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跖疣疣体是什么样子?在人们患上跖疣期间,对于跖疣的具体表现症状就需要多加了解,那么跖疣疣体是什么样子呢?怎么治疗呢跖疣是发生在足底部的寻常疣。多由人类乳头瘤病毒感染引起,与压迫、摩擦、外伤、多汗有关。早期可自觉疼痛,也可无任何症状;皮损为圆形乳头状角质增生,周围绕以增厚的角质环。跖疣多因风邪搏于肌肤,或因怒动肝火,肝旺血燥,筋脉不荣,以致气血凝滞,加之足底部受压及摩擦,而发生皮疹。1、选择激光手术进行治疗如果患者出现急性跖疣,明显会感觉皮肤上面会有瘙痒或者不适的情况。跖疣呈现出菜花状,并且表面还会出现不规则增厚的情况。当患者轻轻地用手去按压跖疣,还会觉得有一些疼痛感,想要快速的治疗跖疣,可以选择用激光手术进行消除,这样可以快速的把跖疣切掉。医生会根据患者跖疣的轻重缓解,选择治疗方案,一般情况下不是特别严重的时候,并不需要激光治疗。2、冷冻外用药跖疣常常都是出现在人们的脚底,有些患者也曾经出现过手部长跖疣的情况。有些患者多发生在脚后跟以及两脚指之间,跖疣这种疾病多数都是因为人类乳头细菌导致,属于寻常疣中的一种。患者也可以通过到医院冷冻的方式进行治疗,搭配涂抹一些去处人类乳头细菌的药膏,效果会更加的好一些。患者可以采用涂药的方式进行治疗,在康复的后三天继续巩固坚持涂抹药膏。平时一定要注意不要抓破伤口,因为跖疣很可能会因为患病部位被抓破,出现及发行感染或者增多的情况。平时一定要记得保持皮肤的干净,每天坚持多用一些温热水泡泡脚。在饮食方面就需要多吃一些含有丰富维生素群的蔬菜,这样可以更好的增强免疫力,使跖疣更快的消失,心态也要保持乐观积极向上多数疣患者在发病后1~2年内能自行消退,因此对疣的各种局部治疗的疗效评价应特别慎重,对一些能造成永久性瘢痕的疗法不宜使用。
皮爾納廣場(Pirnaischer Platz)位在是德勒斯登內城區東側的邊緣上,與皮爾納近郊(Pirnaischen Vorstadt)接鄰。這個地點過去曾是的德勒斯登城牆中,其中一個城門的所在。 歷史 從1591年到1820年,皮爾納城門(Pirna Gate)坐落在此,作為通向皮爾納的出入口。1820年後,城牆工事拆除,於是形成了開放空間。城牆拆除後,沿著內城區開闢了環城道路,皮爾納廣場成為了重要的交通節點。 在1945年的德勒斯登轟炸中,廣場及周邊建築皆被催毀,在1970年代,曾在廣場下方建造了一條隧道,在裡面可以看到過去的城牆。但此隧道因2006年的一場火災而關閉 ,並在2010年把此隧道填平。 交通 聖彼得堡大街(St. Petersburger Straße)南北向穿越此廣場,連接通往內新城區的卡羅拉橋;Wilsdruffer Straße往西通往郵政廣場;Grunaer Straße往東通往史特拉斯堡廣場;Landhausstraße連接新市場。每天有約60,000輛車通過此廣場。 在南北和東西向各有路面電車的軌道,並與公車共同使用。此廣場共有6條輕軌和4台公車通過,是德勒斯登重要的交通節點。 参考资料 外部鏈結 皮爾納廣場 - 城市維基 德累斯顿 德勒斯登 德勒斯登廣場
Estera was a global provider of corporate, trust, fund and accounting services. The company was created following a management buyout of the fiduciary group of Appleby. It rebranded as Estera in April 2016. In February 2020 Estera merged with Ocorian. History In December 2015, "Appleby Fiduciary Business (AFB)", a Bermuda registered company and a branch of the law firm Appleby, was separated out legally from Appleby (Bermuda) through a management buy out by the private equity firm "Bridgepoint". In April 2016, it changed its name to "Estera", with the Group Chief Executive Officer being Farah Ballands. Estera employed 550 people and had offices in 11 jurisdictions: Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, United Kingdom. Gary O'Connor, the managing director of Estera Trust (Isle of Man) Limited, was shortlisted for the Institute of Directors Young Director of the Year award in September 2017. In July 2019, it was announced that Estera would be merged with Inflexion Private Equity's company Ocorian. The name of the new company was chosen based on input from staff. Estera was involved in the Paradise Papers leak. Subsequent acquisitions In 2017, Estera acquired Morgan Sharpe (in Guernsey), Heritage financial services group (in Belfast and Malta) and Headstart s.a.r.l (Luxembourg). See also Asiaciti Trust Ocorian References External links Financial services companies of Bermuda Financial services companies established in 2015 Companies formed by management buyout Paradise Papers 2015 establishments in North America
James Luin "Skip" Rutherford III (born January 28, 1950) is an American non-profit executive and academic administrator. He was the first president of the Clinton Foundation, and is the Dean of the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service, since 2006. Early life James Luin Rutherford III was born on January 28, 1950, in Memphis, Tennessee. He is the only child of James Luin Rutherford Jr (1921-2014), a banker and landowner, and his wife Kathleen Rutherford (née Roberson). Rutherford was brought up in Batesville, Arkansas, and educated at Batesville High School. Rutherford received a bachelor's degree from the University of Arkansas, where he was editor of their student newspaper, The Arkansas Traveler, in 1971–72. Career In 1992, he was a key advisor on Bill Clinton's presidential campaign. In 1997 he became the first president of the Clinton Foundation, and was still heading the board at the end of 2004, when the other directors were Senator David Pryor, Ann Jordan, Terrence McAuliffe, and Cheryl Mills. In 2006, Rutherford was chairman of the Clinton Foundation, executive vice president of Cranford Johnson Robinson Woods, a communications firm in Little Rock, and a visiting professor at the University of Central Arkansas. Rutherford was the Dean of the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service from April 2006, when he succeeded Senator David Pryor, until his retirement in 2021. Personal life Rutherford and his wife Billie have three children. References External links 1950 births Clinton Foundation people Living people People from Memphis, Tennessee University of Arkansas alumni University of Arkansas faculty
Paul McCormack (born 26 July 1963) is an Irish former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics. References External links 1963 births Living people Irish male cyclists Olympic cyclists for Ireland Cyclists at the 1988 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Dublin (city) Rás Tailteann winners
小行星47494(47494 Gerhardangl)是一颗绕太阳运转的小行星,为主小行星带小行星。该小行星于2000年1月发现。 轨道参数 小行星47494的轨道半长轴为386 677 328 km(2.5847415 UA),离心率为0.145。 参考文献 小行星带天体
The Benton Spring Fault (also known as the Bettles Well fault) is a right lateral-moving (dextral) geologic fault located in western Nevada. It is considered an integral part of the Walker Lane. References Active Faulting in the Walker Lane USGS Database Seismic faults of Nevada
董浩云航运博物馆是一座介绍中国航运历史和董浩云生平的博物馆,由董氏慈善基金会和上海交通大学于2003年共同建立,位于中国上海市上海交通大学徐汇校区新中院内。 场馆 该博物馆使用落成于1910年的新中院作为馆舍,楼高二层,为传统砖木结构外廊式建筑,原作为宿舍使用,2003年改为博物馆馆舍。建筑旁边有一座铁锚。 博物馆分上下两层,总展出面积达600平方米,以众多的模型为特色: 一层:主要介绍中国航运历史,展出有中国古代帆船模型、海图、影像资料和复制品。 二层:主要介绍董浩云生平及其下辖各船只的建造和使用历程。 参观信息 开放时间:周二至周日 13:00-17:00。 公共交通:上海轨道交通11号线交通大学站;上海轨道交通1、9号线徐家汇站。 参考文献 外部链接 董浩云航运博物馆 (英文) 董浩云航运博物馆(中文) 参见 上海交通大学 H 上海交通大学 上海市的博物馆 中国高校博物馆 2003年建立的博物馆
唭里岸(;)是臺北市北投區內的舊地名之一,聚落中心位於今日的立農里、東華里一帶。國民政府來台後,廢除來自臺灣原住民凱達格蘭族的舊地名唭里岸,改為「立農里」,以立農街貫穿整個聚落生活帶,之後隨著都市發展劃出增設東華、吉利、尊賢、立賢、吉慶等里。其中「東華」一帶還保留較原始的聚落環境、「吉利」地名則是由唭里岸的「唭里」二字發音所轉化;清代乾隆初期迄今仍被稱為北投五大角頭(村落)。 在臺北捷運淡水線唭哩岸站設站前,大多以舊庄名、大字名、北淡線舊站名唭里岸作為地名使用。 現行臺北市北投區設有唭哩岸次分區。 華康儷字型發現有一些臺灣地名用漢字有缺乏。 地名源由與意義 唭里岸(漢語拼音:Qili'an;通用拼音:Cili-an)其地名原由有三,其一當地曾為先住民凱達格蘭平埔族其里岸社之所在地(;),故沿用此名;其二為此地為昔舊淡水河,自北突出的彎曲地帶,形似一海灣,因地形而得名;其三為西班牙人佔領臺灣時,因此地地形極像菲律賓群島中的呂宋島西北海灣(Irigan),故稱此地為Irigan,後來受凱達格蘭語的影響,加上地名的接頭語Ki,遂變成「唭里岸」。 唭哩岸,1650年代荷治臺灣時期,其地名標示有五種為(Kirragenan/Kieraanganon/Kerannanna/Kernannananna/Quiranganan),為巴賽族聚落之一。如照巴賽語ki-zingan的譯音,唭哩岸是「海灣」之意。ki 為南島語族常見的地名前綴詞,表示為地名之意。而 an 是地名韻尾之後綴詞,an 的意思是「……的地方」。 唭哩岸在《淡水廳志》分別有下列記載方式「奇裏岸」(淡水廳志卷二第31頁)、「奇裏岸社」(淡水廳志卷三第81頁)、「淇裏岸」(淡水廳志卷三第112頁)。明鄭時期為防止清兵進攻,曾經遣將駐兵、招來佃農開闢農田;清雍正年間,在此開七星墩灌溉,唭哩岸成為淡水河北岸農業發祥地。 地理 唭里岸大致在石牌路以北,唭里岸山(164公尺)和烏尖連峰以南,西以北投溪磺港溪為界,鄰近牛稠內、大籬笆、土地公埔(今北投區八仙里)、石碑仔(今北投區石牌)、洲仔尾(今北投區洲美里)。日治時代前認知的唭里岸地區尚包含今日石牌(石牌山腳庄)。 日治時期的區劃唭里岸包含清末石牌唭里岸庄及磺溪庄,約含現今立農、東華、吉利、尊賢、立賢、吉慶、永明、永和、永欣等9里。 現在臺北市的唭哩岸次分區相較於日治時期的唭里岸,少了磺溪旁、臺北榮總周邊,現屬石牌次分區的永和、永欣2里。 2003年國立陽明大學興建圖資大樓,進行地質鑽探,挖出含有鹹水貝殼之唭哩岸石,證明台北盆地內曾經是鹹水湖或海域,「唭哩岸」意涵「海灣」才獲得另一個證據。 歷史 凱達格蘭平埔族 唭里岸,1650年代荷治臺灣時期,標示為Kirananna。 早期凱達格蘭平埔族人在這兒過著單純的漁獵生活。在荷蘭人侵入唭里岸時,為了供應淡水、雞籠(現基隆)一帶荷蘭軍的飲食用品,及增加稅收,極力鼓勵漢人移住本地或來此貿易。而後,在明永曆廿一年(1667年),鄭經派兵遣將把淡水一帶的荷蘭人驅離後,屯兵進駐,自此,漢人在唭里岸建廟、築屋、鋪路,對凱達格蘭平埔族人漸漸產生影響,並加速漢化。 漢人移入 漢人早在明萬曆年間就在北投出現貿易行為。1770年代,清朝治台時期,開放漢人進入台北盆地開墾農地,漢人在平埔族居住地附近落腳居住,闢土開街,形成漢人聚落。漢人自稱開墾台北是來自唭里岸,也開始使用奇里岸、其里岸...等漢字地名,後因淡水線捷運通車後統一稱為唭里岸,均指同一地區。 在兩百年前,由福建同安及漳州等地的先民渡海來台,從淡水河口進入,開發關渡、唭里岸一帶,因唭里岸的地理之勢,成為先民進入台北開墾的第一站。據《淡水廳志》記載:「淡水開墾,自奇里岸(今唭里岸)始。」由此可知,唭里岸是漢人在台北地區最早開發的地點。早在清初,此地就有條「唭里岸街」(今立農街),它是淡北最早的市街,也是當時由台北進入淡水的商旅必經要道(淡北古道),搭配船隻運行八仙圳和清水圳,加上淡水河的船隻都會在此裝卸貨物和休憩,當時唭里岸設有商店、客棧、酒家,景象繁榮。 清治時期唭哩岸打石場為重要的建材來源,沿水路往上游大漢溪或新店溪做為通路,其供應範圍可遠至新莊頭重埔、二重埔五穀王等港埠,如位於新北市三重區重新路五段408巷的台灣主婦聯盟生活消費合作社,昔日為二重埔港埠要道,也使用唭哩岸作為圍牆建材,另外台北城建城時東側城牆也使用大量唭哩岸岩做為圍牆建材,今天在台大醫院西址圍牆、國立台灣博物館南門園區小白宮等,都可以看到清治時期的使用狀態。 日治時期 在1904年所繪製的《台灣堡圖》中,唭里岸記載為「唭里岸庄」。戶政事務所登錄日治時代戶籍資料紀載為「臺北州七星郡北投街唭里岸」。 19世紀末,日本人治台,鋪設淡水線鐵路連結台北市與淡水港,1910年左右,在唭里岸山打石場旁的鐵路淡水線設置「唭里岸」站,在現今捷運淡水線石牌站與明德站間位置(詳見:1935新北投鳥瞰圖),作為運送當耐高溫的工業火爐石等的唭里岸石之用。 淡水線鐵路唭里岸站在戰後改名石牌站而湮沒。 戰後 1946年原唭里岸改制為立農、風度2里,隸屬於「臺北縣七星區北投鎮」。1947年1月改隸「臺北縣淡水區北投鎮」。1947年8月改隸「陽明山管理局北投鎮」。1952年8月風度里更名為永和里。1968年7月1日改隸「臺北市北投區」。1974年12月自立農里析出東華、尊賢、吉利3里。1981年4月自尊賢里劃出立賢里,自吉利里劃出吉慶里,自永和里劃出永明里。1990年3月12日自永和里劃出永欣里。 1970年代因設立國立陽明醫學院,廢打石場,設東華公園,鐵路淡水線停駛,唭里岸之名消失在台灣的地圖上。1997年沿舊鐵路興建的台北捷運淡水線開通後,在原鐵路王家廟車站南側500m設立捷運唭哩岸站,唭里岸之名才又出現在台灣地圖上。 1998年立農國小申請更名為唭里岸國小,因影響甚遠被駁回,其後在相關文宣上均有加註「唭哩岸學堂」字樣。 慈生宮 慈生宮在今北投區立農街一段321號,主奉五谷先帝(即神農大帝),是明朝末年福建同安、漳州、泉州等地的先民為祈求五穀豐登,於1669年興建,是北台灣廟史悠久的寺廟。1881年(光緒七年)時遷到現址,經四次改建而有今日規模。廟的山門兩旁圍牆上有四季農耕圖,和二十四節氣圖,廟埕右側還刻有巨大的古唭里岸市街圖。進入正殿,神農氏(即神農大帝)坐於正中,前有土地公、左為觀音、右為天上聖母、供桌下祀有虎爺。由於唭里岸的居民多以務農為業,慈生宮供奉都是農業社會生活需求下的神格。 軼事 文獻地名讀音不同 早期使用文字記錄該地區相當混亂,光是當地現存的石碑與歷史照片上都有不同的用字,如奇里岸、其里岸、淇里岸、居里岸、基里岸...等漢字地名,但大多是以如唭里岸作為書寫代表字,1997年台北捷運淡水線通車設站唭哩岸站後,政府慣用字才從唭里岸改為唭哩岸,有趣的是唭里岸的「唭」字讀音為「ㄑㄧ」(音同:七),與當地慣稱的「奇」讀音並不相同。 此外,台語文漢字讀音居里岸發音近似意味安居樂業的居裏安。 唭哩岸石 唭哩岸岩是台灣稱呼木山層石英砂岩的一種別稱,自古產自於唭哩岸地區;由於開採成本及運輸問題,在台灣所看的見的唭里岸岩建物並非完全產自唭里岸。 以清代台北城為例,因運輸不便而轉自內湖金面山採石場([德明科技大學]現址)取得部分石材。而日治時代興建北淡線鐵路後,唭里岸聚落的打石工業則達到了高峰,多由奇里案火車站(後改為石牌站,與今唭哩岸捷運站非屬同站)作為運輸用,由於該石材質地耐火耐高溫,耐熱溫度可達攝氏2000度,在日治時代透過鐵路運輸而在各地興建的燒窯爐多採用此石材,二戰期間日本的部分軍艦火爐亦使用此石材。迄今在臺灣大學之校牆還保留當時建造石材的原貌,可見過去榮景。 然民國六十四年,因陽明醫學院(今陽明大學)興建,政府下令於陽明大學區域禁止採石,自此該行業便漸漸沒落。 歷史建築未獲保護 今立農街一段曾保有最後一段舊唭里岸市街建築,採唭里岸石作為建材,北段曾經被稱為唭里岸老街(類似今新北市瑞芳區猴硐老街之建築群設計);後因多項當地多項開發進而全數拆除,依拆除時間序及開發名稱如下: 立農街一段323巷(原荷蘭領事館舊址,後荒廢改建巷道)、天母玫瑰(原唭里岸石打石場)、吉利良緣(市街歷史建築)、停車場(約立農街一段320巷與立農街一段交界處,原市街歷史建築,後荒廢改建停車場)、2006 安家星賞(市街歷史建築)、2010 陽明上隱(原唭里岸老街歷史建築群,其一建築因火警全毀,後建築群皆拆除整平);至陽明上隱案開工後,立農街除部分斷垣殘壁外,幾乎無任何完整歷史建物。 然後期亦有建商相中唭里岸後厝地區歷史建築群,欲進行都市更新開發。為此於2011年底迄今還發生多次抗議事件。 台北第一市街 根據《淡水廳志》等史料記載,認為淡北古道的唭里岸市街是台北第一條市街;但在市府刊物《台北畫刊》不同期數中,依開發與貿易等專題分別認為台北第一街為艋舺貴陽街、大稻埕迪化街(永樂町)、北投立農街(淡北古道唭里岸市街),為此各區皆自稱台北第一市街。 此外,唭里岸街還同時另有其他地名如:頂街、下街。立農街在立農國小以東部分稱頂街;以西部分則稱下街。 當時的唭里岸市街被譽為「九萬廿七千」,九萬意為家產上萬者有九戶,廿七千則為家產上千者有廿七家。而當國民所得來看,當時的萬元戶,約為今日的億萬富翁。 1994華視八點檔勸世媳婦故事中,將民間戲曲《周成過台灣》的故事背景被轉移到了奇里岸地區,以當時時空下的淡北古道「九萬廿七千」作為故事的起點,亦於當地信仰中心慈生宮進行取景。 關渡宮二媽傳說 唭里岸地區居民傳統信仰中心多為慈生宮的五穀先帝,但當地居民的另一信仰中心卻遠在西北方5公里的關渡宮,相傳關渡宮二媽原漂流至該地區大馬路五分港(約今承德路七段與北投焚化廠間)被人供奉在慈生宮,慈生宮整修因整修將其神像寄祀於關渡宮。 然慈生宮整修竣工後欲恭請媽祖回駕,媽祖表示要留在關渡宮,此後就安置在關渡宮,於是有正月十六二媽回娘家在到唭里岸地區的習俗,不過僅回宮作客並不舉辦遶境活動。 唭里岸公園 於天母行義路附近有一唭哩岸公園,然該公園位置卻與普遍認知的唭里岸地區相距甚遠,據台北榮總院史網站紀載,過去的唭哩岸地區以磺溪為界,涵蓋目前石牌及部分天母地區。 後厝謝氏 唭里岸地區北側以捷運淡水線為分隔之區域被稱為「後厝」,當地謝氏居民應有部分凱達格蘭平埔族血統。 唭里岸山 唭里岸山舊名鳳梨山,位於烏尖連峰西南向分支山股。山頭有聯勤測量單位設置銅標三等三角點,編號8201,海拔高度165公尺,涵蓋軍艦岩(白鐵圖根點,編號市491)、奇岩山(玄武岩圖根點,編號精幹點292),山裡有四十甲地曾種滿鳳梨,昔名「鳳梨山」,在中華民國接管臺灣後逐漸減產以至消失,現今「唭里岸山」仍可發現為數不少的「野生」鳳梨。 推理遊戲取材 日本推理遊戲海貓悲鳴時(うみねこのなく頃に)EP4,金藏的故鄉在台灣,碑文所藏黄金之處字末解答為「淡水河旁的唭哩岸」;首先解開此達的日本留學生,推理遊戲其作品一改編成為漫畫與動畫。 影視取景 由於唭里岸地區既有現代社區型集合建築,又有傳統廟宇與石砌聚落,常常為電影電視取景所用,早期北投地區電影興盛時期亦有所取景,近年來亦有電視電影及廣告在此取景。 國農乳品廣告 (經典乳品廣告「千拜萬拜不如歸箱的國農拿來拜」,即在唭里岸地區廟宇進行取景作業,亦為當地居民津津熱道之事。) 電視劇連續劇 勸世媳婦(1994華視八點檔) 電視劇連續劇 我們一家都是人(超視) 電視劇連續劇 親親小爸(華視) 電視劇連續劇 太陽花 (中視) 電視劇連續劇 愛情合約 (TVBS) 電視劇連續劇 華麗的挑戰 (民視、八大) 香港電影 哪有一天不想你 台灣電影 聽說 台灣電影 愛你一萬年 台灣電影 木偶人電影版BBS鄉民的正義前導影片 台灣電影 惡之畫 音樂錄影帶 許慧欣倔強的背後 音樂錄影帶 黃明志五百 參考資料 參考文獻 《台灣地名探源》國立台北大學 郭文鐸 參照 台北歷史 唭哩岸站 石牌站 軍艦岩 慈生宮 立農國小 唭里岸山 外部連結 唭哩岸自然步道 第二章基隆河流域──一號至十七號地圖解讀 北投 芝蘭二堡 北投區地理 七星郡大字 源自台灣原住民語言的台灣地名 台灣閩南語音譯地名 源自閩南語的北北基宜地名
朴基瑞(,) 朝鲜劳动党中央委员会委员、中央军事委员会委员,朝鲜国防委员会委员。1996年10月-2005年10月任朝鲜人民军平壤防御司令部司令官。1989年11月升上将,1992年4月晋升大将,1997年4月授次帅军衔。 朴基瑞出生在日治時期的農民家庭,在正規武裝建設的最初時期加入人民軍隊。曾被授予共和國英雄稱號和金日成勛章。因急性心肌梗塞逝世,享年84歲。 朝鲜人民军次帅 朴姓 朝鮮勞動黨中央委員
In metallurgy, mineral jigs are a type of gravity concentrator, separating materials with different densities. It is widely used in recovering valuable heavy minerals such as gold, platinum, tin, tungsten, as well as gemstones such as diamond and sapphire, from alluvial or placer deposits. Base metals such as iron, manganese, and barite can also be recovered using jigs. The process begins with flowing a stream of liquid-suspended material over a screen and subjecting the screen to a vertical hydraulic pulsation. This pulsation momentarily expands or dilates the screen bed and allows the heavier materials to work toward the bottom. Heavier material finer than the screen openings will gradually work through the beds and the retention screen into the hutch, or lower compartment. That material, the concentrate, is discharged from this compartment or hutch through a spigot. If the concentrate is coarser than the screen, it will work down to the top of the shot bed, and can be withdrawn either continuously or intermittently. The lighter material, or tailing, will be rejected over the end of the jig. The mineral jig has certain advantages in placer and hardrock mill flowsheets. In gold recovery, the jigs produce highly concentrated products which can be easily upgraded by methods such as barrel amalgamation, treating across shaking tables or processing through centrifugal concentrators. In other placer operations the heavy minerals being sought are recovered efficiently and cheaply with similar high ratios of concentration. In iron, manganese, and base metal treatment flowsheets, the jigs are operated to produce marketable grades of concentrate, or, as pre-concentration devices, to reject barren gangue prior to the ore entering the fine grinding section of the mill flowsheet. The construction of the mineral jig results in maximum utilization of floor area and minimum head room requirements, permitting greater capacity per unit of operating floor area than, for example, shaking tables or other devices such as jig concentrators. See also Jig concentrators Mineral processing References Mining equipment
Motorcycle Girl is a 2018 Pakistani biographical adventure drama film based on the life of motorcyclist Zenith Irfan. Directed, written and co-produced by Adnan Sarwar, it is second installment in Sarwar's thematic Hero trilogy, following Shah (2015). The film stars Sohai Ali Abro as Zenith Irfan who travels to northern areas of Pakistan on a motorbike to fulfil her father's wish, facing many challenges along the way, with Samina Peerzada, Ali Kazmi, and Shamim Hilaly also playing supporting roles. The film was released on 20 April 2018 nationwide. The film mostly received positive reviews from critics who praised the direction, story and performances (especially Abro's performance). At 16th Lux Style Awards, Abro received Best Actress Critics awards. Plot An 18-years old girl (Zenith Irfan), lives in Lahore, Pakistan, with her family who becomes an overnight sensation and grabs the attention on media after she traveled on Motorcycle toward difficult and dangerous mountain areas on the Pakistan northern sides to fulfills her father's wish and became the first woman of Pakistan to travel alone to north of the country on a motorbike. Cast Sohai Ali Abro as Zenith Irfan Samina Peerzada as Zenith's mother Ali Kazmi as Zenith's fiancée Sarmad Khoosat as Zenith's boss Shamim Hilaly as Zenith's grandmother Hadi bin Arshad as Sultan; Zenith's brother Mehar Bano Khalid Butt Daniyal Raheel Mandana Zaidi Hani Taha Wajahat Malik Production Development After the success of Shah, director Adnan Sarwar announced in 2017, that the second film in his planned Hero trilogy would be based on the life of a motorcyclist, Zenith Irfan. Sarwar explained, "this film will be the second installment of the "Heroes Trilogy" that I have planned. Zenith's story is important because, at such a young age, she is doing things that challenge gender stereotypes which are deeply engrained in the fabric of our society. This film will be my little effort towards inspiring a future where, hopefully, the women of our country will be more empowered, truly independent and unshackled from archaic taboos that hold back their progress". Citing the inspiration of film, Adnan said, "the remarkable story of what Zenith did at such a young age caught my attention after Shah and I knew it was the right subject to turn into a film", said Adnan Sarwar. "I have scripted a fictional world around the core true story of her journey and I hope that Motorcycle Girl will help further the cause of women empowerment in Pakistan". In an interview, Sarwar said "I think what attracted me most to this topic was the fact that at such a young age, Zenith was able to pull off such a remarkable feat. I'm a firm believer in women empowerment and gender equality and Zenith has proved that times are changing," he quipped further saying, "when I found out that the reason she made the journey was in memory of her father, I fell in love with the story completely. I have tried to treat the film with immense sensitivity and at its core; it is about a daughter's love for her father." Casting Actress Sohai Ali Abro was approached for the role, who was then working on a project that was shelved because of production issues. Describing her role Abro said, "I felt like I was being typecast a lot as this typically pretty, doll character on screen and I wanted to break out of my comfort zone and do something different. I went through a LOT of scripts before finally settling on this one", sharing on playing Zenith she said, "I could relate to Zenith's desire to fulfill her late father's ambitions. She grew up without a father and I too, have been through that so I could relate to her a lot." Motorcycle Girl is believed to be the second film centered around women character after Hareem Farooq's, Parchi, commenting on that Abro said, "It is absolute honor to play Zenith in his film. The role of this incredible, empowered female is one that I can relate to and is close to my heart. I have always believed in the liberating the power of our women, especially considering the taboos we face in our society, and I am really happy that a lot of young girls would be able to look up to me for doing something positive and inspiring." The film also stars Samina Peerzada as Abro's mother while Ali Kazmi, who plays Abro's husband a role similar he played in series, Baaghi, describing his role he said, "I wanted something light and not negative but Adnan convinced me. My character is a small part of the great ensemble cast but a pivotal one. It is an amalgamation of the interesting potential suitors of Zenith." Shamim Hilaly was cast as an Abro's grandmother, Sarmad Khoosat joined as an Abro's boss while aspiring actor Hadi bin Arshad played Abro's brother Sultan. Filming Principal photography began in early September 2017. The film was shot entirely in Hunza and Khunjerab, with initial scenes were filmed in Lahore. Before the shoot, Sohai went through hectic trainings as she didn't know how to drive a motorbike, and was reportedly made the same journey from Lahore to the Khanjarab Pass that Irfan's took in 2015. Music The film score is composed and co-produced by Xulfi with Sherry Khattak. Lyrics are mostly penned down by Smai Khan and Adnan Sarwar. The first song of the film "Urr Chalay" was released on April 12, 2018. The song received critical acclaim. The second song "Pahiya" was also met with critical praise. Track listing Release The trailer of the film was released on 25 March 2018. The film was premiered on 18 April to a selected audience at Cinepax, Lahore. The film released on 20 April nationwide. For the promotion of the film, many celebrities, post their pictures online riding bikes in support of the film including, Saba Qamar, Hamza Ali Abbasi, and Maya Ali. Box office Motorcycle Girl grossed from Pakistan on its first day of release. At the end of first week, its domestic collections were around . The film ended its run, collecting only . Reception Critical response The trailer of the film received positive response, many citing it is groundbreaking for women empowerment. Sohai was praised for playing Zenith and many said this film is unconventional against the women-ecentirc culture of Pakistan. Sohai herself said, “the idea behind the film is to make it okay for women to ride motorcycles on the streets of Pakistan and get rid of the notion that it is something abnormal.” On the release of the film, the film garnered a majority of positive reviews. OyeYeah called it a film "Pakistan needs". Sahar Watoo for Daily Times said it is "an emotional, inspirational cinematic ride". Bushra Nayeem for Daily Pakistan wrote, "The issues discussed were apt and the storyline was amazing. The videography was really nice and we all can expect more good work from our industry. Sohai has done justice to her character." Shahjehan Saleem for Something Haute said, "Motorcycle Girl has done what many others have failed to do. It has proven that a female-centric film can and does work brilliantly if it's done right." Rahul Aijaz of The Express Tribune gave it a rating of 3 out of 5 and wrote, "As the late American journalist and author Hunter S Thompson once said, “Buy the ticket, take the ride.” You'll enjoy it." Maleeha Mengal of Dunya News praised the film. Turyal Azam Khan for The Diplomat wrote, "Cake and Motorcycle Girl signal a new, refreshing direction for Pakistani cinema". Sarah Babar of MangoBaaz called it "Heartfelt and extremely empowering". Omair Alavi of Samaa TV gave it a rating of 3.5/5. Anum Rehman Chagani for Dawn Images gave it 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "Motorcycle Girl is smart, funny, poignant and it delivers a touching story without any gimmicks". Accolades See also List of Pakistani films of 2018 References External links 2018 films 2010s adventure drama films 2018 biographical drama films Films scored by Xulfi 2010s Urdu-language films Pakistani adventure drama films Pakistani biographical drama films 2018 drama films Films directed by Adnan Sarwar
Frank Elliott Barber Jr. (June 8, 1912 – January 14, 1992) was a Vermont attorney and politician who served as Vermont Attorney General from 1953 to 1955. Biography F. Elliott Barber was born in Brattleboro, Vermont on June 8, 1912. He was the son of attorney F. Elliott Barber Sr., and the nephew of Herbert G. Barber, who also served as Vermont Attorney General. He graduated from Brattleboro High School in 1930, Norwich University in 1934, and Harvard Law School in 1937. He was admitted to the bar in 1937, and practiced with his father in the Brattleboro firm of Barber & Barber. Barber became active in Republican politics; from 1941 to 1943, he served as Brattleboro’s town counsel. In 1944, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention. During his career, he also held other local offices, including justice of the peace and town meeting moderator. He joined the United States Army for World War II, and attained the rank of captain at Headquarters, Chinese Combat Command, a unit commanded by Robert B. McClure, which operated in the China Burma India Theater. In 1946 he won election to the Vermont State Senate, and he served from 1947 to 1949. In 1947, Barber was appointed judge of Brattleboro’s municipal court, and he served until 1949. In 1950, he won election to the Vermont House of Representatives, and he served one term, 1951 to 1953. In 1952, Barber won the Republican nomination for Vermont Attorney General. He won the general election for the term starting in January 1953. Attorney General Clifton G. Parker resigned in December, and Governor Lee E. Emerson appointed Barber to fill the vacancy effective December 31. Barber served from December 31, 1952 to January 1955. As his deputy, Barber appointed Robert Stafford, who succeeded him as Attorney General. In 1954, Barber was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Vermont; the nomination was won by Consuelo N. Bailey, who defeated Barber and Harold J. Arthur, and went on to win the general election. In 1959, Stafford, now serving as governor, appointed Barber to the Vermont Liquor Control Board. He served until resigning in 1963. Barber continued to practice law, and also became a lobbyist. He remained active in Republican politics; in 1970, he was the Windham County chairman of Senator Winston L. Prouty’s reelection campaign. In 1976 he was one of several former attorneys general who endorsed Republican candidate John M. Meaker for the position. (Meaker was defeated by Democratic incumbent M. Jerome Diamond.) Barber died on June 14, 1992. He was buried at Morningside Cemetery in Brattleboro. Family In 1938, Barber married Jeanne Freund. They were the parents of two children, Susan and Frank III. They divorced in 1946, and in 1949, Barber married Harriet Frances Fairbrother of Newport, Vermont. She was known as Frances, and they were the parents of two children, Hugh and Allison. References Sources Books Magazines Newspapers Internet 1912 births 1992 deaths Lawyers from Brattleboro, Vermont Politicians from Brattleboro, Vermont Norwich University alumni Harvard Law School alumni United States Army personnel of World War II Vermont state court judges Republican Party members of the Vermont House of Representatives Republican Party Vermont state senators Vermont Attorneys General United States Army officers 20th-century American politicians 20th-century American judges 20th-century American lawyers
The Jharkhand women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian state of Jharkhand. The team competes in the Women's Senior One Day Trophy and the Women's Senior T20 Trophy. Current squad Mamta Kanojia Riya Raj(wk) Ritu Kumari Radhey Sonia Durga Murmu Mani Niharika Anamika Kumari Khushboo Pandey Pinky Tirky Dinesh Ashwani Ravinder Devyani Arti Kumari Priyanka Saiwayan Shannti Kumari Honours Women's Senior One Day Trophy: Runners-up (1): 2020–21 See also Jharkhand cricket team References Women's cricket teams in India Cricket in Jharkhand
Land of Thirst is a South African television drama written and directed by Meg Rickards, who is Cape town based. The drama was broadcast on SABC2 in Jan/Feb 2008 in three segments and was produced by Durban-based Vuleka Productions. It is also available as a 94-minute film which is slightly different in its opening style. The drama was adapted from a novel published nearly a century ago, Margaret Harding, by Perceval Gibbon, who came to South Africa as a Boer War journalist and later wrote this work. An historical romance set in the Karoo in 1913, Land of Thirst is an extraordinary love story about two people far ahead of their time, caught in the cross-currents of emergent South Africa. Margaret leaves England and moves to Africa for the treatment of her tuberculosis in the dry air of the Karoo, while Khanyiso goes there to search for his African roots. Romance flourishes for them in this “land of thirst” – but can they keep their love alive in such a hostile world? Margaret and Khanyiso independently leave England and travel to South Africa. The consumptive Margaret seeks treatment at a sanatorium. Khanyiso is the son of a Xhosa chief executed by the British twenty years earlier who was taken to London as a child, raised as an English gentleman and given a medical training. He is returning home to unearth what happened to his father – and to serve his people as a doctor. Margaret and Khanyiso both feel alienated in the deeply parochial society of the Karoo. The decrepit sanatorium where Margaret is being treated is run by an alcoholic doctor and his mean-spirited wife, while Khanyiso must stay in a brothel after being shunned by the racist proprietors of every guesthouse in town. Khanyiso and Margaret meet through a shy teenager named Paul – a naïve farm boy who latches onto both of them as his only friends. Khanyiso and Margaret find in each other refuge from the harsh world of the Karoo, and fall passionately in love. But their love puts both their lives at risk. Cast Hlomla Dandala - Khanyiso Phalo Lucy Wylde - Margaret Harding Ian Roberts - Christiaan Di Preez Stephen Jennings - Doctor Jakes Mrs Jakes - Terri Norton Susan Danford - Vivie du Preez Pierre Malherbe - Ford South African drama television series SABC 2 original programming Television shows set in South Africa
龚挺(),字無競,号古民,别号拙庵,江南太仓县人。 生平 生于万历三十一年七月十五日,為諸生。康熙二十年正月初八日卒於家。工於詩,有《拙庵诗钞》二卷。 參考書目 龚宝琳:《拙庵公述略》 K 太仓人 龚姓
Sir Francis Chatillon Danson (24 November 1855 – 3 July 1926) was a British average adjuster (calculating liabilities for marine insurance). Danson was born in Barnston, Cheshire, the son of barrister and journalist John Towne Danson (1817–1898). He was educated at Liverpool College and in Paris. He established his own firm of F. C. Danson & Co, with offices in Liverpool and London. He was a long-standing member of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board and Liverpool Chamber of Commerce (of which he was president from 1896 to 1899), deputy treasurer of the University of Liverpool (and member of the Council from 1903 to 1918), chairman of the Birkenhead Conservative Association from 1898 to 1904, member of the Admiralty Transport Arbitration Board from 1914 until his death, and chairman of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, for which he was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours. He died in Oxton, Birkenhead. Footnotes 1855 births 1926 deaths People from the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral People educated at Liverpool College Businesspeople in insurance People associated with the University of Liverpool Knights Bachelor Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特(,)是法国瓦兹省的一个市镇,位于该省南部,在克雷伊的东北面,属于桑利斯区。 地名 “韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特”()一名在法语中意为“在阿拉特森林中的韦尔讷伊”。 地理 韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特()面积,位于法国上法蘭西大區瓦兹省,该省份为法国北部内陆省份,北起索姆省,西接厄尔省和滨海塞纳省,南至塞纳-马恩省和瓦兹河谷省,东临埃纳省。 与韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特接壤的市镇(或旧市镇、城区)包括:。 韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00(夏令时)。 行政 韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特的邮政编码为,INSEE市镇编码为。 政治 韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特所属的省级选区为。 人口 韦尔讷伊昂纳拉特于时的人口数量为人。 参见 瓦兹省市镇列表 参考文献 V
The Attack on Jeddah occurred in 1541 and was the last attempt by the Portuguese to capture the city. The Portuguese had previously attempted to capture Jeddah from the Ottomans in 1517, however, they were defeated, In 1541 the Portuguese fleet under the command of the Portuguese governor of India Estevao da Gama penetrated into the Red Sea with the aim of destroying the Ottoman fleet in Suez the Portuguese Destroyed several ports in their way including Suakin The Portuguese led by Estevao da Gama attacked Jeddah and attempted to take the city, The Portuguese fleet consisted of 85 ships, they landed in a port called Abu AI-Dawa'ir near Jeddah, the Ottoman garrison was at that time led by Ali Beg. Upon hearing the arrival of the Portuguese, Abu Numayy called for jihad in Mecca, and many called the answer, Abu Nummay led the Meccan troops to support the ottoman garrison and expel the Portuguese, the joint Ottoman-Meccan force led by Ali beg and Abu Nummay successfully fended off the Portuguese attack and Jeddah was successfully defended. Abu Numayy was rewarded for his successful resistance by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who granted him half of the fees collected at Jeddah. See also Siege of Jeddah Battle of Suakin (1541) Battle of Suez (1541) References Battles involving the Ottoman Empire 1541 in military history 1541 in the Ottoman Empire 1541 in the Portuguese Empire History of Jeddah
The 2005 Horizon League men's basketball tournament took place at the end of the 2004–05 regular season. The better seed hosted each first round match. Milwaukee hosted the second round and semifinals, because they were the top seed overall, as well as the final because they were the highest remaining seed. Seeds All Horizon League schools played in the tournament. Teams were seeded by 2004–05 Horizon League season record, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. The top 2 teams received a bye to the semifinals and the third seed received a bye to the quarterfinals. Bracket First round games at campus sites of higher seeds Second round and semifinals hosted by the top seed. Championship hosted by best remaining seed References Tournament Horizon League men's basketball tournament Horizon League men's basketball tournament Horizon League men's basketball tournament Basketball competitions in Milwaukee College basketball tournaments in Wisconsin
Professor Shonku is a collection of nine science fiction short stories by Satyajit Ray featuring the fictional scientist-inventor Professor Shonku. The collection was first published in 1965 by Calcutta publisher NewScript Publications. The original collection contained seven stories, while the eight and ninth stories were added in later editions. Eight of the nine stories were published in the children's magazine Sandesh, while the ninth, "Professor Shonku o Bhoot", was previously published in Ashcharya. The short stories are written in epistolary form, using dated diary entries as a framing device. Introduction The first of Professor Shonku's diaries is discovered by Tarak Chatterjee, an amateur (and rather poor) writer, who has a fascination for tiger stories. On hearing that a large meteor had crashed into the Matharia areas of the Sundarbans, he visited the location in search of tiger skin. Failing to find them, he looked around only to find a red notebook inside the meteor's hole (later learned to be the first of Professor Shonku's diaries). This he hands to the editor of Sandesh, who publishes the diary's entries as the first story, "Byomjatrir Diary". The diary is eaten by fire ants, but the editor visits Professor Shonku's laboratory in Giridih, India, and locates 21 other diaries, which he publishes periodically as stories in his magazine. After the first few stories, the editor stops appearing, and the stories begin with the journal entries themselves, narrated by Shonku directly. Synopses of stories Byomjatrir Diary A poor author approaches the editor of Sandesh with a journal by Professor Shonku, a scientist who disappeared fifteen years ago. The editor learns from the diary that Shonku, despite being mocked by his neighbour Abinash Chandra Majumdar, was getting prepared for a voyage to Mars. He also invented a robot that he called Bidhushekhar. Later, Shonku, his servant Prahlad, his pet cat Newton, and Bidhushekhar arrive on Mars and are attacked by an army of Martians. They flee from Mars, lose their way in space, and after many days of wandering, finally arrive in Tafa, an unknown planet inhabited by the "first civilized humans of the solar system". Unlike the Martians, the inhabitants of Tafa welcome the strangers and make Shonku their fellow citizen. The editor plans to publish the journal in his magazine, only to discover later that the diary has been destroyed by a swarm of ants. Professor Shonku o Harh Upon the Abinash's insistence, Professor Shonku visits a sadhu in Giridih, who is always seen hanging upside down from a tree, and is known to have the ability to bring dead animals back to life through the power of his spells. When skeletons of dead animals are brought to him, he brings them back to life. Being a scientist and an inventor, Professor Shonku was sure there was hypnotism involved but is stunned to see that the animals are being revived. Shonku secretly records the spell that the sadhu was chanting and. When he tries to play the chant at his laboratory, he only hears ghastly laughter. Shonku, after seeing the sadhu angrily glaring at him, realizes that the sadhu somehow learned about his plan. The sadhu disappears from Giridih the next day. That incident gives Shonku an interest in bones, and after seeing what he suspected were the bones of a brontosaur in a neighbour's house, he visits the forests of the Nilgiris, where his neighbour had found the bones. He finds the bones of the brontosaur in a remote cave. After retrieving and studying the bones, one night Shonku sees the sadhu chanting the same spell as he used to in Giridih. The brontosaur is revived and starts munching on the tree where the sadhu was hanging. The sadhu tries to chant a reverse spell to change it back to its skeleton form, but just as he completes the spell, he is crushed to death underneath the bones of the dinosaur. Professor Shonku o Macaw Shonku describes his experience with Professor Gajanan Tarafdar, who is an unscrupulous scientist that loves to profit off of other scientists' work. While Shonku was busy with creating an invisibility potion, Tarafdar interrogates Shonku. When Shonku gets distracted by a piece of mail, Tarafdar starts reading Shonku's notebook that contains his experiments and formulae. Shonku arrives, catches Tarafdar and gets rid of him from his house. Tarafdar visits his house, but Shonku keeps him away from his laboratory to prevent him from reading his notes. Tarafdar writes a letter to Shonku, challenging him by saying that he will make an invisibility potion before him. One morning, after returning from a morning walk, Shonku discovers a macaw sitting on the branch of his garden's tree and keeps it. While experimenting with his invisibility potion one day, Shonku attempts to test the potion on a guinea pig when, to his utter shock, the macaw starts speaking to him in clear Bengali and asks what he is doing. Shonku briefly explains his work to the macaw and when the bird asks about the potion in his hand, Shonku explains what it is and even reveals the formula of the potion. The macaw turns silent when Shonku asks how it learnt Bengali. Later one night, while returning to his bedroom after having dinner, Shonku hears the macaw murmuring the invisibility potion's formula to itself. Both of them say good night to each other and leave. One day later, the macaw vanishes from Shonku's house. While entering in his laboratory, Shonku discovers the laboratory window open and the macaw gone. Albeit sad at the macaw's departure, he becomes suspicious about the open window as he clearly remembers that he closed it. In order to get over the sadness, Shonku focuses on his work. The next month, after Shonku has finished his experiment, an incident happens in his house. After returning from his prolonged morning walk, he sees the main door open and the lock broken and Newton afraid. Hearing sounds coming from his laboratory, Shonku rushes inside and sees that his laboratory has been ransacked in his absence and a bundle of his notebooks flying in the air on their own and going towards the open window. Shonku pounces upon his notebooks and a struggle ensues between him and an invisible person. Shonku succeeds in overpowering the intruder and retrieving his notes, but they try to escape. Another invisible creature arrives and attacks the escaping invisible intruder. Shonku recognizes both of them: Tarafdar and the macaw. Tarafdar manages to escape. The macaw reveals the entire truth to Shonku: the macaw was part of a Brazilian circus. Tarafdar went to Brazil a few years ago and stole the macaw from there. The macaw, who was already intelligent and proficient in several languages, started living with Tarafdar and learnt Bengali language from him. Tarafdar sent the macaw to infiltrate Shonku's household and collect the invisibility potion's formula. Thinking that the macaw can betray him in the future, and also to suppress his secrets which the macaw knows, Tarafdar tried to kill the bird, after successfully turning himself invisible. The macaw drank Tarafdar's potion, thus saving itself. Giving up on the macaw, Tarafdar arrived in Giridih to break into Shonku's house and steal his notes; unbeknownst to him, the invisible macaw followed him. The story ends with both Shonku and the macaw thanking each other. Professor Shonku o Egyptio Aatonko A person tells Shonku to stop his work on mummies, after which Shonku takes a mummy from his friend and returns it to Giridih. Professor Shonku o Golok Rahasya Abinash leaves his house one morning for a morning walk and finds a small ball lying next to a dead snake. Intrigued, he takes the ball. Shonku invents a microsonograph, a machine capable of hearing and recording inaudible sounds of all kinds. He experiments with it by recording the sound of a rose crying loudly, after tearing a leaf of the flower. Abinash visits Shonku and shows the ball to him. One evening, when Shonku is recording the sound of grass, Abinashbabu bursts in and claims that the ball has changed colour several times in one day. He also claims that he stayed awake till late at night to see the shift in color. Shonku dismisses his claims as a hallucination due to sleep deprivation, angering him. Later, Shonku visits Abinashbabu and finds him writing an article for a newspaper regarding the ball. Shonku asks to stay in his house to study the ball's colour changes and Abinash accepts. Shonku witnesses the ball changing colour and agrees that the ball has some kind of magic. Later, Abinashu discovers some dead insects lying near the ball; scared, he gives it to Shonku. Shonku studies the ball carefully, but cannot reach any conclusions. He is even more puzzled when Newton turns violent and attempts to destroy the ball. While lying in bed trying to fall asleep, he realizes what the colour-changing actually is: the ball's colour changes resemble the changing of the seasons on Earth. Different colours on the ball represent the different seasons. The only difference is that the ball takes one day for a season change. Later that night, Shonku wakes up and hears a thin, shrill and low voice calling him by his name. Shonku and Newton go downstairs and enter the laboratory. The sound is coming from the ball and is being recorded by his microsonograph that he left on. Shonku hears an alien voice coming from the ball. It claims that they are the inhabitants of the ball and that their planet, named Terratom, is the smallest exoplanet known in the universe. Terratom deflected from its orbit and crashed into Earth. The aliens soon reveal themselves to be highly lethal and extremely dangerous viruses, explaining the presence of the dead snake and the dead insects. The virus-like aliens also claim that they can infect and kill the entire population of Earth within three days. They ask Shonku to release them, as they are suffocating due to lack of air, as Shonku kept the ball inside a small glass chamber. Shonku remains adamant; he stays in his position and does not remove the glass chamber. The virus-like alien population soon suffocates to death. Professor Shonku o Chi Ching A Chinese magician fails to hypnotize Shonku. After some years, the magician comes to Shonku's house. When the magician leaves the house, Shonku sees a lizard eating his dangerous acids and transforms into a Chinese dragon. Shonku fires his invention, the electric pistol, to slay the dragon, but it does not work. He then loses his senses, and when he regains them, he understands the magician Chi-Ching had hypnotized him. Professor Shonku o Khoka While playing in his house's courtyard, a boy named Khoka slips, falls and injures his own head, after which he undergoes a drastic change and starts speaking gibberish. After several doctors fail to reach a conclusion regarding his condition, Khoka's father meets with Shonku, asking for his help. Though initially uninterested, Shonku reluctantly agrees to see Khoka. During his first meeting with Khoka, the boy nonchalantly reveals the power of Shonku's spectacles, utterly shocking him. After studying Khoka for some time, Shonku learns that the gibberish uttered by Khoka are actually scientifically intricate formulae and information which Khoka has no possible way of learning, and starts displaying psychic abilities. After Khoka garners local attention, journalists and reporters start flocking around Shonku's house to have an interview with the boy. With his psychic skills, Khoka causes a reporter's camera to malfunction, and starts speaking in foreign languages to evade the journalist's questions. Shonku quickly brings the event to an end when Khoka grows tired. One night, Shonku wakes up from his sleep and discovers Khoka gone from his bed. He soon him working in the laboratory with chemicals. Shonku attempts to stop Khoka, but Khoka threatens to injure him if he tries to interrupt. After a long and stressful moment, Khoka finally concocts a potion using some of Shonku's dangerous chemicals and consumes it, after which he loses consciousness. Khoka inexplicably reverts to normal in the morning. Shonku escorts him back home, and Khoka's parents are quite delighted to see their son become normal again. Professor Shonku o Bhoot Shonku creates a headwear and names it Neo-Spectroscope, which allows him to meet with the ghosts of deceased people. He experiments it by communicating with the ghost of his dead friend, Professor Archibald Ackroyd. People, including Abinash Chandra Majumdar, start to see Shonku roaming around Giridih. When they call him, he ignores them and leaves. This news shocks Shonku, as he never left the house during those times. Prahlad claims to have seen Shonku late one night working in the laboratory when the real Shonku was sleeping in his bedroom. Shonku becomes worried and starts to think that he is doing all these things unconsciously without remembering anything. Later one night, Shonku sees "himself" sitting in his garden's deck chair. The man whom everyone presumed to be Shonku is actually the ghost of Shonku's great-great-grandfather, Botukeshwar Shonku, a mystic who wanted to meet with him descendent and bless him for his work. After the blessing, Botukeshwar vanishes, never to be seen again. Later, Abinash meets with Shonku and shows him a photo taken by Abinash's nephew. He claims that Shonku was in the photo but Shonku's image had vanished from the photo. Shonku tells him the truth and asks him to stay and have some coffee. Translation Professor Shonku was translated to English by Sukanya Jhaveri in 1981. Many Professor Shonku stories are part of the collection The Diary of a Space Traveller and other stories, translated by Satyajit Ray and Gopa Majumdar, and published by Puffin Classics in 2004 ( ). Awards Professor Shonku was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Children's Literature in 1967. See also Bengali science fiction List of Professor Shonku adventures Professor Shonku O El Dorado Feluda Feluda in film Kakababu Kakababu in other media Byomkesh Bakshi Byomkesh Bakshi in other media Culture of Bengal Culture of West Bengal Bengali literature History of Bengali literature List of Bengali-language authors (chronological) References Professor Shonku 1965 children's books 1965 short story collections Bengali-language literature Children's short story collections Indian children's literature Indian science fiction Science fiction short story collections Short story collections by Satyajit Ray Works originally published in Sandesh (magazine)
宜山路可以指: 宜山路 (上海),位于上海市的一条道路。 宜山路 (臺北市),位于臺北市的一条道路。
Toasty Digital (born 1994) is an American musician and mashup artist. His first notable release was 2049, a mashup concept album created through sampling various Kanye West tracks. He rose to further prominence with the release of Good Kid Twisted Fantasy, a mixtape sampling West and Kendrick Lamar. Early life and career Toasty Digital was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He began teaching himself how to make and mix music at the age of 12 using GarageBand. His job outside of music is technical editing. 2020: 2049 and Maybe We Can Make It To Christmas In 2020, he released 2049, a concept album made with mashups of various Kanye West songs both released and unreleased. Notably, Toasty Digital sampled leaked songs from West's cancelled album Yandhi. 2049 featured a backstory and an interactive website to promote the release. The website was designed by starfennec and features, alongside the songs from the album, information about climate change with hyperlinks to various websites, including the Climate Justice Alliance and the Indigenous Environmental Network. The relevance of these links are in the backstory, which explains that the album is set on a futuristic Earth, where Kanye West has disappeared and humanity has been overwhelmed by climate change. The album was well received, and Toasty Digital attributed much of his early success to the subreddit "YandhiLeaks", explaining that it helped spread the album to a wider audience. In late 2020, Toasty Digital released a Christmas-themed mashup album titled Maybe We Can Make It To Christmas, again influenced by Kanye West samples. 2021-present: Later Mixtapes In February 2021, Toasty Digital released the mixtape Good Kid Twisted Fantasy. This release features samples from Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar, with the title being a homage to their respective albums My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and Good Kid, M.A.A.D City. The mixtape continues the story of 2049, being set one year later as humans plan to evacuate the Earth. A 63-year old Lamar would have heard the album before being put into cryogenic sleep for the duration of the six-year trip. Toasty Digital would also release DIET YEEZUS, a mashup album of Kanye West's album, Yeezus, featuring what he describes as a "plant-based, cruelty-free" sound. Toasty also made the first volume of ‘Tyler 2049’, a collection of songs made from different parts of other songs from Tyler the Creator in November 2021. Tyler 2049 (vol. 1) is a spinoff to 2049, being set in the same setting and year, but following the compositions of an AI Okonma. Toasty Digital's next mashup project, BLONDA, featured samples from Frank Ocean's Blonde) and Kanye West's Donda. It was slated for release in 2021, but was pushed back to February 2022. It takes place one year after Good Kid Twisted Fantasy in 2051, where Kanye returns to Earth. He then travels to Antarctica to find a 64-year-old Frank Ocean operating the last radio station on Earth. After both have visions from a parallel universe, they produce the mixtape BLONDA. Toasty Digital's most recent album, Sample Service, is another compilation of remixed Kanye West tracks. Toasty Digital has also expressed interest in performing live and has practiced recreating his songs live using a drum machine. On October 11, 2022, Toasty announced his departure from using West samples in his mashups, as they were becoming less fun to make and he wanted to focus on other artists. He also announced a sequel to Maybe We Can Make It To Christmas. On November 15, 2022, the album title was revealed as Instrumentals from my mama's Christmas Party. It is set to primarily feature samples from Kendrick Lamar and will debut on November 25. Discography Albums 2049 (2020) SAMPLE SERVICE (2022) Mixtapes MAYBE WE CAN MAKE IT TO CHRISTMAS (2020) Good Kid Twisted Fantasy (2021) DIET YEEZUS (2021) Tyler 2049 (vol. 1) (2021) DIET YEEZUS DELUXE (2022) BLONDA (2022) Instrumentals from my mama's Christmas Party (2022) The Forever Young Tour (2023) The Lost Tour (2023) References American DJs Musicians from Minneapolis 1994 births Living people
达卡证券交易所( Dhaka stôk ekschenj),位于孟加拉国达卡,是孟加拉国两个证券交易所之一(另一个是吉大港证券交易所)。2020年,上市公司总市值超过460亿美元。 历史 1954年4月28日东巴基斯坦证券交易协会有限公司成立,并于1956年正式开市。1962年6月23日更名为东巴基斯坦证券交易所有限公司。1964年5月13日再次更名为达卡证券交易所有限公司。孟加拉国解放战争后交易中断,1976年重新开始交易,1986年9月16日开始编制DSE指数。1993年11月1日IFC更改了DSE指数的计算公式。自动交易于1998年8月10日引入,并于 2001年1月1日正式启用。中央证券存管系统于2004年1月24日引入。 2009年11月16日,DSE基准指数首次突破4000点,达4148点。 2010年,该指数冲破8500点,最终在2011年第一季度大跌。成百上千万投资者血本无归,走上街头指责投机者和监管机构造成泡沫,泡沫最终在2011年孟加拉股市骗局中破灭。 目前交易所共有22个板块,578家上市公司。 形成 达卡证券交易所是根据1994年公司法、1993年证券交易委员会法、1994 年证券交易委员会条例和 1994 年证券交易(内幕交易)条例组建和管理的公众有限公司。发行股本为50万塔卡,分为250股,任何个人或公司都不能购买超过一股。根据规则,只有会员才能参与交易和为自己或客户购买股票。目前有会员238人。2007年,上市股票市值达90亿美元;2009年,市值达274亿美元。 管理 达卡证券交易所的管理和运营委托给25名成员组成的董事会。其中12位是从指数成分股公司中选出的,另外12位是从不同的行业机构和相关组织中选出的。另有一位交易所CEO是董事会的当然成员。据报道,政府已任命在达卡大学任教银行和保险的史卜利·伊斯兰教授为孟加拉国证券交易委员会主席。 以下组织目前在交易所董事会中担任职务: 孟加拉银行 ICB –孟加拉国投资公司 孟加拉国特许会计师协会会长 孟加拉工商会联合会会长 大都会商会会长 达卡大学金融系教授 达卡工商会会长 交易 达卡证券交易所的交易时间为周日至周四10:00–14:30,交易所提前宣布的假期除外。斋月期间交易所提早在14:00收盘。 共有599家公司在本证券交易所上市。 证券交易所在完全平等和竞争的条件下促进上市证券交易的透明度。上市有利于公司、投资者和广大公众。 2010-2011 年股灾 2010年11月牛市转为熊市,指数在2010年12月至2011年1月间下跌了1800点。成百上千万投资者因市场崩盘血本无归。这场股灾被认为是人祸,以牺牲散户为代价,使少数庄家获利。 参见 孟加拉国经济 参考文献 扩展阅读 外部链接 维基数据不存在坐标数据的页面 含有孟加拉語的條目 證券交易所
牙周脓肿的临床表现有什么?由于原来的深牙周袋颈部堵塞,脓液不能从牙周袋排出而深入到深部牙周组织,引起炎症和破坏,因而引起脓肿。另一原因是由于外来的创伤引起牙周深层组织的炎症,进而诱发脓肿。牙周脓肿可以发生于任何一型牙周炎病人。它是位于牙周袋壁或深部牙周组织中的局限性化脓性炎症,可引起周围胶原纤维和骨质的破坏。一般为急性过程,也可有慢性牙周脓肿。牙周炎是由牙菌斑中的微生物所引起的牙周支持组织的慢性感染性疾病,导致牙周支持组织的炎症和破坏,是我国成年人丧失牙齿的首位原因。牙周炎发展到中、晚期,出现深牙周袋后,可以伴发牙周脓肿。牙周脓肿一般为急性过程,可自行破溃排脓和消退,但若不积极治疗,或反复急性发作,可成为慢性牙周脓肿。急性牙周脓肿发病突然,在患牙的唇颊侧或舌腭侧牙龈形成椭圆形或半球状的肿胀突起。牙龈发红、水肿,表面光亮。脓肿的早期,炎症浸润广泛,使组织张力较大,疼痛较剧烈,可有搏动性疼痛。患牙有“浮起感”,叩痛,松动明显。脓肿的后期,脓液局限,脓肿表面较软,扪诊可有波动感,疼痛稍减轻,此时轻压牙龈可有脓液从袋内留出,或脓肿自行从表面破溃,脓肿消退。急性牙周脓肿的治疗原则是止痛、防止感染扩散以及使脓液引流。必要时候全身给以抗生素或者支持疗法。严重着可在局部麻醉下切开引流。彻底冲洗脓腔。注意和牙槽脓肿进行鉴别。平时要注意多喝水,不能吃任何刺激性的食物,刺激性的食物会影响到恢复的效果,还要注意保持口腔清洁,养成早晚刷牙的习惯。
睾丸坏死能不能射精?急性睾丸扭转会发生,如果扭转持续很长时间,就会发生睾丸坏死。最典型的症状是阴囊疼痛。有些病人会突然疼痛,疼痛致死,阴囊明显肿胀,阴囊皮肤发红,下腹和会阴疼痛等。疼痛发生时,阴囊睾丸和附睾明显增大和增厚。如果不能及时发现绞窄的程度,睾丸就会坏死。那么睾丸坏死能不能射精?如果睾丸坏死,精子就不会产生,导致阴茎萎缩。。我建议你养成良好的生活习惯,适当锻炼和休息。吃一些微量元素,吃一些中药,禁止吸烟,少喝刺激性食物,及时去专业医院检查治疗,并治疗具体病因。只有这样,它才能得到改善。睾丸坏死无法治愈。静脉曲张主要由睾丸肿胀引起,躺下后会缓解,阴囊内可感觉为索状增厚静脉。睾丸坏死在b超下可以清楚的发现睾丸内没有动脉血流,这是典型的睾丸坏死的表现。建议如果有症状应该早期到医院去确诊,如果确诊有睾丸扭转,早期先手术治疗。如果发现晚,出现睾丸坏死,这种情况只能睾丸切除。睾丸后表现常见于阴囊突然绞痛,可引起轻微腹痛,有时还会引起剧烈疼痛。病人弓和腰的背面是苍白的。检查后发现睾丸肿胀萎缩,呈蒂状。抬起阴囊可以减轻疼痛。正常情况下,睾丸不会无缘无故坏死。如果睾丸扭转或坏死是由外伤、明显肿胀、疼痛、发热等引起的。将首先发生,不排除因不明原因引起的萎缩和坏死。因此睾丸通常会显著减少,非常坚硬。睾丸是精子产生的地方,所以睾丸疾病会使男性失去生育能力。如果长期不治疗或不能治愈,就会导致无精子症或无精子症,这将导致不育,使男性失去生育能力。睾丸还会引起男性性功能下降,如果病情严重还会导致性功能丧失。所以男性平时一定要积极预防睾丸疾病,一定要注意自己的个人卫生,注意提高自己的身体素质,千万不要做一些过激的运动。
请描述原蚕蛾的用量用法?内服:烘干,研为末,每日~15克。
慢性荨麻疹的基本治则与治疗方法?荨麻疹是一种常见的皮肤病,临床多表现为皮肤出现红色或苍白瘙痒性风团,发无定处,时隐时现,骤起骤退,消退后不留任何痕迹。本病相当于中医的“风疹”“瘾疹”,总病因为禀赋不耐,人体对某些物质过敏。可能与卫外不固,风寒、风热等外邪侵袭肌表;或因肠胃湿热郁于肌肤;或因气血不足,虚风内生等原因有关。慢性荨麻疹是因为身体长期受到过敏源的刺激,反复发作,引起的身体部位出血疹子,瘙痒等症状,首先需要确定什么原因引起的过敏,再根据检查情况隔离过敏源,然后再积极治疗就可以帮助恢复。慢性荨麻疹临床根治较困难,一般选用抗组织胺类药物治疗,也可选用三环类抗抑郁药。如果常规药物对于慢性荨麻疹患者控制不理想,可以选用小剂量激素口服,或者免疫抑制剂,此类药物属于二线用药,临床一般不推荐使用。此外,患者还可选用中医中药辨证论治,进行个体化治疗。目前,中医除口服中药外,还可选用针灸、放血、拔罐、走罐、穴位注射等,对治疗慢性荨麻疹,有较好的疗效。具体用药请结合临床,由医生面诊指导为准。患者配合医生的治疗方案,而且要树立起战胜疾病的信心,只有彻底的治愈,才能预防其他的并发症的产生,做好预防工作,养成良好的生活习惯。患荨麻疹病程超过6周者称为慢性荨麻疹,慢性荨麻疹病程较长,症状易反复,需要注意日常生活习惯。要保持清淡饮食,忌辛辣刺激、生冷油腻、牛羊肉海鲜等食物,忌吸烟喝酒,保持心情舒畅,避免熬夜。另外,日常还要注意加强身体锻炼,增强体质。
西伯利亚蓼是什么??西伯利亚蓼,为蓼科蓼属下的一个变种。
Mael may refer to: People Mael (name), a Celtic given name Maël (saint), fifth-century Breton saint Ron Mael (born 1945), American musician, member of the band Sparks Russell Mael (born 1948), American musician, member of the band Sparks Fictional characters Mael (The Vampire Chronicles), character from Anne Rice's The Vampire Chronicles series Mael, sea god in Steven Erikson's Malazan Book of the Fallen series Mael, fallen Archangel from The Seven Deadly Sins (manga) Other Mæl Station, a railway terminus in Telemark, Norway Maël-Carhaix, a commune in Brittany, France
|} This is a list of House of Assembly results for the 1956 Tasmanian election. Results by division Bass Braddon Denison Franklin Wilmot See also 1956 Tasmanian state election Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1956–1959 Candidates of the 1956 Tasmanian state election References Results of Tasmanian elections 1956 elections in Australia
良性头部组织细胞增生症的西医治疗?(一)治疗不必治疗,可自行消退。(二)预后损害8个月~4年后可自行消退,不遗留瘢痕。
右侧卵巢包块是什么原因?卵巢包块,其实主要指的是咱们平时所说的卵巢囊肿,在临床上有生理性的囊肿及囊实性的囊肿,具体每个人的情况也不完全一样。从病因上来说,卵巢包块的出现与炎症感染以及体内激素分泌失衡都是有一定的关系的,受生活中很多因素的影响。卵巢包块,是卵巢疾病中比较常见的一种类型。简单来说,就是咱们平时所说的卵巢囊肿,在临床上患有此病的女性朋友是非常多的,各个年龄段的患者都是有的。并且受很多因素的影响,目前临床上患有此病的女性是越来越多,也逐渐呈现出年轻化的趋势。卵巢包块在临床上有很多种类,比如炎性的卵巢囊肿,囊实性的囊肿,卵巢肿瘤等。炎性的卵巢囊肿与阴道、宫颈或者盆腔里边感染致病菌是有直接的关系的,主要是由于致病菌感染导致的;而囊实性的囊肿,与体内激素分泌失衡有直接的关系,受生活中很多因素的影响,比如饮食习惯,生活压力,精神因素,经常熬夜,情绪改变等等,不管什么原因导致激素分泌失衡的话都可能会导致卵巢包块的出现;造成右侧卵巢囊性包块原因有:1、环境以及生活方式等影响现在食物污染问题十分严重,特别是如果女性长期食用含有生长激素的蔬菜瓜果、鸡鸭鱼肉等食物,就会对女性体内内分泌造成影响,也就会引发卵巢囊肿包块的问题。2、内分泌紊乱影响女性体内激素分泌失调会影响到身体内各脏器的正常运转,受到影响之后激素分泌紊乱,女性的身体就会出现一系列的问题,特别是会引起卵巢囊肿。除此上述两点之外,造成右侧卵巢囊性包块的原因与遗传有很大的关系,同时不良的生活环境,心情抑郁等都是致病因素,总得来说诱发卵巢囊肿的因素非常多。一旦发现疾病,首先要检查确定病因及程度是最关键的。平时饮食生活中也要多加注意,少吃辛辣刺激性的食物,含激素成分高的食物也要少吃;平时一定要注意个人生理卫生及性成活卫生。
教会法(canon law; ecclesiastical law)泛指整个基督教会(包括罗马天主教、东正教、东方基督教的独立教会以及新教的圣公会和加尔文教等)在不同历史时期所制定和编纂的各种规则和章程,是关于教会本身的组织制度和教徒个人的品德、生活守则的一些宗教规则、章程和法规的总和。 字源 教会法(拉丁文:,英文:),源自希腊文 (kanon),本义为工匠所用规尺,引申为规范、规矩。在教会史上,该词可指正典(即正式认可的《圣经》卷册),或从属某主教座堂的教士名单。该词亦可以用作指称基督徒应遵循的符合信仰的宗教、道德生活,故信徒也以此称呼宗教会议通过的有关法令,后来遂有“教会法”这一专门术语。 历史 从习惯到教令 公元1世纪,基督徒并未为整个教会制定和颁布统一的法规,各个社团都通过习惯、惯例、传统对宗教生活和纠纷进行调整。后来,基督徒开始在福音书和经文里提取规则、规范。一些社团制作了为基督徒生活的方方面面提供指引的“手册”。最早一本是约在公元100年到150年大概由一个叙利亚社团写成的《主的训导》(Didaché)。这本书以希腊文写成,汇总了教会礼仪和纪律等各方面的规章,还可能包含了十二门徒的教导,以及圣餐、礼拜等仪式的问题。在公元3世纪初(约公元218年),据说是由希坡律陀编写了另一部希腊文著作。这本书详细地记录了罗马基督教社团的仪式与实践活动,包括主教、司铎、执事的任职仪式,洗礼的执行。紧随其后,在叙利亚的基督徒社团中又出现了名为《宗徒训诲录》(Didascalia apostolorum)的著作。其作者不详,以古叙利亚语写成。这两部作品在4世纪末成为《》的重要组成部分。后者是在叙利亚编成的当时最完备的教会典章制度文献。 基督教社团进行律法结构化、定制化的契机始于教牧书信(Pastoral Epistles),即《提摩太前书》和《提多书》。这些书信借使徒保罗之名完成,成为早期基督教社团建立规则的媒介。《提多书》的开头描述到保罗起初将提多留在克里特,是为了“要将那没有办完的事都办整齐了”。按照保罗的要求,提多在每个城市委任长老和主教来管理社团。 这样的人被称作“episkopos”,即守护者与监督者的意思。 《提多书》中列举了作为episkopos的条件,包括谦逊、仁慈、节制、温和、谨慎、宽容。 《提摩太前书》中可以获得更多早期基督教社团管理的细节。经文中出现了关于指控神职人员的规范程序的规则:当有两个以上证人时,对长老的控告才可成立。 并且出现了采用公众谴责的方式来惩罚罪人。《新约》的使徒书信是早期教会法规的主要渊源,但它并不适合彻底地作为基督教社团的指导,因为基督教社团已经开始逐步走向复杂,完整的组织结构也开始慢慢形成。而希腊-罗马式的公共集会为早期基督教社团提供了程序上和制度上的模型。教会的集会提供了发展神学学说和制定训诫的平台,并以此收集社团的意见,建立当地社团的规范。这样的一些集会成为了教会管理的组成部分和基督徒解决问题的重要方式。制定教会规范的教会集会几乎同时在东方和西方出现。 据德尔图良的记载,公元3世纪初,以“所有基督徒之名” 召开了决定基督教诸多问题的会议。这次会议的性质存在争议,但可以肯定的是会议对基督教的问题作出了决议,并发布了一些规范。到世纪的下半叶,这样的会议变得愈发平常。到公元4世纪,主教们已经将自己确立为地方教会的管理者。他们也被认可在宗教会议中处理邻近教会问题的角色,并且意识到当面临触及普世教会利益的问题时所承担的责任。无论是东方还是西方,宗教会议都成为了发布有关宗教生活、教会组织的规范的主要媒介。正是在这一时期,被制订出来的规则开始被统称为“canons”。此时宗教会议立法主要关注的是教会的机构组织和神职人员的纪律。最早拥有一套立法性教令的会议于大约公元306年在召开。当君士坦丁大帝在四世纪初登上罗马王座时,基督教会已开始产生公开发布,且在所有基督教社团具有权威性的教令。尽管它的效力有多广我们并不清楚,但它给主教们提供了审理基督徒之间案子可依据的法律。 第一次使得教会教令成为重要规范传统的重大会议于公元314年在东方召开。各个城市的主教在安条克教会的感召下齐聚安西拉的加拉太城。这次会议发布了处理新近教会问题的25条教规。这些教规主要涉及神职人员纪律,转让神职人员的财产,贞洁,与动物的性行为,通奸、谋杀以及巫术。这一些主教们考虑到都是当时与东部教会密切相关的亟待解读的问题,包括随后进行的多次会议,仍旧不是在尝试为整个基督教团体制定全面的规范。在公元315年至319年之间小亚细亚的新恺撒利亚召开另一个重要的会议。同加安西拉会议一样,会上颁布的教规只是不规则地涉及一些具体的主题,如牧师在授职后不得结婚,重婚罪的赎罪,允许孕妇受洗,单个社团的执事不得超过七人。这两次会议从未被认为具有普遍效力,但会议颁布的教规却在东西部都被许多教规合集收录。公元314年,君士坦丁在阿尔勒城以西也召开了大型的宗教会议。出席会议的主教共有33位,还包括一些低级别的牧师,并且是西部首次没有世俗人员参与的宗教会议。这两次会议,可以说是宗教会议的里程碑。以此为标志,非世俗意志成为了唯一合法的教会法规来源。 325年,为解决由阿里乌斯派引发的以“三位一体说”为核心的教义之争,君士坦丁大帝决定召开全帝国范围的宗教会议。会议于六月在距离君士坦丁堡50英里的尼西亚城召开,被称为尼西亚公会议。共有318名主教参加,主要是东部教会的主教,罗马主教并未出席,仅派了两位神甫为代表。会议制定的二十条教令很快变成了基督教教会的通用规范。会议还起草并强制通过了一份关于基督教信仰的解说或者说是决议——《尼西亚信经》。这份阐述“三位一体论”的信经最终成为基督教信仰的基本教义。这些教令建立起与罗马帝国的世俗组织相平行的教会机构。任命主教的规则得以建立,并按帝国行省划分教区,赋予罗马、亚历山大利亚、安条克三个教区的大主教更大的权力,其它由于惯例而取得的主教特权也得以确定下来。大主教是各个行省的领袖,与该行省的主教每年举行两次宗教会议,以决定有关教会纪律的事务。这种会议后来成为了行省的最高宗教法庭。尼西亚公会议上还制定了其它一些规范:宦官不得成为神职人员;皈依者不得迅速提升等级;主教、牧师和执事不得与亲属以外的女性生活;神职人员不得放高利贷。 早期的宗教会议建立起教会管理的典范,一直持续到九世纪末。无论东方还是西方,地区的宗教会议都定期举行。会议解决教会的疑难和争议,发布管理行省事务的教令。在东方,除了众多的地方宗教会议外,截止787年第二次尼西亚公会议,还举行了多次普世性的宗教会议,这些主要的会议被称为七次大公会议。 教令集的涌现 到公元四世纪之前,《旧约》、《新约》、《使徒传统》,正经与伪经,习惯与宗教会议颁布的教规组成了教会法典主要渊源。经历这个世纪后,教父著作与罗马主教书信拥有了效力,成为新的教会法渊源。五世纪罗马教会逐渐接受东部的宗教会议教规。希腊宗教会议的教规有了拉丁译本,迅速地传播开并逐渐具有了权威性。由教宗哲拉修一世(492-496)开始,罗马教廷的立法活动趋向活跃,教皇教令与罗马帝国东部宗教会议的法令被混编在一起,教令的重要性也越发凸显出来。希腊修士狄奧尼修斯·伊希格斯应教皇邀请于496年来到罗马,重新整理翻译了东方教会的教规,编成,《狄奥尼修斯会议法令集》(Collectio-versio Dionysiana canonum conciliorum),又编成384到498年间的教皇教令集,即《狄奥尼修斯教令集》(Collectio decretalium Dionysiana),合成《狄奥尼修斯汇编》(Collectio Dionysiana)。狄奥尼修斯的这些著作使东方教会的教规和教皇教令成为了西方拉丁教会法的基础。 罗马帝国分裂后,教会在各个王国内分散地、独立地发展。各国都产生了自己的教会法规汇编。 意大利《特萨龙尼安集》(Collectio Thessaloniensis 约531年)、《阿维拉那集》(Collectio Avellana 约555年)以及《穆提南集》(Collectio Mutineusia 约601年) 西班牙《西班牙教规集》(Hispana/Collectio Hispana chronlogica/Collectio Isdioriana) 高卢《古代教会法令》(Statuta ecclesiae antique 约485年)、《奎斯奈尔集》以及《昂得加文汇编》(Collectio Andegavetis)——后者是高卢地区第一部系统的教会法汇编 到八世纪中叶,在加洛林王朝的改革运动中,教会法出现了某些统一化的迹象。查理大帝和他的儿子“虔诚者”路易所制定的《简明法条》由修道院院长收集和整理。774年查理大帝从教皇德里安一世接受了增补教皇教令的《狄奥尼修斯汇编》(Collectio Dionysiana)。802年这部《狄奥尼修斯—阿德里安汇编》(Dionysiana —Hadriana)被法兰克教会作为《阿德里安法典》(Codex Hadrianaus)认可和颁布。 850年前后是各种假托教令的出现和风行的时期。其中最著名的是9世纪中叶编订于法国的《伪艾西多尔教令集》,内容庞杂,通过诉诸古老的教皇教令和宗教会议法令,上诉罗马教廷来抑制大主教和贵族对主教区事务的干涉。这也强化了教皇和主教的权力。《伪艾西多尔教令集》在教会法历史上占有特殊地位,是系统地以教会法两大权威——教皇的牧首地位和文献的古旧——来达成政治目标的典范。 同时,重要案件上诉罗马教廷被主张成为通例,倡导司法程序的规范化。所有这些都对当时和后来的教会法文献产生了相当大的影响。 教皇額我略七世在位时期(1073-1085)的改革思想和教会法典籍为教会法古典时代的创新和系统化作了铺垫。这次改革以“教会自由”和“教会纯洁”的口号为号召,力倡教皇独立并高于世俗王权。在教会法领域,主张只有教皇制定或认可的教会法才是有效的;教皇的代表高于地方权力体系之上,并主持地方宗教会议;教职的取得,必须由教会当局加以任命,其他任何任命均属无效;信徒应抵制已婚牧师的服务。重视教会法是改革修士的显著倾向,搜寻和整理教会法典籍、出示具有权威性的法令经常成为说服改革反对派的办法。从11世纪到12世纪中叶,新的教会法汇编大量出现,最终导致教会法成为有效使用经院哲学思辨方法,与复兴的罗马法并列的独立于世俗国家的法律体系。 古典时代与《教会法大全》 1140年-1350年被教会法史学家称为教会法的古典时期,这一时期出现了教会法历史上最伟大的教会法学家格拉提安(约1090~1159)。他在收集整理从前和当时的各种教会法汇编的基础上,出版了划时代的著作:《歧异教规之整合》(Concordia discordantium canonum)即《教会法汇要》。格兰西从上文所述教会法汇编中收录大量教父文献,并引用丰富的《圣经》文句。该书所涉及到所有重要法律事项都考订精审,为后世的教会法学者对教会法典系统化提供了一个基础和范例。 伴随罗马教皇地位的提高,教皇教令成为教会法最具活力的部分。针对宗教活动各个领域的问题,教廷发布了大量教令,引发了一系列新的编纂。1187年到1226年间出现了《教令集五编》(Quinque complilationes antiquae),收录了《教会法汇要》之外的教令。但这五部教令集不仅在内容上有重复,还存在相互冲突的法令。教皇額我略九世(1227-1241年在位)聘请西班牙多米尼克修士、伯伦尼亚大学法学教授佩纳福特的雷蒙德(Raymundus de Penafort)编纂供各地教会统一使用的更加整齐和便于使用的教令集。雷蒙德参照《教会法第一编》的结构,分为教会法渊源和教会等级(iudex),教会法法庭和程序(iudicium),教士和教会财产(clerus),婚姻(connubia),罪与罚(crimen)五卷(liber)。每卷下分标题(titulus),标题下为各条教规(capitulum)。这就是《格利高里九世教令集》(Decretales Gregorii IX)。在格利高里1234年正式颁布该教令集后,它在理论上是罗马天主教会权威的、普世的、唯一的和排他的法律汇编,因此其他的律法书都随之被宣布无效。(事实上格兰西的《教会法汇要》仍然继续在大学和法庭上使用。) 随后,教皇卜尼法斯八世(1295-1303年在位)将格利高里九世以后的教令编成一部新的教令集,作为对五卷《格利高里九世教令集》的补充,故称为《第六书》(Liber sextus)。约翰二十二世(1316-1334年在位)修订教皇克莱孟五世(1305-1314年在位)所编成的教令集,并于1317年颁布,命名为《克莱孟教令集》(Constitutiones Clementae),这本教令集不具备排他性,《第六书》之后发布的教令集即使没有被收录也仍然有效。 为了整理有法律效力但没有被编辑成册的教令,法国教会法学家沙皮伊(Chappuis)编纂了《编外卷》(Extravagantes),收录了约翰二十二世的26条教令;又收录了70条从乌尔班四世(1262-1264年在位)到西斯克特四世(1471-1484年在位)诸位教皇的常用教令,编成《普通编外卷》(Extravagantes communes)。《教会法汇要》、《格利高里九世教令集》、《第六书》、《克莱孟教令集》、《编外卷》,是中世纪教会法典五大经典,1500年首次被集合中一起作为合集印刷出版。 步入中世纪后期,教令的作用逐渐走向衰落。随之宗教改革运动的蓬勃发展,“谁的宗主,谁的宗教”(cujus region,ejus religio)的原则逐渐盛行起来。 罗马教廷面对这样的形势,为改革教会管理方式,强化教会权威,谴责宗教改革运动,于1545-1563年召开了特兰托会议。1564年11月13日,教皇庇护四世公布了根据特兰托公会议制定的《特兰托会议信纲》(Tridentine Profession of Faith)。该信纲包括一系列为整肃教会纪律和道德制定的教规,肯定了中世纪罗马教会的信条和仪式全部正确无误,教皇是最高权威。会议后,1566年教会庇护五世组织了一个由学者和枢机团成员构成的教会法文献修订委员会,亦“罗马修订者”(correctores Romani),对上述五大教会法经典进行勘正;1582年教会額我略十三世批准了他们的校订成果,并以此为基础出版了包含这五部汇编的一套全集,确定为教廷认可的版本。格利高里称之为《教会法大全》,这意味着教会法典法典化已经过程开始了。 此后的相当长时间里,除教皇本笃十四世(1740~1758年在位)做过某些努力外,并没有多少值得注意到官方或个人的教会法汇编和编纂。 《天主教法典》1917与1983 面临19世纪的工业化所带来的一系列问题,中世纪留下来的《教会法大全》以及过去几个世纪的天主教会立法已经不能满足教会的需要。旧的天主教会法体系庞杂,逐渐远离了现实的宗教生活。天主教会开始尝试对教会法进行改革。 1904年3月19日,教宗庇护十世声言要完成对教会法典编纂,随即任命了以加斯帕里为首的16名枢机主教组成了以个委员会。教宗本人自任主席。 1917年,教宗本笃十五世正式颁布了《天主教法典》。该法典共有2414条教规,分五卷(Libri):总则、人法、物法、诉讼法、罪与罚。卷下为编(partes),编下为题(tituli),题下为条(capita),条下为项(articuli)。这是基督教历史上的第一部法典。这部法典不仅适用于天主教会,对于东方教会的法律发展也产生了颇大的影响。 1917年《天主教法典》在很大程度上消除了教会法典混乱状态,教会法庭和教会法教学很快依据法典的规范进行了改革。面对20世纪急剧变化的社会经济政治形势,天主教会不得不制定大量新的规章和法令,形成法典外法令膨胀的局面。1959年教宗若望二十三世宣布对1917《天主教法典》加以全面修订。第二次梵蒂冈大公会议后,修订法典的委员会于1963年3月28日组成。在教宗保祿六世(1963-1978)的敦促下,委员会经历几度修改,于1982年结束修订工作,新法典的文本呈送教宗若望保祿二世。次年1月25日,教宗正式颁布了这部基督教历史上的第二部《天主教法典》,并于11月27日生效。新法典分七卷,“总则”、“天主子民”、“教会训导职”、“教会圣化职”、“教会财产”、“教会刑法”、“诉讼法”,共1752条教规。该法典适应于“整个拉丁教会”,对天主教“东派教会”不适应,后者继承亚历山大、安条克、亚美尼亚、迦勒底和君士坦丁堡的宗教传统,具有特殊的自治地位,同时又承认罗马教宗领导地位。 主要法规文本 Corpus canonum(《教规集成》) Collectio Concilii Carthaginensis XVII(《教规汇编》) Collectio Dionysiana(《狄奥尼修斯汇编》) Decretum Gratiani(《教会法汇要》) Corpus iuris canonici(《教会法大全》) Codex Iuris Canonici《教会法典》 参考文献 延伸閱讀 Baker, J.H. (2002) An Introduction to English Legal History, 4th ed. London : Butterworths, Brundage, James A., The Medieval Origins of the Legal Profession: Canonists, Civilians, and Courts, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, c2008. Brundage, James A., Medieval Canon Law, London ; New York : Longman, 1995. The Episcopal Church (2006) Constitution and Canons, together with the Rules of Order for the Government of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, otherwise known as The Episcopal Church, New York : Church Publishing, Inc. Hartmann, Wilfried and Kenneth Pennington eds. (2008) The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. Hartmann, Wilfried and Kenneth Penningon eds. (2011) The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500, Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. R. C. Mortimer, Western Canon Law, London: A. and C. Black, 1953. Robinson, O.F.,Fergus, T.D. and Gordon, W.M. (2000) European Legal History, 3rd ed., London : Butterworths, 參見 天主教会法 外部連結 天主教 Codex Iuris Canonici (1983) , original text in Latin (the only official text) Code of Canon Law (1983) but with the 1998 modification of canons 750 and 1371, English translation by the Canon Law Society of America , on the Vatican website Code of Canon Law (1983) , English translation by the Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland, assisted by the Canon Law Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Canadian Canon Law Society Codex canonum ecclesiarum orientalium (1990) , original text in Latin "Code of canons of Oriental Churchs" (1990) , defective English translation Codex Iuris Canonici (1917) , original text in Latin Catholic Encyclopedia: Canon Law : outdated, but useful Salvific Law 1983 Code of Canon Law - Notes, Commentary, Articles, Bibliography 英國國教 "Canons of the Church of England" "Ecclesiastical Law Society" 教會法律協會 Canadian Canon Law Society Canon Law India Canon Law Society of America Canon Law Society of Australia and New Zealand Canon Law Society of Great Britain & Ireland Canon Law Society of the Philippines Midwest Canon Law Society (the United States) Sociedade Brasileira de Canonistas 基督教术语 基督教法律
宫外孕手术后拉肚子怎么办?宫外孕手术后拉肚子是手术后胃肠功用降低惹起的消化不良,临床表现为腹痛腹泻等。倡议口服药物治疗,多饮温开水,饮食进油腻易消化食物,防止生冷硬及辛辣等刺激性食物,少量多餐,防止暴饮暴食,勤活动,以免发作肠粘连等,留意保暖,防止着凉特别是腹部。如今手术后,多长时间了,普通状况呈现这种状况大约在手术后一周肠道会逐步恢复正常的。手术以后要留意不要吃太油腻不容易消化的食物。宫外孕手术后的留意事项要视状况而定,假如是激进手术,保存了输卵管,需求定期到医院复查,以免有妊娠物残留,或者是宫外孕以后呈现腐蚀性葡萄胎的状况发作。所以假如是激进治疗,需求定期到医院去复查,以免发作不良结果。切除输卵管的宫外孕手术后,要留意在1个月之内防止性生活,也要到医院去随访,留意病人手术后的普通状况,如腹腔出血或者腹腔粘连、腹痛或者切口问题等。宫外孕手术的争议主要表现在能否保存输卵管的问题上。如无大出血状况,包块较完好,可进行输卵管开窗术,单纯取出妊娠囊,保存输卵管,保存生育功用;如输卵管被明显毁坏,呈现了大出血,患者呈现休克病症,倡议手术切除输卵管,由于强行保存可能招致再次输卵管妊娠的可能。宫外孕常常指的是受精卵着床到子宫腔以外,包括输卵管妊娠、宫颈妊娠、卵巢妊娠、腹腔妊娠,还有子宫瘢痕处的妊娠等。由于宫外孕后输卵管是水肿的,有的还伴有腹腔内大出血、身体虚、抵御力差,输卵管又有炎症,不适合短时间内同房,需求在术后1个月调理好身体才能够同房。假如需求再次怀孕的,倡议术后1个月行输卵管通水检查,假如输卵管通畅的能够怀孕。假如输卵管欠通畅的倡议监测排卵,患侧卵巢排卵的倡议不能怀孕,健侧卵巢排卵的能够怀孕。所以宫外孕手术后需求多休息,多调理身体,待身体完整康复后才干同房,防止感染。
涸河墓群,位于山东省聊城市高唐县涸河乡涸河村,是中华人民共和国山东省文物保护单位之一。 1992年6月12日,授予山东省文物保护单位,是一座古墓葬。 参考 山东省文物保护单位
科拉蒂(Koratty),是印度喀拉拉邦Thrissur县的一个城镇。总人口17463(2001年)。 人口 该地2001年总人口17463人,其中男性8605人,女性8858人;0—6岁人口1751人,其中男900人,女851人;识字率85.10%,其中男性为86.33%,女性为83.90%。 参考 喀拉拉邦城镇
兜蘭屬(学名:),又称拖鞋蘭、仙履蘭,或音譯作芭菲爾鞋蘭,是蘭科下的一個屬。屬名Paphiopedilum來自希臘文Paphia及pedilon(拖鞋)組合而成。paphia是希臘神話中的愛神阿芙蘿黛蒂的一個別名,源自阿芙蘿黛蒂誕生後在愛琴海賽普勒斯(Cyprus)島上的登陸地點帕福斯(Paphos)而來。全屬約有128個物種(含31個天然雜交種),分布於中國大陸南方、印度、東南亞及大洋洲諸島。拖鞋蘭的品种有麻栗坡拖鞋蘭、长瓣拖鞋蘭、虎斑拖鞋蘭、卷萼拖鞋蘭、紫紋拖鞋蘭、同色拖鞋蘭、越南拖鞋蘭等。 生物分類學和系統學 1886年,德國植物學家烏戈·恩斯特海因里希‧輝瑞(Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer,1846~1906)將喜普鞋蘭屬(Cypripedium)中的一群物種分離出來,獨立為一個新屬。它與全北區的親緣屬喜普鞋蘭屬(Cypripedium)曾被認為是同一屬。兜蘭屬在1959年被定為一有效分類單元。 下属物种 本属包括以下物种: 小萼亞屬 Parvisepalum 短瓣亞屬 Brachypetalum 多花亞屬 Polyantha 多花節 Section Polyantha 長瓣節 Section Pardalopetalum 拖鞋蘭亞屬 Paphiopedilum 拖鞋蘭節 Section Paphiopedilum 鬚毛節 Section Barbata 旋瓣亞屬 Cochlopetalum 地位未定 D D D
舌骨骨折的预防和治疗方法?(一)治疗1.对症治疗 舌骨骨折无错位,症状不重者,可行对症治疗。如局部冷敷、发声休息、进食流汁等。2.抗感染治疗。3.手法复位 骨折片错位穿透咽部者,应行手法复位:以2%利多卡因咽部喷雾,作表面麻醉。然后一手手指置于口底,另一手手指置于颈部舌骨处,用手法使骨折片复位。4.舌骨部分切除术 若骨折不能愈合而有症状者,可行舌骨部分切除术。5.气管切开术 凡舌骨骨折有呼吸困难体征者,应早期作气管切开术。(
桂竹香的生态特征是什么??原产南欧,现各地普遍栽培。多年生草本花卉,常作2年生栽培,株高35-50厘米。茎直立,多分枝,基部半木质化。叶互生,披针形,全缘。总状花序顶生,花瓣4枚,具长爪,花色橙黄或黄褐色、两色混杂,有香气。花期4-6月。果实为长角果。同属种约有10种,常见栽培的有七里黄C.alionii,2年生或多年生草本花卉,株高30-40厘米。叶互生,披针形。顶生总状花序,花鲜黄色。花期5月。果实为长角果。耐寒。喜向阳地势、冷凉干燥的气候和排水良好、疏松肥沃的土壤。畏涝忌热,雨水过多生长不良。用播种或扦插繁殖。
TT Technologies is a construction equipment manufacturer producing microtunneling and trenchless products. TTT was founded in 1991, and is based in Aurora, Illinois. The company received an innovative product award from the North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT) in December 2015 for a mini directional drill called the Grundopit K-keyhole. The company has been noted for several innovations in low environmental impact tunneling techniques and technology. In 2015, TTT received the 2015 NASTT innovative product award for their minimally-invasive trenchless steerable microtunnel boring technology. In 2018, TT Technology equipment was used to set a North American record for pipe bursting technology when a -diameter sewer pipe was replaced in an environmentally sensitive area of Maple Ridge, British Columbia with a much larger -diameter pipe, without disturbing the ground surface. References Trenchless technology Subterranean excavating equipment companies
人流后宫颈管积液是什么意思?宫颈管积液是一种属于宫颈类型的妇科疾病,宫颈管积液的发生会导致女性患者产生一些比较严重的不适症状,甚至还会影响到女性患者朋友的生殖生育,因此女性朋友一定要重视宫颈管积液的发生,在发生相关症状的时候一定要及时进行识别,尽早进行治疗。现如今的女性朋友所需要面对的妇科疾病非常多种多样,几乎每一个女性朋友都会受到妇科疾病的困扰,而且在近几年各种妇科疾病的发病率正呈现出了逐年上升的趋势,这样代表了患有妇科疾病的人群数量越来越庞大,因此女性朋友一定要重视自己的健康,对一些妇科疾病有一定的了解,本文主要就是帮助大家了解宫颈管积液这种妇科疾病。宫颈管积液是一种宫颈疾病,很多女性朋友都会出现宫颈黏连的情况,宫颈管之所以会发生黏连主要是因为宫颈管部位受到了损伤,而这种损伤就会导致宫颈管发生狭窄或者是闭锁的症状,因此就会导致宫颈管积液的发生,宫颈管积液的发生对女性患者朋友的伤害绝对不可小觑,会影响到女性朋友的生育生育,因此我们一定要重视。宫颈管积液这个妇科疾病的发生会导致女性患者朋友产生一些比较严重的不适症状,这种异常的不适症状主要包括腹部疼痛、痛经、月经不调,甚至还会引发不孕症的产生。其中腹部疼痛主要是患者的下腹部会产生疼痛,而月经不调的主要表现就是在月经期间出现月经量过多或者是月经次数增多的表现,有些患者在月经会随着月经的来临而产生严重的痛经症状,越接近月经来临的时机,所产生的疼痛感就会更严重。女性朋友可以通过这些相关的介绍了解宫颈管积液这种妇科疾病,而且在发生宫颈管积液之后一定要做到早发现早治疗的治疗原则,因此宫颈管积液所造成的危害比较严重,不及时的治疗会导致患者承受更多严重的痛苦和伤害。
Kale-i Sultaniye (formerly Kal'a-i Sultaniye) or Çimenlik Castle is a castle which was built on the Asian shore of the Dardanelles in Turkey in 1452. Today, it is used as a museum. History The castle was erected on the Asian side of the Dardanelles in 1452, during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror. Directly opposite the castle, on the European side of the Bosphorus, there is Kilitbahir Castle. The fortress was equipped with 30 cannons, and the 1,250-meter width of the Bosphorus was taken into gun range. The castle was strengthened in 1551 by Suleiman the Magnificent. It was partially renewed during the Cretan War with Venice, and completely renovated during the Napoleonic Wars by Selim III. Kale-i Sultaniye played a key role in the defense of the Dardanelles until World War I. The seaside walls were rebuilt in the late 19th century as a row of gun emplacements rather than a fortified wall. For this reason, the fort became the target of British and French ships in 1915. The artillery shell that was dropped from the British battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth on March 18, 1915 remained unexploded in the 2-meter hole it opened in the northern fortification wall, and is still where it fell. Today it serves as a museum. In the castle garden and park area, cannons used by different nations in attacks against the Dardanelles throughout history are exhibited. Structure of the castle Outer walls Çimenlik Castle consists of two parts, the outer walls and the inner castle. The outer walls are 11 meters high, 8 meters wide in places, built on a simple rectangular plan of 100 by 150 meters, and there are 9 bastions on the walls. Castle courtyard In the garden, there is a gunpowder mill and two mosques built during the reigns of Fatih and Abdülaziz and named after them. Inner castle The walls of the inner castle, measuring 42 by 48 meters, are 9.5 meters wide, reaching a height of 25 meters. The first floor of this three-story castle was made from concrete 4 meters above the ground level of the inner courtyard, while the upper two floors were wooden. Footnotes Some websites and individuals contest the fact that the castle was built in 1462, but more reliable book sources state it as 1452. The dimensions of the castle vary on the websites, this article's information is based on more reliable book sources. References Ottoman palaces
The 1998 Worcester City Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Worcester City Council in Worcestershire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council. After the election, the composition of the council was: Labour 22 Conservative 10 Liberal Democrat 2 Independent 2 Background Before the election the council had 22 Labour, 9 Conservative, 3 Liberal Democrat and 1 independent members with 1 seat vacant. 13 seats were for up for election with the expectation before the election that no change in control of the council was likely. The run up to the election saw controversy over the mayor Margaret Layland who had admitted to having an affair with her chauffeur. She was suspended by the Labour party but refused to stand down. Her husband Colin Layland, also a councillor, was suspended as well leading to him standing as an independent in St John ward and being opposed by an official Labour party candidate. Election result The results saw Labour hold on to their majority on the council after winning 8 of the 13 seats contested. The Conservatives won 3 seats, while the Liberal Democrats and Independents won 1 each. Colin Layland was defeated in St John ward by the Labour candidate. References 1998 English local elections 1998 1990s in Worcestershire
路易十四(,),或稱路易大帝(le Grand)和太陽王()是1643年-1715年間在位的法国國王,在位長達72年110天,是有确切记录的在位最久主权国家君主。 路易十四是法国国王路易十三的长子,出生于法国圣日耳曼昂莱。登基之初由他的母亲奥地利的安妮和枢密院首席大臣首席大臣儒勒·马萨林攝政,直到1661年儒勒·马萨林死后,方才亲政。作為君權神授的支持者,路易十四繼續加強王國的中央集權,建立一個以凡爾賽為核心的集權國家,一舉使法國成為歐洲霸權。並向地方封建貴族宣稱“朕即國家”,並把他們集中在凡爾賽宮居住,将整个法国的官僚机构集中于他的周围,以此強化法国国王的军事、财政和机构的決策權。他在法国天主教會下推行宗教統一,排斥並鎮壓胡格諾派教徒。 在路易十四統治時期,法國是當時歐洲的絕對霸權。並在周遭國家發動許多戰爭,其中包括在法荷戰爭、大同盟戰爭和西班牙王位繼承戰爭三次對抗圍剿法國的聯盟,嘗試將國土擴展至歷代法國推崇的「天然疆界」。他任內法國湧現出大量軍事與政治人才,包括蒂雷納子爵、大孔代亲王、卢森堡公爵和维拉尔公爵等偉大名將,以及柯爾貝爾 、沃邦和盧福瓦侯爵等名臣。這些軍事與政治人才使法蘭西王國成為當時歐洲最富裕和強大的國家,並打造了世界第一強大的陸軍部隊和海軍艦隊,締造法蘭西輝煌時期的不敗神話。其中法蘭西王國的陸軍常備軍在巔峰時期達四十萬,與其他歐洲列強常備軍總和相當,這些軍隊裝備了大量的燧發槍和中世紀早期卡賓槍使法蘭西陸軍無往不利。法國在經歷三十年戰爭與法西戰爭的洗禮後的海軍實力在他掌權初期僅不到20艘軍艦。他下令在法國建立大型造船廠,修建和建立海港,提升法國的海軍實力。使法國在1683年擁有276艘戰艦,成為當時能夠與英荷兩國海軍總和抗衡的第一海上強國。通過他在位初期精明的政治手段與先代的努力締造出法蘭西王權時代最為輝煌、強盛的黃金時代。路易十四於1715年去世,留給後代一個深陷財政危機,但仍手握霸權的國度。 生平 幼年苦難 幼年继位 路易十四於1638年9月5日出生於法国圣日耳曼昂莱。1643年5月14日,父親路易十三因病去世,4岁半的路易十四继承王位,由母后奥地利的安娜攝政,枢密院首席大臣紅衣主教朱爾·馬薩林辅政。路易登基初期,因為新教國家與天主教國家不合導致的三十年戰爭,使全歐洲處於混亂與廢墟中。1636年-1637年西班牙進攻法國,法軍獲勝。1648年,三十年戰爭平息,民窮財盡、瀕臨崩潰的雙方:哈布斯堡王室和法國、瑞典以及神聖羅馬帝國內布蘭登堡-普魯士、薩克森、巴伐利亞等德意志諸侯,簽訂了《西發利亞和約》。 投石党运动 但是法国又发生了一次巨大的暴乱(巴黎為首的投石党,1648年-1653年),它主要是针对首席大臣馬薩林的政策。因為年幼的路易在暴亂中兩次逃出巴黎,很可能对小路易造成深遠的影響。他决定永不允许这样的暴乱重现,並對巴黎留下沉重的負面印象,開始計劃在未來定居於凡爾賽宮。 1648年投石黨爆發之時,因為法國仍與西班牙作戰(1635-1659年),陷入嚴重的內憂外患當中。法國國力嚴重削弱,而叛亂之後,法國的國力短時間仍難以恢復。此事件不但造成社會的大混亂,且因為稅收大減,軍力從十五萬人衰退到五萬多人。 法西战争 現代歷史學者保羅·甘迺迪形容法西戰爭:「在1648年《西發里亞合约》以後的法、西11年戰爭中,兩個對手就像被打得昏頭昏腦的拳擊手一樣,在幾乎耗盡體力的情況下,互相緊緊地抓住對方,而不能將另一方打倒。雙方都遭受國內叛亂、普遍貧困化和厭戰情緒的折磨,也都處於財政崩潰的邊緣。」一直到1658年的沙丘戰役,法國才徹底擊敗西班牙,簽訂《比利牛斯條約》確認勝利,西班牙將阿圖瓦和魯西永割讓給法國,並承諾在隔年將西班牙王室公主玛丽-泰蕾莎嫁給路易十四,但玛丽-泰蕾莎公主不得繼承西班牙王位;法國重新朝稱霸歐洲的方向邁進,且埋下了1667-1668年「遗产战争」的伏筆。 执政生涯 亲政 1661年枢密院首席大臣馬薩林病逝,死前密矚路易十四要親自掌權、不再任命首席大臣;於是24歲的青年國王,宣布親政,並把自認為是馬薩林繼承人的重臣尼古拉斯·富凱給解職(理由是貪腐收賄)。 绝对王权 他一天工作八小時以上,以無比的熱誠與精神治理國家,很快就成為全歐洲最優秀的英明君王,創立有史以來無與倫比的絕對君主制。藉由天才宣教士雅克-貝尼涅·博須埃主教(又譯博旭哀,)積極宣傳君權神授與絕對君主制,以及路易自身的努力,他徹底馴服法國貴族與教會主教,並重用有非凡才幹的中產階級(布爾喬亞),為他打理分工越趨精細的國家事務,當中最優秀的人才是财政大臣柯尔贝(見後述);而能幹的皮埃爾·塞吉埃(1588-1672年)則是負責外交與法院事務,對法國早期的外交成就貢獻卓著。 因為路易在1666年,任命盧福瓦侯爵(Louvois,1641-1691年,貴族出身)擔任法國的国防大臣。嚴厲能幹的盧福瓦,替路易十四大刀闊斧地整頓軍備、訓練將士;在他54年的親政時期,法国参加了五次重要战争:1667年至1668年的遗产战争,1672年至1678年的法荷战争,1683年至1684年的重盟战争,1688年至1697年的大同盟戰爭,以及1702年至1713年的西班牙王位繼承戰爭,促使貴族服從中央並進化成優秀的軍官。前兩次戰爭因為法國戰勝,獲得豐碩的戰果;後兩次大戰法國一和一勝。 一位義大利的化學家向路易十四兜售細菌生化武器,路易十四拒絕這項計劃,並每年付給他薪水以免這項武器外流。 1674年法国政府从一个私人企业手中买下了马提尼克岛。 路易十四生前擴大了法国的疆域,使其成為當時欧洲最强大的国家和文化中心。17和18世纪裡,法语是歐洲外交和上流社会的通用语言。18世纪的俄罗斯上層贵族说法语的比说俄语的多。但隨著啟蒙運動的推廣,法國人的民主意識因為戰爭與人民越來越多的言論而越來越強。 经济发展 從1660年代開始,路易十四的财政大臣柯爾貝爾(或譯柯尔贝,1661-1683年主持法國財政與經濟建設),以消除贪污和整顿官僚机构的方法来提高法国的税收,獲得巨大的成效。他讓政府介入民間生展,督促產業技術的進步與制定細則,使得民間工商業配合國家軍事的擴張而蓬勃發展、利潤激增。但隨著經濟在18世紀的持續發展,这些被奉為圭臬的原則,越來越无法滿足人民的經濟與民生需求(違背自由放任的原則),這時柯爾貝爾早已在1683年過世了。因此總體來說,柯爾貝爾確實是個天才的財經專家,他推行先進的重商主義,重設法國的東、西印度公司,使法國的殖民與商貿大幅擴展,並讓國內的經濟飛躍性成長(是17世紀成長速度最快的22年),提供路易十四建立霸業的雄厚根基。 透過大量的戰爭和宮廷支出,路易十四促進了商業的發展和貨幣的流通。他統治的晚期(1685-1715年)估計法國稅收的一半用在凡爾賽宮的支出中;同時許多錢財消失在官僚機構的貪污中,不復1680年代以前柯爾貝爾主政下的廉潔有效。 当时法国的税收有商业税()、盐税()和土地税()。当时法国的税收制度,规定贵族和教士不必纳税,因此沉重的税务负担就完全落到农民和正在兴起的中产阶级(市民)身上了。1789年法国大革命的原因之一,就是不斷富裕的中產階級,对法国不公平税收制度的发泄。 1683年,柯爾貝爾死後,路易十四推翻他所維持的宗教與外交政策,於1685年迫害法國的新教結盟宗(胡格諾派)信徒,使法國的工商業蒙受重大損失、經濟成長瞬間遲緩,一口氣讓柯爾貝爾的心血喪失近半;之後路易又在1688年後,悍然與西歐各強國兩度大戰(大同盟戰爭與西班牙王位繼承戰爭),飆升的戰費與海上劫掠使法國的工商業全毀、經濟崩潰,導致柯爾貝爾一生的事業盡付東流。 兴建凡尔赛宫 凡爾賽宮的建造是路易十四集中政治權力的策略之一。路易十四完成了黎塞留和馬薩林為建立一個中央集權、專制的民族國家之努力。他將貴族們變成宮廷內的成員,解除他們作為地方長官的權利,藉此削弱貴族的力量,為此他建造凡爾賽宮。1682年5月6日,路易十四搬進這座位於巴黎城郊的巨大宮殿。宮廷的規矩迫使貴族們為了治裝費用而付出巨款,他們從早到晚都得待在宮殿裡參加舞會、宴席和其他慶祝活動。據說路易十四記憶驚人,當他進入大廳後一眼就可以看出誰在場或缺席,因此每個希望得寵於國王的貴族必須每天在場。路易十四讓這些貴族們沉溺於博取國王的寵幸,沒有時間管理地方問題,他們就漸漸喪失統治地方的權力了。 《黑人法典》 1685年路易十四頒布了“黑人法典”()這部法典為柯爾貝所起草,允许在法国貴族所有殖民地僱用黑人幫傭做工,但明文禁止販賣奴隸,禁止拆散夫妻和強行使父母同幼年的子女分離。這部法典有利於法國殖民地的黑人,這些人從來沒有享受過人權。 《枫丹白露敕令》 路易十四認為,要獲得無上的權力,就必須統一法國的宗教信仰,即禁止宗教自由。所以他對新教信徒,尤其是流行於法國的結盟宗(先王亨利四世原本是結盟宗信徒,為了登基,才勉強改信天主教)施加壓力。尤其以1685年的楓丹白露敕令為甚。在熱誠的天主教徒——戰爭部長盧福瓦侯爵與大主教博須埃等人的鼓動下,他因此推翻了亨利四世於1598年對新教寬容的南特敕令。敕令下達後結盟宗的教堂被摧毀,新教的學校被關閉,多數結盟宗的信徒被迫改宗天主教。路易十四這個命令,迫使不願改宗的二十多萬結盟宗信眾移居國外,他們各自移居荷蘭、普魯士、英國、北歐和北美。許多歷史學家認為這是一個致命錯誤,因為這些逃亡者中許多人是技巧優秀的手工業者,結果結盟宗信眾的工藝也跟著他們一起流亡到了國外。這些移民為他們抵達的國家帶來了巨大的財富。但是對路易十四和法國虔誠的大主教們來說,一個統一的法國就應該是一個天主教的法國;而且事實上,強迫結盟宗信眾改宗的政策,獲得法國多數天主教徒的狂熱支持(天主教徒占人口的九成多),大多數法國人認為,打擊「異端」的結盟宗信眾,是源於上天的指令。 与中国的交流 路易十四在位及親政期间,正逢中国康熙帝时期。当时欧洲兴起中国热,而康熙帝也对西洋科学产生兴趣。1686年,路易十四派遣了一支科学团經海路前往中国。同时也派遣一支传教团,希望借道俄国,前往中国;传教团中有一封路易十四致康熙帝的信。但是由于俄国彼得一世拒绝借道,所以康熙帝并没有收到这封信。现在这封信收藏在法国外交部。而走海路的科学团最终于1688年抵达北京,受到康熙帝的接见。 1684年,路易还在凡尔赛宫接待了中国耶稣会士沈福宗,此外,路易的图书管理员和翻译,黄·阿卡迪奥,也是中国人。 法荷戰爭(1672年-1678年) 路易大帝 因為1678年法荷战争的輝煌勝利,1680年路易十四接受巴黎市政會獻上的「大帝」(Le Grand)尊號,獲得「路易大帝」的頭銜,成為歐洲名副其實的霸主。但同一時間,他終生的死敵——荷蘭執政威廉三世也積極在外交上合縱連橫,醞釀打擊路易十四的霸權。 欧洲霸主 由於对遗产战争中叛变的荷兰心有余悸,路易十四于1672年发动了复仇性的「法荷戰爭」。路易藉由此戰重創荷蘭、名震全歐,不但造成荷蘭的「災難年」,更打響「太陽王」的名號,受到國內外的景仰,路易十四在1678年法荷戰爭大勝後,推行更大的擴軍計畫,數年後,其海陸兩軍冠絕整個歐洲,「太陽王」的金光壟罩全歐。因此1680年代的路易十四,決定繼續對外征服,以完成在歐洲徹底稱霸的夢想。但路易十四在1685年廢除南特詔令、迫害國內結盟宗信徒的政策,卻激起了歐洲新教國家的廣泛敵意,嚴重破壞其外交成果,譬如原來的盟友普魯士與瑞典,就疏遠了法國並舉戈相向。由於法國在1678年法荷戰爭拿下的輝煌勝利,1680年路易十四接受巴黎市政會獻上的「大帝」(le grand)尊號,獲得「路易大帝」的頭銜,成為歐洲名副其實的霸主。 反法同盟的形成 但同一時間,他終生的死敵——荷蘭執政威廉三世也積極在外交上合縱連橫,醞釀打擊路易十四的霸權。此時法國的強鄰神聖羅馬帝國正在與鄂圖曼土耳其作戰,路易十四決定藉此時機,在德意志地區擴張其影響力。奧地利哈布斯堡王朝的皇帝利奧波德一世察覺到路易的意圖,於是在威廉三世的號召與牽線下,於1686年7月9日組成奧格斯堡同盟(1689年英國加入後,改稱「大同盟」),希望能阻止路易在德意志擴張。 大同盟戰爭(1688-1697) 開戰與戰局擴大 可是路易十四卻在1688年9月,乘哈布斯堡王朝剛在東面戰勝土耳其,西面兵力薄弱之機,先發制人地侵略德意志,展開對哈布斯堡王朝的速戰計劃,「大同盟戰爭」正式開啟。10月,法軍攻佔普法尔茨,並於次年徹底毀滅這個地區。哈布斯堡皇帝只得在東方以部份兵力牽制著土耳其,並分兵西線,勉力對付法國,使法軍來回蹂躪德意志西部。 荷蘭執政威廉三世在1688年的光榮革命後,當上英國國王,並使英國在1689年加入奧格斯堡同盟,升高大同盟戰爭的等級。這是路易十四繼1685年迫害結盟宗之後的另一次外交大挫敗(原本英國在1670年後外交上一直相當於法國的附庸),從此路易面對英-荷-奧的三強聯盟,注定他最後統一全歐野心消亡的命運。 光榮革命對法國影響更深遠的是,英國的反法情緒從此飆高不下,在1689-1815年發生英法第二次百年戰爭,1815年的滑鐵盧之役,當拿破崙的軍隊即將擊敗英軍時,普魯士軍隊前來增援,而拿破崙的增援軍隊失約而被普軍打敗,英國就把拿破崙終身監禁,於19世紀初被英國奪走歐洲第一強的寶座。(1815年戰後,大英帝國正式成為世界頂峰的日不落帝國) 因為大同盟的結成,法國速戰取勝的計劃遇到阻礙,並且被迫在事前無作持久作戰準備的情況下打了一場長達九年的大型戰爭。在歐洲大陸,這場戰爭以持久戰為主,並且以圍攻較多,而重要戰役則較少,雙方亦未曾發生決定戰事局勢的大決戰。陸戰主要戰場在低地國家如荷蘭,次要戰場則在義大利和西班牙。1695年1月,路易十四最重要的將軍之一,在法荷戰爭與這場大同盟戰爭裡戰功彪炳的元帥盧森堡公爵去世,使法國開始保不住大同盟戰爭初期陸戰的優勢(然而路易十四從來沒有信任過盧森堡公爵,因為盧森堡公爵在投石運動中曾反叛過路易十四)。在1692年的拉和岬海戰(battle of la Hogue),擴建後的英荷艦隊打敗新興的法國海軍(由海軍上將圖爾維爾指揮),取得制海權的優勢,法國只好用海盜行動還擊,取得制海權的勢力均衡。由於所有參戰國都因這場持久戰而使其自身的經濟負擔加重,因此戰事趨向和解,但法國仍是歐洲最強的霸權。 暫時的和平 當時法國農業在1694年底的大寒災中受到巨大打擊,數十萬甚至可能百萬人以上凍餓而死;富裕的荷蘭也被迫向趁機抬價的德意志諸國購買昂貴的穀物,英國的反戰情緒也不斷升高,使得反戰的托利黨被選為新的國會多數派。於是在1697年,厭戰的兩方簽訂《賴斯韋克和約》(Treaty of Ryswick),結束大同盟戰爭。法國降低對荷蘭的關稅;法國為討好西班牙而名義上歸還1679年以後佔領的多數領土,如薩伏依、德意志的洛林與盧森堡(但幾年後路易十四的孫子腓力五世對西班牙王位的佔領,法國實質上已佔有整個西班牙);同時路易十四承認威廉三世為合法的英王(取消對詹姆斯二世的支持),認可他歐洲第二強大的君王地位。 西班牙王位繼承戰爭(1701-1714) 戰爭起因 曾經在16世紀時稱霸歐洲的西班牙王国在「三十年戰爭」後漸漸衰落,而歐洲新興的君主制列強,如英國、法國、荷蘭等均對西班牙的領土虎視眈眈。而戰爭的起端就在於西班牙哈布斯堡王朝在查理二世死後絕嗣,而查理二世死前,在群臣力薦和羅馬教宗的誘導之下,於遺囑宣明傳位外甥安茹公爵腓力,亦即路易十四的次孙,等於是法國外交的巨大勝利,波旁王朝獲得廣大的西班牙帝國。這引起了奧地利哈布斯堡王室的不滿,他們認為西班牙的王位應該由同是哈布斯堡王室的奥地利大公查理(即後來的皇帝查理六世)繼承,因此他們積極尋找同盟,以期對法宣戰,並奪回西班牙的王位。而英、荷等海上強權震驚於勢力均衡被法國破壞,很快在1701年與奧地利簽訂反法盟約。 這場戰爭敵對雙方各自與友好國家結成同盟,形成了兩派陣營。法國與西班牙、巴伐利亞、科隆及數個德意志邦國、薩伏依、葡萄牙組成同盟;而神聖羅馬帝國(當時為奧地利哈布斯堡王室所控制)則與英國、荷蘭、勃蘭登堡、漢諾威以及多數德意志小邦國及大部份義大利城邦組成新的反法「大同盟」(1703年,薩伏依及葡萄牙倒戈加入反法同盟)。1702年5月大同盟正式對法國宣戰,「西班牙王位繼承戰爭」正式開打。 戰爭過程 戰爭剛開始是法國占得絕對的優勝。但在1702年10月23日,法國與西班牙少數艦隊在維哥灣海戰裡被英荷聯合的多數艦隊殲滅後,戰情開始急轉直下,出現一波波對法國不利的負面戰果。首先,高度依賴海貿的薩伏依、葡萄牙兩國,見識到英荷海軍的威力後,於1703年倒戈加入反法同盟;1704年,英國海軍攻佔了西班牙南面的直布羅陀,西班牙本土受到威脅;該年8月13日,大同盟軍在歐根親王和约翰·丘吉尔(馬爾博羅公爵)統率下,集中兵力,在豪什塔特附近攻破法巴聯軍(布倫漢姆戰役),巴伐利亞的防線崩潰,大同盟軍占領巴伐利亞全境,使法巴聯軍退出戰爭。根據溫斯頓·邱吉爾的描述:「路易十四不能理解,他的優良軍隊不但戰敗,而且滅亡了,從此,他考慮的已經不是怎樣統一歐洲,而是如何體面地結束這場由他挑起的戰爭」。雖有人說布倫漢姆戰役打破1643年路易十四在位以來法軍的不敗神話,但由於布倫漢姆戰役的軍力形勢數據出現不同的記載,真實情況存疑,而且法巴聯軍只是退出戰爭,沒有戰敗或滅亡,所以路易十四不能理解,加上法巴聯軍不全是法軍,而這些戰役又不是太陽王親自上戰場主導的。根據存疑的有限記載,布倫漢姆戰役的兩方士兵都是5.6万人,但英軍元帥约翰·丘吉尔俘虜了法軍元帥,以致1.4万法軍士兵不能參戰;最後大同盟聯軍1.2万傷亡,法巴聯軍2万傷亡,相差7千多,於是约翰·丘吉尔就成了史上最偉大著名的英軍元帥、太陽王的最大剋星。 因為反法盟軍拒絕和解,因此戰事繼續發展,受布倫漢姆戰役影響心理,1706年氣衰的法軍在拉米利地區被氣盛的反法盟軍的约翰·丘吉尔所敗,當時形勢對法軍極為不利。經過1706-1709年來回拉鋸戰之後,1709年雙方部隊在馬爾普拉凱戰役最後決戰,太陽王的維拉爾元帅指挥9万法國军隊單挑約翰·丘吉爾和欧根亲王指挥的荷-英-奧三強國的11.7万联军,荷英奧联军伤亡3万人,法军伤亡1.4万人,法軍可說是取得了重大的戰略性勝利,慘烈巨大的重創傷亡使英國國內掀起反約翰·丘吉爾的浪潮、以致於反法盟軍內部震驚恐懼而開始出現議和的意見,那次戰爭主要是與查理六世爭奪西班牙王位,最後約瑟夫的羅馬王位由查理六世繼承,破壞了反法同盟的勢力均衡而被逼支持法國繼承西班牙王位,因此在1713年法國與除奧國外的反法同盟各國簽訂了《烏得勒支和約》,而在1714年,不肯簽約的奧國欧根亲王(英國约翰·丘吉尔最佳拍檔)敗於法國元帥维拉尔(德南戰役)。克洛德·路易·赫克托爾·德·維拉爾这位元帅是当时法军中唯一未被約翰·丘吉爾等人击败过的。 影響 法國最終成了西班牙王位繼承的最大贏家,因為西班牙王位最後被波旁王朝的腓力五世繼承,法國從此消除被哈布斯堡王朝兩面夾攻的憂慮,並且得到未來極為有力的西班牙作為盟友,大大擴展法國在歐洲的影響力。《烏得勒支和約》規定奧地利和薩伏依瓜分西班牙帝國的歐陸飛地,同時法國與西班牙名義上不可合併。然而法軍也在戰爭中損失慘重:海军几乎全灭,陆军同样残破,只剩全盛時的三分之一,不過路易十四的霸權並未瓦解。與此同時,寒冷的天災(1709年的大寒害)與飆升的戰費拖垮了法國的經濟,飢民大量死亡更造成社會瀕臨崩潰,法國人口可能從1670年代的2100萬左右,下降到1712年的不足1900萬。雖然路易十四仍然保留了法國身為歐洲第一強國的地位,但當苛刻的《烏得勒支和約》公布後,法國人對結果強烈失望,使得路易十四原本的偉大形象與超高人氣,在晚年喪失;人民不再把国王比作太陽,「路易大帝」的稱號從此消失在當時法國人的言論與記憶中。 去世 1715年9月1日上午8点15分,路易十四崩逝於巴黎凡爾賽宮內,享壽七十七歲,結束了長達七十二年的統治。 頭銜 蒙上帝恩典,法國與納瓦爾,普羅旺斯、福卡爾基耶和鄰近的土地的伯爵,維埃納的王儲,瓦朗斯和迪瓦的伯爵。 后世影响 在法國,路易十四因為他使法國強大而受到尊敬,他將法國國力和文化推向王權社會的頂峰,當時的社會歐洲貴族以學習法語為傲,路易十四最偉大的成就不在於戰爭,而是在於他處於的時代是法國王權時代最為輝煌的時代。他將先代打下的牢固基礎完成偉大成就。將法國的影響力擴張到空前龐大,同時重視中產階級,任用他們為之效力。以精明的政治手段與對國事的勤勞工作的環境下在其與先代君主為法國留下的優勢,帶領法蘭西成為第一強國。路易十四與科爾貝爾創建的《路易法典》完善了法國自查理七世以來的法律條文。 《民事訴訟法》(1667年)、《水與森林法》(1660年)、《刑事訴訟法》(1670年)、《商法》(1673年)和《海商法》(1681年)等法律相繼出現。該法典一直到路易十六時期被推翻。儘管如此路易法典仍然對大革命後規劃的六法奠定基礎,甚至部分法律規定被重新完善後編入拿破崙民法典。但他的無計量的戰爭使法國的國家經濟破產,他不得不逐漸加強對農民的稅收要求。法國歷史學家亞歷西斯·德·托克維爾認為,這個重稅以及他對貴族的削權和沒有政治權力的市民階層對政策的不滿是導致1789年發生法國大革命的政治、社會和經濟原因。自法國大革命後法蘭西人民對這位高度集權和將法蘭西陷入困境的君王恨之入骨。但自法蘭西動亂以後,第五共和國開始對這位國王進行重新研究和反思。他是一位具有爭議的國王,支持派與反對派仍然存在。但是大多數的法國人民已經認可了這位為了締造法蘭西而不惜毀滅法蘭西的君主。 后世评价 宫廷女官莫特维尔夫人评价表示,在公正、仁厚、宽大、自律、严明方面,当代与历代所有的君王都赶不上路易十四;法国贵族学者圣西门伯爵则认为,路易的性情是温和谨慎的,行动与言语都极有节制;包含伏尔泰在内的批評者,把路易十四的晚年错误归咎于驕傲自大,認為他對權勢與榮耀的喜好,導致法國社會的貧困與災難;杜克洛描述:「許多市民在他的靈柩經過時,甚至認為不值得去侮辱一番」。民眾並不感念路易十四,認為「路易十四把法國變成了大型濟貧院」。 同時代德意志的新教哲學家萊布尼茲評論他:「有史以來最偉大的國王之一」;後來的文學家歌德称赞說:「他是自然造就的帝王中的完美样本,但是這樣做,卻使他自身耗竭,且毀掉了模子」;反對波旁王朝的拿破仑,讚美說:「路易十四是一位伟大的国王,是他造就了法国在国际中的一流地位,自查理曼以来又有哪位君王能够与他相比?」(暗示只有自己可與查理曼和路易十四相比);19世紀的英国史学家阿克顿勋爵则认为,他是现代国王中最有能力的一位;最後連伏尔泰也頌揚他的統治是一個「永遠值得懷念的時代」(偉大的時代)。 家庭与后代 路易十四的诞生被視為一項奇蹟,並被命名為“天賜路易”(Louis Dieudonné),因他的父母结婚23年都未生育子女,且其母在1619至1631期間曾有過4次死產。他五歲時(1643年)登基為王。1660年,22歲的路易与西班牙公主瑪莉·泰瑞莎结婚。 在與泰瑞莎成婚前,路易十四已經往來過不少其他女士了,就從獨眼女郎波維夫人開始。波維夫人在芳齡一十八時勾引他,她是他母親寢宮的首席女僕,據信是該家政部門的資深人員。他也和马萨林主教其中一名年輕姪女奧兰普·曼奇尼約會。 1661年,法國國王路易十四下令在巴黎創辦全世界第一所皇家舞蹈學校,並親自參加演出,先後在26部大型芭蕾中擔任主角。他於13歲首次登臺演出,30歲時因身材過胖而退出舞臺。他曾經演出羅馬神話中的太陽神「阿波羅」,而被後世尊稱「太陽王」。這個時期宮庭組織了三位藝術大師-呂利、莫裏哀和博尚專門負責芭蕾藝術的創作和演出,同時確立了芭蕾的5個基本腳位、12個手位和一些舞步,皆以法文命名之,使芭蕾動作有了一套完整的動作體系。 1679年,路易十四發現與他十分要好的一位情婦蒙提斯斑女侯爵()在1666年至1668年期間就開始利用巫術舉行黑色彌撒,用嬰兒當祭物的作法,妄图贏得國王的愛,驅使國王娶她。巫術被揭發之後,她與國王的關係旋宣告結束。去請女巫拉·瓦辛作法的仕女不計其數,被偵訊的就有218人。當時蒙提斯斑女侯爵將做法後的藥物加在國王的餐飲裡面,以致國王早上起床就會頭痛,此後蒙提斯斑女侯爵被要求接受宗教感化。 1683年,當皇后瑪莉·泰瑞莎死後,1685年至1686年間他又與奧比尼()家族之女-弗朗索瓦絲·德·奧比尼()秘密結婚。她是一個虔誠的女人,國王因為小孩須要人照顧而願意娶她。國王冊赐给她曼特農()的領地,並封她為曼特農女侯爵。但是路易十四主要的目的只是要利用這些入宮的仕女開眼界,同時增加她們的學識與機會,所以所生子女多是私生子。 路易十四與他的王后有三男三女,但除了王太子長大成人以外,其余都早夭。路易比他的子女、两名孫子和兩名曾孫在世时间更长。他死后,他唯一还在世的曾孫路易十五於1715年继承王位。此外他有16個經承認的養子女,但他和庶妻無子女。 長子:路易王太子 = 巴伐利亞的瑪麗亞·安娜·維多利亞,皇太子妃 長孫:路易王太孫,勃艮第公爵 = 曾孫: 曾孫:路易王太曾孫,布列塔尼公爵 曾孫:路易十五 次孫:菲利普,西班牙國王,安茹公爵 三孫:查爾斯,貝里公爵 長女: 次女: 三女: 次子: 三子: 相關作品 小說 大仲馬的《二十年後》及《布拉熱洛納子爵》() 電影 ()(1966),由羅伯托·羅塞里尼執導 鐵面人()(1998) -{zh-cn:巴黎春梦;zh-tw:慾望巴黎;zh-hk:烈愛灼身;}- ()(2000) ()(2000) ()(2015) ()(2016) 連續劇 ()(2015-2018) 雕塑 路易十四胸像,由義大利藝術家貝爾尼尼創作 参考文献 脚注 書籍 製作路易十四 作者:彼得‧柏克() 出版社:麥田 出版日期:20050530 ISBN:9867252349 路易十四時代() 作者:伏爾泰/著 譯者:吳模信,沈懷潔,梁守鏘 出版社:台灣商務 出版日期:20010528 ISBN:970517107 路易十四 作者:謝南() 譯者:李寧怡 出版社:麥田 書系:世界史文庫 出版日期:19991121 ISBN:9577089135 與國王作愛:500年性與權力的交歡() 作者:伊蓮娜‧荷曼譯者:鍾清瑜 出版社:先覺 出版日期:20050930 巴黎的宏伟构想-路易十四所开创的世界之都 作者:三宅理一/著 譯者:薛翊岚,钱毅 出版社:清華大学出版社 出版日期:2013-07-01 ISBN 978-7302311492 外部链接 康熙與路易十四科學國策比較 《路易十四時代》(全文)--伏爾泰著 凡尔赛宫:17世纪的法国王宫 Louis XIV The Sun King CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA--Louis XIV LOUIS XIV(1638 - 1715) WEBSHOTS--Louis XIV(Pictures) King Louis XIV RIJKSMUSEUM(objects)--Louis XIV of France Louis XIV le Grand dit le Roi Soleil-L'Histoire en Ligne Collection about Louis XIV in RIJK Museum 參見 在位时间最长的君主列表 法国军事史 第二次百年战争 |- 法国君主 安道爾大公 巴塞罗那伯爵 法国波旁王朝 法国王太子 死於壞疽的人 路易十四
盐酸布比卡因注射液药理作用?为酰胺类长效局部麻醉药,其麻醉时间比盐酸利多卡因长2~3倍,弥散度与盐酸利多卡因相仿。对循环和呼吸的影响较小,对组织无剌激性,不产生高铁血红蛋白,常用量对心血管功能无影响,用量大时可致血压下降,心率减慢。对?-受体有明显的阻断作用。无明显的快速耐受性。母体的药物血浓度为胎儿药物血浓度的4倍。
中国人民解放军西藏军区(英文:The Tibet Military District),其前身为中国人民解放军第十八军,1952年2月10日成立,机关驻地拉萨市,辖区位于中国人民解放军西部战区,隶属中国人民解放军陆军总部领导。 西藏军区主要负责西藏自治区(阿里地区除外)野战部队、边防部队与民兵预备役部队的训练与行政管理,战时或军事行动时将纳入中国人民解放军西部战区的指挥体系。 沿革 西藏军区前身为中国人民解放军第十八军,1952年1月18日,以十八军军部组建西藏军区司令部,张国华任首任司令员。 十八军 1949年2月18日,根据中共中央军委关于统一全军编制及部队番号的命令,豫皖苏军区部队、第一纵队第二十旅在河南省鹿邑县五台庙合编为中国人民解放军第十八军(第一纵队大部组成第十六军),隶属第二野战军第五兵团。张国华任军长,谭冠三任政治委员,昌炳桂任副军长,王幼平任副政治委员,陈明义任参谋长,郭影秋任政治部主任。全军共2.7万余人。4~5月,第18军参加渡江战役。后归第四野战军指挥,先后配属第4、第12兵团参加湘赣战役、衡宝战役等。10月下旬归建。11月初向西南进军,由湘西入黔,而后北上四川,参加成都战役。其间,王其梅任副政治委员,刘振国任政治部主任。 此时,18军的驻地是当时颇为富庶的川南,全军上下许多士兵和干部均已经开始考虑在当地安家置业,已经不想再继续打仗。1949年12月,中央军委指示18军进军西藏,全军震动,普通士兵中出现逃兵(有的班逃得只剩班长),很多干部则是假装生病不愿回到工作岗位或是找借口调出18军。为解决当时18军内这种避战情绪,军长张国华以身作则,亲自背着3岁的女儿行军,最终该女因肺炎逝世,被18军视为“进藏牺牲第一兵”。 1950年1月,第18军正式开始执行进军西藏的任务,进行了昌都战役,进驻拉萨。12月,中共中央、中央军委决定以第18军组建西藏军区,归西南军区领导。1952年3月17日,第18军改为西藏军区,第18军番号撤销。 西藏军区成立 1951年10月,以入藏的中国人民解放军第十八军为基础开始组建西藏軍區。期间,围绕西藏军区的藏族副司令员人选,西藏工委张经武、张国华和谭冠三等与噶厦反复磋商达数月之久,终于在1952年1月11日确定人选为阿沛·阿旺晋美和朵噶·彭措饶杰。 1952年1月18日,中央人民政府人民革命军事委员会正式批准了西藏军区领导人的任命。即:司令员张国华,第一副司令员阿沛·阿旺晋美、第二副司令员朵噶·彭措饶杰(即饶噶夏)、第三副司令员昌炳桂,政治委员谭冠三,副政治委员范明、王其梅,参谋长李觉,政治部主任刘振国,后方部队司令员兼政治委员陈明义。 1952年2月10日,西藏军区正式成立,属二级边防军区,下设司令部、政治部、后勤部和干部管理部,驻西藏拉萨。当天,在拉萨河畔孜仲林卡举行了成立大会。2月11日,在布达拉宫前广场举行成立庆祝大会,会上向藏军司令凯墨·索南旺堆及藏军一、二、四、六代本授予中华人民共和国国旗。 1955年5月1日,原隶属于西南军区的西藏军区改编为大军区。 1959年,西藏军区部队在兰州军区55师、成都军区130师的支援下鎮壓了藏区骚乱。 1962年,西藏军区部队在成都军区54军和130师支援下在中印边界西段对印度军展开自卫还击作战,使印军退败。 1968年12月,西藏军区调整为正军级单位,但軍政主官為副大軍區級,划归成都军区。 进入21世纪之后,随着青藏铁路的竣工以及滇藏铁路和川藏铁路的建设,人民解放军在西藏地区的兵力快速投射能力大大提高。2008年,西藏军区直属摩托化步兵第五十四团改编为机械化步兵团,是中国军事史上首次给驻藏武装力量装备坦克。 2016年,在深化国防和军队改革中,西藏军区整编升格为副战区级单位,并划归中国人民解放军陆军领导机构直接领导。 编制 职能部门 参谋部 政治工作部 后勤保障部 …… 军分区(警备区)机关 拉萨警备区 日喀则军分区 山南军分区 林芝军分区 昌都军分区 那曲军分区 直属单位 中国人民解放军西藏军区总医院 中国人民解放军陆军第十二综合训练基地 中国人民解放军西藏军区文工团 中国人民解放军陆军青藏兵站部 汽车运输第二旅 中国人民解放军陆军川藏兵站部 汽车运输第三旅 …… 直属部队 合成第五十二旅(山地摩托化合成部队) 合成第五十三旅(高机动车辆机械化合成部队,主要装备CSK181) 合成第五十四旅(履带式装甲合成部队,主要装备ZTQ15+ZBD04A) 特战第八十五旅 陆航第八十五旅(主要装备Mi171+Z10+Z8G+Z20等) 炮兵第八十五旅 防空第八十五旅 工化第八十五旅 侦察情报第七旅 电子对抗第七旅 汽车运输第五旅 西藏军区通信团 边防第三五一团(西藏林芝察隅) 边防第三五二团(西藏林芝墨脱背崩) 边防第三五三团(西藏林芝米林县南伊村) 边防第三五四团(西藏山南隆子) 边防第三五五团(西藏山南错那) 边防第三五六团(西藏日喀则亚东) 边防第三五七团(西藏日喀则定日) 边防第三五八团(西藏日喀则萨嘎) 历任领导 司令员 张国华 中将(1952年2月-1968年7月) 曾雍雅(1968年7月-1970年11月) 陈明义(1970年11月-1973年11月) 郄晋武(1973年11月-1978年5月) 张贵荣(1978年5月-1983年8月) 姜洪泉 少将(1983年8月-1992年9月) 周文碧 少将(1992年9月-1996年9月) 蒙进喜 中将(1996年9月-2004年8月) 董贵山 中将(2004年8月-2008年7月) 舒玉泰 少将(2008年7月-2009年12月) 杨金山 少将(2009年12月-2013年7月) 许 勇 中将(2013年7月-2019年12月) 汪海江 中将(2019年12月-2021年4月) 王 凯 中将(2021年4月-) 副司令员 土旦赤列(2016一7月一) 張建剛(?一2016一11月) 董贵山 金毅明 刘永康 李素芝 邱型柏 汪海江 王亢 王诚汉 余致泉 呷玛泽登 和志光 邝德旺 郄晋武 政治委员 谭冠三 中将(1952年2月-1967年6月) 张经武 中将(1958年11月-1965年8月,第一政委) 任 荣 少将(1969年1月-1980年3月,1971年3月起为第一政委) 孙玉山(1973年12月-1983年5月) 阴法唐 中将(1980年3月-1985年6月,第一政委) 王心前(1983年5月-1985年8月) 伍精华(1985年6月-1987年10月) 张少松 少将(1985年9月-1990年6月) 耿全礼 少将(1990年6月-1993年2月) 胡永柱 少将(1993年2月-2000年6月) 段禄定 中将(2000年8月-2007年6月) 王增钵 中将(2007年6月-2010年7月) 郎友良 中将(2010年7月-2012年12月) 刁国新 中将(2012年12月-2016年8月) 王建武 中将(2016年8月-2017年12月) 张学杰 中将(2018年5月-2021年12月) 尹红星 中将(2021年12月-) 副政治委员 李传恩 參謀長 趙宗岐(1998一) 副參謀長 張建剛(2016一11月一) 趙宗岐 荣誉 曾被授予荣誉称号的单位有: 西南第一哨:西藏军区边防第三五六团乃堆拉哨所 云中哨所:西藏军区边防第三五六团二营五连詹娘舍哨所 爱国奉献模范营:西藏军区边防第二营 高原红色边防队:西藏军区边防第二营查果拉哨所 墨脱戍边模范营:西藏军区边防第三营 注释 参考文献 外部链接 西藏军区 西藏解放史 西藏军区成立大会照片 参见 西藏军区大院、中国人民解放军西藏军区总医院 中国人民解放军陆军:中国人民解放军新疆军区:中国人民解放军南疆军区:中国人民解放军阿里军分区 中国人民解放军西部战区:中国人民解放军西部战区空军:中国人民解放军空军拉萨基地 中国人民武装警察部队西藏自治区总队、西藏自治区出入境边防检查总站 中国人民解放军陆军直属单位 中国人民解放军陆军副战区级单位 中国人民解放军省级军区 - 中国人民解放军驻拉萨单位 中国人民解放军驻西藏单位 1955年建立的军事组织
比通又译庇东、毕栋(印尼语:Bitung)是印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛上的一个城市,隶属于北苏拉威西省,位于米纳哈萨半岛东北海岸,面朝伦贝海峡及伦贝岛。2010年普查数据显示,比通市共有187,932人,从人口上看是北苏拉威西省的第二大城市和整个苏拉威西岛第六大城市。比通港的海运使得城市得以快速发展,比通亦是一座工业城市,以水产业、农产品加工(尤其是椰子类产品)、药品制造、进出口和物流等行业为主。比通的许多居民来自桑义赫群岛,因此比通与桑义赫地区的文化较为类似。宗教上,比通市内大部分居民信仰新教,新教徒占总人口的62.95%,其次是信仰伊斯兰教的穆斯林占32.32%。 历史 “比通”(Bitung)这个名字来自生长在苏拉威西岛北部的一种树,即滨玉蕊(Butun)。由于比通港外围有伦贝岛保护,港口处不会出现太大的海浪,许多渔民和商船选择比通港作为他们的靠泊地,比通也因此得以快速发展。1942年万鸦老战役后比通被日军占领,印尼独立后成为北苏拉威西省下米纳哈萨县的一部分。根据印尼政府1975年第4号政府条例,比通被赋予行政市地位。1990年8月15日,印尼政府颁布当年第7号政府条例,比通从行政市升格为建制市,从米纳哈萨县分出,下辖三个区,即北比通区、中比通区和南比通区。2014年成为印尼在北苏拉威西省设立的一个经济特区。 地理 比通市位于苏拉威西岛米纳哈萨半岛的东北角,西北陆距省首府万鸦老43.5公里,三面临海,行政区域从杜阿苏达拉(Dua Sudara)山脚下延伸至海上的伦贝岛,北米纳哈萨县与比通市西部的边界穿过克拉巴火山,通科科火山位于市境东部。北米纳哈萨县是唯一与比通市陆地接壤的印尼次级行政区,从伦贝岛向东125公里处则是位于马鲁古海中北马鲁古省特尔纳特市管辖的马尤岛。通科科-巴图安加斯山自然保护区是距离比通一小时车程的低地雨林区,因黑猴、、苏岛袋猫、等动物而闻名。 根据柯本气候分类法,比通属热带雨林气候(Af)。比通的年均气温为25.7℃,均温最热月是5月,月均气温为26.3℃;均温最冷月是11月,月均气温25.1℃。比通的年均降雨量为2880.4㎜,平均每年共有174.2天降雨,1月是月均降雨最多的月份,月均降雨量达401.3㎜,月均21.3天降雨;8月是平均降雨量最少月,月均降雨仅129.5㎜,而平均降雨天数最少月则是9月,平均整月仅9.4天降雨。虽然比通属热带气候,一年中也会有少量天数出现降霜(下表“降雪量”即为降霜)。 行政区划 比通市(印尼语:Kota Bitung)是北苏拉威西省下辖的一个次级行政区,市下设8个区(kecamatan),市政府位于马埃萨区(印尼语:Kecamatan Maesa)。各区2010年普查的人口: 交通 比通连接外界的道路主要有两条:向西的万鸦老-比通公路(Jalan Manado-Bitung)和向北的利库庞-比通公路(Jalan Likupang-Bitung)。2015年万鸦老至比通的高速公路“万鸦老-比通收费公路”开工建设,总长39.9公里,耗资6.7兆印尼盾,将在2018年竣工,由、中国建筑工程总公司等企业承建。 起点位于望加锡的跨苏拉威西铁路未来规划将跨过苏拉威西岛西部和北部,经过比通最后延伸到万鸦老,目前仅望加锡至巴里巴里段在建。 比通港是比通经济特区的重要组成部分,是印尼东部地区远洋以及跨太平洋地区转运商业利益的国际枢纽海港,码头最大可靠6万载重吨的船舶,将被规划成为印尼最大的渔港,2014年被印尼贸易部列为进口饮食品、成衣和电子产品的目的港。2017年4月28日,比通开通至菲律宾达沃的直航滚装船轮渡服务,两座城市间的海上行程从五周缩短至三天。 比通附近没有机场,搭乘飞机需前往距离38公里外省首府万鸦老的萨姆·拉图兰吉国际机场。 经济特区 2014年印尼总统苏西洛·班邦·尤多约诺通过当年第32号政府条例,把比通定为经济特区。比通经济特区占地2000公顷,跨比通市和北米纳哈萨县两个行政区。印尼政府表示将鼓励并全力支持外界对经济特区的投资,税务优惠包括免税期、免税额、免除进口税、免除增值税和印花税。比通经济特区的发展重点集中在农用工业、海洋渔业以及物流业,印尼贸易副部长表示其将发展成基于物流和分销的工业服务中心。经济特区尚在开发中,2015年初中国路桥工程有限责任公司与印尼北苏省签署了比通经济特区的合作备忘录。印尼总统佐科·维多多认为比通经济特区将能成为推动经济发展的动力,而比通港也将成为印尼北部最重要的门户。 注释 资料来源 B 北苏拉威西省 1990年印尼建立
MV Swanland was a bulk carrier. The ship was built by Bijlsma Lemmer Scheepswerf of Lemmer in the Netherlands in 1977. Originally named Carebeka IX, she was renamed several times. The vessel was last owned and operated as Swanland by Torbulk, a company based in Grimsby, and was registered in the Cook Islands as a flag of convenience. She was 266 feet long and 46 feet wide with a draft of 11 feet, and displaced 2,180 tons. In 2010, she narrowly avoided grounding off Lizard Point, Cornwall, after her engines failed and she had to be taken in tow by the emergency tow vessel Anglian Princess and towed into Falmouth. Swanland sank in a gale force 8 storm in the Irish Sea 10 miles off the Lleyn Peninsula, Gwynedd at approximately 0200 on Sunday 27 November 2011. She was carrying limestone from Raynes Jetty near Colwyn Bay to Cowes on the Isle of Wight. The search and rescue mission was co-ordinated by Holyhead Coastguard and involved RNLI lifeboats from Pwllheli, Abersoch, Trearddur Bay and Porthdinllaen, RAF Sea King search and rescue helicopters of No. 22 Squadron RAF flying out of RAF Valley and Royal Marines Barracks, Chivenor, A Royal Navy Sea King from 771 Naval Air Squadron based at RNAS Culdrose, Irish Naval Service patrol ship LÉ Róisín and an Irish Air Corps Casa maritime patrol aircraft, and Irish Coast Guard helicopters from Dublin, Waterford and Sligo, and other ships in the area – MT Bro Gazelle, MT Monsoon and MT Keewhit. Two of the Russian crew were rescued during the sinking with Prince William taking part in the rescue mission. A third crewman was later found dead during a search for survivors. The rescued crew described how a large wave broke the ship's back. On 11 December 2011 the BBC reported that Swanland had been subject to repeated safety concerns due to unsafe loading and unloading practices that may have placed stress on the hull. The Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) conducted an inquiry into the sinking and published its report in June 2013 References External links Shipwrecks UK Website 1977 ships Bulk carriers Maritime incidents in 2011 Shipwrecks in the Irish Sea November 2011 events in Europe
黑色素瘤转移的症状是什么?黑色素瘤最佳的治疗方法是手术的治疗,手术后可以选择放化疗以及生物免疫的治疗方法,中药的治疗等,黑色素瘤复发的可能性是比较高的,治疗后0到3年恢复期内是肿瘤复发、转移的高峰期,可以加强此时期的康复调养。黑色素瘤指有恶性变化的色素斑痣,是由交界痣或混合痣性质的痣发展而来。虽然不一定由斑痣恶变,但是慢性刺激和不恰当的治疗对斑痣转变成黑色素瘤有很大的关系。足跟为好发部位,头颈及四肢次之,大部分病例转移至区域淋巴结,也可血道转移。临床诊断依据色素变化和临床症状以及整块标本活检。最好治疗方法是手术切除。黑色素瘤是起源于能制造黑色素的细胞的恶性肿瘤。表现为黑痣突然出现或迅速长大,色泽不断加深,四周出现彗星状小瘤或色素环,局部发生疼痛、感染、溃疡或出血,出现肿大的淋巴结。肿瘤好发于下肢,其次是头、颈、上肢、眼、指甲下和阴唇等处。早期即能由淋巴道和血行转移至肝、脑、骨、黏膜等处。发病与黑痣有密切关系。经常受摩擦的手掌、足底和眼部的黑痣以及位于表皮和真皮交界处的黑痣容易恶变,被认为是黑色素瘤的前驱期。大多数黑色素瘤是原发性的,累及成人和儿童,特别是那些有神经皮肤症状的儿童。脑膜孤立性黑色素瘤发生的位置与良性黑色素细胞瘤相同,大多数位于后颅窝脑膜和颈部脊膜。临床上,患者表现为颅内高压,或因脊髓受肿物压迫出现相应神经症状。黑色素瘤扩散症状有以下五种;颜色出现杂色,边缘像锯齿状参差不齐,表面粗糙,伴有鳞形的片状脱屑,局部渗血渗液,周围皮肤出现水肿,或丧失原有皮肤光泽,变成白色、灰色和身体感觉瘙痒或者是疼痛,产生灼痛或压痛。在日常生活中不能吃一些具有刺激性的食物,在饮食上应该多吃一些,对于身体代谢有帮助的,而且建议饮食清淡,尽量在食物中减少油腻的东西,并且多喝热水有助于病情的控制,在平时应该多注意休息,不让病情得到恶化。
大邱廣域市(),簡稱大邱,是位於韓國東南部的廣域市。截至2021年12月人口約2,412,642人,面積883.70平方公里。 大邱是个工業城市,主要工业包括纺织、冶金和机械。由于地理位置优越,历史上大邱曾是朝鲜半岛的南部商业中心(首尔是中部中心;平壤是北部中心)。大邱盛产高-{zh-cn:质量; zh-tw:品質}-的苹果和甜瓜,因此得名“苹果城”,除此之外,还有“纺织城”、“时装城”的美称。 大邱舉辦了2002年韓日世界盃足球賽、2003年夏季世界大學生運動會、2011年世界田徑錦標賽、2013年世界能源大會、2015年世界水論壇大會及2017世界室內田徑錦標賽等多項大型國際活動,使大邱躍升為國際城市。 大邱廣域市的象徵 象徵與標誌 大邱市的标志是三角形與橢圓的基本圖形構成的,象征圍繞大邱的「八公山與洛東江」的图形。表達出追求展望未來的進取性與世界的開放性,是充滿著活力的形象。 大邱市的吉祥物是「Fashiony」,其形象体现了韓國傳統飛天像花紋的美感与发展为21世紀國際性纖維時裝城的期望。 大邱市的品牌标志以「多采、多樣」的色彩來象徵陽光、美麗、富饒,活力的大邱,也期許將來大邱更多樣的發展。 历史 古代弁辰24国当中的一国,有完达伐城。达城公园内目前还有完达伐城的遗迹。 根據在大邱達西區月城洞的舊石器時代遺址裡所所挖掘出的遺物,可以推測出從一至兩萬年前,大邱就有人居住的事實。大邱的古稱則分別有多伐(),達伐(), 達弗城(), 達句伐(), 達句火()及大丘()。其中則以達句伐和大丘最為人所知。 新罗时期,大邱分为威化郡和达句火县两部分。757年(景德王16年),威化郡改为寿昌郡,达句火县改为大邱县。高丽初期,大邱地区被分成寿城郡、大邱县和解颜县三部分。在1018年(显宗9年)的郡县改编过程中,寿城郡和解颜县被划为东京(今庆州)的下属郡、县,大邱县则被编入京山府的14个县中。 朝鲜王朝成立后,大邱依托肥沃的平原大地成为朝鲜的农业中心,人口不断增加,发展成为大邑。1394年(太祖3年),大邱县归属于寿城县和解颜县,1419年(世宗1年),升格为大邱郡,1466年(世祖12年)设为都护府。1601年(宣祖34年),朝鲜在大邱设庆尚道监营,大邱成为岭南地区的中心。 1945年光復以後,大邱人口急增,而成長為大城市。 1949年地方自治法实行后,大邱升格为市,1950年6月25日朝鮮戰爭時,以洛東江為防衛戰的最後堡壘城市,並且同年8月17日之前被定為大韓民國臨時首都。1963年开始实行区制,分成中区、东区、西区、南区和北区5个区,1980年又新增寿城区。1981年,大邱市升级为直辖市,达城郡的月背邑、公山面、漆谷郡的漆谷邑,以及庆山郡的安心邑被划入大邱。1995年1月,大邱直辖市升级为广域市。 2023年7月,在大邱慶北統合新機場計劃下,慶尚北道軍威郡編入大邱市管轄。 市級地位變遷 地理 大邱广域市位于韩国庆尚北道南部中央地带,东邻庆山市,西临漆谷郡,南是达城郡,北接军威郡和永川市,面积885.71平方公里,人口超254万。 大邱是内陆盆地,南北两侧被高山环绕。北部山区以八公山为主轴,以东南的醮礼峰(636米)为起点,经北面的环城山(809米)到印峰(891米),向西北达到主峰八公山(1192米)。南部山区以新川支流为界,分为西部的琵瑟山块和东部的龙祭山块两部分。琵瑟山块主峰琵瑟山高1084米,此外还有最顶山(915米)、青龙山(793米)、山城山(653米)、前山(659米)、龙头山等山峰。龙祭山块主峰是龙祭峰(634米),此外还有大德山(598米)和屏风山(576米)。大邱盆地有琴湖江和新川两条河流。琴湖江从盆地中部由东向西流入洛东江,新川从八条领向北与琴湖江合流。 气候 大邱广域市属大陆性气候,冷热温差很大。2002年年平均气温14.14摄氏度,其中1月份平均温度为-2.3摄氏度,8月份平均气温24.9摄氏度。大邱夏季高温炎热,8月平均最高气温达31.2摄氏度。1942年8月1日,大邱创下40摄氏度的韩国最高气温纪录。大邱雨水较少,年降水量为1,030毫米,湿度也低(66%)。 行政區域 大邱分成7区和2郡。截至2021年12月,全市共有2,435,587人、1,077,151戶。 经济 大邱广域市各的产业在经济中的比重分别为:服务业71.9%,矿业制造业19.6%,建设业7.3%,农林漁业1.2%。 大邱的主要工业包括纺织、冶金和机械。大邱的西部和北部布满了各种工业厂房。2008年,韩国政府已将大邱及其周边地区划为大邱庆尚自由经济区,主要发展知识产业和制造业。 由于优越的地理位置,历史上大邱曾是朝鲜半岛的南部商业中心(首尔是中部中心;平壤是北部中心)。昔日一些大的市场比如西门市场目前在大邱依然繁荣依旧。大邱也曾是韩国续首尔和釜山之后的第三大经济城市。但是随着大邱支柱产业纺织业的衰落,大邱的经济地位也在下滑。2003年以来,大邱的人口也开始出现负增长。为了应对下滑的经济,当地政府已经开始在大邱打造时装业。 大邱属亚热带气候是韩国比较温暖的地区。这种气候造就了大邱高-{zh-cn:质量; zh-tw:品質}-的苹果和甜瓜。果业也是大邱经济重要的一部分。 2019年大邱市的地區內生產總值為57兆961億韓幣,佔全國的3.0%。人均所得上升到2,395萬韓元。 产業 農業 1995年達城郡與大邱市進行耕地整合之後,大邱市的農業比重增加。截止到2020年,大邱的農林漁業人口數量為約31,000人。 位於洛東江和錦湖江之間的達城郡是主要的大米生產地。目前郊區農業與乳酪業的比重正不斷增加中。 商業 大邱自古作為交通要衝與嶺南地區的中心地就已經十分發達,在朝鮮時代時,全韓三大市場之一的西門市場與藥令市已聞名在外。 截止至2021年,大邱市內共有7個大型百貨商場,18個大型超市,6個購物中心,146個市場,1個綜合流通園地。 工業 大邱是韓國內部地區的重要工業城市,以纖維、冶金、機械領域見長。過去纖維產業佔總產業規模的一半,而這個趨勢現在還持續增長。截至到2020年,大邱市內纖維工廠以4,627個的數量壓倒性的多於1,585個的機械冶金工廠數。 未來尖端產業 大邱為了成為韓國的未來尖端醫療先導城市、未來型汽車先導城市、物聯智能的智慧城市、清潔能源國際環保城市,持續不斷的著力在以上領域的發展。 未來型汽車產業 大邱市在未來型汽車產業領域通過電動商用車生產工廠的建設與投資維持,大同工業與雷諾三星成功的通過合作研發了1噸級電動商用車並且確定投產。無人駕駛汽車試運行園地也在大邱成立,包括普及電動汽車與完善充電設施等領域也充分發揮著未來型汽車先導城市的作用。 智慧城市 大邱正致力於發展"大邱式智慧城市”,如今,大邱吸引現代機器人‧安川電機(日本)‧KUKA(德國)等跨國機器人企業,建設機器人產業及群來˙發展成為機器人產業開發的聖地。 並且,與SK電訊、三星電子聯手構建IOT(物聯網)測試台(測試系統)和全國最早IOT專用網,躍為第四次產業革命的先鋒。 尖端醫療產業 大邱市的醫療產業截止到2018年共有國家級機關15個,醫療企業130個,提供了共4300個職位機會,共吸引了25000名醫療觀光客前來,正向著醫療之城大步邁進。尖端醫療綜合園區也是持續的向高標準高要求的國際化水準前進,通過擴大醫療產業的投入,來使大邱成為世界聞名的醫療之城。 新能源領域 為了達成全市在2030年以前新能源普及率達到20%及能源消耗量減少15%的目標,大邱市正努力前進著。 Test-bed項目建設與資源分散化、能源效能最大化及地區能源產業再教育等項目上,大邱市也在積極推進中。 时装业 20世纪90年代以来,大邱一直致力于在其纺织业和服装加工业的基础上打造时装产业,把大邱打造成“时装之都”。每年或每半年大邱就会举办时装展览会。一个时装新城正在大邱的东北部建设中,其目标是建成东亚的时装枢纽。 交通 巴士與地鐵是大邱的主要交通方式。前往大邱的話可以利用航空、鐵路、巴士等方式。 道路 亞洲1號高速公路穿過大邱,貫穿連接全國的7個高速公路路線及5個國土路線以放射狀連接市區:新川大道、 前山循環道路、新川洞等城市高速公路。 計程車 铁路 大邱是韩国内陆铁路的中心。韩国的主要铁路京釜线途径于此。东大邱站是大邱最大的火车站也是续首尔站之后的韩国第二大火车站,其火车运量是韩国最大的。 2004年东大邱站经过扩建后可以运营包括韩国高铁在内的各种列车机型。大邱的市中心还有个大邱站,是韩国第10大火车站。 大邱线与京釜线的交接处是佳川站。 大邱圈廣域鐵路:2018年4月龜尾~慶山區間開工,預計2020年通車。第2,3階段將會鏈接密陽到金泉,並且西大邱站將會建設成綜合換乘中心,KTX也將通車。 地铁 大邱都市鐵道由大邱都市鐵道公社營運,自1997年通車,迄今擁有3條路線及91個車站。還有在計劃建立EXCO、循環線都市鐵道。 1號線:安心-舌化椧谷 2號線:汶陽 -嶺南大學 3號線:漆谷慶大醫院-龍地 巴士 大邱的巴士线路由3个数字构成,每个数字代表着运营的地区。比如407路巴士是4区、0区和7区的线路。其它的巴士一般是环线的。 長途巴士:大邱有兩個高速巴士車站與五個長途巴士車站,有通往韓國各地的客車。 市內巴士(대구광역시 버스노선 안내 시스템) 航空 大邱國際機場位於大邱東區(공항로 221)。1961年,首先作為國內機場開放,並於1996年成為國際機場,開通了前往大阪的國際航班。 與大邱空軍基地(K-2)相互共享跑道等一部分的設施。可以說大邱國際機場是一個與韓國空軍與駐韓美軍共用飛行跑道的軍民兩用機場,目前主要運營韓國國內航班與亞洲地區的國際航班。 大邱國際機場的直航城市目前有飛往台灣台北的航線,以及日本的東京,大阪、福岡並且還有飛往大中華地區的上海、威海、延吉、張家界航線。此外,大邱機場在東南亞地區也是有直航班機,其中包括卡利博、宿霧、曼谷、峴港、河內和芽庄航線。在此之外,還有在大版轉機再飛往關島的班機。地處韓國國土中心區域的大邱國際機場可以通過東大邱站連接全國各地,是該地區十分重要的對外聯絡窗口。距離慶山、永川等大邱周邊城市的車程大約為30分鐘。距離釜山廣域市只需40分鐘高鐵,距離韓國首都首爾也只需1小時40分鐘。 以2019年為基準,大邱國際機場主要國際飛行路線有台北、峴港、上海等航線。日本則有飛往東京、大阪及福岡等航線。東南亞地區則有曼谷、峴港、宿霧等航線。在此之 外,還有飛往關島的班機。 文化觀光 慶典 大邱的代表慶典有:大邱色彩繽紛節,大邱國際歌劇節,炸雞啤酒節及大邱國際音樂劇節。 大邱色彩繽紛節是在每年5月在大邱廣域市舉辦的代表性市民慶典,是展示各種文化藝術體驗活動及華麗遊行的大邱著名慶典之一。 被聯合國教科文組織選為「音樂創意城市」的大邱,從2006年開始便每年在大邱舉辦韓國唯一的音樂劇慶典”國際音樂劇節(DIMF)”,並透過此慶典與大邱市民及全世界一起享受音樂劇文化。 大邱炸雞啤酒節是以大邱代表的炸雞與啤酒為主題的慶典,每年都吸引100萬名遊客參與,除了能享用炸雞、啤酒之外還有許多體驗空間及活動。 大邱國際歌劇節是在大邱Opera House落成之際,同時成功地舉辦了2003大邱歌劇節。之後在每年的9~10月份左右,便會以歌劇為主題展開長達1個月的大邱歌劇節,活用當地的音樂性與文化特徵發展成與其他城市不同的慶典。 主要觀光地 大邱塔西邊的頭流公園(面積1,653,965㎡)有頭流山、聖堂池和開展豐富多彩的展示活動與表演的‘大邱文化藝術會館’。多功能運動場、游泳場、足球場、網球場、棒球場、單排滑輪賽場等眾多市民體育設施和2.28紀念塔、人物銅身、雕刻公園等具有像徵紀念意義的空間,以及成為大邱地方觀光根據地的觀光信息中心、舉行表演和節目的露天音樂堂都是仲夏夜的最受人歡迎的修養地。 八公山上的冠佛岩是大邱最著名的景点。冠佛的石头帽子很有名。韩国各地的游客都大邱拜见冠佛。从行政区划上讲冠佛岩位于庆尚北道庆山市。 大邱北郊的桐华寺始建于新罗时期。许多新罗文物在此被发现。大邱城郊还有供人们修生养性的道東書院、鹿洞書院等。 大邱周边还有海印寺,寺内藏有高丽八万大藏经,被联合国教科文组织指定为世界遗产。 83塔:在游乐设施与展示主题空间共存的欧式城市公园中,不论男女老少都可以尽情享受。经过正门广场便可以见到雨伞光路、星光阶梯及浪漫花园等拍照区。一入夜,在83塔展望台便能欣赏到五彩缤纷的E-World夜景及360度无死角的大邱夜景。在星光庆典期间,可以享受到更加华丽的夜晚。 前山瞭望台被评价为城市与自然、历史与未来共存的代表建筑物。因为可以瞭望大邱市区,所以成为大邱受人瞩目的旅游景点之一。除了是个吸引很多游客的知名景点以外,前山瞭望台也是生活在大邱的市民们提供切身体会大邱市演变的教育场所。在大谷乘坐缆车可到达瞭望台(需要15分钟),也可在安地郎由登山路步行到瞭望台(需要一个小时)。 可以在水边散步和欣赏喷泉表演和夜景的寿城游园区。 寿城池和从凡勿洞龙池峰开始,一路绵延至西北部的缓丘交相辉映的景象十分美丽。 。夜晚映照在水面上的灯光,闪闪发光,映入眼帘。 1986年被指定为达城郡郡立公园的琵琶山。 春天,高处约30万平方的山间开满金达莱,景色壮观。每年4~5月都会举办杜鹃花庆典,秋天实有枫叶和芒草,冬天的冰花园更是颇为有名。公园内有许多寺庙等文化财产。 近代胡同是从青罗山丘开始一直到斯威策教士住宅(传教博物馆)、查尼斯教士住宅(医学博物馆)、布莱尔教士住宅(教育和历史博物馆)、大邱第一教会、三一运动之路、桂山圣堂的一条体验韩国近代史的大邱特别观光景点。 八公山缆车因为坡度陡、缆绳长度较长,所以在欣赏风景的同时,还给人像是搭乘游乐器材的刺激感。缆车的终站位于新林峰的山顶,这里与毘卢峰山顶的祭天坛、东边的冠峰(笠岩)大佛齐名,是祈福的代表性圣地。缆车的终站与祭天坛和大邱世界杯竞技场呈一直线,整个地势像是凤凰张翼高飞的样子,而缆车位于正中间,在风水学上为块圣地。 大邱最大的常设传统市场-西门市场自古被称为大邱市场,在朝鲜时代与平壤市场、江景市场一起被举为全国三大市集而闻名。2016年开张的夜市跃为可同时享受美味和浪漫的旅游名胜。这里是由海产品商街、大商业街等8地区所组成,大约也有5,522个店铺。 Spavalley温泉乐园是位于冷泉里的温泉设施和桑拿设施,自2003年开始营业。有健身房、温泉池,儿童乐园,三温暖房、黄土睡眠室,露天温泉,阴离子体验房),野外水上乐园,冲浪场、露天汤等设施。 大邱药令市是朝鲜时期重要的药材集散地而逐渐形成并传承至今的市场。 现在仍留有大邱药令市身影的地方是大邱广域市中区南城洞一带。 两侧林立着成片的中药店、中医院、人参店、药剂师、制汤店、制丸粉店、中药茶馆、中药饮食店、中医传统商品店等350多家店面,形成了如今的药令市。 文化遺產 觀光巴士 大邱市為了宣傳觀光資源,於2000年12月2日開始運營城市觀光巴士,途徑各種文化遺跡、景點、著名建築群等地。 循環路線 1. 市內循環路線: 東大邱站-大邱機場-三星創建園區/大邱歌劇院-金光石路-東城路-近代文化路-青蘿之丘站/西門市場-E World 頭流公園-安吉郎烤腸街-前山展望台-壽城池-國立大邱博物館-東大邱站 觀光路線 主題路線 1. 八公山路線: 青羅之丘站/西門市場-東大邱站-大邱機場-不老洞古墓群/纖維博物館-桐華寺-市民安全主題公園-方字鍮器博物館-東大邱站-青羅之丘站 2. 琵瑟山路線: 青羅之丘站/西門市場-東大邱站-大邱機場-國立大邱科學館-道東書院-宋海公園/琵瑟山自然休養林-東大邱站-青羅之丘站/西門市場 3. 壽城嘉昌路線: 青羅之丘站/西門市場-東大邱站-金光石路-壽城區-鹿洞書院/日韓友好館-大邱美術館-慕明齋-東大邱站-青羅之丘站/西門市場 4. 洛東江路線: 青羅之丘站/西門市場-東大邱站-大丘機場-沙門津渡口-馬飛廳壁畫村-仁興村-The ARC-東大邱站-青羅之丘站/西門市場 5. 夜景路線 (夏季4-10月): 青羅之丘站/西門市場-金光石路-前山展望台-壽城區-青羅之丘站/西門市場 6. 夜景路線 (夏季11-3月): 青蘿之丘站/西門市場-金光石路-青蘿之丘-83塔-青蘿之丘站/西門市場 7. 體驗主題路線: 麥芽糖製作、摘蘋果、美術館一日遊、木工藝製作等 大邱十味 大邱十二景 体育 大邱是2011年世界田径锦标赛的主办城市。大邱还主办了2003年夏季世界大学生运动会和4场2002年世界杯足球赛的赛事。 球队 棒球:三星獅 足球:大邱FC 教育 大學(國公立,私立) 慶北大學-北區,中區 啟明大學—達西區,南區 大邱教育大學—南區 大邱慶北科學技術學院(DGIST) -中區,達西區,達城郡玄風面 專科大學(國公立,私立) 啟明文化大學-達西區 大邱工業大學-達西區 大邱科學大學-北區 大邱保健大學-北區 壽城大學-壽城區 嶺南理工大學-南區 永進專科大學-北區 韓國폴리텍VI大學(大邱校區)-西區 韓國科技大學(纖維時尚校區)-東區 職業訓練機構 韓國폴리텍VI大學(達城校區)-達城郡 教育機構 姐妹城市 佐治亚州亚特兰大 (1981年) 阿拉木圖 (1990年) 山东省青岛市 (1993年) 米纳斯吉拉斯 (1994年) 廣島縣廣島市 (1997年) 圣彼得堡 (1997年) 普罗夫迪夫 (2002年) 臺北市(2010年) 浙江省宁波市 (2013年) 米蘭 (2015年) 四川省成都市 (2015年) 威斯康辛州密尔沃基 (2017年) 岘港市 (2018年) 友好城市 江苏省扬州市 (2003年) 江苏省盐城市 (2003年) 辽宁省沈阳市 (2003年) 兵库县神户市 (2010年) 胡志明市 (2015年) 浙江省绍兴市 (2015年) 湖北省武汉市 (2016年) 曼谷 (2017年) 湖南省长沙市 (2018年) 高雄市 (2018年) 北寧省 (2019年) 里耳 (2019年) 延边朝鲜族自治州 (2021年) 参考资料 外部链接 大邱官方网站 Wikitravel旅遊指南 - 大邱廣域市 谷歌地圖 1995年建立的行政區劃
Sean's Bar is a pub in Athlone, Ireland, notable for its reputed establishment in AD 900, and claim to being the oldest extant bar in both Ireland and Europe. Other architectural and archaeological records, including the Record of Monuments and Places and the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, date the building to the 17th or 18th century. Age and history Archaeological research, reviewed by the National Museum of Ireland, indicates that a pub may have been operating on the site for at least a millennium, with the building possibly being older. Carbon-dated material such as mud, wood and wattle, as well as the presence of tavern tokens (of an unspecified age), now on display in the National Museum of Ireland, have further supported "the legend" of the pub's age. During renovations in the 1970s, it was discovered that a back wall was partly made of wattle and wicker. Other archaeological surveys indicate that the oldest parts of the building were constructed in or around the 17th century, with some more ancient materials perhaps having been scavenged and reused from elsewhere. The latter includes research, including by John Bradley on behalf of the Office of Public Works and published in the Record of Monuments and Places and by the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, which suggests that the building dates to , while "possibly containing the fabric of earlier buildings". In 2004, Guinness World Records issued a certificate to Sean's Bar as the "oldest pub in Ireland". The proprietors have claimed to possess a list of "nearly all previous owners" going back centuries, potentially to the time of Luan, after whom Athlone town is named. In February 2021 the owners of Sean's Bar, in conjunction with other Irish bar owners, won a landmark court case related to insurance pay-outs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. See also History of Athlone The Brazen Head References Notes Sources External links Official website Buildings and structures completed in the 10th century Buildings and structures in Athlone Pubs in the Republic of Ireland
黄瑞纶(),字子荣,男,直隶(今河北)任丘人,中国农业化学家、农用药剂学家、化学教育家,曾任中国化学会常务理事,中国植物保护学会副理事长。 参考资料 Rui 任丘人 金陵大學校友 康乃爾大學校友 浙江大學教授 广西大学教授 北京大學教授 北京农业大学教授 中国化学会常务理事 (中华人民共和国)
多培沙明禁忌症是什么?血小板减少症患者禁用;缺血性心脏病患者慎用;由于本品的拟交感活性,高血糖和低血钾患者也慎用。
糖耐量降低的治疗和预防方法?IGT的干预治疗有非药物性和药物性两方面.非药物性包括饮食干预,如限制饮食摄入的总热量及脂肪成分,限制饮酒,少吃糖,鼓励多食含铬,镁等微量元素的粗粮及新鲜蔬菜,高纤维食物.运动干预,一般应采取中度体力活动,使热量消耗增加,体型过胖者应使体重减轻7左右.事实证明,长期控制饮食及增加体力活动有可能预防糖尿病的发生.药物干预治疗正在世界多国积极施行之中常用的药物有二甲双胍,噻唑烷二酮类药,-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,磺脲类降糖药等.这些药物主要是分别通过改善胰岛素抵抗;增加IGT患者的葡萄糖移出率及胰岛素敏感指数,并降低空腹及餐后胰岛素水平.通过减慢双糖和淀粉类多糖转变为葡萄糖,从而降低餐后高血糖,减轻细胞的刺激,降低高胰岛素血症.
痔疮该怎么治疗比较好?1.痔疮患者生活中需要注意,保持大便通畅,防止习惯性便秘,避免长期服用泻药。保持肛门清洁,常用温水清洗,勤换内裤。节制性生活,注意性交的清洁卫生。2.多喝开水,多吃蔬菜、水果,特别是含纤维多的蔬菜,如芹菜、白菜、菠菜、丝瓜、香蕉等。也可常吃猪大肠、黑木耳。出血时宜多食金针菜、香菜、马兰头、白木耳等。3.痔疮的治疗上可以使用高锰酸钾液清洗后温水坐浴,每日两次,每次20分钟,肛门内置麝香痔疮膏,大便出血口服槐角丸,阿莫西林胶囊,疼痛明显时加服去疼片。4.痔疮患者,平时注意养成良好的生活习惯,预防便秘的发生,饮食宜清淡,少食辛辣、煎炒、油炸、烈酒等不消化和刺激性食物,多食水果、蔬菜和纤维性食物,多饮水,尤其是香蕉、蜂蜜类润肠通便食物。一般治疗改善饮食、保持大便通畅,注意肛门会阴部清洁,温热坐浴等对各类痔的治疗都是必要的。药物治疗痔的药物可用于任何痔患者,是I、II度内痔患者的首选疗法。1、局部药物治疗包括栓剂、软膏、洗剂。可在痔的发作期缓解症状,但不应长期和预防性使用。2、全身药物治疗①静脉增强剂,常用的草木犀流浸片、银杏叶萃取物,可减轻痔水肿的急性期症状。②抗炎镇痛药,可有效缓解痔水肿或血栓形成及感染所导致的疼痛。建议患者可以来乌鲁木齐远大肛肠医院看看。做一个检查了解病情。痔疮主要是引起疼痛,有时伴便血。一般来说,普通人多多少少都有不同程度痔疮。首先保守治疗,九华痔疮栓科学配伍,大黄、浙贝母泻火解毒,白及、侧柏叶、厚朴止血凉血生肌消肿、冰片消肿止痛。对出血痔疮、便秘痔疮较好效果。平时需禁酒禁辣,保持大便通畅,勿久坐。重度痔疮经常慢性出血引起贫血则需手术。
梫木毒素是什么??梫木毒素植物产生的毒素,在其蜂蜜中也可找到,主要产自土耳其黑海及尼泊尔喜马拉雅山脉一带。当人类过量食用含毒素的蜂蜜,会出现严重晕眩、胸腹痛、出汗、呕吐、视力模糊、低血压等中毒征状,称为狂蜜病。
加夫里尔·戈洛夫金伯爵(,),俄罗斯帝国初期政治家,曾历经彼得一世、叶卡捷琳娜一世、彼得二世与安娜女皇四朝并长期担任外交大臣。1717-1734年间为首任院长。他当政时曾向中国派遣伊斯梅洛夫使团及弗拉季斯拉维奇-卢古辛斯基使团。沙俄首名派往中国的外交大使尤里·亚历山德罗夫·戈洛夫金是加夫里尔·戈洛夫金的曾孙。 参考文献 外部链接 List of Descendants at European Dynastics.com 1660年出生 1734年逝世 俄罗斯帝国外交大臣 俄罗斯帝国伯爵 俄罗斯帝国内阁大臣 神圣罗马帝国伯爵 俄罗斯贵族
The 1961 Los Angeles Angels season ended with the Angels finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 70–91, 38½ games behind the World Champion New York Yankees. It was the Angels' first season in franchise history, and their only season at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. Gene Autry owned the franchise, which was created as a counterpart to the Los Angeles Dodgers, and the two teams would even share the same stadium the following year when the Angels moved to Dodger Stadium (referring to as Chavez Ravine). Offseason The Angels, along with the new Washington Senators, were the first ever American League expansion teams. Both teams participated in Major League Baseball's first ever expansion draft. The Angels had the first pick in the 1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, which they used to select Eli Grba from the New York Yankees. Grba wound up playing two-plus seasons for Los Angeles before returning to the minor leagues. Notable transactions December 14, 1960: 1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft Jim Fregosi was drafted by the Angels from the Boston Red Sox. Bob Cerv was drafted by the Angels from the New York Yankees. Steve Bilko was drafted by the Angels from the Detroit Tigers. Earl Averill, Jr. was drafted by the Angels from the Chicago White Sox. Jim McAnany was drafted by the Angels from the Chicago White Sox. December 29, 1960: Del Rice was signed as a free agent by the Angels. Regular season As an expansion team, the Angels were not expected to do well. However, they not only finished ahead of the Senators, but also the Kansas City A's, who tied the Senators for last place, nine games behind Los Angeles. Season standings Opening Day starting lineup The first game in franchise history took place at Memorial Stadium, Baltimore, on Tuesday, April 11, 1961. Powered by Ted Kluszewski's first- and second-inning home runs, which accounted for five runs, and Grba's complete game six-hitter, the Angels defeated the Baltimore Orioles, 7–2. They would then lose eight games in a row, including their home opener April 27 against the Minnesota Twins at Wrigley Field, Los Angeles. Record vs. opponents Offense The Angels were no stranger to offense in their first season, with five players hitting 20 or more home runs, a mark which at the time was considered a remarkable feat. Leon Wagner, who led the team with 28 home runs, was one of the team's best offensive threats, also leading the team by slugging .517. The other players who hit 20 home runs were Ken Hunt (25), Lee Thomas (24), Earl Averill, Jr. (21), and Steve Bilko (20). Albie Pearson, who led the team in batting average, had an on-base percentage of .420, also a mark that was considered more valuable than the current game. Pearson led the team in several other offensive categories, leading the team in stolen bases (11), runs (92), and walks (96). Lee Thomas, who ended the season second on the team in batting at .284, led the team in hits, with 128, edging out Wagner by 1 hit. Pitching Ken McBride, who led the team with 12 wins, also led the team with 15 losses. Eli Grba had an 11–13 record, good enough for second in both wins and losses amongst the team's pitchers. Ted Bowsfield was the Angels' only starter with a winning record, going 11–8. McBride had 180 strikeouts, 75 more than Grba, who was second on the team with 105. As a team, the Angels led the American League, throwing more strikeouts than any of the other 9 teams. Art Fowler and Tom Morgan were the Angels' top two in saves, with 11 and 10, respectively, leading the team to finish second in the American League in that category. Notable transactions April 1, 1961: Jim McAnany was traded by the Angels to the Chicago Cubs for Lou Johnson. April 7, 1961: Ray Semproch was purchased by the Angels from the Washington Senators. May 8, 1961: Bob Cerv and Tex Clevenger were traded by the Angels to the New York Yankees for Lee Thomas, Ryne Duren, and Johnny James. May 26, 1961: Art Fowler was purchased by the Angels from the Los Angeles Dodgers. July 22, 1961: Tom Satriano was signed as an amateur free agent by the Angels. September 8, 1961: Chuck Tanner was purchased by the Angels from the Dallas-Fort Worth Rangers. Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Farm system Notes References 1961 Los Angeles Angels team page at Baseball Reference 1961 Los Angeles Angels team page at www.baseball-almanac.com Further reading Los Angeles Angels seasons Los Angeles Angels season Inaugural Major League Baseball seasons by team
郑氏单粗腹摇蚊(学名:),一种于中国海南尖峰岭国家级自然保护区发现的双翅目昆虫,隶属于摇蚊科单粗腹摇蚊属,是该属物种在中国境内的首次发现,种小名源自中国昆虫学家郑乐怡的姓氏,以感谢其对中国昆虫分类研究的贡献。 鉴别特征 郑氏单粗腹摇蚊的中足和后足具有2个胫距,抱器端节前端逐渐变细。 参考文献 zhengi 中国昆虫 海南島動物 2021年描述的昆虫
腰椎增生压迫神经腿疼怎么办?在生活当中腰椎间盘突出是一种比较常见的疾病,而且越来越年轻化,得了腰椎间盘突出是一定要引起重视的,如果不及时的治疗,可能会导致其他的疾病发生。腰椎增生压迫神经导致腿疼以后,一定要引起重视,尽快的治疗。药物治疗。腰椎间盘突出患者可选择抗炎止痛药,减轻疼痛及肌肉痉挛,消除无菌性炎症,该类药物虽起效快,但作用持久性差些,而治疗腰椎间盘突出,大多数患者更青睐于治疗、调理并重的中成药。除药物治疗外,还可以选择牵引治疗(可用于缓解肌肉痉挛,使椎间隙扩大,以减轻神经根压迫)、理疗、推拿、按摩等,但均需到专业机构进行。如果突出物严重压迫神经,则需进行手术治疗,通过手术将突出的髓核摘除,使被压迫的神经根及相应症状得到缓解。关于腰间盘突出压迫神经腿疼怎么办,除了遵医嘱治疗外,平时还要注意站姿、坐姿以及睡姿的正确性;加强锻炼、增强体质,尤其是加强腰背肌的功能练习,来促进肌肉的血液循环,松解软组织黏连,提高腰椎的稳定性、灵活性和耐久性。腰椎间盘突出患者在患病期间,大多数会出现腰疼和腿疼的症状。一般来说,通过手术治疗的腰椎间盘突出患者为少数,约九成的患者通过药物、理疗、牵引、按摩等非手术疗法都可以缓解症状。腰椎增生压迫神经导致腿疼的话,一定要及时就医,在医生的指导下,选择适合自身情况的方法来进行治疗。首先不要给自己太大的压力,要保持心情舒畅,治疗期间要吃一些有营养的饮食,不能吃辛辣刺激性的食物,要多注意休息。
Keiser University - Latin American Campus (KU) is a branch campus of Keiser University in Florida, United States. It is located in the small town of San Marcos, Carazo, Nicaragua. It is perhaps one of the only U.S. universities in Central America offering a 4-year Bachelor of Arts degree in the areas of Psychology, Business Administration with concentrations in Marketing, Finance, International Business, and Human Resources, Political Science, Software Engineering, Management Information Systems, Interdisciplinary Studies, among other programs from Associate to Doctoral degrees online. As part of the Keiser University conglomerate, Keiser University LAC students are able to do 2-years under IDS and transfer to the over 100 programs offered by any of the Florida campuses of Keiser University, as well as the programs offered by Everglades University, also located in Florida. History The school uses the campus formerly belonging to La Antigua Escuela Normal de Señoritas de San Marcos. From its founding in 1993, this school operated under the name University of Mobile, Latin American Campus in San Marcos and was operated by the University of Mobile. Ave Maria College acquired the school from the University of Mobile on July 1, 2000. The school was then called Ave Maria College of the Americas until it became the branch campus for Ave Maria University in 2007. The Latin American Campus was then acquired by the Keiser University on July 1, 2013. Ever since, Keiser University and local partners have invested in infrastructure to allow the student body to grow significantly in the next 5-years. Keiser University LAC also offers a hybrid Graduate Certificate Program in Management and Leadership mainly offered in the offices of the Language Institute in Managua, located at the newly opened Ofiplaza San Dionisio complex. Financial Aid Keiser University Latin American Campus is one of the few U.S universities around the world, located outside the United States, authorized by the Department of Education to offer students Federal Aid to finance their studies. Keiser University participates in the federal student loan program which allows students and their parents to borrow money to help meet their educational costs. Educational loans must be paid back with interest. These loans have low interest rates and offer flexible repayment terms, benefits, and options. In addition, Keiser University LAC also offers institutional aid, that allows students without dual citizenship to apply for Financial Aid packages that make their attendance at KULAC possible, at a price point that is affordable for the students and their families. References External links Keiser University Universities in Nicaragua Educational institutions established in 1993 1993 establishments in Nicaragua
戊肝出院后多长时间复查?出院后半个月复查为好。戊肝流行特点似甲型肝炎,高发于亚洲与非洲一些发展中的国家,其传播强度也较强,所以一旦检测出患上戊肝,一定要及时隔离治疗。那么戊肝患者需要隔离多久呢?同样主要经消化道传播,而戊型肝炎较甲型肝炎病情更重、病死率更高。对此类传染病患者究竟需要作多长时间的隔离?作为国家重大科研攻关课题之一的戊型肝炎研究已经得出结论。戊型肝炎病人的粪便排毒主要发生在疾病的急性期早期,其隔离期应定为病后4周。戊型肝炎病人粪便排毒规律研究是国家重大攻关课题戊型肝炎系列研究的重要内容之一。近年对我国17个城市302例急性戊型肝炎病人的粪便和血清进行检测,以观察其粪便排毒规律。结果表明,患者粪便和血清戊型肝炎病毒RNA阳性检出率,于发病1周内均在70%以上;于发病后第4周,仅个别病人血清中检出戊型肝炎病毒RNA,但粪便检测戊型肝炎病毒RNA,未能检出阳性。此外,该课题组还进行了动物实验。科研人员用戊型肝炎病毒实验感染猕猴,并连续检测感染后的猕猴系列粪便和血清标本,结果其粪便和血清中戊型肝炎病毒RNA的检出率与戊型肝炎病人相普遍。研究人员分析指出,在被检测的戊型肝炎患者中,粪便排毒和病毒血症主要在发病4周内,由此可以确定患者的传染性主要发生于此期。因此,其隔离期定为病后4周为妥。戊肝传播途径跟其他肝病类似,不管是什么肝病,只要具有传染的可能性都要仔细做好预防工作。
NGC 91是仙女座的一個恆星。赤經為21分51.7秒,赤緯為+22°22 '8"。在1854年10月26日首次被威廉·帕森思發現。 參見 NGC天体列表 外部連結 NGC 91 NGC 91 http://www.ngcic.org/steinicke/ 仙女座NGC天体
小行星7925()是一颗围绕太阳公转的小行星。1986年9月6日,愛德華·鮑威爾在可可尼诺县发现了此天体。 这颗小行星的绝对星等为15.98880等。 参考文献 小行星带天体 1986年发现的小行星
陇川灌树蛙(学名:)为树蛙科灌树蛙属的两栖动物,分布于中国云南省及越南萊州省等地,主要生活于热带亚热带河谷灌丛中。其生存的海拔范围为1350至1600米。该物种的模式产地在陇川、云南。 参考文献 longchuanensis 1979年描述的动物
Ferny Creek is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 33 km south-east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Ferny Creek recorded a population of 1,524 at the 2021 census. The suburb is built around and to the south of Dunns Hill (height 561m) with most of Ferny Creek lying between 400 and 500 metres above sea level. It is named after Ferny Creek, a small stream which originates to the south of Dunns Hill in the centre of the suburb. The suburb of Ferny Creek is largely surrounded by conservation zones and national parks, with the Dandenong Ranges national park on its northern and western sides, the Upwey habitat corridor to the south and Sherbrooke Forest to the east. History For at least 35,000 years, the Wurundjeri people have been the traditional custodians of the land within the Yarra Ranges including Ferny Creek. Europeans settlers established themselves there from the 1830s, pursuing gold along the rivers and carving out productive agricultural lands. Later prominent Melbourne figures built weekend cottages in the region. Ferny Creek is well known for its established European gardens, and beautiful range of native fauna and flora. The Post Office opened around August 1904 as One Tree Hill, and was subsequently renamed Ferny Creek. In 1964, Raynor Johnson bought land at Ferny Creek and built Santiniketan Lodge, which became the headquarters of The Family. Flora and biodiversity Ferny Creek contains a wide range of microclimates and aspects, and as a result the flora is similar to that of the larger Dandenong Ranges as a whole. The Dandenong Ranges National park including Sherbrooke Forest, contains large areas of native vegetation and is dominated by a mix of wet and dry Sclerophyll forests. There are small pockets of wet temperate rainforest in the deeper gullies (bordering Sherbrooke, Mast Gully and Ferny Creeks). Weeds remain a significant threat to biodiversity, with significant infestations of Ivy, onion weed, tradescantia and holly. A number of conservation groups are active in the local area including the Friends of Ferny Creek and Friends of Sherbrooke Forest . Outside of the conservation zones and national park, Ferny Creek is largely covered by exotic vegetation with remnant native trees. Public Land Dandenong Ranges National Park and Ferny Creek Recreation Reserve. Dandenong Ranges National park is managed primary for conservation purposes and secondarily for recreation. However Ferny Creek Reserve has mainly recreational function. Ferny Creek Reserve is maintained by local residents on behalf of the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), and contains a Bureau of Meteorology weather station. The town today While a suburb of Melbourne, extensive parks, large residential blocks and the lack of commercial activity means that Ferny Creek maintains a rural character. There are a number of bed and breakfast located in Ferny Creek, Ferny Creek Primary School and a General Store. There is also a Country Fire Authority (CFA) fire station, (Sassafras-Ferny Creek Fire Brigade), Scout group (1st Ferny Creek), tennis club, recreation reserve and plant nursery, as well as a World War One Memorial. Ferny Creek has a number of homes of note, particularly around Kallamondah and Mount Dandenong Tourist Roads. Ferny Creek is home to a popular attraction known as "The Thousand Steps" - a bushwalking track built by Australian Army Engineers that runs through the Ferntree Gully National Park and provides a fitness challenge to those who attempt it. The steps begin at the bottom of the hill in Upper Ferntree Gully and the top of the steps being located at Ferny Creek near One Tree Hill. The track is a minute representation of the ordeals suffered by the Australian Army in Kokoda during World War Two. Together with its neighbouring township Olinda Ferny Creek has an Australian Rules football team (Olinda-Ferny Creek) competing in the Yarra Valley Mountain District Football League. Climate Ferny Creek's climate is cool and wet, with temperature extremes rare due to the proximity of Port Phillip Bay and Bass Strait. Rainfall is fairly uniform through the year, tending to peak between April and October with lower rainfall during the months of January and February. The mean annual rainfall is between 1100 and 1500 mm, increasing with elevation and from west to east. The elevation means that temperatures are typically 3 to 5 °C cooler than the lower suburbs of Melbourne, to the west of Ferny Creek. As a result of its elevation snow typically falls one or two times a year, mostly between the months of June and October. A rare summer snow occurred on Christmas Day 2006 . The local region has experienced substantial warming in recent decades and heavy snowfalls which were once common have become rare. The last significant snowfall to affect Ferny Creek was on 10 August 2008 when as much as 15 cm of snow fell around Dunns Hill. A Bureau of Meteorology weather station sits at an elevation of 513 m in the Ferny Creek Reserve. Bushfires Ferny Creek was among the suburbs affected by a series of deliberately lit fires in the Dandenong Ranges on 21 January 1997, and has been affected by numerous bushfires throughout settlement. The community of Ferny Creek is close and resilient, as proved in its recovery from the fires that destroyed 42 homes and killed three local residents (Genevieve Erin, Graham and Jenny Lindroth). The fires were deliberately lit in bushland below the settlement on Tuesday 21 January 1997, and in the extreme conditions of that day, raced up the steep slopes and were burning gardens and property before most residents were even aware of a problem. After the bushfires the small community rallied together for a fundraising event held at the local Ferny Creek Reserve and Tennis Club. Money was raised for families who lost their houses and personal items in the devastation. Since that time, residents have focused their efforts on making responsible choices when considering their fire safety plans and in addition to having a significantly higher than average membership rate of CFA's Community Fire Guard program, and a pro-active approach to keeping properties prepared, the Ferny Creek Bushfire Alert System was installed to provide a siren signal to alert residents to the possibility of a threat to their safety. Residents are educated to respond appropriately to the siren by simply seeking further information via another source (radio, internet, phone tree, scanner, television, personal investigation etc.). It is not a signal to evacuate. The Alert System is a unique co-operative project between residents, Shire of Yarra Ranges, CFA, Victoria Police, Dept of Justice and Parks Victoria. Education There is one primary school located in this area called "Ferny Creek Primary School". The school was established in 1895 and as of 2018 has 202 students; 109 boys and 93 girls. References Suburbs of Yarra Ranges
Sufian (, also Romanized as Şūfīān and Şūfīyān) is a village in Tamran Rural District, in the Central District of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,468, in 267 families. References Populated places in Kalaleh County
崔守恂(;;聖名:若瑟)是中國籍天主教主教。曾任永年宗座監牧、永年宗座監牧及永年教區主教(1929年-1951年)。 生平 崔守恂生于1877年7月27日,清朝直隸省。1904年3月19日,崔守恂在27歲時晋鐸。 1929年5月24日,聖座從獻縣宗座代牧區劃出河北省南部分設永年宗座監牧區,由中國本地司鐸負責,教座設在永年縣。同年6月1日,教宗任命崔守恂神父為首任永年宗座監牧。1932年,崔宗座監牧在威縣魏村天主堂成立聖神安慰會。 1933年3月6日,聖座將永年宗座監牧區升格為永年宗座代牧區, 崔守恂獲升任為永年宗座代牧,領銜俄羅斯主教。1933年6月11日,崔守恂在羅馬聖伯多祿大殿由時任教宗庇護十一世親自主禮,宗座駐華代表剛恆毅總主教及樞機襄禮晉牧。 1938年曾主禮為趙振聲晉牧成為河北獻縣宗座代牧。1946年4月11日,聖座在中國設立聖統制,永年宗座代牧區升格為永年教區,屬於河北教省,教座設在威縣趙莊,崔守恂主教留任成為首任正權主教。1949年10月1日,中國共產黨在中國大陸地區建立中華人民共和國,並開始針對天主教進行宗教迫害及打壓,教會已經無法正常運作。1950年代,外籍傳教士先後被捕及驅逐出境。 1951年崔守恂主教榮休,且在1953年在中國去世,享年76歲。 参考文献 中華民國大陸時期天主教神父 中華民國大陸時期天主教主教 C S
is a public university at Hashima, Gifu, Japan, established in 2000. External links Official website Educational institutions established in 2000 Public universities in Japan Universities and colleges in Gifu Prefecture Nursing schools in Japan Hashima, Gifu 2000 establishments in Japan
In linguistics, a form-meaning mismatch is a natural mismatch between the grammatical form and its expected meaning. Such form-meaning mismatches happen everywhere in language. Nevertheless, there is often an expectation of a one-to-one relationship between meaning and form, and indeed, many traditional definitions are based on such an assumption. For example, Verbs come in three tenses: past, present, and future. The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g., earlier in the day, yesterday, last week, three years ago). The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right now, or things that are continuous. The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g., later, tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now). While this accurately captures the typical behaviour of these three tenses, it's not unusual for a futurate meaning to have a present tense form (I'll see you before I go) or a past tense form (If you could help, that would be great). Types of mismatch There are three types of mismatch. Many forms correspond to one function/meaning One form corresponds to many functions/meanings The meaning cannot be derived from the forms Examples Syncretism Syncretism is "the relation between words which have different morphosyntactic features but are identical in form." For example, the English first person genitive pronouns are distinct for dependent my and independent mine, but for he, there is syncretism: the dependent and independent pronouns share the form his (e.g., that's his book; it's his). As a result, there is no consistent match between the form and function of the word. Similarly, Slovak nouns typically mark case as in the word for "dog", which is pes in nominative case but psa in accusative. But slovo "word" the nominative and accusative have come to share the same form, which means that it does not reliably indicate whether it is a subject or an object. Subject-agent mismatches The subject of a sentence is often defined as a noun phrase that denotes the semantic agent or "the doer of the action".[p. 69]a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that usually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated.But in many cases, the subject does not express the expected meaning of doer.[p. 69] Dummy pronouns Dummy there in there's a book on the table, is the grammatical subject, but there isn't the doer of the action or the thing about which something is stated. In fact it has no semantic role at all. The same is true of it in it's cold today.[p. 252] Raising objects In the case of object raising, the object of one verb can be the agent of another verb. For example, in we expect JJ to arrive at 2:00, JJ is the object of expect, but JJ is also the person who will be doing the arriving.[p. 221] Similarly, in Japanese, the potential form of verbs can raise the object of the main verb to the subject position. For example, in the sentence 私は寿司が食べられる (Watashi wa sushi ga taberareru, "I can eat sushi"), 寿司 ("sushi") is the object of the verb 食べる ("eat") but functions as the subject of the potential form verb 食べられる ("be able to eat"). Definiteness From a semantic point of view, a definite noun phrase is one that is identifiable and activated in the minds of the first person and the addressee. From a grammatical point of view in English, definiteness is typically marked by definite determiners, such as this. “The theoretical distinction between grammatical definiteness and cognitive identifiability has the advantage of enabling us to distinguish between a discrete (grammatical) and a non-discrete (cognitive) category”[p. 84] So, in a case such as I met this guy from Heidleberg on the train, the underlined noun phrase is grammatically definite but semantically indefinite;[p. 82] there is a form-meaning mismatch. Number agreement Grammatical number is typically marked on nouns in English, and present-tense verbs show agreement with the subject. But there are cases of mismatch, such as with a singular collective noun as the subject and plural agreement on the verb (e.g., The team are working hard).[p. 89] The pronoun you also triggers plural agreement regardless of whether it refers to one person or more (e.g., You are the only one who can do this). This is similar to the use of honorific constructions in the Toda language, where subject-verb agreement for number is generally marked by different verb conjugations, but there are exceptions with certain honorific forms. For example, consider the following verb forms for the verb "to give" in Toda: kwēś- (non-honorific singular form) kwēśt- (non-honorific plural form) kwēśt- (honorific form, used for both singular and plural) In the case of the honorific form kwēśt-, there is a form-meaning mismatch regarding number, as the same form is used to show respect to a single person or multiple people. In some cases, the mismatch may be apparent rather than real due to a poorly chosen term. For example, "plural" in English suggest more than one, but "non-singular" may be a better term. We use plural marking for things less than one (e.g., 0.5 calories) or even for nothing at all (e.g., zero degrees). Gender In some cases, the grammatical gender of a word appears to be a mismatch with its meaning. For example, in German, das Fräulein means the unmarried woman. A woman is naturally feminine in terms of social gender, but the word here is neuter gender. Also, in Chichewa, a Bantu language, the word for "child" is mwaná (class 1) in the singular and aná (class 2) in the plural. When referring to a group of mixed-gender children, the plural form, aná, is used even though it belongs to a different noun class from that of the singular form, mwaná. Cross linguistic example German and English compounds are quite different syntactically, but not semantically. Effects Language change Form-meaning mismatches can lead to language change. An example of this is the split of the nominal gerund construction in English and a new “non-nominal” reference type becoming the most dominant function of the verbal gerund construction. Language learning The syntax-semantics interface is one of the most vulnerable aspects in L2 acquisition. Therefore, L2 speakers are found to either often have incomplete grammar, or have highly variable syntactic-semantic awareness and performance. Causes In morphology, a morpheme can get trapped and eliminated. Consider this example: the Old Norwegian for "horse's" was hert-s, and the way to mark that as definite and genitive ("the" + GEN) was -in-s. When those went together, the genitive of hert-s was lost, and the result is hest-en-s ("the horse" + GEN) in modern Norwegian.[p. 90] The result is a form-meaning mismatch. References Semantics Grammar
胃癌症有什么症状?胃癌是一种常见的疾病也是危害我们身体健康的疾病,严重影响了我们的日常生活。早期胃癌70%以上可毫无症状。根据发生机理可将晚期胃癌症状分为4个方面:1、因癌肿增殖而发生的能量消耗与代谢障碍,导致抵抗力低下、营养不良、维生素缺乏等,表现为乏力、食欲不振、恶心、消瘦、贫血、水肿、发热、便秘、皮肤干燥和毛发脱落等。2、胃癌溃烂而引起上腹部疼痛、消化道出血、穿孔等。胃癌疼痛常为咬啮性,与进食无明确关系或进食后加重。有的象消化性溃疡的疼痛,进食或抗酸剂可缓解,这种情况可维持较长时间,以后疼痛逐渐加重而持续。癌肿出血时表现为粪便隐血试验阳性、呕血或黑粪,5%患者出现大出血,甚至有因出血或胃癌穿孔等急腹症而首次就医者。3、胃癌的机械性作用引起的症状,如由于胃充盈不良而引起的饱胀感、沉重感,以及无味、厌食、疼痛、恶心、呕吐等。胃癌位于贲门附近可侵犯食管,引起打呃、咽下困难,位于幽门附近可引起幽门梗阻。4、癌肿扩散转移引起的症状,如腹水、肝大、黄疸及肺、脑、心、前列腺、卵巢、骨髓等的转移而引起相应症状。体征早期胃癌可无任何体征,中晚期癌的体征中以上腹压痛最为常见。1/3患者可扪及上腹部肿块,质坚而不规则,可有压痛。能否发现腹块,与癌肿的部位、大小及患者腹壁厚度有关。胃窦部癌可扪及腹块者较多。其他体征多由胃癌晚期或转移而产生,如肿大,质坚、表面不规则的肝脏,黄疸,腹水,左锁骨上与左腋下淋巴结肿大。男性患者直肠指诊时于前列腺上部可扪及坚硬肿块,女性患者阴道检查时可扪及肿大的卵巢。其他少见的体征尚有皮肤、腹白线处结节,腹股沟淋巴结肿大,晚期可发热,多呈恶病质。此外,胃癌的癌旁综合征包括血栓性静脉炎,黑棘病和皮肌炎可有相应的体征。胃癌的症状基本上就是这些,我们可以根据这些症状针对性治疗。
John Roberts (after 1672 – 4 September 1731) of Llwyn Ynn, Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd, Denbighshire was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1710 and 1722. Early life Roberts was the eldest son and heir of Hugh Roberts of Hafod-y-Bwch, Denbighshire, and his wife Anne Wynn Jones, daughter of Richard Wynn Jones of Plas Newydd at Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd. Hafod was a small estate situated near Chirk Castle but his mother brought Plas Newydd into the family. He enterered Gray's Inn in 1687. In 1693, he married Susannah Parry, the daughter and later heiress of William Parry of Llwyn Ynn, Denbighshire. By this marriage he acquired Llwyn Ynn, Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd. Career Roberts was appointed High Sheriff of Denbighshire for the year 1705 to 1706. At the 1710 general election, he was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Denbigh Boroughs on the Myddleton interest. He was listed as a Tory and 'Worthy patriot'. At the 1713 general election, he was defeated at Denbigh Boroughs in a contest. He regained his seat at Denbigh Boroughs at the 1715 general election. He was a Tory, and in 1719, voted against the repeal of the Occasional Conformity and Schism Acts and against the Peerage Bill. He was found to have been given stock in the South Sea Company in 1720. At the 1722 general election he had to stand aside at Denbigh for a member of the Myddleton family. Family Roberts first wife died on 19 January 1722 and he married secondly Jane Morris, the widow of Morris Jones of Llanrhyadr, Denbighshire and daughter of Sir Walter Bagot, 3rd Baronet, MP, of Blithfield, Staffordshire. He died on 4 September 1731. By his first wife, he had 3 sons who predeceased him and a daughter. He left his estates to his daughter. References 1670s births 1731 deaths Members of the Parliament of England for Denbighshire Members of Gray's Inn British MPs 1710–1713 British MPs 1715–1722 Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Welsh constituencies High Sheriffs of Denbighshire
t3t4正常促甲状腺激素低是甲亢还是甲减如何治疗呢?甲状腺作为人体不可少的主要器官之一,如果甲状腺腺体出现问题引发一系列疾病,在生活上有不同程度影响。尤其是促甲状腺激素偏低的亚临床甲亢病症较严重,目前治疗促甲状腺激素偏低症状方法包括药物治疗和手术治疗等方法。促甲状腺激素偏低,在生活中是比较较常见的甲状腺病征之一,促甲状腺激素偏低同时会对身体和其他方面有一定影响,加上对于促甲状腺激素偏低症状有的人。因此对于促甲状腺激素偏低症状存在一定的认知误区。所谓的甲亢和甲减,前者是因为甲状腺激素分泌过多而引起的甲状腺功能亢进,后者则是因为甲状腺激素分泌不足所引起的甲状腺功能减退症。其促甲状腺激素偏低一般与服用甲状腺激素片过多以及用放射治疗方式导致甲状腺组织被破坏等有关。总之,促甲状腺激素偏低一般是确诊为亚临床甲亢。所谓的亚临床甲亢,全称是亚临床甲状腺功能亢进病征,一般是症状不明确,病因与甲亢类似;目前治疗亚临床甲亢有手术治疗和药物治疗以及药物同位素治疗等。手术治疗有:治疗亚临床甲亢普遍是以穿刺术和消融术等有创、微创手术治疗方式。药物治疗:最好能根据亚临床甲状腺病征情况来确定药物剂量,如果有不良反应,最好立刻停用。促甲状腺激素偏低症状表现多是与亚临床甲亢病症有关,目前治疗亚临床甲亢有手术治疗和药物治疗等治疗方式。与此同时,在饮食方面注意碘摄入量,忌烟酒、辛辣刺激性食物等;在药物方面能按照医嘱合理服用较好,积极配合医生治疗以及复查利于后期恢复护理。
Advanced Persistent Threat 33 (APT33) is a hacker group identified by FireEye as being supported by the government of Iran. The group has also been called Refined Kitten (by Crowdstrike), Magnallium (by Dragos), and Holmium (by Microsoft). History FireEye believes that the group was formed no later than 2013. Targets APT33 has reportedly targeted aerospace, defense and petrochemical industry targets in the United States, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. Modus operandi APT33 reportedly uses a dropper program designated DropShot, which can deploy a wiper called ShapeShift, or install a backdoor called TurnedUp. The group is reported to use the ALFASHELL tool to send spear-phishing emails loaded with malicious HTML Application files to its targets. APT33 registered domains impersonating many commercial entities, including Boeing, Alsalam Aircraft Company, Northrop Grumman and Vinnell. Identification FireEye and Kaspersky Lab noted similarities between the ShapeShift and Shamoon, another virus linked to Iran. APT33 also used Farsi in ShapeShift and DropShot, and was most active during Iran Standard Time business hours, remaining inactive on the Iranian weekend. One hacker known by the pseudonym of xman_1365_x was linked to both the TurnedUp tool code and the Iranian Nasr Institute, which has been connected to the Iranian Cyber Army. xman_1365_x has accounts on Iranian hacker forums, including Shabgard and Ashiyane. See also Charming Kitten References Cyberwarfare Iranian advanced persistent threat groups Hacking (computer security)
華祿橋,又稱華祿溪橋,是臺灣東部的一座橋樑,位於中橫公路慈恩附近的太魯閣國家公園境內,行政區隸屬於花蓮縣秀林鄉,跨越華綠溪(華祿溪)上,海拔高度約1,300公尺。 歷史 華祿橋於1965年4月完工通車,由中興工程顧問公司設計建造。1991年耐特颱風侵襲下溪水暴漲挾帶土石,造成華祿溪橋遭沖毀。新橋移往下游處重新建造,1995年1月完工通車。 設計 華祿橋的結構形式為下拱式鋼構箱型梁,橋長105公尺,採雙車道設計,兩側為鋼管式護欄,橋身呈紅色。 參考資料 秀林鄉 花蓮縣橋梁 太魯閣國家公園 台灣曾改道的橋梁 1965年完工橋梁 1995年完工橋梁
Hugo Ernst (December 11, 1876 – July 22, 1954) was an Croatian-born American labor union leader. Born in Varaždin in Croatia, Ernst's father was the city's rabbi. Hugo studied journalism, and when he was 26, emigrated to New York City to become a reporter on a Croatian-language newspaper. When he asked for a pay rise, he was instead sacked, and became a bus boy. In 1904, he traveled to St Louis, to work as a waiter at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. After the event, he moved to San Francisco, around which time, he joined local 30 of the Hotel and Restaurant Employees' International Alliance. Ernst later became secretary of the local, which organized low-paid workers, and he became the leader of opposition to Jere L. Sullivan's craft unionism. In 1939, Ernst was elected as secretary-treasurer of the union, moving to Cincinnati to take up the post. He then took the top post, of president, in 1945, also become president of the American Federation of Labor's Employees Board. He also served as a vice-president of Americans for Democratic Action, and of the Labor League for Political Education. He died in 1945, still in office. A street was named after Ernst in Holon, in Israel. References 1876 births 1954 deaths American trade union leaders Croatian emigrants to the United States People from Varaždin
Handschmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Peter Handschmann (born 1957), Austrian ice dancer Susi Handschmann (born 1959), Austrian ice dancer
《神通乡巴佬》(),2012年3月8日在中国大陆上映的剧情片。 剧情 乡下人楚中天在学校读书时,汉字书写潦草,在试卷上写名字时,“楚”字分成了两截,被老师念成“林蛋大”,后来一直被同学们取了个这个绰号“林蛋大”。直接导致了他心中产生自卑情绪,于是他决计去城市找一个女人找老婆,生下的孩子就会变漂亮了。 十年后,当楚中天带着家中老本金15万人民币来到城市,碰上了善于心机的城里人朱月坡,朱月坡坐车去火车站结果车子坏了,司机在修车,楚中天告诉他如果再不去火车站就赶不上车了。两人边走边聊,互相认识了。 朱月坡为了给儿子去英国留学保证金凑齐15万,在公司里向各大老板和亲戚借钱,都没有借到手。自己还被老板开除了。 楚中天在城市里找工作,遇到了正在植物区打电话借钱的朱月坡。而他一直跟着朱月坡走,朱月坡嫌他脏,不停地闪躲。他最后告诉朱月坡自己带了大笔钱来城市里找老婆。朱月坡出于善良,于是带着他在相亲机构“我爱红娘婚介所”里报了名,一个月可以获得六次机会。 在第一次联谊会上,楚中天就因为相貌丑陋被淘汰了。朱月坡给他出主意,带他去服装店买衣服更换服装。 两人在一次相亲会上,认识了一个盲女方圆园。方圆园的职业是卖花。而楚中天一眼就看中了她。朱月坡于是决计帮助他追到方圆园,同时要求楚中天帮他一个忙,追到方圆园之后他会告诉楚中天是做什么事。 一天,朱月坡带着楚中天去看方圆园,楚中天带着方圆园骑脚踏车、看电影,两人玩了一整天,而朱月坡则看护她的狗狗。到了晚上,朱月坡还在街上看护狗狗,一群人追逐一个逃犯经过,逃犯丢下一个包包在他那,朱月坡捡着包包带了回去。 朱月坡见到事情进展不错,于是提出跟他借钱十五万人民币,并说:“钱是身外之物,朋友才是一辈子的。”,如是跟他讲哲学“舍得”开导他,但是楚中天最后都只同意借给他一万五,朱月坡一生气,于是踢倒了箱子,箱子里的钱全部倒了出来,一共两百万。而楚中天把钱借给了朱月坡,朱月坡把包包里的钱拿出来捐献给方圆园做手术。 当方圆园和楚中天在街道上卖花时,黑社会把两人抓走,并且打电话给朱月坡,叫他拿钱去赎人。于是两方约定场所交易,当黑社会放走方圆园和楚中天后,朱月坡把包包打开,却全部是纸张,朱月坡被黑社会毒打了一顿,重度昏迷,被送入医院急救。朱月坡来交易时先报了警,黑社会全部都被抓住了。警方提供奖金时,朱月坡把奖金给了楚中天。 把朱月坡送进医院后,楚中天就离开了城市,回到了农村。一天,朱月坡在街上碰到了骑着脚踏车的方圆园。方圆园问起楚中天哪去了。原来两人都离开了楚中天。此时方圆园已经复明了,是楚中天带他去的医院,而楚中天把自己的眼角膜捐给了方圆园,当他捐献完眼角膜,就发生了车祸导致失明。于是朱月坡带着方圆园去找楚中天。楚中天在乡下卖花生,方圆园碰到了他,两人诉说了那段感伤的过去,最后方圆园提出要一辈子陪着楚中天。 演员 制作 该片监制是台湾著名导演朱延平,他被誉为“台湾东方不败”;同时,该片在台湾北部信義區拍摄。 对于有观众质疑该片是《天下无贼》的翻版,演员王宝强说:“乡巴佬和傻根不同。傻根是真的傻,但是乡巴佬是个有点‘小滑头’的角色。” 该片中王宝强一改军人形象,而是以搞笑的风格出现,并且最终抱得美人归。 参考文献 外部链接 2012年中国电影作品 華語電影 中国喜剧片 中国剧情片
Ricengo (Cremasco: ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about east of Milan and about northwest of Cremona. Ricengo borders the following municipalities: Camisano, Casale Cremasco-Vidolasco, Casaletto di Sopra, Crema, Offanengo, Pianengo, Sergnano. References Cities and towns in Lombardy
In human neuroanatomy, the longitudinal striae (also striae lancisi or nerves of Lancisi) are two bundles of fibres embedded in the indusium griseum running along the corpus callosum of the brain. They were originally described by Italian physician, epidemiologist and anatomist Giovanni Maria Lancisi. The striae are categorized as medial longitudinal stria and lateral longitudinal stria; the area between the striae is a useful neurosurgical mark of the middle of the corpus callosum. After the indisium griseum curves along the rostrum of the corpus callosum the combined striae continue toward the amygdala as part of the diagonal band of Broca. References External links UMichAtlas n1a5p10 Neuroanatomy
每天爬楼梯40分钟一个星期可以瘦几斤?现在女性的工作很忙,很难有时间去锻炼,导致身材走样,想要减肥,但是很多女性又控制不住自己的食欲,所以一般会选择简单的运动进行减肥,而爬楼梯就是很多女性选择的运动之一,那么每天爬楼梯40分钟一个星期可以瘦几斤?第一、如果按照一般的楼梯10个台阶来计算,三层楼就有60个台阶,刚开始的时候强度不可以太大,只要上班、下班的时候爬上一百个来回即可。第二、如果决定爬楼梯来减肥,那么,就要注重爬楼梯的技巧了,上楼梯的时候,一步两个台阶,这种方法,可以使大腿肌肉得到锻炼及有效拉伸,但是下楼梯的时候则要一步一个台阶,这完全是出于对安全的考虑,但是要尽量放松,由于上楼梯的时候已经很费劲了,下楼梯的时候就要放松一下,依照这样的方法爬完楼梯大概需要40分钟左右,但是运动40分钟以后脂肪才开始消耗,前面只是消耗了身体中的水分。第三、爬完楼梯之后可以选择在家里跳操,如果是刚开始减肥的话,是承受不了太大的强度的,可以轻轻跟着歌曲的节奏,身体跟着摆动,承受适当的运动量即可,避免后面不能持续减肥,减肥,是一个持久战,所以必须坚持下去。第四、以上的运动坚持两周之后,可以逐渐加大运动量,从100个来回慢慢加大到120甚至130个来回,循序渐进,这样大概需要四十分钟左右。因此,大家千万不要太着急,减肥是需要耐力和毅力的。其实爬楼梯是可以减肥的,但是每天爬楼梯40分钟一个星期可以瘦几斤这个是不能保证的,这个根本没法估算,方法适不适合自己减肥先不说。你这样消耗的还不敢确定是脂肪,而且你的饮食也没用控制,可能你的消耗还没有摄入多,那你爬一年也不会减,只会增,小腿还会变粗。减肥药科学合理,依据个人身体情况去定制减肥计划。盲目的减肥只会适得其反。
艾原道(;),是天主教美國籍主教及方濟會會士。曾任武昌宗座監牧區宗座監牧(1925-1940年)。 生平 艾原道出生於1877年3月24日,美國俄亥俄州漢密爾頓縣的縣府辛辛那提。艾原道在14歲時加入方濟會,1900年1月18日22歲時晉鐸。1900年2月,被委派至堪薩斯州的東部萊昂縣,服務耶穌聖心堂。後來又返回辛辛那提,擔任聖額我略堂區主任司鐸。 1905年初,艾原道前往中國武昌傳教,並被委派在文學書院擔任老教。1908年初,赴湖湖北東部地區農村傳教。1910年調任至漢口聖若瑟堂,擔任湖北東境宗座代牧區主教公署主任。1913年返回美國,但在第一次世界大戰爆發後,又返到中國,提倡興辦教育,於武昌郎家巷創立文學中學,並擔任學校教務總監。 1925年7月17日,湖北東境宗座代牧區分出成立武昌宗座監牧區,艾原道被時任教宗庇護十一世 任命為首任武昌宗座監牧區宗座監牧。1926年初,艾原道回到美國參加芝加哥聖體大會 。1927年1月,艾原道出資,美籍德國何德美在漢北醫院創立育嬰堂,同年7月遷往花園山建立花園山育嬰堂。 1930年5月31日,武昌宗座監牧區升格為武昌宗座代牧區,艾原道升任宗座代牧。同年8月初,艾原道回美國辛辛那提,並於城外方濟會初學院避靜。9月17日在新墨西哥州聖菲聖方濟各聖殿主教座堂舉行晉牧典禮,由聖菲總教區總主教主禮,長沙代牧翁明德主教和宜昌宗座代牧顧學德主教襄禮,濟南、西安、長沙等地方濟會代表參禮。 1940年10月25日,艾原道主教在中華民國湖北省武昌聖若瑟醫院去世,享年63歲。後被安葬於武昌蛇山。1954年,將艾主教遺體遷移,埋葬於武昌教區主教公署院內(即今中南神哲學院)。 參考資料 A 俄亥俄州人
孕妇血糖高能吃什么主食?怀孕期间,胎盘会分泌一些荷尔蒙,使得血糖升高,大多数孕妇的身体能够产生更多的胰岛素来调节,以维持体内正常的血糖浓度。但是有少数孕妈咪身体内胰岛素制造量不够,让身体处于高血糖状态,妊娠糖尿病因而产生。孕妇血糖高应该多吃粗粮,或是粗粮和白米结合一起食用,因为这些食物中有较多的无机盐、人体所需元素和矿物质,而且富含膳食纤维,膳食纤维具有降低血糖的作用,对控制血糖有利,适合孕妇血糖高的粗粮:黑米,荞麦,玉米,糙米,燕麦和全麦面包等等。根茎及豆类,如黄豆、黑豆、绿豆、豇豆等能够饱肚的食物也能成为主食。最好是结合绿叶蔬菜一起食用,能把降低血糖的效果达到最好。荞麦,荞麦含有丰富的维生素E和可溶性膳食纤维,同时还含有烟酸和芦丁(芸香甙),芦丁有降低人体血脂和胆固醇、软化血管、保护视力和预防脑血管出血的作用。玉米,玉米中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,特别是亚油酸含量高达60%以上,它和玉米胚芽中维生素E协同作用,能有效降低血液胆固醇浓度,并防止其沉积于血管壁。小米,小米中的蛋白质含量要高于大米,且小米中的铁元素含量非常高,孕期主食中适量添加一些小米还有助于预防孕期贫血,用小米和其它粗粮交替或掺和吃(如荞麦面,燕麦等)也会降低血糖上升速度。预防方法:如果是因为怀孕才造成的血糖较高,等生完孩子后,血糖就会恢复到正常值。这一种情况不需要太多担心。如果是饮食不当造成的最好的方式是通过改善饮食来降血糖。吃饭不能太快,每顿饭不能吃太多,千万不能暴饮暴食,含糖量较高的食物更要远离,每天多次几顿饭,每顿饭控制量。孕妇还可以根据医生的指导去调整自己的饮食,坚持下去,定期去医院进行血糖筛查。
CrossBones is a 2005 American horror film about the curse of a deadly pirate being unleashed upon reality television contestants. The film was directed, co-written and co-produced by Daniel Zirilli. CrossBones was the last film to be photographed by cinematographer Neal Fredericks, who died in a plane accident while shooting aerial scenes for the film. Plot summary A group of people decide to be a part of a reality television show based around a treasure hunt on an island. Whichever contestant is lucky wins the ultimate prize. Unbeknownst to the contestants, an ancient curse from the ghostly pirate Blackbeard exists on the island. They unwittingly unleash the curse which results in a bloodbath. Partial cast Joseph Marino as Blackbeard Mayra Soto as Serena Hardy-Ames Hill as Tony Jessie Camacho as Audra Joe Jones as Martin J. Shin as Greedy G. Merlynne Williams as Melissa Kevin Hawke as Scott Kristin Ellich as Tris John Sanzari as Gus Release The DVD was released in Full Frame format with Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround and Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround audio formats for English viewing. There are English and Spanish subtitles. The special features are a photo gallery, a behind the scenes documentary, trailers for other Lion's Gate releases, and a commentary track. Reception Mitchell Hattaway of DVD Verdict wrote a negative review that concluded with "Bottom line: Cross Bones blows." Jon Condit of Dread Central said that the film seems to be a mix of the worst pirate films ever made, but stated that "one must admire the filmmaker's faith and exuberance in his project". J. Read of Monsters At Play said that the film started out well enough, but turned into a clichéd film. References External links 2005 films 2005 horror films American supernatural horror films American ghost films 2000s supernatural horror films Pirate films 2000s English-language films Films directed by Daniel Zirilli 2000s American films Cultural depictions of Blackbeard Films about curses
小行星3056()是一颗围绕太阳公转的小行星。1978年11月1日,K. Tomita在科索尔发现了此天体。 这颗小行星的绝对星等为346.70529等。 参考文献 小行星带天体 1978年发现的小行星
Turgutlu, also known as Kasaba (Cassaba or Casaba) is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 549 km2, and its population is 175,401 (2022). Its elevation is . The name derives from the name of the Turkish clan of "Turgutlu" (also cited as "Turgut" or "Turgutoğlu"), recorded as having provided the main support to the Beylik of Karaman during their time of existence and mentioned in historical records as an important political entity as late as the 18th century Iran. Their settlement in Turgutlu region is thought to have taken place some time in the 15th century at the same time as the Ottoman unification of Anatolia which resulted in the demise of Karamanids. That nearby Manisa was the center where Ottoman shahzades (crown princes) received their education must have placed the clan once again in a non-negligible position in their relations this time with the Ottoman dynasty. The term Casaba for melons derived from the name of the city, an echo of its 18th-19th century past when it was an important regional trade center and hub, located in the middle of a fertile alluvial plain and with access to outside markets through nearby İzmir. General features Turgutlu center is at a distance of 31 km to Manisa, to which it depends administratively, and at a distance of 50 km to the international portuary center of İzmir. Its closeness to these two metropolitan centers both of which have a deep and rooted history marked Turgutlu's destiny since its foundation in the 15th century. Today, the intense industrial activities in the even nearer İzmir district of Kemalpaşa also find considerable repercussions in Turgutlu, which itself has a reputation of being one of the prominent centers of soil industry in Turkey. There are 44 primary schools and 14 schools providing intermediate education in Turgutlu district, bringing together 1,189 teachers and 28,767 students. There is also a higher professional school, a department of Celal Bayar University, at the district center. The state hospital at Turgutlu center has a bed capacity of 250, and there are also eleven health centers, all corresponding to a health professionals corpus of 370, 135 of whom are doctors. At fifty-six per cent, Turgutlu district has the highest proportion of agricultural lands across Manisa Province districts in its territory, while the forest lands covering a total area close to twenty thousand hectares, are also of considerable extent. Composition There are 61 neighbourhoods in Turgutlu District: Acarlar Akçapınar Akköy Albayrak Altay Aşağıbozkır Atatürk Avşar Ayvacık Baktırlı Bozkır Bozkurt Çampınar Çatalköprü Çepnibektaş Çepnidere Çıkrıkçı Cumhuriyet Dağyeniköy Dalbahçe Derbent Ergenekon Gökgedik Güney Hacıisalar Irlamaz İstasyonaltı İstiklal İzzettin Kabaçınar Karaköy Karaoluk Kayrak Kurtuluş Kurudere Kuşlar Musacalı Musalaryeniköy Mustafa Kemal Ören Osmancık Özyurt Sarıbey Şehitler Selvilitepe Sinirli Sivrice Subaşı Temrek Turan Turgutlar Urganlı Yakuplar Yayla Yedieylül Yeni Yeniköy Yiğitler Yıldırım Yılmazlar Yunusdere Industry Reconstructed from scratch as of the 1920s, modern Turgutlu is, in addition to a productive agricultural sector, also an important industrial base structured under a Chamber of Industry founded in 1926. It is home to the production installations of Tukaş, one of the most prominent producers of canned food (principally vegetables and fruits) in Turkey, as well as to BMC (Turkey), the Turkish branch of the motor vehicle giant BMC, active principally in commercial vehicles, trucks and buses. The town's industrial sector as a whole displays as high a degree of dynamism as its agricultural production, with many small- and medium-sized enterprises active in various fields. Also Seramiksan, one of the leading tile manufacturers of Turkey specialized in the production of ceramic wall and floor tiles, glazed and technical porcelain tiles, has their production installations in Turgutlu. Experimental mining of nickel laterites by using a heap leach process in Mount Çal near Turgutlu started in 2005 by a Turkish subsidiary of European Nickel PLC. The reserves are estimated to be 33 million tons of ore at 1.13% Nickel and 0.08% cobalt content. The planned development of a nickel mine and processing plant could deeply influence the district's economy with a potential to become one of the most important investments in Turkey's Aegean Region. History İzmir-Kasaba Railway The town was an important regional trade center and hub already since the 18th century. It acquired further importance once it became the first terminus of the 93 km. Smyrna Cassaba Railway whose construction was started from İzmir in 1863 and which arrived in Kasaba in 1866. This railway was the third started within the territory of the Ottoman Empire at the time and the first finished within the present-day territory of Turkey. Instead of being laid along the direct route eastwards from İzmir to Turgutlu, about fifty kilometers in length, the line built drew a wide arc advancing first to the north-west from İzmir, through its Karşıyaka suburb to whose foundation it contributed greatly, and curves eastwards only from Menemen on, crossing the former sanjak and the present-day province center of Manisa to join Turgutlu from the north. Belkahve Pass between Mount Nif and Mount Sipylus on the direct road from İzmir and Turgutlu must have been judged too difficult for a track at the time. This railway was later extended further eastwards reaching a total length exceeding seven hundred kilometers but the operating company preserved the name Smyrna Cassaba. The first concession under the name was granted to a locally based English entrepreneur named Edward Price, who founded the company and built the line, and sold it in 1893 to the Franco-Belgian group Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, which extended it. The line was nationalized in 1934 by the young Republic of Turkey in the frame of a general move started in the 1920s regarding Turkey's railways. From 1867 until 1922, Turgutlu was part of the Aydin Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. The town was made into a kaza (district center) in 1868. During the final years of the Ottoman Empire, Kasaba was already a large town whose population well exceeded ten thousand people. During the 1910s, Kasaba was recorded by sources such as G. Sotiriadis (1918) and S. Anagiostopoulou (1997) as having a Greek population averaging at around one sixth of the total, between 3500 and 6000, in a subdistrict aggregate of thirty-five thousand and a center town population of around fourteen thousand. Turgutlu during the Turkish War of Independence Turgutlu remained under Greek occupation between 29 May 1919 and 7 September 1922. The most bitter blow suffered by the town has been the fire started by the retreating Greek army on 5 September 1922, and which has lasted for two whole days, destroying 6127 buildings in a total of 6328, the historic Pasha Mosque, and the 20000 manuscript books preserved in the town library, as well as at the very least a thousand human lives (based on the corpses that could be counted). The survival of another historical monument, the Hacı Zeynel Mosque and of the surrounding small agglomeration is locally still interpreted as divine intervention. According to a number of sources, the retreating Greek army carried out a scorched-earth policy while fleeing from Anatolia during the final phase of the war. According to a report of the Consul Park 90% of the buildings of the town were destroyed, as result of organized operations accompanied by several atrocities. Notable people Hilmi Özkök (born 1940), general, the former Chief of Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces Alberto Hemsi (1898–1975), Jewish composer References External links Turgutlu district governorship Turgutlu Chamber of Industry Various images of Turgutlu, Manisa All About Turgutlu | Kasaba Forums of Turgutlu | Kasaba Populated places in Manisa Province Districts of Manisa Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
合成第四十六旅(),又称“模范红五团”,是中国人民解放军陆军第七十九集团军下辖的一个中型合成旅,驻地辽宁省瓦房店市。 历史概述 该旅最早编制可追溯至1944年5月11日成立的冀鲁豫军区第八军分区。在教导教导三旅番号撤销后,其下属的第七团(前中国工农红军第一军团第二师第五团,“模范红五团”)也划归第八军分区建制。第八军分区后历经数次改革整編為第四十六師,“模範紅五團”也整編為第一三六團。 2017年编制改革,摩步第四十六師拆分出第一三九團與炮兵團成立輕型合成第四十七旅,餘部(第一三六團、裝甲團)整编为中型合成旅,为现有编制。 沿革 参考资料: 荣誉 模范红五团、红军团:前摩步第四十六师第一三六团,紅一軍團第二師第五團,现为本旅主体 平型关大战突袭连:前摩步第四十六师第一三六团九连,现为本旅合成三营九连 抗洪抢险英雄连:前摩步第四十六师第一三八团一连 参考来源 参见 注释 中国人民解放军陆军 1944年中国建立 1944年建立的军事组织 中国人民解放军陆军合成旅 中国人民解放军陆军中型合成旅 中国人民解放军陆军副师级单位 中国人民解放军中的前中国工农红军建制部队
小儿先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血的症状是什么?临床表现:发病年龄和贫血轻重差别极大,常在10岁以后才得到确诊。起病缓慢,多因贫血而就诊,并间断地出现黄疸和尿色的改变,肝、脾肿大,可见胆管梗阻现象。病程久的可继发含铁血黄素沉着症和血色病。运铁蛋白饱和度增高,59Fe利用率下降,清除增快。有些病人并有红细胞寿命缩短。成人患者中可见性腺发育障碍、甲状腺功能低下和非家族性糖尿病等表现,个别病人可继发肝硬化。型CDA:可见于婴儿期、儿童期、青春期。贫血:常为中度(血红蛋白大约9g/dL)且伴有大细胞性。肝、脾肿大:脾脏随年龄增长而增大,肝大及胆石症为常见的继发表现。黄疸:常为轻度,可能加重。型CDA :最常见,约占本症的60%,疾病在婴儿期、儿童期、青春期的表现不尽相同。又称为遗传性多核幼红细胞伴阳性酸溶血试验。贫血:溶血性贫血伴骨髓红系扩增,通常为中度贫血(9-10g/L),但是临床观察变异程度大,最严重的病例患者从出生起即需要输血。肝、脾肿大:常见肝脾肿大以及胆石症。黄疸:轻度,间歇性黄疸。型CDA:最少见的一个类型。患者均无显著症状。贫血:中~轻度正色素性贫血,一般病情稳定且预后良好。查体可见黄疸,无肝、脾、淋巴结肿大。诊断:根据临床贫血表现,间断性黄疸和尿色的改变,肝、脾肿大,继发含铁血黄素沉着症和血色病和实验室检查确诊。诊断依据1.良性、正色素性、难治性单纯贫血伴持续或间断性黄疸。2.网织红细胞不高。3.骨髓红系明显增生,骨髓中出现较多胞体较大的多核红细胞,粒系、巨核系细胞正常。4.可有地中海贫血样红细胞珠蛋白肽链的异常、HEMPAS抗原和i抗原的变化。5.可有阳性家族史。
Puteri Beach (), formerly Kundor Beach () is a 2.1 km long beach in the town of Tanjung Kling, in the Malaysian State of Malacca. It has been developed as a resort beach by the Malacca State Government since the 1990s. Various activities are found around the beach, ranging from fishing, camping as well as work place for fishermen. It also has night markets, hotels, food stalls and restaurants stretching along the road in parallel with the shore line. In April 2021, rock revetment was constructed along the beach to save it from coastal erosion which has spread over a length of 100 meters. See also Geography of Malaysia List of tourist attractions in Malacca References Beaches of Melaka Central Melaka District
索尼(;),或作鎖尼、索泥,满洲正黄旗人,赫舍里氏,清朝的開國功臣之一。索尼原是哈達部人,舉家皆通滿文及蒙文、漢文。努爾哈赤吞併哈達之後,索尼跟隨其家族及所部歸附,遂隶满洲正黄旗人。康熙四年(1665年),索尼的孫女(噶布喇之女)孝诚仁皇后成为康熙帝的皇后。康熙六年(1667年),一等公索尼去世後,谥号文忠。承襲公、伯爵的是:索尼第六子法保為一等公、第五子心裕繼承一等伯。 生平 索尼属于满洲赫舍里氏,满洲正黄旗人。其父硕色是大学士希福的兄长,清太祖时,他们就自海西女真哈达部携家眷来朝归顺。因为他们兄弟父子全都通晓满文及蒙、汉文字,所以太宗命硕色与希福一起入值文馆,赐号为“巴克什”,索尼以父荫入仕为一等侍卫。之后索尼从征界籓、栋夔等部。天聪元年(1627年),在宁锦之战中,索尼跟从皇太极攻打锦州,并在宁远周边侦察明军动向。 天聪三年(1629年),索尼跟从皇太极率大军突入内地,逼近明朝京师,史称“己巳之变”,明朝督师袁崇焕前来赴援,在北京城东南列营。贝勒豪格突入战阵,明军大举赶来,箭矢如雨,索尼跃马驰入战阵,斩杀明军,将皇长子豪格救出重围。 天聪四年(1630年),清军不战而降服了榛子镇、沙河驿,攻破了京东重镇永平,索尼率军驻守。天聪五年(1631年),索尼被提拔为吏部启心郎,跟从皇太极围攻大凌河,明军自锦州前来,索尼击败了他们。 天聪六年(1632年),索尼跟随清军征讨察哈尔,攻掠山西大同等地,夺取了阜台寨。很快清廷赠与他牛录章京世职,仍然在内院任职。崇德八年(1643年),朝廷考察他往日的功劳,进封为三等男爵。 崇德八年(1643年)九月二十一日,因為皇太极生前没有册立皇储,故而皇位空悬,所以睿亲王多尔衮与肃亲王豪格則两派矛盾骤发。从利害关系而论,两黄旗的大臣都希望由皇子继位,以继续保持两旗的优越地位。 在两黄、两红和两蓝六旗不支持的情势下,多尔衮急召索尼前去三官庙商议册立之事。索尼當時说:“先帝(皇太極)有皇子在,一定要在皇子中选立新君,其他的人都没有继承先帝之位的合理性。”当天晚上,巴牙喇纛章京图赖去拜访索尼,告诉一定要立皇子。第二天黎明,索尼和鳌拜等两黄旗大臣在大清门盟誓,令两黄旗巴牙喇兵张弓搭箭,围绕着宫殿站立,索尼率领他们去崇政殿商议新君。 顺治元年(1644年),索尼跟从睿亲王多尔衮率清军入关,进入了北京。 顺治二年(1645年),索尼晋封为二等精奇尼哈番。多爾袞解除了索尼启心郎的职位,但仍理六部之事,当时多尔衮专擅朝政,谭泰、巩阿岱、锡翰等人都背盟依附于多尔衮,只有索尼坚持不依附他。李自成当时兵败的时候焚烧了北京紫禁城的宫殿向西逃走,到如今开始商议重新修建,多尔衮也修建他的府邸,工部也偏向多尔衮,诸匠役也都去营建睿亲王府。佟机对多尔衮有不满,多尔衮很生气,想要杀他,索尼极力为其开脱,于是多尔衮愈加嫉恨索尼。 努爾哈赤第十二子阿济格藐视君上,将顺治帝视为幼儿,索尼将这件事告诉了多尔衮,希望多尔衮处置阿济格,多尔衮則对此事置之不理。多尔衮曾召集诸大臣商议分封诸王,索尼坚决认为不可。巩阿岱、锡翰向睿亲王多尔衮进言:“索尼是不想让王爷执掌天下啊。”并请求多尔衮处置索尼,多尔衮也不准许。后来索尼揭发谭泰私自藏匿谕旨,谭泰因此而被削爵;于是他也告发索尼把内库的漆琴私自赠与他人,索尼也被削爵。 顺治三年(1646年),章京图赖弹劾谭泰,谭泰心怀不满词语之中涉及索尼。顺治初年,清军分道进剿西安的农民军,谭泰迟迟才去,并且无战功。到了豫亲王多铎进攻江南的时候,谭泰与图赖都说不愿前去。图赖将这件事告诉了索尼,让他上奏睿亲王多尔衮。传书的人知道这件事私自处理,害怕谭泰获罪,将书信沉到了河里,图赖重提了这件事,逮捕了送信的塞尔特谎称书信已经交给了索尼。索尼获罪之後,诸大臣商论索尼之罪当斩,多尔衮亲自去审讯索尼。索尼说:“我之前告发了谭泰藏匿诏书的罪,如今会扣掉图赖的书信维护他吗?”多尔衮又去审讯送信之人,之后真相大白。索尼不久就恢复了世职,然而多尔衮和谭泰等人依然非常记恨索尼。 顺治五年(1648年),正值清明时节,睿亲王多尔衮遣索尼去盛京拜祭昭陵,将要出发之时,贝子屯齐诬告索尼与图赖等人改立肃亲王豪格,论罪当处死,朝廷予以从轻处理,索尼被夺官抄家,安置到了昭陵。 顺治八年(1651年),顺治帝亲政之后特召索尼回来,恢复之前的世职,並累进世袭一等伯爵,提拔为内大臣兼议政大臣、总管内务府,成为顺治帝的首席满洲大臣。索尼在任其间,严明法度,力求赏罚分明。他提出一个重要的建议,除了开国元勋的官职可享受世袭,今后如果没有特殊的战功,不要再轻赐世袭的待遇。他还主张打击奸商,抑制豪强。他的这些政治主张的实施,对缓和社会矛盾,推动经济发展发挥了积极作用。 顺治十八年(1661年),經過了十幾年,顺治皇帝因為天花而病逝,顺治皇帝遗诏令三皇子玄烨继位,并以索尼、苏克萨哈、遏必隆、鳌拜四人共同辅政。自此,他们开始了长达八年的辅政。在辅政的最初二三年里,他们遵循誓言,颇能和衷共济,对清政权的巩固发挥了积极作用。在军事上,继续扫荡南明残余势力和农民军余部的抗清斗争,完成对全国的完全统一。索尼等四大辅臣决策,通令各地安插流民,提倡垦荒,开奖励条例,显见成效,耕地面积稳步增长。还实行赈济蠲免,以纾民力。四大辅臣采取一系列恢复发展农业生产的措施,很快使残破的农业出现新的局面。朝鲜做了这样的评论:“府库充溢,年谷屡登,人物繁盛。” 四大辅臣在政治上的建树,一是遵照顺治帝遗嘱,裁撤十三衙门,以重建内务府而代之,从而便消除了阉宦乱政的可能性。二是整顿吏治,定考核,严奖罚,加强对各级官吏的监督。这对于扫除前明贪风的影响,提高办事效率,是一个良好的开端。所有这些进展,都是在他们通力合作的情况下取得的。它为将来的康熙皇帝亲政奠定了治理國家的基础。 康熙六年(1667年)三月,輔政大臣索尼等奏請皇上親政,康熙皇帝諭曰:「朕年尚幼衝,天下事務殷繁未能料理,欲再俟數年」。輔政大臣屢行陳奏,康熙皇帝再三未允,輔政大臣等奏:「世祖章皇帝亦於十四歲親政,今主上年德相符,天下事務總攬裕如懇切奏請」。康熙皇帝率乃輔政大臣往奏太皇太后,太皇太后懿曰:「以帝尚幼衝,如爾等俱謝政,天下事何能獨理,緩一二年再奏」。輔政大臣等複奏:「主上躬親萬幾,臣等仍行佐理」。太皇太后俞允,擇吉親政,其吉期禮部選擇以聞。 康熙六年(1667年)三月三十日,議政王貝勒大臣等遵上會議:「索尼於所有一等伯外,應授為一等公」。康熙皇帝下令索尼授為一等公。 康熙六年(1667年)四月一日,索尼疏辭一等公爵。康熙帝諭曰:「覽卿奏具見誠悃,但錫爵酬庸,國家大典,卿宣力累朝,忠猷茂著膺茲寵秩,於理允符,著即祇遵成命,不必遜辭」。 康熙六年(1667年)四月二十一日,輔政大臣一等公索尼原所有一等伯,康熙皇帝命索尼第五子心裕襲替。 康熙六年(1667年)六月二十三日,索尼因年邁染痾因病過世,年方六十七歲。康熙皇帝予故輔政大臣一等公索尼祭葬,謚號:文忠。加賜鞍馬二匹、銀二千兩。加祭四次。 康熙六年(1667年)七月七日,康熙帝躬親大政,御太和殿。 索尼病逝之前曾上書请求康熙帝亲政天下,但是,康熙皇帝並没有马上答应,反而更要褒奖索尼忠心为国等語並加授一等公,与前授一等伯一起世袭。索尼力辞一等公爵,康熙皇帝没有准许。 史籍記載 《欽定八旗通志 卷一百四十七》(索尼)年已老矣且有疾,康熙六年三月,與輔臣等奏請聖祖仁皇帝親政。四月,上諭吏部曰:輔政大臣伯索尼太祖高皇帝時黽勉效力、太宗文皇帝任以内外大事悉能果斷殫厥忠誠、世祖章皇帝時亦任以内外大事竭忠純篤,以其勲舊忠貞堪受重託遺詔俾令輔政恪遵顧命夙夜靖共厥績茂焉,今既染疴且復年邁,宜特加恩寵以示酬庸之典,下王大臣會議,晉一等公與前所授一等伯並世襲。索尼以寵榮逾分悚仄難安陳情辭一等公爵。得㫖:嘉奬仍令祇遵成命不必遜辭。是年七月卒,賜祭有加禮,諡文忠。以第五子心裕襲一等伯。第六子法保襲一等公。 家族 穆瑚禄都督 特赫讷 祖父:瑚什穆巴颜 父亲,硕色巴克什硕色 辅政大臣、一等公索尼。 子,噶布喇,一等公、領侍衛內大臣。 孙女,孝诚仁皇后,康熙帝嫡后、结发妻子。 孙女,平妃,康熙帝妃。 孙女,适一等公法喀。 孙子,常泰,官至领侍卫内大臣,袭一等公。 孙子,常海,佐领。 曾孙女,康熙帝第十子允䄉福晋。 曾孙,纶布,官至头等侍卫,后袭一等公。 三子,索額圖,官至保和殿大学士、户部尚书、议政大臣。 孙子,格尔芬,官至詹事府詹事。 孙子,阿尔吉善。 孙女,众圣保(早夭) 孙女,乌云珠(汉译为九十),又名蕊仙,适文华殿大学士伊桑阿, 著有《绚春堂吟草》。慎郡王允禧称其“天资颖异,浏览经史,过目不忘,有大家风范。” 五子,心裕,袭一等伯,官至领侍卫内大臣、都统。 孙子,令德,官至散秩大臣,后袭一等伯 六子,法保,袭一等公,官至内大臣。 孙子,法尔萨,袭一等伯,官至散秩大臣 孙子,达尔马,袭一等公,官至副都统 孙子,那思泰 女,适安和亲王岳樂。 女,适豫親王多鐸第四子贝勒察尼。 叔父,大学士、三等子爵希福。 族弟,内大臣,袭三等子奇塔特。 族弟,漕运总督,礼部尚书,帅颜保。 族侄,内务府总管,工部尚书,赫奕。 族孙,内阁学士、礼部侍郎、袭一等子爵嵩寿。 相關文藝作品 影視作品 延伸阅读 参考文献 文獻 《清史稿》列传三十六(卷249) 《康熙朝實錄》 《清朝文献通考》 《八旗满洲氏族通谱》 引用 議政王大臣 清朝外戚 H H S 諡文忠
女生的性冷淡什么原因?性冷淡是对性生活没有兴趣,能够造成性生活不和谐。引起女性性冷淡的原因有很多,性生活的时候,丈夫没有特别关注妻子的想法,有的时候用力过猛或者是前戏不够,没有达到性兴奋的状态进入性生活。有些女性有人流史,容易产生恐惧,长期压制性欲造成性冷淡。也有可能是由于疾病或者是服用药物造成的性冷淡现象。需要增进夫妻间感情,积极治疗疾病。女性出现性冷淡,常常考虑是由于雌激素下降、心理因素和阴道炎症引起,或者是慢性的盆腔炎以及腺肌症,导致同房有明显的疼痛不适,因而惧怕同房出现性冷淡表现。所以对于性冷淡的女性,需要做白带常规、彩超、激素六项等来确诊其性冷淡的具体原因。如果是由于雌激素低下引起,可以考虑局部使用欧维婷,同时服用后补佳乐来进行治疗。如果是由于阴道炎症引起,常常可以考虑对症的阴道上药治疗。如果是由于心理因素引起,这时候就必须找心理医生进行开导解惑。性冷淡也分为生理性和心理性两种,生理性主要表现是,在房事时,爱抚无反应,或者快感反应不足,性交时阴道没有爱液,或爱液分泌过少,干涩,疼痛,没有性爱快感,或者快感不足,缺乏性高潮,性器官发育不良,或性器官萎缩,细胞缺水,活性不足,心理上的症状主要是,对性爱恐惧厌倦,并且有抵触心理,对性爱的认识不足,当作义务或程序,投入程度不够,受传统观念意识影响,性爱时不主动,感觉羞耻。居住的条件,居住在杂乱无章,通风不良,过于拥挤的环境中,不仅会引起心绪不佳,而且由于室内新鲜空气不足,导致大脑供氧不足,影响性功能,使性欲降低。感情不协调,人类与其他动不同,性欲的产生并不是单纯的生物本能,多由爱情所引发。健康状况不良,只有身心都健康的人才能长期保持较高的性欲水平。
亞歷山大·特拉伊科夫斯基( Aleksandar Trajkovski,,)是一名北馬其頓足球運動員,司職前鋒,翼鋒,現効力於沙特職業足球聯賽球會艾費哈。 球會生涯 查高夫斯基年青時在錫曼達利卡55(FK Cementarnica 55)開始職業球員生涯,2010年5月,他曾到英超球會車路士參加試訓,在U-19阿姆斯特丹盃中對保地花高的比賽中攻入致勝一球,協助球隊進入準決賽。他於2010年夏天與國際沙柏列斯簽約。賽季後半段的出色表現引起了克羅地亞勁旅薩格勒布戴拿模的興趣,但查高夫斯基表示他對轉會不感興趣。在賽季結束後,比利時球隊安德列治有興趣購買查高夫斯基,但他們提出的500,000歐元的轉會費被拒絕 。最終國際沙柏列斯接受了比利時球隊華雷根的110萬歐元報價正式轉會。 參考 外部連結 Profile at Macedonian Football LaLiga Profile 1992年出生 在世人物 北马其顿男子足球运动员 足球翼鋒 足球前鋒 2020年歐洲足球錦標賽球員 祖爾特瓦雷根球員 比甲球員 梅赫倫球員 意甲球員 巴勒莫球員 意乙球員 馬略卡球員 阿爾堡球員 克甲球員 西乙球員 西甲球員 丹超球員 比利時外籍足球運動員 沙特阿拉伯外籍足球運動員 義大利外籍足球運動員 西班牙外籍足球運動員 克羅地亞外籍足球運動員 丹麥外籍足球運動員
巴克斯堡()是位於美國肯塔基州卡洛威縣的一個非建制地區。 地理 巴克斯堡所處的海拔為高於海平面132米(即433英呎),而該地所採用的時區為UTC-6,即北美中部時區(CST)。同時該地設有夏令時間,為UTC-6調快一小時,即UTC-5(CDT)。 參考文獻 肯塔基州非建制地區 卡洛威縣非建制地區 (肯塔基州)
宫颈息肉会不会引起出血?宫颈息肉是生活中非常多见的妇科疾病,很多的女性朋友由于某种原因使得自己患上了此病,患者患病后会出现阴道出血的现象,女性宫颈息肉出血的原因也是非常多的,如果女性进行性生活话就有可能会出现阴道出血。最近这几年,有很大一部分女性患上了宫颈息肉这种疾病,此病不仅会严重影响患者的生活和工作,而且此病还会导致患者出现阴道流血的现象,很多的患者不知道宫颈息肉为什么会流血,其实引起宫颈息肉出血的原因非常多,那么为什么宫颈息肉会出血呢。宫颈息肉是慢性宫颈炎的一种表现,也是宫颈疾病中非常常见疾病之一,此病较多见于已婚妇女中,所谓的宫颈息肉,其实就是长在宫颈管口处的赘生物,这些赘生物是宫颈黏膜增生过度所导致的,在临床上将这些赘生物组织成为宫颈息肉,宫颈息肉的表面有一层有丰富微血管,宫颈息肉颜色鲜红而且质地非常的柔软,因此非常容易出血。很大一部分女性患上宫颈息肉之后出现了出血的现象,其实引起宫颈息肉出血的原因也是非常多的,首先阴道不规则出血是宫颈息肉这种疾病最为多见的疾病症状,如果患者在性生活的时候是很容易出现出血的,因为患者在进行性生活的时候,男性的阴茎与宫颈有着直接的接触,会在一定程度上对息肉造成摩擦和刺激,因此女性就会出现出现的现象。我们大家都知道宫颈息肉的发生和女性的宫颈炎症有着非常密切的关系,因此如果患者的宫颈炎症没有治愈的话,就会导致息肉逐渐的长大,较大的息肉就会堵在宫颈口处,甚至还会突出宫颈口,这样在大便的时候就非常容易触碰到宫颈息肉,因此患者就会有出血的情况发生。大家都知道,很多的女性患上宫颈息肉以后,都会出现阴道不规则出血的现象,患者的出血量有时多有时少,其实不管出血量多少都会给患者造成一定的影响,因此患者不仅要多了解此病的相关知识,而且还要及时的治疗此病。
杨东生(),原名协饶登珠(),又名东周,男,藏族,四川金川人,中华人民共和国政治人物。 生平 杨东生是四川省阿坝州金川县集沐乡雅京村人。1935年,参加红军红三十三军。抗日战争期间,担任新四军第四师第六支队中队指导员、第二十六团电台队长。此后担任华东野战军十二纵淮南情报总站教导员。中华人民共和国成立后,担任西藏自治区筹备委员会委员。1961年,出任西藏自治区筹备委员会副主任委员。1965年,任中共西藏工委副书记兼西藏民族学院副院长。1965年,任中共西藏自治区党委书记处书记、西藏自治区政府副主席。1971年,任中共西藏自治区党委书记。1977年,任西藏自治区政协副主席。1981年,任西藏自治区人大常委会主任。 参考文献 Dong 金川縣人 藏族中国共产党党员 中华人民共和国藏族高级干部 西藏自治区人大常委会主任 西藏自治區政協副主席 西藏自治區人民政府副主席 西藏自治区筹备委员会副主任委员 中共西藏自治區黨委委員 第五届全国政协常务委员 藏族全國政協委員 第一届全国人大代表 第二届全国人大代表 第三届全国人大代表 第四届全国人大代表 第五届全国人大代表 西藏自治區全國人民代表大會代表 西藏地方全國人大代表 藏族全國人大代表
Paul Gustav Eduard Speiser (1877–1945) was a German entomologist who specialised in Diptera. Speiser was first a physician, then a Medizinalrat, a medical adviser to a district. He worked on world Diptera, especially Nycteribiidae, and was an eminent medical entomologist. Works (Partial list) 1900. Venti Specie di Zanzare (Culicidae) Italiane Classate e Descritte e Indicate Secondo la Loro Distribuzione corologica. Centralblatt Bact. Parasit und Infektioskrankheiten 28: 297–402. 1901. Ueber die Nycteribiiden, Fledermausparasiten aus der Gruppe der pupiparen Dipteren. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 66: 31–70. 1902. Studien Uber Diptera Pupipara. Z. Syst. Hym. Dipt. 2: 145–180. 1902. Diptera (Supplement). Diptera Pupipara. Fauna Hawaiiensis 3(2): 86–92. 1908. Dipteren aus Deutschlands afrikanischen Kolonien. Berl. Ent. Z. 52: 127–149. 1910. Orthorhapha. Orthorhapha Brachycera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umbgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjöstedt. Diptera. P. Palmquists. 2. 65–112. 1923. Aethiopische Dipteren. Weiner Entomologische Zeitung. 40: 81–99. 1904. Zur Nomenclatur blutsaugender Dipteren Amerikas. Insektenbörse 21: 148. 1907. Check-list of North American Diptera Pupipara. Entomological News 18: 103–105. 1908. Die geographische Verbreitung der Diptera pupipara und ihre Phylogenie. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 4: 437–447. References Evenhuis, N. L. 1997: Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758–1930). Volume 1 (A–K); Volume 2 (L–Z). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers 1; 2 VII+1–426; 427–871. 1877 births 1945 deaths German entomologists Dipterists
凤翔站是位于陕西省宝鸡市凤翔区长青镇马道口村的一个铁路车站,邮政编码721400。车站建于1995年,有宝中铁路经过该站,现办理客货运业务,车站及其上下行区间均已电气化。车站距离宝鸡站36公里,隶属西安铁路局,是四等站。 相邻车站 参考资料 宝中铁路车站 宝鸡市铁路车站 凤翔区 1995年启用的铁路车站
降血脂的蔬菜都有哪些?高脂血症,即高血脂的人越来越多,而且还有年轻化的趋势。所以,降血脂已经成为现代生活的热门话题之一。很多人都喜欢选择保健品来降血脂,但其实,一些廉价的天然食品比这些加工品效果来得更好,譬如蔬菜就是降脂的天然食物。降血脂的蔬菜都有以下几种:1、茄子,茄子皮内含有丰富的维生素P,有显著的降低血脂和胆固醇的功能。维生素P还可以增加毛细血管的弹性,改善微循环,具有明显的活血、通脉功能。此外,茄子中还含有大量的皂草甙,也能降低血液中的胆固醇。因此,茄子对于高血压、动脉硬化的患者来说是理想的食物。2、苦瓜,苦瓜性凉味苦,含有较多的苦瓜皂甙,可刺激胰岛素释放,有非常明显的降血糖作用,苦瓜中维生素B1、维生素C和多种矿物质的含量都比较丰富,能调节血脂、提高机体免疫力的作用,又有“植物胰岛素”的美称。3、辣椒含维生素C的比例在所有食物中最高。维生素C可以改善机体微循环,减低毛细血管脆性,同时维生素C还能够降低胆固醇的含量,是一种天然的降脂食物。日本学者发现,辣椒素调味能促进脂肪的新陈代谢,防止体内脂肪的积存,因而有降脂和减肥的功效。高血脂的患者在饮食上应该注意严格选择胆固醇含量低的食品,如蔬菜、豆制品、瘦肉、海蜇等,尤其是多吃含纤维素多的蔬菜,可以减少肠内胆固醇的吸收。不过,不能片面强调限制高脂肪的摄入,因为一些必需脂肪酸的摄入对身体是有益的。适量的摄入含较多不饱和脂肪酸(控制饱和脂肪酸)的饮食是合理的。
玉畹梵芳(),日本佛教禅宗僧人、画家、诗人及书法家。他作为画家,专攻水墨画创作,他在日本京都两座重要的寺院建仁寺和南禅寺做住持。 参考 室町和安土桃山時代僧人 临济宗僧人 日本画家 日本書法家 水墨畫家 日本詩人