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聖法大長老(, )是一位斯里蘭卡比丘和資深禪修老師。他是Sri Kalyani Yogasrama Samstha的精神顧問，多年來一直居住在。2011年他搬到了Meetirigala Dharmayatanaya以幫助振興這個長期的學問和修行的道場。他曾十一次前往緬甸，第一次是去修習馬哈希的內觀禪法，1996年前往毛淡棉的帕奧禪林，幾個星期內修成了十遍處和四禪八定。他辨識了他的過去世與未來世，瞭解到過去世他一直都在持續不斷地禪修以及學習佛法，因此才有這一世的禪修成就。在未來世，他輪迴一千八百世後，他將會成佛。他逝世後在以國禮舉行荼毘大典。參考文獻外部連結斯里蘭卡佛教出家眾上座部佛教出家眾
怎么区别胃疼和结石痛？肚子疼是我们对腹内器官疼痛的统称，最常见的消化道疾病有胃病和胆结石，这两种疾病的疼痛感就经常被人们混淆。很多人以为自己患了胃病，喝药治了一段时间，并没有效果，其实是患了胆结石。人体的内脏位置比较紧密，有时光凭感觉是无法分辨到底是哪个部位病变了，应该及时去医院检查，确诊之后再对症进行治疗。胃疼和胆结石疼，疼痛部位一样，但是一般胃疼在喝药之后，疼痛就会有所缓解，一旦出现了久治不愈的情况，很可能患者就不是胃病，而是胆结石。胆结石疼的时候，如果变换体位躺着，可能疼痛就有所缓解，而如果是胃疼则与体位没有关系，患者可以根据这些做出简单的判断。结石痛主要是右上腹部疼痛，有的患者会放射到右肩疼，胆结石疼痛会反复发作，时间长的会持续数十年，疼痛表现为间断性的钝痛。根据人体内脏的构造图，我们可以知道胆，胃以及十二指肠等内脏都是相邻的，当有胆囊疼痛的症状的时候，很容易被我们当成是胃疼。当结石有阻塞胆管的时候，患者还会有恶心，呕吐和发热的症状。胃疼是上腹部有疼痛，疼起来的感觉是烧灼样，牙齿咬着或是感觉饿了似的疼痛，胃疼的时候，如果患者吃饭，喝水之后，疼痛就会有所缓解。饮食方面避免高草酸饮食，限制菠菜、香菜、甜菜、豆类、番茄、果仁、可可、巧克力、等食物，低盐饮食，避免动物内脏、少食鱼和咖啡。平时多喝水、多运动，这样有利于防治结石。胃有问题的话平时清淡饮食为主，不吃辛辣刺激性东西，不喝酒，不食生冷冰冻的食物。
富士X100S 是一款固定镜头数码相机，是富士X100的续作，发布于2013年1月。尽管外壳与 X100非常相似，然而当时富士强调了，通过对内部的改造成功解决了第一代X100存在的问题，并重新组装完成。X100S一经推出，西方国家的用户就开始将其与徕卡 M系列的相机比较。外形与X100高度相似，仅在前脸和机顶有红色的S字样以示区别。 2014年9月，富士更新了产品线，推出X100T替换了X100S。概述前作 FinePix X100 在爱好者中叫好又叫座，富士胶片也在2012年推出了自己的无反光板可换镜头数码相机X系统，X-Pro1 和 X-E1，继续在外形上延续X100的复古风格，同时使用了X-Trans方式排布的传感器。富士公司在X100S上保留了之前好评的23mm镜头、镜间快门和混合式取景器等设计，同时将传感器升级为“X-Trans CMOSII”，取消了低通滤镜，内嵌相位对焦点，同时将像素提升到1600万，使得画质相对前作X100有显著提升。这代的产品名称上，也不像前作X100带有FinePix，而是直接写作Fujifilm X100S，标志着其属于新的高端X系列品牌。参数与功能固定不可更换的富士龙 23mm镜头，最大光圈F2 X-Trans II 排布的1600万cmos传感器镜间快门，最高提供1/4000s快门速度，几乎相同的同步速度混合式取景器数码裂像（Digital Split Image focus）与峰值对焦 SD卡存储，兼容Eye-Fi卡黑色限量版自前作X100发布，银黑的复古配色成为了相机业界的新宠。除了富士自己的后续机型外，业界中Olympus OM-D E-M5、Nikon DF以及Panasonic Lumix GX7都有采用银黑配色的类复古机型机身设计。富士则考虑有部分爱好者希望低调的心理，推出了全黑涂色的X100S机型，以供选择。与X100相比的差异 1630万像素 Fujifilm X-Trans CMOS II 传感器替代了1230万像素的拜耳阵列（相机常用的色彩滤镜）CMOS传感器。重新设计了菜单快速菜单 (Q) 按钮使用了 X-Trans 阵列（之前仅用在X-E1与X-Pro1产品线），而不是拜耳样式。为了让图像更锐利，取消了光学低通滤波器（低通滤镜）。 X-Trans CMOS II传感器的相位检测把自动对焦速度提升到0.08秒（前提是光照条件好）；调焦环旋转得越快，焦距变化越快（电子对焦环更像机械对焦环了）。重新组织了对焦模式切换选项，以使最常用的功能（自动单点对焦，AF-S和手动对焦，MF）包围最不常用的功能（连续自动对焦，AF-C），从而提高操作效率。更改了混合取景器切换按钮的形状，单手操作更容易。允许用户默认一键选择自动对焦点。反响 X100S一经推出受到普遍好评：美国相机评测网站Digital Photography Review 打了一个81%的评分，并且颁发了一个“金奖牌”（gold award），称其为“非常讨人喜欢，功能强大的相机，而且这个机器有些压箱底的功能（with some useful tricks up its sleeve）”。 Photography Life评分4.6 分，满分5分，并称其为“惊人的相机”. 相关附件 X100上使用的附件，大多可以在X100S上共用。镜头转接镜头遮光罩 LH-X100 附加镜 WCL-X100，安装之后可以为X100提供等效的28mm视角附加镜 TCL-X100，安装之后可以为X100提供等效的50mm视角转接环 AR-X100 热靴闪光灯闪光灯 EF-42 闪光灯 EF-20 闪光灯 EF-X20 包皮革包 LC-X100 参考与引用参见富士胶片富士胶片 X系列富士胶片 FinePix X100 —— 前作富士胶片 X100T —— 续作 X-Trans 外部链接富士X100S主题站 Fujifilm X100S Fujifilm 中国富士數位相機固定镜头相机
草甸老鹳草（学名：）为牻牛儿苗科老鹳草属下的一个变种。喜湿润，生于林缘、林下、灌丛间及山坡草甸和河边湿地。参考文献扩展阅读 C
Jóhann Laxdal (born 27 January 1990) is an Icelandic football player, currently playing for Icelandic football club Stjarnan. He's played over 100 games for Stjarnan since breaking into the first-team in 2007. His brother Daníel Laxdal also plays for Stjarnan. Daníel has played the most games for Stjarnan in the Icelandic top league as of 28 September 2013, 107 games, but Jóhann himself isn't far behind, as he's third with 101 games. International career On 14 August 2013 Jóhann played his first cap in a friendly against the Faroe Islands. References External links 1990 births Living people Johann Laxdal Johann Laxdal Men's association football defenders Johann Laxdal Johann Laxdal Stjarnan players Úrvalsdeild karla (football) players Johann Laxdal
冰島足球丙組聯賽(3. deild karla) (E. Men's Third Division) 是由冰島足球協會舉辦的職業足球聯賽，是冰島聯賽系統中第四等級的聯賽，於1982年舉辦首屆賽事。2013年賽季由10支球隊幾雙循環形式對賽。冰島足球
Walnut Hill Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church meeting house in Lexington, Kentucky. The church building was constructed in 1801 on land donated by Mary Todd Lincoln's grandfather Levi Todd. It replaced a log meetinghouse which had been built in 1785. It is a stone structure which had two rows of square windows. It was renovated in 1880; the renovation replaced the square windows by Gothic shaped ones. Stone front steps were donated in 1900. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. References External links Walnut Hill Presbyterian website Presbyterian churches in Kentucky National Register of Historic Places in Lexington, Kentucky Churches completed in 1801 19th-century Presbyterian church buildings in the United States Churches in Lexington, Kentucky 1801 establishments in Kentucky Gothic Revival church buildings in Kentucky Lincoln family
Pyrgocythara danae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. Description The length of the shell attains 4.5 mm, its diameter 1.7 mm. (Original description) The minute shell is whitish, with a narrow brown band below the periphery in front of which the suture is laid. The protoconch is small with 1½ polished whorls followed by 4½ sculptured whorls. The suture is distinct, undulated not appressed. The spiral sculpture consists of a strong cord at the periphery angulating the whorls, with smaller threads (sometimes alternated) covering the rest of the surface with about equal interspaces. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl 10) slightly sigmoid ribs, widest at the periphery, reaching the suture and fading out on the base, with narrower interspaces. On the obscure anal fasciole the interspaces are markedly concave. The aperture is narrow. The anal sulcus is wide and shallow. The outer lip is varicose. The inner lip is smooth. The columbella is straight. The siphonal canal is hardly differentiated. Distribution This marine species occurs in the Sea of Cortez, Western Mexico References Further reading danae Gastropods described in 1919
北聖多明戈斯（），是巴西的城鎮，位於該國東南部，由聖埃斯皮里圖州負責管轄，始建於1993年，面積298,708平方公里，海拔高度180米，2010年人口8,001，人口密度每平方公里26.79人。參考資料 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - 圣埃斯皮里图州市镇巴西城市
Mordellistena pallidoptera is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Khalaf in 1971. References Beetles described in 1971 pallidoptera
Thomas Levett-Prinsep (born Thomas Levett; 1800/1–1849) was an English landowner in Derbyshire and Staffordshire. He took on the additional name of Prinsep on inheriting his uncle's holding of Croxall Hall. Life He was born at Wychnor Park in Wychnor, Staffordshire, the third son of Theophilus Levett, High Sheriff of Staffordshire. He was educated at Eton College, and matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in 1828, aged 17. In 1835, Levett inherited Croxall Hall in Derbyshire. Croxall Hall descent Croxall Hall is located eight miles (13 km) southwest of Burton-on-Trent. The Curzon family held it for 15 consecutive generations. Mary Curzon, the heiress of the Curzon family and governess to the Royal Family, married Sir Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset. John Prinsep Esq., India merchant and progenitor of the Anglo-Indian family of the same name, purchased the property from George Sackville, 4th Duke of Dorset, and became lord of the manor. The Prinseps became well known for the cattle they bred at their Croxall estate, which at was said to be the biggest family farm in Derbyshire at the time. Croxall Hall is near to Catton Hall, once a property of the Anson family, who later intermarried with the Levetts of nearby Milford Hall, distant relations of Thomas Levett-Prinsep. Thomas Prinsep, High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1802, died without an heir, and so left Croxall Hall to his nephew, the son of Theophilus Levett of Wychnor Hall, High Sheriff of Staffordshire, who had married in 1794 Frances Prinsep, daughter of John Prinsep of Croxall Hall, and sister of Thomas Prinsep. Prinsep left his property to his nephew Levett on condition that he adopt the name and coat of arms of Prinsep in addition to Levett. Later life Following his second marriage, Thomas Levett-Prinsep (as now he was) returned to Croxall Hall, which he had inherited from his father. He renovated the Hall, and built The Grange to manage his farmland. The couple moved to nearby Walton Hall, Walton-on-Trent. Levett-Prinsep was a Derbyshire JP, member of the Tamworth Board of Guardians, and cattle breeder in Derbyshire. He died suddenly while crossing Teignmouth Harbour. Family and legacy Levett married: In 1831 Margaret, the daughter of Scottish merchant David Monro, a seigneur, businessman and political figure in Lower Canada who, after building a fortune in the Canadian ironworks, left North America and moved to Bath, Somerset. Following Margaret's death, in 1838 as his second wife Caroline Mary Templer. She was the daughter of Rev. John James Templer of Newton Abbot in Devon, the Rector of Teigngrace and a member of the Templer family who owned Stover House and the Stover Estate in Devon – later sold due to Templer family financial troubles to Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset. Rev. Templer's other daughter Henrietta was married to Thomas Levett-Prinsep's elder brother Theophilus Levett, who had inherited the Levett family's Wychnor Park. His children, surname Levett-Prinsep, included: A daughter of the first marriage, Margaret Catherine Levett-Prinsep, born in 1837 in Bath. In 1860 she married her cousin Robert Thomas Kennedy Levett, son of John Levett and his wife, the former Sophia Eliza Kennedy, of Wychnor Park. Thomas Prinsep Levett (died 1938), George Arthur Monro Levett (died 1940) and Robert Kennedy Levett were their children. A son, also Thomas Levett-Prinsep, heir to the Croxall estate at his early death in 1849. He married on 23 June 1868, at Stokenham, Devon, Georgina Holdsworth, daughter of Arthur Bastard Easterbrook Holdsworth of Widdicombe House (son of Arthur Howe Holdsworth): Their daughter Katherine Mary married in 1896 Lt. Col. Henry Edward Disbrow Wise, CBE, and their son Thomas Arthur Levett-Prinsep, born 1879, married in 1907 Margaret Noel Simpson, from a Yorkshire clerical family; they were the parents of Thomas Francis Anthony Levett-Prinsep (1908–1983), an artist known as Anthony Prinsep. The Levett-Prinsep heirs sold Croxall Hall in 1920, and moved to the West Country, closer to family relations there. The family eventually inherited Widdicombe House in Kingsbridge, Devon. References Sources The Levetts of Staffordshire, Dyonese Levett Haszard, Milford, Staffordshire, privately printed Victoria County History: A History of the County of Stafford, M.W. Greenslade, R.B. Pugh (editors) Date of birth unknown 1849 deaths Thomas People from the Borough of East Staffordshire People from Derbyshire (before 1895) People educated at Eton College Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford High Sheriffs of Derbyshire Year of birth uncertain
脉压缩小的鉴别诊断？临床上应注意鉴别引起脉压缩小的疾病，以便得到及时治疗。引起脉压减小的常见疾病：心包大量积液、缩窄性心包炎、严重的二尖瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣狭窄、重度心力衰竭、末梢循环衰竭、休克以及由于肥胖、血液粘稠度增高或合并糖尿病、高脂血症等。心力衰竭1.注意心力衰竭的原因和有无肺或(和)体循环淤血的症状体征，并按心脏血管病一般常规进行检查。2.入院后2天内应完成静脉压、血沉、肝肾功能检查。长期进低盐饮食或服利尿剂者，应定时查血钾、钠、氯、镁。3.拟根据临床表现及检查，区分左心、右心或全心衰竭，并判定心衰级别。高脂血症在诊断高脂蛋白血症中,较难定正常血浆TC的值。前瞻性研究显示冠心病的发病率随着TC值而增高，而此TC值以前认为是正常的，它比低动脉粥样硬化发病率人群的TC值高。另外，一些依据显示降低美国冠心病(CAD)人群的平均TC(及LDL)水平会使CAD发展减缓。糖尿病1、具有典型症状，空腹血糖126mg/dl(7.0 mmol/l)或餐后血糖200mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l)。2、没有典型症状，仅空腹血糖126mg/dl(7.0 mmol/l)或餐后血糖200mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l)应再重复一次，仍达以上值者，可以确诊为糖尿病。3、没有典型症状，仅空腹血糖126mg/dl(7.0 mmol/l)或餐后血糖200mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l)糖耐量实验2小时血糖200mg/dl(11.1mmol/l)者可以确诊为糖尿病。测量脉压，如果其收缩压和舒张压的差值小于30mmHg，可判断为脉压缩小，进一步查体征，配合仪器检测，方可确实是何种原因引起的脉压缩小。
筋膜间隔区综合征的病因是什么？(一)发病原因凡可使筋膜间隙内容物体积增加、压力增高或使筋膜间隔区的容积减小，致其内容物体积相对增加者，均可发生筋膜间隙综合征。常见的原因有：1.肢体的挤压伤肢体受重物砸伤、挤压伤或重物较长时间压迫，例如地震时建筑物倒塌压砸于肢体上，醉酒、CO中毒等昏迷病人肢体压于自己的躯干或肢体之下，受压组织缺血，于压力除去后，血液再灌流，使受伤组织主要是肌肉组织出血、反应性肿胀，使间隔区内容物的体积增加，随之压力增高而发病。2.肢体血管损伤肢体主要血管损伤，受其供养的肌肉等组织缺血在4h以上，修复血管恢复血流后，肌肉等组织反应性肿胀，使间隙内容物增加，压力增高，而发生本症。例如股动脉或腘动脉损伤，在4h以后修复血管，可能发生小腿筋膜间隙综合征。肢体创伤出血，在急救时上止血带时间较长，例如2～3h，肢体尚未坏死，除去止血带之后，肢体反应性肿胀严重者，在下肢可发生小腿筋膜间隙综合征。肱骨髁上骨折，骨折处压迫、刺激或损伤肱动脉，导致痉挛或血流淤滞，致前臂肌肉缺血，发生Volkmann挛缩，亦是筋膜间隙综合征之一种。3.肢体骨折内出血肢体骨折，出血流入筋膜间隙内，由于筋膜间隙的完整结构并未受到破坏，积血无法溢出而内容物体积增加，使压力增高而发病，可见于胫骨折及前臂骨折等。4.石膏或夹板固定不当不少文献报道，外用小夹板或石膏夹板固定，由于固定过紧压力太大，使筋膜间隙容积压缩，损伤组织、肿胀，亦使间隙内容物增加，如不及时放松夹板，可发生本征。见于前臂或小腿骨折。5.髂腰肌出血因外伤或血友病出血，受肌鞘的限制，出血肿胀，压力增加，呈屈髋畸形，可压迫股神经致股四头肌麻痹。6.其他截石位手术时，两小腿置于托架上，小腿三头肌受压超过5h，也可致本征。Macintosh报道5例，术后出现小腿后筋膜间隙综合征。前臂及手部输液渗出，也可致手筋膜间隙综合征。(二)发病机制当肢体遭砸压或其他上述病因之后，筋膜间隙内的肌肉出血、肿胀，使间隙内容物的体积增加，由于受骨筋膜管的约束，不能向周围扩张，而使间隙内压力增高。压力增高使间隙内淋巴与静脉回流的阻力增加，而静脉压增高，进而使毛细血管内压力增高，从而渗出增加，更增加了间隔区内容物的体积，使间隙内压进一步升高，形成恶性循环，即内容物增加内压升高静脉压升高毛细血管压升高渗出增加内容物增加。一般情况下，间隔区内压增高，均不至大于该间隙内动脉干收缩压，因而通过该间隔区供养远端的动脉血流减少，但不至中断，肢体远端脉搏减弱以至摸不清，但末端均有血运而不至坏死。由于间隔隙内压的增高可使区内组织毛细血管压闭，微循环受阻致组织灌流减少，因缺血、缺氧而坏死。毛细血管在缺氧状态下，其通透性增加，又增加了渗出，形成恶性循环。间隔区外肢体表面皮肤，可有肿胀水泡，因有邻近血供，一般不发生坏死，但可由于血运减少而神经功能(皮肤感觉)减退。
灯盏花素片成分或处方？灯盏花素
The Woelke-Stoffel House is a two-story Queen Anne style home built in 1896, in Anaheim, Orange County, in Southern California. It was constructed by architects George Franklin Barber and Armstrong Davis Porter. The home is now owned by the City of Anaheim and part of Founders Park, in which sits a collection of historical buildings and acts as a museum. Free public tours are available on the 3rd Saturday of every month. Its location with close proximity to the Disneyland Resort makes it a popular tourist destination in the area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 2013. The house is in the Anaheim Founders' Park. Founders' Park also has the Pioneer House of the Mother Colony house built by the city's founder George Hanson . At the park is also a city landmark 1876 Moreton Bay Fig tree, a large Carriage House in Queen Anne style, vegetable garden, small orange grove, a Pump House and windmill. References Historic houses Historic houses articles History of Anaheim, California Tourist attractions in Anaheim, California Buildings and structures in Anaheim, California Houses completed in 1896 1896 establishments in California
功能性磁共振成像的背景是什么?？自从1890年代开始，人们就知道血流与血氧的改变。这使得不仅神经活化区域的脑血流会改变，局部血液中的去氧与带氧血红素的浓度，以及脑血容积都会随之改变。
出雲八代站（）是位於島根縣仁多郡奧出雲町馬馳，西日本旅客鐵道（JR西日本）木次線的車站。車站愛稱為「手摩乳」。歷史 1932年（昭和7年）12月18日 - 木次線木次站至出雲三成站之間開通，此站啟用。當時車站地址為島根縣仁多郡布勢村馬馳。 1955年（昭和30年）4月15日 - 隨著成立，車站地址變為島根縣仁多郡仁多町馬馳。 1971年（昭和46年）10月1日 - 國鐵職員停止發售車票，暫停處理手提小行李。 1987年（昭和62年）4月1日 - 伴隨國鐵分割民營化，車站由西日本旅客鐵道（JR西日本）營運。 2005年（平成17年）3月31日 - 隨著奧出雲町成立，車站地址變為島根縣仁多郡奧出雲町馬馳。車站構造車站是一座地面車站，設有1面1線的單式月台。前往備後落合方向的列車會開啟左邊車門。曾經此站設有2面2線的相對式月台，現時前2號月台已經撤走。車站內還保留了木製車站大樓。此站是由管理的簡易委託車站。車站大樓內設有售票櫃臺，該處可購買近距離車票（常備券）。使用狀況根據「島根縣統計書」，以下為近年一日平均乘車人次列表。在1994年度的一日平均乘車人次為68人，1984年度年度的一日平均乘車人次為104人。其他電影《砂之器》（1974年）於此站取景，以此站月台被用作為龜嵩站（車站大樓於八川站取景）。相鄰車站西日本旅客鐵道木次線下久野－出雲八代－出雲三成注腳相關條目日本鐵路車站列表 I 外部連結島根縣鐵路車站 zumoYashiro 1932年啟用的鐵路車站木次線車站奧出雲町
盆腔有少量积液怎么办？盆腔积液的治疗方法是什么？盆腔积液患者可能患有神经衰弱，如无精打采和失眠。当抵抗力差时，很容易攻击。如果出现这种症状，你应该去医院治疗，以避免延误病情。1、物理疗法物理疗法的方法是把仪器放置在盆腔内，并且配合使用盆腔给药来释放热能，在很热的环境中组织血管就会发生扩张，使血液流通速度加快，于是免疫细胞的功能就会变强，从而有效改善机体免疫力、感染几率和抑制细菌的繁殖。细菌分泌的毒素可以在物理热的作用下被分解破坏掉，使抗体能力和局部代谢的能力加强，对温度的控制可以使组织变得干燥，减少渗出物，从而可避免炎症的扩散。2、手术治疗如何进行手术治疗是要根据患者的病灶的范围、包块大小、年龄以及对生育的要求来制定。如果患者很年轻，并且还有生育要求，以及由于炎症使输卵管和卵巢造成包裹和黏连，而影响了生育能力时，那么医生就会采取保守性的方式进行手术，主要是要做到在不影响患者生育能力的情况下，分离盆腔黏连和消除输卵管梗阻，以及最大限度的去除病灶。3、西药治疗：一般患者到医院检查出盆腔积液或盆腔积液，医生就会给患者开出盆腔治疗，理疗，输液等治疗，高昂的药费，却没有收到很好的效果，长期用药很多的患者胃肠功能严重受损，影响到身体的健康。中医认为：妇科炎症因“湿热下注、气血不足”所致，单纯抗菌消炎“清湿热”，身体机能得不到改善，停药后就会出现病邪再侵、炎症反复的现象。而反复抗菌消炎，又会破坏阴内微生态平衡，致耐药性和毒副作用，反而加大治愈难度。
手指甲沟炎前期怎么治？甲沟炎在皮肤科门诊中不少见，表现为甲皱襞近端和两侧皮肤红肿、疼痛，通常单个趾/指甲发病，严重者会影响患者的生活和工作。杜雪芹主任说，急性甲沟炎发病前常有外伤史，发病初期仅仅是浅表的感染，疼痛轻微病人往往不重视，随着炎症加重，疼痛加剧，甲周还可能会有脓液流出。如果不及时治疗，会发展为甲下脓肿，累及甲母质还可能会导致甲板暂时性或者永久性变形。这要从甲的构造说起，甲的组成主要的结构，甲母质、甲板、甲床、甲上皮和甲皱襞。甲上皮位于皮肤和甲板之间，将两者融合在一起。这种结构提供了一个封闭仓，避免外来的刺激物、过敏源和病原菌进入。如果甲上皮和甲皱襞受到直接或间接的损伤，这些损伤破坏了相对密闭的甲结构，使病菌进入，引起指趾甲甲皱襞和甲周组织的感染，导致了甲沟炎。最常见的致病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌。另外，化脓性链球菌、绿脓假单胞菌和普通变形杆菌等也能引起甲沟炎。慢性甲沟炎和反复发作的甲沟炎，还要考虑真菌感染的可能。喜欢咬指甲的病人，口腔内的厌氧菌也可能是致病菌。许多损伤在日常生活中非常常见，有一些非常微小的损伤我们其实不以为然，甚至没有注意到，例如洗碗、微小刺伤、咬或者拉指甲的倒刺、吮咬指甲、过度美甲等等。病因是过度修剪趾甲引起嵌甲，长时间走路，受压发炎后发病的治疗无效的时候，到医院及时切开排脓，手术不仅快速缓解疼痛，更有利于充分引流和防止感染扩散。如果甲床下已经积脓，可以将脓腔上的甲部分切除，可以选择拔甲也可以不拔甲。及时规范治疗，急性甲沟炎的预后很好。但是，如果不去除诱因，很容易再次复发。
龟头感染了白念珠菌是什么原因？白念珠菌就是白色念珠菌。白色念珠菌是真菌的一种，属于隐球酵母科。白色念珠菌可侵犯人体许多部位，其中以粘膜白色念珠菌感染最为常见，在粘膜表面覆盖凝乳样白色薄膜，剥除后可见基部红肿或浅表溃疡。龟头出现念珠菌感染，一般是由于不注意清洁卫生与不洁的女性发生性关系，内裤不经常换洗的原因所导致的。疾病的常见临床症状是龟头瘙痒，疼痛，有红斑，红点，另外还会出现大量的豆腐渣样的分泌物。一旦确诊为是念珠菌性感染，应可以用碳酸氢钠溶液来进行清洗，然后再涂抹派瑞松软膏，或者是酮康唑软膏来进行治疗，同时要注意保持下体干净。龟头念珠菌感染后，病人可出现包皮、龟头的灼热、疼痛，伴瘙痒不适，排尿时症状加重，触碰龟头时伴有疼痛。外观上，包皮和龟头表面可见红斑，红斑表面光滑，周围可能存在有红疹，红斑边缘清晰，急性发作时可出现龟头、包皮糜烂，并伴有渗出。在包皮内和龟头冠状沟处，可见有白色的分泌物、斑片，检查可见真菌菌丝、孢子等，可以确诊。男性龟头存在念珠菌感染，会表现为龟头的皮疹，可能是整体的发红，也可能是几个红斑，也有可能是红色的丘疹。比较严重的，可能出现脱屑或者水肿的状况，瘙痒的感觉比较明显。如果白色念珠菌是感染尿道，还能够出现尿频、尿急的症状。男性龟头念珠菌感染，可能与包皮过长有关系，当出现炎症的时候，可能也伴随包皮炎。也可能与性生活有关系，如果夫妻双方中，男方有感染的，要尽量的避免性生活，在治疗完全治疗好后再进行性生活。白念珠菌病人不应在外用公共卫生用品，由于上面可能有一些真菌，所以容易诱发感染。念珠菌感染应可以抗真菌治疗。
George Thresh was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s and 1900s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity (captain) (Heritage № 19), as a forward (prior to the specialist positions of; ), during the era of contested scrums. Playing career George Thresh made his début for Wakefield Trinity during September 1895, and he played his last match for Wakefield Trinity during December 1902. References External links Search for "Thresh" at rugbyleagueproject.org Search for "George Thresh" at britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk English rugby league players Place of birth missing Place of death missing Rugby league forwards Wakefield Trinity players Year of birth missing Year of death missing
在木料上使用熟桐油和清漆的区别】：？A：熟桐油：擦上后自然风干，打磨后再擦，重复数次；清漆：刷一层清漆后自然风干，打磨后再刷清漆，重复数次。B：熟桐油：擦上后木料会完全把油吃进，使木料含油量更高，即使外表有损坏，但不会影响木料，也不会影响使用，从而更经久耐用；清漆：只刷在表面，表面光亮，手感好。C：熟桐油：纯天然，绿色环保！绝未添加任何化学制剂；清漆：都是知道的~~
巧克力囊肿会变成卵巢癌吗？巧克力囊肿一般是不会引起卵巢癌的，因为巧克力囊肿它本身是属于一种子宫内膜异位症的病变，主要是因为之前有宫腔手术的操作，比如流产刮宫，破腹产等等的情况下，让子宫内膜种植到了卵巢上，引起了巧克力囊肿。所以巧克力囊肿一般是不会引起卵巢癌的。巧克力囊肿并不是一种恶性疾病，它是一种良性囊肿，是子宫内膜异位的一种表现。是妇女的一种常见病，是内分泌紊乱的表现，所以常常不能引起大家的重视，但是不及时治疗，也会有转化为卵巢癌的可能性，患有巧克力囊肿疾病的患者平时要加强复查，出现下列症状的时候积极进行治疗，早期发现肿瘤恶性变。1恶性巧克力囊肿会出现迅速增长的情况的，因此在比较短的时间里面患者会察觉出现腹胀、腹水以及腹部肿块的症状发生，这些都是恶性巧克力囊肿的症状表现。当恶性巧克力囊肿患者体内的肿瘤压迫以及浸润到周边的组织和神经时，患者会出现比较严重的腹部疼痛、腰部疼痛以及下肢疼痛的症状表现;如果压迫到了患者的盆腔静脉，甚至还会引发患者出现下肢浮肿的症状表现。2恶性巧克力囊肿发展到晚期之后，患者会出现恶病质的症状表现。通过妇科检查，可以触及到患者的阴道后穹窿存在一些散在的质硬结节的症状表现，而且患者所产生的肿块一般都是侧性、实性或者是半实质性的，这些肿块的表面是凹凸不平的，而且不能活动，患者还会出现血性腹水的症状表现。女性朋友一定要对巧克力囊肿引起足够的重视，当自己的身上产生相关的类似症状时，一定要及时警惕到恶性巧克力囊肿这个疾病的发生，及时去医院进行相关的检查，进行手术治疗。
孟庆华（），男，吉林省怀德县（今公主岭市）人，中国昆虫学家、蚊虫学专家，教授。生平孟庆华1906年出生于吉林省怀德县一清朝末年知识分子家庭。他于1926年考入民国时期齐鲁大学生物学系，1931年毕业取得齐鲁大学理学学士学位。1932年至1947年间，先后任齐鲁大学生物学系助理教授、讲师、副教授。 1947年，孟庆华赴美留学，在爱荷华州立大学攻读动物昆虫学研究方向，并于1948年以优越学术成绩和表现提前获得理科硕士学位。孟庆华于1949年第二次国共内战结束前夕归国，任国民党国防医学院教授、寄生虫学组组长。民国政府战败后，孟庆华没有跟随国民政府前往台湾，而是选择留守大陆，在中华人民共和国建国后任贵阳医学院生物学教授，并于1961年任该院副院长。1950年加入中国昆虫学会，1978年当选为中国昆虫学会理事长。 1986年在贵州省贵阳市逝世。参考文献 Qing 公主岭人齊魯大學校友愛荷華州立大學校友中国生物学家吉林科学家
流产一礼拜又腹痛出血正不正常？早孕12周之内的流产，称为早期流产，中期流产指孕12周到28周之间发生的流产，超过28周之后称为晚期流产，或称为早产。某些流产是病人要求的人工流产，通常所说的自然流产指有继续妊娠的愿望却无法继续妊娠的情况。症状起因有（一）胚胎因素，早期流产的主要原因是染色体异常，包括数目异常或结构异常，多数结局为难免流产（二）母体因素1、全身性疾病：孕妇患严重感染、贫血、高热、心力衰竭及慢性肝肾疾病、高血压等可能引起流产。2、内分泌失调：孕妇黄体功能不全、高催乳素血症、甲状腺功能减退症、严重糖尿病血糖控制不良等可能引起流产。3、生殖器官疾病：孕妇子宫畸形、子宫肌瘤、宫颈粘连、宫颈重度裂伤及内口松弛等可能引起流产。4、免疫因素：抗磷脂抗体、抗β2糖蛋白抗体、狼疮抗凝血因子、抗核抗体、抗精子抗体阳性的孕妇可出现流产，母婴双方免疫不适应等也可导致流产。5、强烈应激及不良习惯躯体或心理刺激，吸烟、酗酒、过食咖啡等均可引起流产。（三）环境因素，过多接触有害的化学物质（如铅、砷、苯、甲醛、环氧乙烷等）和某些物理因素（如放射线、高温及噪音等），均可能引起流产。视情况而定，一般人流手术后可以出现7-10天左右的阴道少量出血的现象，如果流产后活动量少，经常躺着了，就会出现宫腔积血不容易排出来，出血时间延长的现象。当然偶尔没有做干净，有宫腔残留物，也可以出现这种情况，所以建议到医院检查，复查彩超看有没有宫腔残留物，还是宫腔积血造成的再次出血。
傑里科（）是一個位於美國阿拉巴馬州佩里縣的非建制地區。該地的面積和人口皆未知。地理傑里科的座標為，而該地的平均海拔高度為58米（即194英尺）。參考文獻阿拉巴馬州非建制地區
欧兹维尔托洛萨讷（，；）是法国上加龙省的一个市镇，属于图卢兹区。地理（）面积，位于法国奧克西塔尼大區上加龙省，该省份为法国西南部内陆省份，西南端与西班牙接壤，自此顺时针与上比利牛斯省、热尔省、塔恩-加龙省、塔恩省、奥德省和阿列日省接壤。与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。行政的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。政治所属的省级选区为。人口于时的人口数量为人。参见上加龙省市镇列表参考文献上加龙省市镇
莫斯科都市圈是俄罗斯的都市圈，涵盖该国首都莫斯科、莫斯科州大部分地区及上述两地的周边地区。为欧洲最大的都市圈之一，2019年人口约为14,700,000。參考資料莫斯科地理城市群
《關鍵51區》為東森新聞台推出的週末談話節目，是《關鍵時刻》的姊妹節目。於2012年9月15日至2014年5月25日播出。先後由徐俊相、陳瑩擔任主持人。節目推出初期，為每週六及週日22:58－24:00播出。2013年10月起，週六播出時段取消，改為僅週日播出。2014年5月25日播出最後一集，2014年6月起停播。接檔節目為東森整點新聞。主持人徐俊相：東森新聞台、東森財經新聞台主播、主持人。陳瑩：東森新聞台主播。節目內容相較於《關鍵時刻》，該節目更聚焦於外星人、UFO等超自然現象為主題。參考資料外部連結東森電視節目東森新聞台臺灣談話節目台灣電視新聞節目
急性乳腺炎的自我护理？急性乳腺炎是指乳腺组织的急性化脓性感染，多发于初产妇，由于乳腺皲裂，乳腺导管开口阻塞，引起浮汁壅积而致。本病起病急，初起乳房肿胀、疼痛，皮肤不红或微红，继之局部硬结渐渐增大，疼痛加剧，伴发热。如不积极治疗，常转化或脓肿。做好自我护理是防治本病的重要措施。1、早期按摩和吸乳是关健。患者可用手指顺乳头方向轻轻按摩，加压揉推，使乳汁流向开口，并用吸乳器吸乳，以畅通阻塞的乳腺管口。吸通后应尽量排空乳汁，勿使壅积。2、中药外敷。取芒硝100克，研细，加入面粉调成糊剂。贴敷于息侧乳房局部，可减轻乳房疼痛。3、哺乳期要保持乳头清洁，常用温水清洗乳头，定时哺乳，每次应尽可能将乳汁排空。如乳汁过多婴儿不能吸尽，应借助吸乳器将乳汁排空；发热，体温达39时不宜吸乳。4、不宜让婴儿含乳头睡觉，哺乳后用胸罩将乳房托起。5、饮食宜清淡，易消化，忌辛辣。6、情志不畅亦与本病有关，要劝导病人解除烦恼，消除不良情绪，注意精神调理。
卡迪耶站（、）位於加拿大魁北克省拉華爾市維奧橋區，是2號線的車站。它是在蒙特利爾地鐵中3個設於拉華爾的車站的其中一個，另外兩個分別為蒙莫倫斯站及協和站。外部連結蒙特利爾交通局：卡迪耶站（英文）：卡迪耶站（英文），含有卡迪耶站的資訊、歷史、車站結構與藝術品資料。 Catier 2007年啟用的鐵路車站
The Burnie International is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's Circuit. It is a $75k level tournament for the Challenger Tour and a $60,000 level tournament for the Women's Circuit, although it was previously a $25k level tournament before it was upgraded in 2014. It was held annually in Burnie between 2003 and 2015, but didn't take place in 2016 due to a need for court upgrades. Prior to 2016, the event was also known as the McDonald's Burnie International. From 2017 to 2019 it was known as the Caterpillar Burnie International. While the tournament was planned to be hosted in 2021 and 2022, neither event happened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Past finals Men's singles Men's doubles Women's singles Women's doubles References External links ITF search ATP Challenger Tour ITF Women's World Tennis Tour Recurring sporting events established in 2003 Hard court tennis tournaments Tennis tournaments in Australia Tennis in Tasmania
（，）是一位美国历史学家，哈佛大学三百周年校级教授，专攻女性史，主要作品有获得1991年普利策历史奖和班克洛夫特獎的《》（A Midwife's Tale）等。参考资料外部链接 Laurel Thatcher Ulrich , faculty, History Department, Harvard University dohistory.org – an online version of Martha Ballard's diary and information about A Midwife's Tale, a joint project of Harvard University and George Mason University 哈佛大學教師女性史学家美国史学家麦克阿瑟学者美國國家人文獎章獲得者普利茲歷史獎獲得者新罕布什尔大学校友猶他大學校友美国女性历史学家新罕布什尔大学教师美國哲學會會士古根海姆学者
焦拉島是印度的島嶼，位於印度洋海域，屬於尼科巴群島的一部分，長2.5公里、寬2公里，面積8.28平方公里，最高點海拔高度104.5米，2001年人口1,336。印度島嶼
白塞病伴发的精神障碍的护理是什么？保健：安静的环境和良好的护理是非常重要的。特别是当病人有意识障碍出现恐怖性幻觉或不协调性精神运动性兴奋时，更应加强护理，以防自伤、摔倒、冲动和发生意外。对有抑郁心境的病人，应提高警惕，加强防范，防止自杀。在护理过程中要注意态度和蔼、言语温和、动作轻柔，避免较强的不适刺激。
North Carolina Highway 215 (NC 215) is a highway in western North Carolina that runs from the town of Rosman in Transylvania County to Canton at Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 74 (US 74). The portion from Canton to Rosman is a part of the US Forest Service's Forest Heritage Scenic Byway. It travels high into the mountains along a scenic stretch of the upper West Fork of the Pigeon River, and intersects the Blue Ridge Parkway at Beech Gap at an elevation of approximately . Route description In Transylvania County, at the intersection with US 64 near Rosman, this road cuts through a path originally placed by the Gloucester Lumber Company, following the path of the North Fork of the French Broad River to its headwaters. Between US 64 and intersection of Macedonia Church Road (SR 1326), the highway has seven miles of narrow, winding, hairpin turns that are mostly surrounded by the Pisgah National Forest. In some areas the road is all that separates small mountain cliffs and steep ravines below the roadway. Within this seven mile stretch, the highway climbs in elevation from in elevation, at Rosman, to at the unincorporated community of Balsam Grove. This route is characterized as having a dense leafy canopy for much of the way during the summer season. Northward beyond Macedonia Church Road, the highway has broader shoulders and has entered Balsam Grove, and serves as the primary route in and out of the area. There is a solitary gas station in this area that serves as the only stop along the route until reaching Jackson County. After passing through Balsam Grove, the road returns into Pisgah National Forest, climbing rapidly for another through the Pinhook Valley, peaking at the intersection with the Blue Ridge Parkway at . This section of the road climbs in . Along the way, you will find several spots to pull over to the side of the road to take a break from the curves, allow faster traffic to move on, or to provide relief for a carsick passenger. History The highway defines the boundaries of the Shining Rock and Middle Prong wildernesses: Shining Rock lying to the east, and Middle Prong to the west. The right-of-way for the highway is all that separates the two for several miles, and several hiking trails start along parking areas on this road or on spur roads connecting to it. Several waterfalls along the West Fork or its tributaries can be seen from the road itself, especially during the winter after rainfall. Some can be accessed by hiking trails, but others are very remote making hiking to them difficult even though they can clearly be seen from the highway. This section of road is popular with tourists and with motorcyclists due to its curvy nature. NC 215 was built on the right of way of two logging railroads. Future North Carolina Department of Transportation plans to modernize a section of NC 215 between US 276 (Pigeon Road) to SR 1926 (Pisgah School Road). The project includes widening lanes to from the current and paved shoulders. At an estimated cost of $13.8 million, it is currently unfunded. Junction list References External links NCRoads.com: N.C. 215 Forest Heritage National Scenic Byway 215 Transportation in Transylvania County, North Carolina Transportation in Jackson County, North Carolina Transportation in Haywood County, North Carolina 1967 establishments in North Carolina
Outlets of Mississippi is an outdoor outlet mall located just north of the intersection of U.S. Route 49 and Interstate 20 in Pearl, Mississippi, United States, approximately 3.5 miles east of Downtown Jackson. More than 30,000 people attended the grand opening of the mall in late November 2013. The mall is anchored by Forever 21. The mall boasts 76 stores, and is one of the state's largest shopping malls. See also Northpark Mall (Mississippi) Metrocenter Mall (Jackson, Mississippi) Tanger Outlets Southaven References External links Official website Shopping malls in Mississippi Shopping malls established in 2013 Buildings and structures in Rankin County, Mississippi Tourist attractions in Rankin County, Mississippi
肺癌晚期咳血能活多久？肺癌是临床上常见的呼吸系统恶性肿瘤。死亡率高，恶性程度高。晚期肺癌是指附近淋巴结和远处的转移。咯血是肺癌最常见的临床表现。除咳血外，常伴有咳嗽、痰、胸痛、呼吸困难等症状。当这些症状发生在病人身上时，说明肿瘤的侵袭更深，病人会产生恶病质和体液。此时，患者的生存时间一般不会超过一个月。晚期肺癌伴咯血，主要是因为肿瘤侵入支气管血管，如支气管动脉，可导致咯血。咯血需要看多少，当然不能靠咯血来判断生存，少量的咯血可以通过药物治疗来阻止。此外，肺癌的主要病灶可以通过放射治疗、化疗和药物治疗来控制病情。如果我们能缩小肿瘤，控制肿瘤向远处扩散，存活时间就会更长。有些应用程序具有更好的目标定位效果，可以存活一年、两年甚至更长时间。还有一些晚期肺癌存活5年以上。当然，我们只能从治疗的侧面看，中间还有其他问题，如咯血较多，还需要对症治疗如止血。肺癌是呼吸系统常见的恶性肿瘤，死亡率高，恶性肿瘤多。晚期肺癌是指相邻淋巴结和远处转移。肺癌咯血是肺癌的常见临床表现。肺癌的临床表现不仅是咯血，还有其他临床表现。肺癌晚期除咯血外，还有其他临床表现。可能有咳嗽、痰、胸痛、呼吸困难。当肿瘤转移到身体其他器官时，会引起一系列由转移引起的症状和体征。当转移到骨头上时，会引起局部牙痛和疼痛。当转移到大脑时，它会导致偏瘫和颅内压升高。当肿瘤晚期，肿瘤毒素的消耗会导致进行性消瘦，表现为恶病质和恶病质。此时，患者的生存期一般不超过一个月，因此晚期肺癌咯血应结合其他临床表现，根据患者的一般情况确定患者的生存时间。
Kepler-1649 is a red dwarf star of spectral type M5V with a radius , a mass , and a metallicity of -0.15 [Fe/H]. Planetary system Two confirmed planets orbit the star: Kepler-1649b and Kepler-1649c. Kepler-1649b is similar to Venus, whereas Kepler-1649c is a potentially habitable exoplanet similar to Earth. References M-type main-sequence stars Kepler objects of interest Cygnus (constellation) TIC objects
Hain Ahmed Pasha ( Ahmed Pasha 'the Traitor'; died 1524), was an Ottoman governor (beylerbey) and a statesman, who became the Ottoman governor of Egypt Eyalet in 1523. Early life Ahmed Pasha was of Georgian origin. He was educated in the Enderun palace school. Declaring himself the sultan of Egypt Hain Ahmed Pasha wanted to become the grand vizier, to become the grand vizier, Hain Ahmed Pasha tried to persuade Suleiman the Magnificent to dismiss Piri Mehmed Pasha, using the old age of Piri Mehmed Pasha as an excuse, and ultimately succeeded. His rival Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha was then appointed (June 1523) instead as grand vizier, so Hain Ahmed Pasha offered Suleiman I. to make him the governor of Egypt Eyalet, which got accepted by Suleiman I. When Hain Ahmed Pasha went to Egypt, he declared himself the sultan of Egypt, independent from the Ottoman Empire. He struck coins with his own face and name in order to legitimize his power and captured Cairo Citadel and the local Ottoman garrisons in January 1524. Death After surviving an assassination attempt in his bath by two emirs that he had previously sacked, he fled Cairo. Ottoman authorities finally captured him and executed him by decapitation. His rebellion occasioned a short period of instability in the nascent Egypt Eyalet. After his death, his rival Pargalı İbrahim Pasha visited Egypt and reformed the provincial military and civil administration. Family Ahmed married Ilaldi Sultan, a daughter of Sultan Bayezid II. They had at least a son and a daughter: Sultanzade Fülan Bey. He married his cousin Hanzade Hanımsultan, the daughter of Selçuk Sultan (daughter of Bayezid II). Şahzade Aynişah Hanımsultan. She married Abdüsselâm Çelebi. See also List of Ottoman governors of Egypt References Ottoman governors of Egypt 1524 deaths Executed people from the Ottoman Empire 16th-century Ottoman governors of Egypt 16th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire Pashas Year of birth unknown People executed by the Ottoman Empire by decapitation Georgians from the Ottoman Empire Executed monarchs Rebels from the Ottoman Empire
特发性急性小管间质性肾炎的预防和治疗方法？本病病因不明，尚无有效预防措施，但如平时注意合理饮食，积极加强体育活动，不断提高机体抗病能力，可有效预防疾病的发生。
磷酸鹽（，符号：），是磷酸的鹽，在無機化學、生物化學及生物地質化學上是很重要的物質。化學特性磷酸鹽離子是一個多原子的離子，其實驗式是PO43−，而分子量是94.97。它包含一個磷原子，並由四個氧原子所包圍，形成一個正四面體。磷酸鹽離子帶有-3的形式電荷，且是磷酸氫鹽離子（HPO42−）的共軛鹼；磷酸氫鹽離子則是磷酸二氫鹽離子（H2PO4−）的共軛鹼；而磷酸二氫鹽離子又是磷酸（H3PO4）的共軛鹼。它是一個超價分子（磷原子在其電子層有著10個電子）。如果磷酸鹽作为一种有機磷化合物就被称为磷酸酯，其化學式為OP(OR)3。除了一些鹼金屬外，大部份磷酸鹽，在標準狀態下，都是不可溶於水的。在稀釋的水溶液中，磷酸鹽以四種形式存在。在強鹼環境下，磷酸鹽離子（PO43−）會較多；而在弱鹼的環境下，磷酸氫鹽離子（HPO42−）則較多。在弱酸的環境下，磷酸二氫鹽離子（H2PO4−）較為普遍；而在強酸的環境下，則水溶的磷酸（H3PO4）是主要存在的形式。更精確的就是以下三種平衡反應：在25℃的環境下有以各種不同的酸度係數（mol/L）：若在強鹼的pH值下（pH=13），可以發現：可見只有磷酸鹽（PO43−）及磷酸氫鹽（HPO42−）是主要的成份。若在中和的pH值下（例如原生質，pH=7.0），可以發現：所以只有磷酸二氫鹽（H2PO4−）及磷酸氫鹽（HPO42−）離子是主要成份（當中62%是H2PO4−，38%是HPO42−）。需要留意的是在細胞外體液（其pH約為7.4），這個比例會倒轉（61%是HPO42−，39%是H2PO4−）。若在強酸的pH值下（pH=1），可以發現：可見H3PO4，相較於H2PO4−是最多的。實際上HPO42−及PO43−會接近消失。磷酸鹽可以形成聚合離子的二磷酸鹽（亦即焦磷酸鹽，P2O74−）、三磷酸鹽（P3O105−）等。多種的偏磷酸鹽離子都有著一個實驗式的PO3−，且是在普遍在多種化合物。磷酸鹽礦產可以包含大量自然產生的鈾。若吸收了這些土壤改良劑可以引致農作物含有鈾成份。生理特性磷酸盐在人体与组织结构、代谢、调节有关，是重要生理生化物质。摄取过多磷酸盐且血中磷酸盐过高，则与心血管疾病、肾脏病有关。磷酸盐常做为加工食品和速食的添加剂，也普遍存在于调味软饮料、某些奶制品中，以上食物吃多有碍健康。出現磷酸鹽是元素磷自然產生的形態，在多種磷酸鹽礦物中可以找到。元素的磷或是磷化物是很難發現的（只有極少量在隕石中可以找到）。在礦物學及地質學，磷酸鹽是指含有磷酸鹽離子的石或礦石。在北美洲最大型的磷礦粉礦床位於美國的佛羅里達州中部、愛德荷州的索達斯普陵、北卡羅萊那州沿岸區域。而其次的是位於蒙大拿州、田納西州、喬治亞州及南卡羅萊那州近查爾斯頓。瑙魯這個細少的島國就曾經是有著大量高質素的磷酸鹽礦產，但現時已被大量挖掘。磷礦粉亦可以在納弗沙島、摩洛哥、突尼西亞、以色列、多哥及約旦找到，這些地方亦有大量的磷酸鹽礦業。在生物中，磷是以溶液中游離的磷酸鹽離子的形態出現，稱為「無機磷酸鹽」，這是要與其他在磷酸酯中的磷酸鹽作出區別的。無機磷酸鹽是會以Pi來表示，它可以是由焦磷酸鹽（以PPi來表示）水解而得：但是，磷酸鹽最普遍是以一磷酸腺苷（AMP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）及核糖核酸（RNA）的形式出現，且可以經由水解ADP或ATP而被釋放出來。對於其他的二磷或三磷核苷亦有相似的反應。在ADP及ATP，或其他二磷及三磷核苷中的磷酸酐鍵，包含著大量的能量，所以它們在生物中有著重要的地位。它們一般會被稱為高能磷酸磷，就像在肌肉組織中的磷酸肌酸一樣。一些如膦的化合物在有機化學上亦會被使用，但它卻似乎沒有自然的相應物。由於磷酸鹽對生物的重要性，所以在生態學上，它是高度被採集。因此，它在環境中往往是限量試劑，而它的可得性則決定生物成長的速度。將大量的磷酸鹽加入缺乏磷酸鹽的環境或微生物環境中，會對生態有著重大的影響。例如，某一種生物的暴漲會使其他生物死亡。另外耗氧的種群也會消亡（參見富營養化）。在污染的問題下，磷酸鹽是總溶解固體量（一種主要的水質指標）的主要成份。用途磷酸鹽一般會用在清潔劑中作為軟水劑，但是因為磷酸鹽的排放會影響藻類的繁榮衰退，所以在某些地區磷酸鹽清潔劑是受到管制的。在農業上，磷酸鹽是植物的三種主要養份之一，且是肥料的主要成份。磷礦粉是從沉積岩的磷層中開採。以前它在開採後不用加工便可使用，但現時未加工的磷酸鹽只會用在有機耕種上。一般它都是會化學加工製成過磷酸石灰、重過磷酸鈣或磷酸二氫銨，它們的濃度都較磷酸鹽高，且較易溶於水，所以植物可以較快吸收。肥料級數一般有三個數字：第一個是指氮的數量，第二個是指磷酸鹽的數量（以P2O5作基準），而第三個是指鹼水（以K2O作基準）。所以一個10-10-10的肥料就每種成份各有10%，而其他的則是填充物。從過度施肥的農地逕流的磷酸鹽會是富營養化、赤潮及其後缺氧的起因。這就像磷酸鹽清潔劑一樣會引起魚類及其他水生生物的缺氧。参见有機磷化合物膦（PR3）氧化膦（OPR3）亞磷酸鹽（P(OR)3）次亞膦酸鹽（OP(OR)R2）膦酸鹽（OP(OR)2R）参考文献延伸閱讀按阴离子分类的化合物混凝土摻和料
杜格尔德·布鲁斯·洛克哈特（，）是一位苏格兰电影、电视和舞台演员。杜格尔德·布鲁斯·洛克哈特在皇家戏剧艺术学院学习表演，之后在皇家莎士比亞劇團工作。外部链接英格蘭電視演員蘇格蘭電視演員
Thor Inge Fossen (born 3 January 1963) is a Norwegian cyberneticist. Fossen received the MSc degree in Marine Technology (1987) and PhD in Engineering Cybernetics (1991) both from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He is a Fulbright alumni and he pursued postgraduate studies in Aerodynamics and Aeronautics at the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics of the University of Washington, Seattle (1989-1990). At age 28 he was appointed associated professor of guidance, navigation and control at NTNU and two years later he qualified as full professor. He has been elected member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences since 1998 and elevated to IEEE Fellow (2016) for his contributions to modeling and controlling of marine craft. Fossen is one of the founders of the company Marine Cybernetics (2002), which was acquired by DNV GL in 2014. He is co-founder of the company SCOUT Drone Inspection AS (2017) and he is involved in several new high-tech companies in Trondheim. He is currently co-director of the NTNU Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems. He has made contributions in the areas of marine craft motion control systems, hydrodynamics, control theory, guidance systems and navigation. Fields of research Fossen's field of research is control theory, computer science, navigation and marine hydrodynamics. He has published approximately 400 papers on guidance, navigation and control (GNC), vehicle dynamics, and control systems for ships, underwater vehicles and unmanned vehicles. He has authored three textbooks. The first textbook has become the standard reference in marine control systems. This book was followed up by two textbooks and The mathematical models for marine craft GNC systems are based on a robot-inspired model representation first published in 1991. Fossen's marine craft and ocean vehicle models have become a standard for marine craft motion control systems design. In addition to the three textbooks, Fossen has co-authored three editorials, and External links References Academic staff of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology 1963 births Living people 20th-century Norwegian scientists 21st-century Norwegian scientists 20th-century Norwegian educators 21st-century Norwegian educators Fellow Members of the IEEE
恶露一般产后多久能流干净？产后恶露是指产后随子宫蜕膜脱落，含有血液、坏死蜕膜等组织经阴道排出，称为恶露（lochia），这是产妇在产褥期的临床表现，属于生理性变化。恶露有血腥味，但无臭味，其颜色及内容物随时间而变化，一般持续4～6周，总量为500ml。如超出上述时间仍有较多恶露排出，称之为产后恶露不尽。产生产后恶露不尽的原因很多，如子宫内膜炎；部分胎盘、胎膜残留；子宫肌炎或盆腔感染；子宫黏膜下或肌壁间肿瘤；子宫肌腺瘤；子宫过度后倾、后屈；羊水过多，胎盘过大使子宫肌肉收缩力弱而影响子宫复旧，等等。产后子宫滋养细胞肿瘤也可引起子宫出血。本病属晚期产后出血范畴。其病因主要是子宫复原不全，当部分胎盘、胎膜残留或感染而影响子宫收缩和复原。产妇其他全身因素，如患有慢性疾病、失血过多、过度疲倦、体质未能恢复，或子宫过度膨胀、子宫肌瘤等局部因素，均可影响子宫复原不全。其次，剖宫产术后，子宫壁切口裂开、手术时止血不彻底或因术后感染，影响子宫复原而导致流血不止。血性恶露因含大量血液得名，色鲜红，量多，有时有小血块。镜下见多量红细胞、坏死蜕膜及少量胎膜。血性恶露持续3日以内。出血逐渐减少，浆液增加，转变为浆液恶露。浆液恶露因含多量浆液得名，色淡红。镜下见较多坏死蜕膜组织、宫腔渗出液、宫颈黏液，少量红细胞及白细胞，且有细菌。浆液恶露持续4-14日，浆液逐渐减少，白细胞数增多，变为白色恶露。各产妇持续排恶露的时间也不相同，正常产妇约3周左右干净，如果产后两个月以上恶露仍淋漓不净，则属于恶露不净。避免接触冷水。可以洗热水澡，但要淋浴。饮食方面只要是比平时稍微注意一些，不必盲目进补，摄入足量的蛋白质，增强机体对疾病的抵抗力，促进受伤器官的。
马胜荣（），汉族，中华人民共和国政治人物、第十一届全国政协委员。加入中国共产党，担任新华社原副社长、党组成员。2008年，当选第十一届全国政协委员，代表新闻出版界，分入第四十四组。并担任外事委员会专委。參考文獻第十一届全国政协委员北京外国语学院校友新華社副社長
复方小活络丸成分或处方？川乌(甘草银花炙) 草乌(甘草银花炙) 当归川芎白芍地龙乳香没药香附(醋炙 ) 胆南星
梅江镇，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。行政区划梅江镇下辖以下地区：。参考资料
威廉一世（德語：Wilhelm I.，約1392年—1482年7月25日），沃爾芬比特爾親王，海因里希一世之子。家庭 1423年，威廉一世與結婚，兩人共有兩個兒子：腓特烈三世（1424年—1495年）威廉二世（約1425年—1503年） 1390年代出生 1482年逝世德國貴族
权方和不等式是一种分式不等式。取等条件：证明利用伯努利不等式： m<-1 或 m>0时 -1<m<0时参见赫尔德不等式参考资料代数不等式
产后自汗盗汗的诊断是什么？以产后出汗量过多和持续时间长为特点。据出汗时间之不同以分盗汗、自汗。睡中汗出，醒来即止为盗汗。白昼汗多，动则益甚者为自汗。1.气虚自汗主要证候：产后汗出较多，不能自止，动则加剧，时或恶风，面色视白，气短懒言，语声低怯，倦怠乏力。舌淡苔薄，脉虚弱。2.阴虚盗汗主要证候：产后睡中汗出，醒来自止，面色潮红，头晕耳鸣，口燥咽干，渴不思饮，或有五心烦热，午后较甚，腰膝疲软。舌嫩红，少苔或无苔，脉细数无力。
巨细胞是什么?？巨细胞是由单核细胞及其巨噬细胞世系融合在一起形成。巨细胞的种类包括异物巨细胞、朗罕氏巨细胞、图顿巨细胞、巨细胞性动脉炎及里-施细胞。
请描述世界癌症日的历史？2000年2月4日，时任联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事松浦晃一郎和时任法国总统雅克·希拉克在巴黎举行的新千年世界抗癌峰会上签署了《巴黎抗癌宪章》，该宪章是为了促进研究、预防癌症、改善癌症患者服务而制定，其中有一条规定《巴黎抗癌宪章》签署的周年纪念日为世界癌症日。
Dewi Llwyd (born 1954) is a Welsh journalist and television presenter who is best known for his work for S4C. He presented the Welsh-language news programme Newyddion until the end of 2012, and Pawb a'i Farn until the end of 2019. Llwyd currently presents two radio programmes on BBC Radio Cymru. Biography Early life He was born Dewi Llwyd Williams in 1954. Llwyd is the son of the Rev. Ivor Ll. Williams, a Baptist minister and Mary. He grew up in Deiniolen and Morriston before his family settled in Bangor, Gwynedd before he reached the age of six. He went to St Pauls Primary School, before attending Friars School. Llwyd went to study at Cardiff University; he further studied in London, and later went to an education facility in Washington, D.C. He later spent time in education in France and Spain. Career Llwyd joined the BBC in 1980 as parliamentary correspondent, and had been a regular presenter on the Welsh-language news programme Newyddion since it started. He left Newyddion at the end of 2012. He presented the political discussion program, Pawb a'i Farn, on S4C between 1998 and December 2019, and presents the radio programmes Dewi Llwyd ar fore Sul and Hawl i Holi on BBC Radio Cymru. Llwyd presents the Welsh language coverage of UK General elections, referendums and Welsh Assembly elections. In 2017, Llwyd presented Etholiad 2017 (Election 2017) with the results of the 2017 United Kingdom general election in a joint broadcast between S4C and BBC Radio Cymru. He also presented Etholiad 2019, the Welsh language coverage of the results of the 2019 United Kingdom general election. References 1954 births Welsh television journalists Alumni of Cardiff University People educated at Friars School, Bangor Living people People from Bangor, Gwynedd
白带4度急需人流怎么办？白带正常的清洁度是1-2度，3度以上表示有炎症，实验室检查白带的时候，主要是根据白细胞的量来定清洁度，即白细胞增多的情况下，清洁度是最高的，清洁度越高，表明炎症越严重，所以这种情况在临床上要给予治疗。白带清洁度为4度，一般说明有阴道炎的情况，需要进行治疗后再进行人流的，以免造成手术造成子宫内感染的情况。一般阴道炎的药物治疗，以外用为主，合并盆腔炎或者复发性阴道炎可以联合口服用药，必要时夫妻同治。注意长期口服抗生素可能抑制正常菌群，继发霉菌感染。常见的有细菌性阴道炎，治疗首选抗厌氧菌药物，除此之外，还有手术治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗、细胞免疫治疗、中医药治疗等，需要根据女性阴道炎的情况，采取不同的治疗方法。白带4度急需人流患者的护理事项，1、瘙痒处应避免过度抓挠、摩擦、热水洗烫等方式止痒，不用碱性强的肥皂洗浴，也不能用洗浴剂反复清洗外阴，或冲洗阴道。2、内衣宽松柔软，以棉制品为好，避免尼龙、羽毛、毛织品、衣物贴身穿，避免内衣与袜子同洗。3、平时注意保持外阴部的清洁干爽，特别是在月经期间，更要注意这一点，不穿化纤内裤及牛仔裤。4、避免不洁性交。4、避免大量使用广谱抗生素，导致阴道正常菌群失调。5、如果长期口服避孕药而导致阴道炎反复发作的，应停用避孕药，改用其他方法避孕。6、饮食方面，可多吃维生素c、酸奶、养乐多等，以使阴道ph值倾向酸性。7、有分泌物时，最好不要用护垫和卫生棉，因为不必怕弄脏内裤而使阴道更不透气而引发感染，建议可穿着免洗内裤。
The Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) is a Canadian provincial Crown corporation operated by the Government of Prince Edward Island. Headquartered in Charlottetown, IWMC is responsible for collecting and disposing of solid waste in the entire province. Faced with ever-increasing amounts of solid waste heading to antiquated, poorly designed community landfills across the province during the 1980s, the provincial government conceived its Waste Watch program in the early 1990s with the eventual goal being to standardize the collection and disposal of waste, while closing all small community landfills. IWMC was established to administer and provide solid waste management services throughout the province. The company sub-contracts the collection and disposal services and collects an annual fee for its operations through provincial property taxes for both residential and commercial properties. Waste Watch IWMC operates and maintains the Waste Watch program, a 3-stream source separation based waste management system implemented across the entire province. Implementation of the program began in Prince County, eventually being expanded by the late 1990s and early 2000s to the entire province once adequate waste handling facilities were constructed. IWMC provides every property owner and tenant in the province with 2 standardized carts (there are 3 sizes available) - 1 black cart for non-recyclable and non-compostable material, and 1 green cart for compostable material. Each rugged wheeled plastic cart has an identification number assigned to each property or tenant with GPS-enabled tracking chips embedded into the plastic to enable tracking should a cart go missing. Waste disposal fees are collected through province-wide property tax assessments and provide IWMC with revenue to operate its collection and disposal programs. In addition to the green compost and black waste bins, all recyclables must be source separated by property owners and placed in clear plastic recycling bags. IWMC has contracted Superior Sanitation, a Charlottetown-based waste hauling company, to provide all waste collection services with a fleet of waste collection vehicles. IWMC has contracted ADI Engineering, a Fredericton, New Brunswick-based engineering and consulting firm, to operate its central composting plant. Waste collected in black bins which is safe for incineration is incinerated at the Tri-Gen energy-from-waste plant in Charlottetown and ashes are buried in a modern landfill outside Charlottetown. Construction and demolition debris is collected and hauled by approved contractors who dispose of the material in approved pits, pending removal of recyclable material. IWMC's Waste Watch program does not currently have the ability to handle e-waste. Since the introduction of Waste Watch, Prince Edward Island has become a leader among Canadian provinces in the source separation of waste and diversion of waste from landfills, largely explained by the province's small geography which is comparable to many large counties and municipalities. Compost from biodegradable waste collection is sold to garden supply distribution chains and recyclables are sold to recycling firms in central Canada and the northeastern United States. The Waste Watch program is mandatory and property owners or tenants who refuse to separate waste do not have it collected (or in some extreme cases are fined). The complete Waste Watch program has been in operation since July 1, 2002 and the recycling program has been in use since July 1, 2000. The Waste Watch program has diverted 64-66% of the Island's waste to either compost or recycling. Waste Watch separation rules Waste: includes anything that cannot be composted or recycled (e.g.: #6 and #7 plastic). Compost: includes anything from the ground. Any human waste, any food scraps, any wet paper/cardboard, plant matter. e.g.: toenail clippings, leftover food scraps, grass, plants, leaves. Recycling #1: any paper products (e.g.: newsprint, looseleaf. Recycling #2: any plastic products or metals (including tin and aluminium). On the bottom of most bottles and plastic containers is a number code surrounded by a recycling emblem, ranging from 1–7, permitting these plastic items to be recyclable.* *For more than two decades, carbonated beverages in PEI were sold in reusable glass bottles redeemable at local grocery and convenience stores. Canned beer was banned in 1976 but the ban was lifted in May 2008. External links http://www.iwmc.pe.ca IWMC website Notes Crown corporations of Prince Edward Island Companies based in Charlottetown Recycling organizations Waste organizations Companies with year of establishment missing Waste in Canada
Heterosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae. The genus contains 6 species. References Helotiaceae
第二次美国内战（），是学者们用来将美国历史上重大政治暴力的历史时期重新归类为“内战”的总称，更常见的是，用来讨论美国未来可能爆发的内战。自1865年第一次内战结束以来，关于第二次内战的讨论以不同程度的频率和诚意进行。由于唐纳德·特朗普2016年大选的两极分化效应，关于可能爆发第二次内战的讨论正式进入主流。许多保守派人士来表达对政府的不满，他们认为政府在贝拉克·奥巴马总统和南希·佩洛西议长等民主党人的领导下是暴虐的。与此同时，左翼团体将特朗普的当选视为反动、极右翼和极端主义运动正在获得政治权力的标志，警告称特朗普煽动和反民主的行为将助长政治暴力，而特朗普保守派颠覆民主规范的努力将导致法西斯主义、极端民族主义、基督教民族主义，以及白人至上主义。由此产生的社会分裂被大多数专家认为是美国历史上政治极化最严重的时代之一。在唐纳德·特朗普的首次弹劾审判后，人们对内战的担忧急剧上升，而且由于政治动荡，这种担忧继续加剧。起因于新型冠状病毒疫情、乔治·弗洛伊德抗议期间的内乱、与具有历史争议的2020年美国总统选举相关的善后和法律调查、2021至2022年通货膨胀激增期间糟糕的经济状况、罗诉韦德案的推翻以及联邦调查局搜查海湖庄园的搜索。那些看到第二次内战早期迹象的人指出了包括民主衰退和政治暴力正常化在内的趋势，声称美国与其他爆发内战的国家极为相似。与此同时，那些认为内战风险被夸大的人将这种讨论定性为危言耸听和鼓吹恐惧，指出从经济到地缘政治的大规模暴力都有重大的抑制作用。几乎所有的观察家都声称，任何规模的第二次内战都将给全球稳定带来巨大代价。在2021亲特朗普的美国国会大厦遭到暴力袭击后，越来越多的政治科学家、记者、历史学家、情报官员、军事领导人、美国前将军、投资者、政治分歧双方的政治领导人开始越来越担心美国可能爆发内战。包括关注家庭在内的福音派和原教旨主义领袖敦促保守派基督徒为反对“激进左派”的内战做好准备。英国进步报纸《卫报》認為，美国“叛国的极右派”已经宣战。一些情报官员和记者断言，该国正陷入政治左翼和政治右翼之间的冷战，这场冷战可能在未来五到十年内开始。其他人表示，2022年中期选举或2024年总统选举可能会成为潜在的起火点。还有一些人声称，第二次内战可能已经开始，战争不可避免。2022年选举周期期间，几名共和党候选人在“内战”言论上发表政纲，许多候选人讨论针对左翼的暴力行为，而许多民主党人则警告，如果共和党人控制政府，将面临法西斯主义。民调数据显示，美国人越来越悲观，他们认为自己国家的未来面临内战的风险。极少数人认为美国正处于政治左翼和政治右翼之间的冷战。其他民调显示，大多数自我认同的共和党人同意“一些暴力可能是必要的，以使国家重回正轨”，以及“美国似乎将在不久的将来走向内战。”这也表明，各自自我认同為民主党和共和党身份的人都越来越容忍暴力，以此为其政治目辩护。这些情绪已经转化为现实行动，少数大规模枪击案和出于政治动机的杀戮至少部分是右翼犯罪者的动机，他们希望引发第二次美国内战。参考资料虚构战争历史理论
Antarctic beech is a common name of two species in the genus Nothofagus: Nothofagus antarctica, native to South America Nothofagus moorei, native to Australia
The greater-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the right, , has been found in documents dated as far back as 1631. In mathematical writing, the greater-than sign is typically placed between two values being compared and signifies that the first number is greater than the second number. Examples of typical usage include and . The less-than sign and greater-than sign always "point" to the smaller number. Since the development of computer programming languages, the greater-than sign and the less-than sign have been repurposed for a range of uses and operations. History The earliest known use of the symbols and is found in (The Analytical Arts Applied to Solving Algebraic Equations) by Thomas Harriot, published posthumously in 1631. The text states " a > b a b (The sign of majority a > b indicates that a is greater than b)" and " a < b a b (The sign of minority a < b indicates that a is less than b)." According to historian Art Johnson, while Harriot was surveying North America, he saw a Native American with a symbol that resembled the greater-than sign, in both backwards and forwards forms. Johnson says it is likely Harriot developed the two symbols from this symbol. Usage in text markup Angle brackets The greater-than sign is sometimes used for an approximation of the closing angle bracket, . The proper Unicode character is . ASCII does not have angular brackets. HTML In HTML (and SGML and XML), the greater-than sign is used at the end of tags. The greater-than sign may be included with , while produces the greater-than or equal to sign. E-mail and Markdown In some early e-mail systems, the greater-than sign was used to denote quotations. The sign is also used to denote quotations in Markdown. Usage in programming The 'greater-than sign' is encoded in ASCII as character hex 3E, decimal 62. The Unicode code point is , inherited from ASCII. For use with HTML, the mnemonics or may also be used. Programming language BASIC and C-family languages (including Java and C++) use the comparison operator to mean "greater than". In Lisp-family languages, is a function used to mean "greater than". In Coldfusion and Fortran, operator means "greater than". Double greater-than sign The double greater-than sign, , is used for an approximation of the much-greater-than sign . ASCII does not have the much greater-than sign. The double greater-than sign is also used for an approximation of the closing guillemet, . In Java, C, and C++, the operator is the right-shift operator. In C++ it is also used to get input from a stream, similar to the C functions and . In Haskell, the function is a monadic operator. It is used for sequentially composing two actions, discarding any value produced by the first. In that regard, it is like the statement sequencing operator in imperative languages, such as the semicolon in C. In XPath the operator returns true if the left operand follows the right operand in document order; otherwise it returns false. Triple greater-than sign The triple greater-than sign, , is the unsigned-right-shift operator in JavaScript. Three greater-than signs form the distinctive prompt of the firmware console in MicroVAX, VAXstation, and DEC Alpha computers (known as the SRM console in the latter). This is also the default prompt of the Python interactive shell, often seen for code examples that can be executed interactively in the interpreter: python Python 3.9.2 (default, Feb 20 2021, 18:40:11) [GCC 10.2.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> print("Hello World") Hello World >>> Greater-than sign with equals sign The greater-than sign plus the equals sign, , is sometimes used for an approximation of the greater than or equal to sign, which was not included in the ASCII repertoire. The sign is, however, provided in Unicode, as . In BASIC, Lisp-family languages, and C-family languages (including Java and C++), operator means "greater than or equal to". In Sinclair BASIC it is encoded as a single-byte code point token. In Fortran, operator means "greater than or equal to". In Bourne shell and Windows PowerShell, the operator means "greater than or equal to". In Lua, operator means "greater than or equal to" and is used like this x = math.random(1,9) y = 5 if x >= y then print("x("..x..") is more or equal to y("..y..")") else print("x("..x..") is less than y("..y..")") end expected output: or Hyphen-minus with greater-than sign In some programming languages (for example F#), the greater-than sign is used in conjunction with a hyphen-minus to create an arrow (). Arrows like these could also be used in text where other arrow symbols are unavailable. In the R programming language, this can be used as the right assignment operator. In the C, C++, and C# programming languages, this is used as a member access operator. In Swift and Python, it is used to indicate the return value type when defining a function (i.e., ). Shell scripts In Bourne shell (and many other shells), greater-than sign is used to redirect output to a file. Greater-than plus ampersand () is used to redirect to a file descriptor. Spaceship operator Greater-than sign is used in the 'spaceship operator', . ECMAScript and C# In ECMAScript and C#, the greater-than sign is used in lambda function expressions. In ECMAScript: const square = x => x * x; console.log(square(5)); // 25 In C#: Func<int, int> square = x => x * x; Console.WriteLine(square(5)); // 25 PHP In PHP, the greater-than sign is used in conjunction with the less-than sign as a not equal to operator. It is the same as the != operator. $x = 5; $y = 3; $z = 5; echo $x <> $y; // true echo $x <> $z; // false Unicode Unicode provides various Greater Than Symbol: See also Inequality (mathematics) Less-than sign Relational operator Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode Guillemet Material conditional References Typographical symbols Mathematical symbols Inequalities
Bugnara is a comune and village in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of southern Italy. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association. Geography Coming from the direction of the gorge of the Sagittario river, Bugnara is the first village in the conch-shaped Peligna valley. It is on the ancient Samnite road which leads to Scanno and Villetta Barrea. The village is between local hub Sulmona and the tourist destination of Scanno. Buses run from Scanno, past Bugnara, and on to Sulmona and Rome. Bugnara is at the foot of Colle Rotondo, elevation above sea level and Monte Genzana at more than , a ridge which runs from Scanno to Introdacqua. Trails lead up the mountain from Bugnara. Its territory goes up to the Sagittario river to the north. It overlooks the whole Peligna valley, with its buildings clustered around the Ducal Castle, known as the Castello Ducale or the Rocca dello Scorpione. Bugnara is near the Gran Sasso d'Italia, which is the largest Italian mountain south of the Alps. Bugnara is also near the ski resort of Roccaraso. The most notable hamlet belonging to Bugnara is Torre dei Nolfi. Name origins Although no one knows for certain the origins of the name Bugnara, one hypothesis derives the term from "Bonae Ara", indicating an altar dedicated to the good mother goddess Bona or Ceres. This is supported by the fact that a pagan temple once stood where the Madonna della Neve church now stands. The temple's Roman flooring is still visible today in a herringbone pattern or Opus spicatum. A carving found at the site has decorations showing priestesses undertaking a rite. Another hypothesis is that Bugnara comes from "Vignae Ara", thanks to the cultivation of vines around the village. History The earliest documented evidence of Bugnara dates to the 6th century, although archaeological finds show that the settlement was inhabited much earlier. In the year 1000 AD, the Madonna della Neve church was built. In 1079 the borgo (fortified settlement) became the fiefdom of Simone di Sangro. It remained with the Sangro family until the extinction of their line in 1759 with Vittoria Mariconda di Sangro. In the 11th century, the ducal palace or Palazzo Ducale was built by the Sangro family. They also rebuilt the Madonna della Neve church in 1361. The Sangros' power spread into the neighbouring settlements of Anversa degli Abruzzi, Frattura, Chiarana, but they didn't succeed in holding these territories. In 1442, a feudal tribute called the Regia Dogana della Mena delle Pecore di Foggia was imposed. This had a major impact on Bugnara, given that it was dependent on agriculture. In 1706, 1933 and 1984, Bugnara was hit by major earthquakes. In particular, the 1984 earthquake affected the village, and the historic churches of Bugnara were inaccessible for a long time afterwards. In 1891, a train line and station were built by Bugnara. The tall rail bridge over the Sagittario was blown up during World War II, since it was seen as a link to Rome. The bridge was later reconstructed. In 1974, an important historic and artistic artefact was rediscovered: the 13th-century sculpture of the Virgin and Child called the Madonna delle Concanelle from the Madonna della Neve church. It is now conserved in the National Museum of Abruzzo which is housed in the Forte Spagnolo in L'Aquila. Urban layout The village takes the triangular format typical of the Mediaeval period. The houses, built entirely in stone, were constructed one against the other. Narrow streets climb toward the top of the village, where the castle sits. Around the village are tratturi, pastoral routes for the migration of sheep between summer and winter pastures. These would have been heavily used in times gone by. Main sights Churches Madonna della Neve. The church, also known as the Madonna delle Concanelle, has three naves, supported by gothic arches. Tradition states that the church was built on the site of a pagan temple dedicated to Ceres, who was worshiped by the Peligna valley people in thanks for the harvest. This hypothesis was supported by the finding of two carvings showing a priestess, named on one carving as Helvia, and on the other carving shown performing a rite. Santissimo Rosario church. The church sits in the piazza of the same name and was built between the 16th century and the 17th century. The single-nave Baroque interior is bright and colourful with a carved wooden pulpit, marble sculptures, gilded detail, frescoes and 16th-century stucco decoration. The highlight is the carved marble altar. With its many colours and sense of motion, it is a prime example of the Abruzzan Baroque style. Madonna degli Angeli church. Found near the Madonna della Neve church, this small 14th-century church holds a frescoed triptych about the Madonna. Madonna delle Grazie church. Located in the suburb of the same name, this church is linked to the railway workers of the nearby station. San Francesco da Paola church. This chapel is in the Pescara suburb of the territory and belonged to the Paparelli-Corrado family. The priest Angelo Paparelli had it built in 1818. Santa Maria della Pace church. Also known as Santa Maria di Pietraluna, this church is found in Torre dei Nolfi, a hamlet within the territory of Bugnara. It was built by local residents in 1871. Madonna del Buon Consiglio church. Also at Torre dei Nolfi, this church was the property of the Alesi di Villapiana barons. San Giuseppe church. Found in the hamlet of the same name, on the banks of the Sagittario river, this small church has been recently restored. Civic and fortified buildings Ducal palace or Palazzo Ducale di Sangro, also known as Rocca dello Scorpione and Castello Ducale Medievale. The large castle at the summit of the village was built in the 12th century by the di Sangro family, who inhabited it until 1500 AD. It is walled, with two towers. It offered protection to the people of Bugnara under siege. Palazzo Corrado Palazzo Alesi Villapiana Palazzo Papi Archaeological sites Roman villa in the Santo Stefano zone of Bugnara, identified by historian Antonio De Nino in 1887. De Nino described a settlement with a wine cellar and Roman inscriptions. In 1980–1981, excavations uncovered walls in opus incertum, columns, anfora, herringbone floors in opus spicatum, and seven dolia (large earthenware containers) which would be typical of a country villa. Culture Events in the village include: Romantica and the International Florists' Festival. Called "Hearts under the stars", Romantica is an all-night celebration with various specialty drink and food stalls, dancing, live music, a catwalk show, floral displays, theatrical events and photo exhibitions. Florists from all the world compete to decorate the historic town centre of Bugnara. Sagra del Formaggio Pecorino di Bugnara. A 'sagra' is a celebration of a special local product. They are common in the summer in Abruzzo. This event is dedicated to Bugnara's most archetypal product: Pecorino cheese, a hard, full-flavoured, sheep's milk cheese. Bugnara Pecorino originates in rich mountain pastures where specific herbs grow. Sagra del Grano. This event in Bugnara's hamlet of Torre dei Nolfi celebrates the shared customs of an agricultural community, re-enacting the ancient tradition of trebbiatura or threshing of the grain using antique tools of the pre-industrial era. There are food stalls with local specialities. Fiera del Gusto e della Solidarietà (Italian or "Christmas Market of Flavours and Solidarity"9. The aim of this pre-Christmas event is to collect money for a charity which is chosen each year. Every organisation, school and other body of Bugnara arranges a market stall with artigianal products or foods. People Pasquale (1905–1960) and Nicola D'Agostino (1910–1996), founders of D'Agostino Supermarkets in New York City Annibale de Gasparis (1819–1892), astronomer who discovered numerous asteroids Demography Bugnara's population (as collected in the census and reported by Istat) reached a peak of just over 3,000 between 1900 and 1930. However, the difficulty of life in the post-war era led to dramatic emigration in the 1950s and 1960s. Bugnara's population has been just over 1,000 since the 1971 census. See also Abruzzo (wine) References Cities and towns in Abruzzo Borghi più belli d'Italia
is a Japanese visual kei metal/rock band formed in 2003 by Asagi, Ruiza and Sin, after their previous band Syndrome disbanded. D's music includes heavy guitar songs, as well as melancholic ballads and even medieval music and folk dance from around the world. Their lyrics focus on love, human nature and esoteric themes, such as spirituality and the relationship between persons and nature, and their costumes are closely related to the stories they tell. Their styling matches their music: fantastical, gothic and elegant. History 2003–2005: Formation and The Name of the Rose In March 2003, D was formed with their initial lineup of vocalist Asagi, guitarist Ruiza, drummer Hiroki, guitarist Sin, and bassist Rena. They released their first EP, New Blood on July 18. Shortly before the release, Sin quit D, and not long after, Ruiza had to leave the band due to undisclosed health issues. D went on a short pause of activities from that point, however Asagi and Hiroki continued to play concerts under the name "Night of the Children" with a support guitarist, Tetsu. Meanwhile, Sin decided to leave the music scene and Hiroki called a former band member, Hide-Zou, to fill in. Once Ruiza was released from the hospital on September 27, D officially resumed activities with Hide-Zou replacing Sin on guitar. Two months after their reunion, they recorded their first single "Alice" which was given away for free at only one show in Tokyo that November. "Alice" was released as a single on November 27. On January 7 of the following year, they released their second EP: Paradox, which reached 13th place on the Oricon indies chart. During 2004, D released another EP Yume Narishi Kuuchuu Teien, as well as a single entitled "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi", which was only for sale at three concerts in November, in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. They also released a remastered version of their first EP, with a previously unreleased track "Gareki no Hana". New Blood: Second Impact was released on December 8 of that year, quickly followed by their fourth single, "Mahiru no Koe: Synchronicity". In 2005, Rena remained in the band long enough to release one more single and promotional video, "Yami Yori Kurai Doukoku no a Capella to Bara Yori Akai Jounetsu no Aria". On July 27, after finishing the recording of the forthcoming album, Rena left the band and Hide-Zou recorded bass for that release. They released their first full album titled The Name of the Rose on September 28 in two versions, each packaged with a DVD containing a different promotional video. D launched their own publication called Mad Tea Party Magazine on August 7. 2006–2007: New lineup, Tafel Anatomie and Neo culture: Beyond the world On December 5, 2005, Tsunehito joined as the new bassist. The band re-released their first full album: The Name of the Rose, with re-recorded bass tracks by Tsunehito. The updated album contained three extra tracks: "Shiroi Yoru", "Tsukiyo no Renka", and "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi". Keeping with the trend of remastering their old albums, in 2006 D re-released their EPs Paradox and Yume Narishi Kuchuu Teien. The latter came with two additional tracks that were previously unreleased. Their seventh single, "Taiyou wo Okuru Hi", was released in two types: a limited edition with the promotional video for the title track, and a regular edition with an instrumental version of the title track. Two months later they released their second album, Tafel Anatomie on October 18, which ranked 36th on the Oricon weekly chart. In 2007, D launched an official fan club, Ultimate Lover, and released their first DVD of live concert footage, Tafel Anatomie: Tour 2006 Final on March 14. Soon after, the band announced in-store events and a three-date tour in Osaka, Nagoya, and Tokyo on their website to support their "Dearest You" single to be released on April 25. In the summer, D had a dual single release campaign, with "Ouka Sakisomenikeri" released on July 18 and "Schwarzschild" on August 15. On November 7, they released their third full-length album Neo culture: Beyond the world with an expanded version of their usual multiple-version marketing tactic; buyers could choose from two special editions each containing a DVD with different promotional video, and a regular edition with a thirty-six page booklet. 2008–2010: Major label debut, Genetic World and 7th Rose D signed with the major record label Avex Trax in 2008. Their last indies tour was called "Follow Me", and a DVD of footage from the final concert was released later in July. Their first major single called "Birth" was released on May 7. Their second major single, "Yami no Kuni no Alice/Hamon", was released on September 3. The title track was used as the theme for the movie Twilight Syndrome: Dead-Go-Round, and the b-side track "Hamon" was used as the ending theme for the Nintendo DS game Twilight Syndrome. Their first major label-sponsored concert entitled "Birth: Sora e no Kaiki" was held on August 8, followed by their year's end "Alice in Dark Edge" tour. Their first activity of 2009 was the release of their third major single, "Snow White". Then on February 25, they released their fourth full-length album titled Genetic World. In the months following, they released a special combination concert photo book and live album "D Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final", and a live DVD: D Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge in March. D's tour for Genetic World kicked off in April 2009 and ended that May. In September, Asagi opened a website for his company Rosen Kranz (God Child Records). Soon they announced the revival of Mad Tea Party Magazine, and it was decided that the eleventh volume and eighth special edition photo book would be released on October 13. D's fourth major single "Tightrope" was released on September 23. A previously unreleased song "Day by Day" was soon announced to be the theme song for a dating simulation game for Japanese mobile phones called LoveφSummit, part of the Neo Romance series from KOEI, as well as the title track of a new single that was to be released on December 2. The band's first single of 2010, "Kaze ga Mekuru Peji", was used as the opening theme for the television drama Shinsengumi Peacemaker, aired on TBS and MBS, and was scheduled for sale on March 10. Their fifth album, titled 7th Rose in honor of their seven years of activity, was released later that month. A compilation DVD: D 1st Video Clips containing footage from their short television program Bara no Yakata, and several promotional videos from their independent and major releases was also released on March 31. Their single, "In the Name of Justice", was released on November 17, 2010. It featured two special editions, one carrying the song's PV, other packing "the making of" the title track, also including "Grand Master", and a regular edition featuring "Yoru no Me to Ginyushijin". 2011–2012: World tour and Vampire Saga On January 12, 2011, D released their sixth album called Vampire Saga. D covered Malice Mizer's song "Gekka no Yasoukyoku" for the compilation: Crush! -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-. The album was released on January 26, 2011, and features current visual kei bands covering songs from bands that were important to the '90s visual kei movement. In the spring of 2011, D did its first overseas tour through Torpedo Productions, in May the group visited Europe and played with the tour name "VAMPIRE SAGA in Europe - 'Path of the Rose'". They visited France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Russia, England and Finland, and were at Project A-Kon 2011 in Texas. After returning to Japan, they released the single "Torikago Goten ~L'Oiseau bleu~" and created their official Facebook page. On November 21 the same year, the band released their new mini album titled Huang Di ~Yami ni Umareta Mukui~, the release was limited and sold out quickly thanks to the group's expanding fanbase and popularity. On April 20, 2012, was the first stop of D's second European tour. To promote their new single "Dying Message" and also to again feel the energy of their western fans. Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Italy, Austria, Russia and Finland was on the tour schedule. Last show was May 9 in Russia. Following this, they embarked on their first South American Tour (Chile, Brazil and Argentina) in May. After the tour the group released the single "Dying Message" on May 30, 2012. On July 18, D released the single "Danzai no Gunner". In the PV to "Danzai no Gunner", Asagi (vocal) used a gun for the first time to save Tsunehito (bass) from a mad doctor. From July to August the band did a promotion tour called "Danzai no Gunner". On October 18, the band released a documentary DVD about their visit in Europe "Dying message ~2012 Overseas Odyssey Tour Documentary & Off-Shot". On November 4, the band appeared on YouTube on the Online TV-show (visual kei)Viju Love Cafe, where they promoted their latest PV for "Namonaki Mori no Yumegatari". On November 14, the band released their latest EP called Namonaki Mori no Yumegatari with songs including "Hikari no Niwa", "Canis Lupus" and "Like a Black Cat - Mujitsu No Tsumi". The musicians are still in their infant years, reaching out into the world and broadening the visual kei stage. 2013–2014: 10th Anniversary and Kingdom In April 2013, around the celebration of their 10th anniversary, D released news about joining the major label Victor Entertainment. They released Treasure box, a greatest hits album which includes songs from their times under God Child Records label. Later that year, they released Bloody Rose "Best Collection 2007-2011", which includes material from their Avex Trax era. In May 2013, the band started their 10th anniversary tour. Between May 1 till 5th each band member had a show where their played their personal favorites from the band's many songs. The next 5 dates each had a show for each big record the band had released during their 10 years of performing. The band has expressed interest for a new tour in Europe. In July 2013, the band began touring Japan and visiting each of the members home towns in celebration of their major label signing with a new visual for "Rosenstrauss", focusing the theme of the tour on the character "Rosalie" of their vampire story. Hiroki collaborated with many musicians on Dead End's tribute album, specifically on the song "Dress Burning". On March 26, 2014, the band released new Best of album titled D Vampire Chronicle: V-Best Selection. Their seventh full-length album titled Kingdom was released on November 12, 2014. This album, it will continue D's popular vampire story, but is also described as a musical biography of the band: "beautiful, violent and transcending genre boundaries". D has announced that they went on an activity pause next year after finishing their 47-prefectures live tour due to worsening of vocalist Asagi's temporomandibular joint disorder. 2015–present: Wonderland Savior D's hiatus ended in mid 2015. On December 9, 2015, they released a new single "Master Key". This single continues the "Alice in Wonderland" theme that also ran through D's previous single "Happy Unbirthday", which was released in September. D held a tour also named "MASTER KEY" starting from November, they held the tour final at Akasaka Blitz (with the guests: Hello Kitty and My Melody) on December 11. On April 27, 2016, Asagi released a major debut solo single titled "Seventh Sense/屍の王者/アンプサイ". It features many well-known artists, including Hiro and Shuse of La'cryma Christi, Sakura of Zigzo, Hitoki of Kuroyume, Keiichi Miyako of Sophia, Ken Morioka of Soft Ballet, Sakito of Nightmare, Shinya of Dir En Grey, Shinya of Luna Sea, K-A-Z of Sads and many more. On October 26, D released their first album after their return from hiatus. They released their eighth album called Wonderland Savior. Members , born on August 29, 1974, in Noshiro, Akita, is the vocalist, lyricist, and one of the main songwriters of D. Previously in the bands Balsamic (1994–1997), Je*Reviens (1998–2001), and Syndrome (2001–2002), he was also in a side project called Kochou with Tinc's drummer Takuma, formerly known as Shion in Syndrome. He founded the company record label God Child Records in 2006, under which D released most of their independent era works. He released a solo single that year entitled "Corvinus", and also developed a perfume of the same name, under the God Child subsidiary Rosen Kranz. , D's guitarist and other main songwriter, was born on February 18, 1979, in Itami, Hyougo. He was previously in the bands Distray (1996–1999), Laybial (1999–2000), and Syndrome. Ruiza has also released three solo EPs: Ao no Hahen in 2002,amenity gain in 2006 and abyss in 2012 (the latter two stylized without capitals). , born in Kanagawa on November 19, 1977, is the second guitarist of D. He was previously in the bands Lapis (1995–1997), Clair de Lune (1997–2000), As'Real (2000–2002), and S to M (2002–2003). , D's current bass player, was born on March 5, 1984, in Yokohama, Kanagawa. His previous bands include Relude (2001–2003), Givuss (2003–2004), and Scissor (2004–2005). was born on July 20, 1975, in Gunma, and is the drummer of D. He was previously in the bands Overtaker (1998–2000), Michiru Project (2001–2001), Aioria (2001–2002), and S to M (2002–2003). Timeline Influence Asagi said that X Japan, Luna Sea, Malice Mizer, L'Arc~en~Ciel, and Buck-Tick are the Japanese bands that influenced them the most. Asagi's favorite singers are women, naming Enya, Björk, and Amy Lee of Evanescence. Hiroki's favorites bands are Skid Row and Dream Theater, while Ruiza picked X Japan and Dream Theater, and Hide-Zou chose Luna Sea. Tsunehito's favorite Japanese bands are Kuroyume and Buck-Tick. Ruiza and Hide-Zou stated that they were influenced by Kouichi from Laputa. Discography Singles "Alice" (November 27, 2003) "Yume Narishi Kuuchuu Teien" (夢なりし空中庭園) (May 12, 2004) "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi" (繭月の棺) (November 4, 2004) "Mahiru no Koe ~Synchronicity~" (真昼の声 ~Synchronicity~) (January 12, 2005) "Shiroi Yoru" (白い夜) (February 17, 2005) "Yami Yori Kurai Doukoku no Acapella to Bara Yori Akai Jounetsu no Aria" (闇より暗い慟哭のアカペラと薔薇より赤い情熱のアリア) (June 22, 2005) Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 81 "Taiyou wo Okuru hi" (太陽を葬（おく）る日) (August 3, 2006) "Dearest You" (April 25, 2007), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 43 "Ouka Saki Some ni Keri" (桜花咲きそめにけり) (July 18, 2007) "Schwarzschild" (August 15, 2007) "Birth" (May 7, 2008), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 8 "Yami no Kuni no Alice/Hamon" (闇の国のアリス/波紋) (September 3, 2008), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 9 "Snow White" (January 21, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 6 "Tightrope" (September 23, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 9 "Day by Day" (December 2, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 16 "Kaze ga Mekuru Page" (風がめくる頁) (March 10, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 22 "Akaki Hitsuji ni Yoru Bansankai" (赤き羊による晩餐会) (July 28, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 24 "In the name of justice" (November 17, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 22 "Torikago Goten ~L'Oiseau Bleu~" (鳥籠御殿 ~L’Oiseau bleu~) (July 28, 2011) "Huang Di ~Yami ni Umareta Mukui~" (皇帝 ~闇に生まれた報い~) (November 21, 2011) "Nyanto-shippo "De"!?" (February 13, 2012) "Ultimate lover" (February 13, 2012) "Dying Message" (May 30, 2012) "Danzai no Gunner" (断罪の銃士) (July 18, 2012) "Bon Voyage!" (April 12, 2013) "Rosenstrauss" (August 28, 2013) "Dark wings" (December 11, 2013) "Taiyou o Se ni Shite" (太陽を背にして) (December 15, 2013) "Tsuki no Sakazuki" (月の杯) (July 23, 2014) "Dandelion" (December 13, 2014) "Happy Unbirthday" (September 16, 2015) "Master Key" (December 9, 2015) "Himitsu kessha K club" (秘密結社 K倶楽部) (July 16, 2016) Mini albums Studio albums The Name of the Rose (September 28, 2005) Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 85 The Name of the Rose – Remastered Edition (February 8, 2006), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 83 Tafel Anatomie (October 18, 2006), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 36 Neo Culture: Beyond the World (November 7, 2007), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 31 Genetic World (February 25, 2009), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 11 7th Rose (March 24, 2010), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 37 Vampire Saga (January 12, 2011), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 29 Kingdom (November 12, 2014) Wonderland Savior (October 26, 2016) Live albums Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final (March 18, 2009) Compilation albums Treasure Box (April 7, 2013) Bloody Rose "Best Collection 2007-2011" (August 21, 2013) D Vampire Chronicle: V-Best Selection (March 26, 2014) DVDs Tafel Anatomie: Tour 2006 Final (March 14, 2007) Last Indies Tour 2008 Final: Follow Me (July 30, 2008) Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final (March 18, 2009) D 1st Video Clips (March 31, 2010) In the Name of Justice Tour Final 2010 (April 27, 2011) D Tour 2011 Vampire Saga ~Path of the Rose~ (October 20, 2011) Dying message: 2012 Overseas Odyssey Tour Documentary & Off-Shot (October 18, 2012) D 10th Anniversary Special Premium Live 2013 "Bon Voyage!" (October 30, 2013) D Tour 2013 Rosenstrauss Documentary DVD (October 7, 2014) 47 Todoufuken Tour Final At Maihama Amphitheater (March 18, 2015) Ultimate lover Dai Nijyu-ichi ya (Ultimate lover 第二十一夜) (April 29, 2015) D Tour 2015 Master Key Tour Document & 3songs Live (April 6, 2016) Happy Unbirthday 2015.8.29 Akasaka BLITZ (April 6, 2016) References External links Mad Tea Party official website CJ Victor Entertainment artists Gan-Shin artists Visual kei musical groups Japanese hard rock musical groups Musical groups established in 2003 Musical groups from Kanagawa Prefecture Japanese progressive metal musical groups Japanese symphonic metal musical groups Japanese gothic metal musical groups
翰林可以指：翰林院翰林演藝藝術高等學校翰林出版翰林峰翰林茶館
Ruth Zakarian (born February 6, 1966) is an American actress and beauty queen who was the winner of the first ever Miss Teen USA 1983 pageant in Lakeland, Florida. She also competed at Miss USA 1984 but unplaced. Miss Teen USA An Armenian American, Zakarian was born in Amsterdam, New York and represented the state of New York at the Miss Teen USA pageant. Before then, she was a babysitter for Jessica Collins, Miss New York Teen USA 1988 and first runner-up to Miss Teen USA 1988. In her interview during the pageant, Collins called attention to this fact with Zakarian in attendance. After Miss Teen USA Zakarian later worked as an actress under the stage name of Devon Pierce. Her most notable role was as "Diane Westin" on the soap opera The Young and the Restless. She also appeared on Santa Barbara as Isabella Castillo. Zakarian now resides in Massachusetts. She has one daughter, Fiaba Zakarian who studied Psychology and Economics at Loyola Marymount University. References External links 1967 births Living people American soap opera actresses American television actresses American people of Armenian descent Miss Teen USA winners People from Amsterdam, New York Actresses from New York (state) 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American women
帕爾基諾區（），是俄羅斯的一個區，位於該國西北部，由普斯科夫州負責管轄，面積1,191.2平方公里，2010年人口8,826，人口密度每平方公里7.41人。參考資料 http://palkino.reg60.ru 普斯科夫州的区 1931年终结的国家或政权
不规则出血和月经的区别？子宫功能性出血是一种常见的多发性的妇科病。主要是指月经不正常，即内外生殖器无明显器质性病变的不规则阴道出血，简称功血。医学称崩漏、崩中范畴。原因一.子宫颈肿瘤，宫颈癌也可以引起出血，开始为接触性出血，以后可发展为少量不规则阴道出血，晚期出血量增多，甚至大出血。二.功能失调性子宫出血，发生在青春期前后、生育年龄，以及更年期前后。表现为月经周期、经期均出现异常，出血可以时多时少、时有时无，甚至淋漓不止。三.阴道肿瘤、阴道壁肿瘤，如阴道癌，但通常出血量不多。阴道损伤、阴道异物也可引起出血。绝经后女性阴道壁很薄，性生活损伤可导致出血。四.宫腔异物，如剖宫产后胎膜残留，由于影响了子宫内膜的收缩及修复而导致出血。宫内节育器机械性压迫，可使子宫内膜发生局部损伤、坏死及表浅的溃疡导致出血。子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌腺病也有可能出血。月经是生理上的循环周期，发生在一些具有生育能力的女性人类和黑猩猩与别的动物之间。刺毛鼠,母牛、母马、母骆驼、母猪、母羊等也会来月经，某些的哺乳类动物则是经历动情周期。育龄妇女和灵长类雌性动物，每隔一个月左右，子宫内膜发生一次自主增厚，血管增生、腺体生长分泌以及子宫内膜崩溃脱落并伴随出血的周期性变化。这种周期性阴道排血或子宫出血现象，称月经。不规则出血主要是外界原因才会引起的，这种现象是内分泌不调，所以才会出现不规则出血，而且出血量不稳定，通常情况下一到两天就可以好转。但是来月经时出血量基本稳定，时间稳定，属于正常的生理机构。
史蒂文·戴维斯，MBE（，）是一位北愛爾蘭職業足球員，在場上司職中場。現效力於蘇超格拉斯哥流浪，並且也代表北愛爾蘭國家隊參賽。球會生涯 2008年1月31日，戴维斯被租借至格拉斯哥流浪。2008年8月21日，戴维斯从富勒姆永久转会至格拉斯哥流浪。 2012年7月21日，剛升上英超作賽的修咸頓同意格拉斯哥流浪報價購入史提芬·戴維斯，合約為期四年。參考資料外部連結 Steven Davis Career Profile Steven Davis profile Irish FA 北愛爾蘭男子足球運動員阿士東維拉球員富勒姆球員格拉斯哥流浪球員修咸頓球員英超球員蘇超球員 2016年歐洲國家盃球員 MBE勳銜
2014夏季达沃斯论坛，又名世界经济论坛2014年新领军者年会，于2014年9月10日至12日在中国天津市举行，会议地点为天津梅江会展中心，来自世界90个国家和地区的超过2100位政要和商界领袖等受邀与会。此次夏季达沃斯论坛期间将举办140场专题会议。在此次夏季达沃斯论坛的开幕式上，国务院总理李克强首次提出“大众创业、万众创新”，并在日后成为中国政府的一项政策。会议议程 9月9日 2014年9月9日，2014夏季达沃斯论坛开幕的前一天，中国总理李克强应邀同出席夏季达沃斯论坛的200多位全球跨国公司负责人和研究机构、新闻媒体等各界代表对话交流，就中国经济增长、深化改革、反垄断等中国经济热点问题进行了交流。 9月10日 2014年9月10日，2014年夏季达沃斯论坛正式开幕，这一天讨论的议题有：基础设施建设刻不容缓全球经济最新动态消费者安全：安全优势变局下的中国商业环境金融行业的战略转变数字化优势能源行业的战略转变新兴市场将再次崛起？网络经济的未来中国前景展望 2014年新领军者年会欢迎致辞及开幕全会 9月11日 2014年9月11日，是夏季达沃斯论坛论坛开幕后的第二天，这一天的主要议题有：全球化：亚洲商业环境气候变化：气候政策的新环境技术展望：再次遭遇互联网泡沫？新领军者全会：推动创新创造价值 “洞察力，新观念”会议：对话考什克·巴苏中国的环境：打造中国的绿色经济医疗服务优势金融危机：论坛辩论会：金融断层线全球科学展望重塑中国金融业 9月12日 2014年9月12日，是夏季达沃斯论坛论坛开幕后的最后一天，这一天的主要议题有：论坛辩论会：智能化工作中国：下一个创新型国家性别优势技术：发展技术，造福人类参考文献参见世界经济论坛-夏季达沃斯论坛天津梅江会展中心 2014年国际会议夏季达沃斯论坛中华人民共和国天津市事件 2014年中国事件 2014年天津 2014年9月
吃什么能治儿童脂肪肝？脂肪肝是指脂肪的重量超过了肝脏重量的10%。虽然脂肪肝是一种良性病变，但如果患者不采取有效的治疗措施，则很有可能会增加患动脉硬化、高血压等疾病的危险。但其实脂肪肝也没有那么可怕，一般脂肪肝都可以通过经过合理调养和治疗来治疗。那么，吃什么能治儿童脂肪肝?1.豆制品是脂肪肝饮食治疗的首选食物,包括豆浆、豆腐、豆芽等。现代营养学研究证明,豆制品不仅含有丰富的营养,还有降低血脂的作用。如果每日摄入30~50克大豆蛋白,能显著降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、及甘油三脂水平,而不影响高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。研究者指出,大豆的降脂作用明显地与原来血脂水平高低有关。原血脂越高者,大豆的降脂作用越显著。2.燕麦含有极丰富的亚油酸,占全部不饱和脂肪酸的35%-52%。维生素E含量也很丰富,而且燕麦中含有皂甙素,可以降低血浆胆固醇的浓度。3.洋葱具有促进血凝块溶解,降低血脂,扩张冠状动脉和增加外周血管血流量的作用。国外学者研究认为,中老年人多吃洋葱,可以防止高脂血症、动脉硬化、脑血栓、冠心病的发生和发展。4.大蒜具有舒张血管,化解血小板过度聚集的功效,并有阻止胆固醇生物合成及抗氧化的作用。有报告指出,每天服用大蒜粉或大蒜精以及坚持吃大蒜,经过4~5周后,血压会降低10%,血清总胆固醇会降低8%~10%。如果每人每天吃一头大蒜,即可预防心脑血管疾病发生。但是伴随肝硬化或明显的肝胆症状时应禁用。5.牛奶含有羟基、甲基戊二酸,能抑制人体内胆固醇合成酶的活性,从而抑制胆固醇的合成,降低血中胆固醇的含量。此外,牛奶中含有较多的钙,也可降低人体对胆固醇的吸收。小儿脂肪肝一般不需要进行特别的治疗，只要合理地调整日常饮食，就通常可以使脂肪肝情况得到好转。小朋友正处于生长发育阶段，保持身体的健康十分重要，因此孩子们日常饮食结构的均衡更需要家长们的注意。
白带发黄查了白带常规没事怎么回事？正常情况下，白带的颜色应该如蛋清一般，无色，粘稠度适中，这种我们叫做白带正常，而白带一旦颜色或者粘稠度等改变的话，一般叫做白带异常，白带发黄也是属于白带异常。可能是生殖器受到细菌性感染，可能是阴道炎，子宫内膜炎等不同情况的炎症而导致的白带发黄，或许还会伴有经常性的腹痛。有一部分女性在怀孕期间也会有白带发黄的症状出现。如果白带发黄同时少许发绿，还伴有异常气味，质地像豆腐渣一般的，通常这种情况下这些白带发黄患者很可能是得了性病，比如淋病。有的中年或老年妇女白带发黄，这是属于老年性的阴道炎，此时往往也伴随这白带增多，并有臭味。另外有些女性，特别是年龄较大的女性，白带发黄后渐渐产生白带发红，这就要相当注意了，同时还流出大量脓性恶臭的白带，有可能就是宫颈癌或宫颈内膜癌等所导致的。白带发黄一般都是白带异常的起步阶段，伴随的或许还会有异味等。根据都市妇科的专家观点来看，白带发黄通常有生殖器受到细菌性感染，可能是阴道炎，子宫内膜炎等不同情况的炎症而导致的白带发黄，或许还会伴有经常性的腹痛。有一部分女性在怀孕期间也会有白带发黄的症状出现。如果白带发黄同时少许发绿，还伴有异常气味，质地像豆腐渣一般的，通常这种情况下这些白带发黄患者很可能是得了性病，比如淋病。有的中年或老年妇女白带发黄，这是属于老年性的阴道炎，此时往往也伴随这白带增多，并有臭味。另外有些女性，特别是年龄较大的女性，白带发黄后渐渐产生白带发红，这就要相当注意了，同时还流出大量脓性恶臭的白带，有可能就是宫颈癌或宫颈内膜癌等所导致的。白带发黄是不健康的一个警示标志，作为女性来说应该时刻关注自己的健康，一旦发现白带发黄或者有其它异常情况，都应当立刻去医院进行详细的检查，免得造成严重的后果。
洋湖乡，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。行政区划洋湖乡下辖以下地区：。参考资料
Albert Alcalay (August 17, 1917 Paris - March 29, 2008 Boston) was an American abstract artist, also known as an abstract expressionism artist. Life Albert Alcalay was born in Paris in 1917, a son of Samuel and Lepa Alcalay, both of whom were born in Serbia. On the eve of the outbreak of World War I, his banker father had been moved from Belgrade to Paris, and when the war ended, the family returned to Belgrade. There, whilst attending secondary school, young Albert was apprenticed to an artist. At that time, he began studying architecture. When World War II started, he joined the Yugoslavian army. It was not long before Yugoslavia surrendered and he became a prisoner of war where he was imprisoned in the Ferramonti internment camp. Upon regaining freedom he settled in Rome, where he began painting. In 1951, he and his wife Vera, moved to the United States. He had his first individual show at the Swetzoff Gallery in 1952. In 1959, he was a Guggenheim Fellow. He taught at Harvard University, from 1960 to 1982. Alcalay's work is in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Fogg Art Museum in Cambridge, the Museum of Modern Art in Rome, Colby College, Simmons College, Smith College and the University of Massachusetts, among others. He lived on Martha's Vineyard. The story of Alcalay's escape from German Nazis and Italian Fascists, his development as a painter, his immigration to the United States where he became one of the founders of Harvard’s Department of Visual and Environmental Studies (VES), and his struggle to remain creative despite severe health problems, is told in a new film, "Albert Alcalay: Self Portraits," premiered in January 2004 at the Harvard Film Archive. The film can be viewed on Vimeo. Exhibitions 2008 "Albert Alcalay: Self Portraits", Fort Worth Modern 2009 Remembering Albert Alcalay, Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts References 1917 births 2008 deaths Painters from Paris Harvard University faculty Painters from Massachusetts 20th-century American painters American male painters American people of Serbian-Jewish descent 20th-century French artists 20th-century French Sephardi Jews French emigrants Immigrants to Yugoslavia Yugoslav expatriates in Italy Yugoslav emigrants to the United States 20th-century American male artists
Peace journalism is a style and theory of reporting that aims to treat stories about war and conflict with balance, in contrast to war journalism, which peace journalism advocates say display a bias toward violence. The theory proposes practical methods for correcting biases in stories appearing in the mainstream and alternative media, and suggests ways for journalists to work with other media professionals, audiences, and organizations in conflict. This concept was proposed by Johan Galtung. Other terms for this broad definition of peace journalism include conflict solution journalism, conflict sensitive journalism, constructive conflict coverage, and reporting the world. War journalism is journalism about conflict that has a value bias towards violence and violent groups. This usually leads audiences to overvalue violent responses to conflict and ignore non-violent alternatives. This is understood to be the result of well documented news reporting conventions. These conventions focus only on physical effects of conflict (for example ignoring psychological impacts) and elite positions (which may or may not represent the actual parties and their goals). It is also biased toward reporting only the differences between parties, (rather than similarities, previous agreements, and progress on common issues) the here and now (ignoring causes and outcomes), and zero sums (assuming that one side's needs can only be met by the other side's compromise or defeat). Peace journalism aims to correct for these biases. Its operational definition is "to allow opportunities for society at large to consider and value non-violent responses to conflict". This involves picking up calls for, and articulations of, non-violence policies from whatever quarter, and allowing them into the public sphere. Origins Peace journalism follows a long history of news publication, originating in non-sectarian Christian peace movements and societies of the early 19th century, which published periodicals. Sectarian organizations also created publications focused on peace as part of their proselytizing in the 19th century, as did utopian communities of the period. From the 20th century, a prominent example of sectarian journalism focused on peace was Dorothy Day's Catholic Worker. Besides being an element in the histories of pacifism and the social movement press, peace journalism is a set of journalism practices that emerged in the 1970s. Norwegian sociologist, peace researcher and practitioner Johan Galtung proposed the idea of peace journalism for journalists to follow to show how a value bias towards violence can be avoided when covering war and conflict. Christian organizations such as The World Council of Churches and The World Association for Christian Communication also practice peace journalism. Peace journalism aims to shed light on structural and cultural causes of violence, as they impact upon the lives of people in a conflict arena as part of the explanation for violence. It aims to frame conflicts as consisting of many parties and pursuing many goals rather than a simple dichotomy. An explicit aim of peace journalism is to promote peace initiatives from whatever quarter and to allow the reader to distinguish between stated positions and real goals. Relation to war journalism Peace journalism came about through research arguing that typical conflict reporting is unethical. Research and practice in peace journalism outlines a number of reasons for the existence and dominance of war journalism in conflict news. Vested interests of war journalism Firstly, the notion that media elites always act to preserve their favored status quo, and their own commercial and political interests, is given relatively little weight. Shared characteristics of the socio-economic class, which heavily influences the production of journalism, are important. For example, their shared ideological pressures, perceptions, attitudes, and values form the basis of a "dominant reading" of facts that are selected to appear in news. These can then act to fix and naturalize meaning and hide the actual creation of meaning. However, even in the presence of powerful elite media interests against war, war journalism often dominates conflict discourse. Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick show examples from Britain, Ireland, Georgia, and Iraq, where war journalism dominated coverage despite key influential media interests against war. Journalistic objectivity Therefore, not only political and economic, but also social and cultural factors have contributed to the dominance of war journalism in conflict reporting. With the growth of mass media, especially from the 19th century, news advertising became the most important source of media revenue. Whole audiences needed to be engaged across communities and regions to maximize advertising revenue. This led to "Journalistic objectivity as an industry standard ... a set of conventions allowing the news to be presented as all things to all people". And in modern journalism, especially with the emergence of 24 hour news cycles, speed is of the essence in responding to breaking stories. It is not possible for reporters to decide "from first principals" every time how they will report each and every story that presents itself. It follows that convention governs much of journalism. The rise of journalistic objectivity was part of a larger movement within western academia toworads empirical "just report the facts" epistemology and research. By the 1980s it was focused on the philosophical ideal of objectivity. Mindich argues that journalistic objectivity should be distinguished from scientific objectivity. For example, the experimental sciences use: Inter-laboratory replication; Random assignment of subjects to conditions; Efforts to ensure that human subjects and experimenters are ignorant of the expectations (hypotheses) of the research: to avoid the observer-expectancy effect The subject-expectancy effect; Anonymous peer review, a form of peer review, to promote open and systematic exploration of meaning without subjective, political bias; Careful analysis to ensure that research subjects are adequately representative of the general population, that is not overly atypical when compared to the average population. While it is arguable whether these experimental science safe guards provide true objectivity, in the absence of these safeguards, journalism around conflict relies on three conventions to maintain its own form of objectivity (also see journalistic objectivity), and is therefore distinct from scientific objectivity. War journalism conventions Firstly, to sell audiences to advertisers, reporting must appeal to as broad an audience as possible and therefore focuses on facts that are the least controversial. Conflict processes are often controversial, so coverage of them risks alienating potential consumers, who may be sensitive to the exposure of structural or cultural predisposing factors. Secondly, a bias in favor of official sources means that, while it may appear uncontroversial, as there is only one official representative for the government on any given issue and since only the official government is usually allowed to wield legal, sanctioned force within its territory coverage will tend to privilege violent responses to conflict over non-violent, social-psychological, context-informed responses. Journalists Annabel McGoldrick and Jake Lynch argue that non-critical reporting of official sources is often rewarded by those sources. Through "information transactions", these same official sources allow uncritical journalists privileged access to information in the future. Thirdly and lastly, 'dualism' biasses journalistic objectivity towards violence: "A decision to tell a story in that [bipolar] way can slip past, unnoticed, without drawing attention to itself because of its close resemblance, in shape and structure, to so much of the story-telling we already take for granted". Gatekeeping in war journalism These conventions also form "gates" by which gatekeepers in journalism include or exclude various aspects of reality in final publication. In this way, proponents of peace journalism argue that in the media meaning occurs according to: "a set of rules and relations established before the reality or the experience under discussion actually occurred". In war journalism the objectivity conventions serve this purpose, but are shadowy and unacknowledged. Gatekeeping is therefore likely to be secretive and haphazard. It may distort, and also fix, meaning in conflict coverage and obfuscate the production of meaning. Peace journalism evaluative criteria might be applied to show how conventional conflict reporting is biased in favor of violence and violent groups. An example is the coverage leading up to the September 2009 meeting between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, and US President Barack Obama. Reporting was highly reactive and focused on the visible effects of the conflict, such as announcements and public disagreements between official spokespeople that appeared to disrupt peace efforts. Coverage was oriented to elites with little mention of non-official peace efforts by individuals and groups such as the Hand in Hand network of schools, the Israeli/Palestinian The Parents Circle Families Forum, Peace Now, Breaking the Silence, Physicians for Human Rights, Machsom Watch, and Checkpoint Watch, Hanan Ashrawi (non-violent activist for human rights, founder of the Palestinian Initiative for the Promotion of Global Dialogue and Democracy, and member of the Palestinian Legislative Council). Also ignored were programmes that promote cultural exchange, for example (the Israeli-Palestinian Aussie Rules football team The Peace Team), see here for official 2011 team details) which played in the 2008 and 2011 AFL International Cups. Another is the current programme of Palestinian children's visits to the Old Yishuv Court Museum in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem. Events demonstrating non-violent responses to the conflict were also ignored, an example being the March 12, 2011, Conference on Civil Disobedience in the West Bank marking the centenary of International Women's Day. Projects working for peace among Arabs and Israelis lists further organizations working for peace in the region, whose activities are generally excluded from news on the Conflict. Reporting leading up to the September 2009 meeting between Netanyahu, Abbas and Obama focused almost solely on highly divisive issues, such as Israeli illegal settlements in the West Bank and Jerusalem, and the diplomatic/official status of Jerusalem. Coverage was also oriented towards differences, with a focus on the here and now. Potential benefits in physical, economic, and social security of peaceful relations were ignored, and "progress" towards peace was portrayed as having to come with one or more parties compromising and surrendering their positions on key issues, which is of course a zero sum orientation. Coverage generally ignored the background or context of positions. Positions were presented as unchangeable on any peaceful settlement, rather than the public "face" of unmet needs that often drive violent conflicts. Because of distrust between parties these needs are often not honestly expressed publicly. Peace journalism argues that the objectivity conventions are likely to have important and consistent effects that distort the way audiences understand a conflict. In war journalism, violence is typically presented as only its own cause, ignoring the possibility of structural or psychological causes. Since violence is assumed to have no cause or explanation (such as the deprived needs of parties), conventional conflict reporting may leave viewers to conclude that the only "natural" or reasonable response to violence is more violence. That "more violence—'the only language they understand'—is an appropriate remedy", and that non-violent responses are irrelevant or 'unrealistic'. This focus on only physical violent behavior is an example of what leading Conflict Analyst and Peace Researcher, Johan Galtung identifies as a major flaw in responses to inter-communal conflict: the "Conservative Fallacy". This bias towards prioritizing violent actors with coverage is then expected by violent groups, through what is called a Feedback Loop. Parties to a conflict often try to use the media to advance their position, rather than being passive subjects, unaware of being observed, as assumed in sciences where humans are not the subjects. Journalist, and journalism Associate Professor, Jake Lynch notes that "it is not the influence of news on public opinion as such, but assumptions by parties to conflict about its likely or possible influence, that condition their behaviour". In this way war journalism is an example of the role of power in representation and of the media trying to fix meaning, in this case about violence and its causes, for "it to become naturalized so that is the only meaning it can possibly carry ... where you cannot see that anybody ever produced it." War journalism is understood as reporting on conflict in a way which imposes an artificially confined closed space, and closed time, with causes and exits existing only in the conflict arena. Peace journalism can then be understood as journalism that avoids this outside imposition, which more objectively assesses the possibility of conflicts taking place in open space, and open time with any number of causes and exits. Effects of war journalism The Salvadoran Civil War, largely a peasant revolution, took place 1980–1992. The USA supported the right-wing government. During the war 75,000 people were killed, 8,000 more went missing and another million exiled. On 17 March 1980, the village of Ingenio Colima was attacked by paramilitaries who murdered all its occupants. At the time, the country's media gave a biased account of what took place. The intention today – in the face of open hostility from today's political leaders is to investigate and clarify what happened and to contribute to a national process of truth and reconciliation. The emotional effects of war journalism also make it more difficult for audiences to be aware of this biased presentation of conflict. War journalism takes advantage of the emotional "high" humans can get from fear through evolutionary psychological mechanisms. In a similar way, war journalism appeals to "lower order" needs for security and belonging. The prefrontal cortex, governing working memory, rational attentive functioning, and complex thought is inhibited by activation of the brain's fear centre, the limbic system. Audiences are thus deprived of cognitive resources with which to recognize the role of fear in encouraging war journalism consumption. This cognitive deprivation also further fixes meaning and increases the role of "automatically activated attitudes" which according to cognitive psychology: "guide attention toward attitude-consistent information, provide a template with which to interpret ambiguous information, and ... guide behaviour in a relatively spontaneous fashion". Therefore viewers are primed to pay more attention to future information, which is consistent with the automatically activated attitudes formed by war journalism. Research into the ever present framing in the media supports this conclusion: "Certainly people can recall their own facts, forge linkages not made explicitly in the text, or retrieve from memory a causal explanation or cure that is completely absent from the text. In essence, this is just what professors encourage their students to do habitually. But Zaller (1992), Kahneman and Tversky (1984), and Iyengar (1991), among others, suggest that on most matters of social or political interest, people are not generally so well-informed and cognitively active, and that framing therefore heavily influences their responses to communications". Research shows that war journalism can have negative emotional impacts on audience members. These include feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness, compounded by increased anxiety, mood disturbance, sadness and a sense of disconnection with physical and social environments. Research by Galtung and Ruge (1965) finds negativity bias in foreign news. This has also been confirmed more recently by Nohrstedt and Ottosen (2008). This can affect reactions towards the conflict itself, and an audience's general psychological wellbeing, which biasses their view of the world as excessively chaotic and may cause serious anxiety and emotional difficulties, and a sense of disempowerment and disconnection. Vicarious trauma can increase these negative effects, where "even 'normal', intelligent, educated individuals can become highly suggestible towards violent acts in formerly unexpected contexts". These negative emotional states may discourage audience members from criticism and challenge of the biased information presented through war journalism. These public concerns may appear to be "someone else's problem" and best left to "experts", who alone have the necessary knowledge, time, and emotional endurance. These negative emotional responses may also discourage creative engagement with the conflict and conflict parties. This is especially troubling considering the critical role of creativity in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Feedback loop Peace journalism analysis suggests that typical news on conflict, with its value bias towards violence and violent groups, has important effects on the parties to conflict. Firstly, peace journalism proponents argue that the bias in favour of publicity for violence and violent actors, "plays into" the interests of violent actors to intimidate and disrupt the peace process. This is an example of a positive feedback loop between war and war journalism: "it is not the influence of news on public opinion as such, but assumptions by parties to conflict about its likely or possible influence, that condition their behaviour". This bias also weakens and punishes, with less publicity, non-violent groups affected by a conflict, for their lack of violence. Nohrstedt and Ottosen (2002) note: "if traditional media themselves are unable to transmit alternative perspectives and voice the danger is that those ... that feel marginalised will turn to terror in order to make a difference in the media agenda". The most visible actions of a group, of which one is not a member, are often considered representative of that group's behaviour (an effect called the "availability heuristic"). Therefore war journalism's over-selection of violent, as opposed to non-violent, responses to conflict may actually foster a misperception of excessive threat between parties. This is then generally exaggerated by other inter-group social-cognitive biases within war journalism. These include biases towards: seeing an outgroup as more homogeneous (with less internal variety) than it really is, ignoring the variety of attitudes towards the conflict; seeing ambiguous situations, or negative group behavior, as playing out internal, and stable, group characteristics rather than external, and variable, circumstances, favourable ingroup/outgroup comparison to increase collective self esteem; and members of groups who perceive themselves to be under threat to be more pressured internally to conform with and reinforce dominant group norms; premature and immediate resistance to ideas on positive responses to violence offered by members of outgroups. Louis Kriesberg, a sociologist at Syracuse University, and expert on conflict resolution points out that: "conventional thinking among partisans in a fight generally attributes destructive persistence in a conflict to the enemy's character, asserting that the enemy is aggressive by nature, has evil leaders, or adheres to a hostile ideology". And Professor of World Religions, Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution, Marc Gopin, agrees with the importance of psychological factors in escalating conflict: "being hated normally generates deep injury and corresponding anger in most recipients is what I call a "conflict dance" of action/reaction". A peace journalism perspective also highlights another effect of typical conflict journalism on the groups engaged in a conflict: war journalism's common focus on the human drama and tragedy of violence. Hamber and Lewis (1997) note war journalism "often involves painting doomsday scenarios of victims who are irreparably damaged and for whom there appears to be no solution and no future". This creates an increased impediment for the victims of unreported crimes. And the positive experiences of those who have embarked upon a process of recovery is often ignored in war journalism. For example in Israel/Palestine, victims of suicide bombing, house demolition, land and house theft, are often portrayed as defenceless, disempowered victims with no prospect of healing or positive response to their predicament. Effective non-violent bridge building between communities such as the Hand in Hand Arab/Jewish school network in Israel, are routinely ignored in war journalism coverage. Non-violent initiatives illustrate what can be possible through peaceful responses to conflict but this information is artificially "filtered out" through the coverage biases of war journalism. Parties are therefore presented with a biassed picture of the entire conflict, favouring violent responses to the conflict. Parties are led to believe that that violence is the only way their needs can be met, thereby reinforcing and escalating cycles of dangerous retaliation between groups. Peace journalism would also charge that this pattern of conventional conflict reporting submerges the emotional cost of violent conflict and therefore makes the psychological aspects of cycles of revenge subtle, and so more difficult to prevent. All of this missed information could represent a crucial movement away from violence, as the only option for threatened groups towards peace. But only if they are not hidden by journalistic assumptions that they are irrelevant, and should not be reported. This is of special concern, given that the collective trauma suffered by a population, and the fear that this generates, can lead to a reduced capacity for decision making and action. Peace journalism as a response to war journalism In response to war journalism's value bias in favour of violence, peace journalism promises two key benefits: for those concerned with objectivity in journalism, it aims to avoid and counteract the persistent bias of valuing violence and violent parties. Secondly, as all journalism must in some way appeal to the values of their audiences, for those who value the promotion of peace and social justice over violence, it provides a practical methodology. The 'fixation of meaning' in war journalism is often hidden by the "scattered opposition facts" that often occur in its coverage. However these do not actually allow for "challenging a dominant frame" of pro-violence: 'Framing' researcher Entman recommends: "If educated to understand the difference between including scattered oppositional facts, and challenging a dominant frame, journalists might be better equipped to construct news that makes equally salient—equally accessible to the average, inattentive, and marginally informed audience—two or more interpretations of problems." Decisions Peace journalism is anchored in conflict analysis and peace research "to map out solid ground beneath our feet; to declare, in advance, that we intend to use it, to assign meanings and draw distinctions." Decisions, on which of the almost infinite stories and facts to report, can be made openly and systematically. Lynch (2008) shows how these two disciplines are important anchors for conflict journalism in that they employ the academic rigor of the social sciences including: "openness about – and prepared to justify – starting assumptions for both observation and interpretation; and peer review. Built into social science, moreover, is an allowance for the participant-observer effect – as soon as you start to observe something, you cannot avoid changing it." As such peace journalism considers the effect it has on audiences and parties with regard to its own objectivity. Lynch and Galtung (2010) elaborate on how this operates in conflict journalism: "'It is an important distinction in this context because journalism itself may be part of the extended pattern of conflictual relationships, in which parties and their shared relations find themselves embedded – if only by bringing an audience to the ringside. Tillett comments: "In some situations, individuals (or groups) will 'fight to the death' (even when obviously losing all that they claim to be seeking) to avoid being seen to 'back down' or 'lose face'" (1999, p. 29). In a conflict, he continues, "the presence of an audience generally makes it more likely that the protagonists will want to be seen to win, and that they will be less prepared to resolve than to fight". Schattschneider argues that spectators are "an integral part of the situation for, as likely as not, the audience determines the outcome of the fight" (1960, p. 2)." Inter-group violence Conflict analysis provides guidance on mapping the hopes, needs, and fears of all parties to a conflict, including outwardly impartial third parties; and acknowledges the potential role of creativity, rather than assuming as war journalism does, that the positions of elites, power gradients and the struggle for power are the most important determinants of a conflict. These can then be assessed empirically in the conflict, and its potential resolution, rather than being ignored from the outset by journalists, as often is the case in war journalism. Therefore the importance in peace journalism of being willing to consider conflict as "open in space and time, with causes and exits anywhere". Lynch and Galtung (2010) present an important example of this in the case of North and South Korea, indicating that journalists should not ignore the grassroots people that endure this conflict, and that comparisons and input from the reunified Germany may be helpful, as could consideration and dialogue with East Asia. The aim here is not to impose definite answers. Conflict Analysis and Peace Research often elicit useful perspectives from those involved in the conflict. Empirical questions can then be put forward, and tested by investigative journalism. These processes demonstrate that conflict is not static and intractable. These insights challenge the psychological tendencies of war journalism noted above to present negative outgroup behaviour as the result of stable group characteristics. Indeed the non-linear cycle of violence outlined by Elworthy and Rogers (2002), proposes that the key stage to prevent a cycle of revenge, is before the anger becomes bitterness. And peace journalism can allow for the consideration that "bitterness can be thought of as anger + memory ... storing away trauma in a 'trauma bank' and, eventually, withdrawing it as 'glory' through further violence". Through reporting, which does not routinely ignore causes and non-linear cycles of violence, peace journalism can help expand the cognitive and emotional space for peace initiatives that contribute peacebuilding. A positive feedback loop between the media and peace processes could then support the creation and continuation of peaceful process-structures . This would involve demonstrating a pattern of coverage that leads present and potential peace actors to predict that their efforts will be reported by journalists to "create opportunities for society at large to consider and value non-violent responses to conflict". This in turn could reduce negative inter-group social-psychological tendencies. This may be particularly important for projects such as the examples in Israel/Palestine of the 'Hand in Hand' network of schools, 'Peace Now', 'Breaking the Silence', 'Physicians for Human Rights', 'Machsom Watch' and 'Checkpoint Watch', which as mainly grassroots initiatives, are generally more fragile than mid level or upper level peace activities. Examples As a pedagogical practice, peace journalism training often uses pairs of war journalism and peace journalism reports to illustrate how the same story can be reported in either style, and that there is the potential to produce peace journalism within the time and travel constraints of mainstream journalism. For a peace journalism/war journalism pair on conflict in the Philippines see Peace Journalism in the Philippines. The transcripts of this report pair, along with an outline of a course in peace journalism can be viewed at A course in peace journalism. For a pair of reports covering Israel/Palestine plus a link to practical tips for avoiding journalism that is biased towards violence and violent actors, see The Middle East—War Journalism and Peace Journalism The documentary News from the Holy Land also contains another pair of reports on the Israel/Palestine conflict. The free Reporting the World publication contains pairs of peace journalism/war journalism news reports on Macedonia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, and Indonesia. The Cairo based Center for Intercultural Dialogue and Translation (CIDT) seeks to build bridges of understanding between the Arab and Western world through analysis of the news from these regions. To Be an Effective Advocate for Peace, Media Distortions Must Be Addressed analyses situations where conflict reporting has contributed to the actual worsening of conflict. An example from the Hindustan Times, showing how peace journalism can also operate through awards and commendations publicising and supporting the work of non-violence and cooperative conflict resolution: Afghan, Palestinian win UN award in honour of Gandhi. Peace journalism can also take the form of the public dissemination of research on the successful conditions for non-violent conflict resolution and negotiation such as: Unequal Partners Can't Negotiate by Paul Duffill, writing for New Matilda. For an example in Australia see this report on the protests of the 2009 US and Australian military exercises, Talisman Sabre. TED talk by Julia Bacha on the danger of news about conflict only covering violent actors, excluding non-violent programmes Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence. Budrus documentary film, telling the true story of the successful non-violent struggle of the people of the village Bubrus in the West Bank of Palestine. Arab revolutions and the power of nonviolent action by Stephen Zunes, writing for the National Catholic Reporter. Anne Applebaum argues in this piece for the Washington Post that though it is tempting to lump all the recent revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa into a single "Arab revolution," or "Arab Spring" the differences between them may turn out to be more important than their similarities: In the Arab world, it's 1848 - not 1989. This report from Michelle Shephard Somalia's Al Qaeda: A chance for Shabab to negotiate? is an example of a partial PJ piece, where some elements of PJ are present. The piece does not assume there are only two parties, and does not assume parties' goals exactly match reported positions, and explores contradictory goals within a single official party. It also reports on peaceful responses to conflict. This report however is generally closed in space and time: with little exploration of the reasons behind the conflict between warring groups (including considering the conduct of the weak national government), or whether parties other than Al Queda/Al Shabab have used violence, and assumes that causes and sources of solutions are restricted to within Somalia itself. The report also does not explore non-elite efforts at peace, even though Somalis rally against al-Qaeda allies suggests that there is local support for peace efforts. Positive feedback loops are a useful reference point here for conceptualising the various entry points for peace journalism in the wider phenomenology of news. Peace journalism has been applied in training and dialogue with journalists in a variety of settings. However peace journalism has also been applied in a number of other sectors. These interventions are extremely varied and, in addition to the examples noted above, include international NGO work with local partners and networks in areas of conflict, the promotion of communication rights, participatory processes, community-based communication approaches for development, and social change and peacebuilding (for example see Current Projects-Communication for Social Change & World Association for Christian Communication programmes and further reading sections below) and work with organisations who may themselves become sources for peace journalism. Government and inter-governmental approaches have also facilitated peace journalism in preventing media manipulation and promoting people centered media in post-conflict societies and through the United Nations. Likewise upper level editors and media organisation managers have participated in peace journalism workshops and seminars. Criticism Peace journalism has aroused a number of debates and criticisms from scholars and journalists. Objectivity Some opponents characterise peace journalism as "activist" new writing that, while being socially engaged to promote peace, is unlike mainstream objective, or balanced, news coverage that seeks to remain impartial or above the fray. This raises the important question: how objective and impartial is peace journalism? From a peace journalism perspective the claim "we just report the facts" must include the facts of how and according to what principles these facts came to meet the reporter, and how the finished coverage came to meet the facts. The Press Institute of India's conflict reporting guidelines point out: "Factual accuracy in a single story is no substitute for the total truth. A single story, which is factually accurate can nonetheless be misleading". As such peace journalism is generally more objective, with its inclusion of implications for international law, positive developments in both elite peacemaking and capacity building, and non-elite perspectives and peacebuilding initiatives. This objectivity, unconstrained by Objectivity Conventions, highlights the truth-orientation of peace journalism: to "expose untruths on all sides". In doing so peace journalism aims to de-naturalise meaning by highlighting the creation of war journalism dominated meaning in conflict. Indeed Hall (1997) recommends that the unfixing of meaning: "is often a struggle to increase the diversity of things which subjects can be of the possibility of identities which people have not seen represented before ... you have to intervene in exactly that powerful exchange between image and its psychic meaning ... with which we invest images [and] expose and deconstruct the work of representation which the stereotype is doing". Many international negotiation experts and peace practitioners state that non-violent confrontation and the equalisation of power is needed before effective negotiation and dialogue between parties can take place. Through reporting on grassroots and local voices for peace, the power of these voices is increased, as they become "reality checkers" for often contradictory statements from elite representatives involved in violence. Through this non-violent "ideational confrontation", audiences and parties to conflict may be more able to negotiate their own meaning, outside of fixed elite narratives. Thus "mounting anomalies may expose contradictions, and herald a paradigm shift" as local pro-peace perspectives previously consigned to a zone of "deviance" become "legitimate controversy". Prior to the presidential election of 2009 in Afghanistan, the counter-insurgency approach advocated by US commander General McCrystal contained elements of relationship building to a degree that is unusual among military approaches in Afghanistan. In the lead up to the Presidential election in Afghanistan in mid 2009, an unusual example of this relationship-sensitive approach to counter-insurgency was applied by US troops in the Nawa district, of Helmand province. However, the overwhelming majority of attention that Nawa district received in 2009, the year that this new strategy was first applied, was on reports of violence there, principally in early-to-mid July, during intensified military operations. For example in 2009, seven out of ten articles in the 'Washington Post online', tagged under the key word "Nawa", focussed almost exclusively on violence and US combat operations in the region, with similar ratios appearing in online coverage from the Guardian, the Independent, and the New York Times. In fact, relationship building has succeeded, in contrast to violent methods, in winning "hearts and minds" in Nawa, Afghanistan, but also on a larger scale in Iraq. The US military's promotion of these methods as successful may of course be a less than "objective" evaluation. However the military's promotion of relationship building as a legitimate tactic to attempt in addressing violence does contribute to the normative strength of non-violence responses to conflict. In acknowledging the importance of (at least being seen to) build cooperative relationships with local populations (over simply violently suppressing disagreement to military policy) the legitimacy of these non-violent responses to violence conflict is reinforced. And indeed researchers also note the importance of relationship building for 'vertical and horizontal integration' in peacebuilding to support the sustainability of institutional reform and in promoting 'peace with justice' and respect for human rights. Peace journalism aims to retain the role of observer in reporting conflict, rather than functioning like war journalism, which intervenes in conflict to increase the influence of violent actors and violent actions. Peace journalism, by presenting local perspectives which contradict violence-exacerbating war journalism, may help to expose these violent groups' attempts to fix and naturalise meaning and to take advantage of this meaning to promote their violence. Exploration of new types of relationships between Afghan locals and the international community contradicts assertions made at the time, with the support of war journalism, by insurgents and the US government, that the negative effects of foreign occupation could only be ended with their violent expulsion, or that 40,000 more combat troops were the most critical component for sustainable peace in Afghanistan. Explaining violence seen as justification of violence This criticism can be represented by neo-conservative proponent Richard Perle, that one must "decontextualise terror ... any attempt to discuss the roots of terrorism is an attempt to justify it. It simply needs to be fought and destroyed". While this may be a common response to journalism which advocates context, it is also an example of many of the social-cognitive inter-group biases noted above, and exemplifies what social psychologist Phillip Zimbardo (of the Stanford Prison Experiments) calls a Fundamental Attribution Error: "the tendency to explain observed behaviour by reference to dispositions, while ignoring or minimizing the impact of situational variables". The notion of human needs driving violence and being significantly effected by violence (borrowed from Conflict Analysis and Peace Research) and insight into the stratified nature of reality (borrowed from Critical Realism), highlights why an explanation of violence is not the same thing as a justification for it. Critical realism in the social sciences claims that reality consists of a number of levels or strata. Each stratum deals with larger and more complex phenomena than the ones below it. These strata might begin from physical mechanisms at the most basic level, followed by chemical mechanisms, then biological, followed by psychological and finally social structures. Activity at each lower stratum contributes to, but can never fully describe, the new mechanisms that develop in higher strata, in a process called emergence. For example, competing theories of sub-atomic structure at the physical level influence but cannot fully explain the outcome of the reaction 2Na+2HCl = 2NaCl + H2 (at the chemical level). Likewise, the individual psychologies of a landlord and tenant cannot fully explain their relationship in the social stratum, which is also influenced by other processes that operate at the social stratum, including laws and culture. Structural and cultural explanations for violence generally deal with the social stratum: that is relationships between people and groups. An explanation of this violence is not the same as ignoring the role of individual choice and psychology: the violence that emerges at the social level is the result of a complex interaction of influences from lower strata (individual choices and psychology) and structures which exist primarily at the social stratum (such as laws and culture). So to give cultural or structural explanations of violence is not the same as saying that these social influences override the role the individual choice (which is located in a lower stratum and therefore occurs under different conditions). Take the case where an individual's anger (brought on from previous trauma) becomes bitterness, which is followed by their own violent acts, following Elworthy and Rogers (2002) cycle of violence noted above. An individual has still made a choice to deprive the victim of their violence of their human needs (probably safety and security) even though their own human needs have also been violated earlier. The point is not that they must be seen as either a innocent victim or an evil perpetrator. The practical point is the prevention of violence, and the healing of all those whose needs have been violated. This approach does not assume that the best solution for stopping individual violence necessarily exists at the level where an individual makes a choice to act violently (which happens at the psychological level). In some cases punishment or imprisonment may be necessary. However Conflict Analysis and Peace Research suggest that, given the failure of the psychological, medical and social sciences (including education) to eliminate the persistent rates of psychotic tendencies in human groups (psychologists estimate that on average 3 percent of any population have psychotic tendencies), a more promising approach may to look at what social, economic, cultural conditions and what inter-group relations enable individuals such as Hitler, Osama Bin Laden, Stalin and Pol Pot, to realise their desire for mass violence. Conflict analysis and peace research does not primarily focus on understanding the individual psychology of these individuals (at the psychological stratum), but on how these individuals may be prevented from taking up a position in society where they are able to direct inter-communal violence (at the social stratum). Indeed in peace journalism the role of individual agency is given a lot of importance. For example journalists are encouraged, in peace journalism workshops, to work peace journalism into the existing media structures. And peace journalism urges journalists to investigate the possibility that, even in violent situations, there are always voices for peace, and to search these voices out, when reporting what the Objectivity Conventions might ignore from the outset. Likewise the role of individual choice is not ignored in Conflict Analysis and Peace Research, and leading scholar-practitioner, John Paul Lederach notes that: "I have not experienced any situation in conflict, no matter how protracted or severe, from Central America to the Philippines to the Horn of Africa, where there have not been people who had a vision for peace, emerging often from their own experience of pain. Far too often, however, these same people people are overlooked and disempowered either because they do not represent 'official' power, whether on the side of government [or] of the various militias, or because they are written off as biased and too personally affected by the conflict". Structure versus agency Hanitzsche (2007) argues that "the failures of corporate journalism cannot be overcome by an individualistic and voluntaristic conceptualization of news making. To have any impact on the ways news is being made, and the critical discussion thereof, the advocates of peace journalism must address the structural constraints of news production ... a peaceful culture is the precondition of peace journalism." Structure is a key concern in peace journalism, along with the influence of structure on content pluralism in news. And a number of projects that apply peace journalism (some of which are outlined above) demonstrate that peace journalism activism is not limited to journalists themselves. Indeed, conflict media content analyses are important educational resources for audiences, NGOs and journalists, to show how deficiencies in content can be used to campaign for more structural pluralism. These varied approaches demonstrate that inroads have been, and are still being made, in peace journalism activism in the areas Hackett (2006) identifies as necessary to address challenges of structure and to "make peace journalism possible": reforming journalism from within, and also creating alternative media organisations, and intervening in the broader fields in which journalism find itself. Audiences Hanitszche (2007) criticises peace journalism, noting that media users are often "fragmented and active audiences instead of a passive mass ... leading to a selective use of supplied products". Likewise Devereux (2003) notes that media audiences "may have different expectations of media genres" and Turnbull (2002) argues that in media research a serious problem is just to limit and define audiences and therefore relevant media practices. Indeed Hall (1997) notes that the meaning of media messages changes "as you move from one person to another, one group to another, one part of society to another." And Lynch (2008) points out, drawing from Hall (1980) that "the meanings of media messages are made, at least partly, at the point of reception, in a process influenced chiefly by the socio-economic position of the reader or viewer." As such Hall (1980) notes that in a negotiated or oppositional manner, meaning often: "contains a mixture of adaptive and oppositional elements: it acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations (abstract), while, at a more restricted, situational (situated) level, it makes its own ground rules - it operates with exceptions to the rule. It accords the privileged position to the dominant definitions of events while reserving the right to make a more negotiated application to 'local conditions'".And indeed for many peace journalists it is the visibility of 'local conditions' that allows for oppositional and negotiated meaning. Lynch (2008)argues that "for audiences to produce oppositional or negotiated readings of media messages assumes they have enough directly relevant personal and social experience against which to measure them", This is often not the case with international conflict. Indeed Hall's(1980) own example of the negotiation of meaning is the case of an industrial factory worker, willing to challenge official justifications in the media for an Industrial Relations Bill limiting his or her right to strike. Peace journalism analysis shows that the facts absent in audiences' understanding of conflict, can closely mirror those neglected in war journalism. A notable example is Philo and colleagues' research into media coverage of the Israel/Palestine conflict in the UK media. With mainstream media neglecting the Palestinian narrative that Palestinian refugees lost their land and homes when Israel was established, audiences exhibited consistent ignorance about the basic facts of the conflict (for example where the bulk of refugees came from) and tended to perceive Palestinians as "starting the violence" and therefore Israeli authorities as forced to "respond" violently to prevent or contain this action, which has no possible rationale and therefore no potential non-violent resolution. Indeed five years earlier, when reporting results of the study, Philo (2004) noted that: "This pattern of reporting clearly influenced how some viewers understood the conflict ... The gaps in public knowledge closely parallel those in the news. The Palestinian perspective, that they have lost their land and are living under occupation, was effectively absent. It is perhaps not surprising that some viewers believed that they were simply being aggressive and trying to take land from the Israelis". This omission of the Palestinian perspective was so serious that Helen Boaden, Head of News at the BBC, concluded in an internal email: "we fail to give enough context and history to this highly charged story and that we neglect the Palestinian narrative ... In our response, we've tried to come up with practical ways to remedy our weaknesses". The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has also been the focus of research by Yifat Mor and colleagues, who examined how social media (namely Facebook) can be a tool to promote dialogue between both parties. This is an important illustration of the consistent effect of war journalism across general audiences: "the pattern of misunderstanding almost exactly matching ... missing elements from the story habitually presented in the mainstream media". General media audiences as a group are conceptualised within the Feedback Loop of cause and effect. Approaches Two peace practitioner scholars, John Paul Lederach and Johan Galtung present two quite different models for conflict resolution and peace building. Lederach (1995) presents an "Elictive Model" which is aims "primarily at discovery, creation, and solidification of models that emerge from the resources present in a particular setting and respond to needs in that context" and to not impose third party knowledge from trainer to participant. This approach was applied in a dialogue in 2003 entitled "Reporting the[sic?] Iraq: what went right? What went wrong?". Included were Heads of News from the BBC and CNN, the editor of the Guardian, and several senior reporters who had also been reporting the war from Iraq. Drawing on "the resources in the room" recommendations for the coverage of conflict included: Do not report a 'line' from an official source without obtaining and citing independent evidence as to its reliability. Acknowledge that the important job of testing arguments is best done if they are juxtaposed with, and weighed against, alternative, countervailing arguments. All newsrooms genuinely interested in offering a service to the public must think long and hard about 'conduit' journalism and, in particular, whether their political correspondents are being used in this way. Galtung's TRANSCEND approach in contrast, focuses on the role a third party to "unstick" violent conflicts and stimulate creativity. This is done by probing deeply into the nature of parties' goals, expanding the spectrum of acceptable solutions, and opening up cognitive space for fresh potentialities not conceived of by conflict parties. "In one-on-one conversation-style dialogues, the task is to stimulate creativity, develop new perspectives, and make the conflict parties 'ready for the table'". Lynch (2008) recounts a notable example of this approach during a peace journalism forum of Middle Eastern journalists, in Amman, in 1999. Discussions often devolved into national groups blaming the journalists of the other countries for not confronting their governments' lack of movement towards peace. Galtung himself challenged the participants to: "imagine a future Middle East they wanted to see, and start to think aloud, in cross-national groups, about how they might play a part in bringing it about". A Galtungian perspective, as a foundation for much of peace journalism, insists that "the journalist focus on root causes of conflict such as poverty or prior abuse, and not merely focus on events associated with violent political encounters". Through this approach peace journalism could act to "disembed" seemingly immutable official positions from the greater context of a conflict by exploring background to a conflict, challenging propaganda, and making visible official and local initiatives for peaceful conflict resolution. These two approaches differ not only in the "how" of Conflict Resolution but the "who". Lederach generally outlines a "middling out" approach where "the level with the greatest potential for establishing an infrastructure that can sustain the peacebuilding process over the long term appears to be the middle range". He argues that grassroots approaches are generally the more fragile since their participants are often concerned with day to day issues of survival. Upper level approaches assume a high level of integration between elites and grassroots: that peace agreements reached there "are relevant to and capable of practical implementation at the local level" Galtung on the other hand argues that upper level leaders often actually feel excluded from facilitated peace processes, with the modern focus on grassroots and civil society initiatives. The root of conflict is incompatible goals, pursued by parties which result in violent attitudes and behavior. It follows that "people are more able to discuss a root problem when they sense a solution somewhere. A glimmer of light at the end of a tunnel makes it considerably more easy[sic] to admit that we are in a tunnel". In Galtung's work, the most accessible way to influence these goals had been to work with those who officially defined them and led policy—the upper level leaders. The importance of accurate and complete Conflict Analysis for a given conflict highlights how these two approaches can be complementary. Practical Conflict Analysis is often aimed at identifying the easiest "peace levers" to pull, within a conflict to "unstick" violent inter-group relations. This contrasts with intervening in a conflict with pre-set ideas of how a resolution will be found, and with which specific level or group to begin working. Therefore Conflict Analysis may indicate which "entry points" offer the most promising chance to transform the relations between parties. And from this it will follow which approach, or combination of approaches, are likely to work from that entry point (whether it be at the grassroots, mid level or upper level or a combination). This integrative approach is summed up by peace practitioner and researcher Wendy Lambourne: "to rely on only one theoretical approach in peace practice risks being culturally blind". Similar approaches Sometimes also called conflict solution journalism, conflict sensitive journalism, and constructive conflict coverage. A similar approach is also found in preventive journalism, which extends the principles to social, economic, environmental or institutional problems. Peace journalism is one of several approaches and movements in journalism history, including advocacy journalism, development communication journalism, the new journalism, and public or civic journalism, which reject the universal or hegemonic claims to neutrality of professional journalism in the developed West. See also Alfred Hermann Friedthe first explicit peace journalist Antimilitarism Anti-war movement Conflict analysis Conflict resolution Conscientious objector Draft evasion Freedom of the press Journalistic interventionism Make love, not war Nonkilling Non-violence Nonviolent resistance Objectivity (journalism) Peace and conflict studies Swords to ploughshares War resister References External links Activism by type Alternative journalism journalism journalism Propaganda techniques
福爾圖娜（葡萄牙语：）是巴西马拉尼昂州的一个市镇。总面积694.981平方公里，总人口14302人，人口密度20.6人/平方公里。参见马拉尼昂州市镇列表参考马拉尼昂州市镇
哈得逊（），是美国科罗拉多州韦尔德县下属的一座城市。建市于1914年4月2日，面积大约为4.744平方英里（12.288平方公里）。根据2010年美国人口普查，该市有人口2,356人。2011年估计该市有人口2,389人，相比2010年人口增长率为1.40%。同时，论人口该市是科罗拉多州第103大城市。参考资料科罗拉多州城市
何塞·曼努埃尔·阿瓦斯卡尔（，），西班牙男子田径运动员。他曾代表西班牙参加1980年和1984年夏季奥林匹克运动会田径比赛，其中1984年奥运会获得一枚铜牌。参考资料西班牙中跑运动员西班牙男子田径运动员西班牙奥运田径运动员 1980年夏季奥林匹克运动会田径运动员 1984年夏季奧林匹克運動會田徑運動員 1984年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主奥林匹克运动会田径铜牌得主西班牙奧林匹克運動會銅牌得主 1983年地中海运动会田径运动员歐洲田徑錦標賽獎牌得主西班牙地中海运动会铜牌得主地中海运动会田径奖牌得主世界室内田径锦标赛奖牌得主
G级和H级驱逐舰是1935年-1939年间24艘英国皇家海军建造的驱逐舰(两条转给皇家加拿大海军一条转给波兰) 16条在二战当中损失。还有一条在建造中完全损失。还有一些其他的是为阿根廷海军巴西海军和希腊海军建造。 G及H級驅逐艦英國驅逐艦波兰海军阿根廷海军巴西海军希腊海军加拿大軍艦驅逐艦舰级
Saluda is an unincorporated community in Saluda Township, Jefferson County, Indiana. History Saluda took its name from Saluda Township. A post office was established at Saluda in 1828, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1903. Geography Saluda is located at . References Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Indiana Unincorporated communities in Indiana
Meche Barba (born Mercedes Barba Feito; September 24, 1922 – January 14, 2000) was a Mexican film actress and dancer of the Golden age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. She was considered one of the icons of the "Rumberas film". Early life Mercedes Barba Feito was born in New York City. She was born to Antonio Barba, a Spanish circus actor and a Mexican mother, Victoria Feito. The Barba family decided to go to Mexico to register her a citizen a few weeks after Meche's birth. She began her career in Mexico City's tent theaters at the age of six. Due to her father's illness, she started working at a young age, alongside her sister Carmen Barba, who by her beauty, was hired by entrepreneurs of the most famous tent theaters for various events. Career Meche Barba began learning dance when the famous Mexican comedian Roberto "El Panzón" Soto gave her sister the opportunity to work in his stage company, and parents allowed Merche to accompany her sister to work there. Her parents enrolled her at the dance school of the Russian ballerina Nina Shestakova. Meche Barba both gained experience in tent theatres and took lessons from stars like Cantinflas, Manuel Medel, Joaquín Pardavé and several others. Later, Barba joined the Stage Company of Paco Miller, with artists like Amelia Wilhelmy and Germán Valdés, a.k.a. "Tin Tan". After the success that she had in the company of Paco Miller, Meche Barba was hired as the second soprano in the musical show Rayando el sol in the Palacio de Bellas Artes. She also worked in theaters such as The Lírico, the Follies Berger and in Virginia Fábregas' theatre productions. In one of her theatre presentations, producer Raúl de Anda saw her and hired her to act in the film Sota, caballo y rey (1944), which was Luis Aguilar's first starring role. In 1945 she began her participation in the Rumberas film Rosalinda, with the famous rumba dancer María Antonieta Pons. In 1946, Barba starred in the successful film Humo en los ojos. In 1947, she participated in the film Gran Casino, Luis Buñuel's first film in Mexico, together with Jorge Negrete and Libertad Lamarque. In the same year, she appeared with "Tin Tan" in the film Músico, poeta y loco. In 1948, she starred in Lola Casanova, the first film of the filmmaker Matilde Landeta. In 1949, in the film Venus de fuego, she began a series of collaborations with major film actor and singer Fernando Fernández. Together, they would act in a total of ten films, including Amor de la calle (1949), Una mujer con pasado (1949), Amor vendido (1950), Pasionaria (1951), When Children Sin (1952) and Ambiciosa (1953). In other films, she co-starred with such actors as Manolo Fabregas (Dancing: salón de baile), Carlos López Moctezuma (La mujer desnuda), Silvia Pinal (El pecado de Laura), Sara Garcia (Eterna agonía) and Jorge Mistral (La muerte es mi pareja), among others. Following her participation in the film As negro in 1954, Barba retired from filmmaking, and remained away for several decades. She returned to film in 1992 with Los años de Greta, for which she received her first Silver Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1984, telenovelas writer Carlos Romero convinced her to return to television. She participated in the 1980s and 1990s in several telenovelas, most notably María Mercedes (1992) and María la del barrio (1995), with the Mexican actress and singer Thalía. Personal life and death In the film sets, Meche Barba met the famous Mexican actor and singer Fernando Fernández, known as The Mexican Crooner. They had a love affair that brought conflict between Fernandez and his wife, the singer Lupita Palomera. From her relationship with Fernandez, Barba had her only son, Fernando Fernández Barba. Meche Barba died in Mexico City on January 14, 2000, following a heart attack. Filmography Ave sin Rumbo (1937) Sota, Caballo y Rey (1944) Rancho de mis recuerdos (1945) El hijo de nadie (1944) Madman and Vagabond (1946) Rosalinda (1946) Felipe fue desgraciado (1946) Humo en los ojos (1946) Gran Casino (1947) Musico, poeta y loco (1947) Cortesana (1948) Lazos de fuego (1948) Lola Casanova (1949) Negra Consentida (1949) El pecado de Laura (1949) Venus de fuego (1949) Eterna agonía (1949) Cuando el alba llegue (1949) Una mujer con pasado (1950) Casa de vecindad (1950) Amor de la calle (1950) If I Were Just Anyone (1950) Love for Sale (1951) Cuando tu me quieras (1951) Acá las tortas (1951) Passionflower (1951) Dancing: salón de baile (1951) La muerte es mi pareja (1951) Yo fuí una callejera (1950) When Children Sin (1952) Mi papá tuvo la culpa (1952) La mujer desnuda (1953) I Want to Live (1953) Reportaje (1953) Ambiciosa (1953) (1953) As negro (1954) Amor y venganza (1991) Los Años de Greta (1992) TV Principessa (1984) La pobre Señorita Limantour (1986) Quinceañera (1987) Rosa salvaje (1987) Balada por un amor (1990) María Mercedes (1992) Sueño de amor (1993) Valentina (1993) Marimar (1994) María la del Barrio (1995) La Usurpadora (1998) Rosalinda (1999) References Bibliography Las Rumberas del Cine Mexicano (The Rumberas of the Mexican Cinema) (1999). In SOMOS. México: Editorial Televisa, S. A. de C. V. External links Meche Barba at the Cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM LA RUMBERA MEXICANA... MECHE BARBA 1922 births 2000 deaths Mexican telenovela actresses Mexican television actresses Mexican film actresses 20th-century Mexican actresses Mexican vedettes Ariel Award winners American emigrants to Mexico Mexican people of Spanish descent Actresses from New York (state) 20th-century American actresses Golden Age of Mexican cinema
2019年南澳洲羽毛球國際賽為第2屆南澳洲羽毛球國際賽，是2019年世界羽联国际挑战赛的其中一站。本屆賽事於2019年9月12日至9月15日在澳洲南澳大利亚州首府阿得雷德內的Titanium Security Arena舉行，總獎金為2.5萬美元。優勝者賽事賽果男子單打準決賽及決賽女子單打準決賽及決賽男子雙打準決賽及決賽女子雙打準決賽及決賽混合雙打準決賽及決賽參考資料外部連結 AUS 南澳洲羽毛球國際賽 2019年澳洲體育
羊羹也可以叫做羊羹果凍（）是一種和菓子，一般以紅豆為材料，其後亦發展至有栗子、番薯甚至是綠茶口味的不同款式。羊羹除了傳統的甜味之外，也另有一些咸味的羊羹。羊羹在日本非常著名，為一般日本人品茶時常備的甜點之一，亦於日治時期傳入台灣。羊羹依據寒天的用量，可以分成「煉羊羹」與「水羊羹」。由於煉羊羹的糖度很高，在真空包裝下妥善保存的話，大多可以在常溫下保存超過一年以上。因為以上特點，羊羹也被當作緊急時的非常食糧。水羊羹是以最大含水量、最低限度凝固力，以低溫維持羊羹成形。由於古代沒有冰箱，缺乏低溫凝固的條件。所以，在古代只有冬天才有水羊羹。歷史羊羹源自中國，其後再傳入日本而成為當地的傳統點心。相傳，初期羊羹的確是一種加入羊肉煮成的羹，再因其胶质而后冷卻成凍，用于佐餐，或者携帶，作为行旅的乾糧。後来羊羹傳至日本。在鎌倉時代至室町時代佛教的禪宗傳入日本，由於明治維新之前，多數日本佛教僧侶為素食，清規戒律不許食葷，故羊羹亦慢慢演化成為一種以豆類製成的果凍形食品。此後，羊羹成為了茶道的其中一種著名茶點，而日本人亦慢慢將羊羹發展和轉化，變成今天多款不同口味的羊羹。不過，亦另有傳說指出，羊羹原是中國的一種仿照羊的肝臟形狀制成的食品。傳至日本後，由於「肝」與「羹」兩字讀音相近，被混淆，久而久之就被稱之為羊羹，直至今天。初期的羊羹製法主要以小豆加上小麥粉混和，再加以蒸煮而成。製作方法如另一種米的粉末加入砂糖、小麥澱粉蒸煮製成的和菓子相若。天正17年（1589年），和歌山的駿河店店主岡本善右衛門將原有的羊羹作改良，在餡料中加入寒天（一種洋菜，由於含有瓊脂，煮後會凝固成果凍狀）製成煉羊羹，並用竹竿將羊羹的形狀鞏固成方形。此後，羊羹就成了現時長方形的形狀。羊羹主要依據寒天的用量分成「煉羊羹」及「水羊羹」兩種種類。江户时代是煉羊羹最盛行的時期，其中以江戶本鄉的藤村羊羹最為著名，而與此同時四周亦開滿了林林總總以製作羊羹為主的知名店鋪。現時，日本除了傳統的羊羹外，亦開發了不少不同口味的品種。除了成為日本人日常的茶點外，亦成為了一種日本的特式土產。，除了沿用小豆、甘栗等材料外，還有加入水果如山楂、桃子以及蘋果等的水果口味。羊羹在台灣日治時期傳入臺灣。二戰結束後，日本戰敗，日本人遭到引揚歸國，全台各地的羊羹店鋪隨之消失，全臺各地僅剩由臺灣人經營的羊羹店鋪。其中較著名產地例花蓮縣玉里鎮、宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮等。主要材料瓊脂主要來自洋菜，提供了果凍狀的口感與半透明外觀。調味料一般都是以豆為主，但由於現時已發展至有多種口味，故材料方面亦開始多樣化。紅豆栗子山芋柿子無花菓綠茶或抹茶巧克力蜂蜜鳳梨著名口味本煉：傳統的原味羊羹，以三至四小時慢火製成，無紅豆顆粒，口味較甜，適合佐以較苦澀的茶。小倉：以紅豆為主要材料製成，其中含有紅豆顆粒。栗：以栗子為主要材料製成。黑糖：口味較甜，以黑糖製成。抹茶：抹茶口味的羊羹。山葉：清甜口味，顏色多為紫色。參考文獻外部連結本宗駿河店虎矢野羊羹和菓子中國甜食中式餜子
脑出血后还有性功能吗？脑出血的患者朋友们需要卧床休息，要在安静的环境内呆着，然后保持平和稳定的心态，也有一些患者会出现有头痛的症状，要学会分散注意力，另外长期卧床的朋友们一定要注意翻身，要预防出现褥疮的现象，还应该要重视个人隐私，应该要吃一些营养丰富低脂清淡的食物。脑出血是属于非常严重的疾病，不但要及时到医院去接受治疗，另外日常的护理工作也是非常重要的。避免人体出现其他不适应的症状。脑出血患者在日常生活中应该注意什么，很多朋友们都会有这样一个疑问，下文我们将为您详细介绍一下相关的内容，希望能够帮助大家。脑出血的患者朋友们一定要选择一个安静舒适的环境，特别是在发病两个星期以内要尽量的减少探望的次数，要保持平和稳定的情绪，避免各种不良的情绪影响，否则会导致病情越来越严重。患者需要卧床休息两个星期，头不需要轻轻的左右转动，但是要避免过度性的搬动或抬高，头部可以在床上小幅度的翻动，每两小时一次，但是也不要太过于紧张，大小便也需要在床上进行，不可以自行下床解便，以防再次出现出血的意外。脑出血的患者朋友们还会发现有不同程度头痛的现象，就比如针刺样头痛，剧烈性疼痛等症状，一般都需要给予治疗，随着病情逐渐的好转，头疼症状会逐渐性的好转，但是也不要太过于紧张，要学会分散注意力，在治疗过程当中如果仍然觉得痛得非常厉害，不能够忍受，可以到医院去接受治疗，另外也需要重视营养，注意多补充一些，高营养低脂的食物，就比如豆制品及鸡蛋等，这类食物中含有蛋白质量非常高，能够促进人体尽快的恢复。脑出血患者在日常生活中应该注意什么就介绍到这里，相信大家有所了解。脑出血的患者朋友们一定要特别注意个人的卫生，皮肤受压超过两个小时就特别容易形成褥疮，所以需要翻身按摩受压组织，保持皮肤的清洁与干燥，老年朋友们也需要调节好个人情绪，情绪不稳定有可能会导致病情加重。
巴氏腺囊肿是什么？巴氏腺是负责分泌粘液润滑阴道的腺体，它本来有自己的开口，但若因发炎或脏东西堵塞粘液排不出去就会肿大形成巴氏腺囊肿。那么，巴氏腺囊肿是什么，我们一起来看。巴氏腺囊肿，前庭大腺位于两侧大阴唇后部，腺体开口于小阴唇内侧近处女膜处。前庭大腺分泌液排出受阻而积聚于管腔，引起腺体囊性扩张，就会引起巴氏腺囊肿。如果不妨碍日常生活，则可以定期观察，无需治疗。若囊肿大，患者可感到外阴有坠胀感或有性交不适，检查见囊肿多为单侧也可为双侧，囊肿多呈椭圆形。合并感染时可以出现局部皮肤红肿、发热、压疼明显、脓肿形成后疼痛加剧，可以触及波动感。巴氏腺囊肿形成的原因主要是与局部卫生环境有关系，如果平时不注意卫生，容易造成局部细菌滋生，导致巴氏腺口堵塞而发生炎症形成脓肿。慢性炎症的存在使巴氏腺导管阻塞，这种疾病出现后就会导致分泌物排出不畅，以致腺体囊性扩张，形成囊肿。急性巴氏腺炎炎症消退后，女性身体中腺体导管仍然阻塞，分泌物不能排出，脓液被吸收，液体逐渐转清，这也是出现巴氏腺囊肿的原因之一。前庭大腺囊肿小的时候可以长期存在、多年不变、定期观察、无需治疗。如果囊肿大于3cm，影响生活或反复感染，可行巴氏腺囊肿造口术，此法简单、损伤小并能保留腺体功能，造口之后放置引流条，防止术后粘连再次形成囊肿。一旦脓肿形成应当及时切开引流。以上就是对巴氏腺囊肿的介绍，前庭大腺囊肿大小不一，多由小逐渐增大，有些可持续数年不变，若囊肿小且没有感染，患者可无自觉症状。大家应该经常注意外阴局部应保持清洁卫生，不穿化纤内裤，经常换洗内裤，避免阴道分泌物、尿液、粪便的污染。
谷桃子（），日本前女演員、前女性模特兒，实名谷桃子，曾用艺名藤田咲，1984年生於茨城縣鹿嶋市。谷桃子从茨城县盐井高中毕业后，她在当地的一家手机店找到了工作，但一年后离职。作为茨城丰田的车模一年。她在一个熟人经营的东京料亭工作被星探发现，进入娱乐圈。2007年，她被日本电视台选为Nittelegenic2007年成员。同期有木口亚矢、绿友利惠、小田麻美和葵。2018年4月16日与居住在福冈县的一名普通男子结婚。12月31日，她在博客正式宣布引退。她的爱好是看电影，购物和看足球比赛。初中的俱乐部活动是篮球俱乐部，她的专长是羽毛球。他也擅长游泳，特别是蛙泳和爬泳。出演电视节目 Nittelegenic美女2（2007-2008 ，Nittele Plus＆Science（现为Nittele Plus）） Do缶（名古屋电视台） gravure的美少女（2008年3月，MONDO21）第414位“谷桃子” PREMIERE之巢窟 PREMIERE girls（2008年4月9日，富士电视台） You knock on a jumping door!（富士电视台）“ 游泳比赛的背影 ”（2008年7月23日）男女糾察隊 2008秋季3小时特别节目（朝日电视台 2008年10月14日）-嘉宾相談马鹿一代（2008年12月29日，东京电视台） mashup!音王MUSIOneo（2009年1月7日至3月22日，仙台广播）神之舌（东京电视台）-嘉宾 “第四届M女试镜”（2009年1月21日） “和解之友公园”（2009年5月13日/ 2013年3月23日） “芸能人谷桃子王決定戦”（2009年10月21日/ 2009年12月2日） “ タニームマッチ2010”（2010年3月17日/ 2010年7月14日） “怪物偶像谷桃子和Netonya谷鯨団”（2010年11月3日） “认真演唱音乐节SP”（2011年4月20日） “若林vs春日オードリー照れカワ3番勝負”（2011年9月14日） “景気付けにおっぱいを見せてもらおう”（2011年11月19日/ 2013年7月6日） “児嶋vs高橋最下層芸人モノノフ最低抗争”（2012年9月15日） “THE破天荒2013”（2013年2月9日） “バカリズムに女友達を作ろう”（2014年1月18日） “笨拙的艺人救济项目”（2014年3月1日） “第5回照れカワ芸人更生プログラム”（2014年12月13日） “55分遅れるから流せる禁断未公開SP”（2015年3月7日） “ ゴッドタンのDVD特典映像は意外に面白いぞSP”（2016年3月5日） “ ワレモテ芸人会議”（2016年4月16日） “本郷杏奈、お前は何が出来るんだ!”（2018年6月17日）促销（2009年4月-2010年4月，SKY PerfecTV！促销 / e2促销）- 常规洋子俱乐部（2009年4月14日，2009年5月26日，每日放送）-嘉宾 DANCING SANMA PALACE（2009年4月28日，日本电视台）-嘉宾今夜もドル箱（2009年5月5日，东京电视台）-嘉宾滨议员（2009年6月25日，读卖电视台）おねだり怪盗GO!マウス（2009年7月12日，每日放送） DOWN TOWN DX（2009年7月16日，读卖电视台）测验演示品种Q !!（2009年10月2日，朝日电视台）解决爱的烦恼！シアワセ結婚相談所（2009年12月8日，日本电视台） Jaikel Maxon（2009年12月16日，每日放送）香蕉人博客侦探（2010年2月9日，东海电视台）今夜もドル箱（2010年3月16日，东京电视台） Webで簡単予約!厳選!いい宿ナビ（2010年3月22日，东京电视台）-不定期出演 P-1淘金热（2010年4月-，大阪电视台）-不定期出演イチハチ（2010年6月23日，毎日放送）蹦极原因（2010年，U站）今夜もドル箱!! EX（2010年12月7日，东京电视台）-客人 BS 11競馬中継（2011年1月5日-2013年12月21日，BS11）-星期六MC担当 UmaNavi11（与上述相同，中央赛马重点项目）-星期六MC担当 ONGAX Fami Love（2011年10月-12月，千叶电视广播）--MC 秋叶偶像频道（BS11）＃9（2011年11月11日）＃11（2011年12月9日）〜My face of pride Can you do better?〜2小时特别节目（2012年1月6日，朝日广播）艺能界特技王決定战TEPPEN（2012年1月7日，富士电视台）精心挑选的好旅馆（东京电视台）-定期电视剧温泉杀手（2009年4月-6月，东京电视台）-小雪华丽大间谍（2009年8月，日本电视台）-第4集 Momo 仁者侠医（2009年11月8日，TBS）-第5集妓女温泉杀手正月特别篇（2010年1月2日，东京电视台）天才儿童MAX 天才剧《忍者精神》（2010，NHK教育）-暮内あすみ〜Heaven's Rock〜第3集（关西电视台，2010年7月28日）-死神さんエビータ天使的代理人（2010年10月，东海电视台）--Episode8 桃香古代少女军团V（2010年11月，每日播报）- 第5集妖怪森ガール美人侦探M第8集（2012年1月29日，TOKYO MX）-美纱子小梅医生（7月17日和19日，2012年，NHK）-女主人美雪电影 ALLDAYS 2丁目的朝日（2008） ROOKIES－毕业－（2009年5月，東宝）ナイントゥイレブン（2010年6月发行，奥尔斯塔克影业）-香过分陪酒女与我的故事（2011）夫妻成长日记电影版2：吻（2011年12月17日，AMG Entertainment）-大宮杏子鬼灯家的大姐姐（2014年9月6日发行，KADOKAWA / SPOTTED PRODUCTIONS）-主演・鬼灯春 V电影院グラドルヒロイン危機一髪デザーター -青い絶望- （2007年3月，ZEN Pictures）-虎村リオグラドルヒロイン危機一髪デザーター -赤い希望-（2007年4月，ZEN Pictures）-虎村リオグラドルヒロイン危機一髪セ・レーヌの星 -星の王女-（2007年6月，ZEN Pictures）-黒いアマリリスグラドルヒロイン危機一髪セ・レーヌの星 -花の騎士-（2007年7月，ZEN Pictures）-黒いアマリリス実写版まいっちんぐマチコ先生ビバ! モモカちゃん!!（2008年8月，TMC）-桃園モモカぎゃるかん2（2009年6月25日，全娱乐）-高久亜美 OVA 珍遊記 -太郎とゆかいな仲間たち-（2009）-占い師互联网节目 Koikatsu 恋愛 Know-how Talk Live 2（2011年8月6日，Masheri Variety（Machebara）） CM 日テレSPOT DRAGONBALL EVOLUTION（2009年7月） PV 桑田圭佑 “幸福的最后一支舞”（2012）作品 DVD Peach Fizz（2006年11月24日，竹書房） Momoco（2007年3月21日，日本索尼音乐娱乐）日テレジェニック2007 谷桃子 Lesson P（2007年8月22日，VAP）日テレジェニック2007 Memoires（2008年2月27日，VAP）月刊谷桃子（2008年6月25日，Enet Frontier）監視願望（2008年9月26日，利物浦）ドリームスケッチ（2008年12月19日，利物浦）ピーチアワー（2009年3月20日，Line Communications） Fresh！Eye（2009年6月25日，Fresh Media）桃色台風〜ピンクタイフーン〜（2009年12月19日，Trico）辰巳奈都子×次原かな×谷桃子グラビアアイドルのありえないDVD（2010年1月22日，Enet Frontier）コイ・モモ（2010年4月20日，Line Communications） LOVE DATE MOMOKO（2010年7月23日，Enet Frontier） SWINUTION（2010年10月22日，Trico）夢桃 - Yume MoMo（2011年2月20日，Line Communications） Special DVD BOX（2011年2月20日，Line Communications）せつなの恋人（2011年5月27日，MBD Media） LOVE DATE MOMOKO2（2011年12月16日，Enet Frontier）なま桃（2012年4月20日，Line Communications）ももコレ〜Super Extra（2012年4月20日，Line Communications） d-BOMB タニ濡モモ（2012年7月25日，学研Publishing）妄想科学「スケスケ透視メガネで覗かれた!」（2012年9月6日，SOD Create）写真集 Momoco（2007年3月、学習研究社、撮影：西條彰仁）ISBN 978-4054033269 月刊谷桃子（2007年10月、新潮社、撮影：野村佐紀子）ISBN 978-4107901798 タニマニア（2009年1月、集英社、撮影：矢西誠二）ISBN 978-4-08-780511-6 乱れる（2009年7月24日、Wani Books、撮影：IWATA）ISBN 978-4847041853 ピーチショック（2009年11月、小学館、撮影：楽滿直城）ISBN 978-4-09-103081-8 壊して・・・（2017年5月17日、双葉社、撮影：西田幸樹）ISBN 978-4575312577 外部連結 2TOUCH（所属事務所）｜谷桃子谷桃子オフィシャルブログ「なんでだし?」 YS乙女学院 2学期｜谷桃子谷桃子 - MONDO TV 日本女演員茨城縣出身人物日本寫真偶像日視女郎
胃酸反流症状有哪些？“胃酸反流”是胃食管逆流性疾病的俗称。过去医学界认为,这是欧美国家才普遍可见的胃肠疾病,估计大约有44%的美国人患有此病症。随着生活方式西化、肥胖人口增加,近二十来,这种疾病在亚洲地区的发生率有不断上升的趋势。主要的表现有以下症状：胃酸倒流，通常表现为上胸部有灼热感，胃酸有时候会倒流到嘴巴。尽管不是很常见，但有些患者还会出现恶心，也就是俗话说的“烧心”、这些症状有时会被误认为是心脏病发作或心脏骤停，常常还伴随胸部紧张，虚弱和昏厥。胃酸返流的并发症包括某段食管狭窄、食管炎症可引起吞咽时疼痛和出血。通常出血轻微,但也可引起大出血。狭窄使吞咽固体食物更加困难。消化性食管溃疡是食管内层开放性溃破病灶,疼痛常位于胸骨后,或恰好在胸骨下。初期症状：胃酸反流的初期症状是“嗳气”,但很容易被忽略。其他典型症状包括心窝有烧灼感,以及胃酸倒流到口腔或咽喉的刺激症状。近年来,患胃酸反流的病例之所以不断增多,原因是人们的生活越来越紧张忙碌、饮食不定时,晚饭吃得太迟或是有吃夜宵的习惯,然后饱着肚子倒头大睡,结果使胃酸更容易反流。那么应该如何预防胃酸反流1、按时定量就餐饮食规律,吃完饭不应马上工作或剧烈运动;睡觉前两小时不要吃东西,睡觉时垫高头部,以防胃酸反流。2、避免食物刺激,保护好你的胃忌食冰冻和过热饮食,饮食温度要适中;忌食吃多量味精、酸辣及过咸的食物,饮食以清淡为主,味重会刺激胃酸分泌;那么如果出现胃酸过多，我们在饮食上应该注意什么呢？我们应该减少进食量,饱食容易导致食管下部括约肌松弛。进食应细嚼慢咽,少量多餐。晚餐尤其不宜饱食;睡前4小时不宜进食。如果病情严重时及时到正规医院进行常规检查，针对治疗，以免耽误了治疗的最佳时机。造成不必要的伤害，祝您早日康复！
胃胀胃病三餐吃什么饭好？食物在胃内过度发酵后产生大量气体，使胃内压力进一步增高，因而就会出现上腹部的饱胀、压迫感，即胃胀气。每天早起或者饭前、后，均有打嗝现象，并伴随气体喷出，身体消瘦，精神抑郁，神经性的头疼和胸闷，伴以乳房忽冷忽热。胃胀胃病三餐吃什么饭好？1、主食类：主要有米饭、馒头、面条、面包、包子、饺子、混沌、粥等品种。由于每个患者病情不同，饮食习惯有差异，对主食的选择也会不同。但总体来讲，发酵的食物比未发酵者宜消化；含馅的食物往往不易熟透和馅过于油腻、粗糙而使之不易消化；粥是最值得推崇的养胃护胃食品。吃粥可以作为胃病的辅助治疗方法。2、肉类：可以择新鲜瘦嫩的猪肉，鸡胸脯肉、水鸭肉、鱼片等，经精细加工烹饪后食用;不能食用油腻、陈腐肉食。人们通常以为牛羊肉、狗肉、为大补食品，多食能强壮身体，但牛肉肌纤维较粗的食之不宜消化;羊肉狗肉味甘性热，为补阳之品，而胃炎患者辨证多属郁热阴伤兼湿热内蕴，食之更助火伤阴，不利于病情故以不食为佳。3、蛋类：蛋类的补益作用人所共知，但每日不可多食，以1-2个为宜，胃病病人应选择最易消化吸收的软蛋羹形式来烹饪食用。4、豆果类：黄豆的营养价值很高，但因其内部结构和含有胰蛋白酶抑制素的原因，许多人吃了炒、煮、爆的黄豆往往感到腹胀，消化不良甚至引起腹泻。豆制品比黄豆要容易消化，但仍有一部分人尤其是胃病患者吃后会出现上述情况。以上介绍了胃胀胃病三餐吃什么饭好，胃部疾病最常见的就是胃炎，胃溃疡，十二指肠溃疡等，除了用药物治疗以外，饮食调理也尤为重要。主要是不能吃生冷辛辣刺激食物，尽量少吃油腻食物，要吃容易消化的软食，比如馒头，面条，米粥，蛋羹等。
《资本主义：一个爱情故事》（）是由美国制片人麥可·摩爾所撰写、导演、及主演的美国纪录片。影片主要描述2007年－2009年環球金融危機和《2009年美国恢复和再投资法》（American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009），并评论美国极其资本主义的经济体系。其主题涵盖了华尔街的“赌场心态”、盈利性监狱、高盛集团对于美国政府的影响、工人的贫困、法院拍卖房屋的潮流、“捞一票就走（）”的后果、等等。此电影还包括一个宗教环节，讨论资本主义是否是宗罪，而且耶稣基督是否会当一个资本家。电影于2009年10月2日在美国和加拿大公映，2010年3月9日出售于藍光光碟及DVD媒介。獎項第六十六屆威尼斯電影節：小金獅獎外部链接 Official trailer on YouTube 多媒体 In The Center Ring: Michael Moore vs Capitalism - audio report by NPR Michael Moore on New Film - video report by Countdown with Keith Olbermann Michael Moore: "Capitalism Has Failed" - interviewed by Larry King Live\|CNN's Larry King Live Capitalism's Enemy, Michael Moore - video report by The Colbert Report Naomi Klein in Conversation With Michael Moore - audio report by The Nation Michael Moore Examines Today's Economic State - video report by the Tavis Smiley Show Moore Goes to the Source in "Capitalism: A Love Story" - video report by Democracy Now! 2009年美國電影作品 2000年代美国电影纪录片經濟題材作品麥可·摩爾電影华尔街电影意識形態題材紀錄片
Pietro Giordani (January 1, 1774 – September 2, 1848) was an Italian writer, classical literary scholar, and a close friend of, and influence on, Giacomo Leopardi. Biography Born in Piacenza, Giordani originally set out to become a monk. But after having entered into the Benedictine convent of Saint Sixtus at Piacenza in 1797, he eventually changed his mind and abandoned the clerical vocation in favor of his only real love, literature. He looked with extreme favor upon Napoleon Bonaparte and the Napoleonic regime in Italy and, in 1807, he wrote a Panegyric on the Sacred Majesty of Napoleon. The following year he obtained the post of proto-secretary of the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna which, however, he had to abandon in 1815: with the beginning of the Restoration he became highly suspect for his liberal, republican ideals. In 1816, he began his legendary epistolary exchange with Giacomo Leopardi to whom he eventually paid a visit in 1818, accompanying him, during his first travels outside of the small village of Recanati, to Macerata. He continued visiting him frequently during the following years. Giordani encouraged and helped foster the intellectual development and the further acquisition of knowledge that led to Leopardi's eventual greatness by exposing him to different cultural environments which included the most important groups of writers and intellectuals of the times. They shared a deep and lasting affection and esteem for each other. So much so, that Leopardi once described Giordani as his "dear and beneficent paternal image." The inheritance left to him by his father in 1817 assured Giordani's economic independence and, as a consequence, also ensured him a great deal of intellectual independence. He traveled a great deal and settled, at various times, in Piacenza, Bologna and, finally, in Milan, where he became an editor, along with Vincenzo Monti, Giuseppe Acerbi and the geologist Scipione Breislak, of the classicist magazine La Biblioteca Italiana. He felt compelled to leave this position, however, because of an increasing atmosphere of political conflict and antagonism with Giuseppe Acerbi who held firmly Austro-Hungarian sympathies. In Florence, he began subscribing to the liberal magazine Antologia run by Giovanni Pietro Vieusseux. In the year 1825, he managed to get published, in this magazine, a letter to the Marchese Gino Capponi in which he proposed the idea of editing and publishing a collection (Scelta de' Prosatori Italiani) of all the works of the most important writers in Italian history, from Dante to contemporary writers of the time (including Leopardi), in volumes which did not cost more than 24 scudos. Nonetheless, he always maintained a detached and somewhat indifferent attitude toward this magazine because it propounded a vision of a radical renewal of the functions of the intellectual in public life along purely materialistic and commercial lines; the intellectual was to be viewed as a sort of merchant of ideas and an integral, organic part of the process of economic and material rationalization of society and culture along market-lines. Giordani rejected this vision of a market of letters, preferring to stick to his lofty Aristotelean conception of the contemplative and austere poet. After the suppression of the uprisings of 1821, there followed a period of retrenchment. Intellectuals generally abandoned the prospect of revolution in favor of a more moderate, reformist program, and the center of progressive culture moved away from Milan to Florence, and from the magazine Il Conciliatiore to Antologia. The uprisings of 1831 would find the intellectuals absent altogether and even Giordani, as a consequence, found himself something of an outcast in Italian society. In his final years, he lived in Parma, where he was incarcerated for three months in 1834 and where he died in 1848, ironically enough, precisely during the period of the (provisional) success of the anti-Austrian uprisings. Works Description of the Bonaparte Forum, 1806. On the Poetic Style of the Marchese of Montrone, 1807. Panegyric on the Sacred Majesty of Napoleon, 1807. Panegyric to Antonio Canova, 1810. On the Life and Work of Cardinal Sforza Pallavicino, 1810. On a Painting of cav. Landi and one of cav. Camuccini, 1811. For the Three Legations Reacquired by the Pope, 1815. The Halicarnasus of Mai, 1816. On Three Poems Painted a Fresco, 1832. Preamble to the Third Volume of the Operas of Giacomo Leopardi, 1845. The Debate Between Classicism and Romanticism On 1 January 1816, in the first issue of "La Biblioteca Italiana", Giordani published his own translation of an article of Madame de Staël with the title On the Manner and Utility of Translations, in which de Stael invited Italians to abandon the isolationism and provincialism of their native literary traditions, to abandon their continued reference to a worn and anachronistic mythology in order to move closer to modern foreign literature. This was felt to be a powerful and provocative accusation of backwardness by literate Italians, who were portrayed as a bunch of erudites who, in the words of de Stael, went around "continually rummaging in the ancient ashes, in order to find perhaps some grain of gold." "An Italian" responds to De Stael was the title of the article in which Giordani, in the April edition of the magazine, formulated a strong rejection of de Stael's invitation. What possible help could a bunch of foreign authors offer to the resolution of the most urgent task of any literary Italian, which is, of course, the return to linguistic purity?, asked Giordani. De Stael's article offered him the opportunity to state the fundamental principle of classicism: the existence of a form of perfection in art which, once attained, could only be either lost in decadence or reattained by going back to the perfect works which had already been realized and discovering what it is in them that makes them the most outstanding creations and expressions of the human imagination and creative skill. Italian writers had already been imitating classical poets for centuries and the imitation of modern foreign writers would have resulted in the obfuscation of the Italianity of Italian literary expression. "The sciences are capable of infinite progress and are able to find new truths every day which had been previously unknown", wrote Giordani. " But the progress of the arts is finished when they have found the beautiful and learned how to express it." Perfection, for Giordani, was reached by the Greek and Latin writers and, later, by the Italians. He admitted that there are many tastes, but believed that these tastes are all conformable to the different characters of the various populations and cultures of the world. And it is precisely for this reason that Italian taste, offspring of Greco-Roman taste, is completely extraneous to that of, e.g., the English or the Germans. "One can dispute endlessly about whether or not all of that which people admire in English and German poetry is truly beautiful; or if much of it is not, rather false and exaggerated and therefore ugly. But let's suppose that all of it is beautiful; it does not follow that all of it will be beautiful to us Italians, if we mix it in with other things of our own. It is necessary to either cease being Italians, forget our own language, our history, transform our climate and our imagination, or, maintaining these things unchanged, accept that our poetry and our literature must be maintained Italian; but it cannot remain Italian if it is mixed with those northern ideas which have nothing in common and are incompatible with ours....I am not saying that an Italian cannot reasonably desire to learn the poetry and the literature of the northerners, as he can easily do by personally visiting those countries; But I deny that those literatures (beautiful and laudable to those who belong to those countries) can enrich and embellish ours because they are essentially incompatible. It is one thing to go to Japan out of curiosity in order to see almost a different world from ours. It is another thing to come back from there and desire to live like a Japanese among Italians.....Italians should study their own classics, the Latin and Greek writers....." All of these ideas were later to exercise a profound influence over Leopardi, who, notwithstanding his romanticism in style and tone, was, at heart, a deeply committed classicist in holding (and in stating in many parts of the Zibaldone and elsewhere) that the arts, and indeed humanity itself, had systematically degenerated from a high-point in the Greco-Roman past to a point in the modern scientific world in which true beauty was no longer attainable because of the death of the primitive illusions associated with a natural, non-scientific and non-technological world. A year later, however, Giordani would read for the first time the tragedies of Shakespeare and end up powerfully impressed. He wrote: "I am reading the works of Shakespeare, which appears to me to be a new world of drama and, like in any new world, I am finding all sorts of things: enormous beauty and substantial misery. But it must be confessed that his delightful creations are great and new." And, in contradiction to his many previous affirmations in writings, he added, "I think these works would be of enormous profit to Italian poets.!!" Conclusions In his writings, Pietro Giordani demonstrated a strict adherence to linguistic classicism, to an eloquence balanced and controlled in form. His rhetoric is rarely hollow or empty; there is rigor, participation in cultural and educational problems; there is strong argument against prejudice and obscurantism; there is an aggressive but not thoughtless or banal anti-clericalism; there is an invitation to participate in and comprehend one's own times through the study of history and economics. For this reason, the idea of literature in Giordani, in spite of the common classicist roots, is very different from that of Monti: the literary enterprise must consist in the affirmation of virtue, the search for truth, and civil education. Poetry must not be an otiose pastime, science must be studied before Latin, teaching must integrate both manual and intellectual work, the study of contemporary history must come before that of antiquity. In him, faith in the happiness of humanity, once liberated from prejudices and oppression, alternates with a desolate vision of inevitable human unhappiness without conceding anything to transcendental illusions. This vision solicited Leopardi toward the necessity of dedicating himself to the practical, if not theoretical, overcoming of pessimism, to not letting himself be dominated by a philosophy that inhibits the will. There is, in Giordani, a contradiction between rhetorical education and the urgence of renewal, as there is in his conviction that the only way to achieve cultural progress in Italian society is through finding a stimulus in the lessons of the ancients. But it was the contradiction of Italian history itself that was expressed in him: not finding any elements of progress within an economically backward and social stagnant society, he alluded himself that the indisputable value of Italian literary tradition could be, in and of itself, a progressive factor. This explains perhaps a certain restrictedness of horizons and a provincialism which was never overcome. He himself seems to have been conscious of a certain insuffiency of his work with respect to his capabilities and intellect when he wrote: "If they wish to put a stone over these poor bones, I recommend that they write: Pietro Giordani was never known." Bibliography Giordani, Pietro. Lettere, SI, 1937. Idem. Scritti Scelti, Sansoni, Florence, 1961. AA. VV., P.G. in the Second Century after his Birth. CRP, Piacenze, 1974. Fabio Camilletti, "Toward an Archaeology of Italian Modernity: Rethinking the Classicist/Romantic Quarrel." In The Formation of a National Audience in Italy, 1750-1890: Readers and Spectators of Italian Culture. Gabriella Romani and Jennifer Burns, eds. Madison and Teaneck, New Jersey, 2017. External links 1774 births 1848 deaths People from Piacenza Italian art historians Giordani, Pietro 19th-century Italian male writers
Floyd K. Whittemore (October 2, 1844 – March 4, 1907) was an American politician and businessman. Born in Auburn, New York, Whittemore and his family moved to Sycamore, Illinois in 1848. He went to the Sycamore public schools. Whittemore worked for the DeKalb County, Illinois circuit clerk office. He was also a farmer. He worked as the cashier for the State National Bank of Springfield. He was assistant treasurer of the United States at Chicago, Illinois. In 1895, Whittemore was appointed assistant Illinois state treasurer. From 1899 to 1901, Whittemore served as Illinois state treasurer and was a Republican. Whittemore died at his home in Springfield, Illinois. Notes 1844 births 1907 deaths People from Sycamore, Illinois Politicians from Auburn, New York Businesspeople from Illinois Farmers from Illinois Illinois Republicans State treasurers of Illinois
兔巴哥（，又譯-{zh-hans:宾尼兔;zh-hk:兔巴哥;zh-tw:賓尼兔、兔寶寶;}-），是美国的一名拟人卡通人物，由华纳兄弟动画公司设计制作，首次在樂一通动画系列中出现，他被评为全世界最受觀眾歡迎的兔子。他于1940年在纽约的布鲁克林出生小時候叫兔寶寶。角色兔八哥喜歡傾斜著身體靠在樹幹、欄杆上咬胡萝卜，他的死敵是獵人Elmer Fudd，愛人是蘿拉兔（Lola Bunny）。口头禅是“-{zh-hans:怎么了，伙计？;zh-hant:啥事呀？老兄}-”（原文"Eh...what's up, doc?"）。他在美国以外国家通常被改为符合当地特色的名字，例如在芬兰被改名Väiski Vemmelsääri。歷史前身早期的設定與現在的樣子差異非常大（早期是一只与现实的白兔没什么两样的兔子），首次登場於1938年4月30日播映的獵人豬小弟，當時華納卡通主要的動畫主角為豬小弟和達菲鴨，常有豬小弟扮演著獵人與達菲鴨搭檔演出的劇情，而當時的製作人班‧哈德維和卡爾道爾頓便試著使用一隻白兔來代替達菲鴨演出，因為其豐富的表情動作，搭配類似啄木鳥伍迪的聒噪笑聲和類似格魯喬·馬克思的喜劇風格，讓這隻聲音特殊的兔子立刻受到觀眾的喜愛，所以華納的卡通部門隨後決定再此使用牠來演動畫。這隻白兔在1939年的Prest-O Change-O再次登場，在劇中與兩隻狗以戲弄兩隻狗，以魔術手法來與他們演出對手戲，最後被兩隻狗給打倒，而保留其特殊笑聲外並無其他台詞。之後在1939年的Hare-um Scare-um第三次登場，顏色也改成了灰色配上黃色手套，外型也稍有改變，也在劇中唱起了歌，因為這隻兔子漸漸開始受歡迎的緣故，所以製作人Charles Thorson便給他取了個名字，原先計畫使用的名字為"快樂兔(Happy Rabbit)"，經過考慮後便給他取名為"賓尼兔(Bug Bunny)"。但之後負責接下這個系列的製作人Tedd Pierce再次更改了賓尼兔的設計，他參考了競爭對手公司華特迪士尼動畫工作室在1936年所製作的動畫系列糊塗交響樂中的Toby Tortoise Returns的兔子外型，參考了其誇張的笑容、修長的腿及特大號的腳掌，以及三根手指和白色手套，最終誕生了這隻充滿迪士尼風格的兔子。電影兔八哥（或類似對象）在許多動畫中都扮演着領導角色。如在電影怪物奇兵（Space Jam）中，他和麥可·喬登都是隊長。又如在《樂一通超能特攻隊》中，他的後代Ace Bunny亦是最強主力。參見樂一通乐一通角色虛構詭計者虚构兔子兔子主角故事戴爾漫畫作品 DC漫畫作品虚构纽约市人好萊塢星光大道企業吉祥物
角膜反射迟钝的诊断是什么？被检查者向内上方注视，医师用细棉签毛由角膜外缘轻触病人的角膜。正常时，被检者眼睑迅速闭合，称为直接角膜反射。眼睑不出现及时闭合，则角膜反射迟钝。可根据上面的方法来诊断。
普爾莫角國家公園（）是墨西哥的國家公園，由南下加利福尼亞州負責管轄，始建於1995年6月6日，面積71平方公里，受半乾旱氣候影響，該地區有226種珊瑚。墨西哥國家公園海洋國家公園拉姆薩公約登錄地
干癣性关节炎该如何诊断？参见：没有任何确定性的检查方法有助于诊断干癣性关节炎。干癣关节炎的症状可能与其他疾病非常相似，包括类风湿性关节炎。风湿病专科医师可能会透过身体检查、病史、血液检查和 X 光检查来精准诊断干癣性关节炎。有助于诊断干癣关节炎的因素包括：干癣关节炎比其他关节炎相比，前者更为典型的其他症状包括着骨点炎（发炎的位置在足根后面的跟腱，或是足底的和手指或脚趾肿胀如香肠一般的。
长岗乡，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。行政区划长岗乡下辖以下地区：。参考资料
短刺虎刺（学名：）为茜草科虎刺属下的一个种。其种加词“Giganteus”意为“巨大的”。参考文献 D D
秦右（，）美国监理会先驱教育传教士，在中国上海传教。生平 1815年，秦右出生在美国，获神学博士。 1848年（33岁）秦右与传教医师戴乐安（Charles Tayor）两对夫妇受美国监理会差遣，作为该会的先驱教士来华。到达香港时，秦右师母因病滞留，于是戴乐安夫妇先赴上海，在南市王家码头租屋立足。1849年秦右夫妇来上海，于是在郑家木桥购地，1850年建成福音堂，可容纳150人，并附设一所女塾，聘刘竹松任中文教师。 1854年，秦右同蓝柏等新传教士再度来华，仍驻上海。1861年秦右赴欧洲访问，1864年返回上海，因美国内战经济来源中断，出任美国驻上海领事馆通译，一度兼任副总领事。。1871年在上海去世。参考文献参见监理会在华传教士列表美国新教传教士在华基督教新教传教士 (清朝) 监理会
Lavrenti Ardaziani (; 1815 – January 1, 1870) was a Georgian writer and journalist and one of the forerunners of Georgian realistic fiction prose. Born in Tiflis of a deacon, Ardaziani graduated from the local theological seminary and entered the civil service under the Russian viceroyal administration. He debuted with prose translation of Shakespeare in 1858 and quickly established himself as one of the leading contributors to the principal Georgian literary magazine Tsiskari. His works – full of satirical touches – are noted for their realistic portrayal of social life in old Tbilisi. His best known novella Solomon Isakich Mejganuashvili (სოლომონ ისაკიჩ მეჯღანუაშვილი, 1861) is a first-person life-story told by the eponymous hero of the Tiflis Armenian milieu, who starts modestly as a small tradesman and then turn to money lending so that the aristocracy also falls into his clutches. He now aims at becoming accepted in beau monde and wants to marry his daughter off to a Georgian prince Alexander Raindidze who, a well-bred and enlightened liberal man, is presented as a contrast to the character of Solomon. Of note are also Ardaziani's work Travelling by the Pavements of Tiflis (მოგზაურობა ტფილისის ტროტუარზედ, 1862), novel The Obedient Woman (მორჩილი, 1862) and polemic essays in the Georgian press. References 1815 births 1870 deaths Writers from Tbilisi Journalists from Tbilisi 19th-century journalists Male journalists 19th-century male writers
圣保罗昂科尔尼永（，；）是法国卢瓦尔省的一个市镇，位于该省南部，卢瓦尔河右岸，属于圣艾蒂安区。地名在法语地名中，介词“en”常接地区名，但这里的“Cornillon”（科尔尼永）并非一个传统的区域，因此应采用音译“圣保罗昂科尔尼永”而非“科尔尼永地区圣保罗”。地理圣保罗昂科尔尼永（）面积，位于法国奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区卢瓦尔省，该省份为法国中南部省份，北起顺时针与索恩-卢瓦尔省、罗讷省、伊泽尔省、阿尔代什省、上盧瓦爾省、多姆山省和阿列省接壤。与圣保罗昂科尔尼永接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。圣保罗昂科尔尼永的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。行政圣保罗昂科尔尼永的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。政治圣保罗昂科尔尼永所属的省级选区为。交通卢瓦尔省省道D108线经过境内。人口圣保罗昂科尔尼永于时的人口数量为人。参见卢瓦尔省市镇列表参考文献 S
Ekrem Cemilpaşa or Ekrem Cemil Paşa (Burc) or Ekrem Cemilpaşazade (22 February 1891, Diyarbakır – 31 December 1973, Damascus) was a Kurdish politician and officer. Early life and education Ekrem Cemilpaşa was born in 1891 to Kasım Bey, a member of the Cemilpaşazade family, one of the important Kurdish families in Diyarbakır. Ekrem Cemilpaşa attended the military school in Diyarbakir and followed up on his education in Istanbul. Cemilpaşa was able to study mathematics in Switzerland from 1913 onwards, to where he was sent to by his father. As he returned from Europe to Istanbul, he founded Hevî, an association for Kurdish students. Diplomatic career As World War I began, Ekrem Cemilpaşa was called to defend the Ottoman Empire. After the end of the war, he returned to Diyarbakır, where he was one of the founders of the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan, and was in charge of the publication of the Jîn magazine. He attempted to gain the support of the British diplomats for the creation of an independent Kurdistan, but his approach was not awarded. Following the suppression of the Sheikh Said Rebellion, he was amongst the 500 Kurdish notables who were deported from Diyarbakır. Later he was arrested and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. In prison in Kastamonu, he taught other Kurdish prisoners French, but as he wanted to teach also Kurdish, it was forbidden. He was released from prison in 1929 and left Turkey for Syria with his cousins Kadri, Mehmed and Bedri Cemilpaşa. In Syria he joined the Xoybûn, and was elected its secretary general between 1939 and 1944. He stayed in Syria until his death in 1973. References Kurdish politicians 1891 births 1973 deaths People from Diyarbakır Kurdish people from the Ottoman Empire Syrian Kurdish people 20th-century Kurdish people Kurdish independence activists
Tricarina is an extinct genus of crustaceans in order Isopoda, known from a single incomplete fossil specimen from the Cretaceous of western Iran. It has a flattened body with three longitudinal ridges, which give it its name. Sources The single known specimen of Tricarina was discovered in a well core that had been bored at a site on the Khuzestan Plain in south-western Iran, at , and at a depth of . The rocks that contain it are calcareous shales, which form part of the Gadvan Formation, and are part of the main sequence of rocks for the production oil and gas around the Persian Gulf. Examination of the foraminiferan fossils show that the shales are Barremian to Aptian in age. Description The fossil of Tricarina gadvanensis is known from a part and counterpart from a core drilled to make an oil well. It has been deposited in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as specimen number CM 54197. A segment of the cylindrical core was cut away before the fossil was discovered, and the fossil is accordingly incomplete: the front of the carapace extends over the cut edge, and much of the pleon is outside the edge of the core. Most of the carapace is visible, and shows a flattened form, with three distinct longitudinal carinae or ridges. The bases of the antennae are preserved, but no eyes are apparent. A single pereiopod (walking leg) is visible, and it ends without a chela (claw). Systematics Feldmann et al. (2007) classified Tricarina gadvanensis as a decapod crustacean. According to Feldmann et al., T. gadvanensis cannot be accommodated in any of the previously known families of Decapoda. The few families which contain species with flattened bodies, such as Scyllaridae and the various families of Polychelida, all have very different ridge patterns. They therefore erected a new family, Tricarinidae, to accommodate this single genus and species. The lack of claws suggests affinity to slipper lobsters and spiny lobsters, and the new family is therefore placed in the inraorder Achelata. The genus name refers to the three ridges on the carapace, while the specific epithet refers to the area from which the fossil was recovered. Subsequent restudy of the fossil led Hyžný et al. (2020) to conclude that T. gadvanensis was not a decapod, but rather an isopod, probably closely related to the family Serolidae. Ecology The lack of eyes in Tricarina suggests a deep-water organism, a feature also seen in Polychelidae and Thaumastochelidae. This is also corroborated by the rocks it was found in, which are thought to have been deposited in a deep, offshore setting. It is probable that Tricarina burrowed into the sediment, as was also inferred for Eryon, and as seen in some slipper lobsters. References Early Cretaceous crustaceans Monotypic isopod genera Fossils of Iran Fossil taxa described in 2007 Early Cretaceous arthropods of Asia Cretaceous Iran

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