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楤木是什么?？楤木是五加科楤木属的植物，分布于中国大陆、台湾、越南和婆罗洲。 |
安全係數（英语：factor of safety 或 safety factor），簡稱SF，但通常以FS表示，是指一個結構或是機械所能負荷的負載可以超過預期負載的程度。
安全系數為大於等於1的數值，安全系數越高，表示結構或機械的安全度越高，但也意味著其成本也相對提高。
一般而言，結構所能負荷的程度需比預期的負載要大。在許多專案中（如橋樑及建築物），不可能進行完整的測試，但先確定結構允許負荷的程度，而且需要到一定的準確度。
許多系統在設計時會加以考量，不止在正常條件下可以使用，在一些較特殊的嚴酷條件下（如緊急情形、較預期要大的負載、異常使用或系統退化）仍能正常使用。
二種定義
安全係數有二種不同的定義：一種是絕對強度（結構能力）相對實際負載（或是所需負載）的比例，這是量測特定設計可靠度的方式。另一種則是在法律、标准、設計規格、契约或是習慣上訂定的一個常數，結構的能力相對額定負載的比例需等於或是大於此一數值。
上述第一種定義的安全係數（計算值）也可以稱為實際安全係數而第二種定義的安全係數（要求值）則稱為設計係數、設計設計係數或要求設計係數'。但不同的產業或是工程團體中的用法不一定一致，常會造成困擾。因此在應用時需知道所使用的是哪一個定義。不一致和困擾的原因是許多參考書籍及標準團體都使用「安全係數」，但使用的定義不同。像設計規範（design codes）及結構工程及機械工程的教科書中常用安全係數來表示結構能力和實際負載的比例（上述的第一種定義）。而許多大學的材料力学書籍是以安全係數為一個事先提出的定值（上述的第二種定義）。
計算
計算安全系數的方式有許多種，在本質上所有方法都在計算同一件事：系統可以比預期的負載要多承受多少負載。各算法的差異是在於計算數值及比較基準的不同。安全系數的值可以視為比較不同系統之間可靠度差異的基準。
若一系統安全系數大於一，不表示它一定安全。許多品質保證、工程設計、製造、安裝及使用上的因素都會影響一系統在特定應用下的安全性。
相關條目
極限狀況設計
冗餘
犧牲件
驗證及確認
参考文献
工程概念
安全 |
Neal Francis (born Neal Francis O’Hara; September 4, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. Influenced by classic New Orleans artists such as Dr. John, the Meters, and Allen Toussaint, in addition to Sly Stone, Billy Preston, and Curtis Mayfield, he released his first album in 2019. His second album, In Plain Sight—a "revelatory blast of soul, R&B, and off-the-rails piano jams"—was released on ATO Records in 2021.
Early life and education
Francis was born in Livingston, New Jersey and raised in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. He began playing the piano when he was a very young child, mimicking the sounds he heard on television. He started taking piano lessons with a classical teacher when he was four, and at 12, drawn to the blues, he began studying with boogie-woogie pianist Erwin Helfer. He played in his first band, the Reverend Funk Connection, in high school, and as a teenager sat in with blues artists at Chicago clubs. He briefly attended the University of Illinois at Chicago, where he studied architecture.
Career
Mud Morganfield, The Heard, Changes
After graduating from high school, Francis played live dates with prominent blues artists including singer Mud Morganfield, the oldest son of Muddy Waters. In 2012, he joined The Heard, an instrumental funk band, and became the band's primary songwriter. A heavy drinker, and "addicted to everything", Francis was kicked out of the band in 2015. After getting sober he decided to go solo.
In 2017, with bassist Mike Starr and drummer PJ Howard from The Heard, Francis began recording his first album, Changes, at producer Sergio Rios' Killion Studios in Los Angeles. In a blog post, he wrote: “Drinking held my music in a half-cocked slingshot. I was always so consumed by drugs and alcohol that I didn’t have the time, money, or creative energy to do it. Sobriety let it loose." In February 2018, with the basic tracks finished, Francis signed with Karma Chief Records, a subsidiary of Colemine Records. He spent the following months doing overdubs in Chicago with engineer Mike Novak. (Novak also recorded demos for the project, which were released as Changes (Demos) in 2021.)
Changes was released in September 2019. It received significant praise from music critics, and made Album of the Year lists at radio stations including KEXP, KCRW, KDHX, WYCE, and Indie 102.3.
In Plain Sight, Sentimental Garbage
While touring in support of Changes, Francis and his longtime girlfriend broke up. When he returned to Chicago he moved into St. Peter's United Church of Christ, where he had once worked as a music minister. He said that a combination of sleep deprivation and emotional exhaustion emboldened him to ask if he could stay at the parsonage.
Francis signed with ATO Records in 2020. He began working on his second album, In Plain Sight, during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The album was recorded in a full studio attached to the parsonage that Francis built with his bandmates. Collaborating once again with Rios, In Plain Sight was recorded entirely on analog tape in a full recording studio using several analog tape machines (including a TASCAM 388 and Tascam MS-16). The band recorded the album with Rios between September and December 2020; overdubs were completed in January 2021. Grammy Award-winner Dave Fridmann mixed the album later that spring.
The album's first single, “Can't Stop the Rain” (featuring Derek Trucks on slide guitar), was released on August 17, 2021.It was followed by “Alameda Apartments”, “Prometheus” and “Problems.” The full album debuted on November 5, 2021.
Among other media outlets, In Plain Sight was praised by KCRW (“an unapologetically joyful, electric feel that makes for just the jolt to the system we needed"); Rolling Stone (“Francis captures a sound that's somewhere between Elton John and Little Feat”); and Uproxx (“lovers of Dr. John, Leon Russell, and The Meters will immediately feel at home amid Francis’ fat-bottomed, bluesy bangers”).
The first radio single from In Plain Sight was “Can't Stop The Rain." It was the most added song on Adult Alternative Radio the week it debuted. It also spent 26 weeks on the Americana chart.
In November 2022 Francis released the EP Sentimental Garbage. It includes songs recorded during the original album sessions for In Plain Sight at St. Peter's as well as cover songs recorded for the online music blog Aquarium Drunkard. Sentimental Garbage was the working title for In Plain Sight.
Discography
Changes (2019)
"Don't Call Me No More" / "How Have I Lived (Reprise)" (2020)
Changes (Demos) EP (2021)
In Plain Sight (2021)
Sentimental Garbage EP (2022)
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
American pianists
Musicians from Livingston, New Jersey
American male singer-songwriters |
斑點珍龜（學名：Homopus signatus）是珍龜屬下小型龜，世上最小的龜之一。原生於南非和納米比亞南部。
其活動範圍只局限於小纳马夸兰和南非西部乾旱地區，雄性大小約，雌性約。重。貝殼扁平有鋸緣，顏色由褐色到橘色不等。
斑點珍龜有兩個亞種：
納馬夸蘭斑點珍龜（Homopus signatus signatus）活動于南非-納米比亞交界處及納米比亞南部。
南部斑點珍龜（Homopus signatus cafer，即以前的H. s. peersi）活動於開普敦附近。
參考文獻
珍龜屬
南非爬行動物 |
宫颈糜烂做了手术一个多月可以同房吗？宫颈糜烂的所谓分度诊断，称之为轻度、中度和重度，认为范围的大小是炎症程度的轻重，面积小于1/3是轻度，1/3-2/3是中度，超过2/3是重度，宫颈糜烂并不是真正意义上的糜烂，是慢性宫颈炎的一种表现形式，当宫颈外口表皮的脱落被宫颈口另外一种上皮组织所代替，由于遇到覆盖面的新生上皮菲薄，甚至可以看到下方的血管和红色的组织，看上去就像糜烂。其实是受雌激素影响后柱状上皮外翻的程度不同，都属正常生理现象。宫颈糜烂做了手术一个多月可以同房吗，下面我们来看一下：1：宫颈糜烂做微创手术应该禁止性生活最好在8周左右！如果过早性生活！容易引起细菌上行感染，继发阴道炎症，盆腔炎症:。2、一个月以后才可以有性生活，但如果一个月后仍然有阴道出血的话，就不可以，需要等到阴道不再出血才可以有性生活，过早的性生活有可能对宫颈造成刺激，影响治疗恢复。3、一般宫颈糜烂手术后一个月内最好不要同房的，宫颈糜烂手术后过早的同房容易感染炎症和影响创面恢复的。4、女性有宫颈糜烂手术后的一个月内不要有性生活，不要洗盆浴，不要吃辛辣，刺激性，生冷的食物。术后一个月，进行复查，如果恢复的很好，两个月恢复性生活的。性生活之前一定要注意双方的局部卫生，平时也要多注意阴部有清洁，平时以纯棉，透气好的内裤为主。宫颈糜烂手术之后更需要的是让自己好好的休息起来，并且还要高度重视起自己的夫妻生活问题。其次在卫生清洁问题上也要好好的注意一下。这些都是可以帮助疾病可以治愈需要注意的一些事情，患者一定要好好的记住才可以。 |
复方阿米三嗪片的副作用（不良反应）？极少数患者可有恶心、呕吐、头晕、心悸，继续服药后症状大多自行缓解。 |
硬皮豆（学名：）为豆科硬皮豆属下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
uniflorum |
，是一个總部位於美國加利福尼亞州聖荷西市的因特網第三方支付服務提供商，允許在使用電子郵件來標示身份的用户之間轉移資金，避免了傳統的郵寄支票或者匯款的方法。也和一些電子商務網站合作，成為它們的付款方式之一；但是用這種付錢方式轉帳時，收取數額比例相當高昂的手續費。
發展
PayPal在1998年12月由、马克斯·列夫琴、、伊隆·馬斯克及彼得·泰爾建立，是由Confinity及X.com两家公司合并而成。
其後，PayPal於2000年起陆续扩充业务，如在其他国家推出业务及加入美元、英鎊、加元、欧元、澳元、日圓、新台幣及港元等货币单位。
2002年10月，全球最大拍卖网站eBay以15亿美元收购PayPal，PayPal成为eBay的主要付款途径之一。
现在，PayPal已经支持超过193个地区，注册用户数量超过二亿五千万（2012年）。PayPal是目前全球最大的在线支付提供商。
2002年3月，两名PayPal用户控告PayPal违反了《电子资金传送法》（EFTA）及加州法律，但辩方PayPal否认一切控罪。该两宗官司随后合併作一宗共同起诉；PayPal于2003年11月提出非正式和解，并于2004年6月11日签署了正式和解书，并把业务改至切合电子资金传送法及赔偿被冻客户925万美元。
2013年PayPal以8亿美元收购Braintree。
2015年3月3日PayPal以2.9亿美元收购电子钱包公司Paydiant。
2015年6月27日eBay董事会同意分拆PayPal上市，持有eBay股份的投资者，每股eBay普通股将可以获得1股PayPal普通股。这些PayPal股票将于7月17日发放，而PayPal股票将于7月20日以PYPL的股票代码交易在纳斯达克交易所挂牌上市。
2015年7月2日PayPal以8.9亿美元收购美国旧金山的跨境汇款公司Xoom，踏入规模5860亿美元的跨境汇款市场。
2017年2月15日PayPal以2.33亿美元现金收购加拿大支付平台TIONetwork，将帐单支付业务移转到TIO Networks的云端平台。
2017年8月11日PayPal以1.83亿美元收购网络借贷公司Swift Financial，以扩大其业务，为商户提供营运资金。
2018年5月18日PayPal斥资22亿美元（约171.6亿港元），收购瑞典初创同业iZettle，以扩展店内支付服务覆盖率。
2018年6月4日PayPal收购人工智能（AI）零售系统开发商Jetlore。
2018年6月20日PayPal斥资4亿美元收购团体付款平台HyperWallet。
2018年6月25日PayPal斥资1.2亿美元收购反诈骗风险管理平台Simility，将以此加强自己的相关安全功能。
2019年9月30日PayPal透过子公司美银宝信息技术（上海）有限公司，收购海航集团旗下第三方支付公司国付宝信息科技有限公司70%的股权，成为国付宝实际控制人并进入中国支付服务市场，PayPal也为首家进入大陆市场的外资支付机构。
2019年11月22日PayPal以40亿美元现金收购购物优惠券平台Honey的母公司Honey Science。
2021年3月8日，Paypal收购Curv，交易金额未披露。
2021年5月7日，Paypal收购Chargehound，交易金额未披露。
2021年5月13日，Paypal收购Happy Returns，交易金额未披露。
特点
PayPal上所有付款人等同于买家(buyer)，而收款人等同于卖家(seller)。
付款免费；本国（同一国家）收款收取1.5%+0.3美元，跨国（不同国家）收取3.9%+0.3美元；亦可申请小额收款（国内）5%+0.05美元，跨国6%+0.05美元。其他币种参考相关说明。
只要登录后，即可以付款；商品付款会要求确认并扣手续费；集中付款由付款方支付手续费，收款方无需确认即收款。
保护买家（付款人）原则：如果付款人已经付款，但之后提出申诉，PayPal会不问原由地冻结那笔资金，并即时退回。待双方自行谈妥后，再重新付款。但这样往往被诈骗分子利用，所以在eBay以外做交易，是非常没有保障的。
限制或冻结账户：最小的限制是不能注销账户；账户被冻结后，只能收款不能付款、提现。只能向PayPal求助解冻，但需要漫长的等待。最大的限制是180天限制，主要针对侵权及违反法律规定的交易。
信息审核：PayPal会严格审核用户的个人资料，目的是禁止洗黑钱或资金流向恐怖分子，或朝鲜、伊朗等国家。如账户中涉及企业、组织等属性会被要求上传税单、地址等证明，一旦不如期提供即会被冻结账号。越高级的账号越多审查，因此个人账户一般很少审查。PayPal会经常检测用户登录账号时的IP，如常变换IP则会被限制（甚至冻结），这样虽然可以有效防止账号被盗用，但是如果经常用手机上网，或用周围的Wi-Fi上网，就有被限制的风险，也相当不便。
优点
保护付款人。
支持多币种，并能即时兑换（但要收2.5%的手续费）。
中國大陸对中國大陸用户收款1.5%+0.3美元，非美元不能享受。
个人账号收款免费，但于2012年已经取消此优惠，即所有账号类型都统一收费。
美国银行与香港银行取现免费。
美国银行提取美元
香港银行大于1,000港元免费，少于1,000港元收取3.50港元。需先将币种兑换为港币，会损失兑换的费用。
其他国家的提现方法有：电汇（收取35美元费用）、支票（收取5美元费用，但有寄失的风险，支票退回也要同样收费，另外银行托收也需要额外费用，实际比电汇要高），PayPal不允许付款至他人的方式取现，有被冻结的风险。
付款后有60天的反悔期。买家付款后，买家可在45天内发起未收到货的投诉；买家收到的产品与购买时描述不符，也可发起争议。
缺点
对收款人限制特别多：如忽然收到一笔不明来源的款项就会被PayPal认为是可疑款项而限制，并要求解释款项的来源，如解释得不到PayPal接受则被冻结。
解冻时间长，需要提供许多隐私资料。
收款手续费高，本国2.4%－3.4%+0.3美元，外国2.9%－3.9%+0.3美元。
對商戶保障不高，有退单拒付的風險
收款時間過慢
评价
PayPal作為電子錢包只有基本的付款與收款功能，收款、提現都要收費。其主要特色是使用信用卡付款透過PayPal保護了隱私，但是手續費相較於其他支付工具（如skrill、payza）相对比較高昂。
在eBay交易中，通過“信用”、“評價”的規則，買賣雙方會受到一定的保護。但是其保護機制較偏向買家一方。在eBay以外交易，只要向PayPal申訴“未授權交易”，或是向銀行申訴“信用卡被盜”，PayPal就可以馬上退回款項。对于这项机制，PayPal提供的反悔期達60天。
PayPal与eBay的相关手续费高昂，例如收款一般为4.4%+0.3美元，而Skrill仅为付款1%（1欧元（或约0.67美元）封顶），Payza收款仅2.5%+0.25美元。提现费PayPal电汇费高达35美元，Skrill仅2.4美元，Payza为15美元。
卡特里娜颶風募款爭議
2005年9月，佛罗里达州检察官总署關閉了一個透過PayPal籌募卡特里娜颶風賑災經費的網站，指該網站違例募捐。
另外，PayPal也把Something Awful網站站長Richard Kyanka的帳戶凍結，他的帳戶用作為紅十字會籌募卡特里娜颶風賑災經費，在9小時內籌得30,000美元後，PayPal便把他的帳戶凍結，而解凍條件是要提交「物品付運證明」。Kyanka沒有透過該帳戶銷售物品，並向PayPal表示該筆錢是捐助紅十字會，PayPal回應說不能這樣做，但可以提交予另一慈善團體，最初Kyanka答允傳錢予United Way，但後來他發現United Way面對的法律問題後，便要求PayPal退回款項。
PayPal中國大陸
中國大陸稱PayPal為貝寶，是2005年與上海網付易信息技術有限公司合作開通的網絡支付服務。貝寶使用人民幣作為唯一的貨幣，不能兌換其他貨幣用作國際支付。
从PayPal提现到中國大陸有四种途径：
提现到中國大陸的银行，是比较实用的方式。目前中國大陸有13家银行可支持PayPal提现，PayPal固定收取35美元，提現失败的退还费用是15美元。由于电汇方式費用固定（35美元，等於在香港银行兌換1,400美元所收取的2.5%的兑换费），故超过1,400美元以电汇提现費率更低。中國大陸的银行有50,000美元／年的限额，香港银行没有限制。
通过香港银行提现，美元兑成港元收2.5%兑换费，1,000港元或以上免费，1,000港元以下收3.5港元。提现失败的退还费是20港元。通过香港银行提现是比较方便廉价快捷的方式，网上流行的招行两地一卡通已经于2012年停止办理，并且分拆为中国招行卡与香港招行卡两张卡。除了招行之外，中国银行、工商银行、交通银行、建设银行都允许内地人在内地申请香港户，也可亲自到香港开户2天左右。不过香港账户普遍要收年费，活期10万元以上免费，不足则收取约60港元，另外还要算上港元兑人民币的汇率。当然直接使用港元比较划算，适合经常去香港消费的人士。
提现到美国的本地银行，但是需要亲自到美国开户，并要提供美国居住证明、社保号、驾驶证等证明，非美国人很难开户。
此外，还可以从PayPal免费提现到Payoneer虚拟美国账号和Payoneer万事达预付卡。一般2天内都能到账，到时可以拿Payoneer卡在中國大陸的银行ATM取出人民币。但需要注意的是，以上只是说paypal提现免费，payoneer補發新卡$12.95，年费$29.95，目前Payoneer已不收取入账费，提现到银行的话收1.2%的手续费。ATM提款或销售点/银行柜台现金支出每次收$3.15，加上汇率转换3.5%。提现费用实际上比电汇更加高昂
申请支票，如果经中介行要托收将增加提现成本，存在寄失的风险，不比电汇便宜。
PayPal 公司通力合作為中國市場度身定做的網絡支付服務。由於中國現行的外匯管制等政策因素，PayPal貝寶僅在中國地區受理人民幣業務。若您是從事跨國交易的賣家，建議您使用PayPal賬戶。
PayPal台灣
2015年9月9日，PayPal網站宣布停止台灣內帳戶間收付款交易，只提供跨國交易。2017年3月起，PayPal陸續關閉台灣帳號之台灣內收付交易功能，并在5月9日全數完成關閉。
玉山銀行已經再次引入Paypal正式合作，稱作「玉山全球通」。
參見
eBay
参考文献
外部链接
PayPal官网
PayPal
EBay
支付系统
數位貨幣
行動支付
聖荷西公司
再次上市公司企業
1998年成立的公司
2002年首次公開募股
總部在美國的跨國公司
美國品牌
美国金融公司
2002年併購
伊隆·馬斯克 |
Events
February 18 – Chinese violinist Vanessa-Mae represents Thailand at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
September 7 – The Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra makes its Proms début. Musical director Han-na Chang resigns the following day.
November 23 – The Grand finals of Iglesia ni Cristo's Songs of Faith, Love, & Hope: International Singing Competition are held in Philippine Arena.
Albums
2NE1 – Crush
2PM – Genesis of 2PM
AKB48 – Tsugi no Ashiato
Babymetal – Babymetal
Band-Maid – Maid in Japan
BiS – Who Killed Idol?
Buck-Tick – Arui wa Anarchy
Jay Chou – Aiyo, Not Bad
Crayon Pop – Uh-ee
Donghae&Eunhyuk – Ride Me
Girl's Day – Best Album
Imran Mahmudul – Bolte Bolte Cholte Cholte
Anupam Roy – Bakyobageesh
Ringo Sheena – Gyakuyunyū: Kōwankyoku
Super Junior – Mamacita
Classical
Unsuk Chin – Clarinet Concerto
Opera
Lei Lei – Visitors on the Icy Mountain
Deaths
January 5 – K. P. Udayabhanu, Indian playback singer, 77
April 19 – Bashir Ahmad, Bangladeshi playback singer, 73
May 23 – Anand Modak, Indian composer and director, 63 (heart attack)
July 1 – Oscar Yatco, Filipino conductor and violinist, 83
July 5 – Sharifah Aini, Malaysian veteran singer and entertainer, "Biduanita Negara" (National Songstress), 61
September 3 – Habib Wali Mohammad, Pakistani ghazal and film playback singer, 93
September 7 – Kwon Ri-se, Japanese/South Korean singer (Ladies' Code), 23 (injuries sustained in car accident)
September 19 – Francisco Feliciano, Filipino composer and conductor, National Artist of the Philippines for Music, 73
October 27 – Shin Hae-chul, South Korean singer (N.EX.T) and record producer, 46 (heart attack)
November 26 – Sabah, Lebanese singer, 87
See also
2014 in music
2014 in Japanese music
2014 in Philippine music
2014 in South Korean music
List of 2014 albums
References
Asia
Asian music
2014 in Asia |
胃癌的临床表现？1、早期胃癌70%以上无明显症状，随着病情的发展，可逐渐出现非特异性的、类同于胃炎或胃溃疡的症状，包括上腹部饱胀不适或隐痛、泛酸、嗳气、恶心，偶有呕吐、食欲减退、消化不良、黑便等。2、进展期胃癌（即中晚期胃癌）症状见胃区疼痛，常为咬啮性，与进食无明显关系，也有类似消化性溃疡疼痛，进食后可以缓解。上腹部饱胀感、沉重感、厌食、腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、消瘦、贫血、水肿、发热等。贲门癌主要表现为剑突下不适，疼痛或胸骨后疼痛，伴进食梗阻感或吞咽困难；胃底及贲门下区癌常无明显症状，直至肿瘤巨大而发生坏死溃破引起上消化道出血时才引起注意，或因肿瘤浸润延伸到贲门口引起吞咽困难后始予重视；胃体部癌以膨胀型较多见，疼痛不适出现较晚；胃窦小弯侧以溃疡型癌最多见，故上腹部疼痛的症状出现较早，当肿瘤延及幽门口时，则可引起恶心、呕吐等幽门梗阻症状。癌肿扩散转移可引起腹水、肝大、黄疸及肺、脑、心、前列腺、卵巢、骨髓等的转移而出现相应症状。 |
Ernest Leo Kolber, (January 18, 1929 – January 9, 2020) was a Canadian businessman, philanthropist and Senator, serving from 1983 to 2004.
Early life and career
Kolber was born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Luba (Kahan) and Moses Kolber, a doctor. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1949 and a Bachelor of Law in 1952 from McGill University. He was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1952.
Business
Kolber was President of Cemp Investments, a family holding company for the children of Samuel Bronfman. In the 1960s, Kolber played a key role in the construction of the Toronto Dominion Centre, a landmark building complex designed by Mies van der Rohe that is credited with helping to elevate Toronto to the status of a world class city. Kolber was also instrumental in two major Bronfman deals: Seagram's purchase of a stake in DuPont and the sale of the Cadillac-Fairview real estate company at the height of its value in 1987. In the process, Kolber acquired considerable wealth in his own right, including $100 million for arranging the Cadillac-Fairview sale.
Author Peter C. Newman wrote in his 1975 book The Canadian Establishment that Kolber was so close to the Bronfman family that "Sam [Bronfman] treated him as a son and Leo worshipped Sam as a father." Newman calls Kolber "the non-Bronfman Bronfman with the big brain" and "a tough cookie," but goes on to say that Kolber "was always honest and had a sense of humor about himself." A character based on a caricature of Kolber appears in the Mordecai Richler novel Solomon Gursky Was Here; the portrait is highly unflattering.
For many years, Kolber was the chief fundraiser for the Liberal Party of Canada. He also served on the boards of many companies, including Seagram, MGM, and the Toronto-Dominion Bank.
Personal life
Kolber's late wife Sandra was a published poet and film executive who served on the board of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and was a recipient of the Governor General's Performing Arts Award in 1994. Sandra and Leo Kolber were among Montreal's most active philanthropists. Causes included The Montreal Symphony Orchestra, McGill University and The Jewish General Hospital.
Kolber's close friendship with former Israeli President and Prime Minister Shimon Peres dates back to the 1950s. Kolber's son Jonathan is an Israeli citizen who was chairman of Koor Industries Ltd., an Israeli investment firm.
Senate Tenure
In 1983, Kolber was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Victoria, Quebec. He was the Chairman of the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce. Kolber played a role in reducing Canada's capital gains taxes. He advocated a change in government policy to permit bank mergers, but did not prevail.
In December 2000, the National Assembly of Quebec condemned Yves Michaud, a former Parti Québécois delegate-general to Paris, for repeating on the radio angry remarks he had made to Kolber in a Montreal barber shop. Michaud had said that Jews weren't the only people in the world to have suffered. The controversy escalated into what became known as l'Affaire Michaud. Quebec Premier Lucien Bouchard subsequently resigned, citing support for Michaud within the Parti Québécois as one of his reasons.
Controversy
In November 2017 an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism cited his name in the list of politicians named in "Paradise Papers" allegations.
Retirement and death
Kolber retired from the Senate shortly before his 75th birthday in 2004. In 2005, he was appointed Chair of the Advisory Council on National Security.
In 2007, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
On January 8, 2020, Kolber died at his home in Montreal from Alzheimer's disease at age 90.
References
External links
1929 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Anglophone Quebec people
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian corporate directors
Canadian senators from Quebec
Jewish Canadian politicians
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
Liberal Party of Canada senators
McGill University alumni
Officers of the Order of Canada
Politicians from Montreal
21st-century Canadian politicians
McGill University Faculty of Law alumni
People named in the Paradise Papers
Neurological disease deaths in Quebec |
Langport was a rural district in Somerset, England, from 1894 to 1974.
It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894.
In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of South Somerset.
The parishes which used to be in the district include Aller, Babcary, Barrington, Barton St David, Beercrocombe, Charlton Mackrell, Compton Dundon, Curry Mallet, Curry Rivel, Drayton, Fivehead, Hambridge and Westport, High Ham, Huish Episcopi, Isle Abbots, Isle Brewers, Keinton Mandeville, Kingsbury Episcopi, Kingsdon, Kingweston, Langport, Long Sutton, Muchelney, Pitney, Puckington and Somerton.
References
Langport Rural District at Britain Through Time
Local Government Act 1972
Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894
Districts of England abolished by the Local Government Act 1972
History of Somerset
Local government in Somerset
Rural districts of England |
Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name of the group. Araneids have eight similar eyes, hairy or spiny legs, and no stridulating organs.
The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, including many well-known large or brightly colored garden spiders. With 3,108 species in 186 genera worldwide, the Araneidae comprise one of the largest family of spiders (with the Salticidae and Linyphiidae). Araneid webs are constructed in a stereotypical fashion, where a framework of nonsticky silk is built up before the spider adds a final spiral of silk covered in sticky droplets.
Orb webs are also produced by members of other spider families. The long-jawed orb weavers (Tetragnathidae) were formerly included in the Araneidae; they are closely related, being part of the superfamily Araneoidea. The family Arkyidae has been split off from the Araneidae. The cribellate or hackled orb-weavers (Uloboridae) belong to a different group of spiders. Their webs are strikingly similar, but use a different kind of silk.
Description
Generally, orb-weaving spiders are three-clawed builders of flat webs with sticky spiral capture silk. The building of a web is an engineering feat, begun when the spider floats a line on the wind to another surface. The spider secures the line and then drops another line from the center, making a "Y". The rest of the scaffolding follows with many radii of nonsticky silk being constructed before a final spiral of sticky capture silk.
The third claw is used to walk on the nonsticky part of the web. Characteristically, the prey insect that blunders into the sticky lines is stunned by a quick bite, and then wrapped in silk. If the prey is a venomous insect, such as a wasp, wrapping may precede biting and/or stinging. Much of the orb-spinning spiders' success in capturing insects depends on the web not being visible to the prey, with the stickiness of the web increasing the visibility, thus decreasing the chances of capturing prey. This leads to a trade-off between the visibility of the web and the web's prey-retention ability.
Many orb-weavers build a new web each day. Most orb-weavers tend to be active during the evening hours; they hide for most of the day. Generally, towards evening, the spider consumes the old web, rests for about an hour, then spins a new web in the same general location. Thus, the webs of orb-weavers are generally free of the accumulation of detritus common to other species, such as black widow spiders.
Some orb-weavers do not build webs at all. Members of the genera Mastophora in the Americas, Cladomelea in Africa, and Ordgarius in Australia produce sticky globules, which contain a pheromone analog. The globule is hung from a silken thread dangled by the spider from its front legs. The pheromone analog attracts male moths of only a few species. These get stuck on the globule and are reeled in to be eaten. Both genera of bolas spiders are highly camouflaged and difficult to locate.
In the Araneus diadematus, variables such as wind, web support, temperatures, humidity, and silk supply all proved to be variables in web construction. When studied against the tests of nature, the spiders were able to decide what shape to make their web, how many capture spirals, or the width of their web. Though it could be expected for these spiders to just know these things, it isn't well researched yet as to just how the arachnid knows how to change their web design based on their surroundings. Some scientists suggest that it could be through the spider's spatial learning on their environmental surroundings and the knowing of what will or won't work compared to natural behavioristic rules.
The spiny orb-weaving spiders in the genera Gasteracantha and Micrathena look like plant seeds or thorns hanging in their orb-webs. Some species of Gasteracantha have very long, horn-like spines protruding from their abdomens.
One feature of the webs of some orb-weavers is the stabilimentum, a crisscross band of silk through the center of the web. It is found in several genera, but Argiope – the yellow and banded garden spiders of North America – is a prime example. As orb-weavers age, they tend to have less production of their silk; many adult orb-weavers can then depend on their coloration to attract more of their prey. The band may be a lure for prey, a marker to warn birds away from the web, and a camouflage for the spider when it sits in the web. The stabilimentum may decrease the visibility of the silk to insects, thus making it harder for prey to avoid the web. The orb-web consists of a frame and supporting radii overlaid with a sticky capture spiral, and the silks used by orb-weaver spiders have exceptional mechanical properties to withstand the impact of flying prey. The orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata produces a unique orb-web with a characteristic missing sector, similar to other species of the Zygiella genus in the Araneidae family.
During the Cretaceous, a radiation of flowering plants and their insect pollinators occurred. Fossil evidence shows that the orb web was in existence at this time, which permitted a concurrent radiation of the spider predators along with their insect prey. The capacity of orb–webs to absorb the impact of flying prey led orbicularian spiders to become the dominant predators of aerial insects in many ecosystems. Insects and spiders have comparable rates of diversification, suggesting they co-radiated, and the peak of this radiation occurred 100 Mya, before the origin of angiosperms. Vollrath and Selden (2007) make the bold proposition that insect evolution was driven less by flowering plants than by spider predation – particularly through orb webs – as a major selective force. On the other hand some analyses have yielded estimates as high as 265 Mya, with a large number (including Dimitrov et al 2016) intermediate between the two.
Most arachnid webs are vertical and the spiders usually hang with their heads downward. A few webs, such as those of orb-weavers in the genus Metepeira, have the orb hidden within a tangled space of web. Some Metepiera species are semisocial and live in communal webs. In Mexico, such communal webs have been cut out of trees or bushes and used for living fly paper. In 2009, workers at a Baltimore wastewater treatment plant called for help to deal with over 100 million orb-weaver spiders, living in a community that managed to spin a phenomenal web that covered some 4 acres of a building, with spider densities in some areas reaching 35,176 spiders per cubic meter.
Taxonomy
The oldest known true orb-weaver is Mesozygiella dunlopi, from the Lower Cretaceous. Several fossils provide direct evidence that the three major orb-weaving families, namely the Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Uloboridae, had evolved by this time, about 140 Mya. They probably originated during the Jurassic (). Based on new molecular evidence in silk genes, all three families are likely to have a common origin.
The two superfamilies, Deinopoidea and Araneoidea, have similar behavioral sequences and spinning apparatuses to produce architecturally similar webs. The latter weave true viscid silk with an aqueous glue property, and the former use dry fibrils and sticky silk. The Deinopoidea (including the Uloboridae), have a cribellum – a flat, complex spinning plate from which the cribellate silk is released.
They also have a calamistrum – an apparatus of bristles used to comb the cribellate silk from the cribellum. The Araneoidea, or the "ecribellate" spiders, do not have these two structures. The two groups of orb-weaving spiders are morphologically very distinct, yet much similarity exists between their web forms and web construction behaviors. The cribellates retained the ancestral character, yet the cribellum was lost in the escribellates. The lack of a functional cribellum in araneoids is most likely synapomorphic.
If the orb-weaver spiders are a monophyletic group, the fact that only some species in the group lost a feature adds to the controversy. The cribellates are split off as a separate taxon that retained the primitive feature, which makes the lineage paraphyletic and not synonymous with any real evolutionary lineage. The morphological and behavioral evidence surrounding orb webs led to the disagreement over a single or a dual origin. While early molecular analysis provided more support for a monophyletic origin, other evidence indicates that orb-weavers evolved earlier phylogenetically than previously thought, and were extinct at least three times during the Cretaceous.
Reproduction
Araneid species either mate at the central hub of the web, where the male slowly traverses the web, trying not to get eaten, and when reaching the hub, mounts the female; or the male constructs a mating thread inside or outside the web to attract the female via vibratory courtship, and if successful, mating occurs on the thread.
In the cannibalistic and polyandrous orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi, the much smaller males are attacked during their first copulation and are cannibalized in up to 80% of the cases. All surviving males die after their second copulation, a pattern observed on other Argiope species. Whether a male survives his first copulation depends on the duration of the genital contact; males that jump off early (before 5 seconds) have a chance of surviving, while males that copulate longer (greater than 10 seconds) invariably die. Prolonged copulation, although associated with cannibalism, enhances sperm transfer and relative paternity.
When males mated with a nonsibling female, the duration of their copulation was prolonged, and consequently the males were cannibalized more frequently. When males mated with a sibling female, they copulated briefly, thus were more likely to escape cannibalism. By escaping, their chance of mating again with an unrelated female likely would be increased. These observations suggest that males can adaptively adjust their investment based on the degree of genetic relatedness of the female to avoid inbreeding depression.
Sexual size dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism refers to physical differences between males and females of the same species. One such difference can be in size.
Araneids often exhibit size dimorphism typically known as extreme sexual size dimorphism, due to the extent of differences in size. The size difference among species of Araneidae ranges greatly. Some females, such as those of the Nephila pilipes, can be at least 9 times larger than the male, while others are only slightly larger than the male. The larger size female is typically thought to be selected through fecundity selection, the idea that bigger females can produce more eggs, thus more offspring. Although a great deal of evidence points towards the greatest selection pressure on larger female size, some evidence indicates that selection can favor small male size, as well.
Araneids also exhibit a phenomenon called sexual cannibalism, which is commonly found throughout the Araneidae. Evidence suggests a negative correlation between sexual size dimorphism and instances of sexual cannibalism. Other evidence, however, has shown that differences in cannibalistic events among araneids when having smaller or slightly larger males is advantageous.
Some evidence has shown that extreme dimorphism may be the result of males avoiding detection by the females. For males of these species, being smaller in size may be advantageous in moving to the central hub of a web so female spiders may be less likely to detect the male, or even if detected as prey to be eaten, the small size may indicate little nutritional value. Larger-bodied male araneids may be advantageous when mating on a mating thread because the thread is constructed from the edge of the web orb to structural threads or to nearby vegetation. Here larger males may be less likely to be cannibalized, as the males are able to copulate while the female is hanging, which may make them safer from cannibalism. In one subfamily of Araneid that uses a mating thread, Gasteracanthinae, sexual cannibalism is apparently absent despite extreme size dimorphism.
Genera
, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:
Acacesia Simon, 1895 — South America, North America
Acantharachne Tullgren, 1910 — Congo, Madagascar, Cameroon
Acanthepeira Marx, 1883 — North America, Brazil, Cuba
Acroaspis Karsch, 1878 — New Zealand, Australia
Acrosomoides Simon, 1887 — Madagascar, Cameroon, Congo
Actinacantha Simon, 1864 — Indonesia
Actinosoma Holmberg, 1883 — Colombia, Argentina
Aculepeira Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 — North America, Central America, South America, Asia, Europe
Acusilas Simon, 1895 — Asia
Aethriscus Pocock, 1902 — Congo
Aethrodiscus Strand, 1913 — Central Africa
Aetrocantha Karsch, 1879 — Central Africa
Afracantha Dahl, 1914 — Africa
Agalenatea Archer, 1951 — Ethiopia, Asia
Alenatea Song & Zhu, 1999 — Asia
Allocyclosa Levi, 1999 — United States, Panama, Cuba
Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 — Central America, South America, Mexico, Caribbean
Amazonepeira Levi, 1989 — South America
Anepsion Strand, 1929 — Oceania, Asia
Aoaraneus Tanikawa, Yamasaki & Petcharad, 2021 — China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan
Arachnura Clerck, 1863
Araneus Clerck, 1757
Araniella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 — Asia
Aranoethra Butler, 1873 — Africa
Argiope Audouin, 1826 — Asia, Oceania, Africa, North America, South America, Costa Rica, Cuba, Portugal
Artifex Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Australia
Artonis Simon, 1895 — Myanmar, Ethiopia
Aspidolasius Simon, 1887 — South America
Augusta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 — Madagascar
Austracantha Dahl, 1914 — Australia
Backobourkia Framenau, Dupérré, Blackledge & Vink, 2010 — Australia, New Zealand
Bertrana Keyserling, 1884 — South America, Central America
Bijoaraneus Tanikawa, Yamasaki & Petcharad, 2021 — Africa, Asia, Oceania
Caerostris Thorell, 1868 — Africa, Asia
Carepalxis L. Koch, 1872 — Oceania, South America, Mexico, Jamaica
Celaenia Thorell, 1868 — Australia, New Zealand
Cercidia Thorell, 1869 — Russia, Kazakhstan, India
Chorizopes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 — Asia, Madagascar
Chorizopesoides Mi & Wang, 2018 — China, Vietnam
Cladomelea Simon, 1895 — South Africa, Congo
Clitaetra Simon, 1889 — Africa, Sri Lanka
Cnodalia Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia, Japan
Coelossia Simon, 1895 — Sierra Leone, Mauritius, Madagascar
Colaranea Court & Forster, 1988 — New Zealand
Collina Urquhart, 1891 — Australia
Colphepeira Archer, 1941 — United States, Mexico
Courtaraneus Framenau, Vink, McQuillan & Simpson, 2022 — New Zealand
Cryptaranea Court & Forster, 1988 — New Zealand
Cyclosa Menge, 1866 — Caribbean, Asia, Oceania, South America, North America, Central America, Africa, Europe
Cyphalonotus Simon, 1895 — Asia, Africa
Cyrtarachne Thorell, 1868 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
Cyrtobill Framenau & Scharff, 2009 — Australia
Cyrtophora Simon, 1864 — Asia, Oceania, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, South America, Africa
Deione Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
Deliochus Simon, 1894 — Australia, Papua New Guinea
Dolophones Walckenaer, 1837 — Australia, Indonesia
Dubiepeira Levi, 1991 — South America
Edricus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890 — Mexico, Panama, Ecuador
Enacrosoma Mello-Leitão, 1932 — South America, Central America, Mexico
Encyosaccus Simon, 1895 — South America
Epeiroides Keyserling, 1885 — Costa Rica, Brazil
Eriophora Simon, 1864 — Oceania, United States, South America, Central America, Africa
Eriovixia Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea, Africa
Eustacesia Caporiacco, 1954 — French Guiana
Eustala Simon, 1895 — South America, North America, Central America, Caribbean
Exechocentrus Simon, 1889 — Madagascar
Faradja Grasshoff, 1970 — Congo
Friula O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 — Indonesia
Galaporella Levi, 2009 — Ecuador
Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 — Oceania, Asia, United States, Africa, Chile
Gastroxya Benoit, 1962 — Africa
Gea C. L. Koch, 1843 — Africa, Oceania, Asia, United States, Argentina
Gibbaranea Archer, 1951 — Asia, Europe, Algeria
Glyptogona Simon, 1884 — Sri Lanka, Italy, Israel
Gnolus Simon, 1879 — Chile, Argentina
Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
Herennia Thorell, 1877 — Asia, Oceania
Heterognatha Nicolet, 1849 — Chile
Heurodes Keyserling, 1886 — Asia, Australia
Hingstepeira Levi, 1995 — South America
Hortophora Framenau & Castanheira, 2021 — Oceania
Hypognatha Guérin, 1839 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Trinidad
Hypsacantha Dahl, 1914 — Africa
Hypsosinga Ausserer, 1871 — Asia, North America, Greenland, Africa
Ideocaira Simon, 1903 — South Africa
Indoetra Kuntner, 2006 — Sri Lanka
Isoxya Simon, 1885 — Africa, Yemen
Kaira O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 — North America, South America, Cuba, Guatemala
Kapogea Levi, 1997 — Mexico, South America, Central America
Kilima Grasshoff, 1970 — Congo, Seychelles, Yemen
Larinia Simon, 1874 — Asia, Africa, South America, Europe, Oceania, North America
Lariniaria Grasshoff, 1970 — Asia
Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 — Asia
Lariniophora Framenau, 2011 — Australia
Leviana Framenau & Kuntner, 2022 — Australia
Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004 — Asia, France
Lewisepeira Levi, 1993 — Panama, Mexico, Jamaica
Lipocrea Thorell, 1878 — Asia, Europe
Macracantha Simon, 1864 — India, China, Indonesia
Madacantha Emerit, 1970 — Madagascar
Mahembea Grasshoff, 1970 — Central and East Africa
Mangora O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 — Asia, North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean
Mangrovia Framenau & Castanheira, 2022 — Australia
Manogea Levi, 1997 — South America, Central America, Mexico
Mastophora Holmberg, 1876 — South America, North America, Central America, Cuba
Mecynogea Simon, 1903 — North America, South America, Cuba
Megaraneus Lawrence, 1968 — Africa
Melychiopharis Simon, 1895 — Brazil
Metazygia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 — South America, Central America, North America, Caribbean
Metepeira F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 — North America, Caribbean, South America, Central America
Micrathena Sundevall, 1833 — South America, Caribbean, Central America, North America
Micrepeira Schenkel, 1953 — South America, Costa Rica
Micropoltys Kulczyński, 1911 — Papua New Guinea, Australia
Milonia Thorell, 1890 — Singapore, Indonesia, Myanmar
Molinaranea Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Chile, Argentina
Nemoscolus Simon, 1895 — Africa
Nemosinga Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania
Nemospiza Simon, 1903 — South Africa
Neogea Levi, 1983 — Papua New Guinea, India, Indonesia
Neoscona Simon, 1864 — Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, North America, Cuba, South America
Nephila Leach, 1815 — Asia, Oceania, United States, Africa, South America
Nephilengys L. Koch, 1872 — Asia, Oceania
Nephilingis Kuntner, 2013 — South America, Africa
Nicolepeira Levi, 2001 — Chile
Novakiella Court & Forster, 1993 — Australia, New Zealand
Novaranea Court & Forster, 1988 — Australia, New Zealand
Nuctenea Simon, 1864 — Algeria, Asia, Europe
Oarces Simon, 1879 — Brazil, Chile, Argentina
Ocrepeira Marx, 1883 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, North America
Ordgarius Keyserling, 1886 — Asia, Oceania
Paralarinia Grasshoff, 1970 — Congo, South Africa
Paraplectana Brito Capello, 1867 — Asia, Africa
Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886 — Australia
Pararaneus Caporiacco, 1940 — Madagascar
Paraverrucosa Mello-Leitão, 1939 — South America
Parawixia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 — Mexico, South America, Asia, Papua New Guinea, Central America, Trinidad
Parmatergus Emerit, 1994 — Madagascar
Pasilobus Simon, 1895 — Africa, Asia
Perilla Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia
Pherenice Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon
Phonognatha Simon, 1894 — Australia
Pitharatus Simon, 1895 — Malaysia, Indonesia
Plebs Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Oceania, Asia
Poecilarcys Simon, 1895 — Tunisia
Poecilopachys Simon, 1895 — Oceania
Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
Popperaneus Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020 — Brazil, Paraguay
Porcataraneus Mi & Peng, 2011 — India, China
Pozonia Schenkel, 1953 — Caribbean, Paraguay, Mexico, Panama
Prasonica Simon, 1895 — Africa, Asia, Oceania
Prasonicella Grasshoff, 1971 — Madagascar, Seychelles
Pronoides Schenkel, 1936 — Asia
Pronous Keyserling, 1881 — Malaysia, Mexico, Central America, South America, Madagascar
Pseudartonis Simon, 1903 — Africa
Pseudopsyllo Strand, 1916 — Cameroon
Psyllo Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon, Congo
Pycnacantha Blackwall, 1865 — Africa
Rubrepeira Levi, 1992 — Mexico, Brazil
Salsa Framenau & Castanheira, 2022 — Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea
Scoloderus Simon, 1887 — Belize, North America, Argentina, Caribbean
Sedasta Simon, 1894 — West Africa
Singa C. L. Koch, 1836 — Africa, Asia, North America, Europe
Singafrotypa Benoit, 1962 — Africa
Siwa Grasshoff, 1970 — Asia
Socca Framenau, Castanheira & Vink, 2022 — Australia
Spilasma Simon, 1897 — South America, Honduras
Spinepeira Levi, 1995 — Peru
Spintharidius Simon, 1893 — South America, Cuba
Taczanowskia Keyserling, 1879 — Mexico, South America
Talthybia Thorell, 1898 — China, Myanmar
Tatepeira Levi, 1995 — South America, Honduras
Telaprocera Harmer & Framenau, 2008 — Australia
Testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879 — South America, Panama
Thelacantha Hasselt, 1882 — Madagascar, Asia, Australia
Thorellina Berg, 1899 — Myanmar, Papua New Guinea
Togacantha Dahl, 1914 — Africa
Trichonephila Dahl, 1911 — Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America, South America
Umbonata Grasshoff, 1971 — Tanzania
Ursa Simon, 1895 — Asia, South America, South Africa
Verrucosa McCook, 1888 — North America, Panama, South America, Australia
Wagneriana F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, North America
Witica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 — Cuba, Mexico, Peru
Wixia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 — Brazil, Guyana, Bolivia
Xylethrus Simon, 1895 — South America, Mexico, Jamaica, Panama
Yaginumia Archer, 1960 — Asia
Zealaranea Court & Forster, 1988 — New Zealand
Zilla C. L. Koch, 1834 — Azerbaijan, India, China
Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 — North America, Asia, Ukraine, South America
Venomius Rossi, Castanheira, Baptista & Framenau, 2023
See also
List of Araneidae species
References
Further reading
External links
Spiders of Australia
Spiders of northwestern Europe
Araneae, Arachnology Home Pages
World Spider Catalog
Orb weavers of Kentucky, University of Kentucky
Pictures of Mangora species
Gasteracantha cancriformis, spinybacked orbweaver on the University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website
Neoscona crucifera and N. domiciliorum on the University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website HOE
Spiders |
女性肛门瘙痒看什么科比较好呢？建议到肛肠和皮肤科就诊。肛门瘙痒症是一种常见的局部瘙痒症。肛门部有时有轻微发痒，如瘙痒严重，经久不愈则成为瘙痒症。它是一种常见的局限性神经机能障碍性皮肤病。一般只限于肛门周围，有的可蔓延到会阴，外阴或阴囊后方肛门瘙痒症多见于中年人。病因1.食品因素辛辣的食品和调味品，如辣椒、醇酒、芥末、胡椒、香料、咖啡等，食用过多都可以引起肛管和肛门皮肤刺激，诱发瘙痒。2.过敏反应某些蛋白质（鱼、虾、蟹等）、药物、花粉、生漆等可致部分人体过敏，使体内产生过多的组胺，作用于周围神经而产生痒感。3.精神因素精神过度兴奋、抑郁、神经衰弱、瘾病等。4.肛周皮肤真菌、病毒感染常见的有表皮癣菌等感染。治疗1.治疗原则积极寻找并去除可能的致病因素，外用止痒剂，必要时阻断局部皮下感觉神经。2.中医辨证论治（1）内治法根据中医辩证分型采用中药治疗：①风热袭肺，移于大肠肛门者治宜清热泻火、通便，方用凉隔散。②风邪挟湿或肝胆湿热、郁阻肛门者治宜疏风清热利湿，方用消风散或龙胆泻肝汤。③血虚生风化燥、肌肤失养者方用当归饮子。④血瘀生风、蕴结不散者治宜逐瘀祛风，方用疏风解毒汤。⑤虫毒骚扰侵入肛周，或湿毒、药毒犯阻后阴者治宜杀虫解毒止痒，方用乌梅丸。（2）外治法①皮肤湿润者可用枯矾粉干撒患处，1日3次。②皮肤干燥者可用黄连膏或青黛膏外敷，每日3次。（3）中药外洗坐浴选用清热解毒、除湿止痒的药物为主，温水坐浴。3.西医治疗病因治疗仔细查找各种可能引起瘙痒的原发病因并尽力消除。首先是肛肠科疾患应先行手术，其次是妇科和皮肤疾患。 |
勃起无力的症状和原因是什么？勃起不够硬很可能是勃起功能障碍，勃起功能障碍就是指男性在性生活的时候出现勃起不坚，坚而不硬，甚至不能勃起的现象。当遭遇性功能障碍后，应该及时前往医院就医，以防病情加重。阴茎勃起无力的原因：由器质性因素引起：多因疾病(如生殖器损伤、糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、肾脏疾病等)、药物不良反应(如治疗心脏病药物、抗高血压药物、抗抑郁症药物等)以及不良生活习惯(如大量吸烟、酗酒)造成。阳痿的发生多为器质性病变而产生。由心理性因素引起：多因两性关系不和谐完美、心情抑郁、焦虑、工作压力大、过渡或偶尔的性创伤等引发性生活失败，导致心理性阴茎勃起无力。由不良的生活习惯引起：有一部分人出现阴茎勃起无力，是因为过度的手淫而导致。还有其他不良的生活习惯：如过多的房事，和吸烟喝酒等。症状为阴茎不能完全勃起或勃起不坚，以至于不能圆满进行正常的性生活。年轻人由于与性伙伴情感交流不充分或性行为习惯不统一，而出现焦虑和急躁并伴有阳痿。阳痿持续存在并不断进展，多为器质性病变所引起。根据具体病情，可能需要进行血常规、尿常规、血糖、血脂、肝、肾功能、内分泌激素、精液、前列腺液等检查。确保身体健康，糖尿病等疾病会导致性功能障碍，所以男性应每年定期去医院体验，做到有病及时治疗，同时注意药物对性健康的影响，服用各种药物须遵从医嘱，避免滥用药物。要合理饮食。要有良好的生活习惯，保持身心愉悦。改变不良生的活方式，远离烟酒，有规律地生活。加强运动，增强体质。 |
艾鲍（德语：）是德国萨克森州的一个市镇。总面积17.37平方公里，总人口4481人，其中男性2179人，女性2302人（2011年12月31日），人口密度258人/平方公里。
参见
萨克森州市镇列表
参考
萨克森州旧市镇 |
请描述鳝鱼的特征？体细长呈蛇形，体前圆后部侧扁，尾尖细。头长而圆。口大，端位，上颌稍突出，唇颇发达。上下颌及口盖骨上都有细齿。眼小，为一薄皮所覆盖。左右鳃孔于腹面合而为一，呈“V”字形。鳃膜连于鳃峡。体表一般有润滑液体，方便逃逸，无鳞。无胸鳍和腹鳍；背鳍和臀鳍退化仅留皮褶，无软刺，都与尾鳍相联合。生活时体呈大多是黄褐色、微黄或橙黄，有深灰色斑点，也有少许鳝鱼是白色，俗称＂白鳝＂ |
鼓楼是東亞古代城池或傳統寺庙中放置大鼓的建築，一般以「晨钟暮鼓」的方式，與鐘樓配對建設，即东面修钟楼，西面修鼓楼，两个建筑以建筑群的中轴线对立，稱為鐘鼓樓。多用以报时或庆典。
中國著名鼓樓
北京鼓楼
天津鼓楼
蓟县鼓楼
福州鼓楼
南京鼓楼
西安鼓楼
宁波鼓楼
临汾鼓楼
大同鼓楼
侗寨鼓楼
杭州鼓楼
徐州鼓楼
淮安鼓楼
東亞傳統建築 |
蔡銀成（，） ，是韓國的棒球選手之一，目前效力於韓國職棒韓華鷹隊，守備位置為內野手。
經歷
全羅南道順天北初等學校
全羅南道順天二水中學校
全羅南道順天曉泉高等學校
韓國職棒LG雙子（2009年－2022年）
韓國職棒韓華鷹（2023年－）
職棒生涯成績
參考資料
外部連結
韓國職棒官網個人頁面
韓國男子棒球運動員
LG雙子球員
韓華鷹球員
順天市出身人物
Eun-Seong |
梅鋗可以指：
梅鋗 (秦)，中國秦末漢初人，長沙王吳芮部將。
梅鋗 (清朝官员)，康熙年间的福建巡抚。 |
UCAS是英國全國統一大學和學院申請服務機構。此外，UCAS還可以指：
中国科学院大学（University of Chinese Academy of Sciences），位于中国北京市。
加拿大原住民音節文字（Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics）
無人空戰系統（Unmanned Combat Air System(s)）
聯合無人空戰系統（J-UCAS）
猶他縣科學學會（Utah County Academy of Sciences）
四字拉丁字母缩写消歧义 |
The NZASM 40 Tonner 0-6-2T of 1892 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.
In 1892 and 1893, the Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM) of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal Republic) placed twenty locomotives in mainline service. Since the railway classified its locomotives according to their weight, these locomotives were known as the .
Manufacturer
Although the completion of the line from Delagoa Bay to Pretoria was still more than three years in the future, a requirement for larger and heavier mainline locomotives was identified in 1891. The Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM) therefore ordered ten tank locomotives from Emil Kessler's Maschinenfabrik Esslingen. A second order for another ten followed later in 1891.
The first batch of locomotives were delivered in 1892, numbered in the range from 41 to 50. Of the second batch, numbered in the range from 51 to 60, the last seven were built in 1892. Since the NZASM classified its locomotives according to their weight, these locomotives were known as the . In addition to being numbered, they were all named as well, with the names and numbers cast in brass and mounted on their tank sides.
Characteristics
The locomotive used Murdoch's D unbalanced slide valves, arranged horizontally above the cylinders outside the plate frames and actuated by Heusinger valve gear. These valves caused considerable wear on motion pins and were later replaced by Trick ported balanced slide valves.
The boiler barrel was built up in three rings, arranged telescopically, with the smallest diameter at the firebox end. The rings were lap-jointed and double riveted on longitudinal seams. These boilers had a long life and required little expense in repairs. Five cross-stays were fitted in the steam space above the firebox. The safety valves were arranged above the firebox inside the cab, while a steam escape pipe was fitted above the valves and passed through the roof.
The exhaust had an Adams' Vortex pattern annular nozzle. While this presented additional surface to the blast, the annular orifice had a tendency to become clogged, which increased back pressure, and the exhaust pipes therefore frequently had to be taken out for cleaning. As delivered, the locomotive had thick wooden buffer beams which were later replaced by thick steel plates.
The distance between the locomotive's tyres, i.e. between the wheel flanges on the axle, was . This was greater than for engines of the Cape Government Railways and Natal Government Railways and, although the flanges were somewhat thinner, the resulting tightness to gauge was blamed for the rather high rate of flange wear. To obtain greater life from the leading coupled wheels, they were occasionally exchanged with the trailing coupled wheels during overhauls.
The original coupled axles were in diameter and were inclined to fracture. This was remedied by increasing the diameter to on new axles. The trailing wheels also proved to be troublesome. The trailing wheels and axle were of the radial type and were attached directly to the frame, which gave the locomotive a rigid wheelbase. The problem arose as a result of insufficient sideward freedom of movement of the trailing axle when the locomotive traversed sharp curves and diverging points.
Service
NZASM
The 40 Tonners were found to be satisfactory in service, but the absence of leading carrying wheels resulted in a rough ride.
Selati Railway
In June 1890, Eugene, the younger of the Barons Oppenheim, sought to obtain a concession from the Government of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek to construct a railway line to the Murchison Range goldfields along the Selati River. Work on the construction of the Selati Railway in the Transvaal Lowveld began early in 1893, with the line branching off from the Pretoria-Delagoa Bay mainline at a junction near Komatipoort. The two locomotives Durban and Pietermaritzburg were purchased from the Natal Government Railways for use during construction, as well as two 40 Tonners which were acquired from the NZASM.
The project was abandoned in 1894, due to financial difficulties as well as a dispute which arose with the NZASM over the chosen route. Work on the railway was only resumed and completed by the Central South African Railways (CSAR) in 1909. The line was then extended via Gravelotte and Tzaneen to a junction at Soekmekaar, where it met the line from Pietersburg to Messina in 1912. In 1963, the part of the line through the southern part of the Kruger National Park, from the junction near Komatipoort, was abandoned and replaced by a new line from the present junction near Kaapmuiden.
Imperial Military Railways
In 1899, during the Second Boer War, all railway operations in the two Boer Republics, the ZAR and the Orange Free State, were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways (IMR). Nineteen of the survived the war.
Central South African Railways
At the end of the war, when the IMR was transformed into the CSAR, the nineteen surviving 40 Tonners were designated Class A and renumbered in the range from 1 to 19. None survived in railway service to be taken onto the South African Railways roster in 1912.
Works numbers
The 40 Tonner engine numbers, names, works numbers and years built are listed in the table.
Illustration
The main picture shows no. 50, the S.W. Burger, on a mixed train at Komatipoort. The picture of the same engine below offers a side view of the 40 Tonner locomotive.
The second picture below offers an overhead view of a 40 Tonner, either no. 55 Van Riebeeck or no. 57 Pretorius, after the Braamfontein disaster of 1896. One of the worst explosions in the history of South Africa occurred at Braamfontein station, Johannesburg, on 19 February 1896. An explosives train carrying between 56 and 60 tons of dynamite, which had been standing in searing heat for 3½ days, was struck by a shunting train and exploded. The blast left a crater long, wide and deep and was heard in Klerksdorp, away. The exact number of casualties was never ascertained, but at least 62 people were killed and more than 200 seriously injured. Surrounding suburbs as far as Fordsburg were partially destroyed. Some 3,000 people lost their homes and almost every window in the town was shattered.
References
0830
0-6-2 locomotives
C1 locomotives
0-6-2T locomotives
Esslingen locomotives
Cape gauge railway locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1892
1892 in South Africa
Scrapped locomotives |
Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay are charts that rank the top-performing country music songs in the United States, published by Billboard magazine. Hot Country Songs ranks songs based on digital downloads, streaming, and airplay not only from country stations but from stations of all formats, a methodology introduced in 2012. Country Airplay, which was published for the first time in 2012, is based solely on country radio airplay, a methodology which had previously been used for several decades for Hot Country Songs. In 2014, 13 different songs topped the Hot Country Songs chart and 35 different songs topped Country Airplay in 52 issues of the magazine.
Jason Aldean had the longest unbroken run at number one on the Hot Country Songs, spending 14 consecutive weeks in the top spot with "Burnin' It Down". Luke Bryan spent the most total weeks at number one during the year, however. His songs "Drink a Beer" and "Play It Again" totaled 14 weeks atop the chart and he spent a further 6 weeks in the top spot as a featured vocalist on Florida Georgia Line's chart-topper "This Is How We Roll" for a total of 20 weeks at number one. Bryan and Florida Georgia Line were the acts with the most number ones during 2014, as each act had two chart-toppers in addition to their collaboration on "This Is How We Roll". No other act had more than one number one during the year. Bryan also spent the most weeks at number one on the Country Airplay listing, but with a much smaller total of seven weeks. This figure included a run of four consecutive weeks with "Play It Again", which tied with Florida Georgia Line's "Stay" for the longest unbroken run at the top of the radio-based chart during 2014. Bryan and Florida Georgia Line were both associated with bro-country, an emerging subgenre which incorporated elements from hip hop music and emphasized lyrics about partying, drinking, and attractive young women. Blake Shelton had the most chart-toppers on the airplay listing, reaching the top spot with "Doin' What She Likes", "Neon Light" and "My Eyes".
Several acts gained their first number ones during 2014, including Sam Hunt, whose "Leave the Night On" topped both charts in the same week in November. Singer Cole Swindell reached the top of the Hot Country Songs listing with his debut single, "Chillin' It". Frankie Ballard achieved his first career number one when he reached the peak position on Country Airplay with "Helluva Life", and went on to gain his second number one on the same chart later in the year with "Sunshine & Whiskey". Gwen Sebastian, a former contestant on the second season of TV's The Voice, was a first-time chart-topper when she was featured on the song "My Eyes" by Blake Shelton, who had coached her on the show. "Where It's At" gave Dustin Lynch his first appearance at number one in September, and teenaged female duo Maddie & Tae gained their first number-one single in December with "Girl in a Country Song", a retort to bro-country, and in particular the depiction of women in the style's lyrics.
Chart history
See also
2014 in music
List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. country chart
List of Top Country Albums number ones of 2014
List of number-one country singles of 2014 (Canada)
References
2014
Number-one country singles
United States Country Singles |
Ferdinand T. "Fred" Day (August 7, 1918 – January 2, 2015) was an American civil rights leader and educator.
Early life and education
Day was born in 1918 in Alexandria, Virginia and attended Parker-Gray School through eighth grade. He attended Armstrong Technical High School (now known as Friendship Armstrong Academy) in Washington, D.C., graduating in 1935. At the time, Alexandria offered no formal high school education for Black Americans. Day received a Bachelor of Science degree in geography and history from Miner Teachers College.
Career
While Day wanted to be an educator in his hometown, he was unable to teach in Alexandria because he was Black. Instead, he began working for the federal government in 1948 and served in the foreign service at the U.S. Department of State, retiring in 1978.
Day remained involved in Alexandria, volunteering for the local chapters of the Urban League and NAACP. He provided advice to the picket protests of the Virginia ABC stores and the Diamond Cab Company because they would not employ Black Americans, and supported protests of the Alexandria City Hall because they continued to fly the Confederate flag.
Public office
In 1964, Day was appointed to the Alexandria City School Board, just ten years after the U.S. Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision, becoming the first African American school board member in Virginia. In 1971 he was elected as the chair of the board, becoming the first African American to be elected chair of a public board of education in Virginia history.
Day was highly active in working towards the desegregation of Alexandria. He led the Board when it made the controversial decision to consolidate all high school students at the then-new T.C. Williams High School, which loosely inspired the film Remember the Titans.
He was later appointed by the Governor of Virginia as a member of the Board of the Virginia Community College System. In 1985, he was selected by the Virginia Secretary of Education to assist in the continued implementation of desegregation in Virginia.
Death and legacy
Day died in 2015. After his death, Congressman and former Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Don Beyer wrote, “America lost a giant this week. Mr. Day was an early and powerful leader in the successful efforts to integrate the leadership of Alexandria. As the first African American appointed to the Alexandria School Board – and later as its chairman – Mr. Day was essential to the expansion of equal educational opportunity for all our children.”
Legacy
A street in Alexandria, Ferdinand Day Drive, was named in his honor. The Alexandria City High School's Ferdinand T. Day Student Commons are also named after him.
Day was portrayed by actor Lou Walker in the 2000 film, Remember the Titans.
Ferdinand T. Day Elementary School in Alexandria is named for Day.
References
1918 births
2015 deaths
African-American activists
American human rights activists
Activists for African-American civil rights
Human rights activists
School board members in Virginia
Politicians from Alexandria, Virginia |
Gordon Biersch Brewery is an American brewery founded by Dan Gordon and Dean Biersch. Gordon, a graduate from the five-year brewing engineering program at Weihenstephan, Germany, and Biersch opened their first brewery restaurant in Palo Alto, California, in July 1988. In 1999, the restaurants were sold to what ultimately became CraftWorks Restaurants & Breweries.
In November 1995, the two founders and their original investors, wanting to expand their then $20 million business, accepted a $11.2 million investment from the Fertitta family of Las Vegas. Lorenzo Fertitta became the controlling owner. , Gordon Biersch brews beer for Costco and Trader Joe's under contract. The Gordon Biersch brewery and bottling plant is located in Japantown in San Jose, California. In 2016, Gordon Biersch released a dry-hopped red ale called "Chum" in honor of the San Jose Sharks.
Awards
Gordon Biersch Brewing Company has won several American awards. At the Great American Beer Festival, they won gold in the category of Bohemian-style pilsner in 2004, and in the category of German Style Schwarzbier in 2007, and the Rauchbier brewed at the Gordon Biersch Restaurant in Annapolis, Maryland, won gold in 2014. In 2018, Gordon Biersch at Tysons Corner, by brewer Justin Damadio, won a gold medal in the Bohemian Pilsner category at Great American Beer Festival. At the World Beer Cup 2002, they won gold in the category of sweet stout and bronze in the category of Vienna style lager, and at the World Beer Cup 2006, they won gold in the German style schwarzbier category.
See also
List of breweries in California
References
External links
Beer brewing companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
American companies established in 1988
Restaurants in San Jose, California
Food and drink companies established in 1988
Restaurants established in 1988
1988 establishments in California
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020 |
Jim Allin (born March 14, 1986) is a former Canadian football defensive back and kick returner. He went undrafted in the 2009 CFL Draft. He played CIS football for the Queen's Golden Gaels.
In the 2008 CIS football season, Allin was named to CIS All-Canadian first team as a kick returner and to both the Ontario University Athletics first and second all-star teams; the first as a returner and the second as a cornerback. He performed the best among defensive backs in three of the athletic tests at the 2009 CFL Evaluation Camp including setting a record for the 20-yard shuttle test with a time of 3.97 seconds.
In August 2016, in ceremonies in Canada and Australia, Jim married the love of his life, Tegan Hamilton.
References
External links
Queen's Golden Gaels bio
1986 births
Living people
Canadian football defensive backs
Canadian football return specialists
Queen's Golden Gaels football players
Sportspeople from Belleville, Ontario
Players of Canadian football from Ontario |
西城管理委员会，是下辖的一个类似乡级单位。
行政区划
西城管理委员会下辖以下地区：。
参考资料
山西组织 (行政区划) |
Fox Harbour may refer to several different things:
Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
Fox Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador
Fox Harbour (Labrador), Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia
Fox Harbour, Nova Scotia
Fox Harbour Airport |
急性外阴炎怎么治疗？由于急性外阴炎的出现，可能会导致搔痒症状的出现，从而影响正常的生活，那么患者主要是避免盲目的使用药物，一般可以先使用苏打水，洁尔阴清洗外阴以及阴道，从而起到一个有效的治疗效果。出现急性外阴炎的患者，也可以通过使用中草药的治疗，主要是通过使用具有清热解毒，杀虫止痒作用的中药进行一个熏洗，同时熏洗外阴，从而起到一个有效缓解的作用，避免瘙痒症状对自身生活的影响。急性外阴炎的出现，也可能是由于霉菌感染导致出现的，那么可以通过口服药物，通过口服药物可以有效地抑制肠道念珠菌的滋生，主要是通过使用氟康唑等药物进行一个有效的治疗，避免外阴炎对自身的影响。一般情况下急性外阴炎的发病周期较短，在五到十天左右，病情就会有明显的好转，有的患者身体质量较差，如果没有及时采用合理的方法治疗，就会转化为慢性的外阴炎，将需要一到两个月左右的时间才会完全的康复，所以说急性外阴炎的发病周期应该是在十天左右。严重急性外阴炎患者，会有明显的皮肤瘙痒、肿胀疼痛、皮肤溃烂等现象，那么在这时候最好是选择外用药物来治疗，这样可以直接作用于病灶的部位。达到杀菌消毒的作用。外用药物主要是以护理液清洗、消毒消炎等药物为主。在用药的时候，要定时定量的用药才行。物理治疗主要是包含微波治疗、激光治疗这两种治疗方法，已经渐渐走入我们日常生活当中，并且治疗费用比较低，治疗时间相对较短，大约持续五天，病情就会出现明显的好转，但是一定要长期性的去坚持，千万不要半途而废。平时一定要加强护理，做好个人外阴部位的清洁卫生，注重日常的饮食健康，保持环境的整洁和干燥，这样有助于疾病的康复。 |
阿米巴肝脓肿的并发症是什么?？阿米巴肝脓肿的主要并发症为继发细菌感染及脓肿向周围组织突破。继发细菌感染时寒战、高热较明显，毒血症加重，血白细胞总数及中性粒细胞均显著增多。脓液呈黄绿色，或有臭味，镜检有大量脓细胞，但细菌培养阳性率不高。阿米巴肝脓肿蝗向周围器官穿破，如穿过膈肌形成脓胸或肺脓肿，穿破至支气管造成胸膜-肺-支气管瘘，穿破至心包或腹腔引起心包炎或腹膜炎，穿破至胃、大肠、下腔静脉、总胆管、右侧肾盂等处，造成各脏器的阿米巴病。除穿破至胃肠道或形成肝-支气管瘘外，预后大多恶劣。 |
服用安神补脑软胶囊须注意的事项？1.忌烟、酒及辛辣、油腻食物。2.服药期间要保持情绪乐观，切忌生气恼怒。3.有高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者应在医师指导下服用。4.服药7天症状无缓解，应去医院就诊。5.年老体弱者应在医师指导下服用。6.对本品过敏者禁用，过敏体质者慎用。7.本品性状发生改变时禁止服用。8.请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。9.如正在服用其他药品，使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。 |
Bobby Marcellous McCain (born August 18, 1993) is an American football safety for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Memphis and was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the fifth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. McCain also played for the Washington Football Team / Commanders.
High school career
McCain was born on August 18, 1993, in Sylacauga, Alabama. He attended Oxford High School, where he played football. McCain was considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com and was listed as the No. 36 prospect from the state of Alabama in 2011. He committed to Memphis to play college football over offers from Auburn, Kentucky, Mississippi State, and Tennessee, among others.
College career
McCain played his college career at the University of Memphis where he was a four-year starter at and had 12 career interceptions, including 11 in his final two years.
Professional career
Miami Dolphins
2015
The Miami Dolphins selected McCain in the fifth round with the 145th overall pick in the 2015 NFL Draft. McCain was the 18th cornerback drafted in 2015.
On May 7, 2015, the Miami Dolphins signed McCain to a four-year, $2.50 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $228,288.
Throughout training camp, McCain competed to be a starting cornerback against Jamar Taylor, Tony Lippett, Brice McCain, and Will Davis. Head coach Joe Philbin named McCain the fourth cornerback on the depth chart to begin the regular season, behind Brent Grimes, Jamar Taylor, and Will Davis.
He made his professional regular season debut in the Miami Dolphins' season-opening 17–10 win at the Washington Redskins. On October 5, 2015, the Miami Dolphins fired head coach Joe Philbin after they began the season with a 1–3 record. Tight ends coach Dan Campbell was named the interim head coach for the remainder of the season. On December 6, 2015, he collected a season-high seven solo tackles and deflected a pass in the Dolphins' 15–13 victory against the Baltimore Ravens in Week 13. He finished his rookie season in 2015 with 28 combined tackles (23 solo) and four pass deflections in 16 games and four starts.
2016
On January 9, 2016, the Miami Dolphins hired Chicago Bears' offensive coordinator Adam Gase as their new head coach. McCain entered training camp as the first-team nickelback, but saw competition for his role from Jordan Lucas and Tyler Patmon. Head coach Adam Gase named McCain the third cornerback on the Dolphins' depth chart to begin the regular season, behind Byron Maxwell and rookie Xavien Howard. He was also named the first-team nickelback.
On September 29, 2016, McCain recorded four combined tackles, deflected a pass, and made his first career sack on Andy Dalton during a 22–7 loss at the Cincinnati Bengals. On November 6, 2016, McCain recorded three solo tackles, broke up a pass, and made his first career interception in the Dolphins' 27–23 win against the New York Jets in Week 9. McCain intercepted a pass by New York Jets' quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick, that was originally intended for tight end Austin Seferian-Jenkins, and returned it for a 17-yard gain in the third quarter. In Week 12, he collected a season-high five combined tackles and broke up one pass during a 31–24 victory against the San Francisco 49ers in Week 12. He finished the 2016 NFL season with 45 combined tackles (32 solo), six pass deflections, one interception, one sack, and a forced fumble in 16 games and eight starts.
The Miami Dolphins finished second in the AFC East with a 10–6 record and earned a Wild Card berth. On January 8, 2017, McCain started in his first career playoff game and recorded two tackles as the Dolphins lost the AFC wild card game 30–12 at the Pittsburgh Steelers.
2017
On January 12, 2017, the Miami Dolphins announced their decision to promote linebackers coach Matt Burke to defensive coordinator after Vance Joseph accepted the head coaching position with the Denver Broncos. During training camp, McCain competed to retain his position at nickelback against Tony Lippett, Michael Thomas, Cordrea Tankersley, Alterraun Verner, Jordan Lucas, and Lafayette Pitts. Head coach Adam Gase named McCain the first-team nickelback to start the season, behind Byron Maxwell and Xavien Howard.
On November 26, 2017, during Week 12 against the New England Patriots, McCain was ejected for throwing a punch at wide receiver Danny Amendola. In Week 16, he collected a season-high eight combined tackles and broke up a pass during a 29–13 loss at the Kansas City Chiefs. McCain finished the season with 48 combined tackles (36 solo), seven pass deflections, two interceptions, and a sack in 16 games and seven starts.
2018
On June 1, 2018, McCain signed a four-year, $27 million contract extension with the Dolphins with $13 million guaranteed. During training camp, McCain competed to be a starting cornerback against Cordrea Tankersley. Head coach Adam Gase named McCain and Xavien Howard the starting cornerbacks to begin the regular season in 2018. Overall, McCain finished the 2018 season with 61 total tackles, two sacks, one interception, and five passes defended.
2019
In Week 3 against the Dallas Cowboys, McCain recorded his first interception of the season off Dak Prescott in the 31–6 loss. On November 20, 2019, McCain was placed on injured reserve, ending his season. In nine games, he finished with 25 total tackles, two interceptions, and three passes defended.
2020
In the 2020 season, McCain played in all 16 regular season games, of which he started 15. He finished with 46 total tackles, one interception, and five passes defended. McCain was released by the Dolphins on May 6, 2021.
Washington Football Team / Commanders
McCain signed a one-year contract with the Washington Football Team on May 17, 2021. McCain recorded his first interception of the season against Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes in Week 6. In the Week 10 win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, McCain intercepted Tom Brady in the first half of the game. He recorded two interceptions against New York Giants quarterback Jake Fromm in the final game of the season and returned one of them for his first career touchdown. In the 2021 season, McCain appeared in 17 games and started 16. He finished with 63 total tackles, four interceptions, and nine passes defended.
McCain re-signed with the team on a two-year, $11 million contract on March 17, 2022. McCain would play slot cornerback later in the season. In the 2022 season, McCain appeared in all 17 games and started 16. He finished with 76 total tackles, five passes defended, and one forced fumble. He was released on February 27, 2023.
New York Giants
On March 23, 2023, McCain signed a one-year contract with the New York Giants.
References
External links
New York Giants bio
Memphis Tigers bio
1993 births
Living people
People from Oxford, Alabama
Players of American football from Alabama
American football cornerbacks
Memphis Tigers football players
Miami Dolphins players
American football safeties
Washington Football Team players
Washington Commanders players
New York Giants players |
馬斯克丁小鱸為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目河鱸科的其中一種，分布於美國喬治亞州的Little Tallapoosa河流域，體長可達6.3公分，棲息在中底層水域。
参考文獻
擴展閱讀
smithvanizi
P |
South Atlantic Pro Wrestling (SAPW, formerly known as the North American Wrestling Association) was a professional wrestling promotion founded by George Scott, John Ringley and Mike Lamberth in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1990, and later taken over by Paul Jones and Frank Dusek. It was the last effort to revive the NWA's Mid-Atlantic wrestling territory.
History and overview
Formation
The North American Wrestling Association was founded by George Scott, John Ringley and Mike Lamberth in January 1990. The first event and TV taping was held in Sumter, South Carolina on February 8, 1990. Matches from these shows were first shown in March and April 1990.
The first North American Heavyweight Champion, Robert Fuller, won the championship in an 18-man tournament by defeating Ricky Steamboat in the finals on June 30, 1990, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The first North American Tag Team Champions were crowned in a tournament final that same month, also in Winston-Salem, when The Nasty Boys defeated Danny Allen and Bob Emery.
Scott and Ringley, as former Jim Crockett Promotions employees, recognized the importance of television exposure. The group purchased all the old JCP market stations in the Carolinas along with the original timeslots. In July 1990, Paul Jones and Frank Dusek took over the promotion and negotiated a deal with the America One Network to air "South Atlantic Pro Wrestling" on Friday nights later that year.
Territorial reach
George Scott and his partners hoped to revive the National Wrestling Alliance's old Mid-Atlantic wrestling territory which traditionally covered Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. After securing key television markets in the Carolinas, the promotion signed contracts with all the old Jim Crockett Promotions arenas to hold pro wrestling shows on a regular basis. Within the first year of operation, house shows and TV tapings were held at the Columbia Township Auditorium, Grady Cole Center, Greenwood Civic Center, Limestone College Gym, and the Winston-Salem Memorial Coliseum. SAPW tours also included high school gyms, rec centers, and fairs in cities throughout Georgia, Mississippi, Virginia, and the Carolinas. In August 1991, SAPW held a benefit show in Wentworth, North Carolina for Operation Family Shield, a support group established by then Governor Jim Martin, that provided financial assistance to military families of North Carolina National Guardsmen and U.S. Army reservists stationed in the Persian Gulf.
Notable talent
SAPW featured many Mid-Atlantic veterans such as Big John Studd, Bob Orton Jr., Ivan Koloff, Junkyard Dog, Manny Fernandez, Matt Bourne, Paul Jones, Randy Colley, Ricky Steamboat, Robert Fuller, Ron Garvin, Tommy Rich, Wahoo McDaniel, and The Fantastics. Other legends such as Lou Thesz, Johnny Weaver, and Tim Woods appeared alongside SAPW announcer Ted Webb as special guest commentators for "South Atlantic Pro Wrestling". Bob Caudle also joined the promotion in late 1991. Henry Marcus, another longtime JCP associate, promoted his final house show for the group.
The promotion also showcased younger talent, including Baron Samdi, Curtis Thompson, Dean Malenko, Nelson Frazier, The Patriot, P. N. News, Ric Savage, Rob Van Dam, Vince Torelli, The American Pit Bulldogs and The Nasty Boys. Chris Chavis, who had trained under Larry Sharpe at the Monster Factory prior to his SAPW debut, was its first breakout star. During his first year in SAPW, he was voted 3rd runner up for Rookie of the Year in Pro Wrestling Illustrated. Chavis was also awarded the SAPW Heavyweight Championship before being signed to the World Wrestling Federation. Chavis attributed his early success to Ricky Steamboat and Wahoo McDaniel who mentored him during his time in SAPW.
Style and controversy
SAPW catered to traditional Southern wrestling fans that had grown up during the Mid-Atlantic territory's "glory years" of previous decades. The promoters promised a back-to-basics approach to pro wrestling that provided an alternative to "sports entertainment" marketed by the World Wrestling Federation. They were also critical of the independent promotions beginning to emerge with the weakening of the NWA. Its "family friendly" environment was not without controversy, however, as a real-life fight between Ken Shamrock and The Nasty Boys left the future UFC fighter hospitalized. The drunken brawl had reportedly woken up other wrestlers staying in the motel. Frank Dusek claimed that it was only the intervention of Robert Fuller and the American Pit Bulldogs (Rex and Spike) that prevented Knobbs and Saggs from throwing the unconscious wrestler over the third floor balcony of their motel room. Shamrock suffered a broken sternum and a caved in eye socket as a result of the two-on-one attack.
World Wrestling Council
The promotion had a brief association with the World Wrestling Council after Manny Fernandez became SAPW's booker in August 1991. In November of that year, Fernandez was "suspended" from the promotion when he took the SAPW Heavyweight Championship to Puerto Rico. This led to a cross promotional effort with the WWC which saw Fernandez defend the belt as the "WWC North America Champion".
Demise
In spite of a strong start, the promotion operated at a loss during its first six months in business. George Scott lost an estimated $600,000 before deciding to cut his losses and retire to Florida. There was a noticeable drop in quality after the original investors pulled out and many of the promotion's top stars left the area. "South Atlantic Pro Wrestling" remained in the Friday night death slot throughout its two-year run. Jones and Dusek eventually sold SAPW to North Carolina promoter Greg Price who ran the promotion during its final year. Its last official show was held in Cerro Gordo, North Carolina on August 1, 1992.
Alumni
Male wrestlers
Female wrestlers
Stables and tag teams
Managers and valets
Commentators and interviewers
Referees
Other personnel
Championships
SAPW Heavyweight Championship
SAPW Junior Heavyweight Championship
SAPW United States Heavyweight Championship
SAPW Women's Championship
SAPW Tag Team Championship
References
External links
South Atlantic Pro Wrestling at Cagematch.net
South Atlantic Pro Wrestling at Wrestlingdata.com
Independent professional wrestling promotions based in North Carolina
National Wrestling Alliance members |
柿树属（学名：）为柿树科的一个属，下含700多种，其果實稱為柿，而最常見的品種是中国等地的柿树（）。
属名Diospyros来源于希腊语dios（宙斯）和pyros（谷物），指果实可食。
物种
本属包括以下物种：
保育狀況
马达加斯加种群被列為《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》（CITES）附錄二的物種，被限制出口及貿易。
參考文獻
S
S
S |
重力子（）是一位在漫威漫畫所發行的漫畫裡出現的虛構角色。首次登場於《復仇者》（Avengers）第158回（1977年4月），這個角色的創作者是Jim Shooter與Sal Buscema。
其他媒體
電視
《復仇者：蓋世英雄》（The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes）：2010年10月20日開始播放的電視動畫影集。
富兰克林·霍尔博士（伊恩·哈特饰演）出现在ABC电视剧《神盾局特工》第三集《资产》中。在漫威宇宙的另一个平行世界地球199999中，富兰克林·霍尔是一名加拿大的物理学家，也是神盾局受保护的的宝贵资产。他曾经是里奥·菲兹和潔玛·西蒙斯的导师。在一次装备齐全的护送行动中，他被敌人用一种重力武器绑架了，并被带到了马耳他某地，来到他从前研究伙伴伊恩·奎因（奎因国际集团的总裁）面前。奎因想让霍尔为他那含有引力元素的设备建造一个力场。当菲尔·考森探员找到霍尔时，霍尔毫不考虑奎因的宾客，正想要把这设备连带着整栋房子沉入水底。霍尔说其实是他一手设计了自己的绑架行动，他还说引力元素对于神盾局以及伊恩·奎因都太过强大了，自己是在保护人类，纠正错误。寇森击碎了遮挡设备的玻璃，霍尔落入了那装置之中，似乎是被吞噬了。引力元素和其装置最终被锁在了神盾局的保险库里，而其实霍尔仍然存活在那些引力元素之中。这位富兰克林，霍尔博士是该电视剧中第一个有漫画角色作为前身的人物。
電子遊戲
《神奇的蜘蛛人2》（The Amazing Spider-Man 2）：Game Boy的遊戲。
外部連結
marvel.com上的重力子
marveldirectory.com上的重力子
参考资料
由吉姆·舒特尔创作的角色
由萨尔·布谢马创作的角色
1977年首次亮相的漫画角色
虛構加拿大人
虛構引力操作能力者
虚构物理学家
漫威漫畫超級反派 |
本科維奇（），是烏克蘭的城鎮，位於該國西部利沃夫州，由舊桑博爾區負責管轄，面積0.93平方公里，海拔高度356米，2001年人口566，人口密度每平方公里608.6人。
參考資料
Погода в селі Буньковичі
利沃夫州村落
舊桑博爾區村落 |
"Space" and "Time" (later known simply as "Time, Part One" and "Two") are two mini-episodes of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Written by the programme's head writer Steven Moffat and directed by Richard Senior, the mini-episodes were broadcast on 18 March 2011 as part of BBC One's Red Nose Day telethon for the charity Comic Relief.
The episodes form a two-part story, set entirely within the TARDIS, starring Matt Smith as the Doctor, and Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill as married couple Amy Pond and Rory Williams. Rory, helping the Doctor work on the TARDIS, looks up the glass floor surrounding the console and becomes distracted by Amy's short skirt, causing him to drop the thermal couplings he was holding. This causes the three to be stuck in a "space loop" where the TARDIS materializes inside the TARDIS.
"Space" and "Time" were filmed in two days alongside the sixth series DVD Night and the Doctor extras "Bad Night" and "Good Night". The episodes are intended to show what life aboard the TARDIS would be like. Several editing techniques and doubles were used for the various shots where there were more than one of the same character on the screen. The mini-episodes received mixed reviews; some scenes were thought to be funny, but other jokes were criticised for relying on sexist humour. "Space" and "Time" were later released on the DVD and Blu-ray sets of the sixth series.
Plot
"Space"
Amy is trying to get the Doctor's attention while he fixes the TARDIS. She discovers that her husband Rory is helping the Doctor by installing thermal couplings underneath the glass floor of the TARDIS. Rory and Amy then start a small argument about Amy cheating when she took her driving test, when the TARDIS suddenly shakes and the lights go out. The Doctor asks Rory if he dropped a thermal coupling, which Rory admits to and apologises for doing. Amy then apologises as well and, at the Doctor's confusion, explains that Rory was looking up her skirt through the glass floor when he dropped the thermal coupling. The Doctor then notes that they have landed through "emergency materialisation" which should have landed the TARDIS in the safest space available. The lights come on, revealing another TARDIS inside the control room — the TARDIS has materialised inside itself. The Doctor experimentally walks through the door of the TARDIS inside the control room and instantly walks back into the control room through the door of the outer TARDIS. The Doctor tells Rory and Amy that they are trapped in a "space loop" and that nothing can enter or exit the TARDIS ever again. Despite the Doctor's words, another Amy enters through the TARDIS door saying, "Okay, kids, this is where it gets complicated."
"Time"
The other Amy reveals that she is from a few moments in the future, and is able to come into the current outer TARDIS because "the exterior shell of the TARDIS has drifted forwards in time". The other Amy knows what to say and do because, from her perspective, she is repeating what she heard herself say earlier on. The Doctor sends the current Amy into the TARDIS within the current TARDIS, in order to maintain the timeline. The two Amys take a moment to flirt with each other before the current one departs, much to the Doctor's exasperation. However, not long after the current Amy has left, Rory and Amy enter through the door of outer TARDIS explaining that the Doctor, from their perspective, has just sent them into the inner TARDIS. The current Doctor promptly sends the current Rory and the now-current Amy through the inner TARDIS. The Doctor then explains that he will set up a "controlled temporal implosion" in order to "reset the TARDIS", but in order to do so he must know which lever to use on the control panel. Moments after he speaks, another Doctor enters through the outer TARDIS door and tells him to use "the wibbly lever", which he quickly operates, then steps into the inner TARDIS to tell his past self which lever to use. The inner TARDIS dematerialises while the outer TARDIS (being the same TARDIS) does the same, and the Doctor assures Amy and Rory that they are now back in normal flight, and then advises Amy to put some trousers on.
Production
Doctor Who had previously aired two related specials for Comic Relief. The first was the 1999 spoof The Curse of Fatal Death, which was also written by Steven Moffat. The spin-off series The Sarah Jane Adventures produced its own mini-episode "From Raxacoricofallapatorius with Love" for the 2009 Comic Relief appeal. Unlike The Curse of Fatal Death, "Space" and "Time" are considered to be canonical. The canonicity of the two mini-episodes was affirmed by Moffat in Doctor Who Magazine. Moffat stated that, unlike The Curse of Fatal Death, "Space" and "Time" is not a spoof or a sketch, but rather "a little miniature story" in the style of the Children in Need mini-episodes. He described it as "A moment of life aboard the TARDIS. But obviously life about the TARDIS instantly gets you into terrible jeopardy, and all of causality is threatened. As I'm sure it is every day when they get up and have their coffee..." The concept of a TARDIS inside the TARDIS had been previously explored in The Time Monster (1972) and Logopolis (1980), though both times it was the TARDIS of the Master. Amy also repeats one of her lines from "The Big Bang" at the end of "Space".
The special was shot over two days alongside the made-for-DVD Night and the Doctor mini-episodes "Bad Night" and "Good Night". It was mostly shot on the first day, where all of the scenes with the TARDIS inside the TARDIS were filmed. Several tricks were used to create the illusion that there were more than one Doctor, Amy, and/or Rory. In scenes where the camera had to move between the double characters, a "whip-pan" was used twice, with the actor in a different place each time. The two shots were then edited together into one seamless take. For scenes where there were more than one of the same character in the same shot, such as the two Amys in front of the TARDIS, the camera was held very still and the scene was filmed twice, with the actor's double filling in for the part they were not playing. The doubles were also used briefly in scenes where the characters' backs were to the camera, such as when the Doctor, Amy, and Rory watched the future Amy and Rory enter the TARDIS.
Broadcast, release and reception
"Space" and "Time" were broadcast during the Comic Relief Red Nose Day telethon on 18 March 2011 on BBC One. The telethon was watched by 10.26 million viewers. The BBC posted the episode in two parts on their official YouTube channel. The mini episodes were included as bonus features in the Complete Sixth Series DVD and Blu-ray box set, released on 21 November 2011 (Region 2) and 22 November 2011 (Region 1).
Lucy Mangan of The Guardian responded positively, noting it "manages brilliantly to nod to just about every Whovian in-joke, demographic and fetish within the span of two tiny instalments". The A.V. Club reviewer Christopher Bahn opined that the two Amys in "Space" and "Time" were "a lot more fun to watch" than the two in the sixth series episode "The Girl Who Waited". Tor.com's Teresa Jusino, who had been positive towards Amy's character in the past, was disappointed that the ending of the miniepisodes relied on "too-easy, dated, sexist humor". She cited the fact that Rory dropping the coupling was blamed on Amy's short skirt rather than Rory himself, which implied that she had a "responsibility to cover up, because 'men will be men'". In Who is the Doctor, a guide to the revived series, Robert Smith wrote that the episode was "cute, plotted to perfection and ends precisely when it should, before it has the chance to outstay its welcome". He said that the episodes used Amy well, as it did not make her unlikable. On the other hand, his coauthor Graeme Burk said that the story was "derivative and lazy" and a "missed opportunity". He likened the plot to that of Red Dwarf "Future Echoes", and felt that Moffat could have written something better and funnier. Like Jusino, he thought that the "blokey humor" was "misplaced", denying a broad audience appeal and leading to the sexist last line: "Pond, put some trousers on!". Despite this, both Jusino and Burk enjoyed the scene where Amy flirts with herself. In March 2022, Chamberlain revealed that the time loop concept in his 2011–2012 web series sequel to his original 2009 viral analog horror short film No Through Road had been inspired by "Space" and "Time", being the Doctor Who episodes that had just come out whilst he and his friends had been brainstorming sequel ideas.
References
Eleventh Doctor episodes
Television episodes written by Steven Moffat
2011 British television episodes
Doctor Who charity episodes
Doctor Who mini-episodes
Three-handers |
罗伯特·伊万·尼科尔斯（英语：Robert Ivan Nichols），化名约瑟夫·牛顿·钱德勒三世（1926年9月12日-2002年7月23日），曾是美国一名身份不明的身份盗窃者，2002年7月在俄亥俄州伊斯特莱克自杀。他死后，调查人员发现他窃取一名8岁男孩的身份，这名男孩于1945年在德克萨斯州的一场车祸中丧生。
2016年底，俄亥俄州克利夫兰美国法警服务公司宣布，国际识别者的法医谱系专家科琳·菲茨帕特里克博士将尼科尔斯的Y-STR档案与公共遗传谱系Y-STR数据库进行对比，确认他的姓氏可能是“尼古尔斯”。2018年3月，无名氏DNA项目确认尼科尔斯的真实身份是罗伯特·伊万·尼古尔斯。2018年6月21日，美国法警在克利夫兰举行新闻发布会上公布他的真实身份。
真正的约瑟夫钱德勒
约瑟夫·牛顿·钱德勒三世出生在纽约州布法罗，于1945年12月21日在得克萨斯州一场交通事故中与父母一同丧生，时年8岁，由于媒体在报道中出现差异，事故可能发生在谢尔曼或者韦瑟福德。
生前经历
罗伯特·尼科尔斯于1926年9月12日出生于印第安纳州新奥尔巴尼，父母是塞拉斯·尼科尔斯和阿尔法·尼科尔斯，他们育有四个儿子。尼科尔斯参加第二次世界大战并加入美国海军，在1945年冲绳附近亚伦·沃德号担任消防员（后来船只被日本轰炸）。他受伤后被授予紫心勋章。战后他烧了军装。
尼科尔斯于1947年与拉维恩·科特结婚，他们有三个儿子，尼科尔斯在通用电气担任绘图员。1964年，尼科尔斯离开妻儿，同年提出离婚。他搬到了密歇根州迪尔伯恩，他告诉父母他在汽车行业工作。1965年3月，他写信给父母说他搬到加利福尼亚州里士满，同月他还给在加利福尼亚州纳帕市的儿子菲尔写了一封信。此后他的家人再也没有收到他的消息，他们在1965年上报失踪。他的家人雇佣侦探在加利福尼亚州和印第安纳州找他，发现找不到任何认识他的人。根据美国国税局的说法，尼科尔斯在1976年之前一直用真名工作。
1978年，他在克利夫兰的工程公司Edko公司工作，后来在化工公司路博润担任电气设计师和绘图员，公司于1997年将他解雇。他声称有一个叫“玛丽·威尔逊”的妹妹；然而，他提供玛丽在俄亥俄州哥伦布地址是虚构的，尼科尔斯实际出生在新奥尔巴尼的相同地址。
尼科尔斯被称为隐士，只有工作和吃饭时才会离开公寓。同事们说他很少跟别人说话，几乎没有朋友。在1992年万圣节聚会上，他穿着黑帮模样参加活动，但整晚都没和任何人说话。他还做出一些古怪行为，如听几小时白噪音，有一次开车去缅因州的L.Bean商店（开车至少10小时，行驶1100公里），发现商店停车场没有空位后迅速掉头开车回俄亥俄州。
自杀
他的尸体于2002年7月30日在他的公寓里发现。他应该在一周前用几个月前购买的.38口径左轮手枪开枪自杀。他在日历上标出了自杀前的日子。在开枪之前，他关上了百叶窗，关掉空调，这可能加速尸体分解过程。他曾被诊断出患有结肠癌，这可能是他自杀的原因。
他的银行账户里有8.2万美元，并将他的同事列为紧急联系人。当局发现找不到他任何亲戚时，才发现他是身份盗窃者，并发现真正的钱德勒在几十年前已经去世。当局找不到任何有用的指纹来进行身份识别，发现他在2000年去俄亥俄州莱克县一家医院做过结肠癌手术后才获得他的DNA样本。
标识
2014年，按警方要求，俄亥俄州北区联邦法警彼得·J·埃利奥特重启此案。从医院拿到的组织样本中提取DNA生成CODIS配置文件，但是匹配没有结果。2016年，埃利奥要求法医系谱学家科琳·菲茨帕特里克将组织样本中获得的Y-STR谱与公共Y-STR遗传谱系数据库进行匹配，匹配表明他可能姓“尼古拉斯”或“尼科尔斯”。2018年，无名氏DNA项目使用常染色体SNP分析，通过对全基因组公司得到的DNA结果进行生物信息学分析，并使用GEDmatch进行DNA匹配，确定钱德勒就是印第安纳州新奥尔巴尼的工程绘图员“罗伯特·伊万·尼科尔斯”，与罗伯特·尼科尔斯的儿子“菲尔·尼科尔斯”的CODIS匹配确认他的身份。
参考资料
已确认身份的前身份不明人物
美國罪犯
在美國自殺者
印第安纳州军人
俄亥俄州莱克县人士 |
宫外孕发现多久可以保守治疗？宫外孕属于一种妇科疾病，很多女性朋友都会患有此病，在发现自己患有该病过后，如何治疗以及治疗的时间是患者朋友比较关心的一个问题，其实治疗的时间需要结合多方面的因素来进行判断的，那么宫外孕发现多久可以保守治疗呢？一、宫外孕很有可能会出现破裂后内出血的情况，所以我们在发现宫外孕之后一定要及时进行治疗，一般的情况下我们是通过手术来进行治疗的，但是在一些特殊的情况下我们也可以通过保守的方示来进行治疗。二、宫外孕进行保守治疗的时间当然是越早越好，但是保守治疗的时间比较长，而且危害也是非常大的。当我们出现宫外孕的症状的时候一定要马上到医院进行确诊，并且进行及时的治疗，这样就可以减少腹腔出血的情况。三、我们一定要对宫外孕的症状有所了解，这样有助于我们及早地发现宫外孕，处于生育年龄的女性出现月经过期，并且厌食，恶心等早孕反应，并且出现下腹疼痛，肛门下坠等情况的话就很有可能是出现了宫外孕。四、宫外孕一般来讲，要通过具体的患病程度来进行时间上的判断，同时需要结合自身的恢复能力，当然了，还有很多因素都是可以影响宫外孕保守治疗的时间，但是上述的两点是影响宫外孕保守治疗时间的关键所在处。五、如果患病比较严重，而且采取保守治疗的方法，那么治疗的时间一般来讲是需要一个多月的，同样的道理，这是建立在对保守治疗晚期的宫外孕有效果的情况，以及恢复能力较好的前提下，如果有其他情况的出现，那么时间也会随之增加或者是减少。对于适龄已婚妇女，一旦出现停经史，建议首先到医院检查一下，确定是不是怀孕，并且也要确定好怀孕的位置，以免发生宫外孕，甚至宫外孕破裂，发生生命危险的。其实目前医学上治疗宫外孕的方法还有很多，无论是采取保守治疗还是腹腔镜手术治疗，都需要根据患者身体情况而定，尤其在出现宫外孕症状时要引起重视。 |
文挾站（）是東日本旅客鐵道（JR東日本）日光線的鐵路車站，位於日本栃木縣日光市小倉。
車站構造
對向式月台2面2線的地面車站。西側為1號線、東側為2號線。
現在為無人站。簡易Suica改札機設置站。
月台配置
（來源：JR東日本:車站構內圖 ）
使用情況
根據「栃木縣統計年鑑」，2008年度（平成20年度）－2011年度（平成23年度）各年上車人次推移如下表。
車站周邊
國道121號（日光例幣使街道）
日光杉並木
文挾郵便局
日光市立落合東小學校
日光市役所落合支所
歷史
1890年（明治23年）6月1日 - 開業。
1971年（昭和46年）10月1日 - 無人化。
1987年（昭和62年）4月1日 - 國鐵分割民營化成為東日本旅客鐵道車站。
2008年（平成20年）3月15日 - Suica開始使用。東口站舎完成。
相鄰車站
東日本旅客鐵道
日光線
鹿沼－文挾－下野大澤
參考資料
相關條目
日本鐵路車站列表
外部連結
日光市鐵路車站
basami
日光線車站
1890年启用的铁路车站 |
莫洛馬河是俄羅斯的河流，位於基洛夫州，屬於維亞特卡河的支流，河道全長419公里，流域面積12,700平方公里，河流在每年11月初至4月底結冰。
俄羅斯河流
基洛夫州河流 |
Polenzko is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Zerbst.
Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Zerbst |
Madapurachal is a locality near Manathana in Peravoor panchayath, Kannur district, Kerala, India. State highway 59 passes through Madapurachal. Madapurachal is situated 50 km away from Kannur. Iritty is the nearest town which is 13 km from Madapurachal.
References
Villages near Iritty |
为什么会得灰指甲灰指甲的原因？世界范围内数据表明，甲真菌病的发病率占自然人群的2%～18%，在我国发病率存在一定的地域差别。一项来自全国多中心皮肤科门诊的调查显示，就诊的足病患者中甲真菌病比例为15.7%。甲真菌病的发病与年龄有关，男性发病率高于女性，更易发生于老年男性群体，流行病学调查显示，60～79岁人群患病率为18.2%，而19岁以下者仅为0.7%。趾甲的甲真菌病发病率高于指甲。目前按照临床表现可分为5种主要类型甲癣：白色浅表型、远端侧位甲下型（最常见类型）、近端甲下型、甲板内型、全甲毁损型。在“症状”部分将对每一种类型甲癣进行详述。根据感染真菌类型，需要特别注意念珠菌性甲床炎和甲沟炎，其致病菌为念球菌，常伴有甲沟炎，可有甲分离、甲增厚。临床上还会有混合型甲真菌病，特征是在同一病甲上有不同类型的甲损害。此外，还有继发性甲真菌病，比如银屑病甲病和外伤性甲病变等，这些是在非真菌性甲病的基础上出现真菌感染，往往多表现出原发病，临床表现结合真菌检查诊断不难。真菌检查包括直接镜检、真菌培养、组织病理检查等。真菌直接镜检简单易行，临床应用普遍。气温高、湿度大是癣病多发的重要条件。因此，夏季、雨季的癣病比冬季、旱季多且重。有些耐旱抗寒的癣菌，在寒冷、干旱季节照样致病，这在我国北方多见。患者的工作、生活环境也不可忽视。通风良好的地方比密闭、闷湿的地方发病率低。人员拥挤的地方发病高。由此可见，职业、工种等对癣病发病率有很大影响。在高温、高湿车间、特别是必须穿着厚重工作服才能生产而通风又差的环境易患癣病，若无洗澡设备或未能及时沐浴，则癣病发病率将明显提高。 |
城西街道，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。
行政区划
城西街道下辖以下地区：
。
参考资料 |
Darron Asher Collins (born 1970) is an American human ecologist and academic administrator specialized in ethnobotany. He became president of the College of the Atlantic in 2011.
Life
Collins is from Morris Plains, New Jersey. His grandmother, Josephine Collins (née Flynn), was born in County Roscommon and immigrated to Morristown, New Jersey in May 1928. Collins was raised in nearby Parsippany–Troy Hills, New Jersey and graduated from Parsippany Hills High School in 1988. He was awarded a Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and graduated from College of the Atlantic in 1992. Collins completed a master's degree in Latin American Studies and a Ph.D. in anthropology at Tulane University. During his studies, he researched ethnobotany in Guatemala and became conversant in Qʼeqchiʼ. His 2001 dissertation was titled From Woods to Weeds: Cultural and Ecological Transformations in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.
Collins worked for the World Wide Fund for Nature for ten years, ending as the managing director of creative assets. He became president of the College of the Atlantic in 2011. Collins is the first COA alumni to hold the position.
Collins is married and has two daughters. Preceding 2011, Collins resided in Decatur, Georgia.
References
1970 births
Living people
College of the Atlantic alumni
Tulane University alumni
American ecologists
Parsippany Hills High School alumni
People from Morris Plains, New Jersey
People from Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey
Scientists from New Jersey
College of the Atlantic faculty
Human ecologists
Ethnobotanists
American anthropologists
21st-century American biologists
American people of Irish descent |
黃易（），字伯貞，號九潭，江西廣信府弋陽縣人，民籍，明朝政治人物。
生平
江西鄉試第二名舉人。正德十二年（1517年）中式丁丑科會試第一百四十八名，登第二甲第十一名進士。選翰林院庶吉士。授翰林院编修，嘉靖六年（1527年）十月被罢。
嘉靖十八年（1539年）二月选置东宫官僚，恢复编修原职，兼校书，未赴任。
家族
曾祖黃敬方，曾任承事郎；祖父黃澄源，曾任知州；父黃珽，曾任縣丞。母徐氏。重庆下。
参考文献
黃姓
明朝庶吉士
弋阳人
明朝翰林院编修
正德八年癸酉科江西鄉試舉人 |
请描述浆细胞瘤的治疗方法？以化疗和放疗为主，对长管状骨病理骨折地可作髓内钉固定，严重者可作截肢，若因脊柱骨针所引起脊髓压迫，可作椎板切除减压，预后差。一般采用综合治疗，以放疗和化疗为主，手术治疗为辅。放射治疗 骨髓瘤对放射线中度敏感，姑息性治疗和根治性治疗的照射剂量有所不同。 化疗 病变较广泛者，宜选用化疗。一般多选用左旋苯丙氨酸氮芥或环磷酰胺，还有甲基苄肼、双氯已亚硝脲及长春新硷等。手术治疗 若有脊髓或神经根受压，应行减压术，同时应用化疗。 术病预后较差，一般多在1年内死亡。经综合治疗后可延长生命。 |
陈阶（），字达芝，三国蜀汉及西晋史学家陈寿的子辈。在蜀汉曾任益州主簿，察孝廉，在晋又任褒中令、永昌西部都尉、建宁兴古太守。文辞表章美丽有条理，驰名当世，著述数十篇，梁、益二州以及中原的文士们纷纷为他作传，内容也大抵如此。
参考文献
《华阳国志》：（陈寿）兄子符，……符弟莅，……莅从弟阶，字达芝，州主簿，察孝廉，褒中令、永昌西部都尉、建宁兴古太守。皆辞章粲丽，驰名当世。凡寿所述作二百余篇，符、莅、阶各数十篇，二州及华夏文士多为作传，大较如此。
J
南充人
三国人 |
Christian Gärtner (6 May 1705 – 31 December 1782) was a German telescope maker and astronomer, noted for his observation of the 1758 return of Halley's Comet.
Gärtner was born at Tolkewitz near Dresden and even as a child had a passion for the stars. He earned his living as a cloth-bleacher and spent his income on astronomical equipment and books. Later, he learned to grind his own lenses and manufactured and sold telescopes.
In December 1758 (simultaneously with Johann Georg Palitzsch) Gärtner observed the return of Halley's Comet, predicted by Edmond Halley in 1705.
Gärtner died a pauper in 1782 and was buried in Leuben cemetery.
Eponymy
Gärtner is commemorated by a crater on the Moon and by 132445 Gaertner, an asteroid.
References
18th-century German astronomers
1705 births
1782 deaths |
卫生信息技术是什么?？卫生信息技术。技术是一个宽泛的概念，涉及到某一物种对于各种工具和技艺的使用和知识，以及它如何影响该物种控制和适应其环境的能力。然而，有种定义显得更为严格但却有些晦涩难懂；“技术”可以指的是物质对象对于人类来说的使用价值，如机器、硬件或器皿用具；但是，“技术”同时还可能涵盖更为广泛的主题，包括各种系统、组织方法以及方法技能。就HIT而言，技术则表示的是那些为了实现卫生信息的沟通交流，可以采取联网方式构建出各种系统的计算机和通讯属性。卫生信息学则是HIT之中另外一个不可分割的组成部分。信息学是关于信息、信息处理实践以及信息系统工程设计的一门科学。信息学作为基础，支持着计算与通讯技术在医疗保健、健康教育以及生物医学研究领域的学术调查活动和实际应用工作。卫生信息学则是位于信息科学、计算机科学以及医疗保健领域之间的一门交叉学科。卫生信息学阐述的是在计算机科学、数学以及心理学等领域成果的影响下，卫生信息在医疗保健行业内部的交换、共享及使用。卫生信息学工作处理的是为优化卫生与生物医学领域内对于信息的采集、存储、检索和使用而所必需的各种资源、设备和方法。卫生信息学工具包括的不仅仅的是计算机，同时还包括各种临床诊疗指南、形式化医学术语集以及信息与通讯系统。医学信息学、护理信息学以及药学信息学分别是从不同学科角度为卫生信息学提供内容素材的分支学科。过程和人员则是卫生信息学所关注或研究的主要因素。 |
复方锌布颗粒禁忌症是什么？1? 对其他非甾体抗炎药过敏者禁用。 2? 孕妇及哺乳期妇女禁用。 3? 对阿司匹林过敏的哮喘患者禁用。 |
Al Mahwait District () is a district of the Al Mahwit Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 50,526 inhabitants.
References
Districts of Al Mahwit Governorate |
周期性畏寒发热出汗热退症状的治疗和预防方法？1.预防 包括个体预防和群体预防。预防措施有蚊媒防制和预防服药。蚊媒防制包括杀灭蚊和使用蚊帐及驱蚊剂。预防服药是保护易感人群的重要措施之一。常用的预防性抗疟药有氯喹(chloroquine)，对抗氯喹的恶性疟，可用哌喹(piperaquine)或哌喹加乙胺嘧啶(pyrimethamine)或乙胺嘧啶加伯氨喹啉(primaquine)。不论个体或群体进行预防服药，每种药物疗法不宜超过半年。2.治疗：疟疾治疗应包括对现症病人的治疗(杀灭红细胞内期疟原虫)和疟疾发作休止期的治疗(杀灭红细胞外期休眠子)。休止期的治疗是指在疟疾传播休止期，对1～2年内有疟疾史和带虫者的治疗，以控制间日疟的复发和减少传染源。 |
Orson Reed (September 7, 18091890) was an American farmer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He represented Waukesha County in the Wisconsin Senate (1866, 1867) and State Assembly (1853), and also served as sheriff of Waukesha County. His first name was sometimes spelled "Orison".
Most of Reed's siblings were also notable politicians or married to notable politicians. His brothers were George B. Reed, Harrison Reed, and Curtis Reed. His youngest sister was Martha Reed Mitchell.
Biography
Orson Reed was born September 7, 1809, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. When he was a child, his family moved to a farm in Westford, Massachusetts, and then to a new farm in Vermont in 1823.
The Reed family began looking west in the 1830s, the first to go west was Orson's eldest brother, George B. Reed, who came to Milwaukee in 1834. Orson came with his parents and siblings in 1835. Two years later, Orson and his younger brother, Curtis Reed, went further west to what is now the village of Summit, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, where they established a claim and started a farm. Their parents followed them to Summit later that year. The first post office was established there in 1838, with Curtis Reed as postmaster.
Reed built the first structure in what is now Okauchee Lake, Wisconsin—he constructed a saw mill there in 1839 and 1840, and operated it until 1847, when he sold his ownership. His mill furnished a large portion of the lumber used in the construction of the Milwaukee & Watertown plank road.
In 1844, new towns were established by legislation in their region, and what is now the northwest quadrant of Waukesha County was established as the town of Oconomowoc. At that time, Reed helped his brother, Curtis, to gather up a large number of men from the areas that are now the towns of Summit, Merton, and Ashippun, to go to the first town meeting and elect Curtis Reed as town chairman.
In 1845, prominent citizens of Waukesha began advocating for separating their region from Milwaukee County. Orson Reed and his brothers identified with the faction opposed to division. The division won however, and Waukesha County was created from what had been the western half of Milwaukee County.
Through local politics, Reed became active with the Democratic Party. In 1852, he ran for Wisconsin State Assembly on the Democratic slate. He was elected to represent Waukesha County's 1st Assembly district, which then comprised the towns of Merton, Delafield, Summit, and Oconomowoc—the northwest corner of the county. During the 1853 legislative session, he served alongside his brother, Curtis Reed, who was representing Winnebago County. Throughout the 1850s, Reed remained active in the state, county, and district level Democratic Party conventions. He was elected to four consecutive terms as chairman of the town of Summit, and was ex officio a member of the Waukesha County Board of Supervisors from 1857 through 1860. He also sought the Democratic nomination for sheriff in 1858, but fell short at the convention. He was ultimately nominated for sheriff in 1862 and prevailed in the general election, serving a two-year term.
In 1865, he received the Democratic nomination for Wisconsin Senate in the 10th Senate district, which then comprised all of Waukesha County. He prevailed in the general election, defeating Republican Vernon Tichenor. During the 1866 and 1867 legislative sessions, Reed served alongside another of his brothers, George B. Reed, who was then the senator from Manitowoc County.
Shortly after his Senate term, Reed left Wisconsin, residing for a time in Florida, where his brother Harrison Reed had been elected governor.
Orson Reed likely died sometime between 1883 and 1895.
Personal life and family
Orson Reed was the third of eight children born to Seth Harrison Reed and his wife Rhoda ( Finney).
The Reed family were descendants of the colonist Philip Reade, who came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony from England in the 1660s. Nearly all of Orson Reed's seven siblings were notable in some way:
Julia Ann Reed (1806–1881) married physician Thomas J. Noyes who was the president of Milwaukee's first medical society, and the first doctor at Menasha, Wisconsin.
George B. Reed (1807–1883) was the first village president of Manitowoc, Wisconsin, and served three terms in the Wisconsin Senate, overlapping with Orson Reed's Senate term in 1866 and 1867. He was also a prominent railroad executive, known as the "father of the Wisconsin Central Railroad", which linked Lake Superior to Milwaukee. He died in the Newhall House Hotel Fire.
Mary Augusta Reed (1811–1866) married attorney Abram D. Smith who became one of the first elected justices of the Wisconsin Supreme Court.
Harrison Jackson Reed (1813–1899) was one of the original owners of the Milwaukee Sentinel and an early editor of the Wisconsin State Journal, and then became one of the founders of Neenah, Wisconsin. Later he moved to Florida and, during reconstruction, he became the 9th governor of Florida.
Curtis Reed (1815–1895) was the founder of Menasha, Wisconsin, and served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly—one of which was concurrent with Orson Reed's term in the Assembly in 1853.
Martha Reed (1818–1902) married the prominent Milwaukee banker and congressman Alexander Mitchell and became a philanthropist. Their son John L. Mitchell was a U.S. senator; their grandson, Billy Mitchell, is considered the father of the United States Air Force.
Herbert Reed (1822–1875) was a railroad depot agent in Iowa County, Wisconsin.
Orson Reed married Agnes Fairservice on March 19, 1839. Agnes Fairservice was also a pioneer settler of Wisconsin with her father Marshall Fairservice. Their wedding was the second wedding held in the town of Summit. They had at least three children together.
Notes
References
1809 births
Date of death missing
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
People from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
People from Summit, Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
19th-century American politicians
Wisconsin sheriffs
Wisconsin pioneers |
雷托尔比多（），是意大利帕维亚省的一个市镇。总面积11.67平方公里，人口1414人，人口密度121.2人/平方公里（2009年）。国家统计（ISTAT）代码为018121。
参考
外部链接
帕维亚省市镇 |
独立棒球联盟（）指的是与本国或本地区主要职业棒球联盟无关的其他职业棒球联盟。
美洲地区
在美洲地区，独立棒球联盟通常指位于美国或加拿大境内的职业棒球联盟，但它们并不受美国职业棒球大联盟的监管，并且它们也不属于其附属的小联盟棒球俱乐部。
与都于1993年开赛，而北部联盟的成功为和等其他独立联盟铺平了道路。相较而言，拥有比其他独立联盟更多的明星球员，这包括荷西·坎塞柯、麦特·拉托斯、、弗朗西斯科·罗德里格斯、王建民、罗杰·克莱门斯、、史考特·卡兹米尔、璜·冈萨雷兹、、唐崔利·威利斯等。另还有提姆·雷恩斯和瑞奇·韩德森等成功入选国家棒球名人堂；而另一位名人堂选手则在联盟执教过。除此之外，大西洋联盟还拥有诸多知名教练与经理，例如：、、、和。而北部联盟的著名人物有、J·D·德鲁、达里尔·斯塔比雷等。
独立联盟在美国东北地区蓬勃发展，这是由于该地区的人口稠密度足以支撑多支球队。因为独立联盟球队没有美国职业棒球大联盟附属小联盟球队的那种领地范围限制，因此这些球队可以根据它们的选择搬迁到和彼此尽可能近的地方。例如：宾夕法尼亚州的兰开斯特市因为距离和太近而无法拥有自己的小联盟球队，最后在这里成立了一只隶属于大西洋联盟的。此外还有一个案例就是在纽约都会区，这里拥有长岛鸭队、、、等多支独立联盟球队。同时，密苏里州的堪萨斯城不仅是美国联盟堪萨斯皇家队的主场，并且也是独立联盟的主场。
现存独立联盟
独立联盟球队分布图
已解散的联盟
亚洲地区
日本
在日本，自（1947年－1928年）和（1966年－1969年）成立以来，其国内就没有独立的棒球联盟。但是，在发生事件后，有关独立联盟的组建在日本国内展开了讨论。几经波折，截至2022年，日本国内共有7个独立联盟处于活跃中。
国民棒球联盟旨在成为与（现日本棒球机构）对等的棒球联盟，但受挫后于2004年发展成为独立联盟。国民棒球联盟除了与球队所在社区保持密切关系外，还为那些目标成为日本棒球机构球员的选手提供机会，以培养球员为主要任务。
在日本要组织一个独立棒球联盟需要面对诸多问题，例如：费用问题，缺乏赞助商或实际运营费用远超预计等；人员问题，缺乏裁判、工作人员以及选手本身等。这些都会导致即便有出色的独立联盟运营计划，最后却无法被实际执行。而且即便在独立联盟开赛后还是有不少风险，特别是如何确保运营资金持续稳定提供就是个大问题。关西独立联盟在第一赛季中期就出现运营公司退出的问题；而到了赛季末，联盟更是发生球队退出及内部分裂等问题。而从关西独立联盟分裂出来的也因为大阪球队出现运营困难等问题，在组建一年后宣告解散。而四国岛联盟＋和棒球挑战联盟则采取多元赞助及获取地方支持等方法来努力维系其运营。
2009年11月18日，关西独立联盟、棒球挑战联盟、四国·九州岛联赛和等四大独立联盟的代表齐聚东京，就统一各大联盟政策（例如：球员工资和管理规则）等目标进行了讨论和交流。如果但是这个目标得以实现的话，那么关西地区的“一地区两联盟”而导致的球场不确定性问题将得以解决。 2010年4月1日，四大联盟成立了一个自愿的。2012年3月，四国·九州岛联赛和棒球挑战联盟就派遣与日本棒球机构达成协议；而根据当时发表的公告来看，已经只是该两个联盟的自愿团体，关西独立联盟已经退出该组织。在历经加盟球队变更、退出以及停赛等诸多问题后，关西独立联盟在2013赛季宣布终止运营。而原本隶属该联盟的两支球队随后组建了“棒球第一联盟”并于2014年4月开赛。
台湾
相关条目
参考资料
外部链接
独立棒球网 ——介绍北美地区独立职业棒球小联盟相关资讯的网站
I |
Darktown Comics is a series of Currier and Ives prints first produced in the 1870s that depicted racist vignettes ostensibly portraying a Black American town. It was a perennial bestseller for the New York-based firm, with some prints selling 73,000 copies via pushcarts and country stores, and all of them becoming bestsellers. The series represented one-third of Currier and Ives' production by 1884.
Background
The Darktown Comics "drew heavily" from earlier representations in the Harper's Weekly Blackville series by Sol Eytinge.
Currier and Ives, because they were targeting a middle-class American customer, inadvertently created a "pictorial record" of values in the United States in the 19th century. Prominent collector Harry Peters called the lithographs "mirrors of the national taste, weather vanes of popular opinion, reflectors of American attitudes". Albert Baragwanath said the body of work "remains a true documentation of the latter half of the nineteenth century -- a rich pageant interpreted with the morality and prejudice of the day." According to Baragwanath, of the approximately 500 "comic prints" produced by Currier and Ives, "more than half of these were the so-called Darktown Comics who humor lay in gross burlesque."
According to Marcy Sacks of Albion College, the Darktown representations "lampooned black people in order to discredit the urban migration of southern blacks" to rationalize northern Americans' withdrawal from reconstructionist ideals. In the early pre-Civil War period prints typically alternated between representing happy, contented enslaved people with representing the horrific conditions for enslaved people; Black people were portrayed in propagandistic ways in support of certain political agendas rather than as people with their own concerns. As the Civil War drew nearer, Black people were represented as "the cause of sectional politics" and finally of the war itself. During the war, "respect for Negroes rose together with the hostility against the white southerner," and Black people were portrayed as helping Union soldiers and spying for the Union.
In the post-war period portrayals returned to those of people "completely incapable of advancing beyond their previous condition of servitude". The Darktown Comics, first published in the early-to-mid 1870s, represent this final period. According to J. Michael Martinez, "The central message was clear: Negroes were incapable of performing even the simplest of tasks or engaging in ordinary social intercourse without lapsing into idiocy or violence."
According to Imprint, the journal of the American Historical Print Collectors Society, the series "played an important role in the political and cultural debates over the rights and the status of African Americans in the last quarter of the nineteenth century", drawing on minstrelsy and plantation literature.
Few of the lithographs have been represented in collections and exhibitions. In 1997 a Currier & Ives exhibit at the Baltimore Museum of Art included "The Darktown Fire Brigade -- Saved" (1884), depicting Black firefighters who can't see a fire in front of them, and "De Cake Walk" (1884), depicting three women in outlandish clothing performing a dance common among Black entertainers of the time.
Depictions
The Darktown Comics consists of 100 to 200 racist prints "ridiculing African Americans" created and produced between the 1870s and the 1890s. The series depicts Black Americans as "a kinky-haired, thick-lipped, wide-eyed, simian creature that could not even pretend to live like white Americans." Bryan Le Beau calls this "the position to which most late nineteenth-century Americans were retreating".
Often the series presents Black people as attempting and failing, in scenarios intended to be humorous, to "rise above their station" in imitation of Whites. For example, a common Currier & Ives print subject is fine horses and elegant horsemanship; in the Darktown Comics, Black people are shown riding mules, donkeys, and "broken-down nags". Other series show Black people playing popular sports and games or hunting and fishing or attending the opera or performing jobs, all incompetently.
Black women are depicted with "huge feet...stuffed into delicate shoes"; the lithographs ridicule the idea that Black women can be beautiful, graceful, or stylish. In the "A Darktown Lawn Party" duo, a group of Black people is depicted engaging in an elegant lawn party, an entertainment popular at the time, under a tree, oblivious to a bull pawing the turf visible in the distance, in the first vignette. In the second, the bull has charged, and the lawn party is in disarray; the implication being that in an attempt to imitate Whites, Black people are too stupid to notice they're having their party in a field that contains a bull.
The lithographs represent Black Americans "as racist caricatures and ugly stereotypes" showing Black people as "backward, inept, and unable to adapt", according to the Smithsonian. The artists include John Cameron and Thomas Worth. According to the Smithsonian,
Worth's "more obvious exaggerations" include portraying Black people with "big mouths, large feet and hands, and sloping foreheads (meant to indicate limited intelligence)".
Cameron reworked the Worth drawings before they were lithographed; notes to Cameron from one of the partners on Worth's original drawings include instructions to "let the woman's foot come between the mule's forefoot so as to show his brace against here better. The child is meant to be wrapped up in a mattress" on the Worth drawing for "A Mule Team on an Up Grade."
J. Michael Martinez in his 2016 A Long Dark Night, described the prints as "among the earliest and most popular series of sketches depicting Negroes in the 1880s and 1890s" with sets of "before-and-after scene[s] depicting the buffoonery of Negroes". According to Martinez,
Themes
Firefighting
Currier & Ives were particularly known for their romanticized depictions of firefighters. According to Le Beau their lithographs of Black firefighters are "not so romanticized". Their depictions of Black firefighters, which consisted of 16 separate prints produced between 1884 and 1891 when many cities were appointing their first Black firefighters, were entitled The Darktown Fire Brigade and The Darktown Hook and Ladder Corps. Black firefighters were depicted using absurd homemade equipment, and again incompetently. Some in the series "seem to burlesque" more serious Currier & Ives prints on the same topic, according to Harry Peters.
Marriage and courting
Currier and Ives published many lithographs "extolling the virtues of marriage and virtuous courting". According to Le Beau, "Black courting and marriage, as seen through Currier and Ives, was a different experience." As with many of the two-scene vignettes, Black people who attempt to engage in such normal behavior as courting and marrying often end in chaos or comic scenes.
Watermelons and banjos
Common themes in Darktown Comics are watermelons and banjos.
Children
Black children are generally portrayed in Darktown Comics as "mischievous and out of their parents' control, showing no respect for their elders."
Blackness as dirtiness
The two-part "Cause and effect", noted by Le Beau as "particularly insensitive, even vicious", portrays an elderly Black man as instructing a young Black child to stay away from soap because it will "wash all de butiful brack outen you." The child ignores him and washes with the soap, leaving his hands and face bleached White, to the dismay of both.
Popularity
The Darktown Comics series was perennially among the bestselling of Currier & Ives' over 7000 lithographs, with at least one selling 73,000 copies via pushcarts and in shops and country stores. According to J. Michael Martinez, every one of the series was a bestseller. The Thomas Worth lithographs, including the Darktown Comics, were "as popular and profitable as any prints the firm produced." The series represented one-third of Currier & Ives' production by 1884. The Duke of Newcastle was "so delighted" by the Darktown Comics that he purchased an entire set, at the time 100 prints.
Production by others
In the 1880s, an English ceramics manufacturer produced two of the Darktown series, "A Mule Train on an Up Grade" and "A Mule Train on a Down Grade", on mugs.
In 1907 Currier & Ives ceased operations. The lithograph stones were "sold by the pound", according to the American Historical Print Collectors Society. Most of the lithograph stones were ground down, but the Darktown Comics were "just too lucrative" to destroy and were purchased to make restrikes by Joseph Koehler, a New York printer. Koehler reproduced the prints for several years. In London the firm of S. Lipschitz and Son created restrikes.
Collectibility
As of 1996 the lithographs were among the most collectible of Currier & Ives' production.
References
Lithographs
Anti-black racism in the United States
Race-related controversies in comics
Race-related controversies in the United States
Cartoon controversies
Caricature
Black people in art |
Mansur Hakimov (born 30 August 1977) is a retired Tajikistani footballer who played as a forward.
Career statistics
International
Statistics accurate as of 17 November 2004
International goals
Honours
Parvoz Bobojon Ghafurov
Tajik Cup (1): 2004
Regar-TadAZ
Tajik League (2): 2006, 2007
Tajik Cup (1): 2006
Khujand
Tajik Cup (1): 2008
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Tajikistani men's footballers
Tajikistan men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards |
雷填，字原中，福建建寧縣（今屬建甌市）人。明朝政治人物。
生平
建文二年（1400年）二甲第三十六名进士。授工科给事中，忠于职守。永乐年间，奉命镇守苏州、常州、松州三府。后巡按广西，有政绩。有《原中类稿》。
家族
雷填出身科舉世家，祖父雷機為元延祐五年進士，父雷燧為至正二十三年進士。兄雷伯珽，至正二十六年進士。
参考文献
明朝給事中
建瓯人
T |
德爾里奧（）是位於美國加利福尼亞州斯坦尼斯洛斯縣的一個人口普查指定地區。
地理
德爾里奧的座標為，而該地最高點為海拔高度39米（即128英尺）。
人口
根據2010年美國人口普查的數據，德爾里奧的面積為5.377平方千米，當中陸地面積為4.723平方千米，而水域面積為0.654平方千米。當地共有人口1270人，而人口密度為每平方千米人。
參考文獻
加利福尼亞州普查規定居民點
斯坦尼斯洛斯縣普查規定居民點 (加利福尼亞州) |
怎么治骨质增生的症状？骨质增生一般指增生性骨关节病，增生性骨关节病是指由于关节退行性变，以致关节软骨被破坏而引起的慢性关节病。又称退化性关节炎、骨关节炎及肥大性关节炎等。原发性骨关节病的基本病因是，人体成熟后的逐渐老化及退行性变，在骨关节方面的表现。那么怎么治骨质增生的症状呢？下面来为大家详细解答。1、避免长期剧烈运动：长期、过度、剧烈的运动或活动是诱发骨质增生的基本原因之一。尤其对于持重关节(如膝关节、髋关节)，过度的运动使关节面受力加大，磨损加剧。长期剧烈运动还可使骨骼及周围软组织过度地受力及牵拉，造成局部软组织的损伤和骨髂上受力不均，从而导致骨质增生。2、适当进行体育锻炼：避免长期剧烈的运动，并不是不活动，恰恰相反，适当的体育锻炼是预防骨质增生的好方法之一。因为关节软骨的营养来自于关节液，而关节液只有靠“挤压’才能够进入软骨，促使软骨的新陈代谢。适当的运动，特别是关节的运动，可增加关节腔内的压力，有利于关节液向软骨的渗透，减轻关节软骨的退行性改变，从而减轻或预防骨质增生，尤其是关节软骨的增生和退行性改变。因此骨质增生康复的方法在于运动，意义在于消除或减轻增生部位的疼痛以及由此而造成的功能障碍，最大限度地恢复其生活和劳动能力，改善和提高患者的生活质量。3、及时治疗关节的损伤：关节损伤包括软组织损伤和骨损伤。关节的骨质增生经常与关节内骨折有直接关系。由于骨折复位不完全，造成关节软骨面不平整，从而产生创伤性关节炎。对于关节内骨折的患者，如果能够及时治疗，作到解剖复位，完全可以避免创伤性关节炎和关节骨质增生的发生。最后，在生活中可以轮流用热水及冷水泡脚，对减轻症状大有好处，用冰按摩脚底也有帮助。也可以用骑脚踏车或游泳取代走路或慢跑，既达到了锻炼的目的，又不会伤及病脚。勿吃任何柳橙类水果，尤其是橘子、橙子。也避免糖、酒、咖啡。这些物质将阻挠复原过程，并扰乱体内的矿物质平衡。 |
環濠城館（クリークじょうかん）是佐賀平原發達且特有，引用溪流包圍而成的城館。
結構
構造為連結在溪流中的大小島嶼而成。作為結果而言成了群郭式設計。
特徵
不容易區分出主郭。
沒有如織豐系城郭、武田流築城術、北條流築城術那般精緻發展至極的設計，構造較為素簡。防御力低弱。
不是為了面對大軍壓境的長時間圍城戰而設計。
沒有後詰城。一般而言會如要害山城之於躑躅崎館般，對於城館防禦力的不安而建造可後防的城塞，但在此則沒有。
因為只是將小島連結而成，建築費用便宜。
代表例
直鳥城
崎村城
姊川城
横武城
參考文獻
宮武正登「佐賀県の城と館」『佐賀県の中近世城館』 佐賀縣教育委員會文化課 2005
河野知郎「2.環濠集落の分類」『横武城跡』 神埼町教育委員會 1997
相關項目
溪流
環濠集落
佐賀縣城堡
城堡
日本城堡 |
The Hamilton Steelers (known as the Hamilton Steelhawks from 2015 to 2022) are a senior-level ice hockey team based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The team is a member of the Allan Cup Hockey league of the Ontario Hockey Association, the top tier of senior ice hockey in Ontario, and eligible for the Allan Cup national championship.
The team began play in the 2015–16 season as an expansion team. The team plays in the Andreychuk Mountain Arena.
Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Source: pointstreak.com
References
External links
Official ACH website
OHA website
Ice hockey teams in Hamilton, Ontario
2015 establishments in Ontario
Ice hockey clubs established in 2015 |
斯托克曼旗舰店（）是斯托克曼百货公司最古老、也是规模最大的门店，也是一座具有文化价值的商业建筑，位于芬兰首都赫尔辛基的市中心。无论按面积还是销售额，它都是北欧国家最大的百货公司。该店以销售国际知名的奢侈品牌著称。
斯托克曼时钟位于大门处，已经成为赫尔辛基城市文化的符号，是一个受欢迎的碰面地点。
斯托克曼百货公司大楼建于1930年。1989年，阿尔戈斯大楼被并入斯托克曼大楼，只有立面得以保留。此后，斯托克曼占据了整个街区，四面分别是曼纳海姆路、亚历山大街、中心街和北埃斯普拉纳迪街。
2007年，百货公司开始进一步扩张。2010年完成后，零售面积由1万平方米增加到50000平方米，成为欧洲最大的百货公司之一。整修耗资约1.25亿欧元，预计增加年销售额5000万欧元。
参考文献
外部链接
芬蘭公司
芬蘭地標
赫尔辛基
芬蘭商業建築物
芬蘭現代主義建築
1930年完工建築物 |
A Handful of Love () is a 1974 Swedish period drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman. It was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival. At the 10th Guldbagge Awards the film won the awards for Best Film and Best Director.
Cast
Anita Ekström as Hjördis
Gösta Bredefeldt as Daniel Severin Larsson
Ingrid Thulin as Inez Crona
Ernst-Hugo Järegård as Claes Crona
Sif Ruud as Thekla Renholm
Per Myrberg as Sebastian Renholm
Eva-Britt Strandberg as Therese
Frej Lindqvist as Fritz Fredrik Crona
Anders Oscarsson as Henning Christian Crona
Gunnar Ossiander as Grandfather Crona
Chris Wahlström as Magdalena
Bibi Skoglund as Adele
Claire Wikholm as Zaida
Ernst Günther as Finland
Harald Hamrell as Linus
References
External links
1974 films
1974 drama films
1970s Swedish-language films
Films set in the 1900s
Swedish historical drama films
1970s historical drama films
Films directed by Vilgot Sjöman
Best Film Guldbagge Award winners
Films whose director won the Best Director Guldbagge Award
1970s Swedish films |
老年人尿频尿急怎样治疗？老年人尿频尿急一般常见的话，考虑还是一个良性的前列腺增生，引起来的尿频尿急，因为我们知道，男性一般过了50岁以后，前列腺会逐渐增大，增大以后还会堵塞，我们膀胱的排尿的一个通道，堵塞了以后会导致患者，出现一个尿路刺激症状，有时候会有尿频尿急，夜尿增多，或者排尿费力，尿不尽，然后夜尿次数一般大于两次，或者是有时候会有尿线变细，排尿时间延长这些症状，所以说老年人的尿频尿急的话，一般考虑就是跟良性前列腺增生，有关系，在这个时候的话，一般来说就是建议患者到医院，做一些相关的检查，B超、尿常规或者抽血，化验一些前列腺的指标，然后诊断明确以后，医生就会让患者服用一些专门针对前列腺增生治疗的药物从而达到一个很好的治疗尿频尿急的一个效果。老年人出现尿频、尿急、尿痛，可能是发生了尿路感染，其原因是尿路中有大量的致病菌繁殖，而引起了炎症反应，发生尿路感染时，抗菌治疗是必须的。病人尿路刺激征很明显，还需要适当的卧床休息，尤其是伴有发热、血尿的病人。同时应鼓励病人多喝水，勤排尿，使尿路和膀胱得到冲洗，促进细菌炎症的分泌物的加速排出。另外在有尿频、尿急、尿痛或者是排尿不适为主要表现的病人中，虽然大部分人尿常规检查异常和细菌培养阳性，可以诊断为尿路感染，而还有三分之一的病人尿常规检查正常，多次尿细菌培养为阴性，应归于无菌性的尿频排尿不适综合征，又称为尿道综合征，其发生可能是与尿道的局部损伤、刺激及妇科慢性炎症等有关，治疗上应以对症处理，祛除诱因为主。 |
马磊磊（），已退役的中国足球运动员，生于天津，司职边前卫，惯用左脚。
2008年7月加入天津泰达，开始了中超联赛生涯。2009年亚冠联赛中对阵川崎前锋时攻入2球，是在亚冠进球的最年轻中国球员。其后曾在青岛中能以及梅州客家效力，2016年10月马磊磊正式加盟澳超球队纽卡斯尔喷气机。2020年3月6日，通过本人的微博宣布退役，并表示将专注于经营自己的饭店和燕窝等生意。
中国男子足球运动员
天津泰达球员
中超球员
M |
圆叶血桐（学名：,達悟語:Galotagit）为大戟科圆叶血桐属下的一个种。
参考文献
Y
fastuosus |
人属（学名：）是灵长目人科的一属。今天生活在世界上的现代人即智人是其唯一幸存的物种。
特征
人属最大的特点是其发达的脑。在二百万年的进化中其脑的容量扩大了三倍。
在人科中人属的特点是：
特别大的头颅容量
前额直立
不断增大的脑，尤其是大脑
咀嚼肌肉的退缩
牙齿的大小逐渐相近，逐渐减小
上下颌逐渐变小
手逐渐灵活
产道变阔，變得不再那麼順直
雌性乳房变大（无法在化石中验证这是否也适应于已灭绝的人种）
物种
能人（H. habilis）从南方古猿分支出来，具有比南方古猿更小的大臼齿和更大的脑容量，并运用石头或骨骼制作工具，可能栖息在树上，而非直立行走。
在更新世早期，距今150万到100万年间的非洲、亚洲与欧洲，某些巧人群体发展出较大的脑子，并制作更进步的石器，会使用火，被称为直立人。最有名的直立人标本是北京人，此外在印尼、非洲、欧洲出土。匠人可能距今180万到125万年前的直立人，或是直立人的亚种。直立人可能由于多峇巨灾而灭绝。
尼安德特人在大约公元前7万5000年与智人混血，因此非洲以外的现代人的DNA约有1%到4%源自尼安德特人。来自智人的竞争，可能导致了尼安德特人的灭绝。
智人是人属中现存的唯一物种，从直立人演化而来。根据单地起源说，智人从非洲向外迁移，最终取代了较早散居各地的直立人。
已灭绝物种
系統發生學
{{clade|{{clade
|1=†始祖地猿
|sublabel2=(3.9)
|label2=南方古猿屬
|2={{clade
|1=湖畔南方古猿 (†3.8)
|2={{clade
|1=†阿法南方古猿
|2={{clade
|1=†驚奇南方古猿
|2={{clade
|1=近親南方古猿 (†3.4)
|2={{clade
|1=肯亞平臉人 (†3.3)
|2={{clade
|1=
|label2=人屬
|sublabel2=(3.4)
|2={{clade
|5=佛羅勒斯人 (†0.05)
|1=巧人 (†1.5)
|2=盧多爾夫人 (†1.9)
|4=源泉南方古猿 (†2.0)
|label3=直立人
|sublabel3=(1.9)
|3={{clade
|1=匠人 (†1.4)
|label3=(1.5)
|2={{clade
|1=非洲的直立人 (†)
|2=亞洲的直立人 ((†)0.1)
|3=馬鹿洞人 (†0.01)
|label4=(1.2)
|4={{clade
|1=前人 (†0.8)
|sublabel2=(0.5)
|2=
参考文献
外部链接
參見
人類多地起源說
卡尔·林奈命名的生物分类
1758年描述的分類群 |
熱影像儀又称热像仪或红外线热成像仪等。是一种对物体散发出的红外线进行感光成像的设备，这种设备被广泛运用在军事、消防、医疗、工业生产、海关检查等领域。
历史
热成像仪是从对红外线敏感的光敏元件上发展而来，但是光敏元件只能判断有没有红外线，无法呈现出图像。在第二次世界大战中交战各国对热成像仪的军事用途表现出了兴趣，对其进行了零星的研究和小规模应用。1952年，锑化铟被开发出来，这种新的半导体材料促进了红外线热成像仪的进一步发展。不久之后，德州仪器公司开发出了具有实用价值的前视红外线（Forward looking infrared）热成像仪。这一系统采用的是单原件感光，利用机械装置控制镜片转动，将光线反射到感光元件上。随着碲镉汞材料制造工艺的成熟，在军事领域大规模采用热成像仪成为了可能。60年代之后出现了由60或更多的感光元件组成的线性整列，瑞典的AGA公司将热成像仪的应用拓展至民用领域发展。然而由于最初采用的是非制冷感光元件，制冷部件加上机械扫描机构使得整个系统非常庞大。等到CCD技术成熟之后，焦平面阵列式热成像仪取代了机械扫描式热成像仪。至80年代半导体制冷技术取代了液氮、压缩机制冷之后开始出现了便携、手持的热成像仪。90年代之后，德州仪器又开发出了基于非晶硅的非制冷红外焦平面阵列，进一步降低了热成像仪的生产成本。
原理及分类
红外热成像仪有光子探测和热探测两种不同的原理。前者主要是利用光子在半导体材料上产生的电效应进行成像，敏感度高，但探测器本身的温度会对其产生影响，因而需要降温。后者将光线引发的热量转换为电信号，敏感度不如前者，但无需制冷。除此之外，还根据热成像仪的工作波段、所使用的感光材料进行分类。常见热成像仪工作在3到5微米或8到12微米，常用感光材料则有硫化铅、硒化铅、碲化铟、碲锡铅、碲镉汞、掺杂锗和掺杂硅等。根据感光元件数量和运动方式，则有机械扫描、凝视成像型等。
用途
热成像仪的用途非常广泛，特别是在军事上，利用热成像仪可以在夜间发现散发热量的坦克发动机、士兵。在工业上，可以利用热像仪快速探测出加工件的温度，从而掌握必要的資訊。由于电动机、晶体管等电子元件发生故障时，往往伴随着温度的异常升高，利用热成像仪也可以快速诊断故障。在醫學方面，流行性感冒、肺炎等疾病流行时，可以利用热成像仪快速判断是否有发热现象。由于癌细胞的温度较高，也可用其輔助诊断乳腺癌等疾病。边防部门也可用其判断交通工具或邊界地帶否藏有偷渡客。
參見
夜視鏡
参考文献
光学仪器
监视
红外线成像 |
生活，广义上讲是人類為活著而做出的一切行為。
社会生活
社会生活是日常生活、都市生活、政治生活、文化生活、艺术生活、宗教生活的總稱。社会生活是一个整体，各行各业的工作，对社会来说是不可缺少的。任何职业都关系着社会的发展，都有存在的價值與意義。
生活的意義
不同人對生活的意義有不同的看法，取決於個人的思想、愛好等。
歷史學家呂思勉認為，人生在世，除掉極庸碌之輩，總有一個志願。志願而做到，就是成功、快樂。志願而做不到，看似失敗，然而自己心力已盡，也覺得無所愧怍，也是快樂。志願各人不同，似乎很難比較。然而其人物愈大，則其志願愈大，為人成分愈多，自為成分愈少，則是一定不移。哪有蓋世英雄之志願只為自己為子孫；說此話正見他自己是個小人，所以燕雀不知鴻鵠之志。
相關書籍
《生活雜誌》：美国图画杂志。
參考資料 |
《上帝，-{}-保佑沙皇》，又譯作《天佑-{}-沙皇》（，拉丁轉寫：Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!）是俄罗斯帝国第三首国歌，於1833年至1917年3月15日期間使用。
歷史
《天佑沙皇》是從一場在1833年的徵樂比賽中選出，由小提琴家阿列克谢·利沃夫作曲，瓦西里·安德烈耶维奇·茹科夫斯基填詞。在1917年二月革命爆發，3月15日俄羅斯帝國傾覆以前，一直是俄羅斯的國歌。帝國滅亡之後由《工人马赛曲》取代並成為臨時政府非正式國歌，直至十月革命爆發，臨時政府被布爾什維克推翻為止。
自從《天佑沙皇》成為國歌以後，有很多俄羅斯作曲家都有採用此歌曲主旋律來作曲，最著名的例子包括彼得·伊里奇·柴可夫斯基的《1812序曲》、《斯拉夫進行曲》以及丹麥國歌序曲。但在苏联時期，《1812序曲》及《斯拉夫進行曲》中的《天佑沙皇》部分被其他歌曲所代替。
1998年，俄羅斯作曲家、蘇聯時期著名搖滾樂手亚历山大·圭蒂斯基曾提倡再次使用《天佑沙皇》成為俄羅斯國歌，但其歌詞並非是原本茹可夫斯基的版本。
改編歌曲
1842年，英国作家亨利·卓萊將《天佑沙皇》改編並填上新詞，定名為《全能全權之神》（God, the Omnipotent!），並以《俄羅斯詩歌》之名義，在19及20世紀的詩歌集內發佈。《俄羅斯詩歌》的曲調至今仍收錄在部份英語教會詩歌集內，包括聯合衛理公會詩歌集、美國長老會詩歌集、美國路德會崇拜聖詩集及美国圣公会的《1982聖詩集》（The Hymnal 1982）的〈俄羅斯章〉內。
《天佑沙皇》的旋律亦被應用在美國部份院校的校歌及制服團體的官方歌曲，並填上新詞。包括宾夕法尼亚大学校歌《歡呼，賓夕法尼亞！》（Hail, Pennsylvania!）、麥卡萊斯特學院的《親愛的老麥卡萊斯特》（Dear Old Macalester）、美國童軍聖劍盟的官方歌曲、玛丽昂泰伯学院校歌及奧勒岡州波特蘭格蘭特高中校歌等。
由莫里斯·賈爾配樂的1965年電影《齊瓦哥醫生》曾多次採用《天佑沙皇》歌曲，尤其在序幕部份。
歌詞
參考
外部連結
俄羅斯國歌博物館
俄羅斯國歌博物館
俄羅斯國歌資料
俄國國歌介紹
俄罗斯歌曲
俄罗斯帝国政治
已不存在的国家的国歌 |
周虎拜，山东人，是一名清朝政治人物。
周虎拜曾于1813年接替何星文任宝山县知县一职，1813年由吴桓接任。
参考资料
清朝宝山县知县 |
对因治疗是什么?？对因治疗即是针对病因的治疗，也称治本。如用抗生素杀灭病原微生物。 |
The discography of Wednesday Campanella contains 2 studio albums, 1 soundtrack, 16 extended plays and 11 singles.
Studio albums
Soundtracks
Extended plays
Compilation extended plays
Singles
As a lead artist
As a featured artist
Promotional singles
Guest appearances
Notes
References
Discographies of Japanese artists
Electronic music discographies
Pop music discographies |
伊斯克拉（）是吉尔吉斯斯坦巴特肯州莱列克区下辖的一个村。根据2009年吉尔吉斯共和国人口普查，该村人口为2177人。
参考资料
巴特肯州聚居地 |
戟叶圣蕨（学名：）为金星蕨科圣蕨属下的一个种。
参考文献
J |
枣林湾，全称扬州仪征市枣林湾生态园，位于中华人民共和国江苏省扬州市仪征市西侧，为全国首批中日技术合作环境教育基地试点单位。2021年扬州世界园艺博览会也位于枣林湾园区内。
仪征市 |
胎盘成熟从一级到二级需要多久时间？胎盘是胎儿与母体之间物质交换的重要器官，是人类妊娠期间由胚胎胚膜和母体子宫内膜联合长成的母子间组织结合器官。胎儿在子宫中发育，依靠胎盘从母体取得营养，而双方保持相当的独立性。另外，一级胎盘可以提供宝宝的营养，二级胎盘开始老化，不过不影响营养的吸收，三级胎盘表示即将分娩。胎盘成熟从一级到二级大概需要4周左右的时间，因为一级标志胎盘成熟的早期阶段，一般在怀孕30-32周之间，二级胎盘的成熟，一般在36周以后；当然，每个人的胎盘成熟情况都不一样，从一级到二级的时间也不能一概而论。正常妊娠时胎盘附着于子宫体部的前壁、后壁及侧壁，若胎盘附着于子宫下段、下缘达到或覆盖宫颈内口，这就是所说的胎盘位置低。在孕28周前，随着妊娠进展，子宫下段延长，一部分低位置的胎盘可逐渐至正常位置；孕28周后，若胎盘位置仍低，低于胎儿先露部，这时就称为前置胎盘。胎盘位置低在孕期可能引起大量出血，危及母儿生命，所以在孕期要注意要按时产前检查，通过超声了解胎盘的状态、胎儿发育情况、有无贫血、血型等；另外，还需观察阴道出血常常表现为孕晚期无诱因无痛性反复阴道出血，因此孕妈们要关注有无阴道血性分泌物或阴道流血情况，一旦出血，立即到医院就诊，避免大出血发生；一旦出现不规律宫缩，与正常位置胎盘相比，更容易大出血；此外，需要注意观察腹痛，观察宫缩中没有明显腹痛，此时若感觉到腹部发紧或触摸到腹部发硬就是宫缩，如果每天偶尔有几次宫缩，一般是不会引起出血的。 |
成人容易被传染乙肝吗？慢性乙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒感染引起的肝脏的一种炎症，在临床上根据疾病的情况，可将乙型肝炎病人分成乙肝病毒的携带者和乙肝病人。乙肝病人指乙型肝炎病毒活动期。临床症状主要包括乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性、患者自觉身体不适以及肝功能与胆红素测定存在异常。1、成人容易传染乙肝，乙肝是由乙肝病毒感染所引起的，成年人的免疫系统比较完善，能够抵抗外界的乙肝病毒，机体内产生乙肝抗体是自愈的前提，成年人在感染乙肝病毒之后都是能够自愈的，如果自身免疫抵抗能力和身体素质都会很高，自愈的可能性是非常高的。2、成年人感染乙肝病毒有90%到95%都属于急性期，短时期内依靠自身的免疫能力，或通过药物控制病情的发展，都能达到痊愈的作用，一般急性乙肝，而主要是转氨酶升高，部分的患者经过一个月治疗之后病情都会有所好转，三个月或到半年之后指标都能基本正常。3、急性乙肝的治疗非常的重要，前期没有选择正确的治疗方法，就会转为慢性的乙肝，治疗就会比较困难。乙肝患者要注意养成良好的生活习惯，不能过度疲劳，要注意劳逸结合，合理安排日常的休息时间，注意饮食方面的调理，以清淡食物为主，做到这些基本都能帮助患者恢复健康。我们知道乙肝是一种很常见而且发病率很高的疾病，主要是生活当中存在的不良生活习惯和误区而引起的，一旦发生这种疾病就会给病人的身心受到严重的摧残和打击，而且还会影响到病人的生活和工作。大家在平时生活里一定要养成良好的生活习惯，要有合理的作息时间安排，还要有科学正确的饮食方式。 |
得无菌性前列腺炎是什么原因？无菌性前列腺炎也是前列腺炎的一种类型，大部分是由于支原体或衣原体感染导致的。其症状和其它前列腺炎的症状也差不多，可能会出现尿后滴白，排尿无力，尿线变细，下腹部坠痛，阴囊坠痛，阳痿早泄等症状。如果出现卵磷脂小体减少，白细胞却不是很多，可以选择大环内酯类的药物消炎治疗，比如说可以用阿奇霉素。慢性前列腺炎是男性比较高发的一种疾病，主要见于青春期男性。慢性前列腺炎，一般分为细菌性前列腺炎和非细菌性前列腺炎。目前认为主要的病因是由于性生活过度，自慰过度，久坐，进食辛辣食物和饮酒，脚底着凉等原因都可以造成。主要的临床表现是尿频，尿急，尿痛，尿分叉，小腹会阴部疼痛等。一般可以通过前列腺彩超和化验前列腺液确诊。有一种慢性前列腺炎是无菌性的，叫慢性无菌性前列腺炎。这种前列腺炎往往白细胞不高，但卵磷脂小体会有所下降，要做细菌培养也查不出什么细菌感染了。这种叫慢性无菌性前列腺炎，往往都是久坐，喝酒比较多，生活方式不对的。一种疾病的要紧是指它会导致性命的问题，还有一种是指它会对患者的生活质量造成比较大的影响。慢性前列腺炎不会导致病人生命的终结，也不会导致非常重大的器官功能障碍，但是慢性前列腺炎的一些症状确实会严重影响患者的生活质量。一般需要通过口服药物进行治疗。所以，综上所述，一般无菌性前列腺炎的病因是长期过度的饮酒，进食辛辣食物，自慰过度或者长期没有性生活，也就是禁欲，还有脚底着凉等病因所致的疾病。这个疾病病程比较长，容易反复，需要积极的进行治疗为主要的病因是由于性生活过度，自慰过度，久坐，进食辛辣食物和饮酒，脚底着凉等原因都可以造成。，并且严格注意上述的病因。这样才能够治愈。 |
The classification of wine is based on various criteria including place of origin or appellation, vinification method and style, sweetness and vintage, and the grape variety or varieties used. Practices vary in different countries and regions of origin, and many practices have varied over time. Some classifications enjoy official protection by being part of the wine law in their country of origin, while others have been created by, for example, growers' organizations without such protection.
The term "wine"
Within the European Union, the term "wine" and its equivalents in other languages is reserved exclusively for the fermented juice of grapes.
In the United States, the term is also used for the fermented juice of any fruit or agricultural product, provided that it has an alcohol content of 7 to 24% (alcohol by volume) and is intended for non-industrial use. With the exceptions of cider, perry, and sake, such non-grape wines are to be labelled with the word "wine" qualified by a truthful description of the originating product: "honey wine", "dandelion wine", (blended) "fruit wine", etc.
Other jurisdictions have similar rules dictating the range of products qualifying as "wine".
By appellation
Historically, wines have been known by names reflecting their origin, and sometimes style: Bordeaux, Port, Rioja, Mosel and Chianti are all legally defined names reflecting the traditional wines produced in the named region. These naming conventions or "appellations" (as they are known in France) dictate not only where the grapes in a wine were grown but also which grapes went into the wine and how they were vinified. The appellation system is strongest in the European Union, but a related system, the American Viticultural Area, restricts the use of certain regional labels in America, such as Napa Valley, Santa Barbara and Willamette Valley. The AVA designations do not restrict the type of grape used.
In most of the world, wine labelled Champagne must be made from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France and fermented using a certain method, based on the international trademark agreements included in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. However, in the United States, a legal definition called semi-generic has enabled U.S. winemakers to use certain generic terms (Champagne, Hock, Sherry, etc.) if there appears next to the term the actual appellation of origin.
More recently, wine regions in countries with less stringent location protection laws such as the United States and Australia have joined with well-known European wine producing regions to sign the Napa Declaration to Protect Wine Place and Origin, commonly known as the Napa Declaration on Place. This is a "declaration of joint principles stating the importance of location to wine and the need to protect place names". The Declaration was signed in July 2005 by four United States winegrowing regions and three European Union winegrowing regions.
The signatory regions from the US were Napa Valley, Washington, Oregon and Walla Walla, while the signatory regions from the EU were: Champagne, Cognac (the commune where Cognac is produced), Douro (the region where Port wine is produced) and Jerez (the region where Sherry is produced).
The list of signatories to the agreement expanded in March 2007 when Sonoma County, Paso Robles, Chianti Classico, Tokay, Victoria, Australia and Western Australia signed the Declaration at a ceremony in Washington, DC.
Regional wine classifications
Many regional wine classifications exist as part of tradition or appellation law. The most common of these is based on vineyard sites and include the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, though some regions classify their wines based on the style like the German wine classification system. Vineyard classification has a long history dating from some early examples in Jurançon in the 14th century, in 1644 when the council of Würzburg ranked the city's vineyards by quality, and the early five-level designation of vineyards based on quality in Tokaj-Hegyalja in 1700.
Other well known classifications include:
Classification of Saint-Émilion wine of Bordeaux
Classification of Graves wine of Bordeaux
Cru Bourgeois of Bordeaux (Médoc)
Classified estates of Provence
The follow regions are classified by vineyards, not estate.
Grand cru of Burgundy and Alsace
By vinification methods and style
Wines may be classified by vinification methods. These include classifications such as red or white wine, sparkling, semi-sparkling or still, fortified and dessert wines. The colour of wine is not determined by the juice of the grape, which is almost always clear, but rather by the presence or absence of the grape skin during fermentation. Grapes with coloured juice, for example alicante bouschet, are known as teinturier. Red wine is made from red (or black) grapes, but its red colour is bestowed by a process called maceration, whereby the skin is left in contact with the juice during fermentation. White wine can be made from any colour of grape as the skin is separated from the juice during fermentation. A white wine made from a very dark grape may appear pink or 'blush'. A form of Rosé is called Blanc de Noirs where the juice of red grapes is allowed contact with the skins for a very short time (usually only a couple of hours).
Sparkling and still wines
Sparkling wines such as champagne, contain carbon dioxide which is produced naturally from fermentation or force-injected later. To have this effect, the wine is fermented twice, once in an open container to allow the carbon dioxide to escape into the air, and a second time in a sealed container where the gas is caught and remains in the wine. Sparkling wines that gain their carbonation from the traditional method of bottle fermentation are labelled "bottle fermented", "méthode traditionelle", or "méthode champenoise". The latter designation was outlawed for all wines other than champagne (which for obvious reasons does not bother to utilize it) in Europe in 1994.
Other terms for sparkling wine in other languages include Sekt or Schaumwein (Germany), cava (Spain), spumante (Italy) and espumante (Portugal). Semi-sparkling wines are sparkling wines that contain less than 2.5 atmospheres of carbon dioxide at sea level and 20 °C. Some countries such as the UK impose a higher tax on fully sparkling wines. Examples of semi-sparkling synonym terms are frizzante in Italy, vino de aguja in Spain, and pétillant in France. In most countries except the United States, champagne is legally defined as sparkling wine originating from the Champagne wine region in France, especially the city of Reims and the town of Épernay.
Still wines are wines that have not gone through the sparkling wine method and have no effervescence.
Dessert and fortified wine
Dessert wines range from slightly sweet (with less than 50 g/L of sugar) to incredibly sweet wines (with over 400 g/L of sugar). Late harvest wines such as Spätlese are made from grapes harvested well after they have reached maximum ripeness. Dried grape wines, such as Recioto and Vin Santo from Italy, are made from grapes that have been partially raisined after harvesting. Botrytized wines are made from grapes infected by the mold Botrytis cinerea or noble rot. These include Sauternes from Bordeaux, numerous wines from Loire such as Bonnezeaux and Quarts de Chaume, Tokaji Aszú from Hungary, and Beerenauslese. Ice Wine is made from grapes that are harvested while they are frozen. Fortified wines are often sweeter, and generally more alcoholic wines that have had their fermentation process stopped by the addition of a spirit, such as brandy, or have had additional spirit added after fermentation. Examples include Port, Madeira and Sherry.
Other styles
Table wines are inexpensive wines that often do not specify the grape variety used or the region of origin. Some equivalent terms for "table wine" in other languages are "vin de table" (French), "vino da tavola" (Italian), "Tafelwein" (German), and "vino de mesa" (Spanish).
Cooking wine or cooking sherry usually refers to inexpensive grape wine (or rice wine in Chinese and other East Asian cuisine) which is intended for use as an ingredient in food rather than as a beverage. Cooking wine typically available in North America is treated with salt to allow its sale in non-licensed grocery stores. This also acts as a preservative, as the salt in cooking wine inhibits the growth of the microorganisms that produce acetic acid. This will preserve a bottle of cooking wine, which may be opened and used occasionally over a long period of time.
In other countries sherry wine is used for cooking. Fortified wines resist spoilage, as their alcohol content is too high to permit bacterial growth.
By vintage or variety
A vintage wine is one made from grapes that were all, or mostly, grown in a single specified year, and are accordingly dated as such. Consequently, it is not uncommon for wine enthusiasts and traders to save bottles of an especially good vintage wine for future consumption. However, there is some disagreement and research about the significance of vintage year to wine quality. Most countries allow a vintage wine to include a portion of wine that is not from the labeled vintage.
A varietal wine is wine made from a dominant grape such as a Chardonnay or a Cabernet Sauvignon and labeled by the name of the grape variety. The wine may not be entirely of that one grape and varietal labeling laws differ. In the United States a wine needs to be composed of at least 75% of a particular grape to be labeled as a varietal wine. In the European Union, a minimum of 85% is required if the name of a single variety is displayed, and if two or more varieties are mentioned, they combined must make up 100% and they must be listed in descending order. E.g., a mixture of 70% Chardonnay and 30% Viognier must be called Chardonnay-Viognier rather than Viognier-Chardonnay.
See also
Classification of Champagne vineyards
Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855
ISWN (International Standard Wine Number)
Langton's Classification of Australian Wine
Protected designation of origin
Quinta classification of Port vineyards in the Douro
References
European Union food law |
"Promise" is a song by Romeo Santos, featuring Usher, from Santos' debut studio album Fórmula, Vol. 1 (2011). The track was co-written and produced by Rico Love. It was released as the album's second single in Latin America and the United States.
The song combines elements of bachata and R&B and peaked atop the Billboards Latin Songs chart, becoming the second consecutive number-one song in the chart for Santos and the first for Usher. It is recognized as one of Romeo Santos's signature songs. The music video for "Promise" was directed by Anthony Mandler, who previously worked with Rihanna, Jay Z and Kanye West.
Background
After the temporary separation of the band, Aventura, Romeo Santos signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment and recorded his debut studio album, Formula, Vol. 1, which includes most of the tracks in bachata rhythm and bilingual songs such as the lead single "You", which peaked at number-one in the Billboard Latin Songs, and "Promise", with vocals by American singer Usher. The collaboration came through because Santos' manager Johnny Marines introduced Usher to Santos. Usher was impressed by Santos ability to perform after seeing him on YouTube, saying: "This is the thing that people will remember". "Promise" was co-written and produced by Rico Love and features Usher singing on bachata rhythm for the first time. According to Carlos Quintana of About.com the song and the rest of the tracks included on Formula, Vol. 1 may be classified as Latin urban contemporary with R&B and hip hop influences. The track was named "fluttering" by Mikael Wood of Entertainment Weekly on his review of the parent album.
Music video
The music video for "Promise" was directed by Anthony Mandler who worked previously with Jay Z, Kanye West and Rihanna. Usher and Santos spent 24 hours on set, with a highly specialized a scenic setting, full lights, cameras and special effects. The video shows both performers singing to their love partners about the love they feel for them and asked them to promise to never leave them without their love. Upon release the video has had a heavy rotation on MTV reaching the top of the most-played list, even with Santos performing in Spanish language, something noted by Ruben Leyva, Sony U.S. Latin president, commenting that Santos has been "able to do what other artists have been able to do-reach a dominant-English-speaking audience-only by singing in Spanish".
Live performances
The song was performed by Santos and Usher for the first time in the Latin Grammy Awards of 2011 on November 11, 2011 in Las Vegas, and received a standing ovation.
Chart performance
"Promise" was released as the second single from Fórmula, Vol. 1 to airplay and digital download on September 2, 2011. The song was the highest debut at the Billboard Latin Songs chart on the week of September 24, 2011 at number 24, climbing to the top ten the following week. The song reached the top of the chart the week of October 29, 2011 replacing Ricardo Arjona's "El Amor". "Promise" became the second number-one single for Santos in the chart, following the seven-week reign of his previous single "You". The song is also the first number-one in the chart for Usher surpassing his highest-placement in the chart with "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" which peaked at number 16 in 2010. According to Nielsen SoundScan the track has sold 49,000 digital downloads in the United States.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Certifications
Track listing and Digital Download Formats
Original Version
"Promise" – 4:13
English Version
"Promise (English Version)" – 4:13
See also
List of number-one Billboard Hot Latin Pop Airplay of 2011
List of number-one Billboard Hot Tropical Songs of 2011
List of number-one Billboard Top Latin Songs of 2011
List of Billboard number-one Latin songs of 2012
References
2011 singles
Romeo Santos songs
Usher (musician) songs
Macaronic songs
Spanglish songs
Music videos directed by Anthony Mandler
Songs written by Pierre Medor
Songs written by Rico Love
Songs written by Romeo Santos
Song recordings produced by Rico Love
Sony Music Latin singles
Contemporary R&B ballads |
肺结核钙化是什么意思？做肺部的影像学检查，比如胸片或者胸部的CT，报告上有可能会出现肺部的钙化灶。肺结核钙化是指人体的免疫功能将入侵的结核菌通过细胞免疫完全的杀死清除，留下的这个病灶叫做钙化灶。因此肺部出现钙化病灶，提示肺结核病灶，本身已经完全好转吸收，结核菌已经被人体清除，这是肺结核痊愈的一个标志。肺结核钙化是什么意思?钙化，是指人体的某种组织在一些因素的作用下发生坏死，进而体内的钙盐沉积于坏死灶内，使病灶局限而趋于稳定的过程，它是机体对病变一种防御性反应，有利于坏死灶的清除和炎症的消退。结核钙化是肺部炎性治疗以后留下的高密度影，临床上一般就是钙化证实肺结核已经治愈，也可以说既往曾经患有肺结核，机体自愈，目前病情是稳定的状态。在抗结核药物治疗问世以前，肺结核的病理转归一般是十分缓慢的，反复多次病情的恶化，可能会造成肺实质的进行性的破坏。在采取抗结核治疗以后，渗出性的病变可以完全吸收，或者仅仅留下一些纤维条索病变，一些增生病变或者是干酪样病变，在抗结核治疗以后，也可以逐渐的缩小，并且逐渐的纤维化;经抗结核治疗以后，干酪样病变中大量的结核杆菌被杀灭，病变逐渐的缩小、吸收，或者形成肺结核钙化灶，肺结核钙化灶的形成，说明病变恢复是非常理想的，是一种稳定的状态，不需要特殊处理。肺结核钙化病人可以在生活中吃点糙米饭，而且病人一般不仅仅需要影像学的检查，需要进一步查痰检结果而定。自己不要乱吃药的。对于这类疾病建议大家严格的按照医生介绍的操作，这样才有利于患者身体的恢复的。 |
張建勳（），字季端，号愉谷，广西临桂人，清末状元、官员。
生平
张建勋出身书香门第，光绪十五年（1889年）考中己丑科一甲第一名进士（状元），授翰林院修撰。光绪二十年（1894年），任云南乡试主考官，历任云南学政，官至黑龙江提学使。民国二年（1913年）卒于北京。
成就
张建勋工诗文，擅书法，著有《愉谷诗稿》。
参考资料
Jian
臨桂人
广西狀元
清朝狀元
清朝翰林院修撰
清朝雲南學政
清朝黑龙江提学使 |
容祖兒 Perfect 10 黃金十年演唱會（英語：Joey Yung Perfect 10 Live 2009），是香港女歌手容祖兒首次於香港文化中心舉行的個人售票演唱會，亦是其入行十週年紀念演唱會。主辦機構為英皇娛樂，主題贊助為英皇鐘錶珠寶。
背景
1995年，容祖兒於香港文化中心大劇院舉辦的「Big Echo卡拉OK大賽」中贏得金獎及唱片公司合約而入行。適逢出道十週年，她特意選擇這個對她而言意義重大的場館來與歌迷慶祝，她亦以當年的參賽歌曲〈一首獨唱的歌〉（原唱：關淑怡）來為個唱揭開序幕。
發售
演唱會票價分別為港幣$580及$380，門票在2009年9月3日於城市電腦售票網公開發售。
場次
表演曲目
Act 1
一首獨唱的歌
未知
逃避你
抱抱
習慣失戀
第一次我想醉
歌姬
忘憂草
Mad About You
沙堡壘
朱古力萬歲
世上只有
最後一課
我的驕傲
Be True
Act 2
Medley
你說得對
今年新款
扮了解
暖光
心花怒放
跑步機上
逃
隆重登場
越唱越強
痛愛
可歌可泣
最好時光
華麗邂逅
16號愛人
Encore
心淡（夜場與Twins合唱）
影音產品
是次演出的影音產品於同年12月推出，除收錄上述表演曲目外，更特別訪問了容的好友及事業上的夥伴，如第一位經理人 Apple、現任經理人 Mani、前公司高層李進、音樂監製王雙駿、伍樂城、舒文、歌手朋友張敬軒、何韻詩、Twins 等，輯錄成音樂特輯《Perfect 10 Documentary》，講述其入行經過及台下生活點滴。
推出版本
平裝版 (3DVD)
精裝版 (2CD+3DVD)
藍光版 (Blu-ray)
限量珍藏版 (24K Gold 2CD)
重新發行版 (2CD)
所獲獎項
IFPI香港唱片銷量大獎2009——最暢銷本地現場錄製音像
收錄曲目
參考資料
容祖兒演唱會
2009年香港 |
The Wyant-Talbot House is located on Clark Avenue in the village of Cornwall on Hudson, New York. It is a Registered Historic Place, built around 1870 in the Queen Anne style by L.N. Wyant, a local merchant. Talbot owned a store in the village, and by 1891, most of Clark Avenue. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
Little is known about Mr. Leonard N. Wyant; in April 1880 he was elected an elder of the Cornwall Presbyterian Church.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses in Orange County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, New York
Cornwall, New York |
Burghfield Brook is a small stream in southern England. It rises in Wokefield Common between the Berkshire villages of Mortimer and Burghfield Common. It is a tributary of Foudry Brook, which it joins near Hartley Court Farm, just to the south of the M4 motorway.
Route
Burghfield Brook rises from a series of springs on Wokefield Common, near the end of Bunces Lane. The emergent brook heads eastwards along the northern edge of Wokefield Common, passing through two small lakes and into a small valley called Burghfield Slade, to reach a reservoir of water to the south of Auclum Copse. The brook marks the border between Burghfield to the north and Wokefield to the south. A second source issues from the ground to the south-west of the springs, and flows eastwards across the common to Pullen's Pond, a small fish pond. On the edge of the heathland area it briefly disappears to re-emerge at the edge of Burghfield Slade, and empties into the reservoir. A third brook rises on Auclum Copse and flows southwards to reach the reservoir. of Wokefield Common are managed as a nature reserve by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust, where the woodland is regularly thinned to preserve the heathland environment. Pullen's Pond and Dragonfly Pond provide habitat for a number of dragonfly and damselfly species.
The outflow from the reservoir passes under Man's Hill, after which there is a sluice, with Culverlands Farm on its northern bank and Goddards Green to the south. It turns to the north-east, and at James's Farm in Grazeley Green it is joined by Lockram Brook, which has run parallel to Burghfield Brook for most of its length, but a little further to the south. It continues to act as the parish boundary as it turns to the north, until it reaches James's Lane and the southern edge of the Atomic Weapons Establishment, Burghfield. It used to continue in a large curve, passing Saunderscourt Farm, where the parish boundary ceased to follow the brook, before turning to the east to reach the junction between Rider's Lane, Burnthouse Lane and Fuller's Lane. The bridge was called Gravelly Bridge in 1877, but had become Burnthouse Bridge by 1899.
In 1938 the Ministry of Defence requisitioned of farmland from the Burghfield Place Farm Estate, on which to build a Royal Ordnance Factory. ROF Burghfield was a filling factory, used for the storage and deployment of armaments, and was served by a siding from the Reading to Basingstoke railway. In 1954, the site changed hands, becoming part of the Atomic Weapons Establishment, and was responsible for the assembly of Blue Steel nuclear missiles, which became operational in 1961. The site still assembles, maintains and decommissions Britain's nuclear weapons. At some point, prior to 1972, the brook was diverted along the southern boundary of ROF Burghfield, and then follows its eastern boundary to rejoin the original course at Burnthouse Bridge. The precise date when the brook was diverted is not easy to ascertain, for maps prior to 1972 show the pre-1938 layout, as if the factory did not exist. From the bridge it heads eastwards, passing under the Reading to Basingstoke railway embankment, where it is joined by a tributary, which rises near the Wokefield Park conference and training centre. Beyond the junction, it heads northwards, is joined by The Teg on its left bank, a tributary which has flowed northwards and then eastwards from Burghfield, passing to the north of ROF Burghfield, and joins Foudry Brook immediately after passing under Kybes Lane.
The watercourse near James's Farm is particularly liable to flooding and has been the subject of discussion at West Berkshire Council meetings.
Water Quality
The Environment Agency measure water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.
The water quality of the Burghfield Brook was as follows in 2019.
The main reason for the water quality being less than good is that the brook is affected by discharges from industry.
Bibliography
References
Rivers of Berkshire
2Burghfield |
《黑蘭花》（）是一部於1959年上映的美國劇情片。電影由，並由索非娅·罗兰和安東尼·奎恩主演。
劇情
蘿絲·比安科是一名為著名黑幫守寡的的花店店員，與鰥夫弗蘭克·瓦倫特尋找幸福。蘿絲正在對付兒子拉爾夫，他在為問題男孩設置的農場工作，儘管拉爾夫被警告如果他再逃跑，他會被送去工读学校。
弗蘭克有一個長大且唯一的女兒瑪麗為他打點一切。來寶和瑪麗彼此相愛並訂婚，但瑪麗拒絕與他結婚，因為她擔心沒人會照顧她的父親。她要求來寶可以跟娶她，但要與她一起待在父親的房子裡，但是來寶的公司在大西洋城，所以他希望在通勤路途附近購買一所房子。然而與此同時，她拒絕接受蘿絲成為繼母，並允許她成為家庭一份子。弗蘭克結婚之前那天，瑪麗熨燙弗蘭克的衣服，煮所有食物，將自己鎖在房間裡。由於弗蘭克的妻子在瑪麗出生後患有嚴重的抑鬱症和精神疾病，弗蘭克擔心女兒繼承了已故妻子的精神疾病。這讓蘿絲和弗蘭克取消了一切，這對他們倆都造成毀滅性的後果。
與此同時，蘿絲帶弗蘭克去兒子拉爾夫工作的農場探望他。他們達成協議，弗蘭克和蘿絲結婚時不再監護拉爾夫。當他發現婚禮已取消，並且自己無法離開時，他逃離了工作農場，讓警察滿屋子找他。第二天，來寶來了，看到弗蘭克在椅子上睡覺；瑪麗仍然將自己反鎖在樓上。他請求她出來，但沒有任何回應。這兩個男人同意唯一的希望就是祈禱。來寶決定將弗蘭克送到蘿絲的家，並在教堂裡等他。弗蘭克發現蘿絲正在電話旁等待有關拉爾夫的信息，並透露了他夾在她和女兒之間所遭受的痛苦。
弗蘭克離開並教堂與來寶匯合，蘿絲則前往弗蘭克的房子去面對瑪麗。她的兒子來到教堂，希望被他們送去工讀學校前最後一次見一見母親。弗蘭克和來寶將他帶回農場，並與寄宿經理哈蒙先生達成共識。另一方面，瑪麗以為屋子裡就只有她一個人，並開了門走出了房間。在那兒，她遇到了蘿絲，瑪麗決定設法幫助弗蘭克找到幸福，即便如此也不是與蘿絲。蘿絲與瑪麗爭辯自己的觀點，使她了解自己對父親的愛，最後瑪麗接受了她，要求她留下來喝咖啡。弗蘭克、蘿絲、來寶和瑪麗一起吃早餐。最後，蘿絲和弗蘭克將拉爾夫帶離了工作農場，三人愉快地走向了地平線。
角色表
索非娅·罗兰 飾 蘿絲·比安科
安東尼·奎恩 飾 弗蘭克·瓦倫特
飾 來寶
弗吉尼亞·文森特 飾 阿爾瑪·加洛
飾 亨利·加洛
吉米·拜爾德 飾 拉爾夫·比安科
飾 朱利亞·加洛
飾 哈蒙先生
飾 瑪麗·瓦倫特
參考資料
外部鏈接
1950年代劇情片
1950年代美国黑白电影
美國劇情片
英语电影
派拉蒙影業電影
1959年美國電影作品 |
Goin' All the Way! is a 1982 American sex comedy directed by Robert Freeman. It was made in 1982.
Premise
A man wants to lose his virginity.
Cast
Deborah Van Ryn
Dan Waldman
Reception
The film made $3.5 million.
One critic called it "abysmal".
References
External links
Goin all the Way at IMDb
Goin all the Way at TCMDB
Goin all the Way at BFI
Goin' all the Way at Letterbox DVD
1982 films
American sex comedy films
1980s American films
1982 comedy films |
凯撒-威廉-科格（德语：，意为“威廉皇帝圩田”）是德国石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因州的一个市镇。总面积13.06平方公里，总人口389人，其中男性199人，女性190人（2011年12月31日），人口密度30人/平方公里。
参见
石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因州市镇列表
参考
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州市镇 |
昔萘酸沙美特罗气雾剂药物相作用？患可逆性阻塞性气道疾病的病人，除非迫不得己，应避免使用选择性及非选择性-阻滞剂。由于在吸入剂量下达到的血浆浓度非常低，所以临床显著意义的药物相互作用不可能出现。在同时使用已知的强效CYP3A4抑制剂时(如迭康唑和ritonavir)，应注意由于使用丙酸氟替卡松造成系统暴露增加的可能性。 |
Hyflux Ltd (Hyflux) was a sustainable products and research company listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX).
The company was founded in 1989 by Olivia Lum, Group CEO, President and Managing Director.
In 2006, the company was given the 'Water Company of the Year' award, at the 'Global Water Awards', by the Global Water Intelligence, UK.
The company was placed under judicial management (JM) on 19 November 2020 by the Singapore Courts due to excessive debts. Control of the company's operation has been transferred to the appointed judicial managers Hamish Alexander Christie and Patrick Bance of Borrelli Walsh. The company has been approved to wind up on 21 July 2021.
History
The company started initially as Hydrochem (S) Pte Ltd in 1989 with a start-up capital of S$20,000 and three staff, selling water treatment systems.
By January 2001, Hyflux had become the first water treatment company to be listed on SESDAQ, and was upgraded to the Singapore Exchange's Mainboard in April 2003.
In 2008, the group had net profits of S$59 million. In 2016, the group had net profits of S$3.8 million.
On 21 May 2018, the company suspended its shares and applied for court supervision to reorganise liabilities and businesses the next day.
On 19 October 2018, conglomerate Salim Group and energy giant Medco Group agreed to offer Hyflux a S$400 million equity injection, in exchange for a 60 per cent stake in the company once it has settled all its debts.
On 4 June 2021, judicial managers filed an application with Singapore's court to wind up the company after failed negotiations with an investor.
On 21 July 2021, Singapore's high court has approved for Hyflux to wind up and be liquidated with its judicial managers being its liquidators.
On 17 November 2022, ex-CEO Olivia Lum, ex-CFO Cho Wee Peng and four other former board members were charged with violations of Singapore's Securities and Futures Act.
On 12 March 2023 former independent director Lee Joo Hai, who had left Singapore, was arrested in Malaysia in a joint operation with the Royal Malaysia Police. He was subsequently charged on one count of violating the Securities and Futures Act. Lee faces a potential jail term of up to seven years, a fine of up to S$250,000, or both.
On 5 May 2023, Singapore's State Court added three additional charges against Olivia Lum, citing violations of the Companies Act related to an allegation that she failed to exercise diligence in the discharge of her duties as a director. Lum faces a potential jail term of up to two years, a maximum fine of S$150,000, or both.
References
Singaporean brands
Singaporean companies established in 1989
Technology companies established in 1989
Singaporean companies disestablished in 2021
2021 disestablishments in Singapore |
Events from the year 1958 in Sweden
Incumbents
Monarch – Gustaf VI Adolf
Prime Minister – Tage Erlander
Events
8-29 June – The 1958 FIFA World Cup is played in Sweden. Brazil defeats Sweden, 5–2, in the final game at Råsunda Stadium in Solna.
11 December – The first indoor ice hockey venue in Sweden, Rosenlundshallen in Jönköping, is inaugurated.
Births
23 March – Bengt-Åke Gustafsson, ice hockey player and coach.
16 August – Steve Sem-Sandberg, novelist.
14 February – Birgitta Lillpers, poet.
Deaths
11 September – Arvid Holmberg, gymnast (born 1886).
23 September – Elisabeth Tamm, politician
11 November – Helge Bäckander, gymnast (born 1891).
Anna Lisa Andersson, reporter (born 1873)
See also
1958 in Swedish television
References
External links
Sweden
Years of the 20th century in Sweden |
阿伊努茅希利（Aynu-mosir）是在阿伊努語裡有著「人類的居住之地」的意思之詞彙。
本來這個詞並沒有指稱特定的地區，但現在有用來指北海道、庫頁島、千島群島等自古以來阿伊努人居住地的地區。
有相對應的詞彙「卡姆伊茅希利」（Kamuy-mosir/），意为“神的居住之地”。
傳說裡的阿伊努茅希利
在阿伊努人自古以來所傳承的神話（阿伊努阿克爾）中，有相傳著關於阿伊努茅希利的逐漸創造的情形：
「在什麼東西都還不存在於這個地上的時候，諸神聚集起來，為了創造人們的和諧大地「阿伊努茅希利」而討論著。被稱為茅希利·卡拉·卡姆伊（Mosir-kar-kamuy/，大地·創造·神）的男神、被稱為伊卡·卡拉·卡姆伊（Ika-kar-kamuy/，花·創造·神）的女神分別為了創造大地而降臨。
這兩位神是雷艾普·卡姆伊（Reyep-kamuy/，犬神）與歌坦·可樂·卡姆伊（Kotan-kor-kamuy/，梟神），祂們一同創造了阿伊努茅希利。在茅希利·卡拉·卡姆伊創造了山、原野和河川等物，伊卡·卡拉·卡姆伊創造了樹木與美麗的花草等物之後，祂們這次使用了黏土造出了熊和兔子等等的動物們。在最後，兩神創造了與彼此相似的男人及女人。
結束了阿伊努茅希利的創造後，其他諸神造訪了高山之上的廣大平原（sinot-mintar/），看見整個做成的的阿伊努茅希利而相當高興。
阿伊努（人類）最初住在洞窟中，不久之後與在sinot-mintar/顯現身形的諸神們交流，而諸神傳授了舞蹈、歌曲和語言。不久阿伊努模仿了神的生活而在地上建造了家，並能使用火與工具。」
地名
母子里 - 幌加内町
茂尻 - 赤平市
阿伊努語
北海道文化 |
马口（）是马来西亚森美兰州仁保县的一个主要市镇。
历史
现今的马口地区历史上曾存在着一条长约500米的“搬运道”（），连接麻河和斯汀河，是当时商人来往马来半岛东西海岸时的水上道路。两条河并没有真正的衔接处，仅隔着约500米的陆地，因此商人到达这里必须拉扯小船经过搬运道再从另一条河下水。后来随着陆路交通的开发，这条搬运道就慢慢地被人遗忘，消失在历史长河中。
马口的名称由来有几种说法。第一是马口刚开发时，原始森林及沼泽产生的瘴气使到很多人病倒了。开拓着大部分是客家人，见面时都问“您好末”，大部分回答“未好”（芒豪），发音和Bahau相似。其二是马口附近都是橡胶园丘，作为主要交通点的火车站附近被称为“芭口”，粤语意为园丘之门口，后来演变成“马口”。在马来社会的说法指出，一次河流淹水时，一华裔不幸调入水中，马来人前来救援，一个在岸上喊“Pak”，一个在水里回应“Hoo”，后来演变成Bahau。
人口
根据2010年马来西亚人口普查，马口人口约7,181人（不包括郊区）。
交通
公路
号公路和号公路在马口交汇。北部可到淡马鲁，南部可到金马士。可到瓜拉庇劳。
铁路
马口站是马来亚铁道城际铁路东海岸线的一个主要火车站。北部可到道北，南部可到金马士。
巴士
由森美兰州政府推行的仁保县免费巴士服务，2023年6月1日起重新运营，每天提供20个班次。该路线由玛拉巴士公司运营（MARA Liner），覆盖斯里仁保市镇至马口潘吉花园，全长24.8公里。该路线设有两辆巴士，每辆巴士可容纳30名乘客。免费巴士服务时间为每天早上6时30分至晚上7时30分。巴士路线由马口潘吉花园（Taman Tunku Puan Chik）出发、卫星市花园（Taman Satelit）、苏南花园（Taman Sornam）、益美花园（Taman ACBE）、嘉乐商业区大路（Kiara Square）、马口市中心（Bandar Bahau）、马口公共巴士站（Stesen Bas Bahau）、公主城花园（Taman Desa Puteri）、马口花园（Taman Bahau）、太子城花园（Taman Kasih Putera）、仁保市议会（Majlis Perbandaran Jempol）、斯汀玛拉初级理科学院（MRSM Serting）、仁保医院（Hospital Jempol）及斯里仁保公共巴士站（Terminal Bas Bandar Seri Jempol）等地点。芙蓉“我的巴士”（myBAS）T10A和T10B路从芙蓉第一终站至马口巴士站。
教育
马口共有4所华文小学，分别是启文华小、马口华小、美丽顿华小、马身新村华小。此外，启文国民型华文中学则是当地唯一的华文中学，多数就读上述华文小学的学生都会在中学时于此所中学就读。
参考资料
外部链接
仁保县
马来西亚市镇 |
外阴炎怎么治疗及症状？慢性外阴炎是女性疾病比较常见的一种，会给患者带来很大痛苦，这样的病症病期长，而且治疗缓慢，所以要很长时间才能治愈，因此，女性在有病症时，一定要及时去治疗，避免病情恶化。那慢性外阴炎如何治疗？一、现在慢性外阴炎的治疗方法是选用抗生素，再配合着外用的药膏一起进行治疗。在治疗过程中，一定要针对疾病的致病菌进行治疗。乱用药会对不能够达到治疗效果，还会引起其他的疾病。二、在治疗霉菌性的外阴炎时，要配合小苏打液进行清洗，如果是治疗滴虫性外阴炎，是需要用一些弱酸性冲洗液进行治疗。有一些复合制剂，可以适用各种阴道炎症。三、日常外用洗液不可多用，在医学上，日常冲洗用晾凉的开水就行了。必要的时候，可以加一些醋，不需要用特殊洗液，洗液会破坏阴道内的细菌环境，容易造成阴道感染。四、出现外阴炎症时，要注意日常的护理和卫生状况，避免造成二次感染，出现别的阴部疾病。慢性外阴炎的症状出现外阴炎时，会有一些症状表现。在出现症状时，要到医院进行检查，看看是什么导致，然后再进行治疗。一般慢性炎症药对症治疗才能够痊愈，如果随便用药的话，会延长治疗的周期。一、慢性外阴炎主要表现是外阴出现骚痒症状，外阴皮肤增厚，粗糙皲裂的情况。有时，在排尿的时候，也会出现疼痛症状。过性生活时，也会有一些性交的疼痛。二、外阴的一些皮肤会出现充血、红肿，还会有溃烂的现象，也会呈现成片的水泡，湿疹和丘疹。如果痒，抓挠的话，就会出现溃破的现象。三、阴道内也会分泌一些脓性的分泌物，分泌物稠现出黄色。这个时候，就需要及时到医院进行治疗。一般阴道炎出现的情况会比较长，如果长时间不进行治疗的话，就会转化成别的疾病，甚至会有更严重的极品不容易治疗，这样会使生命健康受到威胁，还要积极地配合医生治疗，不能因为稍微有好转就停止用药，或者是不听从医生的指示，阴道炎会反复发作，增加痛苦。 |
Longitarsus nigerrimus (also known as bladderwort flea-beetle) is a greenish-black coloured species of beetle in the tribe Alticini that can be found in European countries such Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland, Benelux, Yugoslavian states (except for Macedonia), Baltic states, Scandinavia, and in Eastern Europe (Belarus and Ukraine). It can also be found in North Russia, specifically in Siberia and east to Amur.
Ecology
The species emerge in midsummer to mate and lay eggs. After they lay their eggs they die, living their young to feed on such plants as Utricularia minor and other Utricularia species. They feed on them till adulthood, and then go to overwinter. They grow up to long, with females being the largest.
Habitat
They overwinter in Sphagnum moss, which can be found wet boggy areas.
Behavior
This type of species can swim, which is rarity for its kind. When the moss goes underwater they use their front legs for breaststroke like movements to stay afloat. However, they cannot do this when they are underwater.
References
Longitarsus
Beetles described in 1827
Beetles of Europe
Taxa named by Leonard Gyllenhaal |
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