the previous, Confederate-based flag.
Call for public submissions
The Mississippi Department of Archives and History invited the public to submit designs for a new state flag on July 13. In accordance with the rules imposed by House Bill 1796, designs would only be accepted if they contained the words "In God We Trust" and not include the Confederate battle flag. The commission also added that suggestions would need to be unique and adhere to principles of the North American Vexillological Association: that the design should use only two or three basic colors, be simple enough for a child to draw, and have meaningful symbolism. Entries were to be submitted by email or by post and be received by the commission by August 13, 2020 to be considered. The deadline was moved to August 1 to allow time for the commission to complete the selection process.
Selection of finalists
More than 2000 submissions (other estimates put this figure at 2800 images, but a few images were erroneously repeated) meeting the legislative criteria were received and displayed on the Mississippi Department of Archives and History website. Each of the 9 commission members picked 25 flags, narrowing the list down to 147.
At an August 14 meeting, the commission announced that they had selected nine proposals. These proposals, depicting various elements including a representation of the Mississippi River, magnolias, and stars composed of diamonds significant to the Choctaw nation, had either red, white, and blue or green and white color schemes. The commission announced that they would narrow these designs down to five finalists at its next meeting on August 18. Five semifinalists were published on August 18, and this was reduced to two finalists on August 25.
The final two flags were the "Great River Flag" designed by Micah Whitson and "The New Magnolia" designed by Rocky Vaughan, Sue Anna Joe, Kara Giles and Dominique Pugh.
On September 2, the commission voted 8–1 to put the New Magnolia flag on the November ballot. Slight modifications were made to the original design, including making the text bolder and the red and gold bars thicker. The flag is officially referred to as the "In God We Trust Flag". Rocky Vaughan is credited with designing the flag's overall layout, with design support provided by Sue Anna Joe, Kara Giles and Dominique Pugh (who created the magnolia illustration featured in the center). Micah Whitson was also given credit for the appearance of the Native American star.
The referendum passed by a 73% to 27% margin on November 3, 2020. It was then approved by the Mississippi State House of Representatives on January 5, 2021 and passed by the State Senate on January 6, 2021. It was then signed into law by Governor Reeves on January 11, 2021, making the "In God We Trust Flag" the official state flag.
Controversy
The Satanic Temple has threatened to sue the State of Mississippi if the phrase "In God We Trust" is included on the flag. Americans United for Separation of Church and State declared the state's actions as trading "a white nationalist symbol for a Christian nationalist one". Both the American Humanist Association and Americans United for Separation of Church and State have published their own editorials in disagreement with the use of the phrase on a new flag.
"Let Mississippi Vote" is a group that is campaigning for another referendum on a choice of four flag designs including the Magnolia flag that was adopted in the November 2020 referendum and the version that it replaced. Their aim is to give Mississippians a choice instead of voting on only one flag. The group reached their goal of 5000 volunteers and have sent wording for their referendum to the Mississippi Attorney General's Office for approval. They would need the valid signatures of 106,190 Mississippi residents for the initiative to be placed on a ballot as early as 2021.
Opinion polling
Result
Result by county
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State
See also
2001 Mississippi flag referendum
Modern display of the Confederate battle flag
Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
References
November 2020 events in the United States
Flag controversies in the United States
Flag referendums
flag referendum
Mississippi flag referendum
Mississippi ballot measures |
An immediate or cancel (IOC) order, also known as an "accept order", is a finance term used in investment banking or securities transactions that refers "an order to buy or sell a stock that must be executed immediately". In case the entire order is not available at that moment for purchase a partial fulfillment is possible, but any portion of an IOC order that cannot be filled immediately is cancelled, eliminating the need for manual cancellation. This "partial fulfillment" aspect is what differentiates IOC orders from all or none (AON) and fill or kill (FOK) orders, but the terms might be used interchangeably in some markets.
Benefits
It is considered a "clean, quick, and easy way to acquire securities or goods [that] can save time and money" and the "chances of receiving at least a portion of the order within the time frame required is very good".
IOC orders are generally employed when ordering "large quantities of stock". The term is also used to describe an order for goods, especially when vendors are concerned that "not all items and quantities can be honored within the amount of time required by the customer". Placing an IOC order allows them to fill the order incrementally.
See also
All or none (AON) orders
Fill or kill (FOK) orders
References
Stock market
Share trading |
Lapford is a village and civil parish in Mid Devon in the English county of Devon. It had a population of 993 in 2001, reducing to 867 at the 2011 census. Lapford is part of Taw Valley ward whose population at the above census was 1,629.
Churches
There are three churches in the village. St Thomas of Canterbury C of E church, Lapford Community Church and Lapford Congregational church.
Originally a Norman chapel, the church of St Thomas of Canterbury is listed Grade I and partly dates back to shortly after the murder of Thomas Becket (1170), having been almost completely rebuilt, extended and then re-dedicated on the orders of King Henry II by William de Tracey, one of the assassins. De Tracey was lord of the manor of Bradninch, which then included most of what is now Lapford. It was further rebuilt and extended in the 15th & 16th centuries. The wall paintings and plasterwork were lost at the time of the Reformation and the original 12th-century chancel was rebuilt in the late 19th century.
Of special interest is a very fine late 15th-century carved screen, uniquely carved on both sides, and still almost complete. Like many Devon churches, St Thomas' has a fascinating series of intricate carved pew ends, variously dating from the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.
The village
The nearby Bury Barton is the site of a Roman fort, thought to be a large pre-Flavian fort that was succeeded by a smaller one that in turn was abandoned early in the Flavian period.
In the early part of the 20th century the milk processing company Ambrosia had a large creamery and processing facility at Lapford.
There is one pub in the village. "The Old Malt Scoop Inn", located in the village centre, is an old coaching inn dating back to the 16th century.
Lapford playing field features two play areas, a large area of grass including a football pitch and also a fenced playground with various play equipment such as swings, slides and roundabouts.
Lapford railway station is a request stop station.
Local legends
The village is said to be haunted by the spirit of the former Vicar of Lapford's church, the St Thomas of Canterbury Church, John Radford. He murdered his curate, in the 1860s, but was spared from the gallows by a jury consisting of many of his village parishioners and returned to his parish duties. His dying wish was to be buried in the church chancel, he made the ominous threat to haunt the village if his wishes were not carried out. The church authorities would not allow this, instead he was buried outside the vestry door where his grave can still be seen today. His spirit is said to still wander around the village.
Lapford is also said to be haunted by the spirit of the former Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket. On the anniversary of his murder he is said to gallop through the village on horseback on his way to confront Sir William de Tracey, of nearby Nymet Tracy, for his part in the brutal murder.
References
External links
Lapford website includes a more detailed history.
Tourist Information for the Lapford area
Lapford Congregational church's website
Extracts relating to Lapford from 18th and 19th Century Newspapers
Lapford in 1986 BBC Domesday project
Villages in Devon
Roman fortifications in Devon |
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral located in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Lake Charles. Immaculate Conception Parish was established in 1869, and it became a cathedral in 1980. The church building, rectory, and a garage are listed together on the National Register of Historic Places.
The cathedral church enshrines a century-old image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception made of Carrara marble. The venerated image was granted a Canonical coronation by Pope Benedict XVI via Pontifical decree signed in 2012. The coronation was presided by Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, Apostolic Nuncio to the United States, on August 22, 2013. A full church renovation project was completed in 2019.
History
St. Francis de Sales was the first Catholic church in Lake Charles. It was built in 1858 as a mission chapel. The parish was organized in 1869 under the same name and it received its first resident priest at that time. The church was damaged by a hurricane in 1879 and the parish decided to build a new building. The parish was renamed Immaculate Conception at that time, and the new church building was completed in 1881. This church, other parish buildings, as well as neighboring buildings and homes were destroyed in a fire on April 23, 1910.
Plans for the current church were begun at this time. It was designed by the prominent New Orleans architectural firm of Favrot & Livaudais and it was completed in 1913. The attached rectory and garage, which share the church's historic designation, were completed in the same year. The complex was designed in a regional Romanesque Revival style typical of Lombardy in Italy. The three marble altars in the Gothic style were installed in the church in 1923. They were originally in a church in Salt Lake City and were acquired for Immaculate Conception when the church in Utah was remodeled. The marble wainscot was added to the walls of the side aisles and the chancel around 1950. At the same time, the columns in the nave were sheathed in marble and the marble pulpit were added at this time.
A rubble stone grotto that contains a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary was added to the church property in 1948. A brick wing on the northeast side of the church contains a small chapel and parish life center. It was designed by the architectural firm of Dunn and Quinn and it was completed in 1973. It matches the church's Romanesque architecture. A courtyard is located between the addition and the church.
On January 29, 1980, Pope John Paul II established the Diocese of Lake Charles and Immaculate Conception became the cathedral for the new diocese.
The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1994. Its historic significance is attributed to its architectural style. It is the only Romanesque Revival building in Lake Charles, and one of only ten architecturally noteworthy non-residential buildings left in the city after a demolition and modernization campaign from the 1950s to the 1970s.
On August 27, 2020, Hurricane Laura struck the city of Lake Charles. The cathedral and the nearby diocesan chancery building sustained roof damage with the chancery uninhabitable.
School
Immaculate Conception Cathedral School is the parish's primary and lower secondary school. It opened on February 19, 1950. it has around 20 teachers and a principal with around 410-430 students. The four-classroom St. Charles Annex addition was established as part of a capital campaign made in 2007; it also has a multipurpose room serving as a library, an art room, and a computer lab.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
List of cathedrals in the United States
References
External links
Immaculate Conception Cathedral
Immaculate Conception Cathedral School
Diocese of Lake Charles Official Site
Religious organizations established in 1869
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1913
Immaculate Conception (Lake Charles, Louisiana)
Roman Catholic churches in Louisiana
Italianate architecture in Louisiana
Churches in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
Buildings and structures in Lake Charles, Louisiana
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
1869 establishments in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Italianate church buildings in the United States |
Andrew Jackson Middle School may refer to:
Andrew Jackson Middle School, Titusville, Florida - Brevard Public Schools
Andrew Jackson Middle School, Chalmette, Louisiana - St. Bernard Parish Public Schools
Andrew Jackson Middle School, Kershaw, South Carolina - Lancaster County School District
Andrew Jackson Middle School, Cross Lanes, West Virginia - Kanawha County Schools |
The Nokia 2 is a Nokia-branded budget Android smartphone by HMD Global. It was announced on 31 October 2017.
Specifications
Hardware
The Nokia 2 has a 5.0-inch LTPS IPS LCD display, a quad-core 1.3 GHz Cortex-A7 Qualcomm Snapdragon 212 processor, 1 GB of RAM and 8 GB of internal storage that can be expanded using microSD cards up to 128 GB. The phone features a 4100 mAh battery, and is claimed to have two-day battery life. The device has an 8 MP rear camera with LED flash, and a 5 MP front-facing camera. It is available in pewter and black, pewter and white, and copper and black colours.
Software
The Nokia 2 launched with Android 7.1.1 Nougat, and can be upgraded to Android 8.1 Oreo. In June 2019, HMD stated they would not be updating the phone to Android 9 Pie, because the System-on-Chip which it runs on, is not powerful enough to offer satisfactory performance with Android Pie.
Reception
The Nokia 2 received mixed reviews. Andrew Williams of TechRadar praised the phone’s battery life and pricing, while criticising the slow performance, poor cameras, and limited storage.
References
2
Mobile phones introduced in 2017
Discontinued smartphones |
朝鲜半岛婚姻反映了其他社会的许多婚姻习俗和期望。现代实践是千年传统和全球影响的结合。
前现代韩国的婚姻
高丽时期的婚姻（918-1392）
高丽时期的婚姻主要是基于政治和经济的考虑，至少在贵族中是如此。
高丽王朝的建立者太祖皇帝有29位王后，他与其他贵族家庭建立了联盟。然而，他把除了两个女儿之外的所有女儿都嫁给了他们同父异母的兄弟，而不是利用他们来进一步建立和巩固联盟。他的继任者延续了这一策略。将皇室女儿嫁给同父异母兄弟的做法在蒙古帝国的坚持下结束，蒙古和朝鲜皇室交换了公主。高丽的国王们娶了元朝(蒙古帝国)的公主为妻，最开始是忠仁王娶了忽必烈的女儿。表兄妹结婚在早期高丽时期很普遍，非皇室贵族也将女儿嫁给异母异父的兄弟。然而，这种婚姻逐渐被禁止，禁止这种人的子女在国家官僚机构中获得职位，后来被贴上通奸的标签，但尽管有这些制裁，这种婚姻仍经常存在。
与朝鲜时期和现代盛行的已婚夫妇父系居住地居住地的习俗相反，高丽时期的朝鲜人在婚后与妻子及其父母母系居住地居住在一起并不罕见。婚礼在新娘家举行，与贵族结婚的平均年龄是十八九岁。
与朝鲜时期和现代盛行的已婚夫妇父系居住地居住地的习俗相反，高丽时期的朝鲜人在婚后与妻子及其父母母系居住地居住在一起并不罕见。婚礼在新娘家举行，平均结婚年龄为十八九岁，贵族比平民早结婚。婚礼包括交换礼物和宴会，旨在显示新娘家的财富。没有交换彩礼或嫁妆。婚姻往往是由媒人安排的。高丽社会等级森严，亲属关系和地位由双方决定，包括母亲和父亲的地位和亲属。因此，与朝鲜时期不同的是，新娘和丈夫在结婚后仍然是其出生的亲属集团和姻亲家庭的成员。理想情况下，婚姻不会导致家庭分成更小的单元，家庭更愿意在婚后保留女儿，不管有没有丈夫。从姻亲那里继承遗产的前景可能是丈夫与妻子的亲属住在一起的一个重要动机。继承权不是由长子继承权决定的，儿子和女儿从父母那里获得同等份额的遗产。
尽管实行的是一夫多妻制，但妻子和她们的子女没有等级之分，作为继承人，他们都有平等的权利。婚姻很容易被丈夫或妻子破坏。频繁再婚的女性可能会被视为滥交，但高丽王朝的朝鲜人并不被视为拘谨，至少按照当时的中国标准来看是这样。除了必须守丧之外，没有禁止寡妇再婚的规定。鳏夫的后代由他们的母亲和她的家庭保留。
朝鲜时期（1392-1910）的婚姻
在朝鲜王朝开始时，模仿封建帝国中国，引入了区分，区分主要和次要妻子，从而明确了继承线。初婚妻子的基本标准是，她作为处女进入丈夫的家庭，并且在与贵族结婚的情况下，她不能是下层阶级的后裔，在引入这一规则时，贵族被迫从他们已经有多个妻子的妻子中选择一个指定为初婚妻子。在模仿明刑法典，初级妻子不能离婚另一个，妻子的排名不能重新排序。改革妻子等级的目的是增加整个社会社会地位的区别的清晰度。从那时起，精英们通常从其他家族中选择他们的第一任妻子，而从下层阶级中选择第二任妻子，这增加了“杨班”贵族和平民之间的区别。
在此期间，通过王室规定的关于哀悼义务和继承权的法律修改，婚后归父居住成为规范。这种转变在一定程度上是通过对血缘婚姻的日益严格的限制实现的，首先是禁止与母系第一代表亲结婚，然后扩展到第二代表亲，最终在1669年扩大到禁止同一姓氏的个人之间的婚姻。1427年，中国通过了另一项法律，规定男性的初婚年龄为15岁，女性为14岁，但如果父母一方患有慢性病或年龄较大(超过50岁)，结婚年龄限制可以降低到12岁。防止早婚的理由是，人们认为过早结婚的孩子无法充分社会化理解配偶的责任，因此也无法使自己的孩子适当地社会化。然而，这条法律经常被违反。贵族的"杨坂"男人往往比平民结婚更早。立法者对明显缺乏适婚女性的担忧导致了法律的通过，法律规定未能在适当时间将女性嫁出去的家庭将受到惩罚。
朝鲜的婚姻
随着20世纪40年代末朝鲜共产党政权的建立，南北双方关于家庭事务的法规开始出现分歧，因为朝鲜政府很快出台了一套影响家庭法的新法律法规。新法律的推动力之一是支持性别平等
（然而，朝鲜的性别平等仍然是一个主要问题，大多数独立观察人士认为朝鲜距离实现性别平等还很遥远）。
订婚在法律上不被承认。18岁(男孩)和17岁(女孩)允许结婚。与韩国不同，在血缘或其他类型的家庭关系的情况下，没有法律规定规范或禁止人与人之间的婚姻。离婚是允许的，要经过行政审批。
据报道，截至2010年代末，朝鲜的结婚率非常高(超过96%的30岁以上成年人已婚)，离婚率非常低(根据官方数据，不到1%的朝鲜人口被归类为分居或离婚)。
包办婚姻在朝鲜还是很流行的。
韩国的婚姻
资格和禁令
韩国的婚姻目前仅限于异性之间的结合，因为同性婚姻仍未得到承认。这些年龄限制指的是一个人的农历年龄，往往比一个人的太阳年龄大一两年。韩国也承认所谓的“事实婚姻”，相当于“习惯法婚姻”，即没有合法登记结婚，但有以下两种情况之一的夫妻：1. 公开表示他们的关系类似于婚姻，2. 举行了公开的婚礼，或3. 已同居，如同已婚一样。
同宗通婚
{ {韩国民法典第809条}}
2005年以前，同一宗族的两个人之间的婚姻违反了韩国的乱伦禁忌，是非法的，而同一姓氏的个人之间的婚姻是社会所禁止的。截至 1990 年代中期，韩国 55% 的人口拥有以下五个姓氏之一：金、朴、李、崔和郑；40% 的韩国人声称是三个主要氏族之一的成员：金海金氏、全州李氏和密阳朴氏。这一成文禁令的灵感来自中国唐代的类似禁忌朝鲜后期，努力实现儒家治理和社会秩序的理想。
传统婚礼仪式
的牛津学院档案
仪式前
传统的韩国婚礼以传统的儒家价值观为基础和核心。婚礼的每一个方面，从婚礼的安排到仪式和后期庆祝，都有重要而复杂的步骤。在传统的韩国文化中，像许多传统文化一样，男女之间的婚姻是由新娘和新郎的长辈决定的。在儒家的价值观中，家庭和家庭的习俗是高于一切的。婚姻被认为是人生中最重要的一段时期。这不仅是两个人的结合，也是两个家庭的结合。此外，婚姻是发展和/或保持社会地位的一种方式，尤其是在精英家庭中。由于这些原因，在最终举行真正的婚礼仪式之前，要花大量的时间来准备。
第一步被称为euihon(韩文:의혼；朝鲜文汉字:議婚)，或者叫‘做媒’，这是新郎新娘双方家庭讨论结婚可能性的时候。各种因素都被考虑在内，如:社会地位、个性、外貌、学术和/或农业(工业)成就，以及算命师预测的物质和谐。"一般来说，当新郎一方发出一封求婚信，新娘一方发出一封同意这门婚事的回函时，婚期就确定了。
在古代，婚礼(韩文:honrye朝鲜文汉字:婚禮)是在新娘的院子或房子里举行的。新郎骑马去新娘家，婚礼结束后，他带着妻子坐在轿子里去他父母家住。新娘和新郎穿着正式的宫廷服装参加婚礼。普通人只被允许在结婚当天穿上奢华的衣服。在婚礼的前一天晚上，手提灯笼被用来照亮从新郎家到新娘家的路。传统上，新郎家会为新娘家准备一个装满礼物的婚礼箱。婚礼鹅是长久幸福婚姻的象征。鹤是长寿的象征，可能会出现在女人的腰带上。成对的木制鸳鸯雕刻被称为婚礼鸭子，通常用于传统的婚礼仪式，因为它们代表和平、忠诚和丰富的后代。
新郎新娘服装
妇女的服装包括“jeo Gori”(저고리；长袖短上衣)有两条长丝带系在一起形成“otgoreum”(옷고름).一条“马驰”(치마)，穿的是一条全长的高腰裹身裙。丝绸制成的船形鞋，搭配白色棉袜穿着。新娘的服装可能包括一条带有重要符号或花朵的白色腰带。也可以戴头盔或王冠。norigae (노리개)是一种“韩服”(한복)装饰，几个世纪以来，朝鲜各阶层的妇女都穿着。它系在裙子上或夹克上的缎带上。顶部的结被称为“maedeup”(매듭).穿着夹克(“jeogori”，저고리)、裤子和大衣。夹克有宽松的袖子，裤子很宽松，脚踝处有带子。背心可以穿在衬衫外面。可以戴一顶黑色的帽子。男人的婚礼服装也被称为新郎的“gwanbok”。
现代风格的婚礼仪式
在大城市，豪华酒店将有专门用于婚礼的“婚礼大厅”或 舞厅。 这些房间以婚礼主题装饰，出租给情侣。 其他婚礼大厅是独立的设施，可以同时容纳几场不同的婚礼。 今天，许多新人最初会举行更“西化”的仪式，穿着燕尾服和白色的婚纱，然后在主要仪式之后举行规模较小的传统韩国婚礼。
婚礼前的练习
婚礼大厅
虽然酒店宴会厅或教堂必须保留其他功能所需的灵活性，但独立的婚礼大厅能够严格专注于婚礼，甚至迎合特定主题。 1980 年政府禁止在豪华酒店举行婚礼，1994 年部分允许，1999 年完全允许。
在繁忙的婚礼大厅中，与西方标准相比，形式（除了新人及其家人）通常是宽松的。一层可能有一个自助餐厅，来自所有不同婚礼的客人可以在仪式之前或之后来用餐，这可能需要不超过 20 分钟。新人最常见的礼物是现金，在婚礼沙龙外的大厅里，新人家属的代表将收集并记录捐款。
在客人面前的正式仪式之后是“Pyebaek” ，这是家庭成员之间的仪式。婚礼结束后，新娘正式迎接她的新公婆。此外，新郎经常背着他的母亲，然后是他的新娘，象征着他接受了他对母亲和妻子的义务。
婚宴和招待会
现代韩国婚礼盛宴或招待会，(kyeolhon piroyeon, 결혼피로연, 結婚披露宴)可以是传统和西方文化的混合。
在传统的婚宴上，客人会期望找到韩国烤肉 （불고기，腌制烧烤牛肉条），排骨（갈비，腌制排骨），各种韩国泡菜 （酸菜配各种香料，配萝卜、海鲜等其他配料）。 将有许多随附的蘸酱碗。
这顿饭总是伴随着大量的白糯米（밥）以及“紫菜包饭”（김밥），即米饭、鸡蛋、菠菜、蟹肉、腌萝卜和其他配料 卷入海藻并切成1英寸的圆形。 饺子 (만두)，饺子里面有卷心菜、胡萝卜、肉、菠菜、大蒜、洋葱、韭菜和清面条。 这些饺子可以油炸或蒸熟。 将提供汤，通常是“泡菜”类型，或年糕汤（鸡汤汤圆），或“豆酱汤”，一种发酵豆酱汤。
用干凤尾鱼煮的清淡汤和用干菠菜、萝卜片或干海藻制成的蔬菜汤也很受欢迎。 蒸年糕（糍粑）有时点缀着芳香的 艾蒿 叶子或撒上烤大豆、大麦或小米粉，作为美味的仪式食品。 甜点将提供多种水果，例如韩国梨和糕点。 用勺子和筷子吃饭。
目前的做法
根据韩国统计，截至 2020 年，男性的平均初婚年龄为 33.2 岁，女性为 30.8 岁。在许多婚姻中，男性比女性年长。 这种年龄差异通常是故意的。 2013年，人均婚礼费用超过5000万韩元。
韩国人和非韩国人的婚姻
由于许多因素，韩国的异族通婚数量有所增加，其中包括大量韩国人出国留学或旅行，以及居住在农村地区的男性比例显着高于女性。 随着互联网的发展，世界变得更加相互联系，约会网站或 社交网络 网站为夫妻互动提供了一种媒介。 大部分“混合”婚姻发生在韩国人之间 男人和外国女人。 自2005年以来，韩国的国际婚姻数量一直在下降。 2020 年结婚的夫妇中约有 7% 是国际夫妇。
由于韩国农村地区女性人口稀少，一些男性依靠婚姻经纪人和中介与 邮购新娘 建立婚姻，主要来自 东南亚n 个国家，例如越南 和 泰国，以及 乌兹别克斯坦 和 尼泊尔。 韩国男性和外国女性之间的婚姻通常由 媒人 或国际宗教团体。男人在抵达韩国的那一刻付钱配对并与他们的配偶见面。越来越多的证据表明，与外国女性结婚的韩国男性的贫困和离婚率在统计上更高。
目前，韩国人与外国配偶之间的离婚占韩国总离婚率的 10%。虽然这些婚姻可以成功，但在某些情况下，移民妻子会被误解并与韩国丈夫隔离。
大多数嫁给韩国男人的中国女人是汉族，大多数嫁给韩国女人的中国男人是朝鲜族（조선족）。大多数嫁给韩国女人的美国男人都是韩裔美国人。 2020 年与越南男性结婚的韩国女性中约有 97% 是再婚者。 她们是越南女人，嫁给韩国男人，取得国籍后离婚。
随着语言和文化差异成为一个问题，许多外国新娘确实受到文化差异的影响，这也影响了他们孩子的社会融合。 跨种族婚姻家庭的孩子被称为“Damunhwa”，意思是多元文化家庭，在试图融入韩国社会时面临身份危机和种族虐待。
由于这些中介对外国婚介和新娘的负面社会认知存在，以及民族主义的极端顺从，这些孩子缺乏归属感，感到被孤立而受到虐待。
作为减少未来问题的一种手段，政府正在通过两性平等部和司法部的合作，为正在考虑与外国女性结婚的男性制定计划。 另外，厚生劳动省通过全国的健康家庭支援中心提供帮助外国妻子适应韩国社会的项目。
“多元文化家庭支持中心”在韩国由性别平等和家庭部运营和资助。 这些中心的宗旨和目的是为多文化家庭提供家庭教育、咨询和文化服务，支持移民妇女在韩国社会的早期定居，并帮助多文化家庭享受稳定的家庭生活。支援中心通过与地方市和省的合作，为当地妇女提供基本但必要的服务，如韩国语言和文化教育服务、翻译和口译服务、育儿支持服务、儿童教育支持服务、就业和创业支持 服务。
同性婚姻
同性婚姻在韩国不被法律承认。 同性恋在韩国主流社会受到强烈批评，许多韩国人认为同性恋是西方现象。尽管在韩国同性婚姻是非法的，但一些同性恋夫妇正在举行非法的私人仪式。电影导演兼制片人“Kim-Jho Gwang-soo” 于 2013 年 9 月与同性恋电影发行商 Rainbow Factory 的负责人 Kim Seung-hwan 举行了一场私人非法律仪式。 Kim Jho 与电影发行人 David Kim Seung-hwan（他的同性伴侣自2004)，2013 年 9 月 7 日在首尔，韩国是首个不承认同性婚姻的国家。金趙光秀2019 年 11 月 10 日在首尔，公开的女同性恋者金奎镇公开与她的伴侣结婚。 她写了一本关于她在韩国的女同性恋婚姻经历的书，名为''Unni，你愿意嫁给我吗？”（韩语: 언니, 나랑 결혼할래요?） 2020 年 5 月 7 日，她和她的伴侣向 钟路区 办公室提交了结婚登记，但他们收到了不修复的通知。
婚姻和求爱的类型
爱情婚姻
在韩国常被称为“爱”婚姻，在过去的几十年里变得很普遍。 表达方式是指两个人在不经过媒人或家庭安排的情况下相遇并坠入爱河的婚姻。 大多数情况下，新娘和新郎第一次见面是在朋友安排的相亲、集体约会、工作场所或大学期间。 韩国家庭比过去更容易接受这种婚姻。
离婚再婚
再婚在韩国变得越来越普遍。 根据韩国时报报道的韩国政府统计数据，2004 年再婚人数上升了 16.1%，达到 44,355 人。自 1995 年以来，韩国老年人再婚的人数翻了一番。 韩国婚姻中介 Duo 于 2006 年首次开始宣传其再婚服务。
2012年离婚数达到114,707。 2021 年离婚人数达到 102,000 人，是每年离婚人数连续第二次下降。
离婚条件属于以下六种可能条件中的一种或多种：
如果另一方有通奸行为；
如果配偶一方恶意遗弃另一方；
如果配偶一方严重虐待另一方配偶或其直系长辈；
如果配偶一方的直系长辈对另一方配偶极度虐待；
如果配偶另一方的生死不明三年； 和
如果有其他严重的原因导致婚姻难以继续。
參見
韩国的多元文化家庭
参考文献
外部链接
Norimitsu Onishi, 韩国男性利用经纪人在越南寻找新娘 ，《纽约时报》，2007 年 2 月 22 日
Paul Wiseman，亚洲男人从贫穷国家寻找新娘 ，“今日美国”，2008 年 2 月 27 日
韩国和朝鲜婚礼的差异
朝鲜半岛社会
朝鲜半岛文化
婚姻 |
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打胎药流多少天可以流？药物流产和人工流产都有各自得利弊，那得看您怎么选择了药物流产是存在很多不确定因素。人工流产会导致子宫壁变薄。人工流产就等于人用钳子在你麻醉状态把未成熟得卵泡从体内拉出来。子宫口扩张很大不说。对身体也没好处。以后怀孕，就得小心流产了。药物流产，只要你做好一切准备，那还是没什么害处得，起码。对子宫不会有太大得害处！药物流产.60天之前.基本都是有可能打掉的.只要你在喝药的第4天.看见有大拇指粗细的异物排出时,在后来的几天.一直喝益母草颗粒冲剂.喝益母草是让在体内的其他异物完全排出的.喝一个星期左右.血少了.就证明成功了.那几天,千万别碰凉水.不然,肚子里会凝结血块.对身体很不利，药物流产是需要有时间限制的，通常是在停经49天内进行，但是不可以选择在家中自行用药，以免发生危险，因此必须在正规的医院进行药流，才能保证女性生命安全。而无痛人流时间是在35-55天内，这时候的子宫不太大，手术一般不需要扩张宫颈，对身体的影响较小。而且是在有丰富经验的医生治疗下，相对安全系数更高一点。无论是选择药流还是人流，对于身体的伤害都是在所难免的，相对两种方式来说都是有利有弊的。药流是不需要手术的，所以不存在手术中引起感染的可能，而且术后感染的机会也比较少。药物流产后出现时间比较长，长时间的阴道出血给细菌滋生提供了有利条件，而且药流后宫颈内口也处于松弛状态，为阴道炎埋下了伏笔，相对的风险系数更高，从而建议患者慎重就医。 |
脑沟变宽的鉴别诊断？侧脑室增宽 ：正常侧脑室体部宽度10 mm，大于10mm就为脑室增宽。是孕中晚期超声测量胎儿侧脑室体部宽度的超声征象。脑炎样改变见于散发性脑炎中实验检查，是脑脊液的病理变化之一。又名散发性病毒脑炎、非特异性脑炎及非典型性脑炎等。白细胞数增加，早期为嗜中性粒细胞明显增高，1～数天后淋巴细胞占优势，还可见浆细胞和淋巴细胞样细胞。蛋白质正常或轻度增高。脱髓鞘性脑病样改变：白细胞数正常或稍增加，分类可见淋巴细胞百分率升高，还可见大淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞样细胞，浆细胞及激活型单核细胞，嗜中性粒细胞少见。蛋白质多为正常。以上两种病变其脑脊液改变是相对的，不能为病毒性脑炎或脱髓鞘性脑病提供确诊依据。脑室受压移位是指CT检查或脑血管造影发现脑室移位、脑室受压，多出现在脑外伤或脑肿瘤。1、仔细询问相关病史，收集相关临床资料2、密切对患者进行检查，清楚了解患者的临床症状3、适当对患者进行相关的体格检查，初步了解患者各器官的形态病变情况4、对患者进行相关的器械检查，适当进行实验室检查5、综合考虑各种检查结果，结合各种器官损伤的临床症状，最终得出相应诊断 |
宫颈锥切术后十天会出现什么情况？如果女性做宫颈活检提示是宫颈上皮内瘤变。如果中级别或者高级别的宫颈上皮内瘤变，需要行宫颈锥切手术，将病变的部位切除，这类病变用药没有太大作用。宫颈锥切手术可以选择用利普刀锥切，也可以选择用冷刀锥切，在锥切手术后，还需要将切下的组织送病检来排除宫颈癌，确保切缘已经完全切除干净。在锥切手术后一个月才可以安排同房，还需要复查看宫颈的恢复症状，在利普刀手术后半个月左右可能引起脱痂出血，属于生理性表现，出血没有超过正常月经量，可以不做任何特殊处理。做宫颈锥切手术以后，阴道内都会有流出水状的分泌物，这个是考虑创面渗出的液体，并不是尿裤子的现象。应该属于是正常的，大部分来说7~10天以后会有不同程度的缓解。宫颈锥切是处理CINIII时最重要的措施，它对于宫颈病变来讲既是诊断又是治疗，是必不可少的手段和过程，可以说如果没有经历过这个过程的CINIII的病人，治疗上有可能会走一些弯路。在锥切之后，术后的病理结果是最重要的，根据结果进行相应的处理更加重要，这也是锥切必须要做的原因之一。通过锥切，明确有CINIII的病人，如果没有生育要求，且年龄较大，可以选择子宫切除;而对于年纪较轻，有生育要求的，可以保留子宫进行密切随访;而当锥切证实病人有宫颈原位癌时，如果没有生育要求通常需要行子宫切除，但是对于仍然有生育要求的病人，可以在严密监视下，尝试妊娠;当锥切证实为早期浸润癌时，有生育要求时，可以考虑行治疗好性宫颈切除，保留子宫，人工助孕，而对于没有生育要求的病人，可以子宫切除和行宫颈癌治疗好术。宫颈锥切术，是由外向内呈圆锥形切下一部分宫颈组织的术式，可以作为病理检查确诊宫颈病变的程度和范围，也是切除病变的一种治疗方法。手术后需要注意需要应用抗生素及止血药，预防感染和出血。术后创面可能有少许的血性分泌物，不需特殊处理。如果渗血较多，可以用明胶海绵、止血粉和纱布压迫止血，必要时可以缝扎。 |
Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi is an extinct species of elephant known from the Middle-Late Pleistocene of Crete. It is a descendant of the large mainland species Palaeoloxodon antiquus. It is known from localities across the island. P. chaniensis from Stylos and in Vamos cave, Chania, west Crete is considered to be a junior synonym of P. creutzburgi. It had undergone insular dwarfism, being approximately 40% of the size of its mainland ancestor, and was around the size of the living Asian elephant. It lived alongside the radiation of Candiacervus deer endemic to the island, the mouse Mus batae-minotaurus , the Cretan otter, and the Cretan shrew.
See also
Dwarf elephant
References
Palaeoloxodon
Pleistocene proboscideans
Pleistocene species
Pleistocene mammals of Europe
Fossil taxa described in 2001
Prehistoric Crete
Fauna of Crete |
The 73rd Boat Race took place on 30 March 1921. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. Cambridge, with the heavier crew, went into the race as reigning champions, having won the previous year's race. In total, nine of the participants in this year's race had previous Boat Race experience, and five had won a silver medal in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In this year's race, umpired by former rower Frederick I. Pitman, Cambridge won by one length in a time of 19 minutes 45 seconds. It was Cambridge's third consecutive win, the fastest winning time since 1913 and the narrowest margin of victory since 1913. The result took the overall record to 39–33 in Oxford's favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1920 race by four lengths; Oxford led overall with 39 victories to Cambridge's 32 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Oxford were coached by H. R. Baker (who rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1908 and 1909 races), G. C. Bourne who had rowed for the university in the 1882 and 1883 races, C. D. Burnell (a Blue from 1895 to 1898) and R. P. P. Rowe who had rowed four times between 1889 and 1892. Cambridge's coaches were John Houghton Gibbon, who had rowed for the Light Blues in the 1899 and 1900 races, Sidney Swann (who had rowed in the four races from 1911 to 1914) and G. E. Tower (who had rowed in 1913 and 1914). For the thirteenth year the umpire was old Etonian Frederick I. Pitman who rowed for Cambridge in the 1884, 1885 and 1886 races.
Crews
The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 11.75 lb (81.3 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Oxford's crew contained five participants with Boat Race experience, while Cambridge saw four of the 1920 crew return. Five of the participants were silver medallists in the men's eight at the 1920 Summer Olympics: Oxford's Sebastian Earl, Walter James, Richard Lucas and Guy Oliver Nickalls, and Cambridge's John Campbell. Two rowers were registered as non-British, Oxford's Francis Bacon Lothrop was American while Cambridge's Campbell hailed from Australia.
Race
Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. Pitman, the umpire, started the race on a "moderate tide" in good conditions at 5:00 p.m. Cambridge made the quicker start, outrating Oxford and holding a half-length lead by the time the crews reached Craven Steps. Gaining further, the Light Blues were a quarter of a length clear of the Dark Blues by the Mile Post. At this point, the Cambridge boat attempted to cross into the Surrey side of the river, but Oxford responded and surged to become level by the time the crews passed below Hammersmith Bridge.
As the course of the river now favoured Oxford, they pulled away and, according to author and former Dark Blue rower George Drinkwater, after a "ding-dong struggle" held a half-length lead by Barnes Bridge. Oxford were forced to allow the Light Blue space; the Cambridge stroke P. H. G. H-S. Hartley took advantage and spurted to push the Dark Blues off their line. The bend in the river now favouring Cambridge, they levelled proceedings and pushed on to win by one length in a time of 19 minutes 45 seconds. It was their third consecutive victory, the fastest winning time since the 1911 race and the narrowest winning margin since the 1913 race. It took the overall record in the event to 39–33 in Oxford's favour.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1921 in English sport
The Boat Race
March 1921 sports events |
Coddington is an unincorporated community in the town of Buena Vista in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States.
History
Settlement at Coddington began after the area was drained by the Bradley Polytechnic Institute. In 1911, Wallace Bell "Wallie" Coddington platted "Pine Island" for residential living, surrounded by the present day town roads of Buena Vista Drive, O'Neill Lane, Coddington Road, and Lake Road. He is said to have chosen the name "Pine Island" because of the group of pine trees clustered on a section of higher ground, surrounded by ash and birch trees in the swampy lowlands. After receiving a post office, "Pine Island" was renamed Coddington in honor of its founder.
Coddington had a railroad station at the time when the train passed through the areas of Stevens Point to points southward. Today, Coddington remains only as a small residential subdivision surrounded by the Buena Vista Marsh.
Geography
Coddington is located in central Wisconsin approximately halfway between Bancroft and Plover. Coddington is parallel with mile post 148 on Interstate 39/U.S. Highway 51, although there is no access to Coddington from any main roads. Present-day Coddington is located at the intersection of Coddington Road and Taft Avenue.
References
External links
Profile from the Portage County Historical Society
Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Portage County, Wisconsin |
女人有脂肪肝正常吗？女性朋友会有脂肪肝。其中大多数是营养不良造成的。许多年轻的女性朋友现在都在追求苗条的身材，所以大多数女性朋友会选择以这种方式吃饭和吃饭。这导致人体营养不良，营养不良也会形成脂肪肝。因此，女性朋友应制定科学的减肥计划，以避免节食，节食有害健康，并会加重疾病的症状。大多数女性朋友喜欢吃甜食，身体消耗的糖分过多，但运动量相对较小，糖体在体内代谢形成脂肪，因此一些糖尿病患者也可能有脂肪肝的症状。因此，女性朋友也应养成健康的饮食习惯，不要摄入大量的糖，可以参??加一些运动，促进新陈代谢的三大营养素，并平衡身体的营养。出现脂肪肝的症状。对于患有脂肪肝的患者，通常选择性地使用胆碱药物。胆碱是卵磷脂的一种成分，可加速脂质功能和脂蛋白的产生。可以使用复合胆碱。促进人体肝脏脂质的排泄，有效预防肝细胞坏死，预防肝纤维化。脂肪肝患者应多吃蔬菜和水果。它们富含维生素和矿物质，可加速肝细胞的修复。膳食纤维还可以减少胆固醇的吸收，加速胆固醇的排泄，降低血脂。酸奶，大蒜，洋葱，香菇，木耳，山楂，绿豆等具有降脂作用。以上详细介绍了女性注射脂肪肝的各种原因及相应的治疗方法，希望对大家有所帮助。女性朋友应选择合理的减肥方法，避免过度节食，并应避免在正常生活中接触甜食。大量的甜食会导致身体脂质代谢紊乱，并且可能发生许多疾病，所以女性朋友应该养成健康的饮食。饮食计划，患者应纠正这些不良饮食习惯，喝下午茶或吃夜宵，这些不良的饮食结构会导致营养过剩。 |
Bolsa Chica State Ecological Reserve is a natural reserve and public land in Orange County, governed by the state of California, and immediately adjacent to the city of Huntington Beach, California. The reserve is designated by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) to protect a coastal wetland and upland, with both migratory and resident threatened and endangered species of wildlife and wildflowers.
The western boundary of the ecological reserve abuts two other state agency lands of State Route 1 (Pacific Coast Highway) managed by Cal Trans and California State Parks (Bolsa Chica State Beach).
The term bolsa chica means "little bag" in Spanish, as the area was part of a historic Mexican land grant named Rancho La Bolsa Chica. The reserve is also called many other names, including Bolsa Chica Lowlands, Bolsa Chica Wetlands, and Bolsa Chica Wildlife Refuge.
History
The history of Bolsa Chica is a long and varied one. The earliest peoples were the native Indians of California. Archaeologists have found cog stones which date back 8,000 years and are the only surviving relic of the Indian lifestyle. Their exact purpose is unknown, but speculation has centered on religious or astronomical use. Cog stones can be seen at the Bowers Museum in Santa Ana.
Once Spain colonized California, Spanish officials created vast land grants called ranchos. One such grant, Rancho Los Nietos, was given to Manuel Nieto. After Nieto died, the grant was partitioned in 1834 into five Mexican ranchos including Rancho Las Bolsas. Rancho La Bolsa Chica was separated from Rancho Las Bolsas in 1841. The grant was later owned by Abel Stearns.
Prior to 1899, there had been a natural ocean entrance to the wetlands where the East Garden Grove Wintersburg Channel, then a small stream, is now located. In 1899, the Bolsa Chica Gun Club was formed by a group of wealthy businessmen from Los Angeles and Pasadena. The duck-hunting club catered to politicians and celebrities such as Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig. They built a two-story structure on a mesa overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The Gun Club is responsible for damming off of Bolsa Chica from direct tidal flow with the ocean.
In July 1920, the Standard Oil Company entered a lease agreement with the Gun Club Board of Directors that would allow for them to begin oil extraction in between and around the Bolsa Wetlands. This contract specified that the initial bonus of $100,000 and subsequent revenues would be split 50/50 between the Bolsa Chica Gun Club and the Bolsa Chica Land Trust. Upon receipt of this money, it was then to be invested into “good, interest-bearing securities” (Board of Directors Meeting Jun 11, 1920).
In January 1921, in order to protect their newly acquired capital, the Gun Club assembled an investigative committee to complete a legal report that assessed the land title’s specifics in respect to protection from outside parties encroaching upon their tide and marshlands for oil drilling. The organization also wished to inquire as to whether they should pursue a specific title that would clearly define their rights in regard to oil drilling.
In the 1940s, it was feared that Japan would attack California. So the U.S. military constructed two bunkers at Bolsa Chica to defend the coastline. Gun turrets were also mounted on the mesa, but were fired only for testing purposes. The larger of the two bunkers was demolished in 1995. The smaller support bunker still exists but is closed off from public access. All that is left of the turrets are their circular frame.
In the 1960s, most of Bolsa Chica was acquired by Signal Landmark, and plans for a massive housing development and marina were released. State officials objected, and so in 1970 the developer set aside alongside Pacific Coast Highway to create the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve. This action satisfied state officials but not members of the League of Women Voters and the American Association of University Women, who decided to create a new group, Amigos de Bolsa Chica ("Friends of Bolsa Chica"), to save and preserve more of the wetlands. Amigos were founded in 1976, and the 20-year battle to save the wetlands began.
In 1990, the Amigos and the developer, now called Hearthside Homes, entered a joint agreement to create the Bolsa Chica Conservancy. The conservancy's mission is to educate the public about the importance of wetlands.
The size of Hearthside Homes’ development decreased over the years. In 1992, the Bolsa Chica Land Trust was formed by individuals who thought more of Bolsa Chica should be saved from development than just the wetlands. The upland habitat provided nesting, shelter, and food for egrets, herons, and raptors that also used the wetlands.
In 1997, the Amigos' long-awaited goal of preserving the wetlands was reached when the state of California purchased of Hearthside Homes’ holdings. Restoration would come seven years later at a cost of $147 million which opened an inlet to the Pacific Ocean for the first time since being dammed in 1899 was completed in 2006.
In November 2000, the California Coastal Commission, which regulates development along the state's coastline, ruled that development had to be limited to the upper half ("upper bench") of the Bolsa Chica mesa because the lower half ("lower bench") was too valuable as habitat. Koll—now called Hearthside Homes—sued. The case was eventually dismissed. The developer contributed to the campaign of bond measure Proposition 50, which included specific language to purchase land at Bolsa Chica. Proposition 50 passed, and the state ended up purchasing of the lower bench, closing escrow in December 2005. Hearthside was free to develop the upper bench, and their 379-unit project (whittled down from the 5,000+ plan of the 1960s) broke ground in 2006.
An additional of uplands still remains in private ownership and is being considered for development. Ongoing hearings are being held with the California Coastal Commission.
In November 2018, the Bolsa Chica Land Trust raised $1,000,000 to secure the Ridge and Goodell properties, totaling , which will prevent the land from being sold to a real estate developer to build townhouses, instead will be preserved, protected and restored. In July 2023, the ownership of the "Goodell property" transferred to the Acjachemen Tongva Land Conservancy.
Setting
The Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve boundaries are Warner Avenue to the north, Seapoint Avenue to the south, Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) to the west, and residential development to the east.
There are two small parking lots: the north lot southeast of the intersection of Warner and PCH, and the south lot on PCH across from the entrance to Bolsa Chica State Beach. The north lot contains the Bolsa Chica Interpretive Center. It is the starting point for the Mesa Trail, which leads to the overlook and rest stop at Mesa Point. The south lot is the starting point for the Loop Trail, which crosses a wooden bridge, passes two overlooks, and returns to the parking lot via a sand-dune trail paralleling PCH.
The East Garden Grove Wintersburg Channel runs through the Reserve. Beginning in December 2007, flood control improvements were made by the County of Orange to reinforce the levees damaged in the rains of 2005 and protect the wetlands. In addition, the Newport–Inglewood Fault goes through the reserve.
Interpretive Center
Open seven days a week from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., the Bolsa Chica Conservancy Interpretive Center offers live animal exhibits, aquaria, maps and information about Bolsa Chica and education programs on wetland science. The main room’s exhibits include live marine life species native to Bolsa Chica and the southern California coast, including bat stars, ochre stars, giant-spined stars, warty sea cucumbers, Kellet’s whelks, chestnut cowries, striped shore crabs, and California spiny lobster. A second exhibit room includes live reptiles such as California kingsnakes, San Diego gopher snake, coastal rosy boa, two-striped garter snakes, and alligator lizards. Throughout the center there are many examples of taxidermy including opossums, snakes and birds such as the great blue heron, California brown pelican, Cooper’s hawk, red-shouldered hawk, and Anna’s hummingbird.
Community Involvement
Approximately 30,000 people visit the reserve each year. Hiking, photography, and birdwatching are popular activities at the reserve.
There are special regulations in force for the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve:
Fishing shall be permitted at designated areas around outer Bolsa Bay only.
Pets are prohibited from entering the reserve except when they remain inside a motor vehicle.
Tours
Free public tours are offered each month by three organizations at Bolsa Chica:
First Saturday at 9 a.m. is offered by the Amigos de Bolsa Chica from the south parking lot.
Second Saturday from 10 a.m. to 12 noon is offered by the Bolsa Chica Conservancy from the north lot.
Third Sunday at 10 a.m. is conducted by the Bolsa Chica Land Trust from the south parking lot.
Amigos de Bolsa Chica
The Amigos offer a number of programs to advocate the preservation, restoration, and maintenance of Bolsa Chica, emphasizing longstanding advocacy, community awareness efforts, and ongoing restoration. Some of the Amigos’ most popular community-based programs include:
Education and Research: In addition to private and public docent-led walking tours, a docent training program, and multiple education-based book publications on the Bolsa Chica, the Amigos' FLOW Program ("Follow and Learn about the Ocean and Wetland") offers members of the community an opportunity to learn more about coastal ecology and get involved in environmental quality monitoring efforts. Community members meet every Friday to collect and analyze water samples in part of a regional monitoring network. Data is sent to the California Department of Public Health, which maintains the state of California's Phytoplankton Monitoring Program.
Sustainable Restoration and Stewardship: For over 40 years, the Amigos have worked to preserve and maintain the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve. Community members have the opportunity to train to become a docent or citizen scientist, participate in monthly clean-ups of the wetlands, teach water quality classes to visiting students, and sit on a committee led by the Board of Directors.
Bolsa Chica Conservancy
Bolsa Chica Conservancy hosts numerous after school and volunteer programs to encourage ecological participation, awareness and environmental action. In addition to community-building leadership and education programs, The Bolsa Chica Conservancy focuses its non-profit efforts on research and restoration:
Research: In addition to consistent water quality testing, the conservancy encourages research by way of volunteer birders, who fill out bird sighting surveys for local population data. In order to focus on this research specifically with the endangered California least tern and the threatened western snowy plover, The Eyes on Nest Sites (EONS) project was launched in 2010.
Restoration:Trash cleanup and environment restoration are important components in Bolsa Chica’s volunteering opportunities. In fact, Public Service Day is hosted on the last Saturday and second Sunday of every month; it typically includes trash removal, the planting of native plants, and invasive plant removal, all of which contribute to the health of these increasingly rare coastal wetland habitats.
Bolsa Chica Land Trust
The Bolsa Chica Land Trust offers education and volunteer programs which encourage hands-on involvement with the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve. Highlights of their community programming include:
Stewards Restoration Project: The Stewards and Junior Stewards Programs, in collaboration with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, are dedicated to the complete restoration of the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve's natural habitat. They meet bimonthly to reintroduce native species, remove of non-native species, and pick-up trash.
Miracles of the Marsh: The Land Trust's Miracles of the Marsh is an elementary school education program which offers students a walking docent-led tour of the Bolsa Chica. The program includes a field guide for teachers and a presentation prior to visiting.
Wildlife
Among the wildlife in the reserve are the shovelnose guitarfish, grey smooth-hound sharks, California halibut, and white seabass. There are also snakes in the grassy areas of the wetlands, ranging from harmless kingsnakes and gopher snakes in various colors to rattlesnakes, including western diamondbacks and Pacific rattlesnakes. Other wildlife include western fence lizard, cottontail rabbit, Beechey ground squirrel, and coyotes.
In spring and fall, the reserve is home to many migratory birds. As many as 321 out of Orange County's 420 bird species have been sighted at the reserve in the past decade. Bird species at the reserve include the endangered light-footed rail, snowy plover, Savannah sparrow, least tern, Caspian tern, great blue heron, snowy egret, double-crested cormorant, red-tailed hawk, great horned owl, and California gnatcatcher.
See also
Bolsa Chica Basin State Marine Conservation Area
Bolsa Chica State Beach
References
Further reading
External links
Amigos de Bolsa Chica
Bolsa Chica Conservancy
Bolsa Chica Land Trust
Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project
Wetlands of California
Nature reserves in California
Protected areas of Orange County, California
Geography of Huntington Beach, California
Estuaries of California
California State Reserves
California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas
Natural history of Orange County, California
Landforms of Orange County, California |
Valeriy Ivanovych Bozhyk (; born 27 March 1971) is a Ukrainian lawyer and politician currently serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from Ukraine's 204th electoral district.
Biography
Valeriy Ivanovych Bozhyk was born on 27 March 1971 in Kadubivtsi, in Chernivtsi Oblast. He graduated from Chernivtsi University specialising in legal studies. He served as head of the Chernivtsi Oblast Classification and Disciplinary Legal Commission from 2009 to 2011, and held leading positions in Chernivtsi Oblast's law bodies.
In 2010, Bozhyk mounted a campaign for membership in the Chernivtsi City Council, running as a member of Civil Position. He was a successful candidate for People's Deputy of Ukraine from Ukraine's 204th electoral district, representing Servant of the People despite being an independent. He is deputy chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Legal Policy, as well as a member of Smart Politics.
During the election, Bozhyk acquired attention after his opponent, Maksym Burbak, claimed he held dual citizenship with Romania, something which is illegal in Ukraine. The Central Election Commission told Servant of the People they were investigating the claims. Bozhyk denied that he had dual citizenship, submitting an application to the Romanian consulate in Chernivtsi to confirm his lack of Romanian citizenship.
On 28 May 2020, Bozhyk was diagnosed with COVID-19. He was subsequently placed in isolation.
References
1971 births
Living people
Chernivtsi University alumni
Ninth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Servant of the People (political party) politicians
Ukrainian lawyers |
幼儿是几岁到几岁？人都会经历不同的成长时期，例如婴儿时期、幼儿时期、少年时期、青年时期、中年时期、老年时期等等，每个时期都是根据年龄来进行划分的。接下来的文章，为我们介绍下：一个人的幼儿时期应该是在几岁到几岁的一个阶段？幼儿，通常是指1岁至3岁的儿童，此期小儿生长速度减慢，智能发育加速，活动范围增大，接触社会事物增多。语言、思维和社交能力有明显发展。由于缺乏对危险事物的识别能力和自我保护能力，易发生意外伤害和中毒，此期保健重点在于培养良好的饮食卫生习惯，保证营养和辅食添加，预防传染病和意外事故。对于幼儿的培养需要注意的是：1、对孩子的培养是终身的，所以要做好前期的规划和安排，要详细的为孩子的教育做出相应的计划，根据孩子的心理特点安排训练计划方案。2、孩子每天的训练要从小做起，要坚持做起，家长富有教育孩子成长的责任和义务，更是孩子的第一任老师，所以要每天训练，积少成多，等有了成绩的时候，你就会觉得真是幸福。3、幼儿的教育最核心主要是训练联想能力，因为联想能力是将幼儿的思维反应进行带动的纽带和联系，所以要从小培养孩子爱联想的能力。4、幼儿的教育最直接的就是要培养想象能力，因为想象能力关乎到孩子未来发展产生各种创意及新奇点子的主要决定的关键点。5、不管是训练联想还是想象具体实施训练的方法都离不开图像和文字，所以看图识字，以及看动画片对孩子都会产生深远的影响，心理学表明经常看动画片的孩子想象能力联想能力更是比没有看动画片的孩子要快速效率高。上述内容对于幼儿的划分年龄已有了介绍，宝宝的幼儿时期是非常重要的，在日常生活中也要多加看护孩子。幼儿无论在体格和神经发育上还是在心理和智能发育上，都出现了新的发展。家长在这一时期对孩子的培养应考虑全面，爸爸妈妈不仅要引导孩子，更要以身作则，给孩子一个好榜样。 |
Violin Sonata No. 2 may refer to:
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Beethoven)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Brahms)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Enescu)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Fauré)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Grieg)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Hill)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Hindemith)
Violin Sonata No. 2 by Charles Ives
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Mozart)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Prokofiev)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Ravel)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Saint-Saëns)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Schumann)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Stanford)
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Ysaÿe) |
萬丹蘇丹國（印尼文： Kasultanan Banten，英語: Banten Sultanate）為今印尼爪哇地區的一古國，存續時間為1568年—1813年。因為商業貿易崛起的該穆斯林王國，信奉伊斯蘭教，是一政教合一的國家，其王國統治者也為蘇丹。16世紀中、萬丹成為取代马六甲的商港，17世紀中期，萬丹受荷蘭東印度公司壓迫箝制，內亂頻仍。1813年，該王國被荷屬東印度公司併吞。
印尼历史上的苏丹国
万丹省历史 |
凯尔西地区朗杜（，；）是法国洛特省的一个市镇，属于卡奥尔区。该市镇于2018年由原市镇圣西普里安、圣洛朗洛尔米和拉斯卡巴讷合并而成。
地名
凯尔西（）是法国历史上的一个行省，位于今法国西南部。“朗杜”（）则是指朗杜河，其为流经该地一条河流，是巴格洛内特河的左支流。
地理
凯尔西地区朗杜（）面积，位于法国奧克西塔尼大區洛特省，该省份为法国西南部内陆省份，北起顺时针与科雷兹省、康塔爾省、阿韦龙省、塔恩-加龙省、洛特-加龍省和多尔多涅省接壤。
与凯尔西地区朗杜接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
凯尔西地区朗杜的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
凯尔西地区朗杜的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
凯尔西地区朗杜所属的省级选区为。
人口
凯尔西地区朗杜于时的人口数量为人。
参考文献
L |
馬利（）是位於美國伊利諾伊州威爾縣的一個非建制地區。該地的面積和人口皆未知。
地理
馬利的座標為，而該地的平均海拔高度為211米（即692英尺）。
參考文獻
伊利諾伊州非建制地區
威爾縣非建制地區 (伊利諾伊州) |
Ernst Frederich Erwin Ladendorf (born 5 February 1992 in Alberton, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player for the . He can play as a flanker, number eight or a lock.
Career
Sharks
After school, Ladendorf joined the Sharks Academy in Durban. He represented the side in the 2011 Under-19 Provincial Championship, scoring a try against the s as they finished fifth on the log.
Border Bulldogs
He moved down the coast in 2012 to join East London-based side the . He played for the side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, making eight appearances and again scoring a try against the . Border finished the season bottom of the log with just two victories in their twelve matches, but a 21–15 victory over saw them retain their place in Group A of the competition.
Ladendorf was included in the senior squad for the 2013 Vodacom Cup. He made his first class debut for them in their 24–25 defeat to a in Alice, coming on as a first-half blood-bin replacement. Two more appearances off the bench followed in their matches against Western Cape sides and , with the Border Bulldogs winning both matches. In the latter half of the year, he was involved in a disastrous campaign for the side in the 2013 Under-21 Provincial Championship. Ladendorf weighed in with two tries in each of their matches against the , but could not help his side losing all twelve their matches in the competition. He scored a try in their relegation play-off match, to help them to a 23–21 victory against the s for the second year in a row to once again remain in Group A.
Falcons
Ladendorf was one of a number of players that moved from East London to Kempton Park-based outfit the for the 2014 season. He made two appearances for the Falcons in the 2014 Vodacom Cup competition. He started all six of their matches in the 2014 Currie Cup qualification series, but the Falcons finished in sixth spot, to qualify to the 2014 Currie Cup First Division. He played in two of their five matches of the First Division regular season, before appearing as a replacement in their 31–24 upset victory over the in the semi-final of the competition. He started the final of the competition, but the Falcons suffered a 21–23 defeat to Welkom-based side the .
References
South African rugby union players
Living people
1992 births
People from Alberton, Gauteng
Rugby union locks
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union number eights
Border Bulldogs players
Falcons (rugby union) players
Rugby union players from Gauteng |
Margovula translineata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.
Description
Distribution
References
Ovulidae
Gastropods described in 1973 |
An election to Sligo County Council took place on 27 June 1991 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 25 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended twice, first to 1998, then to 1999.
Results by party
Results by local electoral area
Ballymote
Dromore
Drumcliffe
Sligo
Tubbercurry
References
External links
Official website
1991 Irish local elections
1991 |
112學年度高中籃球聯賽為第36屆高中籃球聯賽。男子組的賽程分為資格賽、預賽、複賽、準決賽和決賽等五個階段，而女子組的賽程則分為資格賽、預賽、複賽和總決賽等四個階段。無法晉級到8強的隊伍，則明年需從資格賽打起。今年度的精神標語為約好了OH球場見。
今年資格賽首次造訪桃園，在中原大學體育館和健行科技大學體育館舉行；男子預賽再度在新竹市立體育館舉行；男子複賽、女子預賽在高雄巨蛋和高雄鳳山體育館；男子準決賽、女子複賽在板橋體育館和新莊體育館舉行，總決賽同樣於臺北小巨蛋舉行。
教練團更動
大誠高中：原總教練邱國寶離開和助理教練高從立回到強恕高中，由前木柵高工總教練甘志安擔任。
強恕高中：原總教練吳俊雄轉戰彰化柏力力，由前穀保家商總教練羅天金擔任，高從立回鍋。
及人高中：原總教練吳敏賢轉戰平溪國中教練職位，由前南湖高中和輔仁大學曾哲彥擔任。
莊敬高職男籃：原總教練張峻庭擔任香港滿貫籃球隊助理教練，由前新屋高中助理教練張皓宇擔任。
新屋高中：原總教練范家誠教練離開，由原本文化大學球員錢力傑擔任。
萬能工商：由中信金融管理學院助理教練蕭文豪擔任。
高苑工商：原總教練梁永勝請辭爾後轉戰到高中乙級強權高師大附中，由前東泰高中和高苑工商助理教練廖楚翔回鍋接任。
紀錄
曾105學年度高中籃球聯賽乙級冠軍善化高中決定今年再次挑戰甲級。
莊敬高職女子籃球隊於2022年成立，由前台元紡織女籃球員張歆可接手。
本屆八強
資格賽
女子
1、共10隊參加，最後由永平高中、苗栗高商、新竹高商、莊敬高職，與上一屆的8支八強球隊進行預賽。
（1）9-12名：永平高中、新竹高商、苗栗高商、忠明高中
（2）其餘參賽球隊：海星高中、莊敬高職、大誠高中、龍津高中、忠明高中、高苑工商
2、比賽制度：採先分組循環後淘汰排名賽制。
（1）上學年度複賽9-12名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之1、2、6、7籤位。
（2）其餘參賽球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之3、4、5、8、9、10籤位。
3、錄取隊數：取4隊晉級預賽。
（1）第一輪各組第一名；計2隊，直接晉級預賽。
A組
比賽日誌
本場賽事莊敬高職女籃隊史於資格賽第一場勝利。
B組
比賽日誌
外卡戰
比賽日誌
男子
1、共27隊參加，最後由錦和高中、三民家商、基隆商工、花蓮體中、青年高中、南湖高中、北市成功、宜蘭高中晉級，與上一屆8支八強球隊進行預賽。
（1）9-12名：宜蘭高中、北市成功、治平高中、南湖高中
（2）13-16名：基隆商工、花蓮體中、錦和高中、海星高中
（3）其餘參賽球隊：及人中學、莊敬高職、和平高中、強恕高中、大誠高中
木柵高工、北科附工、永平工商、新屋高中、青年高中
東山高中、后綜高中、彰縣成功、同德高中、萬能工商
善化高中、三民家商、屏東高中、民生家商
2、比賽制度：採先分組循環後淘汰排名賽制。
（1）上學年度複賽9-12名球隊，分別抽籤編入E、F、G、H組之16、19、22、25籤位。
（2）上學年度預賽分組13-16名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B、C、D組之1、5、9、13籤位。
（3）其餘參賽球隊，分別抽籤編入各組其餘之2、3、4、6、7、8、10、11、12、14、15、17、18、20、21、23、24、26、27簽位。
3、錄取隊數：第一輪各組前三名晉級第二輪
A組
比賽日誌
B組
比賽日誌
C組
比賽日誌
D組
比賽日誌
E組
比賽日誌
F組
比賽日誌
G組
比賽日誌
H組
比賽日誌
外卡戰
（2）第二輪錄取8隊晉級預賽。
第一輪各組第一名直接列為種子排定
第一輪各組第二名，分別抽籤編入2、4、8、10、14、16、20、22籤位
第一輪各組第三名，分別抽籤編入3、5、9、11、15、17、21、23籤位
第一輪各組名次一、二名，第二輪簽位以不抽排為同組原則。
第一輪
比賽日誌
第二輪
比賽日誌
預賽
男子
1、參加球隊：
（1）光復高中（2）南山高中（3）松山高中（4）能仁家商（5）高苑工商（6）泰山高中（7）東泰高中（8）三重商工
資格賽晉級之8隊，計16隊
2、比賽制度：採分組單循環制。
（1）上學年度聯賽成績一、二名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之1、5籤位。
（2）上學年度聯賽成績三、四名球隊，分別抽籤編入C、D組之9、13籤位。
（3）上學年度聯賽成績五、六名球隊，分別抽籤編入C、D組之10、14籤位。
（4）上學年度聯賽成績七、八名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之2、6籤位。
（5）資格賽晉級之隊伍，分別抽籤編入A、B、C、D組之3、4、7、8、11、12、15、16籤位。
3、錄取隊數：取12隊晉級複賽，最後由、、、、、、、、、、、出線
A組
比賽日誌
B組
比賽日誌
C組
比賽日誌
D組
比賽日誌
女子
1、參加球隊：
（1）淡水商工（2）北一女中（3）北市陽明（4）南山高中（5）普門高中（6）永仁高中（7）南湖高中（8）金甌女中
資格賽晉級之4隊，計12隊
2、比賽制度：採分組單循環制。
（1）上學年度聯賽成績一、二名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之1、7籤位。
（2）上學年度聯賽成績三、四名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之2、8籤位。
（3）上學年度聯賽成績五、六名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之3、9籤位。
（4）上學年度聯賽成績七、八名球隊，分別抽籤編入A、B組之4、10籤位。
（5）資格賽成績第一輪晉級隊伍，分別抽籤編入A、B組之5、11籤位。
（6）資格賽成績第二輪晉級隊伍，分別抽籤編入A、B組之6、12籤位。
3、錄取隊數：取8隊晉級複賽。
（1）分組前三名，計6隊直接晉級複賽。
（2）分組四～六名參加外卡賽，計前二名晉級複賽。
A組
B組
外卡賽
複賽
外卡賽
準決賽
決賽
女子組
男子組
季軍賽
女子組
男子組
冠軍賽
女子組
男子組
特殊事蹟
男生組
女生組
莊敬高職女籃隊史首度晉級12強預賽
乙級
參見
高中籃球聯賽
外部連結
中華民國高級中等學校體育總會
HBL官方網站
高級中等學校籃球聯賽賽季
2023年臺灣籃球
2024年臺灣籃球 |
胆汁性肝硬化能痊愈吗？胆汁性肝硬化常伴有多种免疫异常，其发病率可能与免疫异常有关。随着敏感检测方法的发展，无症状、无黄疸的原发性胆汁性肝硬化的早期诊断逐渐增多，因此胆汁性肝硬化能否治愈已成为大多数患者普遍怀疑的话题。针对这个问题，我们将在下面看一看。胆汁性肝硬化是因胆道阻塞，胆汁淤积而引起的肝硬化，分原发性胆汁性肝硬化和继发性胆汁性肝硬化。后者由肝外胆管长期梗阻引起。一般认为原发性胆汁性肝硬化是一种自身免疫性疾病，临床上，病情缓解与恶化交替出现，常伴有其他自身免疫性疾病，如干燥综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎及慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎等。体液免疫显著异常，抗线粒抗体阳性率达90%～100%，80%患者其滴度大于1:80。胆汁性肝硬化能治愈吗胆汁性肝硬化能治愈吗?肝病专家指出：原发性胆汁性肝硬化一种以肝内小胆管炎症性破坏，肝内胆汁郁积为特征的慢性肝病，病因不明，一般难以找到治肝硬化的新方法，这让很多肝硬化患者自暴自弃，失去了信心。胆汁性肝硬化临床表现典型者，诊断多无困难，但此时病情多属晚期，故早期诊断是决定肝硬化治疗成败的关键，针对这一病症，最有效的治疗方法是自体骨髓肝细胞移植，自体骨髓肝细胞移植是指把患者自己的骨髓肝细胞移植到体内，使其生长繁殖，修复受损肝细胞，重新建立正常的肝脏功能一种治疗方法。对于慢性肝硬化和肝衰竭患者，目前尚无治疗肝硬化的特殊药物。即使肝硬化病情得到控制，它也会复发。肝细胞移植治疗肝硬化总有效率在85%以上，是胆汁性肝硬化患者的首选。 |
我有轻微的乳腺增生，该怎么办？轻度乳腺增生是妇女如常见的乳腺疾病，指乳腺上皮和纤维组织增生，乳腺组织导管和乳小叶在结构上的退行性病变及进行性结缔组织的生长，其发病原因主要是由于内分泌激素失调。乳腺增生是女性最常见的乳房疾病，应提前预防。本病的特点是乳腺组成成分的增生，在结构、数量及组织形态上表现出异常，故称为囊性增生病或乳腺结构不良症。医学界比较公认的是内分泌失调。黄体素分泌减少，雌激素相对增多是乳腺增生发病的重要原因。正常情况下，在每一个月经周期里，进入青春期的女性的乳房腺泡、腺管和纤维组织，都要经历增生和复原的组织改变过程。由于这种改变，在这之前，都可能出现一侧或两侧乳房或轻或重的胀痛，月经过后胀痛又自然消失，这完全不妨碍生活，学习和工作，是正常的生理现象。精神刺激可改变人体内环境，从而影响内分泌系统功能，导致某一种或几种激素的分泌出现异常。精神过于紧张、情绪过于激动等不良精神因素，都可能使本来应该复原的乳腺增生组织得不到复原或复原不全，久而久之，便形成乳腺增生，而且这些不良的精神刺激还会加重已有的轻度乳腺增生症状。人流、不生育或30岁以上生育、不哺乳、夫妻不和、含激素的保健品等等，佩戴过紧的胸罩，过紧的胸罩易压迫淋巴和血液循环，有碍乳腺健康，易引发乳腺增生。轻度乳腺增生的症状主要是以乳房稍微有疼痛和肿块的情况，一开始是涨痛或者触痛，会随着月经周期而发生变化。大多是月经前症状加重，而在月经后症状有所减轻或者消失。这个时候女性朋友千万不要疏忽，一定要到当地正规的医院及时就诊。 |
孟學易（），字與時，號静菴，陝西平凉府涇州靈臺縣人，民籍，明朝政治人物。
生平
陝西鄉試第七名舉人。嘉靖四十四年（1565年）中式乙丑科三甲第一百一十六名進士。吏部观政，本年八月授成都府推官，丁忧。隆慶四年（1570年）七月復除潞安府，五年五月升户部主事，万历二年（1574年）正月升管粮郎中，五年四月復除本部，八年二月升開封知府，十一年二月升四川副使，十四年八月调簡，十七年正月考察致仕。
家族
曾祖孟長；祖父孟聰；父孟紹先，歲貢生。母張氏。弟學書（庠生）、學詩、學禮。
参考文献
孟姓
灵台人
嘉靖三十七年戊午科舉人
明朝吏部觀政
明朝成都府推官
明朝潞安府推官
明朝戶部主事
明朝戶部郎中
明朝開封府知府
明朝四川按察司副使 |
Goure Airport is an airport serving Goure in Niger.
It is located southwest of the city centre. Its runway is by .
References
Airports in Niger |
烏斯季堪察茨克區（），是俄羅斯的一個區，位於該國東北部，由堪察加邊疆區負責管轄，面積40,837平方公里，2010年人口11,744，人口密度每平方公里0.29人。
參考資料
http://www.ust-kam.ru/
堪察加边疆区的区 |
Federal Highway 307 (, Fed. 307) is a free part of the federal highway corridors () of Mexico. It consists of two discontinuous portions. One in the state of Quintana Roo, inland from the Caribbean coast, running from Cancún in the north to near Chetumal in the south. This section connects several major destinations in the Riviera Maya tourism district, including Tulum and Playa del Carmen. The other section of 307 is in the state of Chiapas, one end at Palenque, then going south east looping around the Reserva de la Biósfera Montes Azules, paralleling the Guatemalan border, then coming back west to La Trinitaria, Chiapas.
References
307
Transportation in Chiapas
Transportation in Quintana Roo
Cancún
Chetumal
Palenque
Solidaridad (municipality)
Tulum (municipality) |
消除脸上痘痘方法？痘痘其实是通俗的叫法，临床上一般指痤疮。对于较轻的痤疮，治疗手段主要是外用药膏治疗，常用的有：各种抗生素软膏等，可以促进粉刺的溶解和排出，同时抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌，加快痤疮愈合。如果症状较重，满脸都是又红又大的痘痘。那么，消除脸上痘痘方法的方法有哪些呢？1、我们长痘痘的原因很复杂，但其中很大一部分原因是由于皮肤缺水。许多人脸部干燥，缺水就导致痘痘疯长，了解这一原因后，只需要适当运用保湿面膜或喷上保湿精华，即可逐渐消除痘痘。其他人在外面呆了很长一段时间，皮肤上吸附着很多污染物。这个是很难消除的，如果你没有用洁面乳清洁，这些脏东西就停留在皮肤上，积累多了会对皮肤造成伤害，使毛孔堵塞，这样痘痘就出现了。2、我们要注意多洗脸，尤其是在使用电脑后，要记住彻底清洁脸部，电脑的强辐射会造成脸部伤害。每天加一点白醋洗脸会更加好。3、长痘痘的地方有很多，两边的脸颊，嘴角,鼻子,额头等等都是痘痘的重灾区，如果你的脸颊两侧有更多的痘痘，你需要改善你的肺部功能，注意呼吸系统的护理。如果你的嘴周围长痘，说明吃得太多了，肠道积聚的毒素超标，需要解毒，应该尽可能清淡饮食。如果在你的额头上有很多痘痘，那么你的肝脏需要进行护理，要注意休息，缓解压力。如果痘痘长在你的鼻子上，说明吃了太多上火的食物。综上所述，痘痘是一个非常讨人厌的东西，从我们青春期开始，它就会伴随着我们。痘痘长在不同的位置也代表着不一样的意思。我们不可忽视痘痘长的位置，和我们的健康相联系。一个痘痘不仅会毁了你的外表，还会毁了你自信。重要的是，痘痘都是一堆长出来的，往往旧的消了新的又起，真的是让人烦恼。 |
革命共产党（，缩写为PCR）是巴西的一个未注册的共产主义政党。该党成立于1995年，分裂自十月八日革命运动。它的意识形态是共产主义、马克思列宁主义、霍查主义。它的政治立场是极左翼。该党的青年翼是青年反叛联盟。它是马列主义政党和组织国际会议 (团结和斗争)的成员。由于该党没有注册，原先通过社会主义和自由党参加选举；2019年，该党成员组建的外围政党人民团结成为注册政党，遂转而以其名义参加选举。
美洲共产党
巴西政党
霍查主义政党
共产主义武装组织 |
The Kingdom of Sardinia is a term used to denote the Savoyard state from 1720 until 1861, which united the island of Sardinia with the mainland possessions of the House of Savoy. Before 1847, only the island of Sardinia proper was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, while the other mainland possessions (principally the Duchy of Savoy, Principality of Piedmont, County of Nice, Duchy of Genoa and others) were held by the Savoys in their own right, hence forming a composite monarchy and a personal union which was formally referred to as the "States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia". This situation was changed by the Perfect Fusion act of 1847, which created a unitary kingdom. Due to the fact that Piedmont was the seat of power and prominent part of the entity, the state is also referred to as Sardinia-Piedmont or Piedmont-Sardinia and sometimes erroneously as the Kingdom of Piedmont.
Before becoming a possession of the House of Savoy, the medieval Kingdom of Sardinia had been part of the Crown of Aragon and then of the burgeoning Spanish Empire. With the 1720 Treaty of The Hague, the island of Sardinia and its title of Kingdom were ceded by the Habsburg and Bourbon claimants to the Spanish throne to the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II. The Savoyards united it with their historical possessions on the Italian peninsula, and the kingdom came to be progressively identified with the peninsular states, which included, besides Savoy and Aosta, dynastic possessions like the Principality of Piedmont and the County of Nice, over both of which the Savoyards had been exercising their control since the 13th century and 1388, respectively.
Under Savoyard rule, the kingdom's government, ruling class, cultural models and center of population were entirely situated in the peninsula. The island of Sardinia had always been of secondary importance to the monarchy. While the capital of the island of Sardinia and the seat of its viceroys had always been de jure Cagliari, it was the Piedmontese city of Turin, the capital of Savoy since the mid 16th century, which was the de facto seat of power. This situation would be conferred official status with the Perfect Fusion of 1847, when all the kingdom's governmental institutions would be centralized in Turin.
When the peninsular domains of the House of Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by Napoleonic France, the king of Sardinia temporarily resided on the island for the first time in Sardinia's history under Savoyard rule. The Congress of Vienna (1814–15), which restructured Europe after Napoleon's defeat, returned to Savoy its peninsular possessions and augmented them with Liguria, taken from the Republic of Genoa. Following Geneva's accession to Switzerland, the Treaty of Turin (1816) transferred Carouge and adjacent areas to the newly-created Swiss Canton of Geneva. In 1847–48, through an act of Union analogous to the one between Great Britain and Ireland, the various Savoyard states were unified under one legal system with their capital in Turin, and granted a constitution, the Statuto Albertino.
By the time of the Crimean War in 1853, the Savoyards had built the kingdom into a strong power. There followed the annexation of Lombardy (1859), the central Italian states and the Two Sicilies (1860), Venetia (1866), and the Papal States (1870). On 17 March 1861, to more accurately reflect its new geographic, cultural and political extent, the Kingdom of Sardinia changed its name to the Kingdom of Italy, and its capital was eventually moved first to Florence and then to Rome. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia was thus the legal predecessor of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day Italian Republic.
Terminology
The Kingdom of Sardinia was the title with the highest rank among the territories possessed by the House of Savoy, and hence this title was and still is used often to indicate the whole of their possessions. In reality, the Savoys ruled not a unitary state, but a complex array of different entities and titles with different institutional, cultural, and legal backgrounds. These included for example the Duchy of Savoy, Duchy of Aosta, Principality of Piedmont, and county of Nice, which were distinct and not juridically part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which included only the island of Sardinia itself. The Savoys themselves referred to their possessions as a whole as "the States of the King of Sardinia" (Italian: "gli Stati del Re di Sardegna"). Today, historians use the term Savoyard state to indicate this entity, which is an example of composite monarchy where many different and distinct territories are united in a personal union by having the same ruler.
The situation changed with the Perfect Fusion of 1847, an act of the Savoyard king Charles Albert of Sardinia which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states and the island of Sardinia, creating a unitary kingdom.
History
Early history of Savoy
During the 3rd century BC, the Allobroges settled down in the region between the Rhône and the Alps. This region, named Allobrigia and later "Sapaudia" in Latin, was integrated to the Roman Empire. In the 5th century, the region of Savoy was ceded by the Western Roman Empire to the Burgundians and became part of the Kingdom of Burgundy.
Piedmont was inhabited in early historic times by Celto-Ligurian tribes such as the Taurini and the Salassi. They later submitted to the Romans (), who founded several colonies there including Augusta Taurinorum (Turin) and Eporedia (Ivrea). After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was repeatedly invaded by the Burgundians, the Goths (5th century), Byzantines, Lombards (6th century), and the Franks (773). At the time, what is known today as Piedmont, as part of the Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire, was subdivided into several marks and counties.
In 1046, Oddo of Savoy added Piedmont to their main segment of Savoy, with a capital at Chambéry (now in France). Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful communes of Asti and Alessandria, and the marquisates of Saluzzo and Montferrat. The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy in 1416, and Duke Emmanuel Philibert moved the seat to Turin in 1563.
Exchange of Sardinia for Sicily
The Spanish domination of Sardinia ended at the beginning of the 18th century, as a result of the War of the Spanish succession. By the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, Spain's European empire was divided: Savoy received Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan, while Charles VI (the Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria), received the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan.
During the War of the Quadruple Alliance, Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and Prince of Piedmont (and now King of Sicily too), had to agree to yield Sicily to the Austrian Habsburgs and receive Sardinia in exchange. The exchange was formally ratified in the Treaty of The Hague of 17 February 1720. Because the Kingdom of Sardinia had existed since the 14th century, the exchange allowed Victor Amadeus to retain the title of king in spite of the loss of Sicily.
Victor Amadeus initially resisted the exchange, and until 1723 continued to style himself King of Sicily rather than King of Sardinia. The state took the official title of Kingdom of Sardinia, Cyprus and Jerusalem, as the house of Savoy still claimed the thrones of Cyprus and Jerusalem, although both had long been under Ottoman rule.
In 1767–1769, Charles Emmanuel III annexed the Maddalena archipelago in the Strait of Bonifacio from the Republic of Genoa and claimed it as part of Corsica. Since then the archipelago has been a part of the Sardinian region.
Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna
In 1792, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the other states of the Savoy Crown joined the First Coalition against the French First Republic, but was beaten in 1796 by Napoleon and forced to conclude the disadvantageous Treaty of Paris (1796), giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798 Joubert occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel IV to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. The provisionary government voted to unite Piedmont with France. In 1799 the Austro-Russians briefly occupied the city, but with the Battle of Marengo (1800), the French regained control. The island of Sardinia, having defeated the armies of the French expedition to Sardinia without the royal army's help, stayed out of the reach of the French for the rest of the war.
The refusal by the Savoyards of recognizing the Sardinian's rights and representaion in government caused the Sardinian Vespers (also known as the "Three years of revolution") started by ("the day of the pursuit and capture"), commemorated today as Sa die de sa Sardigna, when people in Cagliari started chasing any Piedmontese functionaries they could find and expelled them from the island. Thus, Sardinia became the first European country to have engaged in a revolution of its own, the episode not being the result of a foreign military importation like in most of Europe.
In 1814, the Crown of Savoy enlarged its territories with the addition of the former Republic of Genoa, now a duchy, and it served as a buffer state against France. This was confirmed by the Congress of Vienna, which returned the region of Savoy to its borders after it had been annexed by France in 1792. By the Treaty of Stupinigi, the Kingdom of Sardinia extended its protectorate over the Principality of Monaco.
In the reaction after Napoleon, the country was ruled by conservative monarchs: Victor Emmanuel I (1802–21), Charles Felix (1821–31) and Charles Albert (1831–49), who fought at the head of a contingent of his own troops at the Battle of Trocadero, which set the reactionary Ferdinand VII on the Spanish throne. Victor Emanuel I disbanded the entire Code Napoléon and returned the lands and power to the nobility and the Church. This reactionary policy went as far as discouraging the use of roads built by the French. These changes typified Sardinia.
The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward. A constitution, the Statuto Albertino, was enacted in the year of revolutions, 1848 under liberal pressure. In the same year the island of Sardinia, a Piedmontese dependency for more than a century, lost its own residual autonomy to the peninsula through the so-called Perfect fusion issued by Charles Albert; as a result, the kingdom's fundamental institutions were deeply transformed, assuming the shape of a constitutional and centralized monarchy on the French model; under the same pressure, Charles Albert declared war on Austria. After initial success, the war took a turn for the worse and Charles Albert was defeated by Marshal Radetzky at the Battle of Custozza (1848).
Savoyard struggle for the Italian unification
Like all the various duchies and city-states on the Apennine peninsula and associated islands, the Kingdom of Sardinia was troubled with political instability under alternating governments. After a short and disastrous renewal of the war with Austria in 1849, Charles Albert abdicated on 23 March 1849 in favour of his son Victor Emmanuel II.
In 1852, a liberal ministry under Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was installed and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the engine driving Italian unification. The Kingdom of Sardinia took part in the Crimean War, allied with the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and France, and fighting against Russia.
In 1859, France sided with the Kingdom of Sardinia in a war against Austria, the Austro-Sardinian War. Napoleon III did not keep his promises to Cavour to fight until all of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia had been conquered. Following the bloody battles of Magenta and Solferino, both French victories, Napoleon thought the war too costly to continue and made a separate peace behind Cavour's back in which only Lombardy would be ceded.
Due to the Austrian government's refusal to cede any lands to the Kingdom of Sardinia, they agreed to cede Lombardy to Napoleon, who in turn then ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia to avoid "embarrassing" the defeated Austrians. Cavour angrily resigned from office when it became clear that Victor Emmanuel would accept this arrangement.
Garibaldi and the Thousand
On 5 March 1860, Piacenza, Parma, Tuscany, Modena, and Romagna voted in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. This alarmed Napoleon, who feared a strong Savoyard state on his south-eastern border and he insisted that if the Kingdom of Sardinia were to keep the new acquisitions they would have to cede Savoy and Nice to France. This was done through the Treaty of Turin, which also called for referendums to confirm the annexation. Subsequently, somewhat controversial referendums showed over 99.5% majorities in both areas in favour of joining France.
In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi started his campaign to conquer the southern Apennines in the name of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He quickly toppled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was the largest of the states in the region, stretching from Abruzzo and Naples on the peninsula to Messina and Palermo on Sicily. He then marched to Gaeta in the central peninsula. Cavour was satisfied with the unification, while Garibaldi, who was too revolutionary for the king and his prime minister, wanted to conquer Rome as well.
Garibaldi was disappointed in this development, as well as in the loss of his home province, Nice, to France. He also failed to fulfill the promises that had gained him popular and military support by the Sicilians: that the new nation would be a republic, not a kingdom, and that the Sicilians would see great economic gains after unification. The former did not come to pass until 1946.
Towards the Kingdom of Italy
On 17 March 1861, law no. 4671 of the Sardinian Parliament proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, so ratifying the annexations of all other Apennine states, plus Sicily, to the Kingdom of Sardinia. The institutions and laws of the kingdom were quickly extended to all of Italy, abolishing the administrations of the other regions. Piedmont became the most dominant and wealthiest region in Italy and the capital of Piedmont, Turin, remained the Italian capital until 1865, when the capital was moved to Florence. But many revolts exploded throughout the peninsula, especially in southern Italy, and on the island of Sicily, because of the perceived unfair treatment of the south by the Piedmontese ruling class. The House of Savoy ruled Italy until 1946, when Italy was declared a republic by referendum. The result was 54.3% in favor of the Republic.
Economy
Major progress in the economy was achieved during the government of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour. Cavour believed that economic progress had to precede political change, and stressed the advantages of railroad construction in the peninsula. He was a strong supporter of transportation by steam engine, sponsoring the building of many railroads and canals. Between 1838 and 1842 Cavour began several initiatives in attempts to solve economic problems in his area. He experimented with different agricultural techniques on his estate, such as growing sugar beets, and was one of the first Italian landowners to use chemical fertilizers. He also founded the Piedmontese Agricultural Society.
Currency
The currency in use in Savoy was the Piedmontese scudo. During the Napoleonic era, it was replaced in general circulation by the French franc. In 1816, after regaining their peninsular domains, the scudo was replaced by the Sardinian lira, which in 1821 also replaced the Sardinian scudo, the coins that had been in use on the island throughout the period.
Government
Before 1847, only the island of Sardinia proper was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, while the other mainland possessions (principally the Duchy of Savoy, Principality of Piedmont, County of Nice, Duchy of Genoa and others) were held by the Savoys in their own right, hence forming a composite monarchy and a personal union which was formally referred to as the "States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia", such as in the documents of the Congress of Vienna.
The Perfect Fusion (Fusione perfetta) was the 1847 act of the Savoyard king Charles Albert of Sardinia which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states (Savoy and Piedmont) and the island of Sardinia, in a fashion similar to the Nueva Planta decrees between the Crown of Castile and the realms of the Crown of Aragon between 1707 and 1716 and the Acts of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800.
In 1848, king Charles Albert granted the Statuto Albertino, which functioned as the constitution of the state. The Statute was proclaimed only because of concern at the revolutionary insurrection agitating Italy in 1848. At the time, Charles Albert was only following the example of other Italian rulers, but his Statute was the only constitution to survive the repression that followed the First War of Independence (1848–49). The Statute remained the basis of the legal system after Italian unification was achieved in 1860 and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy. Even though it suffered deep modifications, especially during the fascist government of Benito Mussolini (who ruled with the tacit approval of King Victor Emmanuel III), the Statute lasted mostly unaltered in the structure until the implementation of the republican constitution in 1948, which superseded several primary features of the document, with specific regard to those of monarchical nature.
The head of state was the King of Sardinia, while the head of the government was the Prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Military
The Royal Sardinian Army and the Royal Sardinian Navy functioned as the military of Kingdom of Sardinia until they became the Royal Italian Army on 4 May 1861 and the Regia Marina on 17 March 1861.
Flags, royal standards and coats of arms
When the Duchy of Savoy acquired the Kingdom of Sicily in 1713 and the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1723, the flag of Savoy became the flag of a naval power. This posed the problem that the same flag was already in use by the Knights of Malta. Because of this, the Savoyards modified their flag for use as a naval ensign in various ways, adding the letters FERT in the four cantons, or adding a blue border, or using a blue flag with the Savoy cross in one canton.
Eventually, King Charles Albert of Savoy adopted the "revolutionary" Italian tricolor, surmounted by the Savoyard shield, as his flag. This flag would later become the flag of the Kingdom of Italy, and the tricolor without the Savoyard escutcheon remains the flag of Italy.
References:
Maps
Territorial evolution of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1859 to 1860
See also
List of monarchs of Sardinia
List of viceroys of Sardinia
Spanish Empire
S'hymnu sardu nationale
Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
Notes and references
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
Antonicelli, Aldo. "From Galleys to Square Riggers: The modernization of the navy of the Kingdom of Sardinia." The Mariner's Mirror 102.2 (2016): 153–173 online.
Luttwak Edward, The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire, The Belknap Press, 2009,
Romani, Roberto. "The Reason of the Elites: Constitutional Moderatism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1861." in Sensibilities of the Risorgimento (Brill, 2018) pp. 192–244.
Romani, Roberto. "Reluctant Revolutionaries: Moderate Liberalism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1859." Historical Journal (2012): 45–73. online
Schena, Olivetta. "The role played by towns in parliamentary commissions in the kingdom of Sardinia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries." Parliaments, Estates and Representation 39.3 (2019): 304–315.
Smith, Denis Mack. Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento (Oxford UP, 1971) online.
old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859]; volume 2 online covers 1859–62
In Italian
AAVV. (a cura di F. Manconi), La società sarda in età spagnola, Cagliari, Consiglio Regionale della Sardegna, 2 voll., 1992-3
Blasco Ferrer Eduardo, Crestomazia Sarda dei primi secoli, collana Officina Linguistica, Ilisso, Nuoro, 2003,
Boscolo Alberto, La Sardegna bizantina e alto giudicale, Edizioni Della TorreCagliari 1978
Casula Francesco Cesare, La storia di Sardegna, Carlo Delfino Editore, Sassari, 1994,
Coroneo Roberto, Arte in Sardegna dal IV alla metà dell'XI secolo, edizioni AV, Cagliari, 2011
Coroneo Roberto, Scultura mediobizantina in Sardegna, Nuoro, Poliedro, 2000,
Gallinari Luciano, Il Giudicato di Cagliari tra XI e XIII secolo. Proposte di interpretazioni istituzionali, in Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea, n°5, 2010
Manconi Francesco, La Sardegna al tempo degli Asburgo, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2010,
Manconi Francesco, Una piccola provincia di un grande impero, CUEC, Cagliari, 2012,
Mastino Attilio, Storia della Sardegna Antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
Meloni Piero, La Sardegna Romana, Chiarella, Sassari, 1980
Motzo Bachisio Raimondo, Studi sui bizantini in Sardegna e sull'agiografia sarda, Deputazione di Storia Patria della Sardegna, Cagliari, 1987
Ortu Gian Giacomo, La Sardegna dei Giudici, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
Paulis Giulio, Lingua e cultura nella Sardegna bizantina: testimonianze linguistiche dell'influsso greco, Sassari, L'Asfodelo, 1983
Spanu Luigi, Cagliari nel seicento, Edizioni Castello, Cagliari, 1999
Zedda Corrado – Pinna Raimondo, La nascita dei Giudicati. Proposta per lo scioglimento di un enigma storiografico, in Archivio Storico Giuridico di Sassari, seconda serie, n° 12, 2007
Former countries in Europe
Viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire
1324 establishments in Europe
1861 disestablishments in Italy
States and territories established in 1324
States and territories disestablished in 1861
History of Sardinia
Former countries
Former monarchies of Europe
Island countries
Sardinia |
Gideon Schocken (Also spelled Gideon Shocken; ; December 28, 1919 – 1981) was a Haganah fighter, major in the British Army during World War II, and aluf (major general) in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). He served as the head of the Manpower Directorate from February 1956 to April 1961.
Biography
Gideon Schocken was born to Lily and Salman Schocken, the co-founder of Schocken Books, an established publishing company in Germany. He immigrated to Israel with his family in 1934, graduating from Gymnasia Rehavia the following year. In 1936, Schocken joined the Haganah, and in 1943 he passed the platoon commanders' course.
Schocken studied at Hebrew University and Oxford University. During World War II, he volunteered for the British Army, later serving in the Jewish Brigade fighting in North Africa and Italy. In 1946, he was discharged from the British Army as a major. Following the war, he went to the United States to help his father move their publishing business to New York.
By 1949, Schocken had returned to Israel, joining the IDF, where he was appointed the deputy head of the Manpower Directorate. He served as the head of staff of the Operations Directorate from 1953 until 1955, when he joined the Emergency Management division of the Office of the Prime Minister. On February 15, 1956, Schocken was appointed head of Manpower Directorate of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces with the rank of aluf mishne. He received the rank of aluf in May 1959.
Schocken retired at the end of his term in April 1961. After his military service, Schocken became the commissioner of the Israeli security forces under the office of the State Comptroller of Israel. He also became a member on the board of directors of Bank Leumi.
Schocken was an avid collector of modern and naïve art and photography. Among other things, he designed the first book covers of Franz Kafka's English publications.
Schocken died in 1981. His wife, Deborah Schocken is curator of art and founder of the Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art. Schocken had two daughters: Yael Miron and Tamar Schocken. Schocken's son, Shimon Schocken, is a professor of computer science at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya.
References
1919 births
1981 deaths
Israeli generals
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Haganah members
Jewish Brigade personnel |
30岁卵巢早衰严重吗？卵巢早衰（POF）是40岁以前卵巢中滤泡衰竭或医源性损伤引起的卵巢功能衰竭。它被称为POF。疾病的起因可能是遗传因素。自身免疫性疾病、医源性损伤，如放疗、化疗或新的、破坏性手术，导致卵巢供血不足和卵巢功能衰竭。这种情况是更年期超过半年或三次的基础上，原月经周期无月经，主要表现在以下症状：盗汗、睡眠不良是雌激素缺乏的原因。所以卵巢早衰不能像老年人那样治疗，但激素可以用来替代激素缺乏引起的各种症状。卵巢早衰是指40岁以前的妇女由于卵巢中滤泡耗尽或其他损伤而发生的卵巢早衰。主要引起雌激素水平低，促卵泡激素和黄体生成素异常升高。主要表现为继发性闭经，并伴有潮热、盗汗、情绪低落、易怒或失眠、耳鸣、围绝经期症状。同时，由于雌激素水平低，性欲下降，伴有阴道分泌物减少，甚至阴道干燥和不适。卵巢中的卵数在出生后不会增加，而且数目是固定的。因此，每个月月经时都有排卵，有大量的卵泡生长出来。如果卵泡已满，则会发生卵巢衰竭。通常，如果卵巢功能衰竭发生在40岁之前，则称为卵巢早衰。由于年龄较小，卵巢早衰发生在此时。为改善更年期症状，保护骨骼和心脏，避免因卵巢功能不全引起雌激素分泌减少而引起的并发症，需要激素替代疗法。因此，卵巢早衰不能恢复，只能用激素替代，延缓患者的衰老。30岁出现了卵巢早衰，一般来说不是一个很好的现象，因为它是卵巢本身的功能，所以现在如果我们发现卵巢早衰，我们只能用药物来治疗它。特别是对于那些没有结婚也没有孩子的人，有必要尽快调整。如果调整后有条件，最好建议尽快结婚，尽快生孩子。由于卵巢早衰的原因无法治愈，只能用药物维持，但也不一定有效，担心会越来越严重，最终影响生育情况。因此，一般来说，如果发现卵巢早衰，最重要的是建议早期治疗，促进卵泡排出，尽快生育，这是一种更安全的方法。 |
海灣鋸齒雀鯛（学名：），又名鋸雀鯛、厚殼仔、青紺仔，为雀鯛科鋸雀鯛屬下的一个种。其种加词“obtusirostris”意为“钝吻的”。
参考文献
H
H |
興化店，是新北市淡水區的一個地名，位於該區西北部，範圍大致與興仁里相近。
歷史
台灣清治末期至日治前期，興化店地區為一街庄，稱為「興化店庄」，隸屬於芝蘭三堡。該庄北與灰磘仔庄為鄰，東與蕃薯藔庄為鄰，南邊為頂圭柔山庄、下圭柔山庄，西邊臨海。
1901年（日治明治三十四年）11月，該庄隸屬於臺北廳，編入第二十八區。1906年（明治三十九年）1月，第二十五區、二十七區的部分街庄及第二十八區的全部街庄合併為「興化店區」，該庄屬之。1920年（大正九年），該庄改制為「興化店」大字，隸屬於臺北州淡水郡淡水街。
戰後淡水街改制為淡水鎮，隸屬於臺北縣，大字亦改制為里。2010年12月，臺北縣升格為新北市，淡水鎮亦改制為淡水區。
交通
省道台2線大致以南北向經過興化店地區中部，往北可前往三芝、石門、金山、萬里、基隆等地，往南轉東南可在竿蓁林接省道台2乙線前往北投、士林、台北市區，亦可接洲美快速道路、環河南北快速道路快速進入台北市區。
學校
興仁國小
參考文獻
淡水區
芝蘭三堡
淡水郡大字 |
王所乡，是曾經下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。2019年12月，撤销王所镇和六所镇，设立昌州街道，以原王所镇和原六所镇所属行政区域为昌州街道的行政区域。
行政区划
王所乡撤銷前下辖以下地区：
。
参考资料 |
Knarrevik or Knarrvika is a village in Øygarden municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located along the Byfjorden on the eastern coast of the island of Litlesotra, just north of the village of Straume. The western end of the Sotra Bridge lies at Knarrevik.
Statistics Norway groups Knarrevik and neighboring Straume together as one large urban area for statistical purposes. The urban area of Knarrevik/Straume has a population (2019) of 11,502 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Vestland
Øygarden
nl:Knarrevik/Straume |
Minnie Joycelyn Elders (born Minnie Lee Jones; August 13, 1933) is an American pediatrician and public health administrator who served as Surgeon General of the United States from 1993 to 1994. A vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, she was the second woman, second person of color, and first African American to serve as Surgeon General.
Elders is best known for her frank discussion of her views on controversial issues such as drug legalization, masturbation, and distributing contraception in schools. She was forced to resign in December 1994 amidst controversy as a result of her views. She is currently a professor emerita of pediatrics at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Early life and education
Elders was born Minnie Lee Jones in Schaal, Arkansas, to a poor, farm sharecropping family, and was the eldest of eight children, and valedictorian of her school class. The family also spent two years near a wartime shipyard in Richmond, California before returning to School. In college, she changed her name to Minnie Joycelyn Lee. In 1952, she received her B.S. degree in Biology from Philander Smith College in Little Rock, Arkansas, where she also pledged Delta Sigma Theta. She married briefly to Cornelius Reynolds, a Federal employee, and later to Oliver Elders, a basketball coach. After working as a nurse's aide in a Veterans Administration hospital in Milwaukee for a period, she joined the United States Army in May 1953 and became a 2nd Lieutenant. During her 3 years in the Army, she was trained as a physical therapist. She then attended the University of Arkansas Medical School, where she obtained her M.D. degree in 1960. After completing an internship at the University of Minnesota Hospital and a residency in pediatrics at the University of Arkansas Medical Center, Elders earned an M.S. in Biochemistry in 1967.
Director of Arkansas Department of Health
In 1987, then-governor Bill Clinton appointed Elders as Director of the Arkansas Department of Health, making her the first African-American woman in the state to hold this position. Some of her major accomplishments while in office include reducing the teen pregnancy rate by increasing the availability of birth control, counseling, and sex education at school-based clinics; a tenfold increase in early childhood screenings from 1988 to 1992 and a 24 percent rise in the immunization rate for two-year-olds; and an expansion of the availability of HIV testing and counseling services, breast cancer screenings, and better hospice care for the elderly. She also worked hard to promote the importance of sex education, proper hygiene, and prevention of substance abuse in public schools. In 1992, she was elected President of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officers.
Experiences with racism
Elders believed that opposition to her Surgeon General nomination was driven by sexism and racism. "Some people in the American Medical Association, a certain group of them, didn't even know that I was a physician. They were passing a resolution to say that from now on every Surgeon General must be a physician—which was a knock at me. ... They don't expect a black female to have accomplished what I have and to have done the things that I have."
During an interview, she was asked if she related to Shirley Chisholm's statement about feeling more oppressed as a woman than as an African American, and replied by saying, "I am who I am because I'm a black woman." Elders was able to be the voice for the African-American community and speak on poverty and its role in teenage pregnancy, which is a major issue within the community. Poor African-American teenage mothers are "captive to a slavery the 13th Amendment did not anticipate," which is a major reason why she stressed the importance of teaching sex education in public schools.
Views on sex education
As an endocrinologist, Elders was especially concerned with young diabetic women getting pregnant. If young teen women who have diabetes get pregnant, they have a high chance of their bodies rejecting the fetus or the fetus developing abnormalities in utero. To prevent these pregnancies from happening, she thoroughly talked to her patients about the dangers of early pregnancy and the importance of using contraceptives, and taking control of their sexuality as soon as they began puberty. Of the approximately 260 young diabetic women she treated, only one of them became pregnant.
Sex education for young African-American women
Elders strongly advocated sex and reproductive education, especially in African-American communities. She criticized older textbooks that said only white females had naturally regular periods, because white females were on birth control to regulate their periods. Black females did not readily seek out birth control because their "[black] ministers were up on the pulpit saying the birth control pills were black genocide." She was very vocal about her disgust with black men exploiting black women and stripping them of their reproductive health choices, because "If you can't control your reproduction, you can't control your life."
Surgeon General of the United States
Elders has received a National Institutes of Health career development award, also serving as assistant professor in pediatrics at the University of Arkansas Medical Center from 1967. She was promoted to associate professor in 1971 and professor in 1976. Her research interests focused on endocrinology, and she received board certification as a pediatric endocrinologist in 1978, becoming the first person in the state of Arkansas to do so. Elders received a D.Sc. degree from Bates College in 2002.
In January 1993, Bill Clinton appointed her as the United States Surgeon General, making her the first African American and the second woman (following Antonia Novello) to hold the position. At her confirmation hearing, Elders responded to criticism over an incident in which she decided not to notify the public that condoms her department had been distributing in Arkansas had been found to be defective, with a failure rate ten times the allowed rate. Elders said that "I don't know" whether the decision had been correct, but she had believed at the time that public disclosure could lead to a public loss of faith in the efficacy of condoms, which would have been the greater danger. She was a controversial choice and a strong backer of the Clinton health care plan, so she was not confirmed until September 7, 1993. As Surgeon General, Elders quickly established a reputation for being controversial. Like many of the Surgeons General before her, she was an outspoken advocate of a variety of health-related causes. She argued for an exploration of the possibility of drug legalization, and backed the distribution of contraceptives in schools. President Clinton stood by Elders, saying that she was misunderstood.
Views on drug legalization
Elders drew fire, as well as censure from the Clinton administration, when she suggested that legalizing drugs might help reduce crime and that the idea should be studied. On December 15, 1993, around one week after making these comments, charges were filed against her son Kevin for selling cocaine in an incident involving undercover officers four months prior. Elders believes the incident was a frame-up and the timing of the charges was designed to embarrass her and the president. Kevin Elders was convicted, and he was sentenced to 10 years in prison, of which he served four months. He appealed his conviction to the Arkansas Supreme Court, and that court affirmed the conviction. The court held that Elders failed to show that he was entrapped into making the narcotics sale. There was no further appeal.
Comments on abortion and masturbation
In January 1994 in the context of abortion, Elders said, "We really need to get over this love affair with the fetus and start worrying about children."
Later that year, she was invited to speak at a United Nations conference on AIDS. She was asked whether it would be appropriate to promote masturbation as a means of preventing young people from engaging in riskier forms of sexual activity, and she replied, "As per your specific question in regard to masturbation, I think that is something that is a part of human sexuality and it's a part of something that perhaps should be taught. But we've not even taught our children the very basics. And I feel that we have tried ignorance for a very long time and it's time we try education."
Resignation
Elders' comments on masturbation caused great controversy and resulted in Elders losing the support of the White House. Clinton's chief of staff, Leon Panetta, remarked, "There have been too many areas where the President does not agree with her views. This is just one too many." In December 1994, Elders was forced to resign by President Clinton. This led sex-positive retailer Good Vibrations in 1995 to proclaim May 28 as National Masturbation Day in honor of Elders' advocacy.
A collection of Elder's professional papers is held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.
Post-governmental activities
Since leaving her post as Surgeon General, Elders has returned to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences as professor of pediatrics, and is currently professor emerita at UAMS. She is a regular on the lecture circuit, speaking against teen pregnancy. She has appeared on TV in Penn and Teller: Bullshit! during the episode on abstinence, where she says that she considers abstinence-only programs to be child abuse and discusses her opinions on teenage sex education, masturbation and contraceptives. In 2009 Elders teamed up with the University of Minnesota to establish the nation’s first Chair in Sexual Health Education, a fund to attract and retain outstanding tenured sexual health education faculty in the Program in Human Sexuality at the University of Minnesota Medical School. She is interviewed in the 2013 documentary How to Lose Your Virginity on her opinions regarding comprehensive sex education versus abstinence-only sex education.
Elders was inducted into the Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame in 2016.
In 2015, Philander Smith College, Elders' alma mater, established the Dr. Joycelyn Elders School of Allied and Public Health.
In an October 15, 2010, article, she clearly voiced support for legalization of marijuana:
In 1997, Elders published a memoir.
She received a Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1991. She was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa as an honoris causa initiate at SUNY Plattsburgh in 1996.
See also
Sticky: A (Self) Love Story, a documentary on masturbation including an interview with Elders about her experience being asked to resign from the Clinton administration
References
Joycelyn Elders, M.D. by Dr. Joycelyn Elders and David Chanoff. Another Surgeon General's autobiography.
External links
Joycelyn Elders's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Video of Joycelyn Elders, from the AETN documentary on her
1933 births
Living people
African-American female military personnel
African-American women scientists
American scientists
American abortion-rights activists
American endocrinologists
Women endocrinologists
American pediatricians
Women pediatricians
Surgeons General of the United States
State cabinet secretaries of Arkansas
Women in Arkansas politics
Arkansas Democrats
Philander Smith College alumni
United States Army officers
University of Arkansas faculty
University of Arkansas alumni
Clinton administration personnel
American women physicians
United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps admirals
Women in the United States Army
Delta Sigma Theta members
American cannabis activists
African-American women physicians
20th-century African-American physicians
20th-century American physicians
21st-century American women
African-American United States Army personnel |
孕初期胎停育前兆反应是什么？在胚胎停止发育的前期，一般女性会感觉到有孕吐，妊辰反应以及会出现恶心，包括嗜睡等症状，而且还会出现腹痛，胎停还会出现流血，不要耽误病情，平时饮食要注意清淡，不要剧烈运动，要多注意营养的补充。胎停育是指胚胎发育到一个阶段发生了死亡而停止继续发育的现象。受精卵就像一颗种子，要经历一系列复杂而奇妙的过程，才会最终成长为一个健康的宝贝。如果，在最初的阶段，受精卵出现发育异常而自动终止了发育称之为“胚胎停育”，胚胎停育是自然流产前的阶段，胚胎停育后如果被母体自我保护性的排出体外称之为自然流产，如果排出失败而残留在宫腔内称之为稽留流产。如果发生胚胎停育，母体会出现一系列的改变以利其排出体外。首先是雌孕激素下降，机体对胚胎产生免疫排斥的效应，母体和胚胎之间的血管形成血栓发生离段，在这过过程中可能导致阴道出血。此时的出血表现我们称之为先兆流产，是胚胎要排出体外的信号。这需要和胚胎正常发育过程中的阴道出血相鉴别，胚胎正常发育过程中如果因为局部血管破裂可以表现为阴道出血，此时的出血不会导致胚胎排出体外因此不能称之为先兆流产。在胚胎排出的过程中会出现短暂的下腹疼痛。胚胎停育后早孕反应可以会减轻，但早孕反应本身就会因个体差异而不同，因此不能用早孕反应来判断胚胎发育。大多数孕妇胎儿停止发育后无明显症状，需通过激素检查结合早孕期超声检测明确诊断。到快孕直通车定点医院对症治疗，主要还是结合个人身体状况来做个针对性的检查，对症治疗。去当地正规的大医院咨询后进行检查治疗。 |
劉焯華（），廣東普寧人，曾任澳門立法會主席、全國人大代表。曾就读暨南大学社会学专业。
曾任
澳門特別行政區第四屆立法會主席（2009年至2013年）
澳門特別行政區第一、二、三屆立法會副主席（1999年至2009年）
澳門第三、四、五、六屆立法會議員（1984年至1999年）
第十、十一屆全國人大代表（2003年至2013年）
澳門特別行政區推薦法官獨立委員會主席
澳門工會聯合總會副會長
荣誉
中国勋章奖章
金莲花荣誉勋章（澳门特别行政区，2004年10月19日）
參考文獻
暨南大學校友
濠江中學校友
普宁人
Z
澳門立法會主席 |
Herman Fredrik Zeiner-Gundersen (4 July 1915, Helsinki – 13 October 2002, Bærum) was a general in the Norwegian Army. He served as Chief of Defence of Norway from 1972 to 1977.
Personal life
Zeiner-Gundersen was born in Helsinki, which was then part of the Russian Empire, to ship broker Herman Gundersen and Annette Zeiner-Henriksen, and grew up in Kristiania. He married Marit Pedersen in 1948. He resided at Blommenholm.
Career
Zeiner-Gundersen was a veteran of World War II. He served as an artillery officer during the Norwegian Campaign in April 1940. After the Norwegian surrender to the Germans, Zeiner-Gundersen traveled in 1941 via Sweden, the Soviet Union and China to Canada. After a stay there he joined the Norwegian military mission in New York. In April 1942 he crossed the Atlantic Ocean to Britain and served with the artillery battery of the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland.
He was Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 1977 to 1980.
Zeiner-Gundersen was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1977.
References
External links
1915 births
2002 deaths
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Norwegian Army generals
NATO military personnel
Chiefs of Defence (Norway) |
Assad Zaman is a British actor. He is known for his stage work and his roles in the BBC thriller Apple Tree Yard (2017), the period drama Hotel Portofino (2022–) and the AMC series Interview with the Vampire (2022–).
Early life
Zaman grew up in the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne. His parents had arrived in England from Bangladesh in the 1980s. Zaman trained at the Manchester School of Theatre, graduating in 2013 with a Bachelor of Arts in Acting.
Career
Zaman made his London stage debut in the 2014 National Theatre production of Behind the Beautiful Forevers. This was followed by his onscreen debut in an episode Russell T Davies' Cucumber on Channel 4. He went on tour with Ayub Khan Din's play East is East that same year.
In 2017, Zaman played Sathnam in the BBC One adaptation of Apple Tree Yard. He had in the stage adaptation of Zadie Smith's White Teeth at the Kiln Theatre in 2018, The Funeral Director on tour and A Doll's House at the Lyric in Hammersmith in 2019, and The Winter's Tale in 2020. He appeared in the Red, White and Blue installment of Steve McQueen's Small Axe anthology. He returned to East is East in 2021 at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. As of 2022, Zaman stars as Dr Anish Sengupta in the period drama Hotel Portofino and Armand in the AMC series Interview with the Vampire.
Filmography
Stage
References
External links
Assad Zaman at Spotlight
Living people
21st-century English male actors
Male actors from Newcastle upon Tyne
British male actors of Asian descent
English male stage actors
English people of Bangladeshi descent
Year of birth missing (living people) |
任達榮，CPM（，），祖籍廣東東莞常平鎮金美村，前警務處副處長，恆和珠寶集團有限公司非執行董事。演員任達華的兄長。
簡歷
任達榮於1972年成功投考加入皇家香港警務處，成為見習督察，及後曾經擔任多個崗位，包括有組織罪案及三合會調查科主管。
任達榮於1990年至1992年被借調至英國多實郡出任警司，於1992年晉升為高級警司，於1996年獲晉升為總警司，期間成為首位警察機動部隊華人暨本地校長。1998年，任達榮獲委任為警務處助理處長（人事），於2002年獲委任為警務處高級助理處長，兼任監管處處長，於2003年調任行動處處長。
2007年1月16日，任達榮獲委任為警務處副處長（行動），於2010年3月初開始退休前休假，由警務處副處長（管理）曾偉雄平調接任。
家庭
任達榮胞弟為著名香港演員任達華，其亡父任錦球為高級警目，於其41歲（1927年4月3日－1969年3月24日）時在血洗警輪案中殉職。
獲頒榮譽
（1990年）殖民地警察長期服務獎章
（1997年）殖民地警察勞績獎章
（1997年）香港警察長期服務獎章
（1997年）香港警察長期服務獎章加敘第一勳扣
（2002年）香港警察長期服務獎章加敘第二勳扣
（2005年）香港警察長期服務獎章加敘第三勳扣
（2005年）香港警察卓越獎章
（2006年）行政長官公共服務獎狀
（2010年）銀紫荊星章
注釋
參考資料
外部連結
簡歷
任姓
香港警務人員
任
香港商人
警察出身的商人 |
抬肩以助呼吸的诊断是什么？呼吸困难，抬肩以助呼吸的状态。 |
硫酸特布他林的用法用量？注意：同种药品可由于不同的包装规格有不同的用法或用量。本文只供参考。如果不确定，请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。成人：开始1-2周，每次1.25毫克（半片），一日2-3次。以后可加至每次2.5毫克（一片） ，一日3次。 儿童：每次每公斤体重0.065～0.075毫克，一日3次。 |
怀孕三个月怎么堕胎好？大部分的堕胎是在怀孕前十二个星期内进行的，胎儿仍然很小，可以用一个强力的抽吸器把他吸出，这个抽吸器的能力是普通家用吸尘机的二十五倍。这个方法叫做抽吸割除术，抽吸器的力量撕裂或者绞拧胎儿的身体，将肢体逐部撕开，直至只剩下头部来。胎儿的头部太大，不能从吸管中通过，所以堕胎的人需要用钳子插入子宫内，攫获这个单独漂浮的头部，然后将它钳碎，直至能够通过抽吸管，那么头部也就被挪走。其他方法另一个堕胎方法是盐水法，就是盐毒法，是用在怀孕第四到第七个月，是1970年代最常用的方法。这个手术是用一支三吋半到四吋的针，从母亲的腹壁插到羊膜囊中，抽出200mm的羊水，然后以一种强度的浓盐水替换。在这个程序中，胎儿是把盐吞掉，在盐中「呼吸」，基本上，胎儿全身的皮肤被盐熨伤，慢慢被毒死，于是母亲开始分娩，排出一个死的、烧伤了的和枯萎的婴儿。偶尔有些婴儿在这个手续中幸存，生下来就有严重的并发症，因为在这个过程中，婴儿的组织和器官都因出血而破坏，动脉静脉破裂而在身上留下巨大的青肿。用前列腺素激发：前列腺素包含一些荷尔蒙类的化合物，当被注射或使用在子宫肌的时候，可以损坏胎儿的血液循环，剧烈的收缩，然后被排出。因为前列腺素不是对未诞生的胎儿直接有毒，这样的堕胎方法结果比盐水法产生更多因打胎失败而出生的胎儿。打胎失败使医药工作者等人员十分麻烦，尤其是母亲：婴儿为生存奋斗，喘不过气来，到处抽动乱移。还有一个办法，叫做子宫切除术，用在怀孕六到八个月期间，这个办法和剖腹产术只有一个不同之处，整个手术是为了终止婴儿的存活，不是为了维持婴儿的存活。这个手术是把肚子切开，直入子宫，取出婴儿，不照顾婴儿，让婴儿死去，或者早在母亲体内先勒死婴儿（婴儿是不能在子宫外被勒死的）。如果不想要孩子的话，可以采取安全的措施，避免后悔莫及，怀孕三个月可以堕胎，是需要住院做人流手术，首先需要吃药物再进行清宫。 |
The following list details all of the major goalkicking records relating specifically to Essendon Football Club, including season highs, career highs, and game highs for both the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League) and AFL Women's, as well as the club's pre-VFL/AFL records. The AFL's annual leading goalkicker award, the Coleman Medal, is named after Essendon's John Coleman. At the 2009 Essendon Best & Fairest awards night, outgoing CEO Peter Jackson announced that the Essendon leading goalkicker medal would be named the Matthew Lloyd Medal in honour of the recently retired Matthew Lloyd. This is sometimes referred to as the Matthew Lloyd Leading Goalkicker Award.
Leading goalkickers by season
The following is a list of Essendon leading goalkickers in each season.
Pre-VFA era
VFA era
VFL/AFL era
Multiple leading goalkickers
Leading career goalkickers for Essendon
Most goals in a game
AFL Women's
Leading goalkickers by season
See also
Coleman Medal
VFL/AFL goalkicking records
List of Essendon Football Club honours
Essendon Football Club#Honours
References
Sources
Essendon Club Honours
ESSENDON - MOST GOALS
ESSENDON - MOST GOALS IN A MATCH
https://afltables.com/afl/teams/essendon/leadinggk.html
https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/leadinggk.html
Goalkickers
Essendon Football Club goalkickers
Essendon Football Club goalkickers |
让·维基（，），瑞士男子雪车运动员，1960年开始接触雪车。他曾代表瑞士参加1968年和1972年冬季奥林匹克运动会雪车比赛，获得一枚金牌和二枚铜牌。
参考资料
瑞士男子雪车运动员
瑞士奥运雪车运动员
1968年冬季奥林匹克运动会雪车运动员
1972年冬季奥林匹克运动会雪车运动员
1968年冬季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
1972年冬季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奥林匹克运动会雪车奖牌得主
瑞士奧林匹克運動會銅牌得主
瑞士奧林匹克運動會金牌得主 |
芦荟花该如何采收储藏？全年可采。割取叶片，收集其流出的液汁，置锅内熬成稠膏，倾入容器，冷却凝固。分布情况形态特征：芦荟是一种肉多生常绿多肉质草本植物。历史悠久，早在古埃及时代，其药效便被人们接受、认可，称其为“神秘的植物”。 芦荟是百合科植物。叶簇生，呈座状或生于茎顶，叶常披针形或叶短宽，边缘有尖齿状刺。花序为伞形、总状、穗状、圆锥形等，色呈红、黄或具赤色斑点，花瓣六片、雌蕊六枚。花被基部多连合成筒状。 |
输卵管超声造影和放射造影区别？输卵管造影是将碘造影剂直接由子宫颈管注入子宫腔，经子宫腔到输卵管，在X线透视下，了解子宫腔和输卵管腔通畅情况。共摄片2次，在造影剂显示子宫和输卵管情况后摄片，次日再摄片观察输卵管通畅程度和盆腔造影剂分布情况。那么，输卵管超声造影和放射造影区别是什么呢?我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。超声子宫输卵管造影术，它的损伤相对来说比较小，它可以对输卵管堵塞作出准确的诊断，而且是有非常好的治疗效果的，和放射造影术相比较患者是更不会受到射线对我们人体的伤害的，但是在使用超声输卵管造影术之前患者首先要符合超声输卵管造影术的适应症的，不然是会得不到正确的检查结果，甚至是会出现检查结果，根本就无效的情况。输卵管碘油造影术，这个手术可以检查出到底有没有堵塞和堵塞的程度和具体位置，做这个手术不用住院，如果是轻微的堵塞，这种手术本身也可以起到治疗的作用。放射造影，是在放射诊断学中，通过摄入含原子序数高的元素的物质，然后在欲诊断的体内部位摄取放射照片以供医学诊断。对缺乏自然对比的结构或器官，可将密度高于或低于该结构或器官的物质引入器官内或其周围间隙，使之产生对比显影。输卵管放射造影是将造影剂注入子宫和输卵管，在X光机的透视下监视进行。这样就会造成机体吸收一些X线。但是，瞬时X线照射所造成的损害是轻微的和可逆的。进行常规X线检查，务必关注防护，但无须恐惧。输卵管放射造影检查为碘造影剂，40%碘化油密度大，显影效果好，但刺激性大，术后腹痛重，有时引起化学性腹膜炎，检查时间长，吸收慢，易引起异物反应，形成肉芽肿，如多量进入静脉，有引起油栓的危险。 |
伍佰的LIVE-枉費青春是伍佰&China Blue於1995年7月20日所發行的現場錄音專輯。此專輯銷量突破五十萬，為台灣現場專輯漸漸出現的開端。
專輯曲目
得獎紀錄
中華音樂人交流協會
參考資料
伍佰&China Blue音樂專輯
1995年臺灣音樂專輯
中華音樂人交流協會十大專輯獲獎作品 |
International Classification of Goods and Services also known as the Nice Classification was established by the Nice Agreement (1957), is a system of classifying goods and services for the purpose of registering trademarks. It is updated every five years and its latest 11th version of the system groups products into 45 classes (classes 1-34 include goods and classes 35-45 embrace services), and allows users seeking to trademark a good or service to choose from these classes as appropriate. Since the system is recognized in numerous countries, this makes applying for trademarks internationally a more streamlined process. The classification system is specified by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
History of the Nice Classification
The Nice Classification is based on a multilateral treaty administered by WIPO.
This treaty, consummated on 15 June 1957 in Nice, France, is called the "Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification
of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks".
This Classification is commonly referred to as the "Nice Classification". The Nice Agreement is open to states who are parties to the "Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property".
Contracting states
The following is a list of states with their date of accession and ratification.
Albania (2003)
Algeria (1972)
Argentina (2007)
Armenia (2004)
Australia (1972)
Austria (1973)
Azerbaijan (2003)
Bahrain (2005)
Barbados (1984)
Belarus (1998)
Belgium (1974)
Benin (1978)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993)
Bulgaria (2000)
Canada (2019)
Chile
China (1994)
Croatia (1992)
Cuba (1995)
Czech Republic (1970)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1997)
Denmark (1970)
Dominica (2000)
Egypt (2005)
Estonia (1996)
Finland (1973)
France ()
Georgia (2002)
Germany (1970)
Greece ()
Guinea (1996)
Hungary (1970)
Iceland (1995)
Ireland (1968)
Israel (1969)
India (2019)
Italy (1977)
Jamaica (2005)
Japan (1989)
Kazakhstan (2002)
Kyrgyzstan (1998)
Latvia (1994)
Lebanon ()
Liechtenstein (1972)
Lithuania (1996)
Luxembourg (1974)
Malawi (1995)
Malaysia (2007)
Mexico (2000)
Moldova (1997)
Monaco (1975)
Mongolia (2001)
Montenegro (2006)
Morocco (1975)
Mozambique (2001)
Netherlands (1979)
New Zealand (2013)
Norway (1970)
Paraguay (2021)
Peru (2022)
Philippines ()
Poland (1996)
Portugal (1982)
Republic of Korea (1998)
Republic of Macedonia (1993);
Romania (1998)
Russian Federation (1992)
Saint Kitts and Nevis (2005)
Saint Lucia (2000)
Saudi Arabia (2021)
Serbia (2006)
Singapore (1998)
Sint Maarten ()
Slovakia (1993)
Slovenia (1992)
Spain (1979)
Suriname (1981)
Sweden (1969)
Switzerland (1970)
Syrian Arab Republic (2004)
Tajikistan (1994)
Trinidad and Tobago (1995)
Tunisia ()
Turkey (1995)
Turkmenistan (2006)
Ukraine (2000)
United Arab Emirates (2022)
United Kingdom (1979)
United Republic of Tanzania (1999)
United States of America (1972)
Uruguay (1999)
Uzbekistan (2001)
Application
The trademark offices of the nations signatory to the Nice Agreement agree to employ the designated classification codes in their official documents and publications.
Advantages and uniqueness of the Nice Classification
Use of the Nice Classification by national offices has the advantage that trademark applications are coordinated with reference to a single classification system. Filing is thereby greatly simplified, as the goods and services to which a given mark applies will be classified the same in all countries that have adopted the system. That the Nice Classification exists in several languages also saves applicants a considerable amount of work when filing internationally.
Worldwide use
As of January 2014, there were 84 signatory nations to the Nice Agreement; these countries have officially adopted the Nice Classification and apply it in the registration of trademarks. In addition, 65 non-member countries, four organizations and the International Bureau of WIPO also use the Nice Classification.
Updating the treaty
The Nice Classification is continuously revised by a "Committee of Experts", whose membership is representative of all signatory states, and a new edition is published every five years. The current (eleventh) edition has been in effect since 1 January 2017.
List of Classes (11th edition)
GOODS
Class 1 Chemicals used in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics; manures; fire extinguishing compositions; tempering and soldering preparations; chemical substances for preserving foodstuffs; tanning substances; adhesives used in industry
Class 2 Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; colorants; mordants; raw natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art
Class 3 Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; non-medicated soaps; perfumery, essential oils, non-medicated cosmetics, non-medicated hair lotions; non-medicated dentifrices
Class 4 Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels (including motor spirit) and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting
Class 5 Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; dietary supplements for humans and animals; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides
Class 6 Common metals and their alloys, ores; metal building materials for building and construction; transportable buildings of metal; materials of metal for railway tracks; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; ironmongery, small items of metal hardware; pipes and tubes of metal;metal containers for storage or transport; safes;; ores
Class 7 Machines and machine tools; motors and engines (except for land vehicles); machine coupling and transmission components (except for land vehicles); agricultural implements other than hand-operated; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines
Class 8 Hand tools and implements (hand-operated); cutlery; side arms; razors
Class 9 Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers; computer software; fire-extinguishing apparatus
Class 10 Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials; therapeutic and assistive devices adapted for the disabled; massage apparatus; apparatus, devices and articles for nursing infants; sexual activity apparatus, devices and articles
Class 11 Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes
Class 12 Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water
Class 13 Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fireworks
Class 14 Precious metals and their alloys; jewellery, precious and semi-precious stones; horological and chronometric instruments
Class 15 Musical instruments
Class 16 Paper and cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery and office requisites, except furniture; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists’ and drawing materials; paintbrushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching materials (except apparatus); plastic materials forsheets, films and bags for wrapping and packaging; printers’ type,; printing blocks
Class 17 Unprocessed and semi-processed rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and substitutes for all these materials; plastics and resins in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal
Class 18 Leather and imitations of leather; animal skins, and hides; trunks and travellingluggage and carrying bags; umbrellas and parasols; walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; collars, leashes and clothing for animals
Class 19 Building materials (non-metallic); non-metallic rigid pipes for building; asphalt, pitch and bitumen; non-metallic transportable buildings; monuments, not of metal
Class 20 Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; containers, not of metal, for storage or transport; unworked or semi-worked bone, horn, ivory, whalebone or mother-of-pearl; shells; meerschaum; yellow amber
Class 21 Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; brushes, (except paintbrushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass, (except building glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware
Class 22 Ropes and string; nets; tents, awnings, and tarpaulins; awnings of textile or synthetic materials; sails; sacks for the transport and storage of materials in bulk; padding, cushioning and stuffing materials, (except of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastics); raw fibrous textile materials and substitutes therefor
Class 23 Yarns and threads, for textile use
Class 24 Textiles and substitutes for textiles; bed covers; table covershousehold linen; curtains of textile or plastic
Class 25 Clothing, footwear, headgear
Class 26 Lace and embroidery, ribbons and braid; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers; hair decorations; false hair
Class 27 Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings (non-textile)
Class 28 Games, toys and playthings; video game apparatus; gymnastic and sporting articles; decorations for Christmas trees
Class 29 Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs; milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
Class 30 Coffee, tea, cocoa and artificial coffee; rice; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastries and confectionery; edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt; mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
Class 31 Raw and unprocessed agricultural, aquacultural, horticultural and forestry products; raw and unprocessed grains and seeds; fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh herbs; natural plants and flowers; bulbs, seedlings and seeds for planting; live animals; foodstuffs and beverages for animals; malt
Class 32 Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic beverages; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages
Class 33 Alcoholic beverages (except beers)
Class 34 Tobacco; smokers’ articles; matches
SERVICES
Class 35 Advertising; business management; business administration; office functions
Class 36 Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs
Class 37 Building construction; repair; installation services
Class 38 Telecommunications
Class 39 Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement
Class 40 Treatment of materials
Class 41 Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities
Class 42 Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
Class 43 Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation
Class 44 Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, horticulture and forestry services
Class 45 Legal services; security services for the physical protection of tangible property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals
See also
Madrid System
World Intellectual Property Organization
References
External links
Nice Agreement in the WIPO Lex database — official website of WIPO.
The full text of the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (as amended on September 28, 1979)
MKTU.info - Class Search Tool
Trademark law
Intellectual property treaties
Treaties concluded in 1957
World Intellectual Property Organization treaties
Treaties entered into force in 1961
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of Azerbaijan
Treaties of Bahrain
Treaties of Barbados
Treaties of Belarus
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Bulgaria
Treaties of the People's Republic of China
Treaties of Croatia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of North Korea
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of Dominica
Treaties of Egypt
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of France
Treaties of Georgia (country)
Treaties of West Germany
Treaties of Greece
Treaties of Guinea
Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
Treaties of Iceland
Treaties of Ireland
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Jamaica
Treaties of Japan
Treaties of Kazakhstan
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Jordan
Treaties of Lebanon
Treaties of Liechtenstein
Treaties of Lithuania
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Malawi
Treaties of Malaysia
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Monaco
Treaties of Mongolia
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of Morocco
Treaties of Mozambique
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Poland
Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)
Treaties of South Korea
Treaties of Moldova
Treaties of Romania
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Treaties of Saint Lucia
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Singapore
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of Francoist Spain
Treaties of Suriname
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Syria
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Tunisia
Treaties of Turkmenistan
Treaties of Ukraine
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of Tanzania
Treaties of the United States
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Uzbekistan
Treaties of Yugoslavia
Treaties extended to Aruba |
丹郁骨康丸禁忌症是什么？患有严重的原发性心、肺、肝、肾疾病者及孕妇忌服。 |
病毒性肝损伤吃什么好？肝损伤的患者尽量要减少肝脏功能的负担，建议吃一些易消化的食物，清淡饮食，少食多餐，少吃动物性的脂肪、甜食，不要吃生冷、辛辣的食物，多吃蔬菜水果等增加一些维生素和微量元素。避免熬夜，少喝酒。可以喝牛奶；吃芝麻、葡萄、鸡蛋、胡萝卜等。近些年来，我国肝病患者中，药物性肝损伤患者所占比例在不断增加，已经仅次于病毒性肝炎和脂肪性肝病。据相关数据显示，在急性肝损伤住院患者中，约20%是由药物性肝损伤引起的。常见的哪些药物的杀伤力较大？我们又该如何保护肝脏呢？1部分传统中药我国属于中草药及其制剂应用大国，中草药引起的药物性肝损伤也相对较多。据《凤凰周刊》的大陆中草药肝损伤调查显示：中草药是导致中国药物性肝损伤的第二大原因。中药因其成分复杂，一些含有伤肝成分的中草药易被误用，如何首乌、雷公藤、麻黄、银杏叶等。而相比中草药本身带有的毒性，更危险的其实是越来越多的人自行使用中药，不懂中医辩证，用药不当，造成损伤；再加上一些中草药的外形或名字相似，容易发生“张冠李戴”的错误，若再使用错误的制作方法，情况则更为严重。2部分西药有些西药成分会直接对肝脏造成损伤，还有一些是药物代谢物干扰或阻断了肝细胞代谢途径或胆汁排泄功能，间接对肝脏造成损害。①抗结核药有数据统计，导致药物性肝损伤的药物中抗结核药约占了21.99%！在抗结核治疗中出现肝损伤的相关药物有利福平、异烟肼、氨硫脲等，它们不仅可能会干扰肝细胞代谢过程，还可能损害肝细胞基本结构。②抗肿瘤药或免疫调整剂大部分抗肿瘤药物都是通过免疫对抗达到杀灭肿瘤的作用的，这种治疗手段很容易伤害人体自身免疫系统，并对人体器官造成损害，尤其是肝肾损害更甚。 |
横滨市营地铁（）是日本横滨市交通局经营的地铁。在橫濱市的相關條例中正式名稱為横滨市高速铁道的該系統，共擁有總長53.4公里的2條路線，與40座車站，服務範圍除涵蓋橫濱市18個行政區中的11個之外，也在隔鄰的藤澤市設有一座車站（），並有延伸至川崎市麻生區（新百合丘站）的計劃。
路線列表
线网图
关联项目
日本的地铁系统
外部連結
橫濱市交通局
横浜市營地下鐵的電子警笛聲（動畫）
橫濱地下鐵情報局
Yo
神奈川縣鐵路 |
男子无精症能治吗？患了无精症的男性朋友们都会为这个问题而感到烦恼，我们需要对这个病症有清晰的了解，才能讨论如何治疗。无精症是什么是我们首先需要了解知道的一件事。在男性的精液检查中，如果没有发现精子的存在，那么则可以诊断为无精症。一旦患上此疾病，就会影响男性的正常生育，引发男性不育。一旦发现男性有无精症，我们要尽早治疗。那么如何治疗无精症效果比较好呢?治疗无精症1、为了获得生育能力，几乎所有无精症患者要通过试管婴儿技术来完成。因此患者看病最好去能做试管婴儿的医院。治疗无精症2、无精症患者由于睾丸和输精管的发育不良，所以一定要选择正确的治疗方法。阴囊触诊(医生用手摸患者的阴囊进行检查)对于无精症是非常重要的。如果在诊治中，主治医生没有通过阴囊触诊就手术或开药，那可能要换一个医生了。治疗无精症3、因造成无精症的原因有很多，不过主要原因并不是精索静脉曲张，也不是前列腺炎。因此很多无精症本身有精索静脉曲张或者前列腺炎的患者，不需要在这两个方面做手术，也不要在此浪费过多的金钱和时间。治疗无精症4、有些夫妻在选择做试管婴儿之前，一定记得不要盲目地进行附睾穿刺。原因是什么呢?其实附睾穿刺是有影响的，会将输精管道破坏掉。导致无精症患者失去医治的机会。那么什么才是无精症的首选方法呢?其实首选诊断方法应该是睾丸活检。原因是通过睾丸活检能减少对睾丸的损伤。无精症对男性来说非常重要，我们只有清楚这些病症才能够把握准确的治疗时机，否则就会延误病情，通过本文有关于“如何治疗男性无精症效果好”的介绍，想必大家对于无精症的治疗也有了更多的了解了吧。小编在文章最后，还要给大家提个醒儿，治疗疾病一定要到正规医院进行，切勿相信偏方特效药或者是小诊所等不正规机构治疗哦。 |
The District School No. 1 is a historic one-room schoolhouse on Lake Road in Panton, Vermont. Built about 1818, the stone building is one of Vermont's oldest district schoolhouses. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Description and history
Panton's former district 1 schoolhouse stands at the junction of Lake and Spaulding Roads in the rural western portion of the town. It is a single-story structure, built out of locally quarried limestone. It measures , and is covered by a gabled roof. The window bays have tooled white marble sills and lintels, which contrast with the roughly finished gray stone walls. Triangular marble stones are also set at the peak of each gable. The interior of the building is a large single chamber, which has been much altered due to its 20th-century use as a chicken coop.
The school was built about 1818, the year the town divided its territory into four school districts. This school and the other district schools were built out of limestone quarried from outcrops found on the west side of Dead Creek. The school saw regular use into the first quarter of the 20th century, and was sold in 1932 to a local farmer. He converted it into a chicken coop. At the time of its listing on the National Register in 1980, it was vacant and in dilapidated condition.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Addison County, Vermont
References
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Addison County, Vermont
Buildings and structures completed in 1818
Buildings and structures in Panton, Vermont |
刚开始痔疮是什么感觉？痔疮是现在人们生活中比较普遍存在的了，无论是生活上还是健康方面，痔疮都给人们带来很多困扰，因此也成为了大家比较关注的一个问题。其实，痔疮同其他疾病一样，早期治疗难度低、恢复快。如果贻误病情，错过最佳治疗时机，不但治疗难度大、恢复慢，甚至会对身体造成不可恢复的损害。患有痔疮，早期可能没有明显症状，也可能会出现无痛性、间歇性、便后有鲜红色血，这也是内痔或混合痔早期常见的症状。除此之外，患有痔疮还有以下几点症状：1、肛门瘙痒。多是由于肛门及周围皮肤受刺激而产生的瘙痒不适。2、肛门直肠疼痛。由于肛门部神经丰富，感觉敏锐，受刺激后易发生轻度疼痛或剧烈疼痛，如表现为刺痛、胀痛，灼痛、坠痛等，可发生在便时或便后。3、肛门肿物脱出。中晚期内痔主要症状，主要原因为内痔痔核结节增大，使粘膜及粘膜下层与肛层分离，排便时，内痔经肛门脱出，轻者仅在排便时脱出肛外，重者在腹压增加时，如咳嗽、下蹲、用力等即可脱出。4、肛门流出分泌物。既可由瘘口溢出，又可由肛门内排出，或由肛周皮肤溢出。痔疮久拖不治，将产生一系列继发性危害和疾病，其中肛裂最普遍。肛裂是肛门口皮肤或粘膜发生一处或多处的破裂，痔疮病人由于局部皮肤、粘膜、血管已发生病理性改变，努力事极易导致肛裂。痔疮病人并发肛裂，不仅便血多，而且极度痛苦。患者在解大便时，肛管扩大刺激肛裂口引起肛门剧烈疼痛，排便后肛门括约肌又持续痉挛引起疼痛。许多痔疮病人因剧烈疼痛不敢排便，致使粪便变得更加干硬，加剧下次排便时的肛裂损伤程度。 |
Duncan Bruce MacMillan (August 27, 1887 – December 20, 1962) was a provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1935 to 1952, sitting with the Social Credit caucus in government.
References
Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs
1962 deaths
1887 births
Members of the Executive Council of Alberta |
Kononovo may refer to:
Kononovo, Perm Krai, a Russian village in the Dobryansky District
Kononovo, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, a Russian village in the Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement
Kononovo, Vladimir Oblast, a Russian village in the Melenkovsky District
Kononovo, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, a Russian village in the Soshnevskoye Rural Settlement |
瀧野站（）是位於兵庫縣加東市上瀧野宮前，西日本旅客鐵道（JR西日本）的加古川線車站。
歷史
1913年（大正2年）9月1日 - 播州鐵道社口站（現時：社町站）至瀧停留場（現時：瀧站）之間開設此站。當時為旅客和貨物車站。
當時車站位於兵庫縣加東郡上瀧野宮前。
1916年（大正5年）11月22日 - 車站改名為播鐵瀧野站。
1923年（大正12年）12月21日 - 路線轉讓給播丹鐵道。
1925年（大正14年）4月1日 - 車站地址變為兵庫縣加東郡上瀧野宮前。
1943年（昭和18年）6月1日 - 播丹鐵道被國有化，成為鐵道省加古川線車站。同時把站名改回瀧野站。
1968年（昭和43年）3月25日 - 終止貨物起卸業務。
1986年（昭和61年）11月1日 - 成為無人車站。
1987年（昭和62年）4月1日 - 伴隨國鐵分割民營化，車站由西日本旅客鐵道（JR西日本）營運。
1990年（平成2年） 6月1日 - 成立，並管轄此站。
2006年（平成18年）3月20日 - 隨著加東市成立，車站地址變為現址。
2009年（平成21年）7月1日 - 隨著加古川鐵道部廢止，變由直轄，此站由加古川站管理。
2016年（平成28年）3月26日 - 此站開始可以使用IC卡「ICOCA」。此站設置IC卡專用簡易閘機。
車站構造
車站是一座地面車站，設有1面1線的單式月台。谷川方向的列車會開啟右邊車門。
加古川站管理的無人車站，此站設有自動售票機。車站大樓在平成7年（1995年）翻新，現時車站大樓內設有畫廊。
車站周邊
此站設有站前廣場。
中國自動車道
瀧野郵局
瀧野農協前BS
巴士路線
在車站東南方的縣道上設有瀧野農協前巴士站。
停靠路線：
[急行]經小野、三木、御坂、新神戶站 前往
[急行]經瀧野社交匯處、小野、三木、御坂、新神戶站前往三宮
前往社(車庫前)
經西脇(Apica前)前往
西脇線
前往大阪站
前往新大阪站
經社(車庫前)前往
利用狀況
在2019年度，1日平均乘車人次為265人。
相鄰車站
西日本旅客鐵道（JR西日本）
加古川線
社町－瀧野－瀧
注腳
相關條目
日本鐵路車站列表 Ta
外部連結
兵庫縣鐵路車站
kino
1913年啟用的鐵路車站
加古川線車站
加東市 |
The Ligue de football de Saint Pierre et Miquelon is the regional football association of the French territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The term can also refer to the territory's football league. The current President is Ludivine Quédinet.
League
In Saint-Pierre and Miquelon there are three amateur clubs, playing only one level. The league is played from the beginning of June and the end of September each year due to climatic conditions.
The league was organized primarily by Louis Quedinet who would go on to be president of the league for eighteen years. For his efforts, he was inducted into the Newfoundland and Labrador Soccer Hall of Fame in 2013.
Clubs
As of 2020 season:
League Champions
1976 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1977 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1978 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1979 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1980 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1981 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1982 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1983 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1984 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1985 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1986 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1987 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1988 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1989 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1990 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1991 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1992 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1993 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1994 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1995 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1996 : AS Ilienne Amateur
1997 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1998 : AS Saint-Pierraise
1999 : AS Miquelonnaise
2000 : AS Saint-Pierraise
2001 : AS Saint-Pierraise
2002 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2003 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2004 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2005 : AS Miquelonnaise
2006 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2007 : AS Saint-Pierraise
2008 : AS Miquelonnaise
2009 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2010 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2011 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2012 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2013 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2014 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2015 : AS Saint-Pierraise
2016 : AS Saint-Pierraise
2017 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2018 : AS Ilienne Amateur
2019 : AS Saint-Pierraise
2020 : AS Miquelonnaise
2021 : AS Miquelonnaise
2022 : AS Saint-Pierraise
See also
National team: Saint Pierre and Miquelon national football team
References
External links
RSSSF Saint Pierre et Miquelon - List of Champions
Football in Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint |
Aletai Xuedu Airport is an airport serving Altay City, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It was formerly called "Altay Airport".
The airport is at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 11/29 which measures .
Airlines and destinations
See also
List of airports in China
References
Airports in Xinjiang
Altay Prefecture
Airports established in 1956 |
病毒发烧感冒传染吗？病毒引起来的上呼吸道感染，可以出现像发烧、咳嗽、咳痰这些症状。从基本概念上，病毒类型很多，像甲型病毒、乙型病毒，甚至是丙型病毒，那甲型病毒传染性比较强，发病比较快，死亡率是非常高的。乙型病毒相对死亡率比较低，但是不管是什么病毒，只要是呼吸道病毒，它都可以通过空气当中的飞沫进行传播，也就是通过口对口或通过鼻腔、呼吸道近距离的接触，都可以进行引起传染传播。病毒性感冒发烧不能一概而论。根据他的病情的轻重，如果普通的感冒通过积极的治疗，7-10天应该可以是好的或者痊愈的，但是严重的如果住进ICU插上管的这个就说不清了。曾经在中日友好看到一个上呼吸机昏迷的60多天了，还在进行上呼吸机，那么还有的人可能上了呼吸机，没两天人就没了，所以这不能够用几天来进行解释这个病情，只有看到这个病人通过病情的评估，才能决定.一般情况下如果需要发汗的药，当然指的中药，还是饭前一小时吃，喝点水，然后发汗进行吃饭，如果是非甾体的药，因为它对胃有刺激，所以饭后吃。病毒性感冒更多的是对症处理，卧床休息、多喝水，中药方面有对症的汤药能帮助改善症状。西药有一些抗病毒的药物，但从目前来看，效果都不是很理想，病情的时间窗相对比较短，主要从西医治疗一些病毒性感冒，更多的还是对症的一些处理，比如说要休息，卧床、多喝水，另外的一些支持的对症的处理。在我们国家，更多的可以采用中药的方法，中药的比如说对症的辩证的开一些尤其是汤药取效还是非常快的，如果辩证准确，确实能够改善患者的症状，包括退热也好，缓解他全身的不适也好，缓解这些症状疗效还是非常理想的。 |
西望洋聖堂，又稱主教山聖堂、海崖聖母小堂、卑拿聖堂等，是位於澳門西望洋山的天主教教堂，建於1622年。小堂曾多次重修，1935年與主教私邸一同重建為現時規模。
名字典故
西望洋聖堂原名卑拿聖堂（），「Penha」在葡萄牙文意為位於海邊之山岩，此名稱在颱風黃蜂被除名后取代之。西望洋聖堂因其建於澳門西望洋山山頂而得名。聖堂旁的建築物曾是主教的寓所，西望洋山又稱主教山，教堂又被稱主教山小堂。
歷史
西望洋聖堂位置原有西望洋山砲台堡，建於1622年(即明天啟二年)，以防禦荷蘭的入侵。小敎堂的興建，乃因葡萄牙航海者曾與荷蘭海盜船相遇卻未受傷害，實現許下的建堂諾言。以聖母瑪利亞為主保的聖母堂建於炮台旁，初為在駐炮台的葡萄牙士兵進行祈禱及參與彌撒之用。1892年後，炮台被拆卸後，教堂得以逐步擴大及多次修繕。1935年，由天主教澳門教區主教高若瑟策劃，並將教堂與主教私邸一同重建為現時規模。
建築風格
建築物蓋有哥德式教堂尖頂，反映古典折衷主義風格。西望洋聖堂及主教私邸已被評定為“具建築藝術價值之建築物”並收錄於《澳門文物名錄》。
堂前設大理石的聖母望洋像，西望洋聖堂聯貫相通後面的主教私邸。附近的路德聖母岩洞設聖母像，象徵聖母曾在法國路德城的顯現事件。
節慶活動
每年5月13日，花地瑪聖母像由玫瑰聖母堂出發，遊行至西望洋聖堂進行聖體降福，是為澳門重要的宗教活動之一。而12月31日晚由主教帶領進行「除夕跨年聖體降福」。
西望洋山景觀爭議
參見
天主教澳門教區
澳門歷史城區
参考文献
外部連結
天主教澳門教區
澳門旅遊景點
澳門天主教堂
澳
澳門西式建築
澳門地標 |
Carlos Zarzar (born 23 February 1955) is a Chilean sports shooter. He competed in the mixed skeet event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
1955 births
Living people
Chilean male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Chile
Shooters at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pan American Games medalists in shooting
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Chile
Shooters at the 1983 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
20th-century Chilean people |
多重耐药菌会传染吗？多重耐药菌是细菌变异及过度使用抗菌药物的结果。主要是因为细菌变异、过度使用抗菌药物造成的，长期以往对多种抗菌药物同时呈现耐药性，但是会使病患病情复杂、治愈困难，主要机制是外排膜泵基因突变，那么多重耐药菌会传染吗？多重耐药性是指同时对多种常用抗微生物药物发生的耐药性，主要机制是外排膜泵基因突变，其次是外膜渗透性的改变和产生超广谱酶。最多见的是革兰阳性菌的MDR-TB和MDR-MRSA，以及常在ICU中出现的鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌；MDR的出现决定了联合用药的必然;MDR菌株的高频率出现，意味着抗微生物药物时代即将结束。多重耐药菌属于感染性的与传染病是有区别的，耐药菌是对机体本身来讲的，这个一般是不会传染的，而且本身也不是传染病。多重耐药菌感染是由于抗生素使用的不当或过量，体会很快产生耐药性，是自己体内这种抵抗力差了，对这些菌产生了耐药，不会传染给别人的。耐药菌会很少传染给健康人。但是，当机体免疫力低下、正常菌群失调的病人，接触到耐药菌时会发生感染，感染部位通常为血液、尿道、肺部和伤口等。耐药菌感染多为接触传播，通过医护人员或陪护的手以及卫生医疗用品等传播治病菌，耐药菌的产生多为长期不规律使用抗生素引起的细菌耐药，当机体发生感染时就会造成耐药菌定植，如果临床耐三类或三类以上就属于多重耐药菌感染。多重耐药菌会传染吗？耐药菌是对机体本身来讲的，这个一般是不会传染的，而且本身也不是传染病。多重耐药菌感染是由于抗生素使用的不当或过量，体会很快产生耐药性，是自己体内这种抵抗力差了，对这些菌产生了耐药，不会传染给别人的。 |
牙槽突（）或牙槽骨（alveolar bone）是颌骨（在人类是上颌骨和下颌骨）上包含牙槽窝的增厚骨嵴。牙槽突被牙龈覆盖且属口腔的一部分，是上颌或下颌承载牙齿的解剖学结构。
牙槽嵴（）又称龈嵴、齿龈脊，是口腔内侧位于口腔顶部（上齿和硬腭之间）或位于口腔底部(下齿后)的可以用舌头感觉到的隆起。在语音学中，该词通常特指上齿之后到硬腭之前的部位，即上牙槽嵴。
结构
发音
以舌尖或舌叶接触或接近牙槽嵴来形成阻碍的辅音称为齿龈音。英语中的齿龈音有[t]、[d]、[s]、[z]、[n]、[l]等。发出齿龈音时，舌头接触到（如[t]、[d]、[n]、[l]）或几乎接触到（如[s]、[z]）上牙槽嵴。
注释
参考文献
解剖学
脸部
牙齿 |
卡伦达里奥（葡萄牙语：）是葡萄牙布拉加区的一个堂区。总面积7.01平方公里，总人口10697人，人口密度1526人/平方公里。
参见
布拉加区堂区列表
参考
布拉加区堂区 |
Virginia Stage Company (VSC) is a professional theater company located in Hampton Roads, Virginia. VSC presents locally produced plays for over 70,000 patrons a year both at the Wells Theatre in Norfolk, Virginia and throughout the community. A nonprofit theater, VSC has developed their "American Soil Series," a program that commissions plays of special regional interest, usually receiving their world premieres.
History
The first Board of Trustees began the organization in 1968. At the time, it was called the "Norfolk Theatre Center", and the first performances were presented in a 120-seat space in the former public library building on Freemason Street. The Theatre Center later moved to a makeshift space under Chrysler Hall and became known as the Stage Downunder at Scope.
In the late 1970s, the board of trustees decided to develop a fully professional theatre. Adopting the name Virginia Stage Company, they hired the first professional staff in 1978 and began detailed planning with help from the National Foundation for the Expansion and Development of American Theatre. A search began for a space where a professional theatre could produce and perform a season from October to May. After looking at 49 spaces, they chose the Wells Theatre.
A public-private partnership at the Wells Theater began. The VSC Board obtained an option to purchase the remaining years on the lease. In October 1979, with $315,000 from the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority and $180,000 contributed and raised by the founding board of trustees, the lease was purchased, and VSC took possession of the Wells. Less than four months later, after a prodigious initial renovation, Virginia Stage Company opened their premiere season on February 7, 1980.
In September 2016, VSC has named Tom Quaintance its new producing artistic director, moving the theatre to a single leader model with Quaintance overseeing both financial and artistic operations. He succeeded former VSC leaders artistic director Chris Hanna and managing director Keith Stava. Previously, Quaintance served as artistic director of Cape Fear Regional Theatre in Fayetteville, North Carolina for 5 years.
Main stage productions
Virginia Stage Company's seasons run from September to April and include six productions, five main season plays and one season extra. The company's repertoire includes Broadway hits such as The Wiz, Venus in Fur, A Streetcar Named Desire and Peter and the Starcatcher, locally written and produced plays such as I Sing the Rising Sea and The Hampton Years, and classics such as The Tempest and Oliver Twist.
World premieres
2016 - Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, Adapted by Patrick Mullins, with Music by Jake Hull
2016 - I Sing the Rising Sea, Book, Music, and Lyrics by Eric Schorr
2013 - Frog Kiss, Book & Lyrics by Charles Leipart, Music By Eric Schorr, Based on the novella The Frog Prince – A Fairy Tale for Consenting Adults by Stephen Mitchell
2013 - Swingtime Salute (on the deck of the Battleship Wisconsin), Book by Patrick Mullins, Music & Lyrics by various
2012 - The Comfort Team by Deborah Brevoort
2011 - SCKBSTD, A New Musical by Bruce Hornsby, Music & Lyrics by Bruce Hornsby, Lyrics by Chip deMatteo, Book by Clay McLeod Chapman
2010 - The New Pink by Chris Hanna
2009 - Alive and Well by Kenny Finkle
2009 - Line in the Sand by Chris Hanna
2007 - King Lear – The Storm At Home by Chris Hanna, based on William Shakespeare’s King Lear
2006 - A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, Adapted by VSC
2005 - The Taste Test by Frank Higgins
1998 - Nobody Lonesome for Me by Lanie Robertson
1996 - Snapshots by Michael Scheman and David Stern, Music by Stephen Schwartz
1996 - A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, Adapted by David McCann
1989 - The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett, Adapted by Marsha Norman, Lyrics by Lucy Simon
1988 - Fossey by Lois Meredith
1988 - Play Yourself by Harry Kondoleon
1987 - Haut Gout by Allen Havis
1986 - Wetter than Water by Deborah Pryor
1985 - Morocco by Alan Havis
1983 - Island by Peter Link, Brent Nicholson, Joe Bravco and Larry Rosler
1983 - High Rolling by Robert Litz
1983 - Tiovivo by Mary G. St. Cloud
1983 - The Hazard County Wonder by Bruce Payton
1982 - Therese Raquin by Stephen William
1982 - Leavings by Michael Richey
1982 - Whatever Become of Love? By Ed Meyerson
1981 - Hot Grog by Jim Wann & Bland Simpson
Education and community engagement programs
Virginia Stage Company runs educational and community engagement initiatives.
Student matinees
Virginia Stage Company chooses productions that coordinate with school curricula. Students are provided significantly discounted tickets to attend student matinees. Standards of Learning based study guides are researched and created by the education team and provided to each teacher prior to attending the show. The directors, designers, and actors participate in a talk-back session with the students directly following each performance, giving students an opportunity to interact with the company.
In-School tours
VSC’s touring productions last under forty-five minutes with a Q & A wrap-up to fit classroom schedule and include an online activity guide.
Workshops
VSC hosts workshops in stage combat, theatrical special effects, acting techniques, and script writing. In addition, they also offer master classes, during which local and national theater professionals work both one-on-one and in group settings with students.
Summer Theatre Camp
Working with professional theater artists, campers participate in two weeks of theatrical. Each day includes classes in acting, improvisation, storytelling techniques, creative writing, rehearsals, and special outings. At the end of camp, students showcase an original production for family and friends.
References
Theatre companies in Virginia
Organizations based in Norfolk, Virginia
Non-profit organizations based in Virginia
Culture of Norfolk, Virginia
Downtown Norfolk, Virginia
Companies based in Norfolk, Virginia
Arts organizations established in 1968
1968 establishments in Virginia |
胰腺癌需要手术吗？胰腺癌是让肿瘤医生很头痛的一种恶性肿瘤，因为它的侵润性强，治愈率低。胰腺肿瘤是发生在消化道的一种恶性肿瘤，会让患者腹部疼痛，恶心呕吐以及黄疸等，严重影响了正常的生活以及工作，甚至会加重病情，那么胰腺癌需要手术吗？下面就带大家一起来了解一下。胰腺炎的治疗是一个综合性的治疗的过程，首先在诊断胰腺肿瘤的时候，要根据相关的辅助的检查的结果，给病人做一个明确的病理的分期，术前的分期。如果是处在早期或者是相对比较早期的阶段，手术仍然是胰腺癌治疗的首选，如果是患者在诊断胰腺癌的时候，提示晚期或者是相对比较晚期的阶段，或者是局部进展期这个阶段。胰腺癌会导致黄疸的发生，此类人群并不需要常规的减黄疸，但是对于出现黄疸时间比较短，全身状况良好消化功能以及肾功能在正常范围的人群来说可以不减黄，就直接进行手术切除。对于全身状态比较差而且胆红素高，黄疸出现的时间超过了两个星期以上，并且越来越严重，同时伴有肾功能不全的患者，应该先考虑治疗黄疸，再进行手术治疗。胰腺癌患者做完手术之后要保持肠道通畅，每天至少要进行1到2次的雾化吸入，多鼓励患者进行深呼吸，这样有利于痰液排出体外。因为做手术范围比较大，术后会有剧烈的疼痛感，可以使用止痛棒。做完手术六个小时之内要采取平卧状态，六个小时之后要把床头抬高一些，这样有利于引流管的引流方式，同时也可以减轻腹肌的张力，有利于患者深呼吸，减轻了疼痛感。平时要对患者进行翻身、清洁身体，保持其干燥，这样能够防止褥疮的发生。要严格的观察患者的生命特征，比如要观察患者的血压、脉搏、体温等。上面为大家讲到了胰腺癌是需要手术的，也和大家讲到了胰腺癌手术之后需要注意到的一些地方，患者做完手术之后，要做好生活中的护理，手术后要禁食2到3天，在医生的指导下静脉注射来补充营养，当胃肠排气通畅之后才能够把胃管拔出，可以采取少量喝水的方式，然后慢慢过渡到正常的饮食，患者要保持平和的心态。 |
甲状腺眼突能治好吗？眼球是眼病的常见临床表现之一。有许多引起眼球的疾病。常见疾病包括甲状腺相关眼病，眼眶炎性假瘤和高度近视。其中，甲状腺相关的眼病是最成熟的。常见的眼睑疾病也是单眼或双眼突出的最常见原因。如何治疗甲状腺功能亢进症1，眼睑退缩矫正手术：甲状腺功能亢进患者单眼或双眼睑退缩，腭裂过度，异物感或严重眼球可矫正眼睑退缩。通常，巩膜移植物用于矫正>1.5mm的眼睑收缩，并且当上踝收缩<1.5mm时，可以执行Muller肌肉切除术或/和膈肌隔膜。2，眼肌手术：甲状腺功能亢进患者眼外肌炎症，水肿和纤维化可能导致肌肉运动功能丧失，手术后应在手术后3-6个月内稳定眼肌病。3，巩膜移植或部分骶骨破裂手术：甲状腺功能亢进患者由于眼球突出或眼睑退缩，引起腭裂引起的顽固性角膜炎或溃疡，应考虑巩膜移植或部分踝关节骨折。甲状腺功能亢进症可影响患者的视力和面部表征，对患者造成极大的心理和生理损害。具体而言，甲状腺功能亢进症患者有异常的眼睛受累迹象，如对光线的恐惧，撕裂，上眼球收缩，凝视，眼球等严重影响患者的症状，并将带来患者的正常生活。有很多麻烦。甲亢护理1，注意其余的眼睛，避免在光线下阅读并长期使用眼睛。在强烈阳光下戴太阳镜。2，严格戒烟，大量研究表明，吸烟可以显着增加眼病的状况。3，注意清淡饮食，限制水和盐的摄入，以免加重眼睛，这是甲状腺功能亢进的主要治疗点。禁食辛辣食物，少喝酒。这些食物导致与甲状腺功能亢进相关的眼部疾病增加。4，甲状腺功能亢进患者如果睡眠时角膜暴露，应在睡前涂抹眼膏。这可以防止接触角膜炎。5，眼睛不要太累，特别是不要长时间看电脑屏幕。一些与甲亢相关的眼部疾病可能会在几天内突然增加疾病，因为它们一夜之间加班。 |
低钾血症的治疗方式为?？治疗严重低血钾最重要的是解决病因，例如改善饮食、治疗腹泻、或是停止使用不适合的药物。若是病患没有明显的钾离子流失或是没有明显的症状则不需要治疗。一般成人如无不正常的钾离子流失，每日补充40~60mEq的钾离子就足够。轻微的低血钾，由于轻微低血钾的部分原因常是营养不良，也可以采用含钾饮食来改善，例如绿叶蔬菜、蕃茄、柑橘、柳丁或是香蕉。对于服用利尿剂的病患则是饮食和药物治疗可以同时采用。严重的低血钾可能会导致，因此需要持续监控，通常比较安全的速率是10 mEq/小时。所以即便是在严重地低血钾，口服补充因为比较安全而是比较常用的治疗方法。在急性期应避免使用缓释剂配方。当使用静脉输注补充钾离子时，建议的方式是经由中央静脉导管输注，以避免周边静脉输注常会发生的烧灼感，或是较少发生的静脉伤害；若是必须以周边静脉输注，可以用大量生理食盐水稀释钾离子以降低烧灼感，或是在每50 mL 10 mEq KCL静脉输注液中混入1% 利多卡因3 mL。然而，加入利多卡因会提高发生医疗过失的可能性。 |
孕38周便秘出血怎么办？便秘对于孕妇来说是最常见的一种症状，并且也是一种非常困扰的事情，因为在怀孕期间不能随便使用药物的。尤其是到了怀孕中晚期，便秘的症状就会越来越严重，如果不进行处理治疗也可引起肛肠疾病，甚至加重贫血。女性怀孕之后出现便秘，首先一定要注意不能随便乱吃药的，一般来说可以采用的办法是改善饮食，在饮食上应该注意多吃膳食纤维的食物，比如各种五谷粗粮、韭菜、白菜、油菜、菠菜、胡萝卜、白萝卜、芹菜，如果准妈妈的血糖正常，那么适当的吃一些熟透的香蕉、苹果、红薯、蜂蜜等食物都可以，当然在每天孕妇都需要多多喝水，尤其是早晨起床之后首先就可以喝一杯白开水帮助开启一天的肠胃活动。而食疗偏方如黑芝麻和糯米等材料炒熟了碾成粉末加上蜂蜜喝，同样而具有较好的通便效果。另外，孕晚期可以多吃酸奶这类富含益生菌的食品，帮助调理肠道菌群，同时促进肠胃蠕动，软化大便，也可以适当吃一些松子仁、瓜子仁等富含脂肪酸的食品，都可帮助润滑肠道、治疗便秘。孕妇便秘不能总是躺着不活动，而是在身体条件允许的情况下适度参加运动，能够帮助解除便秘同事又能增强体质措施就是在每天傍晚坚持散步半小时左右，散步的时候应该注意坚持拍掌，注意把自己的手臂、五个手指等尽力张开，拍掌，乙肝感觉到手臂微酸，手掌发热微麻就可以停止了。中医认为拍掌能刺激手掌当中的穴位，同时就可以促进血液循环，疏通经络，对健康的好处是非常多的。孕晚期便秘应着重在饮食调理方面，虽然说孕晚期的孕妇需要大量的营养，但是还是要注意少吃太过滋补辛热的食物，因为这类食物同样也会导致上火体质，从而导致肠道内有热而让大便失去水分，过度干燥而加重或者是引起便秘。 |
盐酸西布曲明胶囊药物相作用？1．本品不能与单胺氧化酶抑制剂（MAOI）同时使用。在开始使用本品治疗前应至少停用MAOI2周；而在使用MAOI前应至少停用本品2周。 2．由于本品抑制5-羟色胺再摄取，因此不宜与其他5-羟色胺能药物合用。 3．正在服用含去甲麻黄碱、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱等影响血压和心率药物的患者，慎用本品。 4．本品与抑制细胞色素P450（3A4）代谢的药物如酮康唑、红霉素等有潜在的相互作用，但影响幅度不大。 |
小儿脱屑性肺炎的西医治疗？(一)治疗对低氧血症患者给予氧疗，应用抗生素控制感染，以及药物纠正心力衰竭。可用较大量肾上腺皮质激素泼尼松(强的松)3～8mg或泼尼松龙(强的松龙)2mg/(kg.d)，先用8周后逐渐减量，以后用维持量2年，可使临床及X片改变好转，约80%有效。激素无效时可试用硫唑嘌呤、环磷酰胺、苯丁酸氮芥等。必要时使用加压吸入或高频喷射通气。同时要快速使用地高辛以控制心衰。X线阴影消失迟于临床症状好转，且停激素后可复出现症状。亦有人报告用氯喹治疗有效。国外近来有试用肺移植治疗的报道，但效果尚难肯定。(二)预后婴儿患者预后不良。约20%病人可不治自愈，纤维化者预后差。过去多数在2、3周或数月内死于心力衰竭，成人的病死率为16%。应用肾上腺皮质激素治疗此病后，预后好转，早期使用，能挽救生命。有报道用泼尼松治疗严重型脱屑性间质性肺炎1例，3周后明显好转， 10年后随访，未发现肺部有任何异常。但在肺组织活检显示肺纤维化后，激素治疗效果不佳。 |
武科維奇峰是南極洲的山峰，位於伊麗莎白公主地，屬於格羅夫山脈的一部分，該山峰根據澳大利亞探險隊拍攝的空中照片被繪入地圖，以戴維斯站的氣員觀測員命名。
南極洲山峰 |
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