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Litigation strategy is the process by which counsel for one party to a lawsuit intends to integrate their actions with anticipated events and reactions to achieve the overarching goal of the litigation. The strategic goal may be the verdict, or the damages or sentence awarded in the case. Alternatively, in the case of impact litigation (also known as strategic litigation) the goal may be more far-reaching, such as setting legal precedent, affecting consumer-safety standards, or reshaping the public's perception of a societal issue. Broader goals and more challenging cases require a strategist with a greater understanding of, and facility with, the tools of litigation strategy.
Attorneys who apply advanced strategic concepts (such as Maneuver and the Boyd Loop), which are not taught in most law schools, may gain a decisive advantage over attorneys who are unfamiliar with the skill set and who, because of their unfamiliarity, can be unwittingly maneuvered into disadvantageous actions. The resulting imbalance has led to academic criticism of the use of advanced strategic techniques. For instance, Hugh Selby of Australian National University's College of Law has been particularly critical of its use by prosecutors, who already wield the massive power of the state against often poorly resourced defendants. The counterargument is that strategy can correct already-existing imbalances in the system, allowing a sole or two-attorney law firm with an indigent client to level the playing field against a large law firm with a wealthy corporate client, and allowing attorneys with little trial experience to effectively try cases against vastly more experienced opposing counsel.
Description
Strategy is the process of designing and achieving a desired final outcome. Basic litigation strategies organize a case so that it has a cohesive focus. Advanced strategies will anticipate and even shape events, decisively guiding the situation to the desired outcome.
Litigation strategies are either primarily direct or primarily indirect, though they usually include elements of both. In litigation, direct strategies argue: 1) what the law does or does not say; 2) what the facts are or are not; or, 3) who has the more believable witnesses. Indirect strategies, on the other hand, shift the point of conflict, alter perceptions of what is central, or undermine the opposing counsels’ case without direct confrontation, often through deception, surprise or misdirection of the opponent—though never of the jury.
Trial advocacy offers a number of tools and methods for constructing sound strategies.
On a practical level, litigation strategy commonly includes an assessment of resources of all parties to the dispute, which can inform attritional considerations and likely attitude to risk, tactical court applications such as injunction applications or other tactical procedures aimed at gaining an advantage over the opponent or even a decisive blow and end to the dispute. Timing is also generally an essential part of any litigation strategy.
Tools of litigation strategy
Case diagrams
With this organizational tool, attorneys list the elements of the case they are required to prove (or intend to disprove) then list all the evidence they intend to leverage in support of each element. The purpose is to ensure they address all the issues of the case and to make certain that meeting one element does not require undercutting the evidence in support of another.
Theme and theory
These messaging tools bring force and greater direction to the evidence. The theme is a sound bite that encapsulates logic or emotional force of the attorney's case. The theory of the case is a logical description of events that the attorney wants the judge or jury to adopt as their own perception of the underlying situation. The theory is often expressed in a story that should be compellingly probable.
Theme and theory become strategic tools when they serve as the core for the organization of the case. These tools are effective when every aspect of the trial, including the actions and reactions of the adversary, are organized and incorporated in support of them. In practice, a lawyer writes the closing argument first and then works backward to plan the argument.
Maneuver strategy
Maneuver is a strategic philosophy that leverages the indirect approach through its focus on individual decision making and perception. It is ideally suited to litigation, wherein the jury's perception decides the outcome. The core of maneuver is the decision cycle as described in Boyd’s OODA Loop.
This model notes that in decision-making, individuals (witness, opposing counsel, jurors) go through a process of observation (receiving information), orientation (deciding what the information means to them and what they might do about it), decision (picking a course of action from among the possibilities), and then acting (taking the course of action). Like most models, the OODA Loop is not a technical description, but it is rather a tool for illustrating important points for strategists.
While litigation presents opportunities for information denial through the rules of privilege and work product, even more opportunities to shape the conduct of opposing counsel and hostile witnesses arise in the orientation phase. Psychology offers deep insights into how individuals perceive and misperceive information. Moreover, an individual’s perception of a situation affects how he frames his decisions. By altering perceptions, litigators can shape the decision the party will make. Coupling this understanding of psychology with utility theory / economic game theory, attorneys can set the stage for adversarial parties to take actions that serve the attorneys’ plan.
At the same time, the attorneys must protect their own decision-making while retaining a degree of control over the evolving situation. The methods for protecting one's own decision-making include making accurate predictions (using tools from psychology and utility theory), validating planned actions, having a clear focus of effort and information flow, and building sound, powerful, and flexible plans, as can be done using a “line of effort.”
Lines of effort
A line of effort can organize the attorneys' planned actions in the way a case diagram organizes their evidence. Because of the uncertainty inherent in trial practice, the litigators’ strategic plan must be powerful, yet flexible, to remain effective. The line of effort produces the needed power and flexibility by structuring the plan around the purpose and an achievable end state that realizes the purpose, the aims (the elements necessary, or chosen to achieve the end state), and the levers or effects (the actions the counsel can take that are likely to bring about the targeted aims).
The visual nature a line of effort allows the attorneys using it to see the entirety of the trial, ensuring their plan comprehensively addresses the situation, and identifying points of high uncertainty where having prepared branch plans would be prudent. It further allows the attorney to exploit unexpected opportunities with an understanding of what elements of his/her plan will be enhanced and which will require further adaptation, making the opportunistic action not only clear-sighted, but focused and efficient.
In a fluid situation, any levers or aims rendered obsolete by changes in the situation are swapped out, retaining the bulk of the previously analyzed and validated plan intact, and providing a clear focus for the branch plan or substituted actions.
References
Bibliography
Dreier, A.S. Strategy, Planning & Litigating to Win. Boston MA: Conatus, 2012.
Lubet, Steven Modern Trial Advocacy. South Bend, IN. NITA, 2004.
Mauet, Thomas A., Trial Notebook. New York, NY: Aspen, 1998.
Legal concepts
Strategy |
葡萄状肉瘤是什么?？葡萄状肉瘤中被检查出。 |
强烈热带气旋馬庫斯（）是一個非常強大的熱帶氣旋，於2018年3月襲擊了澳大利亞的北領地和西澳大利亞金伯利地區。是2017－2018年澳洲地區熱帶氣旋季里最強的熱帶氣旋，也是2007年喬治以來澳大利亞地區盆地最強的熱帶氣旋。它也被認為是自1974年特雷西以來襲擊達爾文的最糟糕的氣旋。這也是自特雷西襲擊達爾文以來最強的熱帶氣旋，以二級熱帶氣旋的形式登陸達爾文。馬庫斯於3月14日由位於帝汶海東北部的熱帶低氣壓形成，該低氣壓迅速向東南移動，並於次日增強為熱帶氣旋。
氣象歷史
2018年3月15日，一股熱帶低氣壓在阿拉弗拉海西部形成。熱帶低氣壓從提維群島以北向東南偏東方向漂移，於3月16日早些時候增強為澳大利亞等级的一級熱帶氣旋，並因此被命名為馬庫斯。在總體上有利於增強的環境中，氣旋馬庫斯於3月17日在穿越北領地海岸線之前的幾個小時內達到了二級狀態。 3月16日，馬庫斯向澳大利亞海岸移動，並在以较弱的二級熱帶氣旋的形式登陸達爾文之前迅速增強。
馬庫斯在離開海岸後明顯增强。很快，風暴開始迅速增強，到3月21日，馬庫斯達到了五級熱帶氣旋強度。 然而在增强之後，由於眼牆置換循环、更強的風切變和較冷的海水，風暴開始迅速減弱。馬庫斯在向南移動時繼續迅速減弱。該系統很快在3月25日轉變為溫帶氣旋，但馬庫斯的殘餘將繼續向東南移動幾天。3月27日，馬庫斯的溫帶殘留在澳大利亞西南海岸消散。
防災措施及影響
風暴發生前，3月15日，澳大利亞氣象局 (BoM) 向達爾文、提維群島和 Top End 西北部的部分地區發布了氣旋警告。 大約26,000戶家庭因破壞性大風而停電，甚至在巴徹勒和阿德萊德河以南的地區也是如此。 大達爾文地區的數千棵樹木被毀，其中包括許多在特雷西颶風過後種植的非洲桃花心木，這些桃花心木生長速度快，遮蔭面積大。
公立學校和非必要的公共服務機構關閉，而清理工作仍在繼續，道路上的樹幹被移走。气旋馬庫斯是自1974年聖誕節前夕时颶風特雷西造成破壞以來襲擊達爾文的最具破壞性的風暴。 保險損失超過8500萬澳元（6560萬美元）。馬庫斯總共造成了約9746萬澳元（7500萬美元）的損失。
清理響應由北領地緊急服務部門協調，包括來自澳大利亞陸軍第5營和第1戰鬥工兵團的澳大利亚陆军。美國海軍陸戰隊輪換部隊——達爾文 (MRF-D) 也為清理工作做出了貢獻。.
除名
由於对達爾文氣旋造成的破壞及其隨後的猛烈增強，'馬庫斯'被除名，取而代之的是‘馬可’。
参考资料
外部链接
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
M
2017—2018年澳洲地區熱帶氣旋季
2018年自然灾害
在北領地的災害
Marcus |
1995年世界羽球大獎賽總決賽，是第13屆世界羽球大獎賽總決賽，於1995年11月29日至12月3日在新加坡舉行，總獎金325,000美元。本賽事只邀請年度最優秀的16名男子單打選手、12名女子單打選手及三個雙打項目各6組選手參加。
決賽結果
外部連結
Smash: World Grand Prix Finals, Singapore 1995
1995年世界羽球大獎賽
新加坡主辦的國際羽毛球賽事
世界羽球大獎賽總決賽
1995年新加坡 |
Neusiedler may refer to:
Lake Neusiedl
Hans Neusidler (circa 1508/9 – 1563), Hungarian-German composer and lutenist
See also
Neusiedl (disambiguation)
Novosedly (disambiguation) (Czech form) |
椑木镇站是一个成渝线上的铁路车站，位于四川省内江市东兴区椑木镇、沱江大桥以东。建于1952年，目前为五等站，邮政编码为641004。目前客运：办理旅客乘降；不办理行李、包裹托运；货运：办理整车货物发到；不办理整车爆炸品及整车一级氧化剂发到。本站站台上有一颗紫荆树，由当年修建成渝铁路的铁道兵栽种。
相邻车站
参考资料
内江市铁路车站
东兴区
中国铁路成都局集团车站
中国铁路五等站
1952年启用的铁路车站 |
女性子宫息肉的症状？子宫息肉是什么子宫息肉是妇科常见病，从广义上讲是指所有借细长的蒂附着于子宫壁的肿物，包括子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜腺肌瘤性息肉、恶性息肉等。多属良性，可无明显临床症状，或引起月经增多、白带异常、阴道出血、子宫增大、疼痛等。宫腔镜检查可见息肉大小多少不一、蒂长短不等，是妇科常见的一种宫腔内病变。其中以子宫内膜息肉最常见。子宫息肉的症状一般情况下，医生是根据子宫息肉的症状来作诊断：月经量增多或不规则子宫出血;宫颈口处看到或触及息肉，子宫体略增大。也可在作宫腔镜检查或分段诊刮，将取出的组织或摘除的息肉送病理检查，明确诊断。如果是自己平时在家，则通过以下子宫息肉的症状来做判断。1、月经不调多发性弥漫型者常见月经过多及经期延长，此与子宫内膜面积增加及内膜过度增生有关。2、不规则出血等大型息肉或突入颈管的息肉，易继发感染、坏死，而引起不规则出血及恶臭的血性分泌物。3、白带异常在平时的生活中很多的女性朋友对于身体白带的多根本不在意，少数息肉较大者表现为白带增多，或者白带中央有一丝一丝的血丝，至有少量的阴道出血，即血性白带或接触性出血，尤其在性交后及蹲着用力大便时极易出血。子宫息肉是非常常见的妇科病，子宫息肉引起月经增多、白带异常、阴道出血、子宫增大、疼痛等。宫腔镜检查可见息肉大小多少不一、蒂长短不等，是妇科常见的一种宫腔内病变。其中以子宫内膜息肉最常见。 |
陳牧，荊州南陽郡平林县人，中国新朝末年农民起义武将，平林軍頭領，後为更始帝劉玄重臣。
生平
地皇三年（22年），陳牧和同乡廖湛共集兵千余人，号「平林軍」，与王匡的新市軍呼应。当時，劉玄在安集掾加入平林軍。和劉縯率领的舂陵軍联合進軍宛城，联合軍在南陽郡育陽县小長安聚大战新朝前隊大夫（新制南陽太守）甄阜、屬正（新制都尉）梁丘賜，新军敗北。地皇四年（23年）正月，和王常率领的下江軍合流，泚水之战討取甄阜、梁丘賜。南陽士大夫（舂陵諸将）和王常推举劉縯为主，陳牧和其他他諸将擁立平林軍出身劉玄为天子。劉縯为了避免分裂，让劉玄登基。
更始元年（23年）二月，劉玄即位为更始帝，陳牧被任命为大司空。更始二年（24年）二月，劉玄遷都長安，陳牧封为陰平王。更始三年（25年），赤眉軍西進長安，陳牧被更始帝指派和同僚王匡、成丹、趙萌一起駐屯京兆尹新丰，以備敌军。長安城内張卬发动兵變，更始帝逃亡新丰。更始帝猜疑心起，对外戚趙萌以外的新丰諸将都怀疑是張卬一党。召陳牧、成丹入见，将二人誅殺。驚恐的王匡投奔長安張卬。史書并没有記述陳牧、成丹和張卬勾通，应是無罪被殺。重臣被杀，主君更始帝自取灭亡。
参考文献
《後漢書》列传1劉玄传
《後漢書》列传4齐武王縯传
Mu
南陽人
新朝民變人物 |
Manon Johnes (born 17 December 2000) is a Welsh Rugby Union professional player who plays back row for the Wales women's national rugby union team and Bristol Bears. She made her debut for the Wales national squad in 2018, and represented them at the 2021 Women's Six Nations Championship.
Club career
Johnes first began playing rugby at the age of six, after developing an interest in the sport by watching matches with her father. She started out as the only girl on the team at CRICC Caerdydd, the junior section of Cardiff Quins. At 13, she moved to Cardiff Quins Girls, before joining the Cardiff Blues under-18s, and later the Cardiff Blues senior squad.
Johnes then signed with Bristol Bears, her current club, in 2020.
International career
Johnes had already established an international career before signing with the Wales senior women's squad. In 2017, she was part of the women's under-18s rugby sevens team that represented Wales and won bronze at the Youth Commonwealth Games in the Bahamas. She would later represent Wales in senior sevens at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Australia.
She made her debut for Wales against South Africa in 2018 in the autumn series held at Cardiff Arms Park. Wales' 19-5 victory saw Johnes earn her first cap aged just 17.
Johnes then made her Six Nations debut in 2019, with four appearances during the tournament. She has represented Wales at each subsequent Women's Six Nations Championship, and was named 'One to Watch' by BBC Sport ahead of the event in 2021.
Johnes has won 13 caps to date in her rugby career.
Personal life
Johnes attended Welsh language school Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf in Cardiff before taking a place at Oxford University's St Catherine's College in 2020 to study Geography. In an interview with Oxford University Rugby Club, where she plays during her studies, she explained: "I made a deferred entry to university as I wanted to take a year to balance sports commitments with working in my community, teaching in a Welsh medium primary school and working with ALN pupils."
During the coronavirus pandemic, Johnes would also spend her free time working as an assistant teacher at Ysgol Gwaelod y Garth, on the outskirts of Cardiff.
Johnes says that one the most influential people in her life is her former PE teacher and Wales footballer Gwennan Harries. In an interview with WRU.Wales, she said: "[Harries] has been an immense role model for me, my biggest influence without a doubt. In school it would normally just be the academy boys working out in the gym, but she got me going in there in the mornings, getting into good habits. I’m still in contact with her on a weekly basis, and she’s more of a friend than a teacher now.”
Honours
2017 Youth Commonwealth Bronze medallist.
Cardiff Blues Women Player of the Year 2017/2018/2019.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Alumni of St Catherine's College, Oxford
Rugby union players from Cardiff
Welsh female rugby union players
Wales women's international rugby union players
Welsh rugby sevens players
Female rugby sevens players
Wales international women's rugby sevens players
Rugby sevens players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players for Wales
Rugby union flankers
Welsh schoolteachers
People educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf
Bristol Bears Women players |
卵巢癌治疗后吃什么好？卵巢癌的治疗是以手术为主，然后辅助放疗及化疗等综合治疗。如果是卵巢癌一期或二期的卵巢上皮性癌，应进行全面手术分期:需要足够的腹部正中切口，留取腹腔内的积液和腹腔冲洗液进行细胞学检查。全面探查腹膜和腹腔脏器表面，活检和切除任何可疑的病灶，全子宫及双附件，还需要切除结肠下网膜，选择性盆腔淋巴结及腹主动脉淋巴结切除，黏液性肿瘤时应考虑将阑尾切除。还需要辅助化疗，早期需要3-6个疗程，晚期需要6-8个疗程。要想治疗卵巢癌，合理的饮食调理是必不可少的。饮食上应多吃富含维生素，微量元素的食品，比如香菇，黄豆，新鲜蔬果，甲鱼，海带，紫菜，牡蛎等。此外，要多吃养身调经，滋补肝肾的食物，比如石榴，桂圆，桑葚，黑芝麻，黑木耳以及鲫鱼等。有抗卵巢肿瘤作用的食物，比如海马，龙珠茶，山楂等，也要适当的食用，对于抗癌治疗很有效用。有一道食疗方对卵巢癌的患者比较有帮助，叫沉香牛肉，材料是牛肉500g，陈皮30g，香附子15g，葱、姜和盐只需要适量。将陈皮与香附子加水2000ml，煎煮半个小时，然后滤渣，再加入洗好切好的牛肉块，加入葱，姜，盐，小火炖至酥烂，凉透以后切片即可食用，这个是很受卵巢癌患者喜爱的食疗方之一，有很好的理气、健脾的功效。在饮食方面，没有什么特别明确的食物可以用来治疗卵巢癌。对于各个疾病的状态，需要进行饮食、营养方面的调整，比方刚开完刀的病人，最主要的饮食要偏向于帮助恢复体力，促进伤口愈合，但是在饮食上也不能过于的油腻，这对消化功能不好。 |
Jon Cohen is an American novelist and screenwriter. As a screenwriter he is best known for his co-writing contribution to the Steven Spielberg-directed film Minority Report (2002).
A native of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, Cohen worked as a critical care nurse in Philadelphia before becoming a writer. He published four books: Max Lakeman and the Beautiful Stranger (1991), The Man in the Window (first published in 1992 and then reissued 2013 by Nancy Pearl's Book Lust Rediscoveries), Dentist Man (1993), and Harry's Trees (2018). He received a creative writing grant from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1991. In 2002, he won a Saturn Award for Best Writing for his work on Minority Report, sharing the award with co-writer Scott Frank.
References
External links
20th-century American novelists
American male screenwriters
Living people
Writers from Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Novelists from Philadelphia
Screenwriters from Philadelphia
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male novelists
20th-century American male writers |
Ostroukhov () is a rural locality (a khutor) in Slashchyovskoye Rural Settlement, Kumylzhensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 346 as of 2010. There are 15 streets.
Geography
Ostroukhov is located in forest steppe, on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the bank of the Khopyor River, 28 km southwest of Kumylzhenskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Devkin is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kumylzhensky District |
卡约阿岛（Kayoa、Kaioa）是马鲁古群岛的一座火山岛，也叫Pulau Urimatiti，靠近哈马黑拉岛，位于马基安岛南部14.5公里，行政上由北马鲁古省南哈马黑拉县管辖。主岛长16公里，岛上地形以山地为主。蒂加拉鲁火山位于岛西部，卡约阿岛与周围岛屿不同，主要由沉积岩构成而不是火山岩。居民主使用印尼语、和（也叫东马基安语）。
资料来源
印尼島嶼 |
The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln is a photograph taken by the American photographer William Mumler in 1872. It appears to depict a faint white figure, interpreted as the ghost of U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, standing over his seated widow, Mary Todd Lincoln. The photograph is assumed to be a hoax, although it is still unclear how exactly it was created.
The photograph is currently the property of the Ian Rolland Center for Lincoln Research. It's part of the Friends of the Lincoln at Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Background
Mumler began taking spirit photographs in 1862. He invited the renowned photographer J. W. Black to examine the process he used, but Black was unable to tell how "ghosts" appeared in Mumler's photographs. Throughout the 1860s, Mumler's career took hold, and many spiritualists came to him for photographs. One of the reasons for a surge in demand was the American Civil War, which caused more than 600,000 deaths. He was repeatedly accused of fraud and was brought to trial in May 1869. The prosecution brought a list of possible methods Mumler could have used to fake the photographs, but none of them could be proven without a reasonable doubt. He was acquitted of the charges, and his career in photography continued.
In February 1872, Mary Lincoln was still mourning the loss of her husband, Abraham Lincoln, after his assassination nearly seven years earlier. In her later years, Lincoln was institutionalized after a trial in 1875, though was later released into the custody of her sister Elizabeth.
Legacy
The photograph is one of the most famous hoaxes of the 19th century. While the method Mumler used may have been double exposure, it has not been proven. The process is made more complicated by the fact that Abraham's arms appear to be on Mary's shoulders. In 2022, photographic process historian Mark Osterman demonstrated a possible technique using two negatives, printed simultaneously with sleight of hand.
See also
Lincoln's ghost
References
1870s photographs
Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln
Paranormal hoaxes |
左脸颊侧面长痘痘是什么？导致脸上长痘痘的原因有很多，上火长痘是其中之一。尤其是下巴长痘痘会因为肝火旺盛所致。而日常作息时间不规则导致睡眠时间不足，以及日常心理和精神压力大，饮食不恰当等都会导致上火引起痘痘的滋生。那么左脸颊侧面长痘痘是什么呢？下面为大家介绍。1、内分泌絮乱，身体内分泌失调，体内雄激素和黄体素提升导致雌激素下降，而激素分泌失衡，皮肤油脂分泌旺盛，自然导致加剧痘痘的滋生。毒素过多，如果下巴等部位总是反复长痘痘，日常也很注重皮肤保养和洁面护理工作，那很大部分原因是因为体内毒素长期堆积过多，导致器官功能有损，引起内分泌失调等各种状态的出现，进而表现在皮肤问题上出现。2、水油失衡，都说油性皮肤易长痘，而干性皮肤易长斑，可想而知保持皮肤水油平衡度很重要。皮肤太油腻会导致毛孔堵塞，吸附灰尘和油污，长期下来自然导致痘痘痤疮、粉刺黑头的诱发。消化系统问题，例如长期便秘、有出现慢性腹泻、胃酸过多以及溃疡等症状，从而导致堆积大量的毒素无法正常排出，而消化系统反射部位于嘴唇部位，自然出现情青春痘、痤疮等肌肤问题。3、季节变换，季节性变换，温差较大，皮肤敏感脆弱不能适应也会导致痘痘的滋生，此种情况一般处理得当，几天后可自然消失。药物刺激，因为经常性服用避孕药、减肥药等刺激性药物，引起内分泌失衡，从而引发毒素堆积于体内，导致痘痘诱发于脸部皮肤上。综上所述，左脸颊侧面长痘痘是什么，当我们脸上长痘的时候，切不可去扣它，以免留下痘印，严重影响日后皮肤的光泽和脸蛋。因此建议多休息，保持好好心态，生活规律，一般几天之后，痘痘会自动消除，所以不用太担心。 |
PK-90 Kohat-III () is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
See also
PK-89 Kohat-II
PK-91 Kohat-IV
References
External links
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly's official website
Election Commission of Pakistan's official website
Awaztoday.com Search Result
Election Commission Pakistan Search Result
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly constituencies |
Paracaedicia is a genus of bush cricket in the subfamily Phaneropterinae. Species can be found mostly in New Guinea.
Species
The Orthoptera Species File and Catalogue of Life list:
Paracaedicia centrifera Bolívar, 1902
Paracaedicia disjuncta Karny, 1926
Paracaedicia femorata Bolívar, 1902
Paracaedicia melanocondylea Bolívar, 1902
Paracaedicia nigropunctata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Paracaedicia novata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898
Paracaedicia obesa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Paracaedicia planicollis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Paracaedicia proxima Bolívar, 1902
Paracaedicia raroramosa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Paracaedicia serrata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Paracaedicia spinosa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Paracaedicia tibialis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 - type species (locality Key Island, New Guinea)
Paracaedicia verrucosa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
References
External links
Orthoptera genera
Tettigoniidae
Orthoptera of Asia |
如何知道自己输卵管是否通畅？输卵管，为女性一对细长而弯曲的肌性管道，长十到十五厘米，直径约五毫米，位于子宫底两侧，包裹在子宫阔韧带上缘内。自子宫两角分别伸展至左，右卵巢，是输送卵细胞进入子宫的管道。输卵管分为间质，峡，壶腹和漏斗四部分。间质部分包含在子宫的肌肉内，管腔开始大致是向上，向外偏斜，该部长零点八到二厘米，管腔直径为零点五到一毫米，峡部为输卵管后部，狭而直，肌肉发达，它通子宫的口，称输卵管子宫口。即靠近子宫的狭窄部分，管腔直径为二到三毫米。然后逐渐扩大至较宽的外侧部分，即壶腹部，壶腹部直径五到八，为连结漏斗的输卵管前部，壁薄而弯曲，漏斗，为前端的漏斗形膨大，裂痕状的漏斗缘称为伞，在漏斗深部有输卵管腹腔口。除间质部外，输卵管的其余部分均被腹膜所覆盖，此部分腹膜与阔韧带的上缘相连，除输卵管系膜的附着处外，它完全由腹膜所围绕，伞形端开口于腹腔内，其凸出部分即卵巢伞，比其它部分都长得多，形成一个浅的槽，向卵巢靠近或到达卵巢。输卵管的肌肉组织一般分为两层，即环形的内层和纵行的外层。在管的远侧，上述两层变得不太清楚，而且在伞形端即被肌肉纤维交织的网所取代。输卵管的肌肉组织，经常有节奏地收缩，收缩率随月经周期而变动。要想知道自己输卵管是否通畅，只有做输卵管碘油造影检查，目前为止这个检查是检查女性输卵管是否通畅的最准确的检查方法，这是因为做检查的时候，将一种造影剂打到输卵管腔里面，在X线下面能够清楚的看到造影剂在输卵管腔的情况。另外，还能够看到它是不是游离在盆腔里面，能够知道输卵管是不是通畅。一般女性不能自己感觉到输卵管是否通畅，只有通过器械的检查才能诊断出来，所以如果想要知道自己输卵管有没有通畅，要做输卵管碘油造影。 |
Peter Frederick Chalke CBE (born 1944) is a business man and Conservative politician in England.
Chalke was twice Leader of Wiltshire County Council, standing down the second time in 2003 to become national leader of the Conservatives in the Local Government Association, and was also a member of the Standards Board for England.
Career
Born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, in 1944, Chalke was educated at Chafyn Grove School and joined the family business, W. M. Chalke and Sons, of South Newton, timber merchants, of which he became head. He was first elected to Wiltshire County Council in 1982. In 1986 he became leader of the Conservative group and went on to lead the county council. When his party lost control, Chalke remained as leader of the Wiltshire Conservative group, and again became Leader of the county council in 1998, when taking back control the year after the election of the first Blair government. In the Local Government Association of England and Wales (LGA) he was elected as deputy leader of the Conservative Group and was his party's spokesman on education.
In April 1999, as Leader of Wiltshire County Council, Chalke was quoted in The Times on the need to do something to help refugees from the war in Kosovo. He suggested that army bases in Wiltshire at Rollestone, Knook, and Westdown near Shrewton, could be made available and commented "We have a responsibility to do something to help and will be looking at whatever other accommodation
there is available."
In 2002, Chalke chaired a Conservative Party working group which drew up a plan for the next Conservative government to free schools from the control of failing councils, and this received the full support of the Shadow Cabinet of Iain Duncan Smith. In publishing its policy proposals in January 2003, Chalke commented: "Those authorities, riven by mismanagement, that are clearly failing their schools and pupils will be stripped of their powers, allowing schools to break free from the straitjacket of a failing authority.".
In July 2003, Chalke was appointed to lead the LGA Conservative Group and was elected as Deputy Chairman of the LGA, so announced his resignation as Leader of the County Council. He then lived in London for two years.
On standing down, Chalke commented that the high point of his time in office in Wiltshire had been the recent success of a campaign for the Government to give Wiltshire area cost adjustment status, as a result of which it had gained millions of pounds a year in higher Government grants. His greatest disappointment was that the new Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre would not be based in Devizes.
In Wiltshire, Chalke was succeeded by Jane Scott. She commented some years later that her style of leadership was quite different to the "very traditional and old-fashioned way" that Chalke had run the county.
Chalke was also a board member of the Standards Board for England, retiring in 2006, and Honorary Secretary of the British Wood Turners Association for many years. He continues in business as a director of Brooklet Developments and ACC Properties Ltd.
Personal life
In 1966, Chalke married Anne Rhind-Tutt, a member of a long-established Wiltshire family. They had two children and four grandchildren and celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 2016, when they were living in Stapleford.
Honours
In the 1996 New Year Honours, Chalke was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for political and public services.
Notes
1944 births
Living people
Councillors in South West England
Conservative Party (UK) councillors
Members of Wiltshire County Council
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Chafyn Grove School
People from Salisbury
Leaders of local authorities of England |
一般智力因素，是一个充满争议的用于心理学（心理计量学）的构建物，用以量化智商测验的分数。
一般智力理论为一个关于其的假说和结果，即其生物学依据，稳定性／可延展性，和现实世界任务的相关性及其他的问题。
智力
心理統計學
智力測驗 |
珀拉斯凯（）是美国弗吉尼亚州珀拉斯凯县的一个镇。2000年人口普查时共有9473人。它是珀拉斯凯县的县治。
地理
珀拉斯凯位于 (37.050094, -80.772193).
根据美国人口普查局的信息，该镇面积7.8 平方英里 (20.3 km2)，全部都是陆地
人口统计
截至2000年的人口普查，全镇共有9473居民，4173户和2670个家庭。人口密度是1211.2人每平方英里(467.7/km2)。该镇4517个住房单位平均密度为577.6个每平方英里(223.0/km2)。全镇人口89.55%是白种人，7.75%是非洲裔美国人，0.12%是美国土著，0.36%是亚裔，0.08% 是太平洋岛民，0.96%来自其他种族。西班牙裔和拉丁美洲裔分别占2.02%。
全镇4173户的25.9%有18岁以下的孩子和他们居住，45.8%户是已经结婚的，14.0%户已婚丧夫的家庭，还有36.0%户是非家庭。4173户的31.9%由个人组成，15.4%户居住着65岁及以上的独居老人。平均每户有2.24人，每个家庭2.80人。
教育
珀拉斯凯县高中是珀拉斯凯县唯一的一所高中。学校位于都柏林，总共有1500个学生。新河社区学院是距离珀拉斯凯县最近的高校。
娱乐
该镇有珀拉斯凯水手棒球俱乐部。
參見
珀拉斯凯縣
参考文献
外部链接
Claytor Lake Online Website
弗吉尼亚州行政区划 |
C. Rieger's Sons Factory, also known as Arden Manufacturing Corporation and Piser Company, is a historic factory building located in the Mott Haven section of The Bronx, New York, New York. It was built in 1906, and is a six-story building clad in yellow iron spot brick in the Romanesque Revival style. The facade and windows are trimmed in bluestone. It originally housed a furniture manufacturer. It was converted for use as affordable housing during 2002–2003.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
References
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
Romanesque Revival architecture in New York City
Industrial buildings completed in 1906
National Register of Historic Places in the Bronx
Mott Haven, Bronx
Residential buildings in the Bronx
1906 establishments in New York City |
類劍齒虎（Machaeroides）是有劍齒的肉齒目，生存於始新世（56 - 34 百萬年前）。牠們的化石於美國懷俄明州發現。牠們是已知最早的劍齒哺乳動物。
描述
類劍齒虎的兩個物種都像細小如狗的劍齒虎。牠們與真正的劍齒虎分別在於有較長的頭顱骨及是蹠行的。類劍齒虎與其近親的Apataelurus分別是牠們的劍齒較細小。不過即使體型不大，類劍齒虎具備了劍齒以及強壯的前肢，有能力獵捕體型較自己大的獵物，包括生存於該時期的馬或是犀牛。
其下的M. eothen重約 ，大小如斯塔福郡鬥牛梗。而M. simpsoni則更細小。
分類
雖然類劍齒虎明顯是屬於肉齒目，但其位置則不明。學者對於將類劍齒虎屬與Apataelurus分類在牛鬣獸科或鬣齒獸科出現分歧，不過最近的研究顯示應為前者。
參考文獻
類劍齒虎屬
始新世哺乳類
北美洲史前哺乳動物 |
The International Association for the Study of the Commons (IASC) was founded in 1989 as The International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP). It is a non-for-profit organization that sees as its mission to further the understanding of institutions for the management of resources that are or could be held or used collectively as a commons by communities in developing and industrialized countries.
According to its vision statement, the goals of the association are:
to encourage exchange of knowledge on the commons among diverse disciplines, areas, and resource types
to foster mutual exchange of scholarship and practical experience
to promote appropriate institutional design
International Journal of the Commons
IASC publishes the International Journal of the Commons, "an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed open-access journal ... dedicated to furthering the understanding of institutions for use and management of resources that are (or could be) enjoyed collectively." The journal's editors-in-chief are Frank van Laerhoven (Utrecht University) and Michael Schoon (Arizona State University).
Conferences
The association organizes biennial global conferences as well as regional conferences. In 2012, it also organized the first First Thematic Conference on the Knowledge Commons.
See also
Common land
Tragedy of the commons
Information Commons
Knowledge commons
Commons-based peer production
References
External links
International Association for the Study of the Commons official website
International Journal of the Commons
First Thematic Conference of IASC on the Knowledge Commons
Public commons
International professional associations
Organizations established in 1989
Ecological economics |
四川都指挥使司，明朝十六个都指挥使司之一。
洪武四年（1371年）六月平明升。七月置四川等处行中书省。九月置成都都卫。洪武八年（1375年）十月改都卫为四川都指挥使司，治成都府。四川都指挥使司属于右军都督府。
下辖卫所
成都左护卫、成都右护卫（后为龙虎左卫，隶南京左府）、成都中护卫（后为豹韬左卫，隶南京前府）、成都左卫（革）、成都右卫、成都前卫、成都后卫、成都中卫、宁川卫、茂州卫、建昌卫（后属行都司）、重庆卫、敘南衞、苏州卫（后为宁番卫，属行都司，革）、泸州卫、松潘军民指挥使司、岩州卫（革）、青川千户所、威州千户所、大渡河千户所
后来改制：
成都左护卫、成都右卫、成都中卫、成都前卫、成都后卫、宁川卫、茂州卫、重庆卫、叙南卫、泸州卫、利州卫旧无，后设、松潘卫旧为军民指挥使司，后改、青川千户所、保宁千户所、威州千户所、雅州千户所、大渡河千户所、广安千户所、灌县千户所，浦江关军民千户所（后革）
已下各所后设黔江千户所、叠溪千户所、建武千户所、小河千户所、蜀府仪卫司、寿府仪卫司（革）、寿府群牧所（革）
土官
天全六番招讨使司（属都司）
陇木头长官司、静州长官司、岳希蓬长官司（属茂州卫）
石砫宣抚司、西阳宣抚司（属重庆卫）
石耶洞长官司、邑梅洞长官司（属酉阳宣抚司）
占藏先结簇长官司、蜡匝簇长官司、白马路簇长官司、发山洞簇长官司、阿昔洞簇长官司、北定簇长官司、麦匝簇长官司、者多簇长官司、牟力簇长官司、班班簇长官司、祈命簇长官司、勒都簇长官司、包藏簇长官司、阿思簇长官司、思曩儿簇长官司、阿用簇长官司、潘斡寨长官司、八郎安抚司、阿角寨安抚司、麻儿匝安抚司、芒儿者安抚司已上俱属松潘卫、叠溪长官司、郁即长官司（属叠溪千户所）
参考文献
《明史·兵志》
《明史·地理志》
参见
明朝都司卫所列表
四川行都指挥使司
明朝都指挥使司
四川古代行政区划 |
李炳淑（），安徽人，中国京劇表演艺术家，工旦行。
生平
青少年時在安徽當地的京劇團學戲和工作，1959年被選送到上海市戲曲學校學習，師從言慧珠、张君秋等多位先生，并拜師魏蓮芳先生。
上海市戲曲學校畢業后在上海京劇院二團工作。
文革期間，她在《龍江頌》（第2批樣板戲裡的1個）劇組工作，飾女主角江水英，并主演彩色京劇電影。
作品
她主演改革開放初期的彩色京劇電影《白蛇傳》（琴師沈雁西，鼓師焦寶宏，作曲馬錦良、曾加慶、沈雁西）。
参考资料
Bin
安徽女演员
京劇演員
中国戏剧家协会会员 |
David Wilman (born 19 December 1934) is a British field hockey player. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1934 births
Living people
British male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Great Britain
Field hockey players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
People from Yeadon, West Yorkshire |
中国人民解放军贵州省军区，是中国人民解放军现属中央军委国防动员部的一个省级军区，管辖范围为贵州省。
历史
历任司令员
陳慶雲（2003年－2005年）
邱型柏 （2005年5月－2007年6月）
凌峰（2008年8月－2011年10月）
李亚洲（2011年10月－2013年11月）
王盛槐（2013年11月－2017年4月）
王艳勇（2017年4月－）
王雷
历任副司令员
刘永康
莫春和
张量
廖錫俊
王光輝
马秉臣
历任政治委员
康虎振
石晓（2008年12月－2014年3月）
谢武忠（2014年3月－）
池必卿
蓝亦农
王贵德
李再含
蒋崇安
谢武忠
李辉（2018年1月－）
吳賀憲
参考文献
参见
中央军事委员会国防动员部
中国人民解放军成都军区
中国人民武装警察部队贵州省总队
中央军委驻贵阳单位 |
A420 may refer to :
A420 road (England)
Bass Highway (Victoria), a highway in Australia |
川芎茶调丸成分或处方？川芎、白芷、羌活、细辛、防风、荆芥、薄荷、甘草。 |
Death Is My Only Friend is the fifth studio album by American hardcore punk band Death by Stereo, released in July 2009. It is their first album in four years, since the release of Death for Life in 2005, the longest gap between Death by Stereo's studio albums to date.
Album information
Writing and recording sessions for Death Is My Only Friend lasted for almost two years, making it the longest time Death by Stereo has ever spent making an album. Writing for the follow-up to Death for Life began in the summer/fall 2006 while original guitarist Jim Miner and original drummer Jarrod Alexander would reunite with the band to work on the album.
It was confirmed by frontman Efrem Schulz that this album would be recorded with two drummers, Alexander and Chris Dalley (from Ten Foot Pole). Dalley, who had toured with the band for the last few months since the departure of longtime drummer Todd Hennig, will be doing the bulk of future tours, while Alexander tours with his post-Death by Stereo band A Static Lullaby.
Schulz also confirmed that Miner will be doing random, but will not be doing full tours while promoting this album. However, he would only be writing and recording the album, only months after his recent wrist surgery. Miner's brother, Paul, also returned to the band to play bass on the new album along with the band's current bassist, Tyler Rebbe, who has been recording an album with his other band Pulley.
Death Is My Only Friend also marks the first time that Alexander and the Miner brothers have recorded albums together under the name Death by Stereo since If Looks Could Kill, I'd Watch You Die.
The album's seventh track, "Forever and a Day" is a re-recorded version of the track of the same name from Death for Life.
The album is now out of print.
Track listing
Band line-up
Efrem Schulz – vocals, guitars
Dan Palmer – lead guitar, backing vocals
JP Giricke – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Tyler Rebbe – bass, backing vocals
Chris Dalley – drums
Additional credits
Jason Freese – producer, piano, string arrangements
References
Death by Stereo albums
2009 albums
Serjical Strike Records albums |
The Philippines supports a rich and varied flora with close botanical connections to Indonesia and mainland Southeast Asia. Forests cover almost one-half of the land area and are typically tropical, with the dominant family, Dipterocarpaceae, representing 75% of the stands. The forest also has vines, epiphytes, and climbers. Open grasslands, ranging up to 2.4 m (8 ft) in height, occupy one-fourth of the land area; they are man- made, the aftermath of the slash-and-burn agricultural system, and most contain tropical savanna grasses that are nonnutritious and difficult to eradicate. The diverse flora includes 8,000 species of flowering plants, 1,000 kinds of ferns, and 800 species of orchids.
Seventy to eighty percent of non-flying mammals in the Philippines are found nowhere else in the world.
Common mammals include the wild hog, deer, wild carabao, monkey, civet cat, and various rodents. There are about 196 breeding species of birds, among the more numerous being the megapodes (turkey-like wildfowl), button quail, jungle fowl, peacock pheasant, dove, pigeon, parrot, and hornbill. Reptilian life is represented by 190 species; there are crocodiles and the larger snakes include the python and several varieties of cobra.
The fauna on Bohol is almost identical to that on Mindanao, Samar, and Leyte, but not that on nearby Negros. Scientists believe that the floral and faunal biodiversity unique to the Philippines is caused by the Ice Age. They also believe that the country has the most severely endangered plant and animal communities on earth.
Bohol is an island province in the Philippines and its 10th largest island. It is located in the Central Visayas region and has a population of 1,137,000 (2000 census) with an area of 4,117.3 km.
This is a list of the most common species and varieties of flora and fauna specific to the province of Bohol in the Philippines, endemic or otherwise.
List of Bohol Flora
Hardwood and other tree species
abihíd-Spondias pinnata
Acacia – Rain tree; Samanea saman Merr.; Other scientific names: Mimosa saman Jacq.; Inga saman Willd.; Pithecolobium saman Benth.; Enterolobium saman Prain
almáciga – Agathis philippinensis
bagakay
Bagalñga (C. Bis.) – Lygodium japonicum; Paraiso Bagalunga – Melia dubia
bago-Gnetum gnemon
balete – India rubber tree; Ficus elastica
bánaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa; queen's flower or crepe myrtle and the pride of India;
bangkal – Nauclea orientalis; Leichhardt tree, yellow cheesewood
bangkaw – Nauclea subdita; bulobangkal, bongkol
Batinô – Alstonia macrophylla
bitaóg – Calophyllkum blancoi; Calophyllum wallichianum Vidal
bujangjang – Prayer beads; Arbus precatorius Linn.; saga
bulí – Corypha elata Roxb.; buri
kawayan – Bambusa spinosa; Bambusa vulgaris
dapdap – Erythrina variegata Linn. var. orientalis (Linn.); Indian coal tree
Date palm – Palmae (INTRODUCED)
dorol – also called doldol; kapok (Tag.) ; Ceiba pentandra
Eucalyptus – Eucalyptus globulus (INTRODUCED)
Gemilina – Gmelina arborea (INTRODUCED)
Ipil-ipil – Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (INTRODUCED)
lauaan – Diptecarpus thurifer white lauan – Shorea contorta
lubí – niyóg – Coconut – Cocos nucifera
madre de cacao – kakawate; Gliricidia sepium (INTRODUCED)
mahogany – Philippine Mahogany; Swietenia mahagoni (Meliaceae) (INTRODUCED)
mangga – Mango; Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae); Bohol mangga
mangrove – Rhizophora mangle; red mangrove; pagatpat; manggal
mangrove – Avicennia nitida; black mangrove
mangrove – Sonneratia
mangrove – Brugiera; red mangrove
mangrove – bakhawan babae-Rhizophora mucronata; bakhawan lalake-Rhizophora apiculata
mangrove – piyapî
mangrove – piyag-aw; bigî or tabigi; Xylocarpus moluccensis
mangrove – Bigî (Tagb.); Tabigi-Xylocarpus granatum
maribojoc – agoho; Casuarina equisitofolia
molave – Vitex parviflora; tugás
narra – Philippine cedar; Pterocarpus indicus; Pterocarpus santalinus
Neem tree – Azadirachta indica (INTRODUCED)
ninô or linô – Indian mulberry; Morinda citrifolia; apatot (noni juice)
nipâ – Nypa fruticans; nipâ palm
nitô – Lygodium japonicum
oliva – olive; Cycas revoluta
pitogo – Cycas
papuwá – annatto; Bixa orellana Linn.; suetes; atsuete (INTRODUCED)
rattan – Calamus
Rubber tree – Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) (INTRODUCED)
teak – Philippine teak; Tectona philippinensis
tipó – Antipolo; Artocarpus blancoi Merr.
talisay – Terminalia catappa; almond
yakál – Dipterocarpus plagutus-Shorea astylosa
Note: very highly regulated species in the Philippines: lauaan, narra, Philippine mahogany
Fruit trees/plants
alibangbang – Bauhinia malabarica; butterfly-shaped leaves from a tree used for souring
atis – sugar apple; Annona squamosa Linn.; anonas (INTRODUCED)
Avocado – Persea americana; avocado (INTRODUCED)
balingbing – star fruit; Averrhoa carambola Linn.; also Averrhoa pentandra Blanco (INTRODUCED)
batuan – Garcinia morella, a small sour green fruit with a large seed
bayabas – Guava; Psidium guajava (INTRODUCED)
boongon – pomelo; Citrus maxima
bugnay – Antidesma bunius Linn.; bignay
cacao – Theobroma cacao (INTRODUCED)
kapeng barako – Philippine coffee; Coffea arabica; Coffea canephora or C. robusta (INTRODUCED)
kaimito – caimito; Chrysophyllum caninito Linn.; star apple (INTRODUCED)
chico – Achras sapota Linn.; Sapota achras Mill.; Sapota zapotilla Coville (INTRODUCED)
chico- Manilkara zapote, a brown sweet fruit with black seeds (INTRODUCED)
Chinese holly – Ilex cornuta (INTRODUCED)
Curcuma domestica, turmeric (INTRODUCED)
dayáp – Citrus aurantifolia, lime (INTRODUCED)
duhat – Syzygium cumini, Java plum
durian – Durio zibethinus
granada – Punica granatum; Pomegranate (INTRODUCED)
guyabano – Soursop; Annona muricata Linnaeus or A. muricata L. (Annonaceae); guyabano
ibâ – Averrhoa bilimbi; kamias
joló; koló – bread fruit; Artocarpus altilis
kamátsile – Pithecellobium dulce, kamachille, Madras thorn fruit
kapayas or kapajas – Papaya; Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) (INTRODUCED)
kasúy – Anacardium occidentale, cashew (INTRODUCED)
lanzones – Lansium parasiticum
lemoncito – × Citrofortunella microcarpa, kalamansi a small lime indigenous to the Philippines; also called Calamondin, Chinese orange, Panama orange
linga – Sesamum indicum
lomboy – black plum; Syzygium cumini; duhat in Tagalog
macopa – Syzygium samarangense
mangga – mango ; Mangifera indica (carabao, pajo)
manzanitas – datiles; ratiles; Muntingia calabura; a little cherry-like wild fruit (INTRODUCED)
marang – Artocarpus odoratissima
nangkâ – Jackfruit; Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.; langkâ (INTRODUCED)
orange – Citrus aurantium; local orange; dalandan in Tagalog (INTRODUCED)
orange – Mandarin orange; Citrus reticulata (INTRODUCED)
orange – tangerine orange; Citrus nobilis ;dalandan (INTRODUCED)
orange – local lemon or lime – Citrus; dayap in Tagalog (INTRODUCED)
orange – Citrus medica (INTRODUCED)
passion fruit – Passiflora incarnata (INTRODUCED)
pili nut – Canarium ovatum
pinya or pinja – Pineapple; Ananas comosus
saging tundan – Banana; Musa; (Musaceae)
Saging sab-a – Banana variety; Musa (Musaceae)
Saging cavendish; Banana variety; Musa (Musaceae)
Saging senyorita; Banana variety; Musa (Musaceae)
Saging morado
sambag – Tamarindus indica; tamarind; sampalok (INTRODUCED)
Santol – Sandoricum koetjape Merr. (INTRODUCED)
siriguelas; sineguelas in Visayan or sigarilyas in Tagalog Spondias sp
suwâ-suwâ – Triphasia trifolia P. Wils.
tambis – Syzygium malaccense; Malay apple; Tersana rose apple
tisâ
Tree fern – Cyathea spp. spp.
watermelon – Curcubita citrullus Linn.; also Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.; pakwan (INTRODUCED)
Vegetables
ahos – Garlic; Allium sativum; bawang
Alugbati – Malabar nightshade; Basella rubra Linn.
batong – string beans; Bataw; Dolichos labiab Linn.
carrot – karot; Daucus carota L.
kabasâ – kalabasâ; squash; Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; Curcubita sulcata Blanco
kamatis – Tomato; Solanum lycopersicum or Lycopersicum esculentum
kamunggay – malunggay; Moringa oleifera
katuray – Sesbania grandiflora, a white flower used in salads
kinstsay – Apium graveolens, Chinese celery
kolis – Pisonia alba, lettuce tree, also called maluko in Tagalog
kulitis – Amaranthus viridis, slender amaranth
kundol – Benicasa hispida; wax gourd
kutsay – Allium odorum; Chinese chives
Lagundî; Vitex negundo
laurel – Antidesma bunius; Chinese laurel
luy-a – ginger; Zingiber officinale; luya
munggos – munggo; Phaseolus aureus; green mung bean
mustasa – Brassica juncea v. integrifola; mustard greens
okra – Abelmoschus escuclentus Linn.; also Hibiscus esculentis Linn.
pandan -Pandanus odoratissimus; screw pine
paliyá or palijá – Bitter melon; Momordica charantia; Ampalaya
patola – Luffa cylindrica; sponge gourd
patola – Luffa acutangula; Loofah
pechay – Brassica chinensis; pakchoy; bokchoy
pipino – cucumber; Cucumis sativus
pipino – Cucumber; zucchini; Cucurbita pepo
radish; Raphanus
repolyo – cabbage; Brassica oleracea
saluyot – Corchorus olitorius; Jew's mallow
sayote – Sechium edule; chayote; mirliton pear
sibuyas bombay – Onion; Allium cepa
sibuyas dahon – Allium sativum
sili – Capsicum annuum; chili
sili'ng kulikot – Capsicum frutescens; siling labuyo; Cayenne
sili- pepper; Solanum capsicum (Solanaceae)
singkamas – Pachyrhizus erosus; yambean
tangkong or kangkong; Ipomoea aquatica; swamp cabbage, potato vine
tawong or talong; eggplant – Solanum melongena
Ocimum sanctum – holy basil
upo – Lagenaria leucantha; bottle gourd
Corindrium sativum – coriander leaf
Flowering plants
adelfa – Oleander; South sea rose; Nerium indicum Mill.; Neroum oleander Blanco; Nerium odorum Soland.
alas kuwatro
antuwanga – gumamela; hibiscus; China rose; shoeflower; Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Asparagus (genus) – green fern, for bouquets; Asparagus plumosus
Aster
bahug-bahug – Vernonia cinerea; bulak-manok; billy goat weed
banaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa
bangka-bangkaan – Rhoeo discolor
bird of paradise (plant) – Strelitzia reginae
bombil – bougainvillea; Bougainvillea
Bromeliad
bunga – Areca nut; Areca catechu; Areca alba (lubi lubi)
caballero – peacock flower; Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn.; bulaklak ng paraiso
Comfrey – Symphytum officinale L (tambal sa nuka)
cosmos – Cosmos (genus)
cosmos (bahô) – Tagetes erecta
Chrysanthemum – Chrysanthemum sinense; manzanilla
daisy
dancing lady
dandelion- Taraxacum officinale Weber; Leontodon taraxacum Linn.; Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf.
Dendrobium
duranta – "Duranta repens Linn."; golden duranta
Ginseng
ground orchids
ilang ilang – also known as Ylang-ylang; Cananga odorata
Japanese rose – Rosa rugosa
kalachuchi – frangipani; Plumeria; Plumiera rubra
kataká-taká – Kalanchoe pinnata (synonym: Bryophyllum pinnatum)
kalanchoe – Kalanchoe sp.
kamantigi – mantigi; Touch me not; Impatiens balsamina
kutsaritas – Althernanthera sp.; (Amaranthaceae)
kulitis – Amaranthus spinosus; uray
kumintang – also tsitsirika; rosy periwinkle; Catharanthus roseus
lirio – Crinum latifolim Linn.
Maiden's hair plant – Chlorodesmis sp.
Marigold – Calendula
mayana or majana – Coleus sp.; Coleus blumei
Million flower
pamintâ – Piper nigrum; black pepper
pandong pandong – Celosia cristata Linn.; cock's comb
Paragayo – san francisco
Poinsettia – Euphorbia pulcherrima
quiapo – kiapo; water cabbage; Pistia stratiotes
rosál – Gardenia jasminioides; gardenia
rose – rose; Genus: Rosa
sabila – Aloe vera
sagisi – Anahaw
sagusahis – used as sandpaper for desks
sampaguita – Jasmine; Jasminum sambac Linn.
santal ?
santan – Ixora sp.
sunflower – Helianthus annuus
tsampaka – Michelia champaca
Verbena – Verbena officinalis
violeta – bayolota; violets; Viola odorata L.
waling-waling- Vanda
yellow bell – kampanilya; Allamanda cathartica
Bohol endemic species
Arygyreia boholensis (Convolvulaceae)
Blumea stenophylla (Labiatae)
Dendrocalamus sp.- large bamboos; kawayan
Dischidias (Asclepiadaceae)
Hoyas
Imperata cylindrica
Ixora littoralis (Rubiaceae)
Macrosolena mcgregorii (Loranthaceae)
Saccharum spontaneum
Several Compositae
lukdo – ferns
Source:
Grasses/Herbs/Weeds
abacá – Musa textilis; Manila Hemp
acapulco – Cassia alata
amor seco – Andropogon aciculatus
bahô-bahô- Utot-utot; koronitas; kantutay; Lantana camara
bilâ bilâ – Eleusine indica
bugáng – talahib; Saccharum spontaneum
butones butones – Cyperus rotundus
cogon – kogon; Imperata cylindrica
Euphorbia hirta
fern 1 – Athyrium esculentum; pako
fern 2 – bird's nest fern; Asplenium nidus
fern 3 – Drynaria quercifolia
gulasiman – Portulaca oleracea
hibî-hibî – makahiya; Mimosa pudica
humay – rice; Oryza sativa; palay
kana (Bis.) – Cardiospermum halicacabum; Heart Pea; Balloon Vine
kanding-kanding – Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
maís – corn
Oregano – Origanum vulgare; wild marjoram, mountain mint, origanum, wintersweet and winter marjoram
oregano – Coleus aromaticus Benth.
peppermint – Mentha piperita
Quisqualis indica – Chinese honeysuckle; "niyog-niyogan"
sábila – Aloe vera;
Sambong- Blumea camphora ; Blumea balsamifera
sinaw sinaw or sida sida – ulasimang Bato; Peperomia pellucida; pansit-pansitan
tangad or tanglad – lemon grass; Cymbopogon citratus; Cymbopogon spp.
tawá tawá – Euphorbia hirta; boto-botonis; gatas-gatas
tubó – sugar cane; Saccharum officinarum
tubá-tubá – Jatropha curcas; also known as tubang bakod in Tagalog; Physic Nut in English or interchangeably tubá-tubá or Jatropha (Tuba-Tuba Plant Seeds (Jatropha) to Bio-diesel Fuel)
tsaang gubat – Ehretia microphylla;
yerba buena – Mentha spicata
Root crops
apale
balanghoy – Cassava; Manihot esculenta Crantz; kamoteng kahoy
camote – Sweet potatoes; Ipomoea batatas
gabi – taro; Colocasia esculenta Linn.
patatas – potatoes; Solanum tuberosum
singkamas – Pachyrrhizus erosus Linn.
Ube kinampay – purple yam; Dioscorea alata
Ube- yam; Dioscorea alata
other cash crops
Seaweeds
Acetabularia
ambáng
Chlorella
Codium fragile
eelgrasses – seagrasses; thalasia
guaman – Gracilaria compressa
gusô – Eucheuma spinosum
kelp – Macrocystis
Laminaria
latô – Caulerpa racemosa
Laurencia
lukót
Porphyra
Samô – Sargassum
Ulothrix
Ulva – sea lettuce
Gallery of some Bohol Flora
List of Bohol Fauna
Mammals
baka – Philippine cow; Bos taurus
Baboy ihás – baboy damó; wild boar; Sus scrofa
bóngcaras – sea cow; Dugong dugon
dugong – manatee; Trichechus Linnaeus, 1758
kabaw – kalabaw; Carabao; Bubalus bubalis carabanesis
mawmag, mamag, tarsius – Philippine tarsier; Tarsius syrichta
Kwaknit or kabog – bats ; order Chiroptera
Kagwang – Philippine flying lemur; Cynocephalus volans
Sigbin – kangaroo ?
unggoy – monkey; macaque; Philippine long-tailed macaque; Macaca fascicularis philippinensis
monkeys
milô, musang – common palm civet; Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Annelid
alimátok – Leech; Hirudo medicinalis
earthworm; Lumbricus terrestris
Arthropods
Centipede Class Chilopoda locally known as ulhipan
labód- Millipede ; Class Diplopoda
Reptiles
Python; Python reticulatus; reticulated python
iyón or iwón – Philippine turtle; Chelonia
ahas – snake
baksan
hawo – bayawak; monitor lizard; Varanus salvator
Tikî or tabilí – house lizard;
Tukô – Gecko gecko
tawoto (taloto)
ibid
buaya
baki
ambubukad
cobra
Birds (Ibon)
agul-ol
banog
Antolihaw – dimodlaw; oriole; Oriulus chinensis
Tamsi – sunbird;
Tocmo
iling
maya
Pabo – Turkey; Meleagris gallopavo
itik – Pateros duck
Pato – Muscovy duck
Gansa – Geese
Agila – Philippine eagle; Pithecophaga jefferyi
Uwák – crow; Corone philippina
uwák – Philippine crow; Corvus
salampati or pati – dove
Pigeon
Alimokón
Kuwagô – Philippine owl; Bubo bubo
Manok bisaya – native chicken; Gallus gallus domesticus
sunóy – rooster
Manok ugís
Philippine serpent eagle Spilornis holospilus
brahminy kite
woodpecker
rocky-tailed blue-headed parrot
grass owl
scoop owl
bubock pigeon
water cock
parakeets
reel
Insects
alibangbang – butterfly
lamók – mosquito
langaw – flies
uk-ok – cockroach; ipis (Tag.)
amigas or hulmigas – red ants; langgam (Tag.)
sum – black ants (read soom)
atitud – small ants
anay – white ants
aninipot – Fireflies
don don or lukton – grasshopper
buyóg or bujog – bees
gangis – cricket
beetle
putyukan or putjukan – honey bees
Fish (Isdâ)
andohaw 'mackerel fish'
bakasí 'hawig'
bakáy
baksawan
banák – family magulidae, mullet
bangsi 'flying fish'
bangús – milkfish; Chanos chanos
barilis – Neothunnus macropterus; yellowfin Tuna
bawô 'needle fish'
bolinaw – Encrasicholina oligobranchus; Philippine anchovy
botete 'pupper fish'
burot burot
dalág – Ophicephalus striatus, Murrel
danggit – Siganid
hasâ hasâ
isdâ sa bató
ketong [golden rabbit fish]
kujóg
lapulapu – Family Serranidae ; Grouper
malasugí
mansi
molmol [parrot fish]
pantat
pómpano
samín samín
sugí
sunghanunicorn fish'
tambasakan
tangigue
tilapia – Tilapia; Tilapia zili
tulingan frigged tuna
tuna
blue marlin
mackerel
salmon
silver sea bass – Lates calcarifer;
Goby
sea catfish – Family Ariidae
labajan lupit wrasse – Family Labridae
silver perch or therapon, – Leiopotherapon plumbeus
pakol 'queen triger fish'
lapad-lapad
budboron
solid
tagotongan porcupine fish
dangit '[rabbit fish]'
Note:
bijud sa isda – fish eggs: caviar
sanga is banned
tangkig – dwarf anaconda (sea)
Freshwater fish
ibís – guppy
kasili
anga
Mollusks (Shellfish)
Univalves
Saáng
Chambered Nautilus
bugyong
buskay – cowry; Cypraea; varieties: tiger cowry; golden cowry
cones – Conus
Bivalves
bebe
imbaw
tuway
aninikád
dawo-dawo
Amahóng or tahóng – green bay mussels Perna viridis (affected by tide)
oyster; Crassostrea gigas
clams
giant clams
abalone
scallops
Sea animals
bóngcaras – sea cow
iho – shark
Whale shark; Rhincodon typus
lumód – Dolphin;
dugong – manatee; Dugong dugon
pawikan – sea turtle
pague – manta ray
bat or bat tulî – sea cucumber; Holothuria
lambay – big Crabs
kasag – small crabs
agukoy – fiddler crab; Uca sp.
pasayan – sapayan; also sapajan; shrimp
lukón – prawn
nukos – Squid;
amûpô – Octopus;
crabs – Genus Portunus
nipâ nipâ – crablets
sugâ sugâ – crablets
Lobster
Tangkigan
Taklâ- crayfish
Brittle stars; Ophiurida
Sand dollars
Starfish – A. typicus
tuyóm or tujóm – sea urchins; Diadema
swakê –
blue crab
mud crab
uwáng – Ustacidae, crayfish;
uwáng – Macrobrachium rosenbergii, giant freshwater prawn
sunlutan
Exotic species
Kuhól – golden apple snail; Ampullaria cuprina
Gallery of Bohol Fauna
Gallery Philippine tarsier
References
External links
Philippine Herbal Medicine Site
Complete List of Herbal Medicinal Plants in Tagalog and English
List of Philippine Herbal Medicinal Plants
Philippine Invertebrates
The Cave shrimps of the Philippines
Primavera, J.H Philippine Mangroves: Status, Threats and Sustainable Development
Vanishing treasures Retrieved February 1, 2007
Bohol flora and fauna
Bohol
ceb:Listahan sa mga tanom ug mananap sa Bohol |
貝紐夫斯基·莫利茲（，），又譯為莫利茲·貝紐夫斯基（；；拉丁化：），依其英文譯名（）又有轉寫為莫利斯·貝尼奧斯基、伯尼約斯基等，他自述「出生於匈牙利貴族」，匈牙利伯爵，奧地利軍人，波蘭抗俄軍指揮官，法國軍團上校，法國伯爵，馬達加斯加行政長官、國王。其先祖曾於14世紀移居波蘭，有波蘭貴族、父系有斯洛伐克貴族血統。匈牙利、波蘭、斯洛伐克等三國都視其為本國人。
生平
貝紐夫斯基1746年出生與成長於當時為匈牙利王國領土的（現為斯洛伐克弗爾博韋）。1762年加入奧地利軍隊參與七年戰爭。1764年放棄天主教改信路德教派，遭受宗教迫害，1766年逃離匈牙利前往波蘭。1768年在波蘭與巴爾聯盟（）接觸，17691770年加入聯盟對抗俄國的戰爭，因戰敗被俄軍所俘，曾越獄被捕改囚禁在西伯利亞的監獄。1771年煽動其他獄囚一起越獄逃亡奪得俄國船艦，5月12日從堪察加半島出海，經阿留申群島、阿拉斯加、千島群島、日本、琉球，在8月左右於台灣東部上岸，與原住民發生戰鬥後，向北航行，停泊在加禮宛灣。在此得知後山為無主之地，因而萌生說服歐洲國家資助其殖民之計畫。他在協助當地部落與一些敵對部落交戰後離台，途經澳門、馬達加斯加、非洲，1772年7月抵達法國返回歐洲。他向法王路易十五和神聖羅馬帝國皇帝約瑟夫二世提出福爾摩沙殖民計畫，但皆未被採納。法王轉而同意他在馬達加斯加建立殖民地的提議，1774年任命他率領軍隊、商團進駐馬達加斯加設立據點，封為伯爵，就任行政長官。他讓島上各族原住民服膺，教導島民使用拉丁字母書寫，1776年10月1日島上各族酋長共推他為「馬達加斯加國王」，然因其成績遭忌為法籍上司詆毀，年底被調回法國。1777年他與波蘭巴爾聯盟指揮官在巴黎重逢，結識美國駐法使節富蘭克林，向美國提議在馬達加斯加建立軍事據點對抗英國，未被美國採納。1779年與1782年兩度前往美國，提出效命於美國獨立革命之請，其多項軍事建言亦被回絕，他只好返回歐洲，轉向英國遊說。1783年，為了向英國遊說取得返回馬達加斯加的贊助，他將其探險經歷的法文手稿交給英國皇家學會成員翻譯成英文（但拖到1790年才出版），後來在富蘭克林等人的協助下才找到美國的贊助商，成立英美合資的公司，進行馬達加斯加的貿易經營。1785年他重回馬達加斯加，取回當初法國的據點，並在島的最東端「東角」新設據點，經營奴隸買賣。他強占法國據點、與美國合作日益密切，都激怒法國當局，1786年法國派出60人遠征軍征討，5月23日他右胸中彈戰死。馬達加斯加脫離殖民獨立後，移除與西方有關的名稱，但唯獨他的名字被流傳下來。1790年自傳《貝尼奧斯基伯爵回憶錄與遊記》（The Memoirs and Travels of Mauritius August Count de Benyowsky）出版，其冒險事蹟被改編成戲劇、歌劇。
首名踏足台灣的匈牙利人
「貝尼奧斯基」其實是依照慣用的英文譯名的翻譯，他的匈牙利名字拼為（匈牙利人的名字姓在前名在後）；因為他既然是匈牙利人，則採匈牙利語發音譯為「貝紐夫斯基」似更加貼切。
貝紐夫斯基被視為第一個接觸台灣的匈牙利人。在他的航海日誌裡，曾記述他在台灣東海岸登陸和逗留十幾天的事情。貝紐夫斯基一行人於1771年（乾隆36年）8月26日正式登陸當時仍然被稱為「福爾摩沙」的台灣島東北部，先在某處登陸，伊能嘉矩認為在秀姑巒溪口，莊宏哲認為在蘇澳灣，因受到原住民的襲擊，乃北轉登陸「加禮宛灣」（Kaleewan Bay，即現今冬山河河口一帶）。在這短短的十幾天裡，曾受到島上原住民的襲擊，但後來透過島上一名西班牙人 的幫助，與另一族原住民一同進行報復反擊得勝。繼而，這一幫原住民跟貝紐夫斯基商議聯手驅逐在島上的漢人，其頭目Huapo並與貝紐夫斯基誓約結盟，同意在事成後將王國讓予貝紐夫斯基。貝紐夫斯基等人結束十幾天在台灣島上的探索及歷險後，9月12日往澳門繼續航程，...........。
1928年伊能嘉矩身後出版《台灣文化志》，記錄日本人稱他為「」，故亦有人漢譯為半邊五郎。
參考書目
蘭伯特，2002，風中之葉：福爾摩沙見聞錄。台北：經典雜誌出版社。
臺灣慣習研究會，1903，臺灣慣習記事 第三卷 第十一號。
莊宏哲，2010，匈牙利---走馬不看花。台北：華成圖書出版股份有限公司。ISBN 978-986-192-081-8
外部連結
莫利斯·奥古斯特·贝纽夫斯基伯爵游历记: 讲述了他在荷兰的军事行动、他被流到到堪察加半岛、他的逃亡以及从堪察加半岛穿越北太平洋、路过日本与台湾、最后抵达中国广东的航行以及他被任命记录马达加斯加岛上法国定居者情况的内容
B
B
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江戶時代外國人 |
拉芬斯堡（德语：）是德国巴登-符腾堡州的一个市镇。总面积92.05平方公里，总人口49929人，其中男性24143人，女性25786人（2011年12月31日），人口密度542人/平方公里。
参见
巴登-符腾堡州市镇列表
参考
巴登-符腾堡州市镇
1270年代建立的國家或政權 |
Lõpi is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Leisi Parish.
References
Villages in Saare County |
上海治骨质疏松哪家医院最好？骨质疏松是全身骨骼成分减少的一种现象，主要表现为骨组织内单位体积中骨量减少，骨矿物质和骨基质比例的减少，骨组织的显微结构发生改变而致其骨组织的正常荷载功能发生变化。骨质疏松在临床上表现为骨骼疼痛（如腰背疼）、病理性骨折。椎体变形、体态变形致“龟背”出现，伴有周身骨骼的疼痛等症状，称为骨质疏松症，是一种全身性的骨骼疾病。骨质疏松症是一种常见病、多发病。我国50－60岁的妇女约30%患绝经后骨质疏松症，60岁以上妇女的患病率约为30%－50%，老年男性的骨质疏松症患病率约20%－30%。治疗骨质疏松要避免走进哪些误区治疗骨质疏松确实有可能会走进很多误区，其中比较常见的有：一，骨质疏松症是小病，治疗无需小题大做。骨质疏松常见的症状是疼痛、乏力，一般不会致命，但出现了骨质，有的会导致严重的并发症，也是相当危险。二，骨质疏松症自己吃药就可以，不需要去医院就诊。但是要知道骨质疏松症其实是一个需要综合治疗的疾病，需要医生根据患者的情况，制定个体化的治疗方案。三，认为骨质疏松容易发生骨折，所以说需要静养，不适合活动，显然这种情况也是误区。尤其老年朋友一定要注意，应该适当的行走。四，骨折手术后，骨骼就正常了，显然也是错误的。尤其骨质疏松症的患者在骨折手术以后，也是需要一定的恢复。另外对于骨质疏松症治疗误区，还包括喝骨头汤就能够防止骨质疏松，其实骨头汤特别是长骨，脂肪含量比较高，吃多了容易长胖，反而补钙效果不好。还有人认为治疗骨质疏松症就是补钙，其实治疗骨质疏松是一个综合的过程，补钙只是一方面。 |
Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase (, CYP97C1, LUT1) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-carotene:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
alpha-carotene + O2 + AH2 alpha-cryptoxanthin + A + H2O
Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase is a heme-thiolate protein (P450)..
References
External links
EC 1.14.99 |
藤黄（）是一种黄色颜料，产于柬埔寨、越南、泰国、印度等地。其拉丁文名称即源于柬埔寨（）一词。
藤黄取自热带金丝桃科植物的树脂，常用的包括藤黄属植物（柬埔寨与泰国）、（印度与斯里兰卡）、及（缅甸）等。
藤黄自古代由柬埔寨、越南等地传入中国后，成为中国画中一种常用的颜料。因多产越南而被为“林邑之黄”（林邑位于今越南中部），又称“越黄”。后“越”俗成为“月”，故称为“月黄”。此外，元代周达观记载真腊（位于今柬埔寨）文化的《真腊风土记》中称其为“画黄”，因而藤黄又被叫作“真腊画黄”。
参考文献
延伸阅读
颜料
树脂
黄色系
橙色系 |
The 2014–15 season is the Futbol Club Barcelona "B" 45th in existence and the club's 22nd season in Segunda División and 5th consecutive season in the second top flight of Spanish football.
Season Overview
During the summer transfer window, many players like Rodri, Dani Nieto, Javier Espinosa, Edu Bedia departed, while players such as Alen Halilović, Diawandou Diagne, Maxi Rolón and Fabrice Ondoa all joined the club. Despite finishing in third place in 2013–14, the team suffered relegation at the end of the season.
Players
Squad information
Transfers in
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Total expending: €2.23 million
Transfers out
Total income: €780,000
Total expenditure: €1.45 million
References
FC Barcelona Atlètic seasons
FC Barcelona B
Barcelona B
Barcelona B |
Andargachew Yelak is an Ethiopian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saint George SC.
International career
In August 2014, coach Mariano Barreto, invited him to be a part of the Ethiopia squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification.
References
Living people
Ethiopian men's footballers
Ethiopia men's A' international footballers
2014 African Nations Championship players
1997 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Men's association football midfielders
Ethiopia men's international footballers
Saint George S.C. players |
巴特布拉姆施泰特（德语：）是德国石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因州的一个市镇。总面积24.14平方公里，总人口13835人，其中男性6764人，女性7071人（2011年12月31日），人口密度573人/平方公里。
参见
石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因州市镇列表
参考
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州市镇 |
眼球破裂伤的预防和治疗方法？治疗原则1、有复明希望者，尽早缝合修整伤口；2、抗生素防治感染；3、治疗并发症；4、破裂严重者，确无复明希望者，及时摘除眼球。 用药原则1、如虹膜炎症反应较重，可口服或静滴地塞米松；2、合并眼内感染者，全身及局部应用抗生素，用药时间适当延长。预防常识：眼球破裂伤对视功能损害严重，一旦发生应及时就诊，争取24小时内缝合伤口。切忌挤压眼球以免眼内组织进一步脱出，加重损伤程度。严禁用中草药敷贴伤眼。对于眼球破裂伤应注意眼内有无异物存在，以及日后发生交感性眼炎的可能。患者应作定期检查，特别是伤后2个月内，更应追踪观察。 |
Lubowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złota, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.
References
Lubowiec |
面容呈灰色的治疗和预防方法？中国人健康的肤色，应该是红黄隐隐、明润含蓄。明代表“明亮”，润代表“润泽”，含蓄就是夹有血色，这个就是健康的黄色。而不健康的黄色，往往是淡黄、没有光泽的，就好像是植物缺乏养分和枯萎的样子。 |
塞萊烏什鄉（），是羅馬尼亞的鄉份，位於該國西部，由阿拉德縣負責管轄，面積61平方公里，海拔高度102米，2011年人口3,044，人口密度每平方公里52人。
參考資料
Romanian census data, 2002; retrieved on March 1, 2010
羅馬尼亞鄉份 |
Dunmanus Bay is a bay in County Cork, Ireland. The bay lies between Mizen Head to the south and Sheep's Head to the north with the small village of Durrus at the head of the bay. The bay is out of the main tidal flow with no significant rivers flowing into it and is little frequented by vessels. On the eastern shore of the bay are the ruins of Dunmanus Castle built by the O'Mahony clan. To the south, Dunlough Castle, an earlier O'Mahony fortification, stands atop the cliffs at the northern perch of the Mizen peninsula.
References
A hand book for travellers in Ireland (1854)
Bays of County Cork |
治毛囊炎用什么方法最好？毛囊炎是葡萄球菌感染导致的毛囊炎性的丘疹，主要好发于头面部、颈部、胸背部、臀部，是一种化脓性的皮肤病,分为浅表性的和深在性的,毛囊炎的发病原因有很多，一个是细菌感染，另一个寄生虫引起一些瘙痒性的疾病，通过人的搔抓，时间长了也会引起毛囊炎的损伤，还有就是接触一些化学制剂，比如石油、矿物油、润滑油、石蜡之类的，高温也可以引起毛囊炎的，除此之外，有些药物也可以引起毛囊炎，机体的抵抗力低下，慢性消化性疾病也可以引起毛囊炎的发生，一旦患有毛囊炎，患者出现毛囊炎性的丘疹，一段时间后，会出现脓疱，脓疱干枯后会形成黄痂，最后脱落就可以自然痊愈了，一般细菌感染引起的传染性比较少见，如果是真菌引起的一些毛囊炎也具有一定的传染性。毛囊炎的治疗目前没有什么好的治疗方法，是以消炎为主。毛囊炎以局部为主，如果说范围比较局限，只需要局部使用抗生素或者消炎药膏即可。如果病情进一步发展，那就需要系统使用抗生素。一旦病情进展化脓，就需要及时去医院处理，切开引流。由于病因清楚，治疗上针对性强，所以效果都很显著。但要是患者反复发作在不同位置，且患有系统性疾病，就需要引起高度重视，必要时去医院进行血液或者其他系统的检查。毛囊炎注意事项：1、作息规律：不规律的作息时间和作息习惯会对毛囊炎的治疗造成不良影响，因此在患者患病期间，一定注意按时作息，养成良好的作息习惯；2、禁止搔抓：对于毛囊炎患者来讲，抓挠是引起毛囊炎继发性感染的主要原因之一，因此要注意禁止搔抓。如果晚上睡觉不由自主搔抓，在入睡前可戴手套；3、注意饮食：毛囊炎患者切记禁止食用辛辣、油腻刺激性食物，禁止喝酒。对于可引起上火的瓜子、巧克力等食物不宜食用，可以多食用新鲜水果和蔬菜，增加维生素的摄入，疏通肠胃，加速毒素排出。另外，可以适当饮用苦瓜汁、菊花茶、绿豆汤等清热降火。 |
排卵性出血是什么症状？排卵期出血的症状，排卵期出血，也就是月经中期出血，是指两次正常月经量月经之间的少量出血，一般发生在月经来潮前14天，以下就是女性排卵期出血的症状：出现肉眼可见的阴道出血持续时间可为几小时，或3天-5天，但极少达到7天以上，严重者也可淋漓不净直至下次月经来潮，有的出血量极少，点滴即净，或为带中夹血，一般情况下极少达到月经量。出血一般发生在规律的月经周期的第12～16天，一般历时数小时或2～3天，不超过7天，量明显少于正常月经出血量，可自行停止。可伴有轻度的下腹部不适或者腰部酸痛，也可无伴随不适，有时会偶尔在此次至下次月经周期中发生，也有个别人会持续较长一段时间，在4～5个月经周期都出现排卵期出血。.卵泡成熟速率正常，而黄体寿命过短，致月经过频，周期W21天。雌、孕激素过度分泌，子宫内膜过度反应，形成单纯的月经过多。黄体萎缩不全，雌、孕激素下降延迟，致经期持续时间延长。周期第5天的宫内膜（正常不再有分泌腺体）既有再生的增殖期腺体，也有持续分泌的腺体。近排卵期雌激素略有下降，不能维持宫内膜，产生突破性出血，即排卵期出血。正常情况下，有些女性朋友排卵期出血除了会出现少量阴道流血外，还伴随着小腹疼痛或腰酸症状，以一侧多见、有时也可有双侧腹痛，可轻可重。一般持续数小时，个别患者会持续2～3天。综上所述就是排卵性出血的症状。排卵期不宜吃生冷、酸辣等刺激性食物，多饮开水，保持大便通畅。血热者经期前宜多食新鲜水果和蔬菜，忌食葱、蒜、韭菜、姜等刺激燥湿生热之物。 |
Watch the Birdie is a 1963 British documentary directed by Ken Russell. It looks at photographer David Hurn.
External links
Watch the Birdie at Letterbox DVD
Watch the Birdie at IMDb
Watch the Birdie at BFI
Watch the Birdie at BFI Screenonline
1963 television films
British documentary films
Films directed by Ken Russell
1960s English-language films |
Toxonprucha repentis is a species of moth in the family Erebidae first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Toxonprucha repentis is 8673.
References
Further reading
External links
Omopterini
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1881 |
全植物神经功能不全的并发症？少数病人合并周围（体）神经损害的表现，有周围神经传导速度减慢、神经原性损害肌电、脑脊液蛋白增高而细胞数正常等 |
做梦射精了是什么原因？男性在睡觉时出现做梦射精的现象，如果是处在青春期则称为射精，如果是成年人称为梦遗，普通是肾气虚的表现。正常的男性在青春期（普通是12-13岁起）开始出现遗精，这是男性在身材发育过程当中的正常现象，一般不必过于忧虑，这种环境会跟着年纪的增长到成年后会自行消散，但如果成年人出现此种环境是梦遗，属于肾气不固的症状，多是由于过度劳累，压力过大，身材衰弱等因素造成的，只要找出对应的病因并及时给予纠正治疗，是很快可以恢复正常的。不管是未成年还是成年人，平时应该劳逸连结，增强营养，得当锻炼身材增强体质，生活规律，保持健康体魄。遗精，是青年男性性生理成熟的标志和现象。精满则自溢，普通环境下，未婚青年男性一月一次、一周一次是正常的。但若频繁地出现遗精是属于不正常的现象，对男性身心健康也是有危害的。而导致梦遗频繁的主要是男性的生理或心理因素所导致的。在生理上，由于包皮过长，前列腺炎，尿道炎等生理问题往往会导致频繁的梦遗。心理上的因素则往往是因性心理出现了某种问题；例如经常过度进行性幻想，会令男性的大脑中枢中的性中枢由于过度地紧张，使控制系统渐渐感到疲劳，控制力也会下降，必要时需要及时到病院进行进一步检查。做梦的过程当中，如果出现了遗精的现象，属于是青年人正常的生理现象，不必要太过忧虑，普通环境下一个月内不超过4次的话就没有太大的问题，注意在平时要少看色情类的杂志，书刊和视频，可以得当的进行增强体育锻炼，增强本身身材本质。在睡觉的时候尽量穿宽松的内衣裤，不要盖过厚的被子在身上。做梦射精的原因有：一方面与精神心理因素相关，例如受不良影视作品的影响，另一方面也与躯体因素相关，例如过度紧张和疲劳，惹起晚间睡眠时遗精，属于正常的生理现象，注意保持平常的心态，得当增强体质，养成良好的睡眠习惯。 |
Surachet Ngamtip (, born February 1, 1991), simply known as Draft (), is a Thai retired professional footballer who played as a left-back.
International career
He debuted for U-19 team in 2010 AFC U-19 Championship. Surachet was called up to the national team by Bryan Robson. In 2013, he was called up to the national team by Surachai Jaturapattarapong to the 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification.
In October, 2013 he played a friendly match against Bahrain.
In October 15, 2013 he played against Iran in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification.
International
International goals
Under-19
Honours
International
Thailand U-19
AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2009
References
External links
Profile at Goal
1991 births
Living people
Surachet Ngamtip
Surachet Ngamtip
Men's association football defenders
Surachet Ngamtip
Surachet Ngamtip
Surachet Ngamtip
Surachet Ngamtip
Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games
Surachet Ngamtip |
骨外骨肉瘤有哪些表现及如何诊断？多见于青少年好发于长骨生长旺盛的干骺端骨干较少常见症状有疼痛压痛肿胀或肿块以及它们压迫神经血管所产生的症状后期可出现功能障碍全身症状少见 |
急进性肾小球肾炎该如何诊断？凡有急性肾炎综合征，伴随肾功能急剧恶化的，即使未达到肾衰竭标准，均应疑似本病，并及时进行肾活检。凡是病理证实为新月体性肾小球肾炎的，可明确诊断，并应完善病因学检查，以协助继发性急进性肾小球肾炎诊断。 |
馬科斯·加維（Marcus Garvey，） 是20世纪一二十年代牙買加政治家、出版者、記者、創業家及演說家，為創辦者。他是黑人民族主義者與泛非主義者，被認定為黑人民族主義開創者。
生平
原籍牙买加，在牙买加创建了世界黑人进步协会，该协会分支机构最多时达到30多个，分布在美国和加勒比国家。还创办了黑人报纸、各种类型的商店、黑星轮船公司。他鼓吹黑人重返非洲，激发黑人种族自豪感。凭借杰出的演讲能力，赢得了中下层黑人的拥护。
參考
書籍
The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey. 412 pages. Majority Press; Centennial edition, 1 November 1986. ISBN 0-912469-24-2. Avery edition. ISBN 0-405-01873-8.
Message to the People: The Course of African Philosophy by Marcus Garvey. Edited by Tony Martin. Foreword by Hon. Charles L. James, president- general, Universal Negro Improvement Association. 212 pages. Majority Press, 1 March 1986. ISBN 0-912469-19-6.
The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey. Compiled and edited by Tony Martin. 123 pages. Majority Press, 1 June 1983. ISBN 0-912469-02-1.
Hill, Robert A., editor. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vols. I-VII, IX. University of California Press, ca. 1983- (ongoing). 1146 pages. University of California Press, 1 May 1991. ISBN 0-520-07208-1.
Hill, Robert A., editor. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers: Africa for the Africans 1921-1922. 740 pages. University of California Press, 1 February 1996. ISBN 0-520-20211-2.
Burkett, Randall K. Garveyism as a Religious Movement: The Institutionalization of a Black Civil Religion. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press and American Theological Library Association, 1978.
Campbell, Horace. Rasta and Resistance: From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1987.
Clarke, John Henrik, editor. Marcus Garvey and the Vision of Africa. With assistance from Amy Jacques Garvey. New York: Vintage Books, 1974.
Cronon, Edmund David. Black Moses: The Story of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1955, reprinted 1969 and 2007.
Garvey, Amy Jacques, Garvey and Garveyism. London: Collier-MacMillan, 1963, 1968.
Grant, Colin. Negro with a Hat, The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey and his Dream of Mother Africa., London: Jonathan Cape, 2008.
Hill, Robert A., editor. Marcus Garvey, Life and Lessons: A Centennial Companion to the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Hill, Robert A. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vols. I–VII, IX. University of California Press, ca. 1983– (ongoing).
James, Winston. Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America. London: Verso, 1998.
Kornweibel Jr., Theodore. Seeing Red: Federal Campaigns Against Black Militancy 1919-1925. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Lemelle, Sidney, and Robin D. G. Kelley. Imagining Home: Class, Culture, and Nationalism in the African Diaspora. London: Verso, 1994.
Lewis, Rupert. Marcus Garvey: Anti-Colonial Champion. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1988.
Lewis, Rupert, and Bryan, Patrick, eds. Garvey: His Work and Impact. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988.
Lewis, Rupert, and Maureen Warner-Lewis. Garvey: Africa, Europe, The Americas. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1986, 1994.
Manoedi, M. Korete. Garvey and Africa. New York: New York Age Press, 1922.
Martin, Tony. Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggle of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976.
Martin, Tony. Literary Garveyism: Garvey, Black Arts, and the Harlem Renaissance. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
Martin, Tony. African Fundamentalism: A Literary and Cultural Anthology of Garvey's Harlem Renaissance. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983, 1991.
Martin, Tony. Marcus Garvey: Hero. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
Martin, Tony. The Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
Martin, Tony. The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
Smith-Irvin, Jeannette. Marcus Garvey's Footsoldiers of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1989.
Solomon, Mark. The Cry Was Unity: Communists and African-Americans, 1917–1936. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.
Stein, Judith. The World of Marcus Garvey: Race and Class in Modern Society. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.
Tolbert, Emory J. The UNIA and Black Los Angeles. Los Angeles: Center of Afro-American Studies, University of California, 1980.
Vincent, Theodore. Black Power and the Garvey Movement. Berkeley, Calif.: Ramparts Press, 1971.
Marcus Garvey: A Controversial Figure in the History of Pan-Africanism by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for the Journal of Pan African Studies
外部連結
Garvey's Legacy in Context: Colourism, Black Movements and African Nationalism
"Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind." PBS documentary film
Marcus Garvey website
UNIA website .
Marcus Garvey economic principles
Marcus Garvey speaks - text and audio
Poem - Ras Nasibu of the Ogaden
牙买加政治人物
非洲裔美國人歷史
泛非主义者
罹患中風逝世者
倫敦大學伯貝克學院校友 |
瑪莎·曼森（Marsha Mason，）是英國電影演員，她曾在1972年以電影《》獲得金球獎剧情类电影最佳女主角。
參考資料
金球奖剧情类电影最佳女主角
艾美獎獲獎者
金球獎音樂及喜劇類電影最佳女主角
美國電視女演員
21世纪美国女演员
美國電影女演員
20世纪美国女演员
康涅狄格州民主党人 |
Aglaia flavida is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.
References
flavida
Near threatened plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
123–125 George Street, The Rocks are heritage-listed shops and former residence located at 123–125 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built for Thomas Playfair during 1882. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.
History
William Davis's tenements extended across the land granted to him in 1836. His Town grant of 12 perches on 29 October 1843 remained vacant except for houses to the rear of the property. Davis erected a shop to the George Street frontage of north corner of his 1836 Town grant in . This brick walled and shingle roofed shop was added to in 1842 by a similar building to the northern side (extending into land grant of 1834) In 1845 the Sydney Municipal Rate Books described the two single storey shops as having two rooms and the northern premises boundaries being wide and deep (no. 123) and the other (No. 125) being wide and deep. Both shops were "in bad repair". The tenements to the rear of 123 were described in 1863 as "old, ruinous and unhealthy". Davis's will of 1843 gave J. Edwards the title to property of the 1834 grant plus part of the 1836 grant. J Edwards conveyed the property to Henry Byrns in 1863. In 1870 W. Hooper, a greengrocer occupied No.123 and T. Barry, bootmaker occupied No.125. The shops continued as a greengrocer, J. Paddon and a bootmaker, J. McAuley, until September 1881 when they and the rear buildings were pulled down. Thomas Playfair purchased the properties from H. Byrns and in 1882 erected two two-storey four roomed shops out of brick and stone walls and iron roof on the sites of No. 123 and 125. J. Paddon continued as a fruiterer in the new shop No. 123 and C. W. Danielson, bootmaker in the other. Shop No. 125 became an outfitter and importer outlet in 1885. Playfair continued as landlord until the NSW Government resumed the property in 1900.
Archaeology notes: Hospital. Granted to William Davis as 12 perches on 29 October 1834.
Description
Three late Victorian two storey shops, built of stuccoed brick. Unusual plainly moulded Romanesque style windows of three bays to the first floor. Two of the shops retain their original shopfronts, while the third has been altered.
Nos. 123 and 125 George Street are near-identical buildings, the timber shop front of 123 being new and a copy of 125 (original). Nos. 123 & 125 are connected internally and operate as one shop. The interior layout is original except for openings between rooms. Most ceilings are modern, original joinery generally remains. The decorative sheet metal parapet wall is a "replica" (s?) of the damaged original masonry parapet. No. 121 is an original shop front of a different type to 123 & 125.
Style: Victorian Free Classical; Storeys: 2; Facade: Brick & stone walls; Roof Cladding: Corrugated iron; Floor Frame: Timber.
Condition
As at 27 April 2001, Archaeology Assessment Condition: Partly disturbed. Assessment Basis: Floors level with George Street, terraced up to former level of Nurses Walk. Recent building techniques (Bakehouse Place).
Heritage listing
As at 31 March 2011, this pair of shops and residence and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. Numbers 123 to 125 are associated with Thomas Playfair, Mayor of Sydney in 1885. Playfair was involved in the profitable marine trade and invested in property in the local area, of which 121 George Street is one such property. Significant aspects of the building include the architectural form and detail including the original/recreated shopfronts. Internally, the remaining original layout and other features including joinery, fireplaces and stairs etc. which contribute to the significance of the pair.
Shop and Residence was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
This pair of shops and residence and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. Numbers 123 to 125 George Street were built in 1882 as commercial premises as part of the business precinct lining the harbour-side of The Rocks, and are associated with the evolving pattern of urban fabric in the area.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
Numbers 123 to 125 are associated with Thomas Playfair, Mayor of Sydney in 1885. Playfair was involved in the profitable marine trade and invested in property in the local area, of which 121 George Street is one such property.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The buildings' facades are fine examples of the Victorian Free Classical style, executed to give a sense of decorum to what would otherwise have been simple commercial / residential structures.
The buildings have streetscape value as two buildings in a group of three that were designed to appear as one property.
The buildings' scale and alignment to the street are typical of that found along the business precinct of George Street in The Rocks area.
The street façades have remained relatively intact since they were constructed in 1882.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The buildings have had a continuous commercial use since they were built in 1882. They have been used as fruit shops, ham and beef shops, smallgoods shops, a wine depot, a bookmaker's, importers' offices, outfitters, and, in 1933, No 123 was used by a pest extermination company.
The site retains elements of combined shops and residences, once common throughout both The Rocks and Sydney in general.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The fabric, although somewhat modified, has the ability to yield information on the configuration of late Victorian commercial/residential buildings and aspects of the way of life of the people who inhabited them.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The site has high potential to reveal further subsurface archaeological deposits associated with the early European occupation of the site and the surrounding area.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
The buildings at 123 and 125 George street are expressive of the close weaving of the social fabric of The Rocks area in the nineteenth century, and demonstrate the close links between the residential and commercial activities of the community.
See also
Australian residential architectural styles
References
Bibliography
Attribution
External links
New South Wales State Heritage Register
Houses in The Rocks, New South Wales
Retail buildings in New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
1882 establishments in Australia
Houses completed in 1882
New South Wales places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate |
眼睑瘙痒的治疗和预防方法？湿疹的预防1.避免皮肤局部刺激，如热水烫洗，过度搔抓等。2.忌吃辛辣刺激性食物，忌烟酒。尽量少吃或者不吃海鲜牛羊肉等发物。3.不可滥用止痒和刺激性的外用药物，如碘酒、药酒等。4.尽量少接触化学成份用品，洗衣粉长期接触的话也会导致症状加剧的。 |
西马克 (SMS SIEMAG)是冶金设备制造业的世界三巨头企业之一。为SMS集团在合約量和销售额方面最大的子公司。总部位于德国杜塞尔多夫与希尔兴巴赫。钢铁和铝加工领域领先的冶金设备和轧制技术企业。
历史
1871年在德国锡根成立了一家锻造工厂。1918年，演变为Siegener Maschinenbau AG (即Siemag)。1927年开始轧机制造业。
1901年在杜塞尔多夫建立了经营配件和其它技术类产品的贸易的施勒曼股份公司。1968年并购瑞士康卡斯特(Concast)公司。
1973年施勒曼股份公司和西马克机器制造厂合并成施勒曼-西马克公司股份公司（Schloemann-Siemag AG），并在1980年简称为SMS AG。1999年7月SMS兼并了德马克股份公司（DEMAG AG）的冶金设备制造分部，称为SMS德马克股份公司（SMS Demag AG）。2000年，SMS德马克股份公司改组为SMS集团（SMS Group），下属两家子公司：
SMS德马克股份公司（SMS Demag AG），从事冶金设备和轧制技术
SMS梅尔股份公司（SMS Meer AG），主要从事管材、长材、挤压机和锻造设备
2009年，魏斯家族回购所有在外股份，把SMS德马克股份公司（SMS Demag AG）改为传统名称SMS西马克股份公司（SMS Siemag AG）。
参见
参考文献
外部链接
公司官方中文主页
冶金设备公司 |
小孩子晚上尿频是什么原因？小儿尿频是一种以小儿经常撒尿且很常见的疾病。引起尿频的原因很多，但可分为两大类。即病理性（由疾病引起的）的和生理性的。尿道，饮食，神经性，泌尿道炎症是常见因素，病理性尿频可能是患有感染、结石、肿瘤或存在异物，以尿路感染为多。小孩子晚上尿频是什么原因？生活中小孩子晚上尿频特别多发，给很多的孩子带来了危害，还会影响到患儿的心理健康，导致小孩子晚上尿频的原因较多，比如精神方面的紧张或者是环境的改变，极容易导致孩子出现尿频的症状，因为孩子的大脑皮层发育并不完善，对于脊髓初级排尿中枢的抑制功能特别的差，较容易受到外界不良刺激的影响，从而会出现排尿功能障碍，诱发尿频的出现。如果孩子近期接触了不良的环境，则会导致患儿的精神过度紧张，这些不良的精神状态极容易形成不良刺激，如果生活环境发生了较大的改变，会导致患儿的精神过度紧张，并且会严重加剧，从而令患儿的内心产生了焦虑，促使抑制排尿的功能产生了障碍，最终导致小孩子晚上尿频的症状，小便的次数会明显增多。家长朋友在发现小孩子晚上尿频以后，应当带患儿去医院进行相关的检查，注意排除疾病的影响，且要进行针对性的治疗，另外还要注意合理安排患儿的饮水量，注意患儿的饮食调理，宜减少刺激性的食物，另外还要让患儿养成良好的作息时间，保证患儿的睡眠质量。以上介绍了小孩子晚上尿频是什么原因，不同的情况引起的小儿尿频是有所不同的，如果是精神因素引起的小儿尿频的话，以分散孩子想尿尿的注意力，平常要注意保暖，避免饮食刺激的情况的，另外也和天气，饮水量也有一定的关系的，注意观察一下的。 |
甲状腺激素低吃什么能提高呢？生活中甲状腺激素偏低是一种常见的症状，甲状腺激素偏低主要会引起甲状腺功能亢进的情况，所以患者平日生活中的饮食有许多需要注意的地方，比如说一些会加重症状的食物，应该加以了解，并注意避免在此时食用。1、保证充足的热量：给予充足的碳水化合物，比如说糖水，限制食用含有膳食纤维比较高的食物，因为促甲状腺激素偏可能会引起甲亢，甲亢病人因人体代谢功能亢奋，每天的排便次数会增加，如果继续服用膳食纤维丰富的食物会加重胃肠道的蠕动，排便次数就会更多了。2、摄入适当蛋白质：应该给予高蛋白的饮食，以优质的植物蛋白为主，因为动物蛋白可能会起到刺激兴奋的作用，所以应该减少食用。而大豆植物蛋白就可以进行有效的吸收和消化，而肉类尽量是选择少量的鱼、鸡蛋和牛奶以及牛羊猪肉等。3、增加维生素的摄入：患有、促甲状腺激素偏低的患者应该适当的多补充维生素B1、B2以及维生素C，多吃新鲜的绿叶蔬菜，如果有必要的话可以适当的补充维生素制剂。4、补充微量元素：促甲状腺激素偏低会造成胃肠道蠕动加快，而腹泻很容易引起微量元素的吸收不良从而到时钙铁锌硒等微量元素下降，根据情况适当补钾，尤其是橘子和苹果。总之，甲状腺激素偏低对于身体的影响是比较大的，是一种内分泌方面的疾病，如果偏低的现象就说明内分泌失调了，所以说对于身体的危害是比较大，促甲状腺激素偏低对于饮食一般是没有什么需要注意的，大部分的东西都是可以吃的，不用太禁忌了，只要不要吃辛辣，刺激的食物就可以。 |
Provincial assembly elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022. The discussion to conduct sooner than later is underway due to interest of leading Nepali Congress while the opposition, CPN (UML) is already demanding for fresh mandate.
Parties
Current composition
Candidates
Alliance
+
Others
Opinion poll
Result
See also
2022 elections in Nepal
2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal
2021 split in Nepalese Communist Parties
References
2022 elections in Nepal
Provincial elections in Nepal |
富氣隕石是指含有大量惰性氣體，例如氦、氖、氬、氪、氙，有時還有其它元素的隕石。儘管這些氣體實際上幾乎存在所有的隕石中，費耶特維爾隕石有〜2,000,000 x10−8 ccSTP/公克氦，或〜2%體積當量的氦。相較背景水準是只有幾個PPM。
富氣隕石的鑑定是依據所存在輕稀有氣體的量，如果不在所有隕石中存在的已知稀有氣體組成分組的基礎上再增加一個分組，就無法解釋其含量。
歷史
威廉·拉姆齊在1895年在地質樣本採樣後不久，在釔鈾礦中第一次發現地球上的氦，而不是通過觀測太陽。
鮑爾在1947年提出測定隕石年代的方法，並由格林（Gerling）和帕夫洛娃（Pavlova）於1951年在出版品上明確的陳述。然而，這很快導致隕石年齡的巨大變化：人們意識到過量的氦（包括氦-3、稀土）也是由輻射產生的。
第一個確認的富氣隕石是由格林和列夫斯基（Levskii）於1956年發表在出版品上的斯塔羅佩西亞諾(Staroe Pesyanoe，通常簡稱為Pesyanoe)。與後來的費耶特維爾家族一樣，佩西亞諾的氦含量約為100萬x10−8 ccSTP/g。
雷諾茲（Reynolds）發表的"一般氙（Xe）的異常"，包括Xe129等衰變的產物，開創了的子領域，一直到今天。
在1980年代首次發表了太陽前顆粒(Presolar grains，PSGs)，這是尋找惰性氣體導出的；但PSGs並不是單純地通過氣體含量來檢測。
調查範圍
相關條目
活性炭
籠形複合物
氫脆
離子注入
分子篩和
釋氣
參考資料
Handbook of Elemental Abundances in Meteorites, Mason, B. ed. 1970 Gordon and Breach New York Chapter 2: The Noble Gases, Heymann, D., p. 29
Mazor, E. Heymann, D. Anders, E. Noble gases in carbonaceous chondrites. 1970 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta vol. 34 p. 781-824
Goswami, J. Lal, D. Wilkening, L. Gas-Rich meteorites: Probes for particle environment and dynamical processes in the inner solar system 1983 Space Science Reviews vol. 37 p. 111-59
The Sun in Time, Sonett, C. Giampapa, M. Mathews, M. eds. 1991 University of Arizona Press Tucson
Ozima, M. Podosek, F. Noble Gases in Geochemistry, 2nd ed. 2002 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Porcelli, D. Ballentine, C. Wieler, R. eds. 2002 Mineralogical Society of America Washington, DC
Treatise on Geochemistry vol.1 2003 1.14 Noble Gases, Podosek, F. p. 381-403
Meteorites and the Early Solar System II, Lauretta, D. McSween, H. eds. 2006 University of Arizona Press Tucson
Geochemical Perspectives Jul 2013 vol. 2 issue 2 Special issue, Noble Gas Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Earth’s Volatiles ISSN 2223-7755
隕石類型
地球物理學 |
Opuntia chaffeyi is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Zacatecas state in Mexico. Its natural habitat is hot deserts. It is a Critically endangered species, threatened by habitat loss.
References
chaffeyi
Cacti of Mexico
Endemic flora of Mexico
Flora of Zacatecas
Critically endangered biota of Mexico
Critically endangered flora of North America
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Soldiers of Fortune is a 2012 American action film directed by Maksim Korostyshevsky and starring Christian Slater, Dominic Monaghan, Sean Bean, James Cromwell and Ving Rhames. It was shot in Ukraine.
Plot
As the film opens, Captains Craig McCenzie (Christian Slater) and Mike Reed (Freddy Rodriguez) are United States special forces soldiers on a mission to find Osama bin Laden in an unspecified location in the Middle East. Their mission quickly goes awry when CIA operative Carter Mason (Colm Meaney) turns up independently, but with Reed already having infiltrated the settlement he is unable to extract himself and his cover is quickly blown. Captured by the locals, he is interrogated briefly by Mason, who threatens to emasculate him if he does not disclose the full details of his operation, but he is swiftly freed by McCenzie, much to the displeasure of the agent.
Four years later, both McCenzie and Reed have been dishonorably discharged from the army due to the influence of Mason and are running a struggling private security firm back in the USA. When McCenzie attends a biker gang-run poker tournament to barter for a loan to keep the pair financially stable, he witnesses several other players draw guns on the dealer, before it is revealed that the entire game was simply set up as a test for him, to see whether he has retained his combat skill. When he is offered a well-paid job aiding freedom fighters on a tiny, dictator-controlled European island he initially turns the offer down, but when it is explained to him that Mason is on the island as head of the dictator's brutal military, he changes his mind and he and Reed leave for Europe.
On arriving at a base camp close to the island, the full extent of his job is finally explained to him. The freedom fighters are poorly funded, and thus are sourcing money via a war tourism adventure called Soldiers of Fortune that invites wealthy foreigners to pay to join their ranks for the thrills and experience of a fully tax deductible adventure. To prevent them from risk of death, however, McCenzie and Reed have been drafted in to act as their tour guides and bodyguards, offering them a realistic experience of army life while ensuring they stay out of harm's way. Their five charges (Roman St. John, Sam Haussmann, Grimaud Tourneur, Tommy Sin and Charles Herbert Vanderbeer) are for the most part all self-made millionaires who each believe themselves in one way or another to be up to the task of professional soldiery. As the two Captains give them a whistle-stop training, the recruits - with the notable exception of St. John (Sean Bean) - all reveal themselves to be hopeless, though they do all gain a basic understanding of weaponry.
In no time at all the five and their escorts are dispatched to their first mission, but they immediately come under attack, resulting in the death of Reed along with the rest of McCenzie's unit. As the Captain and the five manage to reach relative safety, McCenzie turns on his charges, accusing Tourneur (Ving Rhames) of arranging the ambush. Tourneur, a black market weapons dealer, counters by revealing his reason for taking up the holiday - he sold the dictator his arms but realised too late that his buyer had no intention of paying, leading him to crave revenge. Short of options, the group heads for the rebel base, where the tourists discuss their reasons for coming, Sin (Dominic Monaghan) revealing that his psychiatrist has suggested that his addiction to the violent video games he develops has left him disconnected with real life and in need of understanding the realities of warfare.
Further treachery leads to a morning attack on the encampment, and while the five tourists make it to safety, they are all finally exposed to the horrors of war. While McCenzie returns to the camp to save the life of Cecilia, the woman who originally recruited him, the tourists opt to snipe at the attacking troops, which draws attention to them and results in the apparent death of Vanderbeer (Charlie Bewley). As tourists and tour guide reunite and they flee the ambush, St. John directs them to a helipad attached to a mine complex, and his obvious knowledge of the terrain forces him to reveal that he is in fact a mineral trader and a native of the island and has only returned in order to arrange supply of the rare and valuable metal coltan. As McCenzie again separates from the group to converse privately with Cecilia, the remaining four again opt to launch an assault by themselves, this time resulting in their capture. In prison they are reunited with Vanderbeer, and though he initially plays innocent they rapidly realise that he is the traitor who informed Mason of the rebels' location; he reveals that he negotiated a deal with the dictator to sell the rebels out in exchange for money to replace his lost fortune, having lost all of his wealth in a stock market crash.
After McCenzie and Cecilia effect a rescue, the group arm themselves before splitting up. McCenzie engages Mason, Sin and Tourneur ambush Vanderbeer, St. John flees the compound while Cecilia herself is cut off from the men and leaves on a jet-ski. Haussmann (James Cromwell) sacrifices his life to hold off the rest of the dictator's private army, thus fulfilling his own reason for coming to the island - to die heroically, thus preventing his wife from gaining half of his assets from a pending divorce settlement.
In a lightning-paced finale, Sin kills Vanderbeer, McCenzie avenges himself on Mason, Cecilia is chased down by the dictator's daughter but succeeds in eliminating her also while St. John opts to eschew an escape to turn around and save Cecilia from the floating wreckage. Tourneur wraps up the final loose end by killing the dictator with a well-aimed bazooka shot. As the island's inhabitants party into the night, the five survivors toast Haussmann's sacrifice.
Cast
Box office
The film was given a limited release on just 50 screens with minimal marketing in the United States. After 2 weeks it ended its cinema run with a box office result of $38,898. The film was more successful in the Russia-CIS market, where it was released on 500 screens and earned $1,542,287 at the box office and in the United Arab Emirates where it earned $203,101 at the box office.
Critical reception
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 14% approval rating with an average rating of 3.29/10, based on an aggregation of seven reviews. On Metacritic, the film achieved an average score of 19 out of 100 based on 5 reviews, signifying "Overwhelming dislike".
The Hollywood Reporter issued an extremely negative review, where on can read: "yet another B-movie that wastes the talents of an estimable cast. (...) this is a film so bad that not only was it not screened in advance for critics, its publicists wouldn’t even provide background information."
References
External links
2012 action films
American action films
Roadside Attractions films
Films scored by Michael Tavera
Films set in Europe
Fictional mercenaries
Films about mercenaries
Films about the United States Army
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
Films set in Ukraine
Films shot in Ukraine |
欧努瓦（，）是法国塞纳-马恩省的一个市镇，属于莫城区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国法蘭西島大區塞纳-马恩省，该省份为法国北部内陆省份，北起瓦兹省，西接埃松省、马恩河谷省、塞纳-圣但尼省和瓦兹河谷省，南至卢瓦雷省，东南接约讷省，东临马恩省和奥布省，东北接埃纳省。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参考文献
A |
Yves Lessard (born January 2, 1943) is a Canadian politician. From 2001 to 2004, Lessard served as a city councillor in Saint-Basile-le-Grand, Quebec. In the 2004 Canadian federal election he was elected into the House of Commons of Canada as the Bloc Québécois candidate in Chambly—Borduas.
Born in Barville, Quebec, a businessman and union adviser, Lessard was the Bloc critic of Human Resources and Skills Development.
He was defeated in the 2011 election by Matthew Dubé of the New Democratic Party.
References
1943 births
Living people
Bloc Québécois MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
21st-century Canadian politicians |
Aavanazhi is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language action film directed by I. V. Sasi, written by T. Damodaran. The film deals with social and political issues of that time. It stars Mammootty, Geetha, Seema, Sukumaran, Captain Raju, Janardanan, Jagannatha Varma, Innocent, Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair, Sreenivasan and Sankaradi.
Aavanazhi was the highest grossing Malayalam film at the time and was an industry hit. It was remade in Kannada as "Anthima Theerpu" starring Ambareesh and Geetha, in Tamil as Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu, in Telugu as Marana Sasanam and in Hindi as Satyamev Jayate. I. V. Sasi made two sequels — Inspector Balram in 1991 and Balram vs. Taradas in 2006.
Plot
"Karadi" Balram is an honest CI, who is frustrated after several personal setbacks, including a failed affair of the heart, has turned to drinking and womanizing. Balram is assigned to nab Satyaraj, who evaded the clutches of the cops after murdering Chackochan, a contractor. Balram successfully arrests him, but in court, Satyaraj is represented by Adv. Jayachandran, where he is acquitted by the court, but Balram decides to frame in several other criminal charges pending against him. Usha, Balram's ex-lover, is now married to Jayachandran. Balram falls in love with Seetha, a prostitute, whom he decides to marry. Meanwhile, Radha, a young lady, is determined to avenge herself on Balram, who she believes to have killed her brother while in police custody, but Satyaraj was the one who killed him, on instruction from Vincent. Falsely implicated, Balram had been suspended, but has been reinstated. Though Seetha tries to convince Radha of the truth, she is not ready to accept it. To gain her revenge over Balram, Radha decides to offer Satyaraj a safe stay away from the police eyes. Balram's open fight with Satyaraj forms the rest of the plot.
Cast
Mammootty as CI Balram
Geetha as Seetha
Seema as Radha
Nalini as Usha Jayachandran
Sukumaran as Adv.Jayachandran
Captain Raju as Sathyaraj
Janardanan as Vincent
Innocent as Vishnu
Sreenivasan as Sreeni
C. I. Paul as Chandrahasan
Paravoor Bharathan as Chackochan
Kundara Johny as CI Alex George
K. P. A. C. Azeez as Commissioner Azeez
Sankaradi as Viswanathan
Jagannatha Varma as DIG Kumar
Augustine as SI Ummer
Kunchan as Constable "Samshayam" Vasu
Shafeeq as Benny Vincent
Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair as Nampoothiri
Kumari Shibi as Jyothi
Santhakumari as Radha's Mother
Prathapachandran
Hari as Advocate
Rajan Padoor as Kallan Kuttan
Amit Amee as Unni/Radha's younger Brother
Thiruthiyadu Vilasini as Chackochan's wife
Sajith Devadas as Nirmal Hasan
Gorilla Unni as Circle Inspector
Krishnakkurupp NB
Aliyar
Release and reception
The film was released on 12 September 1986, in 20 theatres. In 2005, Nana Magazine wrote thst Mammootty has played cop in a total of 25 films from Yavanika to Balram vs Tharadas, but his most memorable police role is that of Inspector Balram from I. V. Sasi's Avanazhi. The film was a major commercial success. It was the highest grossing film at the time. The film ran for more than 200 days in theatres in Kerala.
Remakes
All the remakes of the film were commercial successes.
Sequels
The movie had two sequels; a 1991 film Inspector Balram and a spiritual successor, Balram vs. Tharadas in which Mammootty reprises his roles from two films, Inspector Balram from Aavanazhi and Tharadas from Athiratram.
Legacy
The film is considered to be one of I.V. Sasi's best works. The film remains to be the only Malayalam Industry hit with a policeman as its central character. The protagonist Inspector Balram remains to be one of the most iconic characters in Malayalam cinema.
References
External links
1980s crime action films
1980s Malayalam-language films
1986 films
Films shot in Kozhikode
Films with screenplays by T. Damodaran
Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police
Indian crime action films
Balram1
Films scored by Shyam (composer)
Malayalam films remade in other languages
Films directed by I. V. Sasi |
Fasika Asfaw is an Ethiopian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saint George SC.
International career
In January 2014, coach Sewnet Bishaw, invited him to be a part of the Ethiopia squad for the 2014 African Nations Championship. The team was eliminated in the group stages after losing to Congo, Libya and Ghana.
References
Living people
Ethiopian men's footballers
Ethiopia men's A' international footballers
2014 African Nations Championship players
1986 births
Men's association football midfielders
Ethiopia men's international footballers
Saint George S.C. players |
Law of the Plainsman is a Western television series starring Michael Ansara that aired on NBC from October 1, 1959, until September 22, 1960.
The character of Native American U.S. Marshal Sam Buckhart was introduced in two episodes ("The Indian" and "The Raid") of the popular ABC Western television series The Rifleman starring Chuck Connors. As with The Rifleman, this series was produced by Four Star Productions in association with Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions .
Law of the Plainsman is distinctive in that it was one of the few television programs that featured a Native American as the lead character, a bold move for U.S. network television at that time. Ansara had earlier appeared in the series Broken Arrow, having portrayed the Apache chief, Cochise. Ansara, however, was not Native American but of Lebanese descent.
Plot
Ansara played Sam Buckhart, an Apache Indian who saved the life of a U.S. Cavalry officer after an Indian ambush. When the officer later died, he left Sam money that was used for an education at private schools and Harvard University. After school, he returned to New Mexico where he became a deputy marshal working for Marshal Andy Morrison. He lived in a boarding house run by Martha Commager. Other continuing characters include 8-year old Tess Logan, an orphan who had been rescued by Buckhart, and a second Deputy Marshal, Billy Lordan.
Cast
Michael Ansara as Deputy Marshal Sam Buckhart
Recurring
Gina Gillespie as Tess Wilkins (15 episodes)
Dayton Lummis as Marshal Andy Morrison (9 episodes)
Nora Marlowe as Martha Commager (7 episodes)
Robert Harland as Deputy Billy Lordan (7 episodes)
Wayne Rogers as Deputy Billy Lordan (3 episodes)
Guest cast
Episodes
Production
Filming
The series was produced by Four Star Television and was filmed at CBS Studio Center.
Syndication as The Westerners
The show only lasted one season. For syndicated reruns it was grouped with three other short-lived Western series from the same company, Black Saddle starring Peter Breck, Johnny Ringo starring Don Durant and Sam Peckinpah's critically acclaimed creation, The Westerner starring Brian Keith, under the umbrella title The Westerners, with new introductions and wrap-ups by Keenan Wynn.
References
External links
McNeil, Alex. Total Television (1996). New York: Penguin Books
Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows (1999). New York: Ballantine Books
1950s Western (genre) television series
NBC original programming
1959 American television series debuts
1960 American television series endings
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series by Four Star Television
Black-and-white American television shows
United States Marshals Service in fiction
1960s Western (genre) television series
Television shows about Native Americans
Television shows set in New Mexico |
Antonia Ford Willard (July 23, 1838 – February 14, 1871) was a volunteer civilian spy for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
Early life
Antonia Ford was born at Fairfax Court House, Virginia. She was a daughter of a prominent local merchant and ardent secessionist named Edward R. Ford. Before going to the Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute in Buckingham, Virginia, she attended nearby Coombe Cottage, a private finishing school for girls.
American Civil War
As Union forces occupied the Fairfax region in mid-1861, Ford circulated among the officers and garnered valuable intelligence about troop strengths and planned movements, which she passed along to Brigadier General J.E.B. Stuart, in whose artillery her brother, Charles, served. Ford also spied for John S. Mosby, a noted partisan ranger. Stuart, grateful for her service and appreciative of the information he had received, designated Ford as an honorary aide-de-camp on October 7, 1861.
In early 1863, Ford was betrayed by a Union counterspy named Frankie Abel, whom she had befriended and shown the document bearing Stuart's signature. Ford was subsequently arrested on March 13 and incarcerated in Washington, D.C., at the Old Capitol Prison. She was accused of playing a prominent role in the capture of Union general Edwin H. Stoughton, but Colonel Mosby and others later denied her complicity, and no evidence of her guilt could be found. She was released and exchanged seven days later. However, she was arrested in Fairfax by Major Joseph Clapp Willard (1820–1897) and sent back to Old Capitol Prison. She took the Oath of Allegiance, he resigned his position in the Union Army, and they subsequently married on March 10, 1864, in Washington, D.C. The couple had three children, only one surviving infancy.
Antonia Ford Willard died in Washington, D.C. in 1871 as an indirect result of health issues stemming from her captivity. Her husband never remarried. Their son Joseph Edward Willard later became Lieutenant Governor of Virginia and the father-in-law of Kermit Roosevelt .
Ford was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
Film
The 2007 made-for-television docudrama, Now & Forever Yours: Letters to an Old Soldier, artistically recounts the courtship of Antonia Ford and Major Joseph Clapp Willard. It was written and directed by Steven Fischer. In the film, Ford and Willard recount from an ethereal netherworld the events of their two-year affair. This narrative is dramatically illustrated with scenes of the courtship filmed in and around Fairfax, Virginia, where the actual romance took place. Now & Forever Yours: Letters to an Old Soldier was a critical success, winning, among others, an Emmy Award nomination for cinematography. The dialogue between the lovers was taken directly from the couple's surviving letters. The movie starred Katie Tschida and Winston Shearin.
In 2009, BLM Productions released a feature-length docudrama, Spies in Crinoline, which recounts the intersecting lives of spies Antonia Ford and Laura Ratcliffe. The screenplay, adapted from Karla Vernon's The Spy in Crinoline and numerous primary sources, intersperses dramatic sequences shot on-location in Fairfax County, Virginia, with period images, narration, and interviews with historians. Directed by Bert Morgan, it stars Emily Lapisardi as Antonia Ford, Gregory Labenz as Joseph Willard, Becci Varga as Laura Ratcliffe, and Joe Cain as General J.E.B. Stuart.
References
Stuart-Mosby Historical Society
Willard Family Papers, Library of Congress
External links
Antonia Ford in Encyclopedia Virginia
Library of Congress
Biography of Ford
1838 births
1871 deaths
American Civil War spies
Women in the American Civil War
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
People from Fairfax, Virginia
Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
Women spies |
阿邦代苏（）是法国杜省的一个市镇，属于贝桑松区（Besançon）布西埃县（Boussières）。该市镇总面积3.2平方公里，2009年时的人口为237人。
人口
阿邦代苏人口变化图示
参见
杜省市镇列表
参考文献
杜省市镇 |
吳楚帆（罗马拼音：Ng Cho Fan，），原名吳鉅璋，生于中國天津，祖籍福建，落籍廣東番禺，香港粵語片演員。吳楚帆在電影圈中人稱「二哥」，另有兩大綽號「嘮囌王」、「大聲公」。其兄為演員高魯泉。
吳楚帆與張活游、張瑛和李清合稱為當年的粵語片「四大小生」。
生平
吳楚帆就讀香港聖保羅書院，15歲起當過售貨員及工廠管理員等。1932年開始拍電影，第一部擔演是《夜半槍聲》，曾演出多部抗戰電影，在抗戰電影《生命線》中確立活靈活現的抗日英雄形象，1937年憑著演出《人生曲》一片榮膺「華南影帝」。
吳氏把電影當作傳播社會意識的媒介，視為電影工作者「無可推搪的責任」。1952年與張瑛、張活游、白燕、吳回等人合組中聯影業公司，以提高粵語片水準為己任。他領導中聯影片公司拍攝大量富社會意義的電影，對社會起了教化作用，令人留下英雄是無私正義的深刻印象。
吳楚帆從影30多年，演出超過250部電影，晚年於加拿大渥太華居住，1993年2月22日在當地逝世，享年83歲，安葬於「Pinecrest墳場」。同年香港電影金像獎於第12屆頒獎典禮頒發「特別紀念獎」，表揚吳楚帆對香港電影的貢獻。
電影金句
「人人為我，我為人人」《危樓春曉》（1953年）
「食碗面，反碗底」（吃裏扒外）《香港屋簷下》（1964年）
電影作品
監製
《千萬人家》（1953年）
《火窟幽蘭》（1961年）
《香港一婦人》（1964年）
編劇
《香港一婦人》（1964年）
製片
《斷鴻零雁記》（1955年）
《琵琶怨》（1957年）
導演
《香港一婦人》（1964年）
演員
《夜半鎗聲》（1932年）
《暗室明珠》（1933年）
《戰地歸來》（1934年）
《難兄》（1934年）
《浪花村》（1934年）
《盜屍》（1934年）
《半開玫瑰》（1935年）
《糊塗外父》（1935年）
《生命綫》（1935年）
《兒女債》（1936年）
《女間諜》（1936年）
《新青年》（1936年）
《梨花落》（1936年）
《翠亨村》（1937年）
《錦繡河山》（1937年）
《沙漠之花》（1937年）
《狂導演》（1937年）
《中國青年》（1937年）
《離恨曲》（1937年）
《肉搏》（1937年）
《焦土抗戰》（1937年）
《人生曲》（1937年）
《鄉下婆從軍》（1937年）
《氣壯山河》（1938年）
《十萬情人》（1938年）
《四子從軍》（1938年）
《桃色間諜》（1938年）
《戰雲情淚》（1938年）
《血淚灑情天》（1938年）
《一夜夫妻》（1938年）
《最後關頭》（1938年）
《麻雀經》（1939年）
《銀海鴛鴦》（1939年）
《南國姊妹花》（1939年）
《胭脂馬》（1939年）
《怨女望夫歸》（1939年）
《冤魂塔》（1939年）
《卅年苦命女》（1939年）
《姑緣嫂劫》（1939年）
《生骨大頭菜》（1939年）
《蓋世女英雄》（1939年）
《孝子逃刑記》（1940年）
《大地晨鐘》（1940年）
《岳飛》（1940年）
《千金一笑》（1940年）
《強盜孝子》（1940年）
《綠林血》（1940年）
《風塵情侶》（1941年）
《歌女紅牡丹》（1941年）
《人去樓空》（1941年）
《紅粉佳人》（1941年）
《春色滿園》（1941年）
《癡兒女（上集）》（1943年）
《癡兒女（下集）》（1943年）
《情燄》（1946年）
《伶星大集會》（1947年）
《危城諜侶》（1947年）
《月圓人未圓》（1947年）
《三月杜鵑魂》（1947年）
《比翼鴛鴦》（1947年）
《辣手蛇心》（1947年）
《冷暖天鵝》（1947年）
《含笑飲砒霜》（1947年）
《借屍還魂》（1947年）
《郎情妾意》（1947年）
《情賊白菊花》（1947年）
《恨海情鴛》（1948年）
《江湖鐵漢》（1948年）
《十二美人樓》（1948年）
《胭脂八陣圖》（1948年）
《玉樓情劫》（1948年）
《風雨送魂歸》（1948年）
《新生命線》（1948年）
《黑俠與李青薇》（1948年）
《花月良宵》（1948年）
《黑俠歸來》（1948年）
《二龍爭珠》（1948年）
《腸斷跳樓人》（1948年）
《鬥氣夫妻》（1949年）
《魂斷歸家娘》（1949年）
《司馬夫大破蜜糖黨》（1949年）
《夢斷殘宵》（1949年）
《古園妖姬》（1949年）
《忍棄枕邊人》（1949年）
《古屋行屍》（1949年）
《妬潮》（1950年）
《罪惡鎖鏈（上集）》（1950年）
《罪惡鎖鏈（下集大結局）》（1950年）
《南海漁歌》（1950年）
《人海萬花筒》（1950年）
《願郎重吻妾朱唇》（1950年）
《鴛鴦劫》（1950年）
《重生》（1950年）
《誰憐後母心》（1951年）
《一帆風順》（1951年）
《孽債》（1951年）
《霓裳恨》（1951年）
《從此蕭郎陌路人》（1951年）
《人間慈父》（1951年）
《春滿瓊樓》（1951年）
《紅白金龍（上集）》（1951年）
《天堂春夢》（1951年）
《紅白金龍（下集）》（1951年）
《千金小姐丫鬟賣》（1951年）
《孤雛淚》（1951年）
《難為了媽媽》（1951年）
《血染杜鵑紅》（1951年）
《虎穴龍潭》（1951年）
《三打祝家莊（上集）》（1951年）
《怨婦情歌》（1951年）
《冷落春宵》（1951年）
《紅樓新夢》（1951年）
《三打祝家莊（下集）》（1951年）
《人海八大仙》（1951年）
《銀燈魔影》（1951年）
《第二夫人》（1951年）
《無限恩情無限恨》（1951年）
《馬票狂》（1952年）
《一彎眉月伴寒衾》（1952年）
《春滿香城》（1952年）
《貧賤夫妻百事哀》（1952年）
《浩劫紅顏》（1952年）
《佳偶天成》（1952年）
《蓬門小鳳》（1952年）
《夜桃源》（1952年）
《二八嬌妻一歲郎》（1952年）
《迷樓金粉》（1952年）
《摩登新娘》（1952年）
《時來運到》（1952年）
《歌聲淚影（上集）》（1952年）
《小明星傳》（1952年）
《歌聲淚影（下集）》（1952年）
《恩情深似海》（1952年）
《艷曲醉郎心》（1952年）
《春宵醉玉郎》（1952年）
《不夜天》（1952年）
《迷姬》（1952年）
《玉女凡心》（1952年）
《粉碎黃金夢》（1952年）
《恩恩愛愛》（1952年）
《龍鳳花燭》（1952年）
《乖孫》（1952年）
《借妻艷史》（1952年）
《驚魂花燭夜》（1952年）
《紅白牡丹花》（1952年）
《發財添丁》（1952年）
《香車美人》（1952年）
《拜錯石榴裙》（1952年）
《家》（1953年）
《日出》（1953年）
《骨肉喜重逢》（1953年）
《雙雄鬥智》（1953年）
《義犬救美》（1953年）
《春》（1953年）
《處處喜相逢》（1953年）
《歌唱海棠紅》（1953年）
《千萬人家》（1953年）
《危樓春曉》（1953年）
《明月冰心》（1953年）
《出籠鳥》（1953年）
《山水有相逄》（1954年）
《錦繡人生之二：項鏈》（1954年）
《變幻姻緣》（1954年）
《馬來亞之戀》（1954年）
《萍姬》（1954年）
《漢武帝夢會衛夫人》（1954年）
《秋》（1954年）
《百變婦人心》（1954年）
《落花流水》（1954年）
《父慈子孝》（1954年）
《杜鵑魂》（1954年）
《美人計》（1954年）
《流水行雲》（1954年）
《寒夜》（1955年）
《山河戀》（1955年）
《愛情三部曲》（1955年）
《簡娘》（1955年）
《鴛鴦譜》（1955年）
《斷鴻零雁記》（1955年）
《愛（上集）》（1955年）
《愛（續集）》（1955年）
《天長地久》（1955年）
《紅粉飄零未了情》（1955年）
《孤星血淚》（1955年）
《一代名花》（1955年）
《泣殘慈母淚》（1955年）
《余之妻》（1955年）
《月光》（1956年）
《出谷黃鶯》（1956年）
《飛賊黑貓》（1956年）
《手足情深》（1956年）
《霸王妖姬》（1956年）
《慈母淚》（1956年）
《原野》（1956年）
《仙女戲魔王》（1957年）
《琵琶怨》（1957年）
《黛綠年華》（1957年）
《無情大海有情天》（1957年）
《水滸傳：智取生辰綱》（1957年）
《啼笑姻緣》（1957年）
《一樓風雪夜歸人》（1957年）
《血染黃金》（1957年）
《第7號司機》（1958年）
《奸情》（1958年）
《黑俠擒兇》（1958年）
《香城兇影》（1958年）
《苦女江海燕（上集）》（1958年）
《苦女江海燕（大結局）》（1958年）
《女人的陷阱》（1958年）
《紫薇園的秋天》（1958年）
《美人春夢》（1958年）
《骨肉親情》（1958年）
《骨肉親情（下集大結局）》（1958年）
《碧血劍（上集）》（1958年）
《麗鬼冤仇》（1959年）
《一命三兇手》（1959年）
《毒丈夫》（1959年）
《人倫》（1959年）
《十號風波》（1959年）
《錢》（1959年）
《人》（1960年）
《三滴血》（1960年）
《棄婦（上集）》（1960年）
《人海孤鴻》（1960年）
《棄婦大結局》（1960年）
《毒手》（1960年）
《恩情（上集）》（1960年）
《恩情（下集大結局）》（1960年）
《雞鳴狗盜》（1960年）
《最後五分鐘》（1960年）
《荒島驚魂》（1960年）
《血屋驚魂》（1960年）
《少小離家老大回（上集）》（1961年）
《少小離家老大回（大結局）》（1961年）
《古廟幽魂》（1961年）
《天倫（上集）》（1961年）
《天倫（大結局）》（1961年）
《血手套》（1961年）
《火窟幽蘭》（1961年）
《鳳凰山龍虎鬥》（1961年）
《富貴神仙》（1962年）
《步步追蹤》（1962年）
《雙屍洞》（1962年）
《情比金堅》（1962年）
《破鏡重圓》（1962年）
《苦雨春風》（1962年）
《花花世界》（1962年）
《大富之家》（1963年）
《荒谷恩仇記》（1963年）
《鬼屋疑雲》（1963年）
《海》（1963年）
《香港一婦人》（1964年）
《鬼兇手》（1964年）
《香港屋簷下》（1964年）
《男男女女》（1964年）
《錦繡天堂》（1964年）
《滿堂吉慶》（1964年）
《九九九毒天鵝》（1964年）
《血紙人》（1964年）
《相思灣之戀》（1965年）
《戰地奇女子》（1965年）
《海角幽蘭》（1965年）
《馬陵道》（1965年）
《天荒情未老》（1965年）
《人鬼恩仇》（1965年）
《詩禮傳家（上集）》（1965年）
《青山依舊夕陽紅》（1965年）
《珍珠淚》（1965年）
《真假兇手》（1966年）
《喜結良緣》（1966年）
《社會棟樑》（1968年）
電視劇
1976年《狂潮》飾 廖學仁 ，無線電視
1977年《大家庭(73最終章)》飾 唐偉道議員 ，無線電視
參考資料
引用來源
參考資料
《百年夢工場》，香港電台電視節目
《香港電影的黃金時代》，薛后 著，ISBN 962-449-354-5
1993年2月23日，無綫新聞
外部連結
cho
聖保羅書院校友
香港電影男演員
香港粵語片演員
香港電視男演員
無綫電視男藝員
華裔加拿大人
移民加拿大的香港人 |
László Sólyom (, ; 3 January 1942 – 8 October 2023) was a Hungarian politician, lawyer, and librarian who was President of Hungary from 2005 until 2010. Previously he was the first president of the Constitutional Court of Hungary from 1990 to 1998.
A prominent jurist and pro-democracy activist, Sólyom became the first president of the Constitutional Court at a time when the country was in the final years of its democratic transition after decades of communist rule. During his mandate, the Court declared the death penalty unconstitutional, strengthened the protection of freedom of expression and conscience, and legitimated the domestic partnerships of homosexuals.
Later, in 2005, he was elected president of Hungary, a largely ceremonial position, as an independent candidate. He held this office until 2010.
Early life
László Sólyom was born on 3 January 1942 in Pécs, Kingdom of Hungary, the son of lawyer Ferenc Sólyom and Aranka Lelkes. On 24 October 1956, Sólyom joined an anti-communist demonstration with his fellow students of the Széchenyi István High School.
He began his studies in law and political science at the University of Pécs in 1960, graduating in 1965. Sólyom also trained to become a librarian at the National Széchényi Library between 1963 and 1965. In 1966, Ferenc Mádl, who was then the Secretary of the Legal Department of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, offered him an assistant professorship at the University of Jena's Institute of Civil Law, earning his doctorate in German Civil Law in 1969. In 1977 he published the first of his essays on law, whose main object of study was the protection of people and the environment. Sólyolm earned a doctorate in Political and Legal Sciences in 1981.
Back in Hungary, Sólyolm started working as a researcher and began teaching in 1983 at the Civil Law Department of the Faculty of Law and Political Science of the Eötvös Loránd University. In 1984, he completed another academic internship at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law and in 1988 he did research at the University of Frankfurt. Years later, in 1993, Sólyolm began teaching at the Pázmány Péter Catholic University and, since 2002, at the Andrássy University Budapest.
Already in the mid-1980s, he worked as a legal advisor for various civic and environmental movements, joining the environmental organization Duna Kör in 1984 and participating in their protests, such as those against the construction of the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Dams. In the 1980s, Sólyolm participated in civic organizations that contributed to the democratic transition in the country. In 1988 and 1989 Sólyom was the secretary of the Publicity Club, and he became a member of the board of the Independent Lawyers' Forum in 1989. He also participated in the on 27 September 1987 with other intellectuals opposed to the János Kádár regime and was one of the founding members of the then-illegal Hungarian Democratic Forum in 1989. Sólyolm became member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum's executive and was in charge of the constitutional reform proposals. He was also a member of the Opposition Round Table Talks, which was a set of meetings to design the legal and politicial basis for post-communist Hungary.
President of the Constitutional Court of Hungary (1989–1998)
Throughout his legal career, Sólyom acquired a reputation for his academic accomplishments and for his doctrinal development of privacy rights. This led to his appointment as a judge of the newly established Constitutional Court of Hungary by the National Assembly on 24 November 1989, becoming its first president in 1990. Sólyom abandoned his political affiliations but not his work as a university professor. This new court was entrusted with the task of overseeing the constitutional revisions that had been introduced the previous month.
In this role, he significantly contributed to the abolition of capital punishment, the protection of information and environmental rights, the freedom of opinion and of conscience, as well as the constitutional protection of domestic partnerships of homosexuals, the Justice Act, the status of the President of the Republic, the constitutional content of the referendum, legislation on abortion and the law on compensation, which measures brought wide international acclaim for the Constitutional Court of Hungary. The Court, with this activity, helped lead to the democratic transition in Hungary and the establishment of a parliamentary democracy.
Sólyom had a controversial principle of "activism" based on the "invisible constitution", shaping the decisions of the court by the "spirit" or "morals" of the Constitution rather than its explicitly written terms, advocating the principle of equality and human dignity even over the language of the constitution. In his concurring opinion in the judgement on the unconstitutionality of capital punishment he writes: "In this context, the starting point is the Constitution as a whole. The Constitutional Court must continue its effort to explain the theoretical bases of the Constitution and the rights included in it and to form a coherent system with its decisions which as an "invisible Constitution" provides for a reliable standard of constitutionality beyond the Constitution, which nowadays is often amended out of current political interests." He also called for the possibility of the Constitutional Court to modify laws that can be declared unconstitutional so as not to annul them completely.
Sólyolm's term of office ended on 24 November 1998 and was succeeded by János Németh. He continued his scholarly career, continued giving lectures in universities, and became founder of Védegylet, an environmentalist and civil rights non-governmental organisation in 2000. Sólyom became member of the International Commission of Jurists and the . In 2002, Prime Minister Péter Medgyessy appointed Sólyolm as head of the advisory committee of the bill to make public the collaboration of officials of the current government and administration with the secret police of the late communist regime.
President of Hungary (2005–2010)
In view of the 2005 Hungarian presidential election, in February 2005, 110 personalities sent, as representatives of the Védegylet organization, intellectuals and artists, an open letter to the members of the National Assembly, to elect Sólyom as the next president of the Republic, as they saw in him a "non-partisan person who looks beyond the political considerations of the moment".
In the third round of the elections, on 7 June 2005, Solyom was elected by the National Assembly as the new President of Hungary, receiving 185 votes, three votes more than the Hungarian Socialist Party candidate Katalin Szili, although there were reports of voting irregularities. He was subsequently sworn into office.
László Sólyom was inaugurated in his office at a ceremony in the Mirror Hall of Sándor Palace on 4 August, effectively beginning his term of office on 5 August.
In March 2006 he refused to shake hands with János Fekete, former vice president of the Hungarian National Bank before the end of Communism in Hungary. The incident happened while presenting an award to Fekete that the Gyurcsány cabinet forced through, despite strong objections to that nomination due to Fekete's past as a hardline communist.
On 26 June 2006, while the President of the United States George W. Bush was visiting Hungary to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian uprising, Sólyom told him that "this fight against terrorism can be successful only if every step and measure taken are in line with international law", a comment that many media interpreted as a subtle criticism of the Iraq War.
Following the outbreak of anti-government protests in September 2006 that soon became violent, Sólyom called unsuccessfully on Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány to resign, accusing him of lying to the people and provoking a "moral crisis" in the country after the latter admitted that he had repeatedly lied about the country's economic situation. In 2006, a published poll showed that Sólyom was the most trusted politician in the country.
In 2007, he refused to award a similar distinction to Gyula Horn. He referred to the fact that Horn had not changed his views on the 1956 revolution in which he had taken part on the Soviet side, fighting against the Hungarian revolutionaries. Sólyom said that this (i.e., Horn's opinion) conflicts with the constitutional values of the Republic of Hungary, and that he could not give the award to Horn, despite his merits.
In 2009, Sólyom was refused entry to Slovakia to attend the dedication of a statue of King Saint Stephen in the border town of Komárno on 21 August, an incident reported in Hungary as tantamount to a declaration of persona non grata which further worsened already tense Hungary–Slovakia relations. Sólyom said that "this is a situation unheard of, inexcusable and unexplainable in the relationship of two allied countries." Slovakia's government, containing the ultranationalist SNS party, claimed that the Hungarian President's presence is a "threat to national security". Sólyom came back to visit the same statue a year later in August 2010, after Slovak voters ousted the previous government; the ceremony at the statue took place without incident. The Court of Justice of the European Union ruled in October 2012 that the prohibition on his entry into Slovakia in 2009 did not compromise his freedom of movement as an EU citizen because his role as a Head of State justified a limit, based on international law, to his right to freedom of movement.
On 5 August 2010, Sólyom was succeeded as President by Pál Schmitt.
Post-presidency
During the processing of the 2011 constitution of Hungary, Sólyom stated that "the drafting process had lost its dignity by descending to the level of common parliamentary squabbles".
After his mandate, he established scholarships to help young Hungarian researchers to study in other countries. He was very critical of the Viktor Orbán government. Sólyom published his three-volume professional memoir and summary Documenta in 2019.
Personal life and death
In 1966, he married a school teacher named Erzsébet (née Nagy; 1944–2015), a fellow student at the Pécs Conservatory. They had two children: Beáta Sólyom and Benedek Sólyom, as well as eleven grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. His wife kept a low profile during Sólyom's presidency and participated in events for disabled children, large families and the elderly, staying away from protocol events. She passed away in February 2015 at the age of 73 after a long illness, for which reason he gradually abandoned his public life.
He was Catholic. After his retirement, Sólyom translated many theologian works into Hungarian. After his wife's death, Sólyom walked Camino de Santiago on foot. He also passed a pilot's licence in his old age. Sólyom frequently volunteered at the Hungarian Charity Service of the Order of Malta.
Sólyom died of cancer on 8 October 2023, at age 81, in Budapest. The religious funeral took place on 18 October at the Fiume Road Graveyard. His funeral was attended by numerous politicians and public figures, including incumbent head of state Katalin Novák, former presidents Pál Schmitt and János Áder, house speaker László Kövér, cardinal Péter Erdő and apostolic nuncio Michael Banach, in addition to various members of the Hungarian government and opposition parties.
Awards and honours
Humboldt Prize (1998)
: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (1999)
: Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1998)
Imre Nagy Medal (2003)
: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (27 March 2006)
: Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars (31 August 2006)
: Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great (31 August 2006)
: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (2006)
: Knight of the Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (25 May 2007)
: Grand Cross with Chain of the National Order of Merit (31 May 2007)
: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (2 June 2007)
: First Class of the Order of Friendship (23 November 2007)
: Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (7 July 2008)
: Grand Cross with Diamonds of the Order of the Sun of Peru (24 September 2008)
Hungarian Freedom Prize (2013)
References
External links
The Office of the President of the Republic of Hungary
His biography at the above site
Biography on his campaign site
Website of the civil organisation Védegylet, which nominated him
The campaign site made by Védegylet
His profile by Index
|-
1942 births
2023 deaths
20th-century Hungarian lawyers
Academic staff of Eötvös Loránd University
Academic staff of Pázmány Péter Catholic University
Academic staff of the University of Jena
Constitutional Court of Hungary judges
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru
Grand Crosses with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil)
Grand Crosses with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Hungarian Democratic Forum politicians
Hungarian librarians
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
People from Pécs
Politicians of Catholic political parties
Presidents of Hungary
Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta)
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
University of Pécs alumni
Hungarian translators |
婴儿睡眠障碍挂什么科？童年本是我们最开心快乐时期，无忧无愁、生活简单。但有些幼儿却因为各种各样的原因出现了睡眠障碍，导致他们总是提不起精神，而家长们看到自己的子女睡不好也很担心。想要去医院做一个比较系统的检查，但小儿睡眠障碍看什么科呢？宝宝的睡眠障碍，如果是没有继发任何疾病的情况下，无缘无故出现睡眠障碍，如入睡困难或者睡后早醒，这时可以就诊于小儿神经内科。如果当地医院没有细致的分类，可以首先就诊于儿科，请神经内科会诊。可能是继发于某些疾病造成宝宝的睡眠障碍，比如睡眠呼吸暂停、肺炎、上呼吸道感染、哮喘等，要根据原发病的状态就诊于不同的科室。感冒、发烧、哮喘需要先就诊于儿科的呼吸方向。如果吃饭不好、频繁腹泻，需要就诊于小儿内科消化方向。三甲医院以下没有细致的分类，所以，如果真是没有细致的分科，直接就诊于儿科就好。睡眠障碍的表现有:睡眠量过度增多﹐如因各种脑病﹑内分泌障碍﹑代谢异常引起的嗜睡状态或昏睡﹐以及因脑病变所引起的发作性睡病﹐这种睡病表现为经常出现短时间(一般不到15分钟)不可抗拒性的睡眠发作﹐往往伴有摔倒﹑睡眠瘫痪和入睡前幻觉等症状。睡眠量不足的失眠。一整夜的睡眠时间不足五个小时5，主要体现为满意入睡，浅睡﹐易醒或早醒等。在知道孩子有睡眠障碍时，做家长的不要心急，一定要先查明原因，然后对症下药，多给孩子一些鼓励，在精神上帮助他们。可以恰当借助辅助睡眠的方法，睡前听些舒缓的音乐，也可以在医生的指导下借助药物进行治疗。帮助孩子养成健康的睡眠习惯。 |
.vu為瓦努阿图國家及地區頂級域（ccTLD）的域名。該域名於1995 年 4 月 10 日啟用。該域名沒有註冊限制，任何人可以申請註冊二級域名。該域名由瓦努阿图电信有限公司負責運營和註冊。
参考
外部連結
IANA .vu whois information
.vu domain registration website
vu
瓦努阿图
sv:Toppdomän#V |
Piantedosi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gary Piantedosi (born 1954), American rower
Matteo Piantedosi (born 1963), Italian civil servant and politician
See also
Piantadosi, surname
Italian-language surnames |
皮肤干燥缺什么维生素？在炎热的夏天，许多人打开空调来散热，而许多人发现经常吹空调很容易使皮肤干燥。不仅是空调，许多人发现，如果他们的身体缺乏一些维生素，他们的皮肤会很容易干燥，在这种情况下，护肤品本身不一定会改善。那皮肤在出现干燥的时候是身体缺乏哪些维生素？如果身体缺乏维生素A，皮肤表面分泌的粘液和皮脂会减少，皮肤和粘膜的抵抗力会降低，从而导致皮肤干燥、脱皮、角质化、毛囊突出和暗沉。维生素A是人体必需的重要微量营养素。它在维持正常的视觉功能、调节各种组织和细胞的生长和分化、调节细胞免疫和体液免疫，细胞膜糖蛋白的合成中发挥重要作用。维生素A对皮肤的表皮层有保护作用，可使人的皮肤柔润、光泽、有弹性，因此又被称为“美容维生素”。饮食中如果缺乏维生素A，会引起皮肤干燥，角质代谢失常，易松弛老化。另外，维生素b2是人体中比较重要的物质，如果身体缺乏维生素b2，会导致机体代谢出现障碍，从而让皮肤有干燥脱屑的现象。同时，维生素e的缺乏会让皮肤有干燥的现象，维生素是具有保持皮肤弹性，有抗氧化的作用，如果缺乏就会导致皮肤失去弹性，变得干燥。对许多人来说，干燥皮肤的解决方案是将购买的护肤膏涂抹在干燥的地方。事实上，这种方法的知识是暂时的。保湿期过后，皮肤仍然非常干燥，特别是由于维生素缺乏引起的干燥。此外，还需要补充相应的维生素。胶原蛋白的流失会导致皮肤干燥。因此，平时也要有针对地多吃些胶原蛋白丰富的食物，可以保持肌肤的弹性和水润。 |
晃塔（Monar Jonban）位于伊朗中部城市伊斯法罕，建于14世纪。
门高10米，宽10米，塔高7米，圆周4米 。
这座建筑的特征是，如果摇晃其中一座塔，另一座塔也会摇晃。理论上限制游客每二十分钟只能摇一次。
参考
Isfahan.org: photo
More Photos, Tishineh
伊朗的塔
伊斯法罕建筑物 |
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny, abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes in the country. It is the main research oriented organization along with the five other academies in Ukraine specialized in various scientific disciplines. NAS Ukraine consists of numerous departments, sections, research institutes, scientific centers and various other supporting scientific organizations.
The Academy reports on the annual basis to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The presidium of the academy is located at vulytsia Volodymyrska, 57, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum, which was used to host the Central Council during the independence period of 1917-18.
In 1919–1991 it was a republican branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Names
Over its history, the NAS Ukraine has had these 5 names.
History
Establishment of the Academy
The direct institutional predecessors of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences were the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lemberg (Lviv) and the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv that due to various circumstances did not developed into national academy.
The initiative to create such an institution came from the Ukrainian Science Society in April 1917, eight months before the beginning of the Soviet-Ukrainian War. However it was finally materialized during the time of the Ukrainian State, when on the proposal of the Minister of Education and Arts Mykola Vasylenko a special commission was formed. Headed by academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Volodymyr Vernadskyi, the commission has drafted a bill about creation of the Ukrainian Academy of Science in Kyiv with its National Library, National Museum, and other scientific institutions. At the end of June 1918 the issue on creation of the Academy was raised at the Ukrainian Science Society Extraordinary General Assembly (June 23 and 28). During July 9 - September 17, 1918 the commission based on the proposed by Vernadskyi a model of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS) as an academy with universal characteristics has developed a bill for the creation of the Academy, a draft of its statute and staff, estimate. Based on them on November 14, 1918 Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadsky signed the Law of Ukrainian State about establishing of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv, and also approved the UAS statute, the UAS staff and its institutions and the order of Ministry of National Education about appointing the first 12 full members (academicians) of the UAS.
According to its original statute, the Academy consisted of three research departments in history and philology (1st department), physics and mathematics (2nd department), as well as social studies (3rd department). Its structural units became permanent commissions and institutes. There were planned 15 institutes, 14 permanent commissions, 6 museums, 2 offices, 2 laboratories, botanical and acclimatization gardens, astronomical observatory, biology station, printing house and national library. All publishing of academy was to be printed in the Ukrainian language. Its statute emphasized the all-Ukrainian nature: the members could be not only citizens of the Ukrainian State, but also the Ukrainian scientists of the West Ukraine (at that time citizens of Austria-Hungary). Foreigners could become academicians as well, but on the resolution of the 2/3 of the active members' composition.
The presidium of newly created academy and its first academicians (three to each department) were appointed by the Ukrainian government, while the future members were expected to be elected by those academicians (as an active members). Among the first academicians were historians Dmytro Bahaliy and Orest Levytsky, economists Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky and Volodymyr Kosynsky, eastern studies Ahathanhel Krymsky and Nikolai Petrov, linguist Stepan Smal-Stotsky, geologists Volodymyr Vernadsky and Pavlo Tutkovsky, biologist Mykola Kashchenko, mechanic Stepan Tymoshenko, law studies Fedir Taranovsky. For the post of the President of the Academy, the Hetman of Ukraine (head of state) Pavlo Skoropadsky invited Mykhailo Hrushevsky who at that time was the president of the Ukrainian Science Society and before the World War I served as the president of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lemberg, neighboring Austria-Hungary, but Hrushevsky declined the invitation yet later (sometime after 1923) became a major figure in the Ukrainian Academy of Science (UAS) in Kyiv.
Its official operations the academy started at the end of November 1918 with having several sessions of General Assembly and assemblies of its departments. The first General Assembly (Constituent) that took place on November 27, 1918 academician Volodymyr Vernadsky was elected the President of academy, while the permanent secretary became Ahathanhel Krymsky. The same day, at the sessions of the 2nd and the 3rd departments there were elected as chairmen respectively Mykola Kashchenko and Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky, on 8 December 1918 the chairman of the 1st department was elected Dmytro Bahaliy. All appointments were approved by Hetman Skoropadskyi.
The first institutions of the UAS established in December 1918 were such commissions:
for compilation of historic and geographic dictionary of the Ukrainian land (director Dmytro Bahaliy)
for compilation of historic dictionary of Ukrainian language (director Yevhen Tymchenko)
for compilation of the Ukrainian living language dictionary (director Ahathanhel Krymsky)
for publishing landmarks of the modern Ukrainian script (director Serhiy Yefremov)
(archaeographic commission) for publishing landmarks of language, script and history (director Vasyl Danylevych)
acclimatization garden (director Mykhailo Kashchenko)
institute of technical mechanics (director Stepan Tymoshenko)
institute of geodesy, institute of economic conjuncture and national economy of Ukraine (director Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky)
Next month there were added following commissions:
institute of demography
in research of common law (director Orest Levytsky)
in research of social issues (director Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky)
in research of national economy (director Volodymyr Kosynsky)
First years
During its first years the academy operated during the period of political instability and economical ruin (Ukrainian–Soviet War, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War). The leadership of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences sought its recognition by each new power and principally emphasizing on non-political background of the main science center. Despite the financial hardship, famine, arrests, and emigration of some of its members, the UAS has not only survived as an institution, but developed its structure and directions of research, began to prepare for publication its scientific works.
On 3 January 1919 the Direktoria of the Ukrainian People's Republic has adopted legislatively changes to the UAS statute, according to which there were made provisions concerning printing of works in Ukrainian and foreign languages (volume of publications in foreign language should not exceeded the 1/4 amount of the Ukrainian language), all the UAS officials had to freely possess the Ukrainian language, and full members upon their approval would swear in allegiance to the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Supreme power also has left after itself the right to approve the newly elected members at the UAS General Assembly.
Following occupation of Kyiv by Bolshevik forces, on 11 February 1919 to the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was handed over as its own property the mansion and former boarding house of countess Levashova on the order of People's Commissar of Education of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, Volodymyr Zatonskyi. The next day on 12 February 1919 there took place an extraordinary UAS General Assembly, during which Ahatanhel Krymsky passed on the order of Zatonskyi immediately to start the work. Since the late 1920s, in the Soviet historiography that day was considered as the day of establishing the Academy of Sciences contrary to 14 February 1918 when Hetman Skoropadskyi signed the law on creation of the academy.
After several change of powers and withdrawal of the Denikin's forces in December 1919 the Bolsheviks permanently established themselves in Kyiv. With the second arrival of Bolsheviks Vernadsky resigned. Orest Levytskyor was elected President of the Academy for the next couple of years. In 1921 Levytsky was replaced by a newly elected Mykola Vasylenko, however he was not approved by the authorities and soon was replaced with Levytsky. Vasylenko after that was arrested in 1923 and convicted (later released on amnesty).
On June 14, 1921, the Council of People's Commissars of Ukrainian SSR adopted a decree "Resolution on the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences", according to which the Academy was recognized as the highest scientific state institution and subordinated to the Narkom of Education. The Academy was renamed from UAS to VUAN () as the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences underlining its meaning for the Ukrainian territories under Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and declaring its intentions to unite within one organization the scientific intelligentsiya of all Ukrainian lands. The relationship between the members of VUAN and the Soviet authorities soured, while the relationships with the Ukrainian scientists abroad had completely diminished. After the historian Orest Levytsky the President of the Academy became the botanist Volodymyr Lypsky. Between 1919-1930 to the Academy were elected 103 academicians. In 1924-5, the Academy held its first election for foreign members. However, none of the candidates were approved by the Narkom of Education.
In 1929, two of its members (Serhiy Yefremov and Mykhailo Slabchenko) and 24 corresponding agents (such as Osip Hermaize, Hryhoriy Holoskevych, Andriy Nikovsky, and others) were arrested in accusation to belonging to the non-existing (as later it was established) Union for the Freedom of Ukraine. None of the arrested have ever been released.
Chief executive posts
Presidents
Chief scientific secretary
Structure and administration
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to its official status is a higher scientific self-governed organization of Ukraine and was founded on a state property. The self-government of the Academy is kept in independent determination of its research's thematic and forms of its organization and realization, formation of its organizational structure, solving own issues with administration of research, its financing, and professional cadres, fulfillment of its international scientific relations, free election and collegiality of its governing authority. The Academy brings together full members, corresponding members, and its foreign members, all scientists of its institutions, organizes and conducts fundamental and applied scientific research in the most important issues of natural, technical, social, and humanitarian sciences.
Administration
The highest body of self-government of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is its General Assembly (, Zahalni zbory) that consists of full members (academicians) and corresponding members. Except for issues relating to election of full members, corresponding members and foreign members of the Academy, at the General Assembly sessions take part with the right of decisive vote scientists who were delegated by work collective of the Academy's scientific institutions and with the right of advisory vote foreign members, directors of the Academy's scientific institutions, and representatives of scientific community.
In period between the General Assembly sessions the Academy's activities are being administered (supervised) by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Presidium which is elected by General Assembly on the term of 5 years. The NASU Presidium that was lastly elected in April 2015 consists of 32 persons including president, 5 vice-presidents, Chief Scientific Secretary, 14 department secretaries-academicians, 11 other members. In the Presidium's sessions take part with the right of advisory vote 5 acting Presidium members and 14 NASU Presidium advisers. The presidium meets in the former building of Countess Levashova that the Academy owns since its establishment in 1918. The presidium also directs operations of the Academy's publishing institutions as well as some selected science and other institutions among which are own exposition center, Grand Conference Hall, etc.
In the NASU function 3 sections with 14 departments within them. There also are 6 regional science centers in various regions of the country, which have dual subordination also to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The basic elements of the NASU's structure are scientific research institutes and other scientific institutions such as observatories, botanic gardens, arboreta, nature preserves, libraries, museums, other. In 2006 the Academy accounted for 43,613 employees including 16,813 researchers; among them, 2,493 with degree of Doktor Nauk (Doctor of Sciences) and 7,996 with degree of Kandidat Nauk (Candidate of Sciences, Ph.D.).
The NASU is responsible for over 90% of all discoveries made in Ukraine, including the transmutation of lithium into helium, the production of heavy water, and the development of a 3-D radar that operates in the decimeter range.
Sections
Section of Physical-Technical and Mathematical Sciences
Department of Mathematics
Department of Computer Science
Department of Mechanics
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Department of Earth Sciences
Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science
Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering
Department of Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering
Section of Chemical and Biological Sciences
Department of Chemistry
Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Department of General Biology
Section of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of Economics
Department of History, Philosophy and Law
Department of Literature, Language and Art Studies
Regional centers
Regional science centers (SCs) are:
Donetsk SC (center in Donetsk, temporarily relocated to Kramatorsk) - 9 research institutes;
Western SC (Lviv) - 18 institutes;
Southern SC (Odesa) - 7 institutes;
North-East SC (Kharkiv) led by Volodymyr Semynozhenko since 25.11.1992 - 17 institutes;
Dnieper SC (Dnipro) - 7 institutes;
Crimea SC (Simferopol) - 8 institutes (statute activities and financing is suspended since 2014).
The most of institutions of the Academy (212) are placed in the city of Kyiv, following by Kharkiv (39) and Lviv (27). The Academy is represented at least by one institution in most of the oblasts in Ukraine, except Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, and Kirovohrad.
Scientific institutions of the NASU
Libraries
There are 2 national libraries affiliated with the NASU:
The V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine with 10 million books, manuscripts
The V. Stefanyk National Library in Lviv.
Institutes
A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems in Kharkiv
Parks and nature reserves
The department of General Biology includes a number of parks and nature reserves.
Trostianets dendro-park
Donetsk Botanic Garden
Danube Biosphere Preserve
Karadah Nature Preserve
Kryvyi Rih Botanic Garden
Luhansk Nature Preserve
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
Oleksandriya dendro-park
Sofiyivka dendro-park
Ukrainian Steppe Nature Preserve
Black Sea Biosphere Reserve
Research centers and funds
Publishers
The NASU has two publishing houses:
«Наукова думка» (roughly "Scientific Thought" or "Naukova dumka") and
«Академперіодика» (roughly "Academic Periodical" or "Akademperiodyka")
The NASU has made major contributions to most of the major fields of science.
Former (disbanded) institutions
Commission in research of the Soviet Law (1927–1934)
Cabinet of the Soviet Construction and Law (1930–1934)
Commission in research of the History of Western-Russian and Ukrainian Law (1919–1934)
Commission about the History of Common Law (1918–1934)
Demographic Institute (1918–1938)
Awards
Bogolyubov Prize
The Bogolyubov Prize is an award offered by the Academy for scientists with outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and applied mathematics. The award is issued in the memory of theoretical physicist and mathematician Nikolay Bogolyubov.
Vernadsky Gold Medal
The Academy has awarded its Vernadsky Gold Medal annually since 2004 to the most distinguished academicians.
2003 Borys Paton
2004 Platon Kostiuk and Szilveszter E. Vizi
2005 Viktor Skopenko and Nikolai Plate
2006 Yurii Mitropolskiy and Yury Osipov
2007 Myroslav Popovych and Georges Nivat
2008 Viktor Baryakhtar and Vladimir Kadyshevsky
2009 Volodymyr Marchenko and Jean Bourgain
2010 Mikhail Lisitsa and Manuel Cardona
2011 Borys Oliynyk and Blaže Ristovski
2012 Mykola Bahrov and Nikolai Laverov
2013 Oleksandr Huz and Herbert Mang
2014
2015 Alexei Abrikosov
2016 Anthony Turner and Ganna V. Elska
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021 Anton Zeilinger
See also
National Herbarium of Ukraine
Ukrainian Science Society (1907–1921), a predecessor of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
State-funded research institutions
Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine
National Academy of Arts of Ukraine
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine
National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
Minor Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Public-funded research institutions
Academy of Mining Sciences of Ukraine
Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine
Academy of Higher Education of Ukraine
Shevchenko Scientific Society
Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences of Canada (Winnipeg)
Ukrainian Academy of Art and Sciences in the US (New York)
Notes
References
External links
Brief Annual Report of NASU for 2006
Shpak, A.P., Yurkova, O.V. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (НАЦІОНАЛЬНА АКАДЕМІЯ НАУК УКРАЇНИ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2010
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Статут Національної академії наук України). Verkhovna Rada website. Registered 11 June 2002.
Scientific organizations based in Ukraine
Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv
USSR Academy of Sciences
Scientific organizations established in 1918
1918 establishments in Ukraine
Culture in Kyiv
Soviet culture
Institute of History of the Party (Ukraine)
Members of the International Council for Science
Members of the International Science Council
Institutions with the title of National in Ukraine |
在英國作家托爾金的奇幻小說裡，比歐（Bëor the Old）是第一紀元伊甸人首個民族的領袖，故那一族被稱為比歐族，比歐是巴蘭及貝蘭的父親，也是貝倫的的祖先。
在人類向西遷徙時，比歐是人類第一個民族的首領。在比歐的帶領下，他的子民離開伊利雅德，越過伊瑞德隆，在太陽紀310年抵達歐西瑞安的林地。精靈君王芬羅德·費拉剛發現了人類，並且幫助他們。芬羅德·費拉剛很快就精通人類的語言，與人類的領袖一直保持聯繫。比歐跟從芬羅德·費拉剛指示，來到貝爾蘭東部的伊斯托拉德，不久後，比歐的長子巴蘭破例得以為芬羅德·費拉剛效力，進入納國斯隆德。直到臨終之日，比歐也在伊斯托拉德居住，他曾參與對抗半獸人的戰事。
比歐的真名是巴爾蘭（Balan），在人類的語言裡，比歐解作「封臣」，這是因為他為芬羅德·費拉剛效力。據說，他的後裔亦有沿用比歐這個稱號。他又被稱為「年老」，因為他活到93歲，安詳地去世。比歐是伊甸人的其中一名賢名，他精通人類的傳說，但僅有少數他的後裔能被傳授比歐的知識，他們不願意將他們的歷史告訴給芬羅德·費拉剛。他的大部分知識都傳給埃丹尼奧及安列絲。
比歐家族
參考資料
中土大陸的角色
虛構世系图 |
鸭舌癀属（学名：Phyla）是马鞭草科下的一个属，为多年生匍匐草本植物。该属共有约10种，分布于北美及中美洲。
参考文献
外部链接
马鞭草科
de:Phyla
fr:Phyla |
臺清交成是對4所臺灣頂尖國立理科研究型大學的合稱，包括國立臺灣大學、國立清華大學、國立陽明交通大學、國立成功大學。另外，與文科的頂尖研究型大學，國立政治大學合稱臺清交成政（五大）。
排序
4校的固定排序與學術成就並無絕對，是按照地理位置或成立年份排行，或以傳統大學入學考試成績（聯考—指考—分科）最低錄取分數以及學測大學個人申請錄取難易度作大略排序。
臺清交成一詞是根據各校在臺灣的地理位置從北向南排序，國立臺灣大學位於臺北市、國立清華大學位於新竹市、國立陽明交通大學位於新竹市及臺北市（其前身國立交通大學位於新竹市）、國立成功大學位於臺南市。
臺清交成亦為四所大學錄取難易度的大略排序，其中又以臺灣大學為首。四所大學合稱四大，若加上國立政治大學的話即合稱五大，與中字輩等四所大學合稱「四大四中」或「五大四中」，另與臺灣技職體系的頂尖學府國立臺灣科技大學、國立臺北科技大學合稱五大四中兩科。
「臺成清交」一詞是根據各校在臺灣的成立年份排序，臺灣大學創校於1928年、成功大學創校於1931年、清華大學在臺復校於1956年、交通大學在臺復校於1958年。假若根據近年大學學術表現的排名趨勢，順序則是「臺清成交」（QS世界大學排名）或「臺清交成」（泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名）。
四校各項學術排行與統計
參考資料
參見
中字輩
民國四大名校
高等教育深耕計畫
北清复交
SKY
台灣高等教育
台灣公立大專院校
高等院校合稱 |
汉斯·施密特-伊瑟施泰特（德语：Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt，），德国指挥家、作曲家。在若干所音乐学院学习后，他在1923年至1945年期间在德国的歌剧院工作，先是担任声乐指导，然后担任越来越高级的指挥职位，最后成为柏林德意志歌劇院的音樂總監（GMD）。
二战结束后，施密特-伊瑟施泰特应英国占领军的邀请，组建了德国西北广播交响乐团，从1945年到1971年，他担任该乐团的音乐总监和首席指挥。他经常担任世界各地主要交响乐团的客座指挥，并不时回到歌剧界，在格林德伯恩歌剧节、科文特花园以及漢堡國立歌劇院演出。
施密特-伊瑟施泰特以其透明的管弦音色、严格的节奏精度以及拒绝台上的多余手势和风格主义而闻名。他的大量录音遗产以他广泛参与的奥地利-德国经典作品为主，同时也包括捷克、英国、法国、意大利和俄罗斯作曲家的作品。
生平和事业
早年
施密特-伊瑟施泰特于1900年5月5日出生在柏林。他在柏林音乐学院跟随弗朗兹·施雷克尔学习作曲，同时也是海德堡、明斯特和柏林大学的学生。在柏林大学，他撰写了一篇关于意大利对莫扎特早期歌剧配器的影响的博士论文。他早期受到的音乐影响包括指挥家尼基施·阿图尔和费利克斯·魏因加特纳。
1923年，施密特-伊瑟施泰特加入伍珀塔尔歌剧院，成为一名声乐指导。他在（1928-1931）和达姆施塔特州立剧院（1931-1933）担任指挥职务，指挥。1935年，他被任命为汉堡国立歌剧院的第一指挥，这个职位他一直担任到1943年。同年，他被调到柏林德意志歌剧院担任歌剧总监，并在第二年成为那里的音樂總監（）。他成功地保住了这些高级职位，并被列入第三帝国的中，尽管他避免加入纳粹党，并有一个犹太妻子，1936年他把她和他们的两个儿子送到英国以保安全。
战后
1945年，第二次世界大战结束后，英国占领军在汉堡建立了一个新的广播电台——。总监任命施密特-伊瑟施泰特为音乐总监，并责成他为该电台组建和训练一个交响乐团。指挥家的传记作者胡贝特·吕布萨特（Hubert Rübsaat）写道，他组建了一个“无中生有”（"aus dem Nichts"）的乐团。他以伦敦的BBC交響樂團和纽约的NBC交响乐团为范本——这些乐团主要为广播而组建，具有最高的演奏水准。他花了6个月时间使新的德国西北广播交响乐团（NWDR SO）达到了他所要求的标准，并于1945年11月指挥了该乐团的第一场公开音乐会。在1955年对广播乐团的调查中，《》评论说，德国西北广播交响乐团很快就被公认为“甚至足以挑战柏林爱乐乐团”。
在接下来的26年里，施密特-伊瑟施泰特一直担任德国西北广播交响乐团的音乐总监。他邀请了许多客座指挥家与乐团合作，但乐团的定期录音室广播大多由他指挥。他推出了一个公开的音乐会季，每年有十场演出。演出曲目非常广泛，包括那些被纳粹禁止的作曲家的作品，如巴托克、斯特拉文斯基和欣德米特，以及蒂皮特、布里顿和其他当代作曲家的最新作品。施密特-伊瑟施泰特和乐团在国外巡演，在法国、英国、苏联和美国演出。从1955年到1964年，他把在汉堡的工作与的首席指挥结合起来，并以客座指挥的身份出现在世界主要音乐中心的120多个乐团。
施密特-伊瑟施泰特不时地回到歌剧领域。他在战后的第一次歌剧演出是在汉堡国家歌剧院的珀塞尔《狄多与埃涅阿斯》，在1940年代末，他在德国首次演出了布里顿的《》版本。在萨塞克斯郡和爱丁堡音乐节的格林德伯恩歌剧节，他指挥了《女人皆如此》、《》、《》和《士兵的故事》，以及一系列著名的《费加罗的婚礼》（1958年），他认为演员阵容近乎完美，包括、、和特蕾莎·布干薩。在科文特花园皇家歌剧院，他指挥了《特里斯坦与伊索尔德》，由和比尔吉特·尼尔森演唱标题中的两名角色（1962年），以及由饰演荷兰人的《漂泊的荷兰人》（1972年）。
在施密特-伊瑟施泰特自己的作品中，有歌曲，歌剧 Hassan gewinnt（罗斯托克，1928年）和管弦乐队作品。
1973年5月28日，施密特-伊瑟施泰特在汉堡附近的平讷贝格县霍尔姆去世，享年73岁。《泰晤士报》对他的成就进行了总结：
录音
从1934年起，施密特-伊瑟施泰特就活跃在录音室里。他的早期唱片包括与小提琴家合作的一系列协奏曲演出，被《泰晤士报》称为“精彩”。这些唱片是为德律風根制作的，包括贝多芬、门德尔松、舒曼和勃拉姆斯的小提琴协奏曲。
战后，施密特-伊瑟施泰特为许多公司录制了唱片，包括迪卡。《泰晤士报》将施密特-伊瑟施泰特1953年与德国西北广播交响乐团录制的德沃夏克第七交响曲称为“经典之作”。那张唱片是由制作的。但施密特-伊瑟施泰特的儿子后来加入了公司，并制作了他父亲的许多唱片。在施密特-伊瑟施泰特为迪卡主持的主要项目中，有一个与威廉·巴克豪斯和维也纳爱乐乐团在1958-59年录制的贝多芬钢琴协奏曲全集，以及与同一乐团在1965年到1969年录制的贝多芬九部交响曲全集。《泰晤士报》对它们的评价是：“它们是典型的理智的、探索性的诠释，完全没有个人的风格注意，因此非常值得推荐给大家反复聆听。”
当埃里克·史密斯离开迪卡为工作时，他的父亲开始为该公司录音。他在去世前不久录制的最后一张唱片，是与阿尔弗雷德·布伦德尔和皇家音乐厅管弦乐团合作的勃拉姆斯第一钢琴协奏曲。尽管人们常将他与德奥音乐联系在一起，但他录制的曲目也包括捷克、英国、法国、意大利和俄罗斯作曲家的作品。
参考文献和来源
参考文献
来源
20世紀古典音樂作曲家
德国古典音乐作曲家 |
Introverted Boss () is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Yeon Woo-jin and Park Hye-su. It aired on cable network tvN every Monday and Tuesday at 23:00 (KST) from January 16 to March 14, 2017.
Synopsis
Eun Hwan-ki (Yeon Woo-jin) is the CEO of a public relations company, but he is extremely shy. Due to his personality his employees do not know him well.
Chae Ro Woon (Park Hye-soo) starts working in the company of Eun Hwan-ki. She is very energetic and receives recognition for her good work, however she is interested in CEO Eun Hwan-ki and plans to reveal who he really is.
Cast
Main
Yeon Woo-jin as Eun Hwan-ki
Park Ha-joon as young Eun Hwan-ki
The "Silent Monster" CEO of Brain public relations firm. He appears to be cold and prickly, but is actually extremely shy and sensitive, and avoids people as much as possible by hiding out in his penthouse office or by covering himself in black and wearing a hood.
Park Hye-su as Chae Ro-woon
An outgoing rookie employee who, despite her extroverted nature and excellent communication skills, is silent and lethargic introvert at home. She aims to take revenge on her boss for the death of her sister.
Yoon Park as Kang Woo-il
Lee Tae-woo as young Kang Woo-il
The warm, confident but sensitive co-CEO of Brain public relations firm and Hwan-ki's best friend. Also the fiancé of Eun Yi-soo.
Gong Seung-yeon as Eun Yi-soo
Seo Eun-sol as young Eun Yi-soo
Hwan-ki's sister, a chaebol heiress with an introverted personality. She has a mental illness initially instigated by her father's prolonged verbal and emotional abuse of her brother.
People in Silent Monster
Ye Ji-won as Dang Yoo-hee, a working mother
Jun Hyo-seong as Kim Gyo-ri, an employee who has crush on Se-jong
Heo Jung-min as Eom Sun-bong
Han Jae-suk as Jang Se-jong, a new employee
People in Brain PR
Stephanie as Director Park
Jung Yi-yun as Assistant Jung
Woo-il's fan club and the elite of Brand Promotions AE
Hwang So-hee as Assistant Lee
Woo-il's fan club and the elite of Brand Promotions AE
Others
Kim Eung-soo as Eun Bok-dong, Hwan-ki's father
Kim Ye-ryeong as Park Ae-ran, Hwan-ki's mother
Lee Han-wi as Chae Won-sang, Ro-woon's father
Kim Mi-kyung as Ro-woon's mother
Han Chae-ah as Chae Ji-hye, Ro-woon's older sister and Kang Woo-il's lover
Lee Kyu-han as Woo Gi-ja, Ro-woon's neighborhood brother and a reporter
Jang Hee-jin as Seo Yeon-jung, Hwan-ki's first love
Special appearances
Kim Junsu as Top Star (Ep. 1)
Choi Byung-mo as a presenter
Kim Ki-doo as a man in the restroom 1 (Ep. 2) / Chinese restaurant food-delivery
Jo Hyun-shik as a man in the restroom 2
Choi Joon-ho as a man in the restroom 3
Song Yung-jae as Won-sang's friend
Woo Hyun as Won-sang's friend
Seo Byung-sook as White Cloud Nursery School Director
Yoo Gun-woo as Secretary Kwak, Won-sang's secretary
Choi Eun-ho as Il-ho
Seo In-sung as Lee-ho
Lee Han-na as Si-yun
Geum Kwang-san as a people in sauna
Ji Dae-han as an advertiser for the Opera
Kim Hye-eun as Hwan-ki's psychiatrist
Kang Nam-gil as Brain security
Kim Byung-man as Scrubber in Korean Spa (Ep. 2), Choir conductor (Ep. 4) and Orphanage Event MC (Ep. 6)
Park Yeong-gyu as Actor Hwang Young-kyu
Heo Young-ji as Young-kyu's daughter (Ep. 3)
Kim Dae-hui as Young-kyu's manager
Park Sang-myun as Master Jin (Ep. 4)
Choi Dae-chul as Restaurant Owner (Ep. 4)
Lee Byung-joon as Rose Airlines CEO (Ep. 7)
Kim Ji-seok as Yu-hui's husband
Han Suk-joon as Yeon-jung's first love. Also a Kookmin MC
Production
The series reunites writer Joo Hwa-mi and PD Song Hyun-wook of Marriage, Not Dating after 2 years. Song Hyun-wook also directed the 2016 hit drama Another Oh Hae-young.
The production team stated that the series would stop airing for a week, as the team would be doing extensive rewrites to the scripts in order to make improvements to the drama.
Original soundtrack
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Ratings
In this table, the represent the lowest ratings and the represent the highest ratings.
N/A denotes that the rating is not known.
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
External links
TVN (South Korean TV channel) television dramas
South Korean romantic comedy television series
2017 South Korean television series debuts
Television series by Studio Dragon
Television series by KBS Media
2017 South Korean television series endings
South Korean workplace television series |
約瑟夫·格雷厄姆·「喬」·薩格（，），是一位英國YouTuber與Vlogger，簡稱喬·薩格（Joe Sugg），他以其YouTube頻道名稱ThatcherJoe最為人們熟知。
個人生活
薩格有一位名叫柔伊（Zoe）的姐姐，柔伊也是一位知名的YouTuber，在YouTube上的名稱為Zoella。他在威爾特郡出生並長大，並曾在2014年至2016年與於倫敦同居。薩格同時也是一位，其YouTube頻道便以此職業的英文加上其名字作用戶名。
生涯
YouTube
薩格於2011年11月13日時創立其YouTube頻道「ThatcherJoe」，主要為Vlog與惡作劇影片，截止2016年8月23日，「ThatcherJoe」已經有超過727萬名訂閱者與7億9000萬觀看數。他同時也創建了一個類似BBC廣播一台的節目《》的系列《YouTuber Innuendo Bingo》，之後也因此受邀上《斯科特·米爾斯》當嘉賓。其次要頻道為「ThatcherJoeVlog」（333萬訂閱數，4億1200萬觀看數）與「ThatcherJoeGames」（157萬訂閱數，1億3600萬觀看數）。
音樂
薩格是為喜劇救濟籌款的「YouTube Boyband」的成員，並曾經因此登上《衛報》。
薩格同時也是的成員之一，參與演唱為2014年西非伊波拉病毒疫情籌款的《他們知道現在是聖誕節嗎？》2014年版本。
電影
薩格在2015年電影《海綿寶寶：海陸大出擊》英國版中為海鷗凱爾（Kyle）獻聲，他同時亦是為海鷗群配音的配音員之一。另外，薩格與卡斯帕爾也是同年電影《》的主演者。
作品
《Username: Evie》（2015，與共著）
《Username: Regenerated》（2016）
獎項與提名
註釋與參考文獻
註釋
參考文獻
外部連結
英國YouTuber
英国作家
威爾特郡人 |
Fateh (Arabic: فَتْح fat·ḥ) is the Turkish spelling of Arabic name and surname Fatah, meaning "open, begin, start, commence".
Notable people with the name include:
Given name
Fateh Daud, Ismaili Shi'a ruler of Multan
Fateh Naseeb Khan (1890–1933), General-in-chief of Alwar State Forces
Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician, often regarded as one of the greatest voices recorded
Fateh Kamel, Algerian-Canadian, terrorism supporter for plotting attacks against French targets
Fateh Shah, king of Garhwal, a small kingdom in North India, from 1684 to 1716
Fateh Singh, 4th & youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh martyr
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani singer
Surname
Abul Fateh, Bangladeshi diplomat
See also
Fatih (name) |
弗朗索瓦·C·安托万·西蒙 (，；) 是海地军人，1908年至1911年担任第18任海地总统
他出生于海地南部省莱凯，早年担任警察，后来参军，1883年，利西于·萨洛蒙总统任命他为南部军区指挥官，1897年蒂雷济阿·西蒙·桑总统任命他为侍从官，并授予他将军军衔至1902年。1908年他发动军事政变推翻总统皮埃尔·诺尔·阿列克西，自任总统。
为了安抚民心，西蒙允许了流亡的海地人返回。这为他任职初期的稳定奠定了基础。他不断努力提高农业产量。他还曾经计划邀请美国修建贯穿海地南北的铁路。为此，需要与美国公司签订数项合同，包括所谓的“麦克唐纳合同”（MacDonald Contract），该合同是在太子港和海地角之间修建铁路的合同。这些谈判中都包含了海地美国糖业公司的蔗糖和香蕉的种植和出口计划。但是，这些合同的准备不充分，导致海地国内的知识分子和政治家都提出了批评。
在德国人行贿35万美元后，西蒙不再让美国修建铁路，导致工程延期。工人们就在辛辛纳提·勒孔特的领导下推翻了他。
西蒙只好流亡到牙买加，数年后归国，直到1923年在出生地莱凯逝世。现今莱凯的飞机场以他的名字命名。
參考資料
海地总统 |
混合痔手术后多久恢复正常？混合痔多因Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔未及时治疗，反复脱出，复因妊娠分娩，负重远行，以致筋脉横解，气血瘀滞不散，导致本病发生，可以通过1、便血及肛门部肿物，可有肛门坠胀、异物感或疼痛。2、可伴有局部分泌物或瘙痒。3、肛管内齿线上下同一方位出现肿物(齿线下可为赘皮，亦可为静脉曲张这三点来判断是否是混合痔。也要分清混合痔和各种肠道肝门疾病，能够及早的发现并采用相关的方法治疗：直肠癌常导致大便出血，或便血，多为暗红色血液或骸液脓血便，常伴大使次数增多，后期可能出现排便因难甚至梗阻，大便性状也随之改变。直肠指检和内窥镜检查在肠腔内可发现高低不平、质硬之肿物，表面可有溃疡，触之易出血；肛裂常导致大便时肛门出血，以粪便表面或便纸带血为主，色鲜红，排便时肛门有疼痛感，便后因肛门括约肌收缩可导致较长时间的持续肛门疼痛，其疼痛程度甚至超过排便时的肛门疼痛，有的持续数小时甚至整天；肥大的肛乳头和直肠息肉常在使时脱出肛外，肛乳头表明被覆皮肤，较硬，表面色灰白，有痈觉，不易出血；轻度的直肠教胆脱垂，其朋出物有环形皱嫂，色谈红而松弛，这些分清楚有利于及早控制病情。诊断本病还可依据：1、肛门视诊：用双手轻轻将肛门向两侧牵开，除一期内痔外，其他三期内痔大多可在肛门视诊下见到。对有脱垂的患者最好在蹲位排便后立即观察，这样可清楚地看到痔块的大小、数目及部位的真实情况，尤其是对诊断环状痔更有意义。2、内窥镜检查。观察直肠粘膜有没有充血、水肿、溃疡、肿块等情况，排除其他直肠疾患后再观察齿状线上部有无痔疮。若有痔疮，则可见内痔向肛门镜内突出，呈暗红色结节。此时应注意痔疮的数目、大小和部位。痔疮术后一般情况下是要二十天左右的时间才会恢复正常的，建议你在医生的指导下治疗，平时注意个人的卫生习惯，注意凋整好大便，防止便秘，清淡饮食，避免生冷辛辣刺激食物的过度摄入，多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，要多注意休息的 |
急性椎间盘突出的症状？症状：腰椎间盘突出急性期会导致腰部活动受限，可能是某一个方向的动作受到限制，也可能是多个方向的。前屈时髓核向后移位，加重对神经或硬膜的压迫，疼痛加剧。同样的原理，腰椎在左右活动，髓核会随之向左右活动，增加或减轻对神经根的压迫。为缓解疼痛症状，患者一般会保持相应的体位，以减轻对神经根的压迫，表现为脊柱反应性侧弯。原因：遗传因素；腰椎胎生时有椎体及椎弓骨化中心，每侧椎弓有两个骨化中心，其中一个发育为上关节突和椎弓根，另一个发育为下关节突、椎板和棘突的一半。若两者之间发生不愈合，则形成先天性峡部崩裂，又称为峡部不连，局部形成假关节样改变。行走以后由于站立可使上方的脊椎向前滑动，称为脊椎滑脱；也可因骶骨上部或L5椎弓发育异常，而产生脊椎滑脱，其峡部并无崩裂。创伤性；腰椎峡部可因急性外伤，尤其是后伸性外伤产生急性骨折，多见于竞技运动现场或强劳动搬运工。疲劳骨折或慢性劳损。从生物力学角度分析，人体处于站立时，下腰椎负重较大。导致前移的分力作用于骨质相对薄弱的峡部，长期反复作用可导致疲劳性骨折及慢性劳损损伤。治疗：体育治疗：适于早期，骨关节改变不大的，对慢性疼痛效果好。急性疼痛重时应停止或减轻活动量。口服药物治疗：对该病使用药物治疗的原则是初期治宜活血舒筋，病程久者，体质多虚，治宜补养肝肾，宣痹活络。物理治疗：具体分类较多，可根据病情、设备条件等合理选用如电兴奋、红外线、超短波、超声波、离子导入等方法。 |
Vincent Ng Cheng Hye (born 6 December 1975) is a Singaporean actor, martial artist and businessman. He was a full-time Mediacorp actor from 1997 to 2007, and is best known for acting in Chinese-language television series produced by MediaCorp Channel 8.
Early life
Ng has two sisters.
Career
Acting
Ng joined MediaCorp after reaching the finals of Star Search Singapore in 1997. His first foray into English-language television was in the 2002 Channel 5 series Heartlanders in which he played one of the lead characters. As he was one of few artistes with any formal training in martial arts, he was frequently cast in period and wuxia television series or as characters requiring fight scenes. He left the entertainment industry in November 2007 to concentrate on running Wufang.
Martial arts
After obtaining an engineering certificate from the Institute of Technical Education (ITE), Ng competed and won the 1995 World Wushu Championships (USA). He continued to juggle martial arts with acting commitments even after signing with MediaCorp full-time. In 2004, he founded Wufang Singapore, a martial arts school. He choreographed and performed the 2006 National Day Parade martial arts display. He published and released his first exercise and fitness book, TEN.
In 2011, Ng was nominated for the Spirit of Enterprise Award in recognition for his work in wushu training.
As of 2019, he is a member of the International Wushu Federation Technical Committee.
Personal life
Ng married Mei Ling on 14 July 2017, after having been introduced by mutual friends in January 2017. Their son, Zander, was born on 30 August 2018.
Filmography
Television series
Film
Awards and nominations
See also
List of Singapore world champions in sports
References
1975 births
Living people
Singaporean male television actors
Singaporean male martial artists
Wushu practitioners at the 1994 Asian Games
Wushu practitioners at the 1998 Asian Games
20th-century Singaporean male actors
21st-century Singaporean male actors
Singaporean male film actors
21st-century Singaporean businesspeople |
沈丹大动车组列车是中国铁路运行于辽宁省沈阳市、丹东市与大连市之间的动车组列车，自2015年12月17日起开行，现由沈阳铁路局大连客运段负责客运服务业务。列车使用和谐号CRH5型电力动车组及和谐号CJ1型电力动车组，从沈阳站起，运行于哈大客运专线、沈丹客运专线、丹大快速铁路，途经本溪、丹东等站点到达大连北站。沈阳站至大连北站区间全长516公里，最高运营时速为200至250公里。目前每日共开行列车7对，其中沈阳至大连方向使用车次为D7731/7734、D7735/7738、D7739/7742、D7743/7746、D7747/7750、D7751/7754、D7755/7758次，大连至沈阳方向使用车次为D7733/7732、D7737/7736、D7741/7740、D7745/7744、D7749/7748、D7753/7752、D7757/7756次，每日最早开车时间为5时23分，最晚开车时间为18时30分，运行时间为3小时55分钟至4小时52分钟不等。
历史
沈丹大动车组列车随着丹大快速铁路一同于2015年12月17开始运营，初期开行2对列车。2016年5月15日，中国铁路进行了大调图，沈丹大动车组列车增加为7对。
票价
沈阳站至大连北站的动车组列车二等座票价为178.5元，一等座票价为260.5元。
时刻表
资料日期：2016年5月15日
历史时刻
参见
沈丹动车组列车
丹大动车组列车
参考文献
D
中国铁路沈阳局集团有限公司 |
脚部骨质增生的治疗方法？在日常生活中随着人们年龄的增长，导致很多人出现某些病症，严重影响人们的日常生活及身心健康。骨质增生是人体衰老的自然现象。随着年龄的增长，发现有骨质增生后不必过于紧张，只要不引起症状，可以不做任何治疗，只有出现相应的症状后才考虑治疗。脚底骨质增生在生活中和临床上也是一种常见疾病，相信大家对于脚底骨质增生在日常生活中也是非常的熟悉，而患上脚底骨质增生这种疾病带给很多中老年朋友们的身体是有着非常大的严重伤害的，所以中老年朋友们在生活中一定要注意保养自己的身体出现的病情也要及时治疗，那么脚底骨质增生的治疗方法如下：1.膏药治疗膏药是祖国医学的一朵奇葩，由于膏药具有较高的稠度，故而其具备有效成分含量高、析出速度缓慢、作用长期持久、局部疗效切实等一系列优点。足跟骨质增生必须用，方能彻底治疗，此疗法具有安全、无副作用的特点，起到标本兼治的作用。一般骨质增生的速度是缓慢的，而软组织的恢复能力是很快的，使用黑膏药通过补肾滋肝、舒筋活血、软化骨刺、消炎止痛来进一步缩短代偿过程，同时增加滑膜营养，修复受损以及坏死的滑膜细胞，从而恢复滑膜的正常生理功能、消除症状，达到治愈的目的。2.中医针灸治疗针灸可通经活血并有止痛作用。可消除局部的水肿和炎症，但对足跟骨质增生来说，针灸只能起辅助作用。3.外敷中药治疗同时要注意避免长期剧烈运动，因为长期的剧烈运动可使骨骼及周围软组织受力不均、负荷过重，加重疼痛。同时要注意防寒保暖。要注意休息，减少足部的活动量；穿软跟厚底鞋，垫个硅胶足跟鞋垫，同时还可在长骨刺的部位将鞋垫掏一个洞，以防行走时骨刺受压疼痛；不要轻易做封闭治疗，以防滥打封闭而掩盖病症。 |
The Parliament of Barbados is the national legislature of Barbados. It is accorded legislative supremacy by Chapter V of the Constitution of Barbados. The Parliament is bicameral in composition and is formally made up of two houses, an appointed Senate (Upper house) and an elected House of Assembly (Lower house), as well as the President of Barbados who is indirectly elected by both. Both houses sit in separate chambers in the Parliament Buildings (commonly known as "The Public Buildings"), in the national capital Bridgetown in Saint Michael.
The Senate is made up of twenty-one Senators, while the House consists of thirty Members of Parliament (MPs) in addition to the Honourable Speaker of the House. Members to serve in the Cabinet of Barbados may be chosen by the Prime Minister from either the House of Assembly or Senate, (the Prime Minister alone who must be chosen by the President must come from the House of Assembly.)
In theory, supreme legislative power is vested in all three components equally; in practice during modern times, real power is vested in the House of Assembly, as the President generally acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and the powers of the Senate have been limited.
The Parliament of Barbados is originally patterned after the Parliament of England, so the structure, functions, and procedures of the parliament are based on the Westminster system of government.
Sittings of both House and Senate are usually held once per month, with other meetings called as necessary. The House sits on Tuesdays beginning at 10:30am, and are broadcast live on the local radio station, Quality 100.7 FM. Sittings of the Senate take place on Wednesdays.
As of February 2020 the government has been renting various private buildings around Barbados, including the Worthing Corporate Centre and Conference Centre (on 15 Sep 2020 for the State Opening of Parliament) to host Parliament without any firm return date mentioned as to when it might return to using the capital site.
History
Established on 26 June 1639. The Parliament of Barbados is the third oldest legislature in the Americas (behind the Virginia General Assembly and Bermuda House of Assembly), and is among the oldest in the Commonwealth of Nations.
The genesis of a legislature in Barbados was introduced by Governor Henry Hawley, creating a structure of governance to Barbados, itself patterned after the Parliament of England). The then unicameral Parliament originally was tasked with establishing a system of laws and was completely under the domination of the island's planter-class. The first meeting of the Barbados Assembly was held in 1639.
The initial location known as the "Sessions House" which was situated in the Marlhill, which is now known as Spry Street. Built by Captain Henry Hawley, the building may have originally accommodated his Courts of Law. (On 25 June 1989, a monument was unveiled to commemorate the site outside of the current Central Bank.)
By 1653, the Assembly moved to the State House then located in Bridgetown area known as Cheapside (then encompassing Broad Street). In 1668 the State House was destroyed by a great fire started by an explosion of the Bridgetown military magazine. Over the next century, the colony's elected officials assembled at various locations all over Bridgetown, which were rented taverns and homes of local merchants and landlords. The Roebuck Tavern located on Roebuck Street was a favourite assembly point and was also owned by Henry Hawley. The movement of the Assembly among the various taverns in the town eventually presented an irony for the thriving colony. Governor Atkins, who was attending a meeting at Gwynn's Tavern in 1674 commented, "I must confess I am a little astonished to see so honourable an Assembly to meet in a place so considerable as the island is, and have no house to receive us but a public tavern" (TOB 71). For many years the Barbados Assembly continued to meet in various places. In 1724 an Act was passed providing for a building for the Council and Assembly, Law Courts and gaol. The building located on Coleridge Street was completed in 1731–1732, yet the House of Assembly still often met at times at different private houses and taverns. The current Parliament Buildings were built in the neo-Gothic style in the early 1870s on the site of what was known as the "New Burnt District", which was part of a 10-acre area in the town that was destroyed by the great fire in 1860.
In 1968 the Barbados Parliament was presented two complete libraries of Parliamentary and constitutional works of reference from the British House of Commons to celebrate political Independence with membership to the Commonwealth.
The Parliament of Barbados in its current form was first introduced following the 1961 general elections. In 1963 the colonial era Legislative Council was disestablished. In its place came the Senate in 1964 (due to Barbados' status as a colony of Great Britain). As the years went by, governance in Barbados continued to change in structure until both of the present chambers assumed their present numbers.
Legislative functions
Parliament is empowered by Article 35(l) of the Constitution to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of Barbados. The Constitution also empowers Parliament to:
Determine the privileges, immunities, and powers of the Senate and the House of Assembly and the members thereof;
alter or amend any of the provisions of the constitution;
Following amendments to the Constitution that initiated a transition to a republican form of government in 2021, Parliament is also responsible for electing the country's President.
Enactment clause
Members in Parliament
As of the election held on 19 January 2022, the Barbados Labour Party won all 30 seats of the Assembly, with the rival Democratic Labour Party remaining an extra-parliamentary party for the second time in a row.
Election date
The next general election in Barbados is expected to be held by 2027 the latest. According to the Constitution of Barbados elections can take place no longer than every five years from the first sitting of Parliament. The last general election was held on 19 January 2022.
The Constitution of Barbados also establishes that at any time before this date the Government in power may seek a new mandate from the electorate and may ask for the current sitting of Parliament be dissolved by the President and allow for the announcement of a new date for General elections. The President of Barbados may also announce a new date of General elections should the Prime Minister in power not survive a vote of no confidence motion.
International affiliation(s)
ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly
Canada-CARICOM Parliamentary Friendship Group
Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
ParlAmericas
Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA)
Pink Parliament, an initiative seeking to inspire & encourage more women to pursue careers in politics
Official Gazette / Hansard
The Official Gazette of Barbados
See also
Constitution of Barbados
List of parliamentary constituencies of Barbados
List of speakers of the House of Assembly of Barbados
List of presidents of the Legislative Council of Barbados
List of presidents of the Senate of Barbados
List of members of the Senate of Barbados
List of members of the House of Assembly of Barbados
List of legislatures by country
Notes
External links
About
The Parliament of Barbados – official website
History of the Parliament of Barbados – Parliament of Barbados website
Laws of Barbados – Parliament
Parliament of Barbados profile – Secretariat of the Caribbean, Americas and Atlantic Region of the CPA
Press coverage
Other
Barbados Government Information Network – official website
– Government of Barbados
1639 establishments in the British Empire
Politics of Barbados
Political organisations based in Barbados
Barbados
Barbados
Barbados
Barbados |
孕妇甲减饮食的注意事项？患有甲减的孕妇要注意日常饮食方面的调理，尽量给予充足的蛋白质，要保证营养的丰富，并且要限制脂肪或胆固醇类的食物的摄入，尽量少吃以免会引起高脂血症，饮食方面的禁忌比较多，避免进食容易导致甲状腺肿物质的食物。甲减是属于甲状腺疾病当中常见的一种，一旦患上疾病给患者带来的困扰是比较多的，甲减具有一定的遗传性，如果孕妇患有甲减，对自身和宝宝都会造成危害，甲减孕妇怀孕期间要注意饮食方面的调理，这样才能够保证孕期的健康。甲减孕妇避免吃生甲状腺肿物质的食物，甲减患者的饮食原则是不能吃卷心菜，白菜，甘蓝，油菜，木薯，核桃等食物，以免会导致甲状腺肿大，最好限制脂肪和富含胆固醇的食物，以免会导致高脂血症，最好是限制脂肪类的食物摄入，尤其是含有胆固醇类的食物。甲减孕妇要保证充足的蛋白质，这样能够维持人体蛋白质的平衡，氨基酸是组成蛋白质的重要成分，每一天应该有3%的蛋白质的不断更新，甲减对小肠黏膜更新速度会变慢，消化液分泌腺体上的影响，酶活力会下降，所以要及时的补充氨基酸，给予充足的蛋白质，改善自身的病情。补充足够的蛋白质，并且要限制脂肪胆固醇类食物的摄入，甲减患者的饮食原则应该以高热量，容易消化的食物为主，这类食物包括蛋类，乳类，肉类，肉类等等，对甲减孕妇的饮食原则，要保证营养的全面，尽量不吃的食物就不要去吃意面会病情，也会对胎儿不利。孕妇怀孕之前如果被诊断患有甲减，应该在医生的指导下去选择治疗的方法，服用药物一定要定期的去检查甲功，这样能够调整药剂量，尽快的把病治好，安全的度过孕期，对于那些已经患有甲减的高危人群，要了解自身的发病原因，做好怀孕期间的准备工作，防止早产或流产。 |
花锚（学名：）为龙胆科花锚属下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
corniculata |
黃梨餅、或稱黄梨酥，是馬來西亞、新加坡和汶萊華人在過農曆新年時的年餅之一，是早期峇峇娘惹的傳統糕餅之一，其製作方法及使用材料與臺灣的鳳梨酥略有不同。馬來西亞華人一般將鳳-{}-梨稱為“黃-{}-梨”，因黃梨在廣東話、潮州話和泉漳話的諧音“旺來”，有招財和好運之一，因此被演變成農曆新年的重要應節食品之一 。隨著馬來半島各族群文化的互相密切交流，近年來馬來人和印度人在慶祝開齋節及屠妖節時，也開始享用這道糕餅了。
馬來西亞的黃梨餅比起鳳梨酥，外型較小巧，可一口解決，且外型多變，早期是使用酥皮包裹著鳳梨餡，後來延伸出將酥皮捏成各種造型或花邊來包裹餡料，其外型與鳳梨酥最大的不同是餡料都會外露。黃梨餡是使用切碎的鳳梨伴以砂糖一起熬煮，有些人也會添加肉桂、丁香或八角來提升香味。直到黃梨醬開始變濃稠及不粘手之後，才開始包裹餅皮。黃梨餅的餅皮一般多使用麵粉、牛油和蛋黃製成，多使用擠花筒將餅皮擠出不同的形狀，將黃梨餡放上，再捲起或包裹，之後送入烤爐內烘烤。
因製作黃梨餅的成本高昂且繁瑣，在馬來西亞一般的華人社區中，平時是難以找到黃梨餅的踪跡，僅有在接近農曆新年時，家庭式的工廠或各家庭主婦為幫補家用才會開始製作黃梨餅。但隨著觀光業的日益發達，在馬六甲和檳城老街開始出現大量生產的黃梨餅販售給遊客，作為當地的特產。
相關條目
鳳梨酥
參考資料
糕點
馬來西亞食品
新加坡食品
汶萊食品
馬來西亞華人食品
東南亞食品
娘惹食品 |
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