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Lira Regional Referral Hospital, commonly known as Lira Hospital, is a hospital in Lira in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the referral hospital for the districts of Amolatar, Apac, Dokolo, Lira, Kole, and Oyam.
Location
Lira Hospital is located along Police Road, in the central business district of the city of Lira, approximately , southeast of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, in Gulu City. This is approximately by road, northwest of Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, in the city of Soroti.
Lira Regional Referral Hospital is located approximately , by road, north of Mulago National Referral Hospital, in the city of Kampala, Uganda's capital. The coordinates of Lira Hospital are: 02°15'06.0"N, 32°54'07.0"E (Latitude:2.251667; Longitude:32.901944)
Overview
Lira Hospital is a public hospital, funded by the Uganda Ministry of Health, and general care in the hospital is free. It is one of the regional referral hospitals in Uganda. The hospital is designated as one of the internship hospitals in Uganda, where graduates of Ugandan medical schools can serve one year of internship under the supervision of qualified specialists and consultants. The bed capacity of the hospital in 2012 was 254. Staff shortage is a concern. In 2012, of the 39 required doctors, the hospital had only 9 doctors.
In September 2017, the hospital commissioned an 8-apartment building to house some of the critically essential staff, so that they can quickly respond to emergencies. Prior to then, all staff lived off-campus, away from the hospital. Construction of the three-story building started in January 2015 and lasted 2 years and eight months, at a cost of USh1.5 billion (approx. US$430,000), fully funded by the Government of Uganda.
See also
Hospitals in Uganda
List of universities in Uganda
Juliet Sekabunga Nalwanga
References
External links
Lira District Internet Portal
Committee Observes Shortfalls In Health Care Delivery
Hospitals in Uganda
Hospitals established in 1920
1920 establishments in Uganda
Lira District
Lango sub-region
Northern Region, Uganda |
滴虫性阴炎多久可以治愈？滴虫性阴道炎疾病的发生，会引起患者的身体出现瘙痒的症状，使身体与生活均受到了很大的影响，对正常的夫妻生活也造成了一定的影响，所以说对于滴虫性阴道炎要做到早发现早治疗，同时还要做好生活中的护理，那么滴虫性阴道炎多久能治好呢，我们一起来看看吧。大家对于阴道炎疾病并不会感到陌生，但是阴道炎分为了很多种类型，对于不同的类型一定要做出不同的治疗，只有针对性的治疗才能使各种阴道炎得到彻底的治愈，其中有些患者属于滴虫性阴道炎，在外阴部位会有瘙痒的不适症状。滴虫性阴道炎治疗多久能好是需要因人而异的，这是一种很常见的妇科炎症，是由阴道毛滴虫感染导致的，滴虫不只是可以在阴道部位很好的寄生，在尿道、膀胱、尿道旁腺以及肾盂等部位也是可以很好的生存的，滴虫性阴道炎疾病的治疗时间，与患者的身体状况有着密切的关系，并且与病情的严重程度也有很大的关系，另外与治疗的方法并且有没有做好日常的护理等都是分不开的，因此我们说滴虫性阴道炎的治疗时间不能一概而论。滴虫性阴道炎的发生主要是毛滴虫引起的，是在我们身体里面生长繁殖的毛滴虫，跟我们的肌肤有很大的关系，并且滴虫性阴道炎在治疗的时候，要做到夫妻同治，不然是很容易引起反复发作的，滴虫性阴道炎具有传染性，并且是可以通过性生活而传播的，所以说做到夫妻同治，才能使滴虫性阴道炎得到彻底的根治，不然女性患者在治愈之后，与配偶发生关系后，会再次让配偶传染给自己，引起了滴虫性阴道炎的复发。滴虫性阴道炎多久能治好呢，我们都希望自己的身体健健康康的，不管是大病还是小病都不想在自己身上发生，关于滴虫性阴道炎疾病的治疗方法与时间都是大家都很关心的问题，不过每个人的情况会有很大的不同，所以说治疗的时间也会有很长短之分。 |
金恒鑣（），台灣森林學家、作家、翻譯家，學術專長為森林土壤學和森林生態學。在國立台灣大學森林學系取得學士學位，在加拿大卡里頓大學取得地球科學碩士和博士學位。
1980年從加拿大回到台灣，在臺灣省林業試驗所（現屬行政院農業委員會）做研究人員，一開始為副研究員，后升任研究員，曾兼技正、分所長、系主任等行政職，2003年接任行政院農業委員會林業試驗所所長，2007年滿65歲屆齡退休。
著有《讓地球活下去》等書，從英文譯出生態學、森林土壤學專書多部。爸爸金溟若和哥哥金恒杰、弟弟金恒煒都是作家。
參考文獻
臺灣森林學家
台灣作家
台灣翻譯家
國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院校友
浙江裔台灣人
金姓
中華民國農業部相關人物 |
怀孕初期有点出血是怎么回事啊？怀孕初期出血，是一种孕期症状。成因多种多样：胎儿染色体异常、母体激素分泌失调、子宫先天发育异常或后天缺陷、免疫系统问题、病毒感染、孕妇患有慢性疾病(如心脏病、肾脏病及血液疾病)、过度操劳、压力过大、性生活太剧烈、外力撞击、环境污染、用药不当、吸烟、喝酒、摄取过量咖啡因或者会其他促进子宫收缩的食物等。病因，在胎盘完全形成之前，胚胎着床并不稳定，因此很多因素都可造成流产。当流产发生时，胚胎与子宫壁会发生不同程度的分离，分离面的血管一旦破裂，就会造成阴道出血症状。根据一项医学研究统计，超过百分之五十的孕妇可以安然度过怀孕初期出血这一关，成功地继续妊娠；约百分十三十的孕妇可能会发生流产；另外有近百分之十的孕妇可能是宫外孕或其他问题。有些孕妇担心，早期怀孕时有不正常阴道出血，保胎成功后宝宝会不健康。许多研究显示，有一半以上的流产是胚胎本身异常所导致，这是一种自然淘汰，如果能够继续妊娠，胎儿一般都是正常的。孕早期出现阴道出血后，如果能继续怀孕成功而生产的，胎儿有先天性异常的比例并没有因此而有增加的现象。子宫脱垂为子宫沿阴道向下移位，根据脱垂的程度可分为3度：一Ⅰ度，指宫颈外口水平低于坐骨棘水平，未达到处女膜缘，宫颈及宫体仍位于阴道内。该程度子宫脱垂无须治疗，注意休息即可恢复。二Ⅱ度，指子宫颈已脱出阴道口之外，而子宫体或部分子宫体仍在阴道内。但因包括范围过大，轻者仅宫颈脱出阴道口外，重者可因宫颈延长，以致延长的宫颈及阴道壁全部脱出阴道口外。怀孕初期有点出血，这属于妊娠假月经，大多数情况下都是正常的，并且在胎盘形成之后这种症状就会消失。 |
There are at least nine members of the buckthorn and grape order, Rhamnales, found in Montana. Some of these species are exotics (not native to Montana) and some species have been designated as Species of Concern.
Buckthorns
Family: Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus herbaceus, New Jersey tea
Ceanothus sanguineus, redstem ceanothus
Ceanothus velutinus, snowbrush ceanothus
Frangula purshiana, Cascara false buckthorn
Rhamnus alnifolia, alderleaf buckthorn
Rhamnus cathartica, common buckthorn
Grapes
Family: Vitaceae
Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper
Parthenocissus vitacea, woodbine
Vitis riparia, riverbank grape
Further reading
See also
List of dicotyledons of Montana
Notes
Montana
Montana |
Będziszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubeninki, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.
It lies approximately north-east of Dubeninki, east of Gołdap, and north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
References
Villages in Gołdap County |
An iron railing is a fence made of iron. This may either be wrought iron, which is ductile and durable and may be hammered into elaborate shapes when hot, or the cheaper cast iron, which is of low ductility and quite brittle. Cast iron can also produce complicated shapes, but these are created through the use of moulds of compressed sand rather than hammering, which would be likely to damage the iron.
History
One of the earliest uses of cast iron railings in England was in 1710–14 at St Paul's Cathedral, despite the objections of Christopher Wren, who did not want a fence around the Cathedral at all, and said that if there had to be one it should be of wrought rather than cast iron. The set was made at Gloucester Furnace, Lamberhurst, in the Weald of Kent and surrounded the cathedral, including seven gates. It weighed two hundred tons and cost six pence a pound. The total cost was £11,202 which was a fortune then. No further railings are known to have been cast in the Weald. Other early uses of cast iron railings were at Cambridge Senate House and at St Martin-in-the-Fields, London.
Wrought iron may be used to construct ornate railings. The Davies brothers of Wrexham made such railings in the 18th century and these are much admired — Nikolaus Pevsner described their work as "miraculous". They made fine wrought iron railings for Stansty Park and these may now be seen at Erddig Hall.
During World War II, many sets of iron railings in Britain were removed. Railings were usually cut off at the base; the stubs may still be seen outside many buildings in London and elsewhere where they have never been replaced. This was supposedly to provide scrap metal for munitions, but there is some scepticism as to whether they were actually used for this purpose.
In 2012 artist Catalina Pollak created an interactive sound installation called Phantom Railings in Malet Street Gardens, London, the site of railings that were removed during World War II. Acoustic sensors pick up the movement of pedestrians walking by and translate it into "the familiar sound produced by running a stick along an iron fence".
Cheshire
In the county of Cheshire, hedging at road junctions and corners which could restrict visibility of approaching vehicles was replaced by black-and-white railings with a distinctive curved top. They are now characteristic of the area and are being restored where they have become dilapidated.
United States
Stewart Iron Works in Covington, Kentucky was once the largest wrought iron fence manufacturer in the world. The factory supplied the decorative fences for the Panama Canal, the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., the Taft Museum, as well as the entrance gates to the White House, the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, and the U.S. House of Representatives and others.
Gallery
See also
Ironwork
References
Fences
Garden features
Perimeter security |
请描述葛蔓的用法与用量？内服：煎汤，2～3钱(鲜者1～2两)；或烧存性研末。外用：烧存性研末调敷。 |
"Come Next Monday" is a song co-written by American country music singer K. T. Oslin. It was originally recorded by Judy Rodman on her 1986 album Judy.
Oslin's recording was released in September 1990 as the second single from her album Love in a Small Town. The single went to number one for two weeks and spent a total of 20 weeks on the country singles chart. It would turn out to be her final single to reach number one on that chart. Oslin wrote the song with Charlie Black and Rory Bourke.
Critical reception
Lisa Smith and Cyndi Hoelzle of Gavin Report reviewed the single favorably, stating that it was "another intelligent, feeling song from a wise woman's point of view. Of course, both men and women should relate to the self-promises in this song."
Chart performance
Year-end charts
References
1990 singles
K. T. Oslin songs
Songs written by Rory Bourke
RCA Records Nashville singles
Songs written by K. T. Oslin
Judy Rodman songs
Songs written by Charlie Black
1986 songs |
The Urban Transformation Centre (UTC) (Malay: Pusat Transformasi Bandar) is a public amenities centre located at some state capitals and urban areas in Malaysia. The rural counterpart of UTC is Rural Transformation Center(RTC). UTC can be found in the tallest building by state in Malaysia, such as City Plaza Tower in Kedah, KOMTAR Tower in Penang.
Overview
UTC is one of the efforts and initiatives of the Malaysian government to provide urban communities a centralised location for core government agencies, public amenities and services of private sectors. It is part of the National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS) which was introduced to improve the quality of services through strategic partnerships between government agencies and the private sector.
National Strategy Unit (NSU) under Ministry of Finance Malaysia (MOF) is tasked to establish and monitor all the UTCs in Malaysia.
UTC comprises ten clusters of facilities and services, namely: common governmental services; health services; security services; education, training and employment services; financial services; business and entrepreneurial development services; utility services; youth development services; welfare and community development services; and non-governmental organization (NGO) services.
Government Agencies
Core government agencies mostly available in all UTCs:
Public Amenities
Public amenities may vary from one UTC to the other depending on the location and size of the centre:-
List of Existing UTCs
There are 12 UTCs in Malaysia in Alor Setar, Ipoh, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, Kuching, Melaka, Bandar Baru Sentul, Keramat, Miri and Sibu. In 2015, the UTCs collectively served 11.5 million people. The government aims to set up a UTC in each state.
UTC Johor
The UTC Johor is located at Galleria@Kotaraya, Jalan Trus, Johor Bahru, Johor. It opened to public on 3 July 2014.
Government Agencies
Specific federal and state government agencies that are available at UTC Johor:-
Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ) = renew road tax / license.
Johor Bahru City Council (MBJB)
Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council (MPJBT)
Tabung Haji
Johor Education Foundation (YPJ)
Johor Religious Council (MAIJ)
Johor Religious Department (JAIJ)
Land and Mineral Office
State Government Secretary's Office
Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ)
UTC Kedah
The UTC Kedah is located at Kompleks UTC Kedah, Alor Star, Kedah. It was officiated by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 16 August 2013.
The building, formerly known as Kompleks Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS). The centre covers the area of 23,226 sq metres, making it the biggest UTC in the country.
UTC Kuala Lumpur
The UTC Kuala Lumpur is located at Pudu Sentral, Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock, 50550 Kuala Lumpur. It is the second UTC after Melaka, and was officiated by the former Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 22 September 2012.
Government Agencies
Specific federal and state government agencies that are available at UTC Kuala Lumpur:-
UTC Melaka
The UTC Melaka is located at Jalan Hang Tuah, 75300 Melaka. It is the first UTC in Malaysia, and was officiated by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 23 June 2012.
Government Agencies
Specific federal and state government agencies that are available at UTC Melaka:-
UTC Perak
The UTC Perak is located at Pasar Besar Ipoh, Ipoh, Perak. It is the third UTC after Melaka and Kuala Lumpur, and was officiated by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 15 February 2013.
UTC Pahang
The UTC Pahang is located at Bangunan UTC Pahang, Jalan Stadium, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang. It was officiated by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 11 April 2013.
The building was formerly a bus and taxi terminal known as Terminal Makmur. The bus and taxi terminal was moved to Terminal Kuantan Sentral.
Government Agencies
Specific federal and state government agencies that are available at UTC Pahang:-
Non-Governmental Organisations
Specific NGOs that are available at UTC Pahang:-
UTC Sabah
Kota Kinabalu
UTC Sabah is located at UTC Kota Kinabalu, Lorong Belia, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The sixth UTC was soft launched by the Second Finance Minister, Dato' Seri Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah on 23 January 2014, and was officially launched by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 15 November 2014.
Tawau
Tawau UTC was opened on 15 August 2016 at the Tanjong Market. The UTC operates at levels 2 and 6 of the market.
Keningau
The third UTC in Sabah and 17th in Malaysia was opened in Keningau on 17 November 2016. The UTC was built at a cost of RM 29 million. The UTC will serve the districts of Keningau and neighbouring districts like Tambunan, Nabawan, Tenom and Sipitang.
UTC Sarawak
Kuching
UTC Sarawak is located at Aras 2, UTC Sarawak, Jalan Bukit Mata, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak. It was opened to public on 1 October 2014 and was officiated by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak on 26 February 2015.
The establishment of UTC Sarawak was announced by the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Finance, Tan Sri Dr Mohd Irwan Serigar Abdullah on 18 July 2013.
Miri
UTC Miri is the second UTC in Sarawak, and is located at Miri City Council multi-storey carpark. The UTC was opened to public on 16 March 2016. Agencies operating at the UTC are Miri City Council, Sarawak Energy Bhd, Laku Management, Police, Inland Revenue Board, Treasury Department, Sports and Youth Department, National Registration Department, Welfare Department, Miri Resident office, Miri District Office and Immigration Department.
Sibu
In October 2015, it is announced that Level 8-10 of Sibu Central Market will be converted into a one-stop UTC that serves Sibu and the surrounding areas. The UTC started its operation on 14 March 2016 and houses the offices of Immigration Department, National Registration Department, Sibu Water Board, Sarawak Energy Corporation (Sesco), State Treasury Department, Resident's Office, District Office, Road Transport Department, 1Malaysia Clinic, Police Department and several other Federal offices. The MYR 32.3 million UTC was officially opened by the Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi on 22 April 2016.
Mini UTC
Although the Government's initial objective was to establish a UTC in all state capital and also Mini-UTC in densely populated areas like Sentul and Keramat in Kuala Lumpur, the exploding demand for UTC including that of Mini-UTCs made the Government to upgrade Mini-UTCs to be named as a UTC by itself. All the UTCs established in state capital will be known by the state's name, e.g.: UTC Kedah in Alor Setar, while UTC established in city's will be known by the city/town name, e.g.: UTC Sungai Petani.
This is inline with Government's aspiration to bring the services closer to people. By having UTC it is a recognition for the city/town as an urban area.
UTC Sentul (Formerly known as Mini UTC Sentul)
The Mini UTC Sentul is located at Kompleks Perniagaan dan Komuniti, Bandar Baru Sentul, Kuala Lumpur. It is the first mini UTC built in the country, with the cost of RM 7.7 million. The centre was officiated by Federal Territories Minister Datuk Seri Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor on 16 March 2013.
UTC Keramat (Formerly known as Mini UTC Keramat)
The establishment of Mini UTC Keramat at the Keramat Mall was announced by Federal Territories Minister Datuk Seri Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor on 8 June 2013, in order to generate more traffic to the mall. It was further confirmed by Titiwangsa Member of Parliament Datuk Johari Abdul Ghani on 1 June 2014 that the centre is expected to be operational by the end of 2014.
List of Proposed / In Progress UTCs
Seven UTCs are to be developed in 2015 in Negeri Sembilan, Perlis, Kelantan and Terengganu; three of these centres are mini UTC in Kedah, Sabah and Sarawak costing approximately RM 200 million.
References
External links
UTC website
1Malaysia
Government buildings in Malaysia
Transport in Malaysia |
1958年利圖亞灣地震（有時譯為利陶亞灣地震）是一場發生在1958年 、震央位於美國阿拉斯加利圖亞灣、規模達矩震級8.3级的大地震。引發該地震的同時造成山崩，造成超過3000萬立方公尺（重約9億公噸）的岩石和冰塊落入利圖亞灣。由於利圖亞灣為較封閉海域，海水嚴重移位而難以流散，造成溯上高度達524公尺的海嘯，是人類有史以來溯上高度最高的大海嘯。此次地震及海嘯顛覆了海洋學學家既往的認知，並改寫了地震學和地形學的許多理論。
根據2010年對本次地震的重新研究，科學家在檢視利圖亞灣周遭地形、海嘯的能量及高度後，認為造成此次落石如此巨量的主要原因是出現了「雙重地滑」（）現象：地震造成的初期地滑啟動了鄰近的，造成冰河崩潰，引發相當於原滑移量5到10倍的冰河沉積物跟著傾洩倒入灣區。
雖然利圖亞灣此前已有多次大海嘯的紀錄，不過1958年的此次才是第一回有完善紀錄資料的事件。
利圖亞灣
發生海嘯與地震的利圖亞灣是阿拉斯加州南方阿拉斯加湾東北部的一個峽灣。利圖亞灣全灣呈T字形，頭尾長11.3公里，最遠的尾處寬约3.2公里。此灣是一個由冰河侵蝕而來的潮汐汊道，全灣最深處水深可達220米，但近出口處最深卻只有10公尺。之所以在尾處會分出兩個構成T字形「手臂」的兩個小灣來自於的平移作用。在過去的150年中，利圖亞灣還有另外3個確信浪高超過50米的海嘯，分別為：1854年（120米），1899年（61米）以及1936年（150米），但都沒有比1958年那次海嘯來得高。
地震
本次地震的主震來自於的平移作用，地震矩規模8.3、芮氏規模7.8，最高震度在麥加利地震烈度表上達到XI度。1958年利圖亞灣地震的震央位於北緯58.6°，西經137.1°，鄰近，距離的地表出露約12公里，在利圖亞灣東南部21公里。本次地震是此地區50年來最強的地震：上一次的亞卡塔格角地震（芮氏規模8.2级）發生在1899年。地震的震波傳遍了阿拉斯加東南部，有感地震最遠到了華盛頓洲的西雅圖和加拿大育空地區的白馬市。
海嘯
地震發生後，大量岩體和冰塊落入利圖亞灣T字形左上角的吉爾伯特峽灣（），形成大海嘯。此次海嘯造成了2人死亡，两名受害者當時在海灣中。利圖亞灣周圍人口稀疏，160公里外的阿拉斯加州亞庫塔特當時是震央附近人口較多的小鎮。該地的橋梁、船舶和油管等設施皆遭受破壞，一座水塔和一棟木屋崩塌。100公里處的佩利肯和200公里外的錫特卡出現輕微損傷。連接安克拉治與美國本土的的海底纜線也在地震後短路。
利圖亞灣發生大海嘯的歷史
目前學界認為，在過去的150年中，利圖亞灣曾發生過5次大海嘯事件。
第一起大海嘯發生的證據來自於發現本海灣的法國探險家（他在月球上有一座以自己命名的環形山）1786年的日誌。記錄中提及海灣沿岸的所有樹木、植被的喪失以及森林界線的切斷。
根據後期照片記錄整理，在1854年和1916年「發生過至少一次，並有很大機會是兩次的大海嘯」。
在1936年又曾發生過一次高達150公尺的大海嘯。那一次大海嘯摧毀了此前所有大海嘯遺留的證據。
最後一次是1958年的本次大海嘯。
註解
參考資料
論文
參考文獻清單
延伸閱讀
網站
Gary Griggs, Our Ocean Backyard: Tsunami rocked Alaska's Lituya Bay in 1958, Santa Cruz Sentinel, April 9, 2011
Dave Kiffer, Surviving the Biggest Wave Ever 50 Years Ago, 1,700 Foot Wave Devastated Lituya Bay, SitNews, July 8, 2008.
Howard Ulrich, What It Feels Like...to Survive a Tsunami, Esquire, August 1, 2004.
Sonny and Howard Ulrich Video retelling of their surviving the event & simulated megatsunami
紀錄片
Horizon, BBC, first broadcast 12 October 2000. (Mega-tsunami: Wave of Destruction)
1958年地震
阿拉斯加州地震
美國海嘯
美国山崩
1958年阿拉斯加州
1958年7月 |
電網儲能（），又稱為大規模儲能，為輸電網路中的一種储能技术。電力於供應充足且便宜時儲存，例如風能、潮汐能、太陽能發電等可再生能源發電，然後於電力需要上升時釋出使用。雖然電力於儲存與釋出之間會有所損耗，但相對建設更高容量的發電廠以應對而言或會較為便宜。，大型電網儲能通常為堤壩蓄水作水力發電或抽水蓄能电站。
電池技術不斷進步，使電池作電網儲能或於商業上可行，這種系統亦可用以防止發電廠突發故障而供電不足的情況。而除電網儲能之外，亦可利用尖峰負載發電廠或需求反應作替代。
電網儲能
電力工程 |
感冒引发头痛的原因？在正常状况下，下丘脑存在着管理产热和散热的中枢，能分别感受来自外界环境和体内温度变化的信息，经过自动调理皮肤血管的舒张和收缩、汗腺的分泌或骨骼肌的运动方式，来坚持体温，使之恒定于37℃的最适值勤上，以保证体内各种代谢得以顺利进行。发热常是这一对中枢功用失调的结果，但凡感染、中毒、脱水、过敏、内分泌失调或其它理化要素都可惹起机体发热。普通来说，对症处置三到五天之后都可以获得很好的治疗效果，多喝水，充沛的休息，保证足够的睡眠就可以获得明显的效果。必要的时分还需求止痛治疗，能够恰当的吃一些解热镇痛的药物，针对头痛猛烈的还需求扫除能否有病毒性脑炎或者是病毒性脑膜炎，必要的时分需求进行腰椎穿刺的检查，明白详细的状态，依据详细病因进行处置和治疗。另外致病要素自身也能直接惹起头痛，如上呼吸道感染累及副鼻窦招致鼻源性头痛；病原体毒素直接作用于血管可形成小血管扩张麻木，通透性增加,感染进犯脑膜能够惹起炎症反响和颅压增高性头痛。能够说，发热和头痛不过是被感染的机体对致病要素的不同反响。感冒惹起的头痛就需求进行针对性的处置和治疗，感冒是自限性的疾病。发热机遇体原有的各种均衡条件被打乱，新陈代谢过程加速，产热增加，同时体内贮存的糖元、脂肪、蛋白质等合成耗费增大，产生许多有害代谢产物如乳酸、二氧化碳、腺苷、钾离子等，发热时交感神经处于兴奋状态，还能产生大量儿茶酚胺，这些物质都有致痛和扩张血管的作用，血管扩张而牵拉血管的痛觉末梢神经，从而引发头痛。 |
乳酸蓄积过多的原因是什么？紧张性疲劳的产生，主要是遇到紧急情况时，人体内受生理条件反应，会产生大量的乳酸，甚至形成蓄积。如果运动过于剧烈或持久，或者身体分解乳酸所必需的维生素和矿物质不足，那么体内的乳酸来不及被处理，造成乳酸的堆积。乳酸过多将使呈弱碱性的体液呈酸性，影响细胞顺利吸收营养和氧气，削弱细胞的正常功能。堆积乳酸的肌肉会发生收缩，从而挤压血管，使得血流不畅，结果造成肌肉酸痛、发冷、头痛、头重感等。乳酸堆积在初期造成酸痛和倦怠，若长期置之不理，造成体质酸化，可能引起严重的疾病。长时间低血压、心排血量减少引起的组织低灌注会造成组织缺氧，无氧代谢增强，产生乳酸堆积。内脏和下腔静脉系统的淤血也导致该部分组织缺氧，乳酸产生增加。胃肠道缺氧时也有大量乳酸蓄积，下腔静脉开放后随血流回到体循环加重乳酸血症。此外供肝在保存期间低温和乏氧时可能也有乳酸的产生和蓄积。肝脏和肾脏是乳酸清除的主要场所，心肌是另一主要消除乳酸的器官。无肝期由于乳酸代谢缺乏，同时肾脏的也因血流灌注不足对乳酸的代谢能力下降，势必造成乳酸堆积。 |
Malotina (also North Malo Killi Killi, Ile Malo Killi Killi du Nord, Île Malotina) is a small uninhabited island in Sanma Province of Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean.
Geography
Malotina lies off the eastern coast of Malo Island.
References
Islands of Vanuatu
Sanma Province
Uninhabited islands of Vanuatu |
石灰岩化学成分？石灰岩主要成分是碳酸钙，常见夹杂物为硅酸、铁、铝、镁等。石灰岩加高热，则发生二氧化碳而遗留氧化钙，即生石灰(石灰)。生石灰遇水，则成消石灰，成分是氢氧化钙。生石灰或消石灰露于大气中，不断吸收大气中的二氧化碳而成碳酸钙；因此，石灰陈久，成分都成为碳酸钙。【性味】辛，温，有毒。《本经》："味辛，温。"《蜀本草》："有毒。"《日华子本草》："味甘，无毒。"【归经】《本草求真》："入肝、脾。"《本草撮要》："入手足太阴、厥阴经。" |
怎么知道宝宝智力低下？我们都知道孩子的发育过程都是各不相同的，有一些孩子发育会迟缓一些，但是也有不少家长担心这样的现象究竟是迟缓还是孩子智力低下的表现？等下去的话会不会拖延了治疗？今天我就来教大家如何判断孩子是不是智力低下。1、如何知道宝宝是不是智力低下，你可以根据不同的阶段去观察和测试孩子，如果孩子只有两三个月，你应该观察孩子是不是会笑，眼神是不是很有神采，聪明的孩子总是跟踪你，智力低下的孩子目光是呆滞的。2、孩子如果到了五个月，对你的喊叫，没有任何反应你需要带孩子去医院检查了，因为孩子正常发育的话，孩子五个月会和你做一些眼神互动了，你笑，她（他）也会跟着笑，而且嘴里开始说些什么了。3、还有就是从动作上观察孩子的发育，五六个月的孩子基本上会坐了，手上可以拿一些玩具了，吃东西的时候，可以辨别味道了，对身边的人，也可以辨别谁是爸爸，谁是妈妈，谁是爷爷和奶奶了。4、有一些宝宝在出生之后发育比较缓慢，但是后期可以追上这就是比较正常的了。大脑瘫痪和智力低下都是比较常见的婴儿疾病，特别是手和脚跟母上运动，有的时候可能觉得是智力的缺陷或者是听觉和视力有障碍，相对来说反应会比较慢一些。5、有一些宝宝天生有孤独症，父母抱孩子的时候会没有兴趣，对于外界的噪音也是无动于衷，除非慢慢的叫醒他语言表达方面有障碍，在人群中躲避他人对任何人都没有兴趣，回避别人看他的眼神，而面部没有表情，对别人也没有同情心。但家长不要太紧张了，有些孩子只是发育迟缓一些，通过一些训练，和一些营养补充，孩子会慢慢赶上来的。但如果智力低下的症状出现，会导致孩子在学龄前和学龄期上学跟不上学习进度，学业成绩差，不会与人交往，社会适应困难。希望家长能够早日解决这些问题。 |
OpenCV的全称是Open Source Computer Vision Library，是一个跨平台的计算机视觉库。OpenCV是由英特尔公司发起并参与开发，以BSD许可证授权发行，可以在商业和研究领域中免费使用。OpenCV可用于开发实时的图像处理、计算机视觉以及模式识别程序。该程序库也可以使用英特尔公司的IPP进行加速处理。
历史
OpenCV项目最早由英特尔公司于1999年启动，致力于CPU密集型的任务，是一个包括如光线追踪和3D显示的计划的一部分。早期OpenCV的主要目标是
为推进机器视觉的研究，提供一套开源且优化的基础库。不重造轮子。
提供一个共同的基础库，使得开发人员的代码更容易阅读和转让，促进了知识的传播。
透過提供不需要开源或免费的软件许可，促进商业应用软件的开发。
OpenCV现在也集成了对CUDA的支援.
OpenCV的第一个预览版本于2000年在IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition公开，並且陸續提供了五個測試版本。1.0版本於2006年發布。
OpenCV的第二个主要版本是2009年10月的OpenCV 2.0。该版本的主要更新包括C++接口，更容易、更类型安全的模式，新的函式，以及对现有实现的优化（特别是多核心方面）。现在每6个月就会有一个官方版本，并由一个商业公司赞助的独立小组进行开发。
在2012年8月，OpenCV的營運由一个非營利組織（OpenCV.org）来提供，并保留了一個开发者网站和用户网站。
应用领域
OpenCV可用于解决如下领域的问题：
增强现实
人脸识别
手势识别
人机交互
动作识别
运动跟踪
物体识别
图像分割
机器人
编程语言
OpenCV用C++语言编写，它的主要接口也是C++语言，但是依然保留了大量的C语言接口。该库也有大量的Python, Java and MATLAB/OCTAVE (版本2.5)的接口。这些语言的API接口函数可以透過在线文档取得。现在也提供对于C#, Ch, Ruby的支持。
所有新的开发和算法都是用C++接口。一个使用CUDA的GPU接口也于2010年9月开始实现.
操作系统支持
OpenCV可以在Windows, Android, Maemo, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, iOS, Linux和Mac OS等平台上运行。使用者可以在Github获得官方版本，或者从Git获得开发版本。OpenCV也是用CMake.
Windows -{zh:操作系统要求;zh-hans:操作系统要求;zh-hant:作業系統需求;zh-tw:作業系統需求;zh-hk:作業系統需求;zh-mo:作業系統需求;}-
在Windows上编译OpenCV中与摄像输入有关部分时，需要DirectShow SDK中的一些基类。该SDK可以从预先编译的Microsoft Platform SDK (or DirectX SDK 8.0 to 9.0c / DirectX Media SDK prior to 6.0)的子目录Samples\Multimedia\DirectShow\BaseClasses获得。
参考文献
外部链接
OpenCV中文网站 和 中文wiki
C標準函式庫 |
脑充血前有什么症状？脑充血在医学上称为脑溢血。脑溢血是中老年人的多发病，它是因血压突然升高，致使脑内微血管破裂而引起的出血。在出血灶的部位，血液能直接压迫脑组织，使其周围发生脑水肿，重则继发脑移位、脑疝等。如果延误送治可能造成全身麻痹、半身不遂、持续昏睡和痴呆症甚至死亡。脑充血的前兆：1、突然感到头晕，周围景物出现旋转，站立不稳甚至晕倒在地。这些表现可以短暂地出现一次，也可以反复出现或逐渐加重。2、流鼻血：一些人在脑溢血发病前经常出现反复性的流鼻血。3、舌根发硬、嘴角流口水，突然感觉舌头根部僵硬，舌头膨大，说话说不清楚，或者突然出现一侧嘴角流口水、不能说话或说话含糊不清的情况。4、突然感到一侧身体麻木、无力、活动不便，手持物掉落，嘴歪、流涎，走路不稳。5、喝水吃饭的时候经常呛咳，这个中招的人很多哦。6、嗜睡，一些人在脑溢血发病前会出现过度嗜睡症状，且通过睡眠也无法消除疲惫感。7、眼底出血，,眼部明显充血，看东西时模糊不清。这也是脑充血的一种表现。8、脑充血发病前，患者会出现看东西模糊不清，视力极速下降，眼前一黑的症状，这些异常的视力情况，都有可能是脑部血管堵塞压迫视觉神经的表现，一旦出现这些症状，抓紧时间上医院检查一下比较放心。高血压是造成脑溢血的主要诱因。所以若是体检查出高血压的患者，一定要积极控制血压，保持愉悦平缓的情绪，不要过于激动，避免血压起伏太大。抽烟喝酒、熬夜等等不良的生活习惯，都在悄悄地伤害着我们的心血管，所以在日常生活中一定要注意养成良好的生活习惯，戒烟戒酒，早睡早起，坚持运动。 |
新城勁爆頒獎禮2001的主題為「號召勁爆音樂 新城唱好樂壇」，於2001年12月30日星期日頒發。
以下為得獎名單：
新城勁爆歌曲
犯賤（陳小春）
Shall We Talk（陳奕迅）
Para Para Sakura（郭富城）
野孩子（楊千嬅）
意猶未盡（蘇永康，李彩樺）
雙手插袋（陳冠希）
美人駕到（彭羚）
色盲（王菲）
彩色世界（車婉婉）
痛愛（容祖兒）
風鈴（盧巧音）
愛是...（鄭秀文，LMF）
有病呻吟（張學友）
爛泥（許志安）
最愛演唱會（陳慧琳）
愈愛愈好（郭富城）
終身美麗（鄭秀文）
夏日Fiesta（劉德華）
飛花（李克勤）
他喜歡的是你（梁詠琪）
玉蝴蝶（謝霆鋒）
新城勁爆年度歌曲大獎
Shall We Talk（陳奕迅）
新城勁爆男歌手
郭富城
劉德華
許志安
新城勁爆女歌手
陳慧琳
鄭秀文
容祖兒
新城勁爆人氣歌手
男：陳冠希
女：楊千嬅
新城勁爆2001四台聯頒大碟
Shall We Dance? Shall We Talk!
歌手：陳奕迅
監製：陳輝陽
新城勁爆新登場男歌手
鄧健泓
周永恆
新城勁爆新登場女歌手
陳文媛
黃伊汶
何韻詩
新城勁爆新人王
方力申
陳司翰
Twins
新城勁爆大碟獎
玉蝴蝶（謝霆鋒）
新城勁爆亞洲女歌手
王菲
新城勁爆亞洲男歌手
劉德華
新城勁爆播放指數大獎
夏日Fiesta（劉德華）
新城全球勁爆歌手
陳慧琳
鄭秀文
劉德華
新城全球勁爆歌曲
Shall We Talk（陳奕迅）
新城全球勁爆組合獎
VRF
新城勁爆新登場海外歌手
周杰倫
傅珮嘉
F4
新城勁爆國語女歌手
張惠妹
新城勁爆國語男歌手
任賢齊
新城勁爆國語歌曲獎
香水（謝霆鋒）
好聚好散（任賢齊）
星晴（周杰倫）
新城勁爆超越大獎
薛家燕
參閱
新城勁爆流行榜 |
甲状腺功能正常值是几？甲状腺功能是化验检查的一种，用于判断是否有甲亢或者是甲减等疾病，常用的有甲功三项，甲功五项和甲功七项等三种。甲功三项检查总t3，t4和促甲状腺素，甲功五项再加上ft3和ft4，甲功七项进一步加上抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体，以及过氧化物酶抗体。如果检查有甲状腺素的升高，促甲状腺素的降低，提示有甲亢。甲状腺素降低，促甲状腺素升高，则提示甲减。甲状腺是人体的内分泌器官，位于颈部正前方。主要功能是合成甲状腺激素，对机体的代谢起到调节作用，让人的精神饱满，更具有朝气和活力。还可以维持人体的生长发育，可以促进人体骨，脑的生长发育。并且起到重要的作用，尤其是对婴儿时期的作用更加明显，此外，还可以促进中枢神经系统的兴奋性，当甲状腺功能亢进时，会出现兴奋，心率加快的现象。甲状腺功能的参考值：T3:参考值范围：1.2~3.4。T4参考值范围：54~174。促甲状腺激素(TSH)：参考值范围：0~10。游离T3的参考值范围：31.21~4.18。游离T4的参考值范围：47.20~17.20。促甲状腺激素的参考值范围：0.6~4.50。甲状腺球蛋白抗体0.00~40.00。过氧化物酶抗体的参考值范围：0.00~40.00。积极配合医生，对症治疗。甲状腺功能检查包括甲状腺激素水平的检查、促甲状腺激素水平的检查。甲状腺激素水平包括血清的总甲状腺素、血清的游离甲状腺素，还有总三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸，还有促甲状腺激素TSH(是反映甲功最敏感的指标)。甲状腺功能的检查，需要病人在医院抽血化验。甲状腺功能检查，一般在首次的时候，要进行血常规和肝功能的同时化验。所以，如果初次进行甲状腺功能的检查，应应空腹来医院抽血化验。 |
天疱疮会遗传吗？天疱疮会遗传吗：患者应保持一个积极开朗的心情，也可多做运动舒缓心情，对患者来说可让治疗起到事半功倍的效果。天疱疮是一种慢性、复发性、严重性表皮内疱性皮肤病，天疱疮的病因不明，目前对自身免疫病因的研究较多，认为与病毒感染、紫外线照射、某些药物的刺激，使棘细胞层间的粘合物质成为自身抗原而诱发自身免疫反应有关。是没有遗传性的。1、根据临床记录发现，很多天疱疮患者会出现股骨头坏死、糖尿病、高血压等并发症，这主要是因为应用激素治疗造成的。所以有一个怪现象就是，天疱疮死亡原因主要为本病引起的皮肤感染和电解质紊乱，而激素应用之后，则死亡原因主要为激素的并发症，如呼吸道感染、肺栓塞、糖尿病和消化道溃疡。2、天疱疮患者应及早治疗，避免病情发展，损害身体，增加治疗难度。在治疗期间，患者还要注意个人的卫生习惯，特别是饮食上，应依清淡营养丰富的食物为主，慎重选择辛辣油腻食品。一些患者受天疱疮侵害，心情低落，还有患者对治疗缺乏认识给治疗增加了难度，这些不利于天疱疮的康复。在患者治疗时期，患者应保持一个积极开朗的心情，也可多做运动舒缓心情，对患者来说可让治疗起到事半功倍的效果。3、对于天疱疮的危害，除了需要注意其对口腔粘膜、皮肤粘膜、生殖器的影响，还要重视其引发的并发症，由于皮肤大面积糜烂，大量体液外渗，蛋白质、电解质及体液丢失过多，造成身体衰弱，很容易合并败血症、肺炎等激发感染。而根据临床调查显示，天疱疮还可能引起肾病、股骨头坏死、高血压、糖尿病、消化道疾病等并发症。应依清淡营养丰富的食物为主，慎重选择辛辣油腻食品。一些患者受天疱疮侵害，心情低落，还有患者对治疗缺乏认识给治疗增加了难度，这些不利于天疱疮的康复。保持好的生活习惯，早日健康。 |
APN may refer to:
Biology and chemistry
3-Arylpropiolonitriles, a class of chemical reagents
Acute pyelonephritis, a urinary tract infection
Acyl peroxy nitrates, respiratory and eye irritants in photochemical smog
Computing
Access Point Name, a gateway between mobile networks and frequently the Internet
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation
Algebraic Petri net, a kind of Petri net in computer science
Amazon Partner Network, for Amazon Web Services
Journalism
APN News & Media, an Australian and New Zealand media company
Animal Planet (Australia and New Zealand), a television channel
Novosti Press Agency (Agentstvo pechati Novosti), a Soviet news agency operating 1961–1990
Organizations
African Parks Network, a private park management institution
Alberta Playwrights Network, a professional association in Canada
Americans for Peace Now, a group associated with the Israeli Peace Now movement
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research, in Kobe, Japan
Other
Americanist phonetic notation, a system for phonetic transcription
Advanced practice nurse, a nurse with post-graduate education in nursing
Alpena County Regional Airport (IATA airport code) in Michigan
Assessor's parcel number, to identify real property |
Silver Lake is the name of several lakes in the U.S. state of Michigan:
*Note on lakes that span more than one county: The county column only shows the first county returned by GNIS in this column.
See also
Silver Lake, a former settlement in Washtenaw County
References
Silver Lake
Silver |
戈雷（，）是法国大東部大區孚日省的一个市镇，属于埃皮纳勒区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国大東部大區孚日省，该省份为法国东北部内陆省份，北起默兹省和默尔特-摩泽尔省，西接上马恩省，南至上索恩省和贝尔福地区省，东临上莱茵省和下莱茵省。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
孚日省市镇列表
参考文献
孚日省市镇 |
Blacktown is a comic strip in the series The spiffy adventures of McConey ( in the original French language), by the popular French cartoonist Lewis Trondheim. It was released in 1995 as volume 1 in the series.
Trondheim chose the western genre for this volume, a genre he claimed to hate, as an exercise: he wanted to find out if he could create an exciting adventure out of something he originally didn't care for.
Plot
This is the first volume in the series to be set in a stock historical setting: the Wild West. Although it uses the same main characters (Lapinot, Richard, Titi) and gives them the same type of personality, this story bears no relation to the continuing storyline of the volumes taking place in modern Paris. Lapinot is chased by outlaws for accidentally killing Rex Logan, their leader, and is later on mistaken for an outlaw himself by the villagers of Blacktown, who start chasing him as well. The story is often dark, contains plenty of action and witty dialogue, and moves at a quick pace.
References
French comics |
宫外孕症状早期怎么处理？孕卵在子宫腔外着床发育的异常妊娠过程，也称宫外孕。以输卵管妊娠最常见。病因常由于输卵管管腔或周围的炎症，引起管腔通畅不佳，阻碍孕卵正常运行，使之在输卵管内停留，着床，发育，导致输卵管妊娠流产或破裂。在流产或破裂前往往无明显症状，也可有停经，腹痛，少量阴道出血。破裂后表现为急性剧烈腹痛，反复发作，阴道出血，以至休克。检查常有腹腔内出血体征，子宫旁有包块，超声检查可助诊，治疗以手术为主，纠正休克的同时开腹探查，切除病侧输卵管。若为保留生育功能，也可切开输卵管取出孕卵。常见病因有，一，输卵管炎症可分为输卵管黏膜炎和输卵管周围炎，两者均为输卵管妊娠的常见病因。输卵管黏膜炎严重者可引起管腔完全阻塞而致不孕，轻者输卵管黏膜黏连和纤毛缺损，影响受精卵的运行受阻而在该处着床。淋菌及沙眼衣原体所致的输卵管炎常累及黏膜，而流产或分娩后感染往往引起输卵管周围炎。二，输卵管手术输卵管绝育术后若形成输卵管再通或瘘管，均有导致输卵管妊娠可能，尤其是腹腔镜下电凝输卵管绝育及硅胶环套术，因不孕接受过输卵管分离黏连术、输卵管成形术，如输卵管吻合术、输卵管开口术等，再次输卵管妊娠的发生率为百分之十到百分之二十。三，输卵管发育不良或功能异常输卵管发育不良常表现为输卵管过长，肌层发育差，黏膜纤毛缺乏。其他还有双输卵管、憩室或有副伞等，均可成为输卵管妊娠的原因。若雌孕激素分泌失常，可影响受精卵的正常运行。此外，精神因素也可引起输卵管痉挛和蠕动异常，干扰受精卵的运送等。受精卵在正常宫腔以外的地方着床，称为宫外孕，也叫异位妊娠，如果时间短孕囊小先考虑用药杀胚。宫外孕早期，输卵管还未发生破裂，而且胚胎组织也比较小，采取药物治疗容易流出来，而且有助于术后的恢复。如宫外孕有出血倾向，多选择手术治疗，可以用腹腔镜或开腹探查。 |
莫韦桑（，；）是法国上加龙省的一个市镇，属于图卢兹区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国奧克西塔尼大區上加龙省，该省份为法国西南部内陆省份，西南端与西班牙接壤，自此顺时针与上比利牛斯省、热尔省、塔恩-加龙省、塔恩省、奥德省和阿列日省接壤。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
上加龙省市镇列表
参考文献
上加龙省市镇 |
里港鄉（；）位於台灣屏東縣西北端，北鄰高雄市美濃區，西及西北鄰高雄市旗山區，東鄰高樹鄉，東南連鹽埔鄉，南接九如鄉。本鄉位處屏東平原之上，地勢平緩，荖濃溪與隘寮溪流經鄉境，並合流為高屏溪，氣候上則屬熱帶季風氣候。
歷史
發展沿革
里港鄉舊稱「阿里港」。可能源自平埔族語。坊間亦傳聞清康熙年間，有一姓氏不詳而名阿里者，在下淡水溪畔販賣冰品。原為平埔族居住之地，荷蘭時期的「台灣番社戶口表」就有塔樓社的記載。康熙末葉後亦有平埔族武洛社人在此活動。漢人的開發則在康熙末年，總兵藍廷珍及其族弟藍鼎元奉命平定朱一貴事件後，其麾下數百名士兵卻不願離開。雍正七年(1729年)，藍鼎元長子藍雲錦率族返回阿里港從事開墾，後代成為著名的里港藍家。亦有藍仲觀、莊鄉生等人率族人來此開墾，因而逐漸形成聚落。根據伊能嘉矩的考據，阿里港街，在港西上里港的西部，清康熙五十年代閩人開之。武洛地區的開墾較早，最早於康熙三十五年即有客家移民進入開墾，成為東往大路關、北往美濃之基地。
雍正十一年設置阿里港汛。乾隆年間已有「阿里港街」之稱。乾隆六年時始建信仰中心里港雙慈宮。 乾隆五十一年厭惡滿清派來台官吏貪污腐化而爆發林爽文事件，其中的要角抗清英雄莊大田，就住在現今里港鄉里港大橋下東方的「篤加庄」。清代的阿里港成為附近農業鄉村貨物聚集點，利用下淡水溪航運便利，將貨物輸送到下游出海港東港
。乾隆二十九年（1764）刊行的《重修鳳山縣誌》所記載：縣丞署原在港西萬丹街，因阿里港街鄰近山豬毛社，故移之，乾隆二十六年，知縣王瑛曾奉文移建。
里港鄉史上曾發生多次重大閩粵械鬥，鄉內白志廟、紅廟皆因此而建。據雙慈宮石碑記載，里港地區原有粵民信仰三山國王廟。該廟於道光12年（1832年）閩粵械鬥後遭廢祀，改為福德正神，後再請回池府王爺鎮守，即今過江村代天府。此事件後，眾鄉紳原基於安全的理由而興建里港城，但於日治後期拆除。日治時期人類學家伊能嘉矩 ，於明治三十年（1897）10月17日抵達阿里港街。 在其《伊能嘉矩の臺灣踏查日記》中描述：「阿里港街市位於清代阿里港分營的故址，有城牆圍繞著，是道光乙未年（1835）築造的。現在有641戶，2220人， 居民多半是泉州人。」
里港被二重溪一分為二，昔日為一渡口。溪北地區在日治中期廢縣置廳時設為土庫區，溪南地區則為阿里港區，為阿緱廳阿里港支廳（該支廳範圍為今之里港、高樹、鹽埔、九如）所轄。1920年台灣地方改制，將土庫區與阿里港區合併，並易名為「里港」，設置「-{里港庄}-」，劃歸高雄州屏東郡管理。1927年至1938年，日本進行下淡水溪整治工程，改變溪南溪北的聚落分布。1930年代，日本政府在里港附近建立了兩個移民村，分別為常盤移民村與千歲移民村。戰後初期劃設為高雄縣屏東區里港鄉，1946年屏東市升格省轄市，屏東區署改遷至里港，隔年廢屏東區，改為縣直轄。1950年屏東縣成立，為其所轄至今。民國 50 年(1961年)，為安置滇緬游擊隊軍眷家屬，在溪北劃出信國一村及定遠三村，屬土庫村轄區。
聚落
里港鄉除了武洛為客家聚落，信國、定遠兩社區為雲南漢人與少數民族，其餘皆為河洛人。往昔古聚落如卓加、番仔寮、溝仔墘、中崙等地，現已無人居住。
溪南：
大平（以雙慈宮［主祀：天上聖母］為全里港主要之信仰中心。另有基督教長老教會於此設立）
鐵店（舊名"打鐵店-{庄}-"，以慈龍宮［主祀:天上聖母、副祀:五公菩薩、宋江爺］為信仰中心，其廟宇特色為：八卦旗大鼓陣）
福興 (以興隆宮［主祀：天上聖母］為信仰中心)
過江（以紫竹寺［主祀：觀世音菩薩］、代天府[主祀 : 五府千歲]、北極殿[主祀：玄天上帝]為信仰中心）
玉田（擁有里港最大區劃的村落，以鎮玉宮［主祀：劉公聖君］為信仰中心。另有基督教靈糧堂於此設立）
潮厝（以廣慈宮［主祀：天上聖母］、慈濟宮［主祀：保生大帝］為信仰中心）
茄苳（以慈德宮［主祀：觀音佛祖］為信仰中心）
塔樓 (以三坪祖師廟為信仰中心，鳳山八社之一的塔樓社)
武洛 (乾隆年間便出現在台灣輿圖上，鳳山八社之一的武洛社)
載興（舊名"磚仔地"大部份村民務農）
溪北：
中和（以代天府［主祀：范府千歲］為信仰中心，另稱五十戶，里港工業區所在地）
瀰力肚（以聖合宮［主祀：李府千歲］為信仰中心）
中萬甲（以慶濟宮［主祀：天上聖母］為信仰中心，名字得自古中崙庄之麻六甲、中崙及頭崙，另稱三張廍）
土庫（以福德祠雙慈宮為信仰中心）
北安（以福德祠為信仰中心，在土庫以北）
林仔頭（以清聖宮［主祀：觀音佛祖、清水祖師］為信仰中心）
信國（滇緬義軍於民國50年代遷入，屬於有眷軍官落腳處）
定遠（滇緬義軍於民國50年代遷入，屬於有眷士官居住處）
南興（又稱二十戶）
地理
里港主要為荖濃溪與隘寮溪形成的沖積扇，隘寮溪的源流區位於屏東縣霧台鄉，是台灣南部的多雨中心，年平均雨量高達4500mm以上。由於水量豐沛，泥沙量大，形成屏東平原上最大的沖積扇。高屏溪舊稱下淡水溪，高屏溪主流荖濃溪，源流位於南投縣信義鄉南端，流經梅山、桃源、寶來、六龜，轉向南流至大津，納東側流入之濁口溪後，轉向西南流至里港，納東南方流入之隘寮溪，續流至嶺口與來自北方之旗山溪（楠梓仙溪）合流後，始稱高屏溪。
高屏溪流域內平均雨量每年達3046公厘，平均年逕流量高達84億5500萬立方公尺。平均年輸砂量是3561萬噸，每平方公里流域面積輸送10934噸，居全世界第11位。
里港鄉的平均氣溫為23.9 °C。 平均年降雨量為2398 mm。
由於每年11月至隔年5月為荖濃溪的枯水期，長年濫採砂石，再加上溪床枯竭揚塵席捲，沙塵暴已成里港鄉的另一特色。
地質
里港地區地質屬現代沖積層，含粗礫沈積帶與砂礫交互帶，有豐富的地下水，加上透水性高，早期此地區是河水時常氾濫的地方，遍布石礫。
氣候
里港地區夏季受西南季風迎風面，與冬天東北季風背風面之影響，終年氣候溫和但乾濕分明，月均溫都在攝氏18度以上。
人口
根據屏東縣里港戶政事務所統計，2022年底里港鄉戶數約8.5千戶，人口約2.6萬人，鄉內人口最多與最少的村分別是玉田村與瀰力村，2022年底兩村人口分別為4,006人與569人。
里港鄉歷年人口變化（1950年－2030年）
政治
歷任首長
日治時期阿里港街-{庄}-長
終戰後里港鄉長
第一、二、三屆陳文章
第四、五屆吳天來
第六屆藍家芳
第七、八屆朱秋湶
第九、十屆曾迺瑞
第十一、十二屆林豐精
第十三屆蘇永利
第十四屆丁煙柱
第十五、十六屆盧文瑞
第十七屆張有權（解職）
第十七屆林秀琴（補選）
第十八、十九屆徐國銘
鄉政組織
里港鄉公所是里港鄉最高層級的地方行政機關，在中華民國政府架構中為鄉自治的行政機關，同時負責執行縣政府及中央機關委辦事項。里港鄉的自治監督機關為屏東縣政府。鄉長由全體鄉民直接選舉產生，任期為四年，可連選連任一次。里港鄉公所並置鄉政會議，為鄉政最高決策機構，在鄉長之下，設有5課3室等8個內部單位及5個附屬機關。
里港鄉民代表會是里港鄉的最高民意機關，代表里港鄉全體鄉民立法和監察鄉政。鄉民代表由公民直選選出，任期為四年，可連選連任。里港鄉民代表會共有11位鄉民代表，分別為第一選區3席鄉民代表、第二選區3席鄉民代表、第三選區3席鄉民代表、第四選區2席鄉民代表，主席、副主席由11位鄉民代表互選產生。
行政區
歷年所屬行政區列表
里港鄉共轄14村，其行政區域分布情形為：
公共服務
警政治安
屏東縣警察局-{里}-港分局 永春村永豐路一段3號 Tel：(08)775-2040
大平派出所:大平村中山路103號 Tel：(08)775-2034
三和派出所:土庫村土庫路74號 Tel：(08)773-1145
消防
屏東縣政府消防局第一大隊
里港分隊
文化資產與歷史建築
文化資產
阿里港雙慈宮暨境內各廟宇聯合遶境出巡（四年一科）
阿里港國際馬拉松（每屆報名人數全部滿額，儼然已成為國內外知名的運動賽事）
阿里港跨年晚會（堪稱全屏東縣最具規模）
歷史建築
里港鄉敬聖亭
1877年建雪峰書院，敬字亭或許同時建立， 旦原本位置並非於現址。雪峰書院為里港孔廟附設書院，於日治時期改為里港公學校，後毀於大火，敬字亭為唯一遺跡。
里港雙慈宮
建築年份普遍認為於乾隆六年（1741年），主祀天上聖母。為里港地區之大廟。
藍家古厝
里港藍家開台一世祖藍雲錦所建，建基於清康熙末年雍正初年之間（約1723年）。
里港教會
李庥牧師1869年建立長老基督教會阿里港教會。1872年馬偕牧師自打狗(高雄)上岸後，立刻至阿里港拜訪李庥牧師。為屏北地區傳教之主要基地。
呂岳德政碑
乾隆五十年立，刻有甘棠遺愛，紀念阿里港分縣呂岳德。基座有里港城北門與南門門額。
陳氏宗祠
原為咸豐年間來台之漳州陳氏家廟，後有客家饒平陳姓加入，成為台灣五大陳氏宗祠之一。主祀舜帝重華與各陳氏先祖，每年冬至之時舉行祭祖大典。在二戰前，舜帝殿則是里港的漢學學堂，為村里人家學習漢文之處。
蔡家古厝
建於1903年，三年後完工，由蔡家開台四世祖蔡糞主持。惟2020年時遭受破壞，僅留正身。
韓哲卿宅
昭和四年（1929年）落成，為里港地區第一座民間建造的西式洋樓，為地方仕紳韓哲卿之居所，題有「源美」兩字，造型古典雅緻。
教育
國民中學
屏東縣立里港國民中學
國民小學
屏東縣里港鄉里港國民小學
屏東縣里港鄉土庫國民小學信國分校（已廢校）
屏東縣里港鄉載興國民小學
屏東縣里港鄉三和國民小學
屏東縣里港鄉玉田國民小學
屏東縣里港鄉塔樓國民小學
幼兒園
里港鄉立幼兒園
育幼院
信望愛育幼院
圖書館
里港鄉立圖書館
交通
公路
國道
九如交流道（391k，雖位於九如鄉，但亦可前往本鄉）
里港交流道（25k，接里港砂石車專用道）
省道
鄉道
其他道路
里港砂石車專用道
客運
屏東客運里港站
高雄客運里港站（至旗山）
觀光景點
阿里港公園
過江河堤公園
朧祥河濱公園
里港河濱公園
里港雙慈宮：創建於1741年
塔樓三坪祖師廟：創建於1810年
慎修寺：創建於1888年
白廟：全稱過江白志公廟
紅廟：位於里港鄉過江村的有應公廟
藍家古厝
雪峰書院
載興堤防公園
花堤乳香
丁家古厝
里港茄苳尊王
:高屏溪斜張橋
蔡家古厝
陳氏宗祠
薰之園
里港小鎮（咖啡館）
阿里港觀光夜市
大茉莉休閒農場
武洛公園(里港唯一的客家聚落)
特產
蓮霧
西瓜
芎蕉
木瓜
四季豆
里港扁食
楊桃
黃瓜
檸檬於載興設有產銷中心。
印度棗
檳榔
荔枝
美食
餛飩(扁食)
豬腳
滇緬料理
客家菜
相關條目
伊能嘉矩
臺海使槎錄
-{里港庄}-
屏東縣
參考文獻
引用
書目
陳秋坤編纂《里港鄉志》里港鄉公所, 2003
伊能嘉矩 《台灣踏查日記》遠流出版 1996年
清巡臺御史黃叔璥《臺海使槎錄》番俗六考, 武洛社
外部連結
每年六、七月西南風吹起，高屏溪砂石層土飛揚，擾亂橋上交通秩序
蘇嘉謨 : 當年想成為日軍的慰安婦可不是簡單的事 要經過嚴格篩選
許雪姬:藍敏先生訪問紀錄
里港國小百年歷史
長老教會首任牧師－李庥
阿達碼, 隱野民居-里港藍家古厝
荷據時期臺灣西南部地區古今地名對照
源自台灣原住民語言的台灣地名 |
Hasan Fehmi Ataç (1879 – 16 September 1961) was a Turkish politician and a member of both the Grand National Assembly of the Republic of Turkey (the Turkish Parliament) and the earlier Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (the lower house of the Ottoman Parliament). As a member of both parliaments, Hasan Fehmi was a deputy representing Gümüşhane, the place of his birth.
After his career in the Grand National Assembly, Hasan Fehmi was appointed by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to be the Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Finance. Later in life, he was awarded the Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon for his services to the Republic of Turkey.
Early life and career
Hasan Fehmi was born in Gümüşhane in 1879 and was the son of Kadirbeyzade Mehmet Salim Beyin. Fehmi went on to receive his local education at the Rüştiye school located in the Süleymaniye district of Gümüşhane. In his later life, however, Fehmi did not have an opportunity to attain higher education. Soon thereafter, Fehmi became a politician and a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire from Gümüşhane in its second and third sessions during the disintegrating Empire's Second Constitutional Era, and after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, became a deputy in the newly established Republic of Turkey. He served as deputy of Gümüşhane in the first period of the convening of the Grand National Assembly until the eighth period. On 17 October 1920, during his career as a deputy, Fehmi provided important testimony concerning the Armenian deportations during a secret conference in the national assembly:
During the testimony, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of the Republic of Turkey, presided over the national assembly. Fehmi also provided testimony regarding the confiscation of Armenians goods and property during another secret session of the national assembly:
Amid protests that he was uneducated, Fehmi was appointed by Atatürk as the Finance Minister on 24 April 1922 and served until 2 January 1925. During his career as a Finance Minister, Fehmi managed to provide needed provisions of the Turkish army after Turkish War of Independence. After serving as Finance Minister for three years, Fehmi became the Minister of Agriculture between 22 November 1924 and 3 March 1925.
Fehmi was married and had one child.
He was also awarded the Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon.
Fehmi died on 16 September 1961 at the age of 82.
See also
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Turkish National Movement
Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)
Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide
Notes
References
People from Gümüşhane
Ministers of Finance of Turkey
Agriculture ministers of Turkey
Food ministers of Turkey
Members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
1879 births
1961 deaths
Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
Members of the 1st government of Turkey |
尿常规异常的诊断是什么？尿常规检查一般包括10项内容：PRO(蛋白)，RLD 或ERY(红细胞)，LEU(白细胞)主要用于诊断肾炎，肾结石天尿路感染等疾病，SG(比重)，PH(酸碱度)用于评估肾小管功能(浓缩功能和酸化功 能)，GLU(葡萄糖)用于检查肾小管功能和糖尿病，NIT(亚硝酸盐)阳性表示尿路有细菌感染，KET(酮体)用来发现糖尿病酮症酸中毒和饥饿状 态，BIL(尿胆红素)，UBG(尿胆素质)为黄疸的辅助检查，用于鉴别溶血性，肝细胞性和阻塞性黄疸。需特别注意的是，目前自动尿检仪所测的RLD和 LEU存在误差，一般市级大医院均以人工镜检为准。其次尿常规检查还注意：尿色：正常尿液的色泽，主要由尿色素所致，其每日的排泄量大体是恒定的，故尿色的深浅随尿量而改变。正常尿呈草黄色，异常的尿色可因食物、药物、色素、血液等因素而变化。透明度：正常新鲜尿液，除女性的尿可见稍混浊外，多数是清晰透明的，若放置过久则出现轻度混浊，这是由于尿液的酸碱度改变，尿内的粘液蛋白、核蛋白等逐渐析出之故。如尿常规检查出现异常时，需及时加以重视，积极就医以排查肾脏疾病的可能性。 |
双侧甲状腺多发囊性结节什么意思啊？甲状腺多发囊性结节是甲状腺结节中比较常见的一类结节，属于良性结节。临床上比较多见。如果结节确定是良性的没有很明显的临床症状，甲状腺功能也没有异常，这个时候可以定期随诊甲状腺结节的状况，如果长时间没有很明显的变化，就不用特别处理。如果结节不超过2cm、或者没有压迫症状、也不影响美观下，可以不用处理。可以查查甲状腺功能，如果出现甲状腺功能减退，可以给予左甲状腺素钠改善甲功。1年复查甲状腺超声。如果复查超声囊肿增大比较明显，可以考虑微创手术治疗，甲状腺双侧的多发结节，让水平比较高的医师给做一个甲状腺的超声，仔细看一下甲状腺结节的性质到底是怎样的。如果B超的检查时候，不能很明确的看出来结节的性质，可以到病理科去做结节的病理学检查，看有没有恶变的倾向。甲状腺囊性结节，一般是良性病变，很少有甲状腺癌表现为囊性结节。不过如果结节过大或边界不清或有钙化点，就需要检查甲状腺穿刺，明确囊性结节的性质，排除甲状腺癌，如果确诊是甲状腺癌需要手术治疗。如果囊性结节较小，没有特殊不适可以观察，每半年复查一次甲状腺彩超，不过如果囊性结节过大或出现吞咽困难、憋气、声音嘶哑，扩张，病人也会表现为颈前的包块。如果有明显的疼痛，也可以选择手术治疗，并且需要进一步结合甲状腺功能测定，因为多发的病变，如果病史比较长，也容易出现继发的甲亢，所以可以选择手术治疗的方法。术后也要注意监测甲功的变化，必要的可以补充小剂量的甲状腺素的药物。 |
The Consortium for the Management of Basic and Applied Research in Africa south of Sahara () or COMREFAS is an international multidisciplinary institution whose purpose is to structure and enhance the basic and applied research in Africa in the following scientific fields:
Economics,
Management Science,
Public law,
Private Law,
Humanities,
Arts,
Social Sciences,
Applied Science and Technology.
History
Created in 2009 by the Network of Universities of Science and Technology of the Countries of Africa south of the Sahara (RUSTA), the COMREFAS is the research center common to all member institutions of the RUSTA (University of Science and Technology of Benin, University of Science and Technology of Togo, University of Science and Technology of Ivory Coast, Higher Institute of Technology of Ivory Coast, etc.).
Its head office is located in Abidjan, the economic capital of Ivory Coast.
Mission
The COMREFAS's mission is to contribute to the development and enhancement of scientific research in the countries of Africa. This is part of a desire to unite the scientific community around a shared vision, challenging and promising future for African societies.
To do this, the COMREFAS promote :
the academic and scientific cooperation,
exchanges with organizations and institutions,
dissemination of knowledge through scientific meetings,
the training of doctoral students, etc.
Components
The COMREFAS consists of five research laboratories :
Research Laboratory in Management of Organizations (LAREGO)
Laboratory of Applied Studies and Research in Public and Private Law (LAREAD)
Laboratory of Experimental Studies in Economics (LAEXSE)
Multidisciplinary Laboratory Experiments in Social Sciences (LAPLESS)
Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory Applied Science and Technologies (LAPRESTA)
References
External links
Official website
Research institutes in Ivory Coast
College and university associations and consortia in Africa
Organizations based in Abidjan
2009 establishments in Ivory Coast |
邓姓为中文姓氏之一，在《百家姓》排第180位，中国大陆第28大姓（2020年数据），主要分佈於四川、貴州、湖南、湖北、河南、河北、廣府、港澳及海外地區等地。在台灣鄧姓排第54位，主要分佈於台灣北部。源于古代鄧國（今河南省邓州市）。原為曼姓，為商朝武丁所封。春秋時代鄧國為楚國所滅之後，其国后人以国名为姓。郡望为南阳（今邓州，古代曾为南阳郡）。此姓氏在越南亦有分佈，約佔當地人口2.1%。
在台分布
在台灣，鄧姓主要來自於廣東、福建。主要於清朝中期以後遷台，其中客家人居多，閩南人其次。另有一部份為1949年以後隨國府遷台的中國各省鄧姓人士（如鄧麗君等）。台灣戰後初期，亦有少量原住民改為鄧姓者。
開基
台北（今新北市／桃園市）鄧姓，客家人，十六世遷台開基祖鄧彥拔於1770年(清乾隆三十五年)自廣東省嘉應州鎮平縣（今廣東省梅州市蕉嶺縣）攜三子鄧純先、鄧統先、鄧縉先舉家渡海遷台，於淡水登陸，初於海山堡彭福莊（今新北市樹林區）開墾，後來子孫繁衍以及躲避閩粵械鬥，遷至桃園平鎮、中壢、龍潭、楊梅，以及新竹關西、芎林、屏東麟洛等地，至今已傳至十一代，二百四十餘年，且遍佈全台各地。遷台祖雲閣塔鄧氏宗祠位於桃園市平鎮區山仔頂，台北鄧姓為台灣鄧姓人數較多較著名的一支，台北鄧姓為主幹而組成的桃園縣鄧姓宗親會亦為台灣鄧姓最活躍的宗親會之一。在台灣鄧姓人士也以桃園市平鎮區為分佈密度最高者。此外，在新北市、台北市、桃園市及台灣北部眷村等地亦有許多1949年隨國民政府遷台之大陸各省鄧姓人士。
台北桃園鄧姓廣東鎮平鄧彥拔派下昭穆：先觀鳳盛 賢仁敦福 永遠維新 宏昌富裕 德智全揚
雲林鄧姓，開基祖鄧愨睦（1687年~1762年）自廣東渡海遷台，曾住雲林斗六，後遷居嘉義梅山，後定居嘉義石桌。
嘉義鄧姓，開基祖鄧薪自福建漳州渡海遷台，定居於嘉義新港中洋子。
大马分布
在马来西亚的邓姓后人。（TONG YEW）客家人，于1923年在大马雪兰莪州得子邓平（TONG PING）。邓平与其妻LAW MOI MOI于1950世纪共结连理并育有5子女家中排行依序长子邓德、邓安、邓运财、长女邓玉莲、小女儿邓玉珍（已移籍为新加坡籍），尔后定居于森美兰州首府芙蓉县。自2020年后开始寻找TONG YEW后人。
延伸阅读
越南姓氏
D邓 |
药物性狼疮的鉴别诊断？在有其他风湿病患者中，药物性狼疮的症状可被误认为是原发病加重，从而加强原发病的治疗，使病情更加严重。因此在鉴别诊断中应考虑到该病。 |
Majella Wiemers is an Australian television news, current affairs and weather presenter and producer. She was previously the executive producer of Breakfast on Network Ten until she quit the show on 6 July 2012.
Career
Queensland born-and bred, Wiemers graduated with a BA, majoring in journalism, from the University of Queensland in 1996. The following year she started in regional television and joined WIN Television as a presenter and reporter in Rockhampton and Cairns. In 1999, Wiemers was promoted to WIN's bureau chief of news. In 2000, she won the Far North Queensland Media Award for best documentary for Cyclone Steve — The Unwanted Visitor, which she produced, directed and presented. She was also a finalist for best news reporter in 2000 and 2001 and for best feature in 2001.
In 2001, Wiemers moved to Sydney and joined the Nine Network as a producer on Good Medicine, Nightline and Nine's federal election coverage. In 2002, she was a producer for RPA, one of Australia's most respected reality programs, and later that year was supervising producer for the special Christmas with the Australian Women's Weekly. A stint as series producer with Changing Rooms followed before Wiemers joined Getaway in 2003, travelling throughout Australia and internationally to produce stories for the popular holiday program.
She then became a reporter for Today. Wiemers was also a weather presenter for National Nine Early News in 2005 alongside Sharyn Ghidella and Chris Smith. She also regularly filled in for Today weather presenter Steven Jacobs.
Wiemers left the Nine Network at the end of 2007 due to contractual issues. Prior to Wiemers leaving Nine she presented the weather on Nine News PM Edition, Nine News Sydney and Nightline while Jaynie Seal was on maternity leave.
References
Nine News presenters
Australian television journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
JQ1 is a thienotriazolodiazepine and a potent inhibitor of the BET family of bromodomain proteins which include BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and the testis-specific protein BRDT in mammals. BET inhibitors structurally similar to JQ1 are being tested in clinical trials for a variety of cancers including NUT midline carcinoma. It was developed by the James Bradner laboratory at Brigham and Women's Hospital and named after chemist Jun Qi. The chemical structure was inspired by patent of similar BET inhibitors by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma [WO/2009/084693]. Structurally it is related to benzodiazepines. While widely used in laboratory applications, JQ1 is not itself being used in human clinical trials because it has a short half life.
Efficacy in mouse models of cancer
Interest in JQ1 as a cancer therapeutic stemmed from its ability to inhibit BRD4 and BRD3, both of which form fusion oncogenes that drive NUT midline carcinoma. Subsequent work demonstrated that a number of cancers including some forms of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were also highly sensitive to BET inhibitors.
In other applications
JQ1 has also been investigated for other applications in the treatment of HIV infection, as a male contraceptive, and in slowing the progression of heart disease.
See also
Male contraceptive
TDI-11861
YCT529
References
Contraception for males
Experimental cancer drugs
Thienotriazolodiazepines
Tert-butyl compounds |
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a maximal surface is a certain kind of submanifold of a Lorentzian manifold. Precisely, given a Lorentzian manifold , a maximal surface is a spacelike submanifold of whose mean curvature is zero. As such, maximal surfaces in Lorentzian geometry are directly analogous to minimal surfaces in Riemannian geometry. The difference in terminology between the two settings has to do with the fact that small regions in maximal surfaces are local maximizers of the area functional, while small regions in minimal surfaces are local minimizers of the area functional.
In 1976, Shiu-Yuen Cheng and Shing-Tung Yau resolved the "Bernstein problem" for maximal hypersurfaces of Minkowski space which are properly embedded, showing that any such hypersurface is a plane. This was part of the body of work for which Yau was awarded the Fields medal in 1982. The Bernstein problem was originally posed by Eugenio Calabi in 1970, who proved some special cases of the result. Simple examples show that there are a number of hypersurfaces of Minkowski space of zero mean curvature which fail to be spacelike.
By an extension of Cheng and Yau's methods, Kazuo Akutagawa considered the case of spacelike hypersurfaces of constant mean curvature in Lorentzian manifolds of positive constant curvature, such as de Sitter space. Luis Alías, Alfonso Romero, and Miguel Sánchez proved a version of Cheng and Yau's result, replacing Minkowski space by the warped product of a closed Riemannian manifold with an interval.
As a problem of partial differential equations, Robert Bartnik and Leon Simon studied the boundary-value problem for maximal surfaces in Minkowski space. The general existence of maximal hypersurfaces in asymptotically flat Lorentzian manifolds, due to Bartnik, is significant in Demetrios Christodoulou and Sergiu Klainerman's renowned proof of the nonlinear stability of Minkowski space under the Einstein field equations. They use a maximal slicing of a general spacetime; the same approach is common in numerical relativity.
References
Footnotes
Books
John K. Beem, Paul E. Ehrlich, and Kevin L. Easley. Global Lorentzian geometry. Second edition. Monographs and Textbooks in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 202. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1996. xiv+635 pp.
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat. General relativity and the Einstein equations. Oxford Mathematical Monographs. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009. xxvi+785 pp.
Demetrios Christodoulou and Sergiu Klainerman. The global nonlinear stability of the Minkowski space. Princeton Mathematical Series, 41. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1993. x+514 pp.
Éric Gourgoulhon. 3 + 1 formalism in general relativity. Bases of numerical relativity. Lecture Notes in Physics, 846. Springer, Heidelberg, 2012. xviii+294 pp.
Articles
Kazuo Akutagawa. On spacelike hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in the de Sitter space. Math. Z. 196 (1987), no. 1, 13–19.
Luis J. Alías, Alfonso Romero, and Miguel Sánchez. Uniqueness of complete spacelike hypersurfaces of constant mean curvature in generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes. Gen. Relativity Gravitation 27 (1995), no. 1, 71–84.
Robert Bartnik and Leon Simon. Spacelike hypersurfaces with prescribed boundary values and mean curvature. Comm. Math. Phys. 87 (1982), no. 1, 131–152.
Eugenio Calabi. Examples of Bernstein problems for some nonlinear equations. Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Vol. XV (1970), pp. 223–230. Global Analysis. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, R.I.
Shiu Yuen Cheng and Shing Tung Yau. Maximal space-like hypersurfaces in the Lorentz–Minkowski spaces. Ann. of Math. (2) 104 (1976), no. 3, 407–419.
Osamu Kobayashi. Maximal surfaces in the 3-dimensional Minkowski space . Tokyo J. Math. 6 (1983), no. 2, 297–309.
Differential geometry |
擬鬥牛犬蟻屬（Nothomyrmecia）是一個罕見的蟻科屬別，僅有大眼擬鬥牛犬蟻（Nothomyrmecia macrops）一個物種。他們生活在澳洲南方的原始尤加利樹林中。擬鬥牛犬蟻完整的分布範圍從未被評估過，因此無從得知是否為廣泛分布。如果擬鬥牛犬蟻真的偏好生活於原始尤加利樹林中，它的潛在分布範圍可能更加廣泛。棲地破壞及氣候變遷可能會威脅他們的存亡。擬鬥牛犬蟻在低溫時比較活躍，他們在低溫時遇到的競爭者及獵食者較少，例如巨山蟻屬及虹琉璃蟻屬（Iridomyrmex），低溫時獵食的成功率也會提高。因此，溫度提高會干擾他們覓食，也導致適合居住的地方減少，因此 IUCN 將它們列為瀕危物種。
擬鬥牛犬蟻體型中等，介於9.7~11.0mm之間。工蟻單形態，彼此之間形態上差異不大。成熟群落個體數不多，大約50至100個體。工蟻為夜行性的獨行覓食者，收集節肢動物及甜的物質，例如介殼蟲或其他半翅目昆蟲所分泌的蜜露。擬鬥牛犬蟻依靠視覺來分辨方位，沒有證據指出他們覓食時會利用化學物質溝通，但他們的確會利用化學物質傳達警戒訊號。蟻后會和一隻或更多的雄蟻交配，在群落建立初期，蟻后會自己獵食直到群落發展成熟。蟻后一年只會生產一個世代（univoltine）。兩個蟻后可以一起建立群落，但是首批世代的工蟻羽化後其中之一就會被移除。
擬鬥牛犬蟻在1934年時由澳洲昆蟲學家John S. Clark根據兩個工蟻的標本發表。此二標本是在1931年於Russell Range附近，也就是位於西澳的Israelite海灣的內陸採集的。在首次發現後的40年，擬鬥牛犬蟻再也沒被發現過，直到1977年在離首次發現的地點1300公里遠的地方再次被發現。擬鬥牛犬蟻在螞蟻學中被視為聖杯一樣的存在，1977年再次被發現後，在科學界激起了一陣旋風，吸引來自世界各地的科學家。在普徹拉（再次發現的地點），擬鬥牛犬蟻的照片被貼在街道上，普徹拉大概是世界上唯一因螞蟻而成名的觀光勝地。根據形態上的相似，昆蟲學家指出擬鬥牛犬蟻，及出自於波羅的海始新世化石的螞蟻屬，Prionomyrmex，親緣關係較為接近，但此推論在昆蟲學界中沒有廣泛的被接受。有鑑於其身體的結構，擬鬥牛犬蟻被公認為現存最原始的螞蟻，是為活化石。
分類學
發現
擬鬥牛犬蟻的首次記錄是在1931年由業餘昆蟲學家Amy Crocker所採集，他的同事在一次旅行中替他採集了一些昆蟲樣本，包含兩隻鬥牛犬蟻工蟻的標本，據悉是在西澳的Israelite海灣的內陸Russell Range附近所採集到的。接著Crocker將螞蟻樣本交由澳洲昆蟲學家John S. Clark，在認知到這屬於一新物種後，此二標本成為了共模標本。在這之後，昆蟲學家 Robert W. Taylor 質疑原始發現地點的正確性，他認為這些標本應該是在大澳洲灣的西方邊界，巴拉多尼亞南方所採集。擬鬥牛犬蟻的發現及其特殊的身體結構在1951年引領科學家們在西澳展開了一系列的搜索。在往後的30年，澳洲及美國的團隊都沒有成功發現他們；E. O. Wilson 與 William Brown, Jr. 等昆蟲學家都嘗試搜尋未果。接著，在1977年10月22日，來自坎培拉的 Taylor 和他的昆蟲學家團隊在普徹拉，塞杜納的東南方，發現了一隻單獨的工蟻，發現地距1931年的首次發現地1300公里遠。在2012年，一則討論擬鬥牛犬蟻是否存在於西澳的報告，並沒有在巴拉多尼亞及西澳沿海地區發現他們。在經歷了46年的搜索後，昆蟲學家們稱擬鬥牛犬蟻為螞蟻學中的聖杯。
命名
1934年昆蟲學家John S. Clark首次正式描述大眼擬鬥牛犬蟻時，將其列在針蟻亞科之下的新族（擬鬥牛犬蟻族，Nothomyrmecii）新屬新種。他做出此決定是因為兩隻標本（此二標本後來成為了共模標本，syntypes）沒有地方相似於任何他所認知的螞蟻物種，但是大眼擬鬥牛犬蟻卻和已滅絕的Prionomyrmex屬形態上有一些相似的地方。Clark提到擬鬥牛犬蟻屬及Prionomyrmex屬的頭部及大顎有相似之處，但兩者可從腰節（位於中軀及腹錘節之間的分節）的形態分辨。根據和其他針蟻亞科物種形態上的差異，Clark在1951年提議了一個新亞科擬鬥牛犬蟻亞科（Nothomyrmeciinae），用以安置他的擬鬥牛犬蟻屬。這項提議被美國昆蟲學家William Brown Jr. 反對，他將其放置於鬥牛犬蟻亞科之下，與鬥牛犬蟻屬及Prionomyrmex屬共列，並將其置於擬鬥牛犬蟻族之下。再次發現後的不久，擬鬥牛犬蟻和現生螞蟻遙遠的親緣關係便被證實，他在蟻科中的位置被大部分的科學家認同，直到1980年代後期。根據單節的腰節，科學家們認為擬鬥牛犬蟻屬應該與鬥牛犬蟻屬分離，並重新使用了 Clark原本的提議，也就是將擬鬥牛犬蟻放置在屬於他自己的亞科之下，擬鬥牛犬蟻亞科，儘管擬鬥牛犬蟻屬及鬥牛犬蟻屬在形態上有多處相似，這個決定一直維持直到2000年。
在2000年，昆蟲學家Cesare Baroni Urbani描述了一種來自波羅的海的化石，隸屬於Prionomyrmex屬的新種 （P. janzeni）。在分析擬鬥牛犬蟻的標本之後，Baroni Urbani提到他所描述的新種及大眼擬鬥牛犬蟻形態多處相似，因此二者應放置於同一屬內。他提議在名字更動上，Prionomyrmex屬應該取代擬鬥牛犬蟻屬（Nothomyrmecia），同理，Prionomyrmeciinae亞科應該取代擬鬥牛犬蟻亞科（Nothomyrmeciinae）。
在2003年，俄國古昆蟲學家 G. M. Dlussky 與 E. B. Perfilieva，根據腹節的癒合情況，將擬鬥牛犬蟻屬及 Prionomyrmex 屬分離。同一年，美國昆蟲學家 P. S. Ward 與 S. G. Brady，也和 Dlussky 與 Perfilieva 得到相同的結論，並且強烈支持 Prionomyrmex 為一單系群。 Ward 與 Brady 同時也將此兩屬置於鬥牛犬蟻亞科Prionomyrmecini族之下。在2005及2008年，Baroni Urbani 提出了進一步的證據支持他的說法，反對 Ward 與 Brady 的說法。但此一觀點並不被後續的論文所支持，因此學界繼續沿用 Ward 與 Brady 的分類而非 Baroni Urbani 的。
大眼擬鬥牛犬蟻，Nothomyrmecia macrops， 的英文俗名有 dinosaur ant 及 dawn ant，或是活化石蟻，因其原始的身體結構得名。屬名 Nothomyrmecia 意思是假鬥牛犬蟻 （false bulldog ant） 。 其種小名 macrops，是由希臘文 makros 而來，意思是"長"或"大"，而 ops，意思是"眼睛"。
基因體學及系統發生學
研究指出膜翅目昆蟲中，只有螞蟻擁有雙套且高於52對（2n = 52）的染色體數目；擬鬥牛犬蟻屬及其他的針蟻亞科物種，如Platythyrea tricuspidata，的染色體數量比任何膜翅目昆蟲來的多，最多可達 92 - 94 對雙套染色體。基因體學證據顯示，擬鬥牛犬蟻屬及鬥牛犬蟻屬最近的共同祖先估計出現在7400萬年前，也就是說他們的起源可能來自於白堊紀。以下是對於擬鬥牛犬蟻屬系統發生學的兩個假說：山蟻亞科（Formicinae）比起鬥牛犬蟻屬，更接近於擬鬥牛犬蟻屬，由類似擬鬥牛犬蟻的祖先演化而來。另一假說為：擬鬥牛犬蟻屬和Aneuretinae亞科擁有共同的祖先，且山蟻亞科是由Aneuretinae亞科演化而來。直到最近，科學家認同擬鬥牛犬蟻比較可能是從針蟻亞科的祖先演化而來。擬鬥牛犬蟻和其他較為原始的屬，如鈍針蟻屬（Amblyopone）及鬥牛犬蟻屬，擁有與一群住在土壤中的胡蜂科相似的行為。以下的分支圖是由加拿大昆蟲學家 S. B. Archibald 與他的同事們所提供，呈現了擬鬥牛犬蟻屬在鬥牛犬蟻亞科中可能的位置，並提到擬鬥牛犬蟻在已滅絕的鬥牛犬蟻亞科物種中比較接近 Avitomyrmex 屬、Macabeemyrma 屬、Prionomyrmex 屬、Ypresiomyrma 屬。
分布地區及棲地
擬鬥牛犬蟻分布在南澳寒冷的區域，在尤加利樹林之中，尤其是古老且物種多樣的尤加利（Eucalyptus）樹林，如 Eucalyptus brachycalyx、E. gracilis 、E. oleosa。擬鬥牛犬蟻也出現在西澳，也就是首次採集地。擬鬥牛犬蟻的完整分布還未被探討過，因此無法得知它到底多麼廣布。如果擬鬥牛犬蟻真的喜好古老的尤加利樹林，它的潛在分布範圍可能更為廣泛。在1998年，一群昆蟲學家沿著艾爾半島，總長共400公里的18個地區發現了擬鬥牛犬蟻的群落。
巢穴在已降解的的萊姆岩土中被發現，同區生有澳洲柏（Callitris）。擬鬥牛犬蟻只在土壤濕潤時建築巢穴。入口不易發現，寬度只有4-6mm，位於落葉堆之下，且不存在任何丘狀或堆疊的土壤，但守衛倒是滿常見。擬鬥牛犬蟻的巢穴只有一個廊道，直徑4-5mm。此廊道向下急墜，通到一個橢圓且水平的巢室，直徑30-50mm，高度5-10mm。此巢室通常位於土表之下18-43cm處。
行為及生態學
覓食行為、食性及獵食者
工蟻取食花粉（nectarivores），會在尤加利樹上覓食並為幼蟲尋找獵物。然而，工蟻也會取食獵物的血淋巴液，甚至在人工飼養的群落中，蟻后曾被觀察到取食蒼蠅。捕捉到的獵物會餵給他們肉食性的幼蟲。工蟻會在落葉堆裡面尋找小型節肢動物，例如果蠅屬（Drosophila）、小蛾（Microlepidoptera）或蜘蛛。獵物通常小於4mm，工蟻會用大顎及前足壓制獵物，並以螫針殺死。工蟻也會取食甜的物質，例如介殼蟲或其他半翅目分泌的蜜露，單次的取食時間可達30分鐘。如果食物短缺，蛹會被當成獵物餵給幼蟲。工蟻能夠產下未受精卵來餵食幼蟲，也就是營養卵（trophic eggs）。有時候成蟲也會取食營養卵。工蟻會給予巢中的同伴食物，包括有翅型及幼蟲；工蟻會取食幼蟲由肛門排出的液體。
擬鬥牛犬蟻屬中不存在年齡多型性（Age caste polyethism），也就是年輕工蟻在巢中照顧幼蟲，年長工蟻出外覓食。除了擬鬥牛犬蟻之外，唯一已知不存在年齡多型性的螞蟻是Stigmatomma pallipes。工蟻為非兼性夜行性，只在寒冷的夜晚離開巢穴。他們在5-10 °C （41–50 °F） 時最活躍，在溫暖的夜晚中，幾乎不會看見他們。之所以擬鬥牛犬蟻只在寒冷的夜晚行動，可能是因為在這個時刻，他們會遇到比較少且比較沒那麼強勢的競爭者，例如其他日夜皆會活動的優勢種螞蟻。較低的氣溫也可以阻礙獵物逃脫，也就是提高工蟻獵食的成功率。工蟻留在樹上直到黎明，除非捕捉到獵物，他們可能藉由日光來導向以返回巢穴。沒有證據顯示工蟻覓食時會用化學物質留下一條路徑，他們是利用視覺來搜索周圍環境。然而，在辨認巢穴入口的時候，化學物質可能扮演重要的角色。擬鬥牛犬蟻獨自覓食。沒用的物質，例如死去的巢友、繭殼、剩餘的食物，會被丟到遠離巢的地方。
來自不同群落的擬鬥牛犬蟻之間沒有攻擊性，所以可以在同一棵樹上一起覓食，但是如果外來的群落工蟻試圖進入巢穴，他們會被攻擊。巨山蟻屬或虹琉璃蟻屬（Iridomyrmex）可能會對擬鬥牛犬蟻造成威脅；在外覓食的擬鬥牛犬蟻工蟻如果遭遇虹琉璃蟻，就會被劇烈的攻擊並殺死。擬鬥牛犬蟻面對這種情況時，會從大顎腺及杜佛氏腺分泌警戒費洛蒙。工蟻也會張開大顎呈現威嚇姿態或故意從樹上掉落並靜止不動，直到威脅消失。綜上所述，擬鬥牛犬蟻是一種膽小的螞蟻。
生命週期及繁殖
婚飛行為（處女蟻后及雄蟻離開巢穴並交配），並不存在於擬鬥牛犬蟻中。但他們會長距的播遷（走離巢穴一定距離並交配），時間推測在夏末或秋天，但有時候群落會在冬天進行，有翅型在三、四月出現。有翅型在一月左右出生，在他們開始交配時還很年輕。蟻后會在植物附近試圖拍打他們的退化的翅膀，此行為也在某些短翅的鬥牛犬蟻蟻后中被觀察到。有鑑於蟻后的短翅，他們可能藉由釋放性費洛蒙或爬到植物上面來吸引擁有完整翅膀的雄蟻。
擬鬥牛犬蟻的蟻后會和一個以上的雄蟻交配（polyandrous）。在一篇群落數目為32的研究中，一隻蟻后平均和1.37隻雄蟻交配。交配之後，新建群落中可存在一隻以上的蟻后，當群落成熟後，多餘的蟻后會被殺死直到僅剩一隻，也就是單后型群落（ monogynous）。蟻后間會爭奪主導權，而輸的蟻后會被工蟻丟到巢穴外。一個沒有蟻后的群落會接受落單的蟻后及工蟻。在新建群落中，蟻后會和工蟻一起出外覓食，如此就可確保幼蟲得到足夠的食物。有時候蟻后會在晚上獨自離開巢穴，為她自己尋找食物及水。
在4月至9月，群落中不會有卵。擬鬥牛犬蟻在12月底產卵，直到隔年3月才會蛹化，在後年2月中羽化成成蟲。擬鬥牛犬蟻一季只會產下一個世代，有時候甚至要花12個月卵才會羽化成成蟲。成蟲可被分為juveniles 及 post-juveniles二種：juveniles是還沒度冬過的工蟻，而 post-juveniles 是度冬過的工蟻。蛹通常度冬後才開始羽化，也就是新世代的卵被產下的時候。工蟻能產下會孵化的卵，但是目前不知道卵會發育成雄蟲、雌蟲，或是兩者皆可能，而不能確定的理由是，有些群落表現出極高的基因多樣性，工蟻可以和雄蟻交配，成為補充繁殖型。
卵散佈在巢穴中，而卵及蛹被分堆擺放。幼蟲能夠在巢穴中爬行。當幼蟲準備要作繭時，他們會腫大，接下來工蟻會將他們埋在土中，幼蟲就能開始作繭。體型小且較不具攻擊性的工蟻會幫助剛羽化的工蟻離開他們的繭。一個成熟的群落可包含50至100隻成蟲。在某些巢中，新的群落可能在舊群落中建立：當蟻后死去，群落可能會被她的其中一個女兒接手，或是被新的已交配蟻后接手，她們會限制工蟻產卵，這兩種方式能夠無限期的延續群落的生命週期。
與人類的關係
保育
直到1977年的再發現，昆蟲學家們擔心擬鬥牛犬蟻可能已經滅絕。此物種在西澳的 Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 中被列為須保護的物種。在1996年，國際自然保護聯盟IUCN，將擬鬥牛犬蟻列為瀕危物種，並提到已知的群落數量極少。然而，在 Threatened Species Scientific Committee 的 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 中，擬鬥牛犬蟻並不符合被列入的資格，這是因為沒有足夠的證據顯示他們的數量正在減少。擬鬥牛犬蟻的群落本來就較小，且由於他們偏好古老的尤加利樹林，分布範圍可能橫跨南澳。根據目前已知的18個地點，以及發現更多地點的可能性，擬鬥牛犬蟻滅絕的可能不是那麼的高，但目前並不知道他們到底有多麼廣布，科學家們也還沒搞清楚有哪些因子可能威脅他們的存亡。雖然可能的威脅還不明確，但是有可能的人為因素有棲地破壞，和鐵路、公路、小麥田所造成的棲地破碎化。
在西普徹拉的塞杜納鎮，在裝設地下電話線的過程中，該區域被剷平並燒毀，當地的螞蟻幾乎被完全殲滅，但在未被摧毀的地區中還是能發現數量不少的螞蟻。擬鬥牛犬蟻無法活過清除樹木的過程，因為他們需要樹冠層來引導他們方向。森林大火是另一個威脅他們存亡的大因素，可以摧毀他們的食物來源，包括他們用以覓食的樹木，也會削減族群的人口數。雖然群落能在森林大火後恢復，但更大更頻繁的森林大火會對群落造成極大的壓力。然而，如果森林大火發生時，工蟻待在巢穴之中，他們就能夠幸免於難。由於他們依賴低溫以覓食，氣候變遷可能威脅他們的存亡。氣溫上升會阻礙工蟻覓食，也會減少適合此物種居住的環境。從南冰洋吹來了冷風給予擬鬥牛犬蟻他們所需的低溫，因此海溫上升可能會對其造成威脅。
保育學家提到，保護棲地及防止氣候變遷能確保擬鬥牛犬蟻的存亡。保育學家同時提倡保護剩下的尤加利樹林，並增強樹林及林下的結構。由於大多數已知的擬鬥牛犬蟻都在保留區之外，道路旁邊被發現，因此必須有特別的保育計畫，包括讓當地人注意擬鬥牛犬蟻的存在、保育地位及棲地需求，這將導致未來在土地使用上，必須做出更適當的決定。並非所有的群落都在非保留區之外發現，Lake Gilles Conservation Park 及 Chadinga Conservation Reserve 中也發現群落的存在。更多有關擬鬥牛犬蟻地理分布的研究還待進行。
重要性
大眼擬鬥牛犬蟻被公認為現存最原始的螞蟻，因此，激起了昆蟲社群的好奇。伴隨著擬鬥牛犬蟻的再發現，澳洲、美國及歐洲螞蟻學者們展開了一系列嚴格且長期的研究，擬鬥牛犬蟻在短時間內成為了地球上被研究的最徹底的螞蟻物種之一。擬鬥牛犬蟻飼養容易，且對於昆蟲研究，其具有成為一有力素材的潛力，例如對於夜視能力的研究。普徹拉由於擬鬥牛犬蟻的再發現，吸引了全球的螞蟻學家們，且可能是世界上唯一由於螞蟻成名的地點。普徹拉採用擬鬥牛犬蟻的圖像作為徽幟，藉以吸引更多的遊客。擬鬥牛犬蟻的圖像被貼在人行道上，雕像豎立在鎮中。
補充
參考資料
參考文本
外部連結
Nothomyrmecia at Arkive.org
蟻科
蟻科亞科
鬥牛犬蟻亞科
極危昆蟲
澳洲膜翅目
澳洲原生種
活化石 |
Paul Edwin Trimble (March 24, 1913 – November 16, 2005) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as the 10th Vice Commandant from 1966 to 1970. He was born in Agenda, Kansas and was raised in Milaca, Minnesota.
Trimble earned a B.S. degree from the United States Coast Guard Academy in June 1936 and later received an M.B.A. with Distinction from the Harvard Business School in June 1942.
References
1913 births
2005 deaths
United States Coast Guard Academy alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
United States Coast Guard admirals
Recipients of the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Vice Commandants of the United States Coast Guard |
A color wheel or colour wheel is an illustration of color hues around a circle.
Color wheel or colour wheel may also refer to:
Color wheel (optics), a device that uses different optics filters within a light beam
The Color Wheel, a 2011 American film
See also
Chromatic circle, in music
Color wheel graphs of complex functions, in complex analysis
Color triangle, an arrangement of colors within a triangle |
大連萬達商業管理集團股份有限公司（港交所除牌前3699.HK）是萬達集團旗下的商业运营管理企业，主要在中國從事商業地產投資及營運。万达商业地产股份有限公司是全球规模最大的不动产企业，也是大连万达集团旗下商业地产投资及运营的唯一业务平台，公司注册资本为452,734.76万元。本公司成立于2002年9月，2009年12月整体变更为股份有限公司，2014年12月23日在香港联交所上市（股票代码为3699.HK），2016年9月27日，万达商业自香港联交所退市。现任董事长为丁本锡。
概况
万达商业核心产品为以“万达广场”命名的万达城市综合体，公司业务包括三个主要板块：1、开发、租赁和管理持有作为长期投资的商业物业，主要为购物中心；2、开发及销售物业，包括商铺、写字楼、SOHO、住宅楼等；3、开发及经营豪华酒店。
2014年12月，萬達商業在香港進行公開招股，發售6億股，每股售價為41.8至49.6港元，集資最多38.36亿美元。萬達商業引入了12名基石投資者。上市後，萬達商業持有萬達酒店發展65.04%的股權。
2016年5月30日大連萬達集團己每股52.8元，收購萬達商業全部已發行的6.52億股H股佔14.41%，總代價344.55億港幣私有化萬達商業。
公司2015年收入为1242亿人民币，核心净利润170亿人民币。
截至2016年12月31日，万达商业已开业185个万达广场（含万达茂）。
2018年1月，騰訊、蘇寧、京東及融創中國，相當於418億港元，收購萬達商業香港H股退市時引入的投資人持有的約14%股份。。
引入新戰略投資者後，萬達商業將更名為萬達商管集團，1至2年内消化房地産業務，萬達商管今後不再進行房地産開發，成為純粹的商業管理運營企業，各方將推動萬達商管集團盡快上市。
2018年12月5日永輝超市以每股轉讓價為52元，斥資35.31億元人民幣從大連一方集團手上購入其持有的萬達商業6791.02萬股，佔萬達商管總股本的1.5%。
萬達商管戰略股東持股比例
騰訊（持股4.12%）100億人民幣
蘇寧（持股3.91%）95億人民幣
融創中國（持股3.91%）95億人民幣
京東（持股2.06%）50億人民幣
參考
外部連結
萬達商業
萬達商業招股章程
中國房地產開發公司
大連公司
万达集团
前恒生中國企業指數成份股
中國民營企業
2002年成立的公司
香港交易所已除牌公司
2014年首次公開募股 |
（学名：Sanguinicola）是前哑口血居科下的一个属。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
阿根廷血居吸虫 Sanguinicola argentinensis Szidat, 1951
Sanguinicola armatus Plehn, 1905
Sanguinicola chalmersi Odhner, 1924
Sanguinicola clarias Imam, Marzouk, Hassan & Itman, 1984
Sanguinicola cristafer (Erickson & Wallace, 1959) Erickson & Wallace, 1959
东山血居吸虫 Sanguinicola dongshanensis Qian & Lang, 1995
Sanguinicola fontinalis Hoffman, Fried & Harvey, 1985
Sanguinicola hasegawai Shimazu, 2013
Sanguinicola huronis Fischthal, 1949
Sanguinicola idahoensis Schell, 1974
Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905
Sanguinicola intermedius Ejsmont, 1926
Sanguinicola lophophorus Erickson & Wallace, 1959
Sanguinicola lungensis Tang & Ling, 1975
Sanguinicola magnus Hu, Long & Lee, 1965
Sanguinicola maritimus Nolan & Cribb, 2005
Sanguinicola megalobramae Lee, 1980
Sanguinicola occidentalis van Cleave & Mueller, 1932
Sanguinicola rhodei Wang, 1983
Sanguinicola rutili Simon-Martin, Rojo-Vazquez & Simon-Vicente, 1987
Sanguinicola sanliensis Wang, 1982
Sanguinicola shantsuensis Lung & Shen, 1966
Sanguinicola skrjabini Akhmerov, 1960
Sanguinicola ugui Shimazu, 2007
Sanguinicola volgensis'' (Rašín, 1929) McIntosh, 1934
参考文献
X
X |
《Sexy Love》是一首R&B曲風的單曲，收錄於Ne-Yo的出道專輯《In My Own Words》，這首單曲曾獲得告示牌百大單曲榜排名第7名，而實體專輯亦在多處發行並獲得不錯的音源成績。
詞曲
《Sexy Love》以降E大調創作，拍號為每分鐘94拍。歌曲按照A♭ - B♭ - Gm7的和弦进行，音域範圍為G4 至 B5.
榜單成績和銷售認證
週榜單
年終榜單
銷售認證
參考來源
外部連結
2006年單曲
2006年歌曲 |
产后极度虚弱的治疗和预防方法？积极治疗各种原发病，去除诱发因素，防止感染。对于席汉氏综合征，要注意产前检查、分娩准备，防止产后出血的出现，可以有效的减少席汉氏综合征的发生。 |
胃溃疡的起因？越来越多的人患上了胃溃疡，胃病一直是困扰当代人的一个问题，如今生活节奏快，工作压力大，忙碌的生活经常会让人们忘了吃饭，甚至吃不上饭。营养不均衡最先显现出来的就是胃。胃不能好好工作了，那么我们的身体机能也就不能得到很好的运行。胃溃疡的起因是很多人都想要去了解的问题。胃溃疡的病因还是比较多的，很多人群就是用量不当不能够坚持服用药物，频繁的服用各种药物之后就会出现了胃溃疡的症状。长期大量使用抗生素一般都会引起人体胃痛或者是不适应的症状，严重的患者就会出现胃溃疡，黑便吐血等，做胃镜检查的时候，会发现人体胃粘膜一些炎症糜烂的症状的形成。消炎药物也是对人体的胃部会造成一定不适应的症状的。化疗药物和一些抗癌药物都是对人体肠胃会造成一定的刺激性。有一部分人群会出现胃溃疡主要是精神因素导致的长期精神紧张焦虑或者是情绪波动比较大，特别容易出现消化性溃疡症状。主要是迷走神经过度兴奋，胃酸分泌过多，最后就会出现胃黏膜损伤溃疡的症状。胃溃疡的发病通常都是跟个人的生活习惯有很多的关系，很多人因为工作的原因饮食不规律，暴饮暴食这样对人体胃黏膜会造成一定的损伤，最后就会出现了胃溃疡的症状。胃溃疡对人体影响还是比较大的，一定要引起注意，为了预防出现胃溃疡的，平常生活中应该养成一个规律性的生活习惯，不要暴饮暴食。生活中也需要调节个人情绪，避免太过于焦虑。患者注意个人的饮食习惯，不要接触刺激性的食物。如果胃溃疡情况严重一定要及时前往医院进行治疗。 |
Yoga nidra (, ) or yogic sleep in modern usage is a state of consciousness between waking and sleeping, typically induced by a guided meditation.
A state called yoga nidra is mentioned in the Upanishads and the Mahabharata, while a goddess named Yoganidrā appears in the Devīmāhātmya. Yoga nidra is linked to meditation in Shaiva and Buddhist tantras, while some medieval hatha yoga texts use "yoganidra" as a synonym for the deep meditative state of samadhi. These texts however offer no precedent for the modern technique of guided meditation. That derives from 19th and 20th century Western "proprioceptive relaxation" as described by practitioners such as Annie Payson Call and Edmund Jacobson.
The modern form of the technique, pioneered by Dennis Boyes in 1973, made widely known by Satyananda Saraswati in 1976, and then by Swami Rama, Richard Miller, and others has spread worldwide. It is applied by the US Army to assist soldiers to recover from post-traumatic stress disorder. There is limited scientific evidence that the technique helps relieve stress.
Historical usage
Ancient times
The Hindu epic Mahabharata, completed by the 3rd century CE, mentions a state called "yoganidra", and associates it with Lord Vishnu:
The Devīmāhātmya, written around the 6th century CE, mentions a goddess whose name is Yoganidrā. The god Brahma asks Yoganidrā to wake up Vishnu to go and fight the Asuras or demigods named Madhu and Kaitabha. These early mentions do not define any yoga technique or practice, but describe the god Vishnu's transcendental sleep in between the Yugas, the cycles of the universe, and the manifestation of the goddess as sleep itself.
Medieval practices
Yoganidra is first linked to meditation in Shaiva and Buddhist tantras. In the Shaiva text Ciñcinīmatasārasamuccaya (7.164), yoganidra is called "peace beyond words"; in the Mahāmāyātantra (2.19ab) it is named as a state in which perfected Buddhas may access secret knowledge. In the 11th or 12th century, yoganidra is first used in Hatha yoga and Raja yoga texts as a synonym for samadhi, a deep state of meditative consciousness where the yogi no longer thinks, moves, or breathes. The Amanaska (2.64) asserts that "Just as someone who has suddenly arisen from sleep becomes aware of sense objects, so the yogin wakes up from that [world of sense objects] at the end of his yogic sleep."
By the 14th century, the Yogatārāvalī (24–26) gives a more detailed description, stating that yoganidra "removes all thought of the world of multiplicity" in the advanced yogi who has completely uprooted his "network of Karma". He then enters the "fourth state", namely turiya or samadhi, beyond the usual states of waking, dreaming, and deep sleep, "that special thoughtless sleep, which consists of [just] consciousness." The 15th century Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā goes further, stating (4.49) that "One should practice Khecarī Mudrā until one is asleep in yoga. For one who has achieved Yoganidrā, death never occurs." Khecarī Mudrā is the Hatha yoga practice of folding the tongue back so that it reaches inside the nasal cavity, where it can enable the yogi to reach samadhi. In the 17th century Haṭha Ratnāvalī (3.70), Yoganidrasana is first described. It is an asana or yoga pose where the legs are wrapped around the back of the neck. The text says that the yogi should sleep in this position, which "bestows bliss". These texts view yoganidra as a state, not a practice in itself.
Modern usage
Western "relaxationism"
The yoga scholar Mark Singleton states that while relaxation is a primary feature of modern Western yoga, its relaxation techniques "have no precedent in the pre-modern yoga tradition", but derive mostly from 19th and 20th century Western "proprioceptive relaxation". This prescriptive approach was described by authors such as the "relaxationist" Annie Payson Call in her 1891 book Power through Repose, and the Chicago psychiatrist Edmund Jacobson, the creator of progressive muscle relaxation and biofeedback, in his 1934 book You Must Relax!.
Dennis Boyes
In 1973, Dennis Boyes published his book Le Yoga du sommeil éveillé; méthode de relaxation, yoga nidra ("The Yoga of Waking Sleep: method of relaxation, yoga nidra") in Paris, France. This is the first known usage of "yoga nidra" in a modern sense. In the book, Boyes makes use of relaxation techniques including the direction of attention to each part of the body:
The French journal Revue 3e Millénaire, reviewing Boyes's approach in 1984, writes that Boyes proposes relaxation in order to "reach the state of emptiness". The person thus imperceptibly moves to a stage where relaxation becomes meditation, and can remain there once the mind's obsession with external objects or thoughts is removed.
Satyananda
In modern times, Satyananda Saraswati claimed to have experienced yoga nidra when he was living with his guru Sivananda Saraswati in Rishikesh. In 1976, he constructed a system of relaxation through guided meditation, which he popularized in the mid-20th century. He explained yoga nidra as a state of mind between wakefulness and sleep that opened deep phases of the mind, suggesting a connection with the ancient tantric practice called nyasa, whereby Sanskrit mantras are mentally placed within specific body parts, while meditating on each part (of the bodymind). The form of practice taught by Satyananda includes eight stages (internalisation, resolve (sankalpa), rotation of consciousness, breath awareness, manifestation of opposites, creative visualization, repeated resolve (sankalpa) and externalisation). Satyananda used this technique, along with suggestion, on the child who was to become his successor, Niranjanananda Saraswati, from the age of four. He claimed to have taught him several languages by this method.
Satyananda's multi-stage yoga nidra technique is not found in ancient or medieval texts. However, the yoga scholars Jason Birch and Jacqueline Hargreaves note that there are analogues for several of his yoga nidra activities.
Yoga nidra in this modern sense is a state in which the body is completely relaxed, and the practitioner becomes systematically and increasingly aware of the inner world by following a set of verbal instructions. This state of consciousness is different from meditation, in which concentration on a single focus is required. In yoga nidra the practitioner remains in a state of light withdrawal of the 5 senses (pratyahara) with four senses internalised, that is, withdrawn, and only hearing still connects to any instructions given.
Swami Rama
Swami Rama taught a form of yoga nidra (in a broad sense) which involves an exercise called shavayatra, "inner pilgrimage [through the body]", which directs the attention around "61 sacred points of the body" during relaxation in shavasana, corpse pose. A second exercise, shithali karana, is said to induce "a very deep state of relaxation", and is described as a preliminary for yoga nidra (in a narrow sense). It too is performed in shavasana, involving exhalations imagined as directed from the crown of the head to different points around the body, each repeated 5 or 10 times. The yoga nidra exercise itself involves directed breathing lying on the left side, then the right side, then in shavasana. When in shavasana, the attention is directed in turn to the eyebrow, throat, and heart centres or chakras.
Richard Miller
The western pioneer of yoga as therapy, Richard Miller, has developed the use of yoga nidra for rehabilitating soldiers in pain, using the Integrative Restoration (iRest) methodology. Miller worked with Walter Reed Army Medical Center and the United States Department of Defense studying the efficacy of the approach. According to Yoga Journal, "Miller is responsible for bringing the practice to a remarkable variety of nontraditional settings" which includes "military bases and in veterans' clinics, homeless shelters, Montessori schools, Head Start programs, hospitals, hospices, chemical dependency centers, and jails." The iRest protocol was used with soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Surgeon General of the United States Army endorsed Yoga Nidra as a complementary alternative medicine (CAM) for chronic pain in 2010.
Post-lineage yoga nidra
In 2021, the yoga teachers Uma Dinsmore-Tuli and Nirlipta Tuli jointly published a "declaration of independence for Yoga Nidrā Shakti". In it they stated that yoga nidra had become commodified and promoted by commercial organisations for profit; that abuse had taken place within those organisations; and that the organisations had propagated origin stories for yoga nidra "that privilege their own founders" and exclude or neglect older roots of the practice. They state their shock at abuses by Satyananda, Swami Rama, Amrit Desai, and Richard Miller. They invite practitioners and teachers to learn about the history of yoga nidra outside organisational boundaries, and to work without "trademarked versions" of the practice.
Reception
The Mindful Yoga teacher Anne Cushman states that "This body-sensing journey [that I teach in Mindful Yoga] ... is one variation of the ancient practice of Yoga nidra ... and of the body-scan technique commonly used in the Buddhist Vipassana tradition."
The cultural historian Alistair Shearer writes that the name yoga nidra is an umbrella term for different systems of "progressive relaxation or 'guided meditation'." He comments that Satyananda promoted his version of yoga nidra, claiming it was ancient, when its connections to ancient texts "seem vague at best". Shearer writes that other teachers have defined yoga nidra as "the state of conscious sleep" in which inner awareness is maintained, without reference to Satyananda's method of progressive relaxation by directing attention to different parts of the body. Shearer attributes this "inner lucidity" to the buddhi (intellect, literally "wakefulness") of Sankhya philosophy. He compares buddhi to the "intellect" discussed by Saint Augustine and the Apostolic Fathers at about the same time as Patanjali's Yoga Sutra.
Sometimes called yogic sleep, yoga nidra is defined by yoga master Anandmurti Gurumaa as “a kind of deep sleep in which you don’t lose consciousness.” As well as creating a more restorative state of relaxation, Gurumaa also explains that yoga nidra can relieve stress, frustration and insomnia as well as muscular, emotional and mental tensions. In short, in can help us all deal better with the stress of modern life.
Scientific evidence
Scientific evidence for the action of yoga nidra is patchy. Parker (2019) conducted a single-observation study of a famous yogi; in it, Swami Rama demonstrated conscious entry into NREM delta wave sleep through yoga nidra, while a disciple produced delta and theta waves even with eyes open and talking. A therapeutic model was developed by Datta and Colleagues (2017) and the same appeared to be useful for insomnia patients. Datta and colleagues (2022) report a beneficial effect of yoga nidra on the sleep of 45 male athletes, noting that sportsmen often have sleep problems. Their small randomised controlled trial found improvements in subjective sleep onset latency, time in bed, and sleep efficiency with 4 weeks of yoga nidra compared to progressive muscular relaxation (used as the control).
Primary research, sometimes on a small scale, has been conducted on various aspects of yoga nidra. One found an association of yoga nidra meditation with increased endogenous dopamine release in the ventral striatum of the brain. The reduced desire for action in the state is associated with the reduced flow of blood in parts of the brain connected with controlling actions, the prefrontal cortex, the cerebellum and the subcortex. Another study reported that yoga nidra improves heart rate variability, a measure of balance in the autonomic nervous system, whether or not it is preceded by a session of hatha yoga asanas. Another study, sponsored by Rishi Chaitanya Ashram, reported significant reduction in blood pressure and Hs-CRP in the yoga nidra group compared to the control group.
Informal studies have suggested possible benefits of yoga nidra, without the large scale or strictly controlled trials that would be required to demonstrate medical benefit. A study suggested that regular practice of yoga relaxation could reduce tension and anxiety, while autonomic symptoms of high anxiety such as headache, giddiness, chest pain, palpitations, sweating and abdominal pain appeared to respond well. The approach has been used to help soldiers from war cope with posttraumatic stress disorder. A 2019 study suggests that yoga nidra can alleviate stress and improve self-esteem of university students.
See also
Dream yoga
Notes
References
External links
Systematic review articles on Yoga Nidra indexed by Google Scholar
Yoga Nidra sleep has the power to positively impact every aspect of your life. It provides a sanctuary of calmness amidst the chaos, allowing you to release stress, access deep relaxation, and tap into your inner resources. Whether you seek physical relaxation, emotional balance, heightened creativity, or spiritual growth, Yoga Nidra sleep can be a catalyst for profound transformation.
Sleep
Yoga as therapy |
老年性耳聋的病理生理是什么?？其发病机制尚不清楚，似与遗传及整个生命过程中所遭受到的各种有害因素（包括疾病、精神创伤等）影响有关。 |
病毒性丙肝会传染吗？成人病毒性丙型肝炎病情相对较轻，多数为急性无黄疸型肝炎，ALT升高为主，少数为急性黄疸型肝炎，黄疸为轻度或中度升高。可出现恶心，食欲下降，全身无力，尿黄眼黄等表现，那么病毒性丙肝会传染吗？一、病毒性丙肝会传染吗？单纯病毒性丙肝病毒感染极少引起肝功能衰竭。在自然状态下，其中仅有15%的患者能够自发清除HCV达到痊愈，在不进行抗病毒治疗干预的情况下，85%的患者则发展为慢性丙型肝炎；儿童急性感染丙型肝炎病毒后，50%可自发性清除HCV，大家知道病毒性丙肝会传染吗？丙肝与乙肝一样都是病毒性肝炎的种类，也是具有传染性的，可通过母婴、血液、性以及亲们接触进行传播，原则上来说丙肝是不会通过唾液传染的，但是丙肝患者的口水中也是含有一定的病毒的，如果如果存在时候口腔发生溃烂的话，也是很有可能被传染上的。丙肝与乙肝一样都是病毒性肝炎的种类，也是具有传染性的，可通过母婴、血液、性以及亲们接触进行传播，原则上来说丙肝是不会通过唾液传染的，但是丙肝患者的口水中也是含有一定的病毒的，如果如果存在时候口腔发生溃烂的话，也是很有可能被传染上的。二、病毒性丙肝的传染发病率如何？丙肝与乙肝一样都是病毒性肝炎的种类，也是具有传染性的，可通过母婴、血液、性以及亲们接触进行传播，原则上来说丙肝是不会通过唾液传染的，但是丙肝患者的口水中也是含有一定的病毒的，如果如果存在时候口腔发生溃烂的话，也是很有可能被传染上的。 |
Aristolaos (, 350? BC) was a Greek painter of high caliber who lived in Sicyon, and who was the son and pupil of the painter Pausias.
According to Pliny he was a very austere painter. He tried to improve the work of his father, The Sacrifice of Oxen. Works by Aristolaos include Theseus, Pericles, Epaminondas, Medea, and Attic Demos.
External links
Ancient Greek Pottery Painters
References
Ancient Greek painters
4th-century BC painters |
姚广（），原名姚广禄，山西昔阳人，中华人民共和国政治人物、外交官。
生平
民国时期
1937年11月，参加山西昔阳抗日游击队。1937年12月，加入中国共产党。1938年春，进入抗日军政大学学习，后在河北邢台和沙河县八路军工作团工作，任区委书记。1940年至1943年任晋冀豫区中共涉县区委书记、县委委员。1943年至1947年，任中共河南林县县委组织部部长、县委书记（1944年10月至194年6月，任中共林北县县委书记）。1947年至1950年，任中共晋冀鲁豫中央局、中共中央华北局政策研究室研究员。
共和国时期
1950年至1952年，任中央人民政府华北事务部农业组秘书。1952年至1954年，任政务院华北行政委员会、华北行政委员会农林水利局处长、副局长。1954年至1955年，任湖北省政府外事处处长。1955年至1957年，任外交部西欧司副司长。1957年至1962年，任参赞。1962年至1970年，任外交部第二亚洲司司长。1966年，担任中华人民共和国驻斯里兰卡大使。回国后，担任欧美司司长。
1970年，接替王国权担任中华人民共和国驻波兰大使。1971年，由刘述卿接任。1972年，担任中华人民共和国驻加拿大大使。1973年，担任中华人民共和国驻墨西哥大使。1977年，担任中华人民共和国驻埃及大使。1980年，担任中华人民共和国驻法国大使。1982年12月至1986年2月，任中华人民共和国外交部副部长、党委副书记（1983年9月起）。其间：1982年12月后曾兼任外交部政治部主任，1983年11月至1986年4月，兼任外交部纪律检查委员会书记。1986年2月至1988年6月，任外交部顾问。1988年4月、3月分别当选为第七届全国人大常委会委员、全国人大外事委员会副主任委员。1993年7月起任，第八届全国人大外事委员会顾问。
2003年，因病于北京去世，享年82岁。
参考资料
Guang
昔陽人
中華人民共和國駐波蘭大使
中华人民共和国外交部副部长
第七届全国人大常委会委员
中华人民共和国驻斯里兰卡大使
中華人民共和國駐加拿大大使
中華人民共和國駐墨西哥大使
中華人民共和國駐法國大使
中华人民共和国驻吉布提大使
中國共產黨黨員 (1937年入黨)
全国人大外事委员会副主任委员
中華人民共和國駐埃及大使
中华人民共和国外交部欧美司司长
中华人民共和国外交部第二亚洲司司长 |
曼陀罗 (植物)的分布是?？曼陀罗花原产于墨西哥。目前广泛分布于世界温带至热带地区。生于荒地、旱地、宅旁、向阳山坡、林缘、草地。 |
英國廣播公司第一台（，原名：）是英國廣播公司拥有并运营的一条的免费公共广播频道，以播放主流节目而闻名，其中包括BBC新闻报告、黄金时段的戏剧和娱乐节目以及BBC体育赛事直播。
它于1936年11月2日作为英國廣播公司電視服務开播，是世界上第一个具有高分辨率的常规性电视服务。随后于1960年改名为 BBC TV，并一直使用这一名称直到1964年BBC2开播。在这后更名为BBC1。该频道在1997年更名为目前的名字 BBC One。
该频道 2012-2013 年的年度预算为 11.4 亿英镑。与英国广播公司的其他国内频道与电台一样，由电视许可费资助，并在没有商业广告的情况下播放不间断的节目。截至 2019 年，该电视频道在英国所有广播公司中的覆盖率最高，领先于其收视率上的传统竞争对手 ITV。2013 年，据 Populus 民意调查组织对英國廣播公司进行的一项重大全球研究发现，BBC One 被评为世界上质量最高的电视频道，而 BBC Two 则位居第三。
历史
英國廣播公司第一台於1936年11月2日首播，當時稱為英國廣播公司電視服務（BBC Television Service）。與英國廣播公司旗下其他電視頻道一樣，製作費全來自电视授权（Television License Fee），所以本頻道沒有任何商業廣告。在二战爆发前，已经有大约25,000个家庭收看节目。1964年英國廣播公司第二台开播，英國廣播公司电视服务改为现在的名称。1997年BBC新聞頻道开播后，该频道在凌晨收播时段与其并机播出。
英國廣播公司第一台的节目十分大众化，包括戏剧、喜剧、纪录片、游戏节目和肥皂剧。包括神秘博士、東區人等長壽節目都是英國廣播公司第一台出品。英國廣播公司的主要新闻节目（BBC早餐、BBC一点新闻、BBC六點新聞、BBC十點新聞）也在第一台播出，每天4次。
2010年11月本频道在伦敦提供高清版本，2012年10月在北爱尔兰提供高清版本，2013年1月陆续在苏格兰和威尔士提供高清版本；但唯一不同的是，英格兰的高清版本不会播出地区性新闻节目，北爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士的高清版本会播出地区性新闻节目。2013年3月BBC Two推出高清版本，随后英國廣播公司於2013年7月宣布BBC Three/CBBC、BBC Four/CBeebies与BBC News高清版本，这些频道已在2013年12月推出高清版本。2012至2013財年，BBC第一台的預算是1.14億英鎊。
2013年10月8日，本频道原计划推出1小时的時移频道BBC One +1，预计2016年改用BBC Three的频谱播出；但2015年6月30日，英國廣播公司信託基金拒绝了开播BBC One +1频道的计划。
參考資料
外部連結
英国广播公司电视
1936年成立的电视台或电视频道
英國電視頻道
1936年英國建立 |
小儿低血糖症状及治疗？小孩由于年龄还比较小，肠胃功能还未发育成熟，容易患上一些疾病，比如说小儿低血糖。很多人都认为只有成年人才会得低血糖，而小孩那么小怎么就得了这种疾病了呢?它的病因在哪里呢?如果您想了解这方面的知识的话请看下面文章的介绍。低血糖是指不同原因引起的血糖浓度低于正常，出生后1～2h血糖降至最低点，然后逐渐上升，72h血浆葡萄糖正常应>2.8mmol/L(>50mg/dl)，新生儿血糖<2.2mmol/L(<40mg/dl)为低血糖，较大婴儿和儿童空腹血糖<2.8mmol/L(<50mg/dl)即为低血糖。出生婴儿血糖<2.24mmol/L(<40mg/dl)时，就应该开始积极治疗。低血糖可致脑不可逆性损害，而影响脑功能。1岁小儿为什么容易发生低血糖?1岁的小儿肠道发育不成熟，虽然小肠吸收功能好，但易发生蠕动功能紊乱。若发生腹泻、肠吸收不良综合征、肾病的水肿期，均易造成小肠对糖的吸收减少。另外，葡萄糖被肠道吸收后，有一部分要在肝脏内贮存备用。正常人的血糖浓度经常处于动态平衡状态，以保持向全身的组织，特别是要向大脑组织提供足够量的葡萄糖，作为代谢所需要的能量来源。一般进食1小时左右，肠道开始吸收葡萄糖，使血糖增高。多余的葡萄糖在肝脏经过糖原生成作用，变成糖原贮存在肝脏。当血糖下降的时候，肝脏中的糖原经过分解作用，又转变为葡萄糖进入血液，使血液中的血糖保持着正常的水平，而糖原的生成和分解又需要许多相应酶的反应而进行。1岁小儿肝脏的许多酶不够成熟，肝脏对糖原的代谢作用差，容易造成肝脏贮存糖原不足或释放葡萄糖不足而造成低血糖。经过上面文章专家的讲解后相信每个人对于小儿低血糖的病因已经非常了解了，现在大家应该不再为儿童患上低血糖感到惊奇了。另外需要提醒广大家长朋友的是，患上低血糖这个疾病需要立即到正规医院接受治疗，这样才能将病情控制住，不至于产生什么严重并发症。 |
男性内分泌失调有哪些症状？内分泌失调是生活中很长见的一种病症，产生原因很多，不及时治疗会影响到人们的工作和生活。甲状腺疾病：严重的甲状腺功能低下或甲状腺功能亢进，均可影响生殖功能。甲状腺功能低下时，睾酮合成减少，精子生成受到抑制，并发生性功能紊乱。甲状腺功能亢进时常伴有男性乳房发育、性欲减退、阳痿等。睾丸内分泌异常的病变：原发性睾丸功能低下，比较常见的有克莱恩弗尔特综合征、放射性损伤、细胞毒素损害、营养不良等；继发性睾丸功能低下，氏综合征、雄激素受体缺乏所表现的男性假两性畸形等。肾上腺疾病：阿狄森氏病肾上腺皮质功能减退症、柯兴氏综合征皮质醇增多症、女性化肾上腺皮质肿瘤、先天性肾上腺增生症、醛固酮增多症等疾病，均可造成男性不育。垂体病变：垂体功能亢进，早期可出现性欲增加、体型改变等，继而便发生性欲减退、精液异常、阳痿等并导致不育。垂体功能低下，如垂体肿瘤、炎症、手术损伤或放疗破坏垂体，致使垂体功能低下，出现性欲、性交能力降低，睾丸萎缩，精子生成障碍。垂体肿瘤可使血中催乳素水平升高，干扰的分泌而抑制睾丸生精功能及发生阳痿，从而导致男性不育。脸上长痘：从某种意义上来说，许多男孩子脸上长痘，其实就是内分泌失调造成的，只是它属于内分泌失调的轻微表现，而且是可以通过自身调整过来的。由于内分泌系统控制着人体整个生殖系统平衡，而内分泌系统出现紊乱，造成这一平衡被打乱，那么造成的后果就是各个生殖器官很可能出现不稳定的现象，其功能也会下降，最终会影响到男性的生育能力，造成男性不育。由此看来，内分泌失调对男人的危害是极大的，发现症状后，要及时到医院检查，并在医生的建议下有效地调理，让自己的身体恢复强壮。 |
勃起困难和肾虚有关吗？勃起是指男性阴茎受刺激后，在短时间内松弛开来，快速的充血，将血液灌注到海绵体内的静脉血管直到压力上升到一定的限度才停止。充满血液的阴茎海绵体会将阴茎撑起，令阴茎变硬和长，这时，勃起的阴茎就可以较自如地插入女性的阴道中，进行活塞运动性交。肾虚是会导致勃起困难。造成勃起困难的原因还有器质性原因，器质性原因造成的阳痿通常都会伴有不同程度的阳痿，比如尿道炎，前列腺炎，精囊炎，糖尿病神经病变、阴茎包皮系带过短等都是能够造成阳痿发生的。有些人有频繁手淫史，虽然手淫本身并不会直接导致阳痿的发生，但是因为长期手淫的时候怕被父母或者是同宿舍伙伴发现，于是总想快速结束，于是就养成了过早射精的习惯。有些人对性交的时候对于射出的精液看得非常重，担心性生活会对身体造成损害。过分的担心反而会导致阳痿，但过度放纵导致性功能紊乱。在女人当家的家庭，因为对妻子太过畏惧，过度崇拜，产生了强烈的自卑心理，或者是对妻子怀有潜在的敌意，这些都会造成阳痿。如果男性有过重的思想压力，也会导致男性阴茎勃起有困难，主要是因为影响了中枢神经递质的释放，交感神经的兴奋和内分泌激素的调节平衡失调。性无知或错误的性教育、心理创伤、家庭夫妇感情不和睦、疲劳、性生活环境不理想等，也是影响阴茎勃起有困难的心理因素。另外要经常的锻炼身体，坚持健身运动有益于性生活。凡是参加运动的人，与参加运动前相比，更易兴奋，更易达到性高潮。运动后人体会释放一种使人愉快的激素，同时，运动可增强心脏对性器官的供血能力，供血多，勃起时间就会长。 |
奥斯堡（德语：）是德国莱茵兰-普法尔茨州的一个市镇。总面积32.92平方公里，总人口2395人，其中男性1170人，女性1225人（2011年12月31日），人口密度73人/平方公里。
参见
莱茵兰-普法尔茨州市镇列表
参考
莱茵兰-普法尔茨州市镇 |
动眼、滑车及外展神经疾病的病因是什么？(一)动脉瘤 脑底动脉环的动脉瘤常引起眼球运动神经麻痹。海绵窦内的颈内动脉动脉瘤可引起动眼、滑车、外展神经及三叉神经眼支的麻痹，称海绵窦综合征。大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉、后交通动脉的动脉瘤均可导致动眼神经麻痹。由动脉瘤引起的动眼神经麻痹，几乎都伴有瞳孔扩大和固定、患侧眼痛或头痛。患侧眼睑下垂也较常见。动脉瘤可由DSA而确诊。(二)头颅损伤 可影响眼外肌及、、对颅神经而引起各种形式的眼肌瘫痪。眼外肌挫伤、眼眶骨折、眶尖骨折等均可引起多个眼外肌瘫痪。颈内动脉海绵窦瘘可发生搏动性眼球突出及眼外肌瘫痪。床突及颞骨岩尖部位的骨折，特别易侵犯外展神经。颅内血肿引起天幕疝时，出现同侧动眼神经麻痹和对侧偏瘫。眼内肌瘫痪有时可由眼球或睫状神经节受伤引起。(三)感染1.海绵窦综合征 由海绵窦血栓形成或血栓性海绵窦炎所引起，常继发于头面部疖肿或败血症，眼球突出并固定、瞳孔散大、球结膜及眼眶附近充血水肿;尚可出现视乳头水肿、视力减退甚至完全失明。如果海绵窦血栓阻塞重新沟通或侧枝循环建立，则眼球突出可显著减轻。一侧海绵窦血栓形成也可通过环窦于数日内扩散至对侧海绵窦而出现两侧症状。海绵窦内的炎症亦可扩散至附近组织引起脑膜炎、脑脓肿等。2.眶上裂综合征和眶尖综合征 眶上裂综合征表现为、、、V1颅神经功能障碍，但没有局部的炎症性表现;如伴有眼眶疼痛者称Tolosa-Hunt综合征。兼有视力障碍者称眶尖综合征。可由局部慢性感染引起。3.其他 动眼、滑车及外展神经的本身炎症亦可引起这些神经的麻痹。中耳炎或合并慢性乳突炎向颅内发展破坏岩骨尖时，引起患侧V、对颅神经功能障碍，称为岩骨尖综合征或Gradenigo综合征。各种颅底脑膜炎、脑炎均可发生眼肌运动障碍。(四)重症肌无力 是眼肌瘫痪的常见原因。眼外肌肉异常易疲劳，症状可因连续运动而加重，休息后减轻。晨起时症状最轻，每到下午或傍晚症状加重。(五)肿瘤 脑干肿瘤是引起、、颅神经核型麻痹的常见原因。蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤、鞍旁脑膜瘤等可直接压迫眼球运动神经。外展神经在颅内行程长，颅内高压时，甚易被压迫或受牵拉而产生外展神经麻痹。鼻咽癌可自颅底诸孔直接侵展入颅内而引起眼肌瘫痪。(六)其他 脑动脉硬化性血管病常可因血管阻塞、压迫或出血突然发生眼肌瘫痪。糖尿病可因糖尿病性缺血病变并发眼肌瘫痪。少数偏头痛患者于偏头痛发作中或发作后出现同侧程度不等的瞳孔扩大及眼外肌瘫痪。眼肌型肌营养不良症为一罕见的遗传性疾病，最后可发生全部眼外肌瘫痪。先天性眼睑下垂及眼眶内假瘤均可出现眼肌瘫痪。Wernicke脑病所出现的眼肌瘫痪是因缺乏维生素B1所引起。甲状腺机能亢进或垂体功能缺失也可产生眼肌瘫痪及眼球突出。 |
异叶泽兰（学名：）为菊科泽兰属的植物.其种加词“heterophyllum”意为“异叶的”。中国特有植物。分布在中国大陆的西藏、四川、贵州、云南等地，生长于海拔1,700米至3,000米的地区，多生于草地、山坡林下、林缘以及河谷中，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。
别名
红梗草（滇南本草）、红升麻（云南）
异名
Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. asiaticum L.
Eupatorium mairei H.Lév.
Eupatorium mairei var. heterophyllum (DC.) Karthik. & Moorthy
Eupatorium wallichii subsp. heterophyllum (DC.) Diels
参考文献
Y
Y
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李曉生（）即李鑒鎏，祖籍广东省番禺县，生于新加坡，新加坡華僑，中华民国政治人物。
生平
1906年，李曉生在新加坡见孙中山，即日在晚晴园加入中國同盟會，是中國同盟會新加坡分會的創始會員。1910年赴英国。1911年，张静江、吴稚晖等人发起组织“留英俭学会”，李曉生在伦敦与吴稚晖及其子女担任俭学会的招待者。1911年11月11日，孫中山抵達英国倫敦時，李曉生正在倫敦大學學習化學。二人見面後，李曉生即自動停課，每天赴孫中山下榻的旅館協助孙中山工作。孫中山離開倫敦時，李曉生應孫中山之邀請隨其東歸。因適逢滿籍知兵之廣州將軍鳳山至穗赴任，受胡漢民、朱執信推薦，主持任務，成功將之炸斃於南關倉前街。（參酌“我與江霞公太史父女--汪希文回憶錄”第五章）1912年1月1日，孫中山在南京就任臨時大總統，委任李曉生為秘書。
1924年至1925年，李晓生任广东大学秘书长。1927年6月17日至1928年10月23日，李晓生任南京国民政府印铸局局长。后转任立法院秘书。1931年6月20日至1932年1月21日，代理立法院秘书长。
1931年2月，蒋介石软禁立法院院长胡汉民，李晓生照料胡汉民的生活起居，是唯一获准出入胡汉民宅的人。此后，追随胡汉民南下，1932年1月起担任西南政务委员会委员，为胡汉民的亲信之一，长期奉派驻上海，主持上海“新国民党”的工作。“新国民党”的活动遭到南京方面忌恨，李晓生为安全起见，在上海广东银行、上海商业储蓄银行各租了一个保管箱，用来保存文件、帐目、收据。
1935年8月17日至1936年10月13日，李晓生任南京国民政府铨叙部政务次长。
1970年，李晓生逝世。
参考文献
延伸阅读
李纾，李晓生未完成自传稿先睹：辛亥年前的革命生涯，(新加坡)南大语言文化学报1998年第3卷（1）
李纾，辛亥年间同盟会员在伦敦活动补录，史学月刊2001年第6期
代
中華民國銓敘部次長
中国同盟会会员
中国国民党党员
倫敦大學校友
新加坡华人
番禺人
X |
The Diocese of Northampton () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in England and Wales and suffragan of Westminster. Its see is in Northampton. The Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate and St Thomas of Canterbury is the mother church of the Diocese.
Location
The diocese now covers the counties of Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire under their pre-1974 historic boundaries. Until 1976, the counties of Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk were also included; since then they have formed the Diocese of East Anglia.
History
When Augustine of Canterbury came from Rome in 597 he concentrated on the areas of Kent and Essex, but thirty years later the area that the Northampton Diocese covers finally received the Christian message, with the arrival of the missionary Birinus and the foundation of his see at Dorchester-on-Thames in 636. Nevertheless, the real evangelisation of the people who dwelt in the diocese was achieved through the labours and missionaries of the isle of Lindisfarne, off the Northumbrian coast. Notable amongst them was Chad of Mercia, whose see, established at Lichfield in 669, included the present diocese of Northampton.
From the time of the Reformation until 1850, Catholic dioceses ceased to exist in Britain. However, in 1688 England was divided into four Apostolic vicariates, with Northampton under the authority of the Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District. In 1840, the Apostolic Vicariate of the Eastern District was created out of the Midland District. On the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX on 29 September 1850, most of the Eastern District became the Diocese of Northampton. Its first bishop was William Wareing, previously Vicar Apostolic of the Eastern District.
On 13 March 1976, by decree Quod Ecumenicum, Pope Paul VI formed the Diocese of East Anglia for the counties of Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk by detaching these counties from the Diocese of Northampton.
Diocesan coat of arms
The motto under the shield translates as 'Beneath Thy Protection'. On the shield are lilies and choughs, which are symbols of the two patrons of the diocese, and of the cathedral, Blessed Virgin Mary and Thomas of Canterbury.
Bishops
Bishop Patrick Leo McCartie was a bishop emeritus of Northampton, having retired on 29 March 2001 after serving the diocese for 11 years. He was succeeded by bishop Kevin John Patrick McDonald, who went on to be appointed Archbishop of Southwark on 6 November 2003. Bishop McCartie died on 22 April 2020.
The next Bishop of Northampton was Peter John Haworth Doyle, born on 3 May 1944 at Wilpshire, near Blackburn in Lancashire. He retired on 8 January 2020, with David James Oakley being appointed at that time as successor.
Ordinaries
William Wareing (appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Eastern District on 5 June 1840, elevated Bishop of Northampton on 29 September 1850 – resigned on 21 December 1858)
Francis Kerril Amherst (appointed on 14 May 1858 – resigned 16 October 1879)
Arthur George Riddell (appointed on 27 April 1880 – died in office on 15 September 1907)
Frederick William Keating (appointed on 5 February 1908 – translated to the Archdiocese of Liverpool on 13 June 1921)
Dudley Charles Cary-Elwes (appointed on 21 November 1921 – died in office on 1 May 1932)
Laurence William Youens (appointed on 16 June 1933 – died in office on 14 November 1939)
Thomas Leo Parker (appointed on 14 December 1940 – retired 17 January 1967)
Charles Alexander Grant (appointed on 14 March 1967 – retired 16 February 1982)
Francis Gerard Thomas (appointed on 27 August 1982 – died in office on 25 December 1988)
Patrick Leo McCartie (appointed on 20 February 1990 – retired 29 March 2001)
Kevin John Patrick McDonald (appointed on 29 March 2001 – translated to the Archdiocese of Southwark on 6 November 2003)
Peter John Haworth Doyle (appointed on 24 May 2005 – retired on 8 January 2020)
David James Oakley (appointed on 8 January 2020 – present)
Auxiliary bishops
Alan Charles Clark (1969-1976), appointed Bishop of East Anglia
Charles Alexander Grant (1961-1967), appointed Bishop of Northampton
Other priest of this diocese who became bishop
Joseph Edward Rudderham, appointed Bishop of Clifton in 1949
Statistics
The estimated Catholic population of the diocese in 2004 was 173,539 while the total population in the diocesan territory was 2,000,769. The diocese covers a territory of 5,532 km² and has 68 parishes.
Secondary Schools
Catholic secondary schools located within the diocese include:
St Bernard's Catholic Grammar School, Slough
St Michael's Catholic School, High Wycombe
St Thomas More Catholic School, Bedford
Thomas Becket Catholic School, Northampton
Thornton College, near Buckingham
Pilgrimage
The Northampton Diocese makes up part of the Catholic Association Pilgrimage.
Shrines
The Diocese of Northampton has two official shrines. In 2006, Our Lady of Perpetual Succour Church, Great Billing was made a diocesan shrine. On 29 September 2012, Bishop Peter Doyle made the Church of the Holy Child and St Joseph in Bedford a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe, after a receiving the image from the Archbishop of Westminster Vincent Nichols.
See also
Catholic Church in England and Wales
List of Catholic churches in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Diocese of Northampton
Northampton Cathedral
Diocese of Northampton in www.catholic-hierarchy.org
Religion in Bedfordshire
Religion in Northamptonshire
Christianity in Northampton
Pope Pius IX
Northmapton |
长渝高速动车组列车是中国铁路运行于湖南省省会长沙市长沙南站至直辖市重庆市重庆西站间的高速动车组列车，现每天开行1对列车，由广州局集团长沙客运段担当。其中长沙南站至重庆西站运行6小时6分，使用车次为G2151/2154次；重庆西站至长沙南站运行5小时38分，使用车次为G2153/2152次。
历史
2017年12月28日，配合渝贵铁路开通，新增长沙南~重庆西G2151/2154、G2153/2152次列车。但由于重庆西站未能按时启用，列车暂未正式开行。2018年1月25日，重庆西站启用，本对列车正式开行。
时刻表
以下数据截至2022年1月10日：
使用列车
本对列车使用配属广州局集团长沙动车运用所的CRH3C，重联运行。
参考资料
G
G |
Malleval () is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Loire department
References
Communes of Loire (department) |
结节病性心肌病的预防和治疗方法？(一)治疗1.皮质类固醇 为结节性心脏病治疗的首选药物，有助于肉芽肿的吸收并阻遏其进展为不可逆性纤维化病变。有报道接受本药物治疗者，异常心电图有改善，心肌舒缩功能提高，心肌损害缓解，存活心肌功能恢复至正常，心肌异常灌注减缓或消除，且ACE水平渐趋正常。泼尼松剂量最初用量应为60mg/d，数周后逐渐减量，最后维持量应为最低有效治疗给药量。服药时间宜久，不能随意撤药。2.纠治心律失常 结节病常合并高钙血症，并经皮质类固醇治疗后可致低钾血症，可加剧原有的心律失常。其时需按患者之病情及心律失常类型选择相应有效抗心律失常药物，以减轻症状并降低病死率。3.心脏起搏器 完全性房室传导阻滞并晕厥或阿-斯症候群发作，经药物治疗无效者应予植入永久性心脏起搏器。其时，按病情需要，仍应兼予皮质类固醇及其他有关药物治疗。若为顽固性室性快速性心律失常，且有猝死危险者，应安置植入型自动心脏复律除颤器(AICD)。4.手术 手术切除室壁瘤可消除室性心律失常。系统性结节病患者不宜接受器官移植。单纯性心脏结节病患者病情严重并已陷于终末期不可逆性心衰的年轻病员，可予心脏移植术治疗。(二)预后 Roberts认为，一旦出现心脏症状及体征，结节性心脏病的存活期仅为2年。但Fleming对此提出异议，在其报道的270例心脏结节病患者中，存活期超逾5年者达100例以上，大于10年者为36例，大于20年者为7例。室性快速性心律失常或传导阻滞以及充血性心力衰竭为其主要死亡原因。早期诊断并予有效治疗，为改善心脏结节病预后之重要因素。 |
中華人民共和國第十一屆全運會短道速滑比賽於2009年4月3日至5日在青島國信體育館舉行。結果黑龍江隊大獲全勝，囊括六個項目的金牌，王濛包辦三面金牌。
比賽成績
男子500米
男子全能
男子5000米接力
女子500米
女子全能
女子3000米接力
獎牌分佈情況
男子
女子
獎牌榜
D
中華人民共和國全運會短道速滑比賽 |
泌尿支原体感染严重吗？对于生殖道支原体感染的治疗，必须权衡利弊，慎重进行，不可过于积极。对感染者配偶或性伴的治疗也同样要慎重，关键是要针对可能合并存在的其它性病病原体感染。有许多支原体感染者，长期使用抗生素治疗，但支原体检查依然阳性，而且还出现了许多新的不适。1.一般治疗：接触隔离，用品消毒，有严重症状时，酌情采用对症处理。2.抗菌治疗：合理选择抗生素是治疗支原体感染的关键。近年来，由于抗生素的不规范使用，支原体感染的耐药菌株逐年增长，耐药类型呈复杂多样化。通常，交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素对支原体的敏感率都在90%以上，是治疗支原体的主要抗生素，其余抗生素均存在不同程度的耐药。为了避免不规范用药，应结合药敏来选择用药，以达到满意的效果。泌尿系支原体感染是由于一种名为支原体的生物体感染在阴道或尿道内引起的一种泌尿系统疾病，支原体感染是比较常见的，会引起女性盆腔炎、附件炎、输卵管炎、宫颈炎、宫颈糜烂等多种临床症状，会引起男性尿道炎、睾丸炎、精囊炎、前列腺炎等多种泌尿生殖系统疾病。支原体感染后需要及时治疗，可以去医院注射阿奇霉素治疗支原体，阿奇霉素对于支原体的杀灭有非常好的作用，在临床医生的指导下坚持用药治疗，一般可以达到治愈的目的。治疗期间不能吃辛辣有刺激性的食物，不能喝酒熬夜，这一点需要尤其注意。支原体阳性是男性常见的泌尿系感染的一种，对男性的生育有十分重要的影响，支原体是一类比细菌小比病毒大的原核生物，广泛分布于自然界，包括一些动物与人类。出现病情用中药能治疗生殖道疾病患，主要是解脲支原体。 |
大盎格利亞鐵路（Abellio Greater Anglia）是英國的一家鐵路客運公司，由阿貝里奧集團所有。大盎格利亞鐵路主要經營自倫敦利物浦街車站發往東英格蘭各地的列車的客運業務。
路線
下列為2019年5月，周一至周五的離峰時間列車
參考資料
外部連結
Abellio Greater Anglia's website
Abellio: Greater Anglia information
英國鐵路 |
浅井镇，是中华人民共和国河南省禹州市下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。
行政区划
浅井镇下辖以下地区：
。
参考资料 |
流浪犬（），又稱自由流浪犬（free-roaming dogs）、自由活動犬（free-ranging dogs）、街犬（street dogs）、遊蕩犬、野狗。泛指沒有被直接管理、活動不受限制的犬隻，其生存和活動場域可以是都市、鄉間或山區。造成流浪犬現象的主因包括飼主放養、流浪犬之間交配繁殖、惡意棄養、家犬走失等等。因此，流浪犬本身並不是根據其是否有明確飼主來定義的，而是由其活動是否被限制或管領來定義。
概要
根據國際同伴動物管理聯盟指出，流浪犬族群是由有主人和無主人的狗所組成，大致可區分為四種：
放養犬：是指有人飼養的家犬，但飼主並沒有加以限制犬隻的活動範圍，因此犬隻可以在外四處遊蕩。
走失犬：是指原來有人飼養，但後來因為某些原因走失而流落街頭。若飼主沒有為走失犬植入晶片，犬隻便可能因為身份無法被確認而導致無法被飼主尋回，最終可能要面臨成為流浪犬或者進入動物收容所的命運。
棄犬：是指被飼主惡意遺棄而流落街頭的犬隻。
無主犬／野犬：是指由有飼主或無飼主之流浪犬互相交配繁殖所產生的犬隻，從出生到長大都生活在街頭，且無明確飼主。
而在生態學研究中，科學家則傾向以生活環境的不同，把流浪犬區分為都市自由活動犬（urban free-ranging dogs）以及鄉下自由活動犬（rural free-ranging dogs），強調其對生態環境不同程度的影響以及其所展現的不同行為模式。
流浪犬的問題
若流浪犬沒有進行絕育，將會與其他流浪犬不斷互相交配繁殖。而無飼主之流浪犬在街頭上生存將會面臨食物不足、領地競爭、天災、傳染病以及人類不友善驅趕等惡劣因素威脅。
以台灣為例，2015年，台灣總共有128,473隻流浪狗；2018年，增加為146,773隻。
問題解決方式
針對流浪犬不同的源頭，必須因地制宜，多管齊下，才能達到成效。
對於減少走失、棄犬的部份，應積極落實寵物登記制度、加強教育和宣導飼主責任的重要性，並強制規定飼主及繁殖業者必須為其管領之犬隻完成植入寵物登記晶片，對不當飼養或棄養的人進行開罰。對於無主人飼養的街犬，政府應配合民間團體採取「捕捉、絕育、打疫苗、回置」（TNVR）的方式進行源頭管控，或是擴增收容所並配合安樂死，避免流浪犬不斷繁衍下去。對於絕育後無法回置的犬隻，可透過送養或收容等其他方式處理。對於放養犬的部份，
目前台灣採取的方式是下鄉絕育行動（RANA）方案，除了有效阻斷繁殖、建構防疫網，也可達到就地領養的效果，真正落實飼主責任。
對流浪犬的迷思
部份民眾認為在外遊盪的流浪犬不是棄犬就是走失犬。事實上，棄犬或走失犬其實只佔其中的小部份。由於被人類飼養的家犬長時間生活在安穩且食物充足的環境之下，一旦被拋棄或走失到陌生環境，缺乏在野外生存競爭能力的牠們幾乎十之八九最後都無法生存。例如，牠們必須面臨領域中原有的流浪犬排擠、不知道哪裡有食物來源或躲藏空間、路殺等危機。另外，也因為過去被飼養的經驗使其容易親近人類，導致較容易被捕捉進入公立收容所。
有某些團體指出，台灣流浪動物問題是由於無良的犬貓繁殖業者不當棄養造成。但事實上，繁殖場裡的犬種以純種犬為主，反觀進入公立收容所中的卻主要是混種犬貓。更何況，純種犬（尤其是小型純種犬）被棄養到野外也面臨著無法生存的危機，而且比起混種犬而言，純種犬通常更有機會被認定是走失犬而被人暫時收容甚至送養。根據相信動物協會統計，2016至2017兩年在北北基絕育的2705隻遊蕩母犬，比例為：野犬47.5%、放養犬33.1%、棄養／走失犬12.8%。因此，流浪犬的主要源頭應該是以習慣在野外流浪、生存及繁殖能力強的放養犬以及野犬為大宗。
亦有不少流浪犬露宿者成為朋友，2018年2月，香港一名露宿者與他露宿時所遇到的流浪犬一同接受有關動物的訪問。
有關流浪狗的立法
台灣「流浪動物零安樂死」政策於2017二月正式上路，終止十二夜。
相關條目
流浪貓
國際同伴動物管理聯盟
下鄉絕育行動
捕捉、絕育、打疫苗、回置
善待動物组織
動物權利
動物福利
參考文獻
流浪动物
狗 |
拉埃斯佩蘭薩是哥倫比亞的城鎮，位於該國東北部，由北桑坦德省負責管轄，始建於1811年，面積665平方公里，海拔高度265米，2005年人口10,889，人口密度每平方公里16.37人。
外部連結
Government of Norte de Santander - La Esperanza
哥伦比亚市镇 |
比热地区圣但尼（，），或纯音译作圣但尼昂比热，是法国东部安省的一个市镇，属于贝莱区。
地理
比热地区圣但尼（）面积，位于法国奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区安省，该省份为法国东部省份，北起汝拉省，西北接索恩-卢瓦尔省，西接罗讷省和里昂大都会，南至伊泽尔省，东与萨瓦省、上萨瓦省和瑞士接壤。
与比热地区圣但尼接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
比热地区圣但尼的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
比热地区圣但尼的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
比热地区圣但尼所属的省级选区为。
人口
比热地区圣但尼于时的人口数量为人。
参见
安省市镇列表
参考文献
安省市镇 |
Tsing Chuen Wai () is a walled village located in the Lam Tei area, in the northern part of Tuen Mun District, in Hong Kong.
Administration
Tsing Chuen Wai is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. It is one of the 36 villages represented within the Tuen Mun Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Tsing Chuen Wai is part of the Tuen Mun Rural constituency, which is currently represented by Kenneth Cheung Kam-hung.
History
Several villages of the Lam Tei area were established by the To () Clan. Originally from Poyang, Jiangxi (other sources mention Watlam in Guangxi), the To Clan moved to Ngau Tam Mei and then to Tuen Mun Tai Tsuen. Following the increase of the clan population, the village dispersed and developed into five villages in the Lam Tei area: Nai Wai, Tsing Chuen Wai, Tuen Tsz Wai, Lam Tei Tsuen and Tuen Mun San Tsuen, which were all fortified.
Tsing Chuen Wai, formerly known as Mak Yuen Wai (), was established by the To () Clan about 300 years ago. Its present name came from the fact that the village was surrounded by its protective walls made of green bricks. The Tos had conflicts with the Tang Clan of Ping Shan during the Qing Dynasty, and attacks were carried out against the walled village. Watchmen at the watchtowers were killed but Tsing Chuen Wai was never captured by the Tangs. The enclosing walls and watchtowers were torn down in the 1960s.
Tsing Chuen Wai appears on the "Map of the San-On District", published in 1866 by Simeone Volonteri.
Features
The only surviving portion of the original green-brick boundary wall at the main entrance of the Wai gives visitors an insight into the walled village's historical outlook. Tin Hau, Kwan Tai and a Qing official are worshipped in the village shrine.
Transportation
Take LRT route No. 610, 614 or 615 and alight at Lam Tei stop, or KMB route No. 53, 63X, 68A, or minibus running between Jordan and Yuen Long.
See also
Walled villages of Hong Kong
Tuen Tsz Wai, another walled village established by the To Clan, located next to Tsing Chuen Wai
References
External links
Delineation of area of existing village Tsing Chuen Wai (Tuen Mun) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)
Antiquities and Monuments Office. Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Architectural Information System. Tsing Chuen Wai
Film Services Office: Tsing Chuen Wai
Webpage about Tsing Chuen Wai
Antiquities Advisory Board. Pictures of the remains of the Watchtower at Tsing Chuen Wai
Lam Tei
Walled villages of Hong Kong
Villages in Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong |
老人腚上长了褥疮怎么办？压疮又称压力性溃疡、褥疮，是由于局部组织长期受压，发生持续缺血、缺氧、营养不良而致组织溃烂坏死。皮肤压疮在康复治疗、护理中是一个普通性的问题。据有关文献报道，每年约有6万人死于压疮合并征。引起褥疮的原因有，一局部组织遭受持续性垂直压力，特别在身体骨头粗隆凸出处。如果长期卧床或坐轮椅、夹板内衬垫放置不当、石膏内不平整或有渣屑、局部长时间承受超过正常毛细血管的压迫，均可造成褥疮。二摩擦力作用于皮肤，易损害皮肤的角质层。当病人在床上活动或坐轮椅时，皮肤可受到床单和轮椅垫表面的逆行阻力摩擦，如皮肤被擦伤后受到汗、尿、大便等的浸渍时，易发生褥疮。三全身营养障碍，营养摄入不足，出现蛋白质合成减少、负氮平衡、皮下脂肪减少、肌肉萎缩，一旦受压，骨隆突处皮肤要承受外界压力和骨隆突处对皮肤的挤压力，受压处缺乏肌肉和脂肪组织的保护，引起血液循环障碍出现褥疮。四皮肤经常受潮湿、摩擦等物理性刺激（如石膏绷带和夹板使用不当、大小便失禁、床单皱褶不平、床上有碎屑等），使皮肤抵抗力降低。临床表现上多发生于无肌肉包裹或肌肉层较薄、缺乏脂肪组织保护又经常受压的骨隆突处。老人腚上长了褥疮怎么办呢？一度褥疮应定时按摩、变换体位，局部酒精涂擦或红外线照射。二度褥疮可外涂抗生素软膏后覆以无菌纱布。三度褥疮应进行清创处理，以去除感染。溃疡大而清洁者可采用分层皮片移植或覆以全层皮瓣。对坏疽性溃疡应去除坏死组织，充分引流后再做处理。对于创面脓液宜经常培养并做药敏试验，从而指导选择敏感抗生素外用若无全身感染迹象，对于重症患者应加强支持疗法。 |
Goodpasture综合征的诊断是什么？1、一般检查 通常应包括血常规，血液生化，肾功能，动脉血气分析，尿常规等。 2、血清学检查 初选试验可包括抗核抗体（ANA）谱，抗双链（ds）DNA，抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA），抗基底膜（GBM）抗体和抗磷脂抗体。SLE患者可有高滴度ANA和 ds DNA，而补体水平降低。Goodpasture综合征的循环抗 GBM抗体阳性。ANCA 包括核周型（P-ANCA）和细胞浆型两种，前者为针对髓过氧化物酶（MPO），弹力酶和乳铁蛋白的抗体，后者针对的抗原为分布在细胞浆的丝氨酸蛋白3（PR3），即C-ANCA。显微镜下多动脉炎、Churg-Strauss血管炎和寡免疫性肾小球肾炎(PIGN)可出现P-ANCA阳性。 3、组织学检查 活检部位的选择取决于具体疾病，如诊断韦氏肉芽肿，可进行鼻或鼻窦活检，侵入性小诊断价值又高。 4、肾活检 除了常规光镜检查外，通常需要进行直接免疫荧光染色。免疫介导的肺泡出血综合征同时有肾受累时，则肾病理为坏死性肾小球肾炎，组织学改变的程度不同，从轻的系膜增厚至严重的新月体性肾小球肾炎，肾动脉血管炎则很少。各种疾病的免疫荧光染色有不同表现，抗基底膜抗体（ABMA）病沿肾小球基底膜有线样沉积，胶原血管病及特发性免疫复合物介导的肾小球肾炎呈颗粒状沉积，而PIGN的免疫荧光检测为阴性，联合血清学ANCA、ABMA、ANA 等检测能够提高对诊断、治疗和预后的判断意义。 5、 气管镜检查 肺泡出血患者可能没有明显咯血。气管镜和肺泡灌洗（BAL）检查有助确诊肺泡出血，排除感染和气道局部病变引起的出血，从而帮助鉴别诊断和寻找病因。根据BAL的回收液血性程度逐渐增加，可肯定为活动性出血，此外，显微镜检查发现含铁血黄素细胞也具有肯定肺泡出血的价值。 6、 肺活检 经支气管肺活检对于DAH的诊断价值有限，为明确病因需开胸肺活检。肺活检仅适用于经常规检查仍未明确病因，且病情相对稳定，能够耐受单侧肺萎陷的患者。严重肺出血和呼衰病人不适宜开胸肺活检。肺活检术后可伴发感染和气胸。 |
陀罗果雪胆（学名：），为葫芦科雪胆属下的一个植物种。
参考资料
T |
孕妇得急性肠胃炎怎么办？孕妇得了急性肠胃炎怎么办急性肠胃炎好发于夏秋季节。也是我们所有医疗机构开设场道门诊的这一段时间是最容易出现急性肠胃炎的阶段。急性肠胃炎的发生主要是由于饮食不节。比如说吃了污染的食物，隔夜的剩饭菜等等，那么由于细菌等微生物的污染引起的肠道的黏膜的急性的一个炎症性改变。除此之外还有一些比如说过食了刺激性的不好消化的一些食物药物也有可能引发极性肠胃炎。急性肠胃炎的突出的临床表现就是呕吐和腹泻。孕妇得了急性肠胃炎的治疗方法，一，需要禁食，可以禁食一两餐，让胃肠休息。腹泻可以将先前吃进去的，不干净的东西排出体外，比如食物、药物、细菌或者病毒。一般呕吐会先前缓解，也许还会觉得加重。二、少量进食，可以进食少量的稀饭、白土司等不油腻的食物或水果，避免血糖过低，导致冷汗昏厥。三、补充水分，若腹泻严重造成水分、电解质大量流失，感到头晕、虚弱时，补充运动饮料会改善身体的不适。四、切勿随意打点滴、服药。如发生严重急性肠胃炎，可以找医师指示，适度服用药物以减轻症状。如有发烧、水泻、带血，怀疑感染性肠炎，请勿自行服用止泻剂，以免病情加重。五、勿服用抗生素，抗生素只在少数严重感染性肠炎，与旅行时发生腹泻情况下使用。急性肠胃炎大多是细菌性感染，可以痊愈不必吃到此类药物。孕妇得了急性肠胃炎，建议清淡饮食，注意饮食的控制，在胃肠道的功能还没有完全恢复时，不要急于恢复正常的饮食，尤其注意生冷、辛辣、油腻的食物；及时补充水分，可以喝糖水和盐水，补充糖分、电解质和盐分，忌喝饮料、牛奶，让肠道得到休息和恢复，减轻肠道的负担。 |
The 2000 Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary took place on April 4, 2000, as one of two primaries on the same day in the Democratic primaries for the 2020 presidential election. The Pennsylvania primary was a closed primary, with the state awarding 191 delegates, of whom 186 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the primary results.
Vice president and presumptive nominee Al Gore won the primary with more than 74% of the vote, earning another 139 delegates and helping him to cross the necessary majority of 1,991 delegates and officially win the Democratic nomination. Senator Bill Bradley, who had suspended his campaign one month earlier, received around 20% of the vote and 21 delegates, even without actively campaigning.
Procedure
Pennsylvania's Democratic primary took place on April 4th, 2000, the same date as the Wisconsin primary.
Voting took place throughout the state from 7:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. In the closed primary, candidates had to meet a threshold of 15% at the congressional district or statewide level in order to be considered viable. The 160 pledged delegates to the 2000 Democratic National Convention were allocated proportionally on the basis of the results of the primary. Of these, between 4 and 7 were allocated to each of the state's 21 congressional districts and another 21 were allocated to party leaders and elected officials (PLEO delegates), in addition to 35 at-large delegates.
Voters chose district-level national convention delegates during the presidential primary, with no need for an additional confirmation by party bodies. If a presidential candidate listed fewer district delegate candidates for the national convention than had to be allocated based on the results of the primary, then the additional delegates would be named at the subsequent state convention. The state convention voted on the 41 at-large and 20 pledged PLEO delegates for the national convention. The delegation also included 28 unpledged PLEO delegates: 17 members of the Democratic National Committee, 11 members of Congress (11 representatives, Bob Brady, Chaka Fattah, Robert Borski, Ron Klink, Tim Holden, Paul Kanjorski, John Murtha, Joe Hoeffel, William Coyne, Mike Doyle, and Frank Mascara), and three add-ons.
Candidates
The following candidates appeared on the ballot:
Al Gore
Lyndon LaRouche Jr.
Withdrawn
Bill Bradley
There was also an Uncommitted option.
Results
References
Pennsylvania Democratic
Democratic primary
2000 |
三氯福司药理作用？水合氯醛的衍生物，具有镇静，催眠作用，在体内分解成三氯乙醇而起作用。作用相似于水合氯醛，但无其不快气味，且对胃刺激性小。 |
劳动报可以指
劳动报 (俄罗斯)，俄罗斯报纸
劳动报 (上海)，上海市总工会机关报
，保加利亚报纸
，斯洛文尼亚报纸
，墨西哥报纸
，越南劳动联合会机关报
澳門勞動報，澳門報紙 |
杨氏（），為唐玄宗宠妃杨贵妃的大姊，父亲为唐朝蜀州司户杨玄琰。受封为韩国夫人。
杨氏有姿色，嫁给了秘书少监崔峋。天宝四载（745年），其妹受封贵妃，成为玄宗最为宠爱的后妃。天宝五载（746年），杨氏的女儿崔氏因母亲的关系，被唐玄宗选为太子李亨长子广平郡王李俶的王妃。天宝七载（748年）冬十一月庚午，杨氏封韩国夫人。三妹封为虢国夫人，八妹封为秦国夫人。唐玄宗称她为姨，出入宫掖，和虢国夫人、秦国夫人并承恩泽，势倾天下。安史之乱爆发后，天宝十五载（756年）六月，韩国夫人随唐玄宗、杨贵妃、杨国忠出逃。马嵬坡之变，杨国忠被杀，杨贵妃被赐死。韩国夫人亦为乱兵所杀。
注释
参考资料
《旧唐书 卷五十一·列传第一·后妃上》
唐朝國夫人
唐朝被殺害人物
弘农杨氏
永济人 |
徐鼐霖（）原名立堃，字敬宜，一字镜岑，号憩园，晚号退思。吉林省永吉州尚礼镇（今九台市二道沟乡）人，清朝及中华民国政治及军事人物。清朝末年“吉林三杰”之一（另两位是宋小濂、成多禄）。
生平
徐鼐霖生于清朝同治四年九月二十二日（1865年11月11日）。17岁时，他中秀才，在吉林崇文书院随咸丰举人顾肇熙读书，和成多禄、宋小濂交好。他是清朝附贡生。1898年，他入盛京将军依克唐阿幕府，负责文书及交涉事宜。1904年，他入齐齐哈尔副都统程德全（1905年程德全署黑龙江将军）幕府。他曾历任黑龙江大赉厅通判，海伦直隶厅同知，兴东兵备道二品衔。他还历充奉天交涉局文案，哈尔滨铁路交涉局提调、行会办事，育字全军营务处帮办，奉天全军翼长、营务处总办，黑龙江将军府文案处会办，垦务局总理公署一等秘书官，谘议厅议员礼科兼学科参事，兵备处总办，筹防处参议。
他和宋小濂、成多禄等人试图收回俄国侵占的中东铁路沿线权益。1905年，他秘密到满洲里考察东省铁路各站，此后在他的建议下，程德全上《论速宜于各大站设官殖民抵制强邻疏》给外务部。程德全在黑龙江省实行新政，他全力支持。1909年农历八月，他任黑龙江兴东兵备道道员，任职三年后去职。任内他大力发展交通及金矿，改革税收体制。1911年，他因筹边有功赏加二品衔，特授黑龙江民政使司民政使。
中华民国成立后，他历任黑龙江民政使，黑龙江都督府参谋长，代理黑龙江都督、民政长，并历充军政处处长，军官养成所监督，黑龙军第一、二两路统领官。他为国务院两次存记，政事堂存记，获授四等嘉禾章。1918年，他任大总统顾问。1919年，他任吉林省省长，后于1920年9月被免职。
此后他退出政界，寓居北京，和宋小濂、成多禄经常一起饮酒赋诗。他还曾参加徐世昌的晚晴簃、成多禄的漫社等诗社，并参加编选了《晚晴簃诗选》。1927年，他任永吉县志总裁办事处总裁，负责编纂《永吉县志》。
九一八事变后，以至抗日战争爆发后，徐鼐霖一直未担任任何政府职务，不投靠日本人。
1940年，徐鼐霖逝世，享年75岁。
著作
籌邊芻言——经营蒙藏以保存中国
蒙古世系譜
中西兵略手钞
憩园老人集
憩园诗草
憩园存稿
其著作编入《徐鼐霖集》中
注释
参考文献
北京市石景山區地名誌，北京：北京科学技术出版社，1991年
约法会议秘书厅编，约法会议记录，北京：约法会议秘书厅，1915年，第78页
九台人
N
约法会议议员
第二次中华民国临时参议院议员
中华民国黑龙江民政使
参政院参政 |
The Lucian Newhall House is a historic house in Lynn, Massachusetts. Built in 1866 for a prominent local businessman, it is a high-quality example of Second Empire architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as being at 281 Ocean Street) in 1985, and included in the Diamond Historic District in 1996.
Description and history
The Lucian Newhall House stands in Lynn's Diamond District, a residential area where the city's elite lived during the period of historical significance. The house stands at the northeast corner of Nahant and Ocean Streets, presenting finished facades to both streets.
It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a flared mansard roof. At the center of the roof is a square cupola with three round-arch windows on each side, and a broad-eaved hip-roof with an elaborate bracketed cornice. The building corners have wooden block quoining, and eaves—like those of the cupola—adorned with an elaborated bracketed cornice. The house's Nahant Street facade is three bays wide, with single-story projecting bays flanking a center entrance. The entrance is sheltered by an elaborate porch, which is joined to the roofs of the flanking bays and topped by a third projecting bay. Dormers with elaborate window-surrounds encompass round-arch windows, the center of which has a double window and is recessed. The Ocean Street facade of the house has a similar plan and decoration, but its ground-floor bays are rectangular, and its three roof dormers identical.
The house was built in 1866 for Lucian Newhall (October 14, 1824 – May 17, 1898), a descendant of early Lynn settlers. Newhall was one of the first local businessmen to establish a shoe factory in the city's Central Business District (in 1847), and remained in the shoe business until 1875. Newhall's house is one of the most visually prominent in the Diamond District.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
Notes
A common misspelling of "Lucian" is as "Lucien".
References
Buildings and structures in Lynn, Massachusetts
Houses in Essex County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Lynn, Massachusetts
Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1866
Second Empire architecture in Massachusetts |
Sean Gallagher (born 2 September 1965) is a British actor, best known for his role of Paul Connor in Coronation Street.
Career
Gallagher appeared in EastEnders from 1992 to 1993 as a playboy called Clive who had an affair with then-married Sam Mitchell.
In 1997 Gallagher played the role of Alan in the BAFTA-winning BBC series "Holding On" by Tony Marchant.
In 2006 he played the part of Chip in the second new series of Doctor Who opposite David Tennant in the episode "New Earth". In 2006, Gallagher signed up to Coronation Street to play the part of Paul Connor, one of two brothers buying a share in Underworld, the local knicker factory. In early 2007, Gallagher resigned from the Manchester-based ITV programme to pursue other roles, eventually leaving Coronation Street in June 2007.
On 2 July 2007, it was announced Gallagher had been cast for the lead role of Mal Faith in a new ITV drama series, Rock Rivals, produced by Shed Productions. He starred alongside former EastEnders actress Michelle Collins who played his wife, Karina Faith.
He appeared in a production of Mary Stuart for the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh, with David Oakes and Penny Layden.
He performed in The Black Album at the Cottesloe Theatre/National Theatre in London's South Bank in 2009 and then started a national UK tour with the cast throughout the UK in October/November 2009.
He also voiced one of the characters in The Happy Prince, a stop-animation film, produced by Skatedog Films and directed by John Horabin in 2009. This newly released adaptation of the classic Oscar Wilde short story was featured at the BFI in London in autumn 2009.
He also appeared in the ITV dramas Eternal Law and Leaving and BBC drama Our Girl.
In 2017, he appeared in Midsomer Murders "Red in Tooth & Claw" as Errol Judd and in 2019 in Father Brown “The Sacrifice of Tantalus” as Len Blaisen.
Activism
Gallagher is known to support animal welfare societies. In August 2008, Gallagher appeared as a celebrity contestant on an episode of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, raising funds for World Animal Protection project to end bear dancing in India, "an issue that he feels strongly about."
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
English male television actors
Male actors from Bedfordshire
Actors from Luton |
Ferdinand Kürnberger (3 July 1821, Vienna – 14 October 1879, Munich) was an Austrian writer.
He was one of the most influential writers of Viennese literature in the sixties and seventies of the 19th century. He is now known mainly for his participation in the revolution of 1848, which would oblige him to flee to Dresden, Germany where he was arrested the following year.
Works
Geglaubt und vergessen (1836)
Der Amerika-Müde, amerikanisches Kulturbild (1855)
Ausgewählte Novellen (1858)
Literarische Herzenssachen. Reflexionen und Kritiken (1877)
Das Schloß der Frevel (1903)
References
"Kürnberger, Ferdinand". Encyclopædia Britannica.
Austrian journalists
Austrian male writers
1821 births
1879 deaths
19th-century journalists
Male journalists
19th-century male writers |
Shade's Children is a young adult science fiction novel by Garth Nix. It was first published in Australia in 1997 by HarperCollins.
Background
Shade's Children takes place in a not-so-distant future where evil Overlords have ruled for fifteen years due to a catastrophic "Change" which caused all people over the age of fourteen to simply disappear. Since then, the children have been rounded up and placed in prison-like dorms. No child may live past their fourteenth birthday (known as a "Sad Birthday"), when they are taken to the Meat Factory and their muscles, brain, and other organs are harvested to create creatures. These creatures are servants of the Overlords, and as such both fight in the Overlords' ceremonial territorial battles and hunt for the rare escapees who have managed to remove the tracer implanted in their wrist. There is only one exception to this rule: some young women are kept for "breeding" to maintain the supply of children, until a suggested maximum age of eighteen.
Escape is rare, based both on courage and ability. These teens are gifted, however, with "Change Talents" (side effects of the Change that are unique to each individual and generally fall into the category of psychic powers.) These talents are also dependent on Change Radiation, a mysterious field distributed by Change Projectors. This radiation allows the Overlords to control the weather and warp certain physical laws, which is critical for some creatures such as the Wingers, which would otherwise be too heavy to fly. The strength of the field is greatly weakened by water.
Several teams of escapees recruited by Shade live in a beached submarine, near a sewer pipe that allows access to an extensive sewer system. Shade is the only "adult" to have survived the Change. This, however, is mitigated by the fact that he is merely the uploaded consciousness of a real human scientist - a Dr. Robert Ingman. Shade knows that he is an uploaded consciousness and thus continually questions his humanity.
Plot summary
A boy nicknamed Gold-Eye, a fifteen-year-old, was born near the time of the Change. He was physically affected by the Change radiation and his eyes, including his pupils, are a bright golden color. He has a very special talent known as being able to see in the "soon to be now." He is also unusual in that he managed to escape and elude the Trackers and Myrmidons for a time. Yet as the story begins, he is finally trapped by the Myrmidons, and prepares to kill himself to prevent his organs from being harvested. This turns out to be unnecessary as he is saved by a team of strangers who stun the Myrmidons with a flashbang grenade and lift him to safety. These strangers are a team of Shade's Children, and after the group eludes some Ferrets by hiding in a tall building, he accompanies them back to the Submarine, Shade's Children's hideout.
Gold-Eye joins Shade's Children, and is soon sent off on his first mission with the team that saved him: Ella, Ninde, and Drum. Each team member is unique, and has Change abilities that correspond somewhat to their personality.
This mission is a critical one: to retrieve the equipment and data from Shade's abandoned laboratory on the University campus in the Department of Abstract Computing, including a device that measures Change radiation. It is also one of the most dangerous missions: All of the teams who have previously attempted this retrieval have been killed or captured in the process. Ella's team is successful, even when the Overlord Black Banner surrounds and invades the building, alerted by Leamington, a pre-Change artificial intelligence who calls the police on detection of the intruders. Leamington is notably different from Shade in that he is an artificial intelligence as opposed to an uploaded consciousness.
After resting at the Sub, Shade unveils the reward created with the recovered data: metal crowns called Deceptors which scramble the sensory input of the Overlords' creatures, effectively making a human wearer invisible and non-olfactive to them as long as the power supply is maintained. It also is later revealed that scent trails are equally scrambled, although footprints are not. With this sudden new advantage and information, Shade is more curious about the method of distribution of Change radiation and sends Ella's team on a newer, even more dangerous mission: to steal a Change Projector from Fort Robertson, the stronghold of the Overlord named Red Diamond. This mission is not successful: on entry, the team discovers that the stronghold stretches underground, allowing for the unforeseen presence of creatures. The team's Deceptors run out prematurely as they discover a Myrmidon barracks, and they escape with a conch-shaped Overlord device called a Thinker, but without Drum who, having been winded, stays behind to fight. It is presumed by the rest of the team that he is killed.
On return to the Sub, however, Gold-Eye has a vision in which he sees Drum being stored temporarily in the Meat Factory, indicating that Drum is still alive. The group presents the device to Shade, who appreciates the Overlord device Ninde took from Fort Robertson but refuses a request to rescue Drum, as the Meat Factory is one of the most heavily guarded Overlord facilities.
The team, led by Ella, defies Shade's orders and infiltrates the Meat Factory, successfully rescuing Drum. They then leave cautiously, using the Deceptors to mask their trail. While resting among the branches of a large tree, Ninde telepathically detects an Overlord. The detection proves not only to be hard mentally on her since the Overlord is of human or greater intelligence, but also emotionally hard: Ninde discovers that the Overlords are essentially human. Despite the difficulty, she discovers that the Overlord may know something about "a mind in a machine" -a dangerous thing for them, since Shade - a machine intelligence- is their leader and benefactor. They continue, to discover on reaching the Submarine that it has been invaded by an Overlord, Red Diamond, and that all of the people inside have been killed or captured. Fortunately, Shade had realized long before that the Sub was not a permanent base, and established multiple supply caches throughout the city in case a team was stranded in the field or the Sub was taken. True to their training, the team heads immediately to the nearest cache - to discover Shade, who escaped, apparently by chance, while testing a mobile robotic body for himself based around the Thinker. Shade's escape is doubly fortuitous in that the Overlord used an electromagnetic pulse weapon to disable the Submarine; had he been within range of the weapon, he would have been incapacitated.
Despite the loss of all of Shade's Children except for Ella's team, the meeting is a good one: Shade has discovered how to defeat the Overlords. Examining and measuring Change radiation, he had discovered that all known Change Projectors were actually redistributors of Change radiation from a single source, a so-called Grand Projector. Were this projector destroyed, all creatures would cease to function, and the Overlords would likely be removed whence they came. Having discovered the source of the Change Radiation - at Mount Silverstone - they set out with Deceptors to find and destroy the source, which would hopefully bring reality back to normal.
But soon the team is betrayed by Shade, who had made a deal with the Overlords. Desiring a body with which to survive the Overlords' destruction (since the Thinker is also a product of the Change), he betrayed the children, bartering them and the knowledge of their Change talents in exchange for Overlord body technology (his Thinker is destroyed by an Overlord later). Gold-Eye and Ninde are taken prisoner. Ella and Drum, managing to escape, climb to the top of Mount Silverstone, meet a hologram of Shade, who though having been physically destroyed, is spread through the Overlords' computer systems. His original personality had been attempting to manifest itself, such as when Shade was speaking to Gold-Eye and Ninde about their fate at the hands of the Overlords, or when Shade was inwardly arguing with himself. However, it only managed to when the Thinker was destroyed. He guides them to the Grand Projector, when, about to disable it, they hear an Overlord approaching. Ella, desperate, destroys the Thinker which regulates the Grand Projector, causing it to overload. This has the positive effect of disabling all Overlord creatures and removing the Overlords, but exposes Ella and Drum to lethal amounts of Change radiation, killing them. The burst of Change radiation, while not lethal where Ninde and Gold-Eye are (they are being executed by an Overlord), enables them to respectively read the minds of thousands of newly freed children, and see a distant future, at which time he and Ninde are the parents of two children named for Ella and Drum. Ninde sends this "soon to be now" to Ella and Drum through her Change Talent, and those thoughts are the last things that they see.
Characters in Shade's Children
Main characters
Shade
Shade was originally named Robert Ingman, who somehow managed to upload his consciousness into the machines and systems in his lair at a time before the Change occurred. He serves as a mentor to his Children, and sends them on missions for supplies and information. After transferring himself to the Thinker, Robert develops multiple personalities and one of these, "Shade", becomes so obsessed with gaining a human body that he does not care how many children must die or be captured for him to get one. His true personality, "Robert", tries to reason with Shade, but is usually over-ridden. While the Shade personality is obsessed with gaining a physical body, the true Robert attempts to proclaim his status as the original Robert Ingman personality, rather than the evil Thinker form. Once the Thinker is destroyed, the original Robert attempts to right the wrongs he has done to the children, regardless of the personal cost: his existence.
Ella
Ella, the leader of her group, is resourceful and strong but cold and withdrawn emotionally. Her Change Talent is the ability to summon or "conjure" inanimate objects of limited mass at will, usually weapons. This is how she escaped the Overlords' dormitories, conjuring a razor blade to cut a tracking device out of her wrist. She seems closest to Drum, and there is evidence of a romantic attachment to him, but his permanent emasculation by steroids prevents any sexual relationship. Ninde once remarks sarcastically, "Sure! And Ella will care about someone other than Drum!"
Ninde
Ninde is somewhat childish and watches many pre-Change movies to escape from her reality to that older world, into which she would probably be integrated well—she is emotional, dramatic, and attractive. Her Change Talent is telepathy: she can read minds within a limited level of complexity (she can't comfortably read human minds or Overlord minds) and distance, and tends to chew her knuckles when concentrating. She develops a romantic relationship with Gold-Eye over the course of the novel. After the Change was reversed, she studied to become a doctor.
Drum
Drum is an embodiment of physical strength and is described as having to use special clothing on account of his size (he is much bulkier than the average teenager), but has been emasculated by steroids given to him by the Overlords since he was to become a Myrmidon. Unfortunately for him, the steroids stopped him from going through puberty. His Change Talent is telekinesis, limited by mass.
Gold-Eye
Gold-Eye is constantly nervous and moving, still paranoid from his life spent constantly eluding the Trackers and Myrmidons that hunted him. His Change Talent is, unusually, not under his control, but comes to him in the form of visions of the future that he calls the "soon-to-be-now". Gold-Eye's English, both written and spoken, is bad after his years alone—he has not spoken to another human for some time as of the beginning of the novel, since his older brother Petar (probably a corruption of "Peter") and his brother's friend Jemmie are recaptured before the story begins. Gold-Eye is attracted to Ninde. At the end of the story, he has a vision showing that he and Ninde will have two children, named after Ella and Drum.
Minor characters
Alen
Lost on a fossicking mission around a month before the novel begins, Alen's sleeping body is discovered by Ella's team as they infiltrate the Meat Factory to rescue Drum, who was caught while covering Ella and the rest of her team's retreat on a previous mission. Ninde is in favor of rescuing him, but Ella makes the difficult decision to leave him behind.
Brat
Brat is a former operative of Shade and friend to Ella, who was captured by the Overlords around two years (according to Shade) before the start of the novel. When Stelo's team captures a Winger and, later, Shade vivisects it, this Winger is revealed to be Brat upon the removal of one particular device. Drum, a witness to the vivisection, kills him out of mercy almost immediately after this is revealed.
Lisa
Lisa was the leader of one of Shade's teams until nine years before the novel begins, when her entire team is lost attempting the University mission later accomplished by Ella's team. She was dedicated to Shade and his cause, much like Ella, and is furious when her teammate Sal suggests leaving the Sub rather than tackling the dangerous mission.
Mac
Mac was one of the oldest of Shade's Children when Ella first arrived at the Sub. At one point, his team retrieved hardware for Shade's computer. He was lost on the University mission two years before the book began.
Rick
Rick and his team were sent to the university prior to Ella's team. They were expected to return the day before Ella and her team began it. However, Rick is severely injured during the mission and never returns.
Sam Allen
Sam is supposedly captured at least nine years before the novel begins, after leaving the Sub in anger at Shade's ruthlessness. He is used in one of the elite Myrmidon guards that belong to no particular Overlord, which are ordered to drown Gold-Eye and Ninde near the end of the book. When the Change Projector is destroyed, the device controlling his brain is disabled, giving him a few moments of humanity during which he recites a small poem in English and tells Gold-Eye that he was once Sam Allen; after this, he falls into the water and dies due to the lack of Projector radiation energy.
Sim
Sim shows all of Shade's new recruits round the Sub, and seems to have some authority over the other children. He picks up on Gold-Eye's lack of sexual knowledge, and points him towards the relevant lessons.
Stelo
Stelo is the leader of one of the other teams and - initially - the target of Ninde's flirtation, despite no apparent attraction on his part and Shade's attempts to discourage Ninde. On orders from Shade, his team sets out to capture a Winger. Stelo pretends to be injured as part of this trap. The Winger they successfully catch is later revealed to be Brat. Following the mission in question, Stelo requires medical attention, having been scratched. Stelo and Marg survived the attack on the sub after Marg saw one of Shade's robots leaving and they decide to follow it. Stelo is shown carrying his dead teammate Peter and traveling with Marg through the sewer system. They encounter one of Shade's rat robots. Stelo begins to yell at the robot, and hits it, angry at Shade for a perceived betrayal. Shade then orders the rat robot to self-destruct.
The Overlords
The Overlords are evil beings from another dimension. They appear human but are subtly different. They view all life other than themselves as utterly worthless, referring repeatedly to humans as animals. As such, they have no moral problems with harvesting children's bodies to construct their creatures, for no purpose other than sadistic enjoyment of gladiatorial violence between the creatures.
They do not normally use audible speech to communicate, though they are capable of it. Instead, they subvocalize, using their technology to carry their speech among them. When they subvocalize, their throat muscles twitch noticeably.
There are three female and four male Overlords.
The Overlords disdain combat and never enter hand-to-hand combat themselves, but have a variety of technologically advanced weapons. Two are used by Overlords during the book: a "fusion lance:" a tube-shaped, laser-like ranged weapon, and an undescribed electromagnetic pulse weapon.
Black Banner
The first Overlord featured. He wears black, spiked armour with a horned helmet. In conjunction with Red Diamond he plans to capture deceptor technology for use in battle. He expresses an interest in harvesting Gold Eye's abilities.
Red Diamond
A highly aggressive male Overlord who wears a red armour and a fire-like cloak. He is greasy, fat, and balding. He is also attempting to capture deceptor technology for his use in battle.
Blue Star
Very little is mentioned about Blue Star. Blue Star is the fourth male Overlord.
Gold Claw
Apparently the oldest of the Overlords, Gold Claw, a female Overlord, is also quite arrogant.
Silver Sun
An attractive female who wears mirrored armour, Silver Sun is very intelligent and sadistic. Her teeth are filed to points and she can speak English. When torturing Gold Eye and Nine she explains that she lived among the humans for years as an infiltrator to prepare the way for the Change, and as such has the most familiarity with humans.
Gray Crescent
An old male, Grey Crescent was asleep when Ninde and Gold-Eye were brought to see the Overlords.
Emerald Crown
Emerald Crown, who dresses in flexible green metal armour and a crown of emerald spikes, is female.
List of creatures
The Overlords' creatures are numerous and vicious predators of several homogenous types. They are reasonably intelligent, being able to strategize and fear risks. This intelligence is particularly evident in the more advanced creations, such as the Myrmidons, which have a simple language. All of the creatures are created using human organs and body parts processed in the Meat Factory, and are heavily specialized for their purpose to the detriment of other attributes. Some creatures use amulet-shaped devices called "mind-calls" which allow for telepathic communication with fellow creatures or Overlords. Most, if not all, of the creature types have weaknesses or aversions exploited by the main characters.
Drones
Drones are the Overlord's workers: although they do not have enhanced senses or any defense, these workers who maintain and run the Meat Factory (and presumably other Overlord facilities) are super-strong; they lift Drum without strain. They are only found in Overlord installations, where there are invariably others nearby to defend them. A standard size of Drone groups is not mentioned in the book, although when Ella, Ninde, and Gold-Eye infiltrated the Meat Factory, they met a pair of them together.
Ferrets
Ferrets are similar to their real-life counterparts in appearance, but are notedly larger, more intelligent, and have hollow fangs with which to partially exsanguinate their victims. They are nocturnal, and seem to act merely as hunters of escapees rather than also fighting for the Overlords. They are mentioned to have great strength. Ferrets also have an affinity for underground locales, are afraid of heights, and hate water. They operate in "fangs" of five, and make hissing noises to communicate.
Myrmidons
Myrmidons, unlike some of the other creatures, are humanoid: Larger than most, (the teens from which they are made are given steroids) these creatures are always seen wearing full armour and usually carry a mêlée weapon or a net gun, used to capture escapees. They have barrel chests, long arms, spade-shaped hands, and six fingers. They use fist-sized glowing globes called witchlights for light, and are mentioned as using "battle sprayers" that spray acid. They are the shock troops of the Overlords and the primary fighting units. The Myrmidons have a language for battlefield communication known as Battlespeech. They appear in "maniples" of seven.
Myrmidon Masters
A Myrmidon Master is a larger, more intelligent Myrmidon which commands other Myrmidons. In the field, they are second in command only to a visiting Overlord. Myrmidon Masters are not generally seen in groups with other Myrmidon Masters, but rather among groups of the lesser Myrmidons.
Screamers
Although no Screamers are ever seen in the book, they are heard - their scream is so loud as to be able to deafen and daze people far away from it. They are also the primary method of alarm for sleeping Myrmidons - only a Screamer can wake a Myrmidon quickly. They do not travel in groups. It is mentioned that when a human is close to the screamer while it screams it can peel away the skin on the insides of their ears.
Trackers
Trackers are the scouts of Overlord forces - their noses, ears, and eyes are larger than normal and further enhanced with Overlord cyborg technology. They travel in "trios" of three, using whistling noises to indicate their status. They wear leather armor and do not fight unless attacked. At the beginning of the novel, one of the Trackers the team fights is a "Senior Tracker."
Watchwards
No Watchwards are ever seen in the book, but they are mentioned several times. Drum, in his video recording, mentions having strangled one to escape the Training Ground. Ninde mentions that there are no Watchwards guarding the Meat Factory, and when the burglar alarm in Shade's old lab is set off, a "vaguely human creature" with a mind-call is mentioned as having received the alarm. Watchwards are most likely sentries and guards in the Dorms and other Overlord installations.
Wingers
Wingers are flying creatures resembling humanoid bats. They have no nose, and their lower jaw is extended for enhanced killing ability. As with the other creatures, a mind control unit is kept near its brain, which forbids human thoughts and speech (although speech becomes difficult anyway due to the repositioning of the mouth). When one Winger has this removed, it recognizes Ella and pleads for death. Wingers use Change energy anti-gravity boosters to help them fly, since they are theoretically too heavy to fly. There are also special, vehicle-sized Wingers used as the personal flying mounts of Overlords. Normal Wingers appear in "flights" of nine.
Main themes
The book is about survival at all costs against a seemingly invincible foe. Shade's increasing lack of humanity is a constant threat to the reader and characters in the book. Ninde and Gold-Eye's growing relationship throughout the story is a touching account of love against adversity. In contrast to this, Drum and Ella are more serious about the situation they are in. However, they are constantly supporting each other and provide comfort at the end of the novel. Ella is a strong leader, yet her respect for her teammates, especially Ninde, grows considerably during the book's events. One interesting literary device are the interludes between the chapters. They add to the book's depth, provide the readers with extra information and sometimes reveal events elsewhere. For instance, when the Sub is attacked by creatures, the interlude is part of the training session for creature attacks. All interludes are taken from Shade's computer archive.
The book also touches on the idea of humans being the lesser race. Interaction with the Overlords finds them considering humans as animals, bred for their amusement and violent battles, lesser in mind and speech.
Awards
Shade's Children was a short-list nominee for the 1997 Aurealis Award for best young-adult novel but lost to Catherine Jinks' Eye to Eye and Isobelle Carmody's Greylands. It is also an ALA Notable Book. The book won the 1998 Golden Duck Award.
Release details
1997, USA, HarperCollins (), Pub date September ? 1997, hardback (First edition)
1998, USA, Eos (), Pub date October ? 1998, paperback
1999, USA, Rebound by Sagebrush (), Pub date ? October 1999, hardback (library edition)
2006, USA, HarperCollins Children's Books (), Pub date August 7, 2006, hardback
2006, UK, HarperCollins, Pub date August 7, 2006, hardback
Footnotes
1997 Australian novels
Novels by Garth Nix
Australian fantasy novels
Children's science fiction novels
Aurealis Award-winning works
Dystopian novels
1997 science fiction novels
1997 fantasy novels
HarperCollins books |
菊黄东方鲀（学名：）为輻鰭魚綱魨形目四齒魨亞目四齒鲀科东方鲀属的鱼类。分布于西北太平洋區沿海近岸海域。在中国，分布于东海、黄海、渤海等海域，属于温带近海底层鱼类。该物种的模式产地在青岛。
本魚體呈圓筒形，被覆由鱗片特化的細棘；口小。魚體背部土黃色或綠褐色，有許多圓的白色斑點分布。 體側在胸鰭正後方上有一個不規則的小黑色的斑塊。 另外，從嘴角到尾鰭基底有一條黃色細條紋通過，腹部白色。尾鰭截形，背鰭軟條15至16枚；臀鰭軟條13至15枚，體長可達35公分。非食用魚，具有河豚毒素。
参考文献
青岛物种
flavidus
有毒魚類 |
《勿說是推理》（）是田村由美創作的推理漫畫，故事內容為記憶力與推理能力都高於常人的大學生久能整，發揮智慧解決各種案件。作者最早在於《月刊flowers》2017年1月號發表了本作的單篇，之後到作者結束在同個雜誌的連載《7SEEDS 幻海奇情》後，才在2018年1月號正式開始了本作的連載。
故事概要
嫌犯只有一人（Episode1，單行本第1集）
久能整被警方列為殺害同校學生寒河江健的唯一嫌犯，他明明與寒河江素無往來，卻陸續出現了看見他和寒河江爭吵的目擊證詞、他對寒河江的借據檔案，久能整要發揮智慧替自己辯白並找出真相。
公車挾持事件（Episode2前篇、後篇，單行本第1集至第2集）
久能整為了看畫展出門，遇上歹徒劫車，全車乘客被挾持到山區的別墅裡。挾持犯犬堂乙哉、犬堂賀呂不像尋常犯人要求贖金，卻問了人質們各種問題。久能整找機會打電話向池本警官求助，得知所在地是連續殺人案被害者犬堂愛珠的家，察覺挾持犯真正目的是要找出至今逍遙法外的活埋殺人魔。
短暫的車程（Episode3，單行本第2集）
在往廣島的列車上，久能整見到鄰座乘客紘子拿著有暗號塗鴉的奇妙信件。與信件中寄件者懇切言詞的假象不同，暗號揭露了現實。
狩集家遺產事件（廣島篇）（Episode4至4-5，單行本第2集至第4集）
狩集家代代有人在爭取遺產時出意外，汐路的父親一輩也因一次車禍全數喪生，她堅信事有蹊蹺，成為繼承候選者後汐路聘請久能整作為競爭家主之位的幫手。汐路祖父在遺囑中對孫子女出了一道考驗，成果將由狩集家世代交好的車坂、真壁兩家的家長評選，決定誰為繼承人。在釐清遺囑考驗的途中，久能整發現了另一個驚人的故事，曾經有三個「鬼」將一富戶之家主、僕人殺盡，霸佔了家主的妻子與產業，只有那家的女兒逃脫，鬼得到了財富地位卻終日畏懼罪行會被逃走的少女揭發，於是立下可怕的規則。
雨落俎上（Episode5，單行本第4集）
久能整在雨天遇到一個有點不對勁男子，攀談之下發現他不但喪失記憶，而且失憶前在某處裝設了炸彈。失憶者的隨口閒談是找出炸彈裝設地點唯一的線索。
遭天譴的夜譚（Episode6，單行本第4集）
久能整因摔落河堤被送到醫院觀察，同病房的牛田悟郎老先生講起從前當刑警的懸案，久能整一語道破本案玄機。
暖活抑或溫熱（Episode7，單行本第4集）
久能整在醫院追尋奇妙的暗語，於溫室中找到一隻名貴皮包，也解開藏起皮包的梅津真波心中憂慮。用暗號指引他的女子徠卡約他再次到溫室見面。
火焰天使（Episode8至8-4，單行本第5集）
在徠卡的指引下，久能整拜訪了兩處火災地點，現場殘垣上畫的特殊圖形，是都市傳說中召喚「火焰天使」懲罰父母的符號。而繼犬堂寄來的戒指和炸彈客身上的戒指，刻上星座記號飾物再度出現，這一切似乎有某種關聯。
算不上約會的遠行（Episode9，單行本第6集）
久能整與徠卡一起去新年參拜，回程兩人去吃燒肉，店員緊張的態度暗示有什麼不太對勁。
橫濱連續殺人事件（Episode2.5至2.5-3，單行本第6集）
本篇故事描述Episode2公車挾持事件之後犬堂兄弟的行動。雖然殺害愛珠的兇手已死，犬堂兄弟仍持續調查愛珠生前反常的舉止，他們發現愛珠跟犯下橫濱連續殺人案的羽喰十斗竟是遭同一名醫生「鳴子巽」影響，並且都從醫生那裡收到刻著星座符號的戒指。
暴風雪中的常春藤之家（Episode10至10-3，單行本第7集）
久能整接受教授天達邀請，來到深山中的別墅長春藤之家打工，替解謎推理會的活動處理雜務。解謎推理之夜的重頭戲是五年前的實際案件，出題者的目的不只是玩遊戲而已。
滿天星空下的伶牙俐齒（Episode11，單行本第8集）
三名年輕人用詩句在美術館四處找人詢問，再將答不出的人電暈，剛好帶徠卡來參觀的久能整一邊與他們周旋一邊解開謎團。
口耳相傳之事（Episode12，單行本第8集）
餐廳裡客人們閒聊，據說一名誣陷他人性騷擾的女子被推下樓梯，這是討回公道之舉或是另有內情。
互換身分的雙胞胎（Episode13-1、2，單行本第8、9集）
企業家鳩村一葉半年前亡於飛機失事，身為繼承人的雙胞胎女兒有紀子、實都子卻玩起了互換身分的遊戲，鳩村一葉的小叔瓜生晃次請久能整幫忙分辨到底誰是誰。
兒童綁架事件（Episode14至14-6，單行本第9、10集）
久能整好心替一名慌張的路人引路，路人到各地點竟都有人打公共電話找他，自稱分店長的神秘來電者還要求久能整接聽。之後久能整搜查資料發現那名路人是八年前曾被逮捕又釋放的女童殺害案嫌疑人小諸，同時青砥警官登門求助，原來青砥的女兒友香遭綁架，而綁架犯就是分店長。
層層相疊的遺落時光（Episode15，單行本第11集）
久能整接受在常春藤之家認識的同校同學相良蓮邀請，參加一個奇怪的打工，而主辦人坂卷洋子大費周章的目的，是找出30年前時光膠囊的埋藏地點。
善有善報（Episode16，單行本第11集）
整買了水果三明治要與徠卡分享，卻發現紙袋裡憑空出現一顆寫著「け」的紅色小球，這是從何而來的呢。
赫然發現大勢已去（Episode14.5，單行本第11集）
犬堂兄弟暗中調查鳴子巽，我路趁鳴子巽外出時搜查他家，但這其實是鳴子巽布下的圈套。
登場人物
主角
本作主角。19歲雙魚座的大學二年級生，教育學系、志願是成為老師。擁有著天然爆炸頭、圍著圍巾、面無表情的青年。習慣在星期六製作咖哩，興趣為逛美術館，特別喜歡印象派。過著沒有朋友也沒有戀人的獨居生活。記憶力與觀察能力過人，是只聽他人對話也能推理出事情經過的安樂椅偵探。口頭禪為「我常常覺得」，經常挑戰社會習以為常的觀點，尤其是父權主義的想法。
久能周圍的人物
在「暖活抑或溫熱」中初登場。背下了整本馬爾庫斯·奧列里烏斯的《沉思錄》，並以該書作為密鑰與久能互通暗號。事實上是解離性身分疾患患者千夜子無意識製造的第二人格，認為自己不是人類而是一部照相機。名字來自千夜子父親愛用的徕卡相机。
東英大學心理學准教授，也是久能的恩師。性情溫和，善解人意。經常提醒久能要留意證據及情報的源頭。前女友為已故的美吉喜和，至今未婚。
已故，天達的前女友，為心理輔導員。
大鄰警察署
巡查警官，於「嫌犯只有一人」中初登場。原本為小孩的態度煩惱，被久能開導。
巡查警官，在「嫌犯只有一人」中初登場。遭前輩排擠，得到久能的鼓勵。
巡查警官，在「嫌犯只有一人」中初登場。與懷孕的妻子起磨擦，經久能開導改善情況，相當佩服久能的推理。
巡査部長，在「嫌犯只有一人」中初登場。性格冷靜沉著，過去曾經導致冤獄而從本部調職至大隣警察署。
犬堂家
在「公車挾持事件」中初登場。公車劫持事件的主犯。犬堂愛珠的哥哥。為了調查妹妹死亡的真相而不惜犯罪。在制裁了兇手後與堂兄們一起逃亡。
在「公車挾持事件」中初登場。公車劫持事件的犯人之一。我路的堂兄。
在「公車挾持事件」中初登場。公車劫持事件的犯人之一。我路的堂弟、甲矢的弟弟。
名字在「公車挾持事件」中首度被提到，在該時間點已亡故。犬堂我路之妹，從小體弱多病所以受家族溺愛，在親人眼中是任性的大小姐，因喜歡機關盒而結識了製作者月岡並相戀，但受到鳴子巽影響萌發輕生念頭，在實行前先遭他人殺害。
創作過程
單行本第2冊至第4冊中，廣島腔的翻譯由作者的好友、當地出身的聲優佐佐木望提供協助。
出版書籍
評價與銷量
角川出版的雜誌《DA VINCI》曾於2018年8月號刊中作為白金級別書籍介紹過本作，編輯長關口靖彥將其描述為「一部顛覆讀者所見世界的推理作品。」至2021年7月第9集發售時，本作於日本地區發行量已突破900萬本，於電視劇播出後，2022年3月第1至10集發行量突破1500萬本。截至2022年11月，本作發行量已突破1700萬冊。
獲獎
2019年《這本漫畫真厲害！》2019女性篇第2名
2019漫畫大賞第2名
2022年小學館漫畫賞一般部門獎項
電視劇
2022年1月在富士電視台的月九時段上映本作的改編電視劇，由菅田將暉主演。本劇並非採用「邊拍邊播」方式，而是「先拍後播」方式。劇中將犬堂愛珠、我路的關係由原作中的姊弟改成兄妹。
台灣由friDay影音自2022年1月11起，每週二獨家跟播。
演員列表
久能整：菅田將暉
風呂光聖子：伊藤沙莉
池本優人：尾上松也
青砥成昭：筒井道隆
犬堂愛珠：白石麻衣
犬堂我路 / 熊田翔：永山瑛太
犬堂甲矢：久保田悠来
犬堂乙矢：阿部亮平
徠卡：門脇麥
天達春生：鈴木浩介
製作團隊
原作：田村由美《勿說是推理》（小學館《月刊flowers》連載中）
編劇：相澤友子
導演：松山博昭、品田俊介、相沢秀幸、阿部博行
音樂：Ken Arai
主題歌：King Gnu「」（Ariola Japan）
製作人：草谷大輔、熊谷理惠（大映電視）
制作、著作：富士電視台
播出日程
電影
於2023年9月15日上映。本次電影版是以原作中通稱的「廣島篇」為主軸，描述到了廣島的主角，捲入了狩集家的遺產問題。
登場人物
久能整：菅田將暉
狩集汐路：原菜乃華
車坂朝晴：松下洸平
狩集理紀之助：町田啓太
波波壁新音：萩原利久
赤峰弓良：柴咲幸
狩集ななえ：鈴木保奈美
狩集彌：瀧藤賢一
赤峰一平：野間口徹
鯉沼鞠子：松坂慶子
真壁軍司：角野卓造
車坂義家：段田安則
犬堂我路：永山瑛太
青砥成昭：筒井道隆
池本優人：尾上松也
風呂光聖子：伊藤沙莉
志波一巳：緒方義博
松嶋菜菜子
狩集幸長：石橋蓮司（照片演出）
宝田完次：Dandy坂野
劇團主宰者：春風亭昇太
松本若菜（聲音演出）
製作人員
原作：田村由美《勿說是推理》（小學館月刊flowers連載中）
導演：松山博昭
編劇：
配樂：
主題曲：King Gnu「」（Sony Music Labels）
插曲：King Gnu「變色龍」（Sony Music Labels）
監製：
製作人：草谷大輔、野﨑理、谷鹿夏希
製片商：
發行商：東寶
製作：富士電視台、小學館、TOP COAT、FNS27社
票房
參考來源
外部連結
漫畫官方網站
電視劇官方網站
電影官方網站
2016年日本漫畫作品
少女漫畫
日本漫畫作品
推理漫畫
犯罪漫畫
2022年開播的日本電視劇集
改編自日本漫畫的日本電視劇
富士電視台週一晚間九點連續劇
日本推理劇
冤案電視劇
2023年日本電影作品
日本漫畫改編電影
日本電視劇改編電影
冤案題材電影
富士電視台製作的電影
東寶電影
日語電影 |
柯奈莉亞·馮克（，）是德國的文學作家、繪本作家。她著有不少文學作品，最知名的就是奇幻小說系列《》；其作品中的插圖都是她本人親手繪製的。德國媒體常將她與撰寫《哈利波特》的英國作家J·K·羅琳相提並論，使她有「德國的J·K·羅琳」之稱。
2005年，馮克被入選《時代雜誌》的影響世界100人之一。
目前她的作品已在全球售出超過兩千萬冊，並被翻譯成37種語言。
生平
馮克出生於北萊茵-威斯特法倫的多斯滕。她的第一部小說是1997在德國出版的《》。2000年出版《》，這兩本書的英語譯本都登上了紐約時報暢銷書榜。2003至2005年間，推出《墨水世界三部曲》。她也擔任改編電影《墨水心》的製片人。
馮克還與導演吉勒摩·戴托羅合作撰寫電影《羊男的迷宮》的小說版《Pan's Labyrinth: The Labyrinth of the Faun》，於2019年4月出版。
個人生活
1979年，馮克與Rolf Frahm結婚，他們的女兒安娜（Anna）出生於1989年，兒子本（Ben）出生於1994年。這個家庭在漢堡住了24年，直到2005年5月搬至美國加利福尼亞州。2006年3月，其夫Rolf Frahm死於癌症。
馮克自2012年5月以来開始擔任聯合國生物多樣性十年計劃的德国大使之一。
文學作品
《》（2000年）
《》（2004年）
《When Santa Fell to Earth》（2006年）
《Igraine the Brave》（2007年）
《Saving Mississippi》（2010年）
《Dragon Rider: The Griffin's Feather》（2016年）
《Pan's Labyrinth: The Labyrinth of the Faun》（2019年，與吉勒摩·戴托羅合著）
墨水世界三部曲
《墨水心》（2003年）
《墨水血》（2006年）
《》（2008年）
繪本
《The Princess Knight》（2003年）
《Pirate Girl》（2005年）
《The Wildest Brother》 (2006年）
《Princess Pigsty》（2007年）
《The Pirate Pig》（2015年）
《Emma and the Blue Genie》（2015年）
《The Book No One Ever Read》（2017年）
參考文獻
外部連結
柯奈莉亞·馮克 的推特帳戶
在美國的德國人
德國兒童文學作家
德国奇幻小說家
繪本作家
21世紀女性作家
德国女性作家 |
A proffer is an offer made prior to any formal negotiations.
In a trial, to proffer (sometimes profer) is to offer evidence in support of an argument (for example, as used in U.S. law), or elements of an affirmative defense or offense. A party with the burden of proof must proffer sufficient evidence to carry that burden. For example, in support of a particular argument, a party may proffer documentary evidence or witnesses.
Where a party is denied the right to introduce evidence because that evidence would be inflammatory, hearsay, or would lack sufficient authentication, that party must make a proffer of what the evidence would have shown in order to preserve the issue for appeal through a formal procedure, such as an offer of proof.
As in business, a proffer can be a sign of "good faith" a first offer or proposal, to show a willingness to "barter".
Etymology
The word proffer is derived from Anglo-French "por-", forth, and "offrir", to offer.
See also
Due process
Jury trial
Offer of proof
Preliminary hearing
Trial by ordeal
Unofficial hearing
References
Evidence law |
昔阳崇教寺位于中国山西省昔阳县城内北隅，2006年被列为第六批全国重点文物保护单位。
崇教寺始建于北宋熙宁二年（1069年），明洪武十四年（1381年）与寿圣寺并称北寺。寺坐北朝南，占地550平方米，现存前殿、后殿、东西配殿，四殿相连，围成一个四合院。前殿和后殿面阔五间，进深六椽，单檐歇山顶，斗栱五铺作单抄单下昂、单栱计心造，梁架结构为六椽栿前后劄牵用四柱。东西配殿面阔三间，进深一间，斗栱五铺作。
参考文献
昔阳县
山西全国重点文物保护单位 |
Gauguin is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 70 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Gauguin is named for the French painter Paul Gauguin, who lived from 1848 to 1903.
References
Impact craters on Mercury |
Corby is a constituency in Northamptonshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since May 2015 by Tom Pursglove of the Conservative Party.
Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be subject to moderate boundary changes and will be renamed Corby and East Northamptonshire, to be first contested at the next general election.
History
The seat was created due to population increases in the county for the 1983 general election. Since creation it has been a marginal seat alternating between Labour and the Conservative representatives with marginal majorities relative to national averages on all but two occasions, the 1997 Labour landslide and the 2012 by-election. The first Member of Parliament elected for the constituency in 1983 was William Powell, who represented the Conservatives for three sessions of Parliament until 1997. Labour then held the seat until 2010. On 6 August 2012, MP for the seat since 2010 Louise Mensch (formerly Louise Bagshawe) announced she was resigning, triggering a by-election held on 15 November 2012. Labour's Andy Sawford won, becoming the first Labour MP for the seat since Phil Hope was defeated in 2010, and only the second in the seat's history. This was Labour's first by-election win from a Conservative since the 1997 Wirral South by-election. At the 2015 general election Tom Pursglove standing for the Conservatives won with a small majority. He won again with a similar margin in 2017 and in 2019 Tom Pursglove took the seat for the third time, but with a majority of over 10,000, turning Corby into a non-marginal seat by Conservative Party standards.
Boundaries
1983–2010: The District of Corby, and the District of East Northamptonshire wards of Barnwell, Brigstock, Drayton, Forest, Irthlingborough, King's Cliffe, Lower Nene, Margaret Beaufort, Oundle, Raunds, Ringstead, Stanwick, Thrapston, Willibrook, and Woodford.
2010–present: The Borough of Corby, and the District of East Northamptonshire wards of Barnwell, Dryden, Fineshade, Irthlingborough, King's Forest, Lower Nene, Lyveden, Oundle, Prebendal, Raunds Saxon, Raunds Windmill, Ringstead, Stanwick, Thrapston, and Woodford.
The constituency was created in 1983 from parts of the seats of Kettering and Wellingborough. It is named after the town of Corby in Northamptonshire, and also covers much of the local government district of East Northamptonshire, but excluding Rushden and Higham Ferrers which are in the Wellingborough constituency. . The seat is a highly marginal contest between the Tories and Labour, with Labour's vote strongest in the town of Corby itself, against the solidly Conservative rural areas of East Northamptonshire.
The constituency is sometimes informally called "Corby and East Northamptonshire", but the Parliamentary Constituencies Order and Whitaker's Almanack both make it clear that its official name is "Corby".
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 2010s
Elections in the 2000s
Elections in the 1990s
Elections in the 1980s
See also
List of parliamentary constituencies in Northamptonshire
Notes
References
Corby
North Northamptonshire
Parliamentary constituencies in Northamptonshire
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1983 |
甲减怀孕前三个月没吃药怎么办？现在怀孕38周了!有甲状腺功能减退症。怀孕前我吃过很棒的音乐。我怀孕后没有吃过。医生说甲状腺功能减退会导致婴儿痴呆，精神发育迟滞不是100%。之前的检查是甲状腺功能亢进症后来被称为甲状腺功能减退症。孕前检查报告T3:0.93，单位nmo1/L参考值1.3-3.1，T4:66.76，单位nmo1/L66-181，TSH:3.86，单位uTU/L参考值0.24-4.2，我不知道是否我描述得足够真的害怕宝宝会有所收获甲状腺功能亢进症是一种常见的内分泌疾病，非常有害。如果您生病了，您应该及时接受专业和有效的治疗。否则，它会导致肌肉无力，肌肉萎缩，糖尿病，肝脏和胃肠功能受损，并影响生育能力。更严重的还可导致甲状腺功能亢进，引起甲状腺功能亢进和危及生命。甲状腺疾病会随着时间的推移而改变，治疗应该及时推迟，否则严重后就不容易治愈!尽快去甲状腺专科医院，选择最合适的疾病治疗方案。你的病情很正常。有生育能力，但怀孕时必须服用。因为怀孕后需要增加甲状腺。对激素的需求也在增加。euthrole的数量可能会增加。有必要根据常规甲状腺功能测试确定剂量。不要担心它不会被继承。它不是先天性的，不会传给孩子。如果重量很高，最好检查一下。看看甲状腺功能甲状腺功能减退症不是遗传性疾病，但如果母亲在怀孕期间患病，则出生的孩子可能患有甲状腺功能障碍。具体表现为生长迟缓，精神和运动功能落后，极少数患者为4或5岁。这种情况肯定是可能的。最好尝试做一个相关的补充剂，将你的激素调整到正常水平。这对你的身体状况有好处。 |
头疼头晕多梦的原因是什么？睡觉对于我们来说的重要性不言而喻，只有拥有一个好的睡眠质量，我们才能有好的状态工作和学习，那么造成头晕头疼失眠多梦的原因有哪些呢？当了解这些原因以后，我们再发生这种情况，也能够更容易找到病因是什么，接下来让我们一起来了解一下头晕头疼失眠多梦的原因是什么呢？常话说：睡觉睡到自然醒。是件很美的事！但是得了失眠症的人入睡困难，梦多，他们是很痛苦的。是什么原因让他们失眠呢？1、生理因素：精神紧张、饥饿、疲劳、性兴奋以及一些疾病，如关节炎、溃疡病、心绞痛、偏头痛、哮喘、心律失常等都可导致失眠。2、心理因素：生活、工作中的各种矛盾和困难所造成的焦虑、抑郁、紧张、激动、愤怒或思虑过多均可导致失眠多梦。3、药物因素：饮酒、药物滥用、药物依赖及戒断症状均可导致失眠多梦。常见的药物有兴奋剂、镇静剂、甲状腺素、避孕药、抗心律失常药等。4、年龄因素：年龄越大失眠发生率越高。人的睡眠大约分为4-6个阶段，每个阶段延续60-90分钟；在这段时间里我们的大脑仍然处于工作状态。每个阶段的前四分之三时间里被称为浅层的睡眠阶段，此时，大脑处于被动消极的态度。而其余的四分之一时间是深层睡眠时间，此时，大脑处于极度兴奋状态，同时呼吸和脉搏跳动加快，血压升高。这个阶段也叫做快波睡眠期，我们的梦就在这个阶段产生的。有些人说整夜做梦，没有休息好，并不现实。国内外都有人对主诉失眠、整夜作梦或梦多的慢性失眠症，进行过生理测验，应用多种生理仪进行脑电波描记和研究，客观地记录证明，这些主诉""梦多""、""整夜做梦""病人的睡眠周期和正常人并没有什么差别，他们伴有梦的快波睡眠期所占的比例和实际时间也并没有明显缩短或延长，""整夜做梦""和""梦多""的体验与各项睡眠参数并没有相互联系。还有人对这类病人进行心理测验，认为这类体验与性格有关系。无论从人类睡眠的普遍规律，还是从实验研究的结果看，多梦与失眠未必有必然的联系。 |
小儿智力低下的表现？临床表现：1.轻度MR精神病学又称愚笨。IQ为50～70，适应性行为轻度缺陷。早年发育较正常儿略迟缓，且不象正常儿那样活泼，对周围事物缺乏兴趣。做事或循规蹈距，或动作粗暴。言语发育略迟，抽象性词汇掌握少。分析能力差，认识问题肤浅。学习成绩较一般儿童差，能背诵课文，但不能正确运用，算术应用题完成困难。通过特殊教育可获得实践技巧和实用的阅读及广告牌能力。长大后可作一般性家务劳动和简单的具体工作。遇事缺乏主见，依赖性强，不善于应付外界的变化，易受他人的影响和支配。能在指导下适应社会。2.中度MR又称愚鲁。IQ为35～49，适应性行为中度缺陷。整个发育较正常儿迟缓。语言功能发育不全，吐词不清，词汇匮乏，只能进行简单的具体思维，抽象概念不易建立。对周围环境辨别能力差，只能认识事物的表面和片断现象。阅读和计算方面不能取得进步。经过长期教育和训练，可以学会简单的人际效，基本卫生习惯，安全习惯和简单的手工技巧。3.重度MR又称痴愚。IQ为20～34，适应性行为重度缺陷。早年各方面发育迟缓。发音含糊，言语极少，自我表达能力极差。抽象概念缺乏，理解能力低下。情感幼稚。动作十分笨拙。有一定的防卫能力，能躲避明显的十分危险。经过系统的习惯训练，可养成简单的生活和卫生习惯，但生活需要他人照顾。长大以后，可在监督之下做些固定和最简单的体力劳动。4.极重重MR又称白痴。IQ低于20，适应性行为极度缺陷。对周围一切不理解。缺乏语言功能，最多会喊“爸”、“妈”等，但并不能真正辨认爸妈，常为无意识的嚎叫。缺乏自我保护的本能，不知躲避明显的危险。情感反应原始。感觉和知觉明显减退。运动功能显著障碍，手脚不灵活或终生不能行走。常有多种残疾和癫痫反复发作。个人生活不能处理，多数早年夭折。幸存者对手脚的技巧训练可以有反应。 |
孕初期尿道炎怎么办？尿道炎是由细菌、支原体、衣原体等病原体引起的尿道粘膜炎症。尿道炎发生在妊娠早期，应注意不要服用药物进行治疗，因为许多药物可能会影响胎儿的生长发育，导致胎儿生长异常。建议注意休息，多喝水，增加尿量，冲洗尿道，消除有害炎症物质。及时到医院进行检查、诊断，在医生的指导下使用消炎药进行治疗。大多数是感冒和由感冒、咳嗽、肺炎、气管炎等引起的细菌感染。由于胎盘在怀孕早期不形成，药物会损害胎儿的生长发育。这种情况建议最好采用食疗进行治疗，可以用冰糖、雪梨进行熬制，具有咳嗽化痰的疗效。也可以向中医咨询，在医生指导下服用中药调理。中药的副作用比西药小得多。饮食一定要注意清淡，少吃辛辣食物，注意休息，多喝水。早孕感冒发烧，建议多喝水，注意休息，补充维生素C，防止高热引起脱水。特别是在流感季节，避免拥挤的地方，以防止交叉感染。如果是冷的冷的热的，可以用姜、葱、白糖、红糖、白开水冲泡，配以温解表;如为风热所致，可采用芦苇根、黄芩根、金银花等处理。水，而不是茶，有冷却作用，可以用口服中药汤剂治疗。风寒和一般景观铜板耐磨性降低，具有降温效果;风热感冒引起发烧，可以用银翘粉加或减，用欣亮溶液表。如果发烧持续并伴有咳嗽和哮喘症状，建议去妇产科，选择对胎儿或孕妇没有影响的药物。避免先兆流产、流产和畸形的风险。头痛症状不明显时，建议卧床休息，配合按摩、热敷、艾灸等理疗，促进脑血供，起到解痉止痛的作用。一般情况下，头痛症状可逐渐缓解，休息后消失。如果治疗不能缓解头痛，应明确头痛的原因，如上呼吸道感染，并在必要的对症治疗时应结合药物，如感冒灵颗粒、抗病毒口服液、多喝水、补充维生素C以改善。 |
孕初期胎停育有哪些症状？孕初期就是妇女怀孕的早期，可能她们自己都还不知道，但是身体会给出一些信号或者暗示，当出现这种类似的感觉的时候，尽早的去医院检查一下，来确定是否是怀孕了。那么，孕初期胎停育有哪些症状呢?我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。孕妇在怀孕之后，主要症状就是停经，早孕反应，乳房胀疼和乳头疼痛，再就是尿频。而在胚胎停育之后，早孕反应会消失，孕妇没有晨起呕吐，恶心，嗜睡这些反应，乳房胀疼和乳头疼痛也会消失，有可能会见红。所以一旦出现这些症状，应该立即去医院进行检查，通过B超检查，一般就能明确诊断。这些症状和胚胎停育之后，孕妇体内激素水平下降有关系。胚胎停止发育即稽留流产，一般可能出现阴道出血、下腹部胀痛、腰酸腰胀等症状。但是少部分在孕初期也是没有特殊症状的，通过B超检查，抽血化验孕酮、HCG、雌二醇可以初判断胚胎发育情况，经过积极保胎治疗后提示数值翻倍不良反而降低，B超孕囊较大但仍是空囊或者没有原始胎心血管搏动，则提示胚胎停止发育了，需要积极处理，以免引起宫内感染或者机化。孕早期一旦出现胎停育，有可能出现，阴道暗褐色出血，或者阵发性下腹部隐痛，有时还会发现乳房胀痛感消失了，早孕反应自然停止了，但是也有一部分妇女没有任何症状，往往是孕前检查时，意外发现胚胎发育停止了。一旦确诊为胚胎发育停止，需要积极终止妊娠，常常可以选择药物流产或者人工流产的方式，避免稽留流产，因为稽留流产很容易导致凝血功能障碍。 |
右心衰的典型体征是什么？心衰是指由于心脏的收缩功能和（或）舒张功能发生障碍，不能将静脉回心血量充分排出心脏，导致静脉系统血液淤积，动脉系统血液灌注不足，从而引起心脏循环障碍症候群，此种障碍症候群集中表现为肺淤血、腔静脉淤血。心力衰竭并不是一个独立的疾病，而是心脏疾病发展的终末阶段。其中绝大多数的心力衰竭都是以左心衰竭开始的，即首先表现为肺循环淤血。那么右心衰的典型体征是什么呢？下面就让我们一起来了解一下吧。右心衰的典型体征有以下几点：1、急性心力衰竭（1）早期表现右心功能降低的早期征兆为心功能正常者出现疲乏、运动耐力明显减低、心率增加15～20次/分，继而出现劳力性呼吸困难、夜间阵发性呼吸困难、高枕睡眠等；检查可见左心室增大、舒张早期或中期奔马律、两肺底部有湿啰音、干啰音和哮鸣音。（2）急性肺水肿起病急，病情可迅速发展至危重状态。突发的严重呼吸困难、端坐呼吸、喘息不止、烦躁不安并有恐惧感，呼吸频率可达30～50次/分；频繁咳嗽并咯出大量粉红色泡沫样痰；心率快，心尖部常可闻及奔马律；两肺满布湿啰音和哮鸣音。（3）心源性休克2、慢性心力衰竭（1）右心衰的症状和体征：主要表现为慢性持续性淤血引起的各脏器功能改变，患者可出现腹部或腿部水肿，并以此为首要或惟一症状而就医，运动耐量损害是逐渐发生的，可能未引起患者注意，除非仔细寻问日常生活能力发生的变化。查体除原有的心脏病体征外，还可发现心脏增大、颈静脉充盈、肝大和压痛、发绀、下垂性水肿和胸腹水等。（2）舒张性心力衰竭的症状和体征：心室松弛性和顺应性减低使心室充盈量减少和充盈压升高，导致肺循环和体循环淤血。初期症状不明显，随着病情发展可出现运动耐力下降、气促、肺水肿。以上就是针对右心衰的典型体征是什么这一问题的解答，希望对大家有所帮助，一般患者应采取高枕位睡眠；较重者采取半卧位或坐位。限制体力活动，心力衰竭较重的患者以卧床休息为主；心功能改善后，应适当下床活动，以免下肢血栓形成和肺部感染。一定要戒烟、戒酒，保持心态平衡，同时还要保证充足的睡眠。 |
HMCS Snowberry was a that was originally built for the Royal Navy, but spent most of the war in service with the Royal Canadian Navy. She fought primarily as a convoy escort during the Second World War. She served primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic.
Background
Flower-class corvettes like Snowberry serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes. The "corvette" designation was created by the French for classes of smaller warships just below a frigate in size and power, but above a sloop or gunvessel; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period during the 19th Century, but discontinued its use after the 1880s, with the introduction of a new rating system for cruising warships. During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette designation, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design. The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.
Construction
Snowberry was ordered by the Royal Navy (RN) 22 January 1940 as part of the 1939-1940 Flower-class building program. She was laid down by George T. Davie & Sons Ltd. at Lauzon on 24 February 1940 and launched on 8 August 1940. She was commissioned into the RN on 26 November 1940. She sailed to the United Kingdom in February 1941 and was completed at Greenock in April 1941. On 15 May 1941 Snowberry was one of ten corvettes loaned to Canada. She could be told apart from other Canadian Flowers by her lack of minesweeping gear and the siting of the after gun tub amidships.
During her career Snowberry had three significant refits. The first took place at Charleston beginning in December 1941 and taking six weeks to complete. Her second overhaul took place again at Charleston from March 1943 until 14 May 1943. In late March 1944 she went to Baltimore, Maryland for a five-week refit.
War service
Royal Navy
After completing at Greenock and working up at Tobermory, Snowberry was assigned to Western Approaches Command. In June 1941, she sailed for Newfoundland after being loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy.
Royal Canadian Navy
Upon her arrival in Newfoundland in June 1941 she joined Newfoundland Command as a convoy escort between St. John's and Iceland. From July to October 1941 she was deployed as such. She departed for a short refit and upon her return in February 1942 she was briefly deployed as an ocean escort once again.
In March 1942 Snowberry transferred to Western Local Escort Force (WLEF). In June 1942, after the U-boats had begun attacking oil tankers sailing along the North American coast, she joined the newly formed Tanker Escort Force. In September 1942 she was placed under American control escorting convoys between Guantánamo and New York.
She returned to service after her second major refit in August 1943, when she was assigned to Royal Navy controlled escort group EG 5. On 23 August 1943 Snowberry as part of the 5th Support Group, was deployed to relieve the 40th Escort Group which was undertaking a U-boat hunt off Cape Ortegal. The warships of both groups were attacked by 14 Dornier Do 217s and 7 Junkers Ju 87s that were carrying a new weapon the Henschel Hs 293 anti-ship guided missile. Several sailors were injured and killed in (40th EG) but Snowberry escaped damage. Two days later, the 5th SG was relieved by the 1st Support Group and the warships of both groups were again attacked by 18 Dornier Do 217s also carrying Hs 293 weapons. was heavily damaged and was sunk but Snowberry again escaped damage.
On 20 November 1943 Snowberry, along with and , depth charged and sank northeast of the Azores at 43° 50N, 19° 39W.
When the group replaced its corvettes with frigates in March 1944, Snowberry departed for her final refit. After workups she was briefly assigned to WLEF again but transferred to Portsmouth Command in mid-September 1944. She remained with them until she was decommissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy.
Post-war service
Snowberry was paid off from the RCN on 8 June 1945 when she was returned to the Royal Navy at Rosyth. In 1946 she was used as a target ship off Portsmouth. Her remains were sold for scrap and in August 1947 she was broken up at Middlesbrough.
Notes
References
The Naval Museum of Manitoba's page devoted to HMCS Snowberry .
Uboat.net page devoted to HMCS Snowberry.
HMCS Snowberry on the Arnold Hague database at convoyweb.org.uk.
External links
HMCS SNOWBERRY Ship's Company February 1945 – Portsmouth, England
Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy
Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Navy
1940 ships
Ships built in Lévis |
乳房周围有点疼痛什么原因？乳房美是女性美的重要象征，虽然女性的胸肌比男性弱，但为了获得健美的乳房，她们必须以健美的胸肌为基础，女性胸肌健康的标准是强壮，柔软和有弹性。日常应该注意生活习惯，避免加重和恶化，少吃油炸食品，动物脂肪，甜食及过多进补食品，要多吃蔬菜和水果类，多吃粗粮，黑黄豆最好，多吃核桃,黑芝麻，黑木耳等，劳逸结合，这个时候乳房会随着雌孕激素的变化而出现一系列的变化，一般不会有大的问题，如果是持续性疼痛建议查个乳腺B超，一般是要考虑有患了乳腺增生的病情引起的，不过如果说是在两次月经中间这段时间出现疼痛，也可能是因为到了排卵期的原因的，乳房疼痛与很多因素相关，最常见的是乳腺增生症引起的疼痛，此类疼痛多发生在月经前，与工作压力大，情绪波动大及进食雌激素含量高的食物等相关。这种情况要引起重视，最常见的是乳腺增生，纤维瘤，囊肿等等，但是也有一小部分是肿瘤，建议及时去乳腺科就诊，通过彩超，钼钯检查，明确肿块的性质，大小，具体部位等等，然后根据情况进行治疗，女性在月经来潮前有乳房胀满,发硬,压痛的现象，重者乳房受轻微震动或碰撞就会胀痛难受，这是由于经前体内雌激素水平增高，乳腺增生,乳房间组织水肿引起的，月经来前的乳房及胸部两侧胀疼症状，是与来月经前你体内的激素变化有关系，如果症状轻微的话，女性乳房触痛分为三种情况，一种是乳房仍在发育，一种是月经前的生理疼痛，最后一种是病态疼痛，然而，根据你的情况，应该是身体乳房疼痛。 |
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