text
stringlengths 1
177k
|
|---|
弯梗紫金牛（学名：）为报春花科紫金牛属下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
retroflexa
|
Quri Qala Cave or QuraQala (Kurdish: Şikefta QureQela, ئەشکەوتی قوڕەقەڵا Persian: غار قوری قلعه) is a cave located northwest of Ravansar, Iran, and is one of the longest caves in western Asia. First explored in the 1950s, in 1989 it was further opened by an Iranian team. It contains three main chambers, with calcite crystals, stalactites and waterfalls. It is known for its colony of Mouse-eared bat, and for a number of archaeological finds, including silver vessels dating to the late Sassanian period. These silver vessels are related to the late Sasanian period and decorated with a hawk catching a bird, birds, lions and a phoenix, suggests that they were probably offered to a Mithra temple located in the cave. Sasanian and Arab-Tabarian coins have also been found in the cave. The cave might have been a Mithra temple occupied from the late Sasanian period until probably the second century Hijrah.
References
Caves of Iran, Quri Qale Cave
Akbarzadeh, D., T. Daryaee, and J. A. Lerner, 2001, Two Recently Discovered Inscribed Sasanian Silver Bowls, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 15, pp. 71–76
Alibaigi, S., Moradi Bisotuni, A., Rahimi, F., Khosravi, Sh., Alibaigi H (2017) The Late Sasanian Treasury of Qouri Qaleh Cave: Votive Offerings for a Mithra Temple in Kermanshah, Western Iran. Iran, 55 (2): 227–252.
Rahimi, F., 2004 Technical Examination and Provenance Studies on Sasanian Silver Vessels from Quri Qaleh, In T. Stollner, R. Slotta, and A. Vatandoust (eds), Persian Antiques Splendor, mining crafts and archeology in ancient Iran, vol. I, pp. 456–460, Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Bochum.
Caves of Iran
Landforms of Kermanshah Province
|
Djibrine Kherallah (1926 – 21 October 2001) was a Chadian Muslim politician and diplomat. He served as minister of finance and foreign affairs in 1960s and 1970s.
References
1926 births
2001 deaths
Chadian diplomats
Chadian Muslims
Finance ministers of Chad
Foreign ministers of Chad
|
小儿散发性甲状腺肿的鉴别诊断？(1)临床表现：不同病因导致的先天性甲状腺肿有不同的临床表现。1、Pendred综合征：表现除了甲状腺肿大外，有不同程度的听力障碍，进一步因听力障碍使语言发育落后，发音困难，进而成为聋哑;2、家族性酶缺陷性克丁病：除甲状腺肿大，还有智能低下，丑陋面容，生长发育落后;3、母妊娠期服用抗甲状腺药：会引起新生儿甲状腺肿大常合并有甲状腺功能减退，在新生儿期出现黄疸期延长、反应低下、便秘、腹胀等症状，这些症状在短期内会消失。(2)诊断：详细询问病史，母妊娠史可提供孕母使用抗甲状腺药引起新生儿及婴幼儿甲状腺肿大，家族史可帮助发现家族性酶缺陷引起的克丁病、Pemdred综合征，结合临床特殊外貌、体征作出诊断。(3) 鉴别诊断：散发性甲状腺肿包括在单纯性甲状腺肿的范畴内。病人来自非甲状腺肿流行地区，并以此与甲状腺功能低下症和地方性甲状腺肿相鉴别。除此以外，散发性甲状腺肿还应与下面疾病相鉴别：1.桥本甲状腺肿(慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎) 表现为甲状腺双侧或单侧弥漫性小结节状或巨块状肿块，质地较硬，TPOAb、TgAb皆为阳性有助于与非毒性甲状腺肿鉴别细针穿刺细胞学检查可确诊。2.Riedel甲状腺炎(慢性纤维性甲状腺炎) 表现为甲状腺无痛性肿块，质地坚硬，固定，细针穿刺细胞学检查意义不大需手术活检确诊3.青春期甲状腺肿(adolescence goitre) 青春期女性常会有甲状腺肿大，而青春期甲状腺肿在健康人中也常发生，并不都是疾病。4.结节性甲状腺肿(nodular goitre) 肿大的甲状腺组织多为单个或多发性结节(2个结节以上)。结节性甲状腺肿常发生在地方性甲状腺肿流行地区，在地区缺碘情况下，甲状腺素合成降低，反馈性地使TSH分泌增多，TSH刺激甲状腺组织反复增生、退化的结果。甲状腺结节内结构大部分为含胶质滤泡，滤泡上皮细胞呈立方形(部分为扁平状)，行甲状腺细针抽取细胞学检查经特殊染色后镜下细胞学形态表现为较大量胶质中分散较少或中等量的立方上皮细胞，细胞体积较正常甲状腺上皮细胞体积大，而染色均匀。少数多发性结节或分散的单个结节，大多数属腺瘤，并具有完整的包膜，分种类型：滤泡型腺瘤，此种腺瘤由体积大小不等、含胶质量不同的滤泡组成，滤泡上皮有不同程度的增生现象，通常质地较硬，包膜完整;乳头状腺瘤，滤泡上皮增生成带蒂的乳头状，蒂柄中多为结缔组织，有时可见结节中有较软的部分是囊性，囊内为黏性液或陈旧性的血性液体;混合性腺瘤，上述2种结节的结构在此种瘤中同时存在，即滤泡上皮细胞与乳头状上皮细胞均可见。5.甲状腺癌(thyroid cancer) 儿童甲状腺癌的发病率比较低，其特点为发展相对缓慢，起病较隐匿。早期临床表现为甲状腺呈局部性肿大，可触及结节，结节多呈不对称，肿块初期未与周围组织产生粘连时，可随吞咽而上下移动，随着病程发展，肿瘤组织与周围组织粘连，结节变得固定，质地较硬或坚硬，渐出现淋巴结肿大。甲状腺癌早期诊断较困难，一旦在甲状腺上发现有结节时，此时癌组织多已有远处转移，故对疑有甲状腺癌(或腺瘤)时，应立即进行甲状腺B超和放射性核素131I甲状腺显像，以便尽早确诊。6.先天性甲状腺肿(congenital goitre) 先天性甲状腺肿系一种先天性的甲状腺形态和功能异常的疾病，因合成的甲状腺素不足而起病。甲状腺激素的合成减少，通过反馈机制促使TSH分泌增加，TSH刺激甲状腺上皮细胞，使其增大而引起甲状腺肿。7.甲状腺瘤 表现为甲状腺单发性肿块质韧，与非毒性甲状腺肿的单发结节难以鉴别，细针穿刺细胞学检查有助于鉴别。
|
发现梅毒螺旋体阳性怎么办？梅毒是感染梅毒螺旋体引起的，以阴部糜烂，外发皮疹，筋骨疼痛，皮肤起核而溃烂为主要表现的传染病。梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性，是说明感染了梅毒，需要及时进行药物治疗，并定时复查，如果病情严重，需要进行抗生素治疗，根据病情的不同剂量有所不同，要积极配合治疗。梅毒螺旋体是梅毒的病原体，因其透明，不易着色，故又称苍白螺旋体。梅毒是一种广泛流行的性病，在中国发病率又有所回升。梅毒螺旋体只感染人类，分获得性梅毒与胎传梅毒。获得性梅毒主要通过性接触传染；胎传梅毒由梅毒螺旋体通过胎盘，从脐带血循环传给胎儿，可引起胎儿全身感染。螺旋体在胎儿内脏及组织中大量繁殖，可引起胎儿死亡或流产。梅毒螺旋体细长，形似细密的弹簧，螺旋弯曲规则，平均8-14个，两端尖直。电镜下显示梅毒螺旋体结构复杂，从外向内分为：外膜、轴丝、圆柱形菌体，一般染料不易着色。梅毒螺旋体有生活发育周期，分为颗粒期、球形体期及螺旋体期，平均约30小时增殖一代，发育周期与所致疾病周期、隐伏发作及慢性病程有关。梅素螺旋体抗原分为三类：1、螺旋体表面特异性抗原：刺激机体产生特异的凝集抗体及密螺旋体制动或溶解抗体，后者加补体可溶解螺旋体。2、螺旋体内类属抗原：可产生补体结合抗体，与非病原性螺旋体有交叉反应。3、螺旋体与宿主组织磷脂形成的复合抗原：当螺旋体侵入组织后，组织中的磷脂可粘附在螺旋体上，形成复合抗原。梅毒螺旋体阳性病人及时到医院就诊，通过出血做进一步的检查来进行定量检测，性伴侣也要同时治疗，采用选择药物治疗或者抗生素注射。平时注意个人卫生，保持阴部清洁干燥，多吃鱼肉蛋奶，加强营养，保证睡眠，避免劳累，适当的进行锻炼，保持免疫平衡。
|
洛斯波索斯（），是巴拿馬的城鎮，位於該國中南部，由埃雷拉省的洛斯波索斯區負責管轄，面積59.2平方公里，2010年人口2,199，人口密度每平方公里37.1人。
參考資料
http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/archivos/P3601Cuadro11.xls
巴拿馬城市
|
Samochód Pancerny wzór 29 ("armoured car year 1929 model"), commonly known as Ursus or CWS, was a Polish interwar heavy armored car. A handful of these vehicles saw combat during the Polish-German War of 1939.
History and description
The car was designed in 1929 by Rudolf Gundlach. The vehicle was based on the chassis of the Ursus A 2-ton truck (Italian S.P.A. 25C modified by Ursus Mechanical Works in Warsaw), the armored body was built by CWS, Warsaw. The initial armament consisted of the French 37 mm low-velocity gun in the turret front, 7.92 mm machine guns in the turret left-rear and right-rear at 120 degrees to the gun (all operated by the commander), and another 7.92 mm MG in the hull rear (operated by the rear gunner). Although this arrangement helped to achieve good balance of the turret, it was awkward to use. In the mid-1930s the right turret machine gun was removed. The car carried 96 rounds for the main gun and 4032 MG rounds in 16 252-round belts.
The vehicle was sufficiently armed and armored for late 1920s, but was underpowered, lacked all-wheel drive (which led to poor off-road mobility) and had high silhouette. Because of these shortcomings, only between 10 and 13 cars were built.
Combat history
Although obsolete by 1939, the car was still in service at the outbreak of the Second World War. 8 vehicles were assigned to the 11th armoured battalion of the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade, Army Modlin, as a reconnaissance unit. The vehicles acted well in combat, but by 16 September all of them were lost.
External links
derela.republika.pl
Armoured cars of the interwar period
Armoured cars of Poland
Vehicles introduced in 1929
Military vehicles introduced in the 1920s
|
玫瑰糠疹不宜吃什么食物？因为本病有季节性发作，皮疹有自限性，很少复发，初起为前驱斑，又未发现任何确定的变态反应性的物质引起本病，因此多数认为与病毒感染有关。研究结果提示玫瑰糖疹的发病与柯萨奇B组病毒感染有直接关系。此外，真菌、细菌感染或螺旋体等其他微生物的病源说法也未被证实。也有人认为是某种感染的一种过敏反应或胃肠中毒的皮肤表现。忌口的水果包括：芒果、杏、李、桃子、银杏、杨梅、樱桃、荔枝、甜瓜等。忌口的蔬菜有香椿头、芥菜、菠菜、豆芽、莴苣、茄子、韭菜、竹笋、南瓜、慈姑、香蕈、蘑菇等蔬菜。忌口的肉类，猪头肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋、驴肉、獐肉、牛肉、羊肉、狗肉、鹅肉、鹅蛋、鸭蛋、野鸡肉等。对葱、姜、蒜等辛辣刺激性的调味品和酒也要少食。患了玫瑰糠疹不能吃辛辣类的食物，像辣椒就要不要吃，特别是很辣的辣椒就更加不能吃了，还有不鞥能很油腻的东西，也不能吃有腥味的肉呀鱼呀，还有就是不能吃葱和大蒜还有酒之类的刺激性的食品。玫瑰糠疹患者不能吃的水果和蔬菜，因为平时一般人都是比较喜欢吃蔬菜和水果的，如果吃的不好反而对我们玫瑰糠疹的康复没有效果，常见的不能吃的水果有芒果李子还有桃子，蔬菜有菠菜芥菜等等。皮肤病很多都怕接触过敏的东西，如果平时对海鲜过敏的话就不要吃海鲜了，要想早点康复，除了不能吃上述食物之外，还可以通过多吃一些高蛋白的食物，来加快康复的速度，像牛奶的话可以多喝。可以采用中医中药进行治疗，中医的治疗原则是清热凉血，祛风止痒，一般用凉血消风汤有效，轻型患者可用紫草，水煎服，每日一次有效。紫外线照射，急性炎症期过去后，要是采用紫外线斑量照射能促进损害的消退。
|
侧鳃总科（學名：）是海洋腹足綱軟體動物異鰓類支序側鰓目之下的一個總科。
分類
侧鳃总科之下有下列三個科：
無殼側鰓科 Pleurobranchaeidae
侧鳃科 Pleurobranchidae
吉訶德科 Quijotidae ：得名於西班牙語名著《唐吉訶德》
參考文獻
外部連結
|
Men's 90 kg competition at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, took place on 22 June at the Heydar Aliyev Arena.
Schedule
All times are Azerbaijan Summer Time (UTC+05:00)
Results
Repechage
References
External links
Sambo at the 2015 European Games
|
天天（，），本名錢天韻，加拿大籍華人女歌手。
簡介
天天於中國出生，祖籍瀋陽，後來全家移民加拿大。畢業於約克大學，主修國際關係與法文。完成學業後到台灣發展，獲王偉忠簽約為金星娛樂旗下藝人，於2011年12月發行個人同名專輯《天天》。
專輯
參考資料
外部連結
新浪微博
騰訊微博
台湾女歌手
台灣華語流行音樂歌手
归化加拿大公民的中华人民共和国人
沈阳人
T
|
齿唇兰（学名：），为兰科开唇兰属下的一个植物种。
参考资料
lanceolatus
|
盧天澤，贵州遵義縣（今遵义市）人，清朝政治人物、同進士出身。
咸豐六年（1856年）丙辰科進士，三甲五十一名，后官四川南部縣知縣。
参考
《明清貴州七百進士》，厐思纯，贵州人民出版社，ISBN 7221069026
清朝知縣
遵义人
|
天順（、1128年—1132年），《越史略》作“大順”，是大越国越南李朝神宗李陽煥的第一个年号，共计5年。
纪年
参见
越南年号索引
其他天順年号
越南李朝年号
12世纪越南年号
1120年代越南
1130年代越南
|
大刀王五（），清末武術家。本名王正谊，字子斌，乳名安子，祖籍河北沧州。由于王五於李凤崗师门中排行第五，绰号“小五子”，善用大刀，因此江湖称其为「大刀王五」。
生平
王五出生微寒，自幼家境清苦，十二岁到烧饼铺学徒。从小拜沧州“成兴镖局”名镖师双刀李鳳崗为师学艺。而立之年进北京办“源顺镖局”，随之又拜“昆仑派”的“山西董”为师改学单刀。[來源請求]
光绪五年（1879年），大刀王五到北京前门外创立源顺镖局（后来迁往广安大街）。源顺镖局活动范围广大，北自山海关，南到江苏淮安市清江浦。大刀王五为人仗义行侠，结交维新人士；谭嗣同年少时曾随大刀王五学武术。1898年戊戌变法失败，八月间谭嗣同曾和大刀王五谋救光绪帝，未成。谭嗣同被害后，王五冒风险为谭收尸，并运回湖南浏阳家乡安葬，此事一时成为京师之美谈。现存「恭维匾」、「功德匾」各一块，是王五一生的真实写照。
光绪年间某年的中元節，南横街东口的小东岳庙，时逢庙会热闹非凡。逛庙会人中有几个有钱有势的纨绔子弟，幹出了一些侮辱回民的举动，引起在场回民的极大愤怒，定要拼个你死我活。眼看事态越闹越大，王五得知后，奔波于牛街、南横街一带，劝说双方，平息了几乎酿成回汉械斗的事态。事后肇事者的家长王某敬送了这块功德匾「德容感化」。
义和团大师兄张德成等久慕王五大名，亲自去源顺镖局见王五，请其出山，一起参加了天津义和团与八国联军的作战。八国聯軍進城後王五被鄉民指認為匪首，由清朝逮捕了王五，后转到德意志帝国陆军手里，被枪杀于前门外东河沿，其首級被联军梟首。傳說霍元甲怜之，偷取其首后葬之。
有關流行文化
電影：
1950年《大刀王五血戰小霸王》
1951年《大刀王五浴血殲仇記》
1973年《大刀王五》（英语為“The Iron Bodyguard”，邵氏影片，陳觀泰飾演）
1985年《大刀王五》（英语為“Kung Fu Hero Wang Wu”）
1993年《一刀傾城》（又名《神州第一刀》，洪金寶導演，楊凡飾演）
1993年《大刀王五》 （香港無線電視电视电影,杜琪峰導演,鄭浩南飾演）
电视剧：
1971年《大刀王五》（台視單元劇《台視國語電視小說》之一，吳桓主演）
1976年《近代豪俠傳之大刀王五》（香港無線電視的單元劇之一，王青飾演）
1976年《十大刺客之大刀王五》（香港麗的電視，羅石青飾演）
1976年《精武門》（香港佳藝電視，麥天恩飾演）
1995年《京城镖局》（中国大陆电视剧，张多福飾演）
1999年《英雄之廣東十虎》（香港亞洲電視電視劇，元彬飾演，此劇王五為非主線角色）
2000年《霍元甲（2000年电视剧）》
2003年《英雄·刀·少年》（香港無線電視電視劇，吳卓羲飾演）
2008年《霍元甲》（香港亞洲電視广播，吳毅將飾演）
2020年《大侠霍元甲》（CCTV电视剧，张永刚饰演，此剧王五为非主演角色）
京剧：
2021年《大刀王五》（北京京剧院京剧，詹磊饰演王五）
小说：
《北京法源寺》（李敖著）。
香港漫畫：
《醉拳》大刀王五之子乃王無忌（黃玉郎、張萬有等著）。
《神兵玄奇F-清末篇》（黃玉郎作品，曹志豪主編，鍾英偉編劇）。
電子遊戲：
《侍魂》系列中王虎之設計原型被認為取材自大刀王五。
参考来源
書籍
梁启超《诗话》《饮冰室合集》第5册
梁启超《谭嗣同传》《饮冰室合集》第6册
外部链接
北京法源寺第八章大刀王五
W王
义和团人物
W王
W王
Z正
|
老年性阴道炎的疾病病因是什么?？因卵巢功能衰退，雌激素水平降低，阴道壁萎缩，粘膜变薄，上皮细胞内糖原含量减少，阴道内pH增高，局部抵抗力降低，致病菌容易入侵繁殖引起炎症。此外，手术切除双侧卵巢、卵巢功能早衰、盆腔放疗后、长期闭经、长期哺乳等均可引起本病发生。
|
弗雷讷（，）是法国科多尔省的一个市镇，属于蒙巴尔区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大區科多尔省，该省份为法国中东部省份，北起奥布省，西接涅夫勒省和约讷省，南至索恩-卢瓦尔省，东南接汝拉省，东临上索恩省，东北部与上马恩省接壤。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
科多尔省市镇列表
参考文献
科多尔省市镇
|
顺产分娩后多久能同房？分娩之后，如果没有选择母乳喂养，通常4到6周恢复月经，建议月经恢复之后再考虑同房，同时一定要采取有效的避孕措施，避免发生意外怀孕，让女性的身体得到充分的休息和调养。如果也是母乳喂养，月经恢复就会明显滞后，一般4到6个月才会恢复月经。一个月后会月经之前可以考虑同房，但是也必须要采取积极的避孕措施，避免意外怀孕的发生，因为排卵期不确定。产后夫妻同房的时间至少要在一个月以后，比较适合的时间是56天，在这个时间以后女性的子宫恢复到正常的状态。每个妈妈的情况都是不一样的，妈妈们要根据自己的情况来进行调整。不建议过早的同房，主要是由于子宫在怀孕期间是需要修复的，在1个月内如果同房，会对妈妈的身体有伤害的。妈妈产后的免疫力和抵抗力都是比较虚弱的，过早的同房不利于妈妈的身体恢复，还有可能会引起感染的发生。分娩后月经来潮的时间是不固定的。对于顺产多久来月经这个问题，是没有一个固定的时间的时间，早的可以在宝宝满月后月经就会来潮，晚了可能要在1年的时间月经才会来潮。一般来说，顺产的产妇在生产之后，如果产妇的身体状况比较好的话，产后恢复得也不错，而且哺乳的时间短，就会比较早一些，来月经大约是在5-6周后产妇就会恢复月经。如果产妇的身体素质不是很好，产后恢复的不够理想，而且哺乳的时间也比较长，月经就会恢复得相对晚一些，大约在产后的6-8个月。产后六周可以同房。产妇在分娩之后出院时，医生会告知禁性生活六周，注意纠正贫血，注意产后增加营养，注意母乳喂养。产后恶露，一般持续四周到六周，有血性恶露到浆液性恶露到白色恶露。量逐渐减少，颜色逐渐变浅。产后子宫附件，阴道恢复均需要六周左右时间，所以一般建议分娩后同房是在产后六周以后。哺乳期一般没有月经来潮，但伴有排卵存在，所以应该避孕。
|
子宫内膜癌阴道肺有转移症状能治好吗?？子宫内膜癌是发生于子宫内膜的一组上皮性恶性肿瘤，好发于围绝经期和绝经后女性。子宫内膜癌是最常见的女性生殖系统肿瘤之一，每年有接近二十万的新发病例，并是导致死亡的第三位常见妇科恶性肿瘤，那么子宫内膜癌阴道肺有转移症状能治好吗？下面为大家介绍。1、子宫内膜癌症出现转移，说明病情又进一步发展了。这个时候，手术或者化疗效果都不是很好，而且对身体伤害也比较大。建议采用科学的联合治疗方法，加以中医辅助治疗，对控制病情和消除病灶都有很好的作用。子宫内膜癌症的早期治疗很简单，我们在检查发现了这种病魔的时候，一定要在医生的建议和指导下选择正确的治疗方法，尽量的做到根除。中晚期治疗选择科学方法，也能控制病情和延缓生命期。只有这样我们才能真正的摆脱这种疾病。这个病并不可怕，可怕的是我们面对疾病的态度，我们一定要调整好自己，用积极向上的心来应对这种疾病。2、子宫内膜癌肺转移建议你用虫草、猪苓、明党参、桑寄生、青阳参、香菇、红豆蔻、桑白皮、杜仲、降香、茯苓、白术、八月札、知母、片姜黄、制南星、山萸肉、木瓜、仙茅、制半夏、补骨脂、独活、石菖蒲、仙鹤草、大蓟、山奈、枸杞子、薏苡仁、地榆、白前、丹皮、射干、当归、土鳖虫等配合治疗，见效快，疗效确切，这些药物配合使用能在短期内缩小肿块、控制转移扩散、减轻痛苦、稳定病情、延长生存期，提高生存质量，甚至达到临床治愈，有康复的可能。综上所述，子宫内膜癌阴道肺有转移症状能治好吗，传统中药配合使用可以有效控制癌细胞转移扩散，能够增强机体免疫功能以达到抑制癌细胞生长，增强机体免疫力，最终有可能达到战胜癌症的目的，并可以防止残存癌细胞卷土重来，防止复发转移。
|
三條圳，是臺灣彰化縣溪州鄉的一個地名，位於該鄉西部。相較於今日行政區，其範圍大致包括三條村、三圳村。
歷史
台灣清治末期至日治初期，三條圳地區為一街庄，稱為「三條圳庄」，隸屬於東螺西堡。該庄輪廓東西狹長，北邊西段及中段與溪墘厝庄、溪洲庄為鄰，北邊東段及東邊與圳藔庄為鄰，南邊為潮洋厝庄，西邊為水尾庄。。
1901年（日治明治三十四年）11月，全台廢縣廳改設二十廳，該庄隸屬於彰化廳。1903年（明治三十六年）6月，該庄編入「舊眉區」，隸屬於彰化廳。1909年（明治四十二年）10月，合併二十廳為十二廳，舊眉區改隸屬於臺中廳。1920年（大正九年），廢廳、支廳、區、街庄（舊制）改設州、郡、街庄（新制）、大字，該庄改制為「三條圳」大字，隸屬於臺中州北斗郡溪州庄。
戰後溪州庄改制為溪州鄉，隸屬於臺中縣，大字亦改制為村。1950年10月，中、彰、投分治，溪州鄉改隸屬彰化縣。
聚落
本地區發展較早的聚落為外潮洋厝、三條圳，在日治期初期的官方地圖上已有記載。此外，本地區尚有七戶聚落。
交通
國道1號又稱「中山高速公路」，是貫穿台灣西部的兩條縱向高速公路之一，大致以縱向經過三條圳地區西部。境內未設交流道，北側最近的是與省道台1線、縣道152號、鄉道彰183線、縣道150號均有連通的北斗交流道，南側最近的是位於濁水溪南岸省道台1線交會處的西螺交流道，由此等可快速前往國道1號沿線各地。
省道台1線（中山路二段～一段）又稱「縱貫公路」，是台北至屏東楓港的傳統平面幹道，大致以東北微北—西南微南走向經過本地區西北部邊界外不遠處。由該道路向東北微北可前往溪州市區、北斗、田尾、永靖等地，向西南微南轉南南東可前往西螺、莿桐、虎尾東北部、斗南等地。
鄉道彰101線（陸軍路）是北斗至潮洋厝的道路，大致以北微東—南微西走向經過本地區東部邊界地帶。由該道路向北微東可前往圳寮、圳寮與舊眉交界地帶、北勢寮東南端、西北斗、北勢寮東北部並止於省道台1線路口，向南微西可前往潮洋厝並止於濁水溪北岸堤防道路。
鄉道彰102線（三條圳聚落北側道路）是三條圳至潮洋厝的道路，其西側端點位於木地區北部邊界地帶的鄉道彰105線路口。由此向東北東轉東經溪墘厝東南端可前往溪州南部、圳寮中部偏西並止於鄉道彰101線路口。
鄉道彰103線（保安路）是東州至三條圳的道路，其南側端點位於本地區南部偏東的鄉道彰106線路口。由此向北北東轉北北西出境後可前往溪州並止於其東部邊界地帶的縣道152號舊線（登山路四段）。
鄉道彰105線（中央路二段、民生路）是溪洲至潮洋厝的道路，大致以北北東－南南西走向由本地區北部邊界中央偏西地帶入境後，轉東南再轉南微東蜿蜓而行，經鄉道彰106線路口後轉南以至出境。由該道路向北北東可前往溪墘厝東南部、溪州中部偏西並止於縣道152號路口，向南轉東可前往潮洋厝並止於鄉道彰101線路口。
鄉道彰106線（三西路、中央路一段）是水尾至竹圍子的道路，大致以西微南－東微北走向由本地區西部邊界入境後，蜿蜒穿越外潮洋厝聚落後，經國道1號涵洞、鄉道彰105線路口後轉西北－東南走向，經鄉道彰103線終點路口後續行，於本地區南部邊界東側出境。由該道路向西微南可前往水尾並止於省道台1線路口，向東南轉南可前往潮洋厝並止於鄉道彰105線路口。
學校
三條國小
水尾國小
參考文獻
溪州鄉
彰化縣地名
東螺西堡
北斗郡大字
|
Sebastian Döhrer (born ) is a German male track cyclist, riding for the national team. He competed in the sprint event at the 2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
References
External links
Profile at cyclingarchives.com
1985 births
Living people
German track cyclists
German male cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Suhl
Cyclists from Thuringia
People from Bezirk Suhl
21st-century German people
|
吉倫特省（，；），又称吉隆德省或纪龙德省，是法國新阿基坦大区所轄的省份，濱大西洋，以吉伦特河口命名。該省編號為33。
法国大革命时期的吉伦特派即以此地命名。
G
法国省份
|
请描述洋金花的基本信息？中药名 洋金花别名 曼罗花、蔓陀罗花、千叶蔓陀罗花、层台蔓陀罗花、山茄花、押不芦、胡茄花、大闹杨花、马兰花、风茄花、佛花、天茄弥陀花、洋大麻子花、关东大麻子花、虎茄花、风麻花、酒醉花、羊惊花、枫茄花、广东闹羊花、大嗽叭花。英文名 Hindu Datura Flower， Hairy Datura Flower，Datura Flower；Flos Daturae。原植物1.Datura metel L. （白曼陀罗）2.Datura innoxia Mill.（毛曼陀罗）拉丁药名1.Fols Daturae Metelis2.Flos Datrae Innoxiae药用部位 以植物的花入药。功效分类 平喘药；祛风药。附注 植物描述，详见词条：白曼陀罗、毛曼陀罗
|
路易一世（，），尼維爾伯爵，1280年至1322年在位。
家庭
1290年，路易一世與結婚，兩人共有1子1女：
（約1295年—1374年）
路易二世（1304年—1346年）
尼維爾伯爵
|
如果近视手术失败会有什么后果？日常生活中，大部分人群都有或高或低的近视程度，有的是因电子产品造成的，有的是因不良的习惯造成的，那么做近视手术失败后会有哪些后果，一起来了解一下。如果近视手术失败的话会对眼睛造成实质性的损害，会出现一些近视的并发症如青光眼、白内障等，严重的还会出现失明的状况，会严重影响患者的视力。近视眼在生活当中给我们造成了许多的不方便，近视眼大部分是由于不能够良好健康的用眼而导致的，还有一部分是由于遗传或者环境等问题导致的。后天性近视眼是可以通过近视眼手术进行治疗的。患者如果在手术后没有注意或者选择的医疗机构不够专业，容易导致后遗症发生。手术前进行详细的检查是预防后遗症的必要流程之一。激光矫正手术的安全性和医生的操作经验、设备有关。手术并不是零风险，主要要避免两个术后并发症。任何角膜做手术有伤口，就会有感染的机会。导致近视眼手术后遗症的出现，有些是角膜复原后伤口暴露在空气中，如果不注意卫生会造成发炎、感染。治疗近视是让角膜变平，但过于平的角膜会受到来自眼睛内部压力的挤压，使角膜往前隆起，这种压力人是感受不到的，但后果是不仅没有治疗近视反而会加重近视，甚至产生不可逆的散光。第一，导致近视眼手术后遗症的发生，有些是在手术前医院没有仔细筛选排除那些先天性眼病患者。第二，是虽然筛选出合格的患者，医生在手术操作时，手术尺度不合适。比如应该保留一定的角膜厚度，但有些医生想完全矫正高度近视患者的视力，将角膜削得过薄，导致不良后果。近视手术的朋友需注意一个月内尽量清淡点，避免过于辛辣油腻即可。周内眼睛不能进水，一到两周内尽量减少近距离用眼。控制使用电脑和电子产品的时间。
|
NHLA may be:
National Hispanic Leadership Agenda
National Hardwood Lumber Association
New Hampshire Liberty Alliance
New Hampshire Library Association, professional association for librarians in New Hampshire
|
北爱尔兰首席部长和副首席部长（First Minister and deputy First Minister）或譯作北愛爾蘭首席大臣和副首席大臣，是北爱尔兰具有相同地位的雙政府首长。根据《贝尔法斯特协议》，1998年成立北爱尔兰地方自治政府，首席部长和副首席部长由北爱尔兰议会选举共同产生，共同領導北爱尔兰的行政机关——北愛爾蘭行政委員會，並處理地方自治事务。2002年－2007年因北愛衝突，職位一度取消，由英國政府直接管治。
自設立以來，因聯合派政黨在北爱尔兰议会維持多數，因此首席部長一直由聯合派政黨出任，而副首部部長則為民族派政黨出任。但正副之分僅為名義上，其實二職權力相等，而且祇要其中一人辭職，另一人也隨即被免職，此安排旨在緩解兩派之間長期的衝突。
首席部長列表
副首席部长
参考文献
北爱尔兰政府
|
欧洲篮球锦标赛（，又名EuroBasket），简称欧锦-{}-赛、欧洲-{}-盃篮球赛，創辦於1935年 ，1947年起至今兩年舉辦一次。自2017年起將改為四年舉辦一次。
歷史
原南斯拉夫隊曾經是最成功的隊伍。
2017年開始成為奧運和世界盃的資格賽。原本2021年舉行的賽事受2020年夏季奧運會推遲到2021年影響，也隨之推後到2022年9月1日至18日。
歷屆賽事
比賽內容
獎牌榜
獎牌榜顯示如下，由FIBA網站所顯示。
其他
FIBA曾认为塞尔维亚国家男子篮球队继承南联盟（塞尔维亚与黑山）的历史成绩，但现在FIBA把南斯拉夫國家男子籃球隊和南联盟（塞尔维亚与黑山）的历史成绩合并，而塞尔维亚国家男子篮球队仅有2006年以后的成绩，下表是FIBA曾经的历史成绩统计表。
若承认塞尔维亚队与前南斯拉夫历史成绩的继承，排行榜如下：
另見
歐洲女子籃球錦標賽
類似比賽
亞洲盃籃球賽
参考资料
外部链接
欧洲篮球锦标赛
籃球
|
Nebraska Highway 29 is a highway in western Nebraska. It runs for . It has a southern terminus at U.S. Highway 26 in Mitchell and a northern terminus at U.S. Highway 20 in Harrison.
Route description
Nebraska Highway 29 begins in Mitchell at US 26. It proceeds north for to Agate and the Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, where the highway crosses the Niobrara River. It continues north, with a short westerly segment, to Harrison, where it meets US 20 and ends.
Major intersections
References
External links
The Nebraska Highways Page: Highways 1 to 30
029
Transportation in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
Transportation in Sioux County, Nebraska
|
Honky Tonk Angel may refer to:
Albums:
Honky Tonk Angel (Ellen McIlwaine album), a 1971 album by Ellen McIlwaine
Honky Tonk Angel (Conway Twitty album), a 1974 album by Conway Twitty
Honky Tonk Angel (Patty Loveless album), a 1988 album by Patty Loveless
Honky Tonk Angels, a 1993 country album by Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, and Tammy Wynette
Honky Tonk Angel, a 2009 album by the Topp Twins
Songs:
"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels", a 1952 country song
"There's a Honky Tonk Angel (Who'll Take Me Back In)", a 1974 song by Conway Twitty, later covered by Cliff Richard and Elvis Presley
|
宫颈锥切术后感染症状？宫颈锥切也叫宫颈锥形切除术术；子宫颈锥切；宫颈锥形切除术。禁忌症为急性生殖道炎症、性传播疾病、宫颈浸润癌、生殖道畸形，有血液病、严重出血倾向者。宫颈锥切术是一种妇产科切除子宫颈的手术。进行这种手术，一方面是为了作病理检查，可以确诊宫颈的病变；而另一方面也是切除病变的一种方法。宫颈锥切术后感染的症状有以下三种：第一种，手术后出血。手术后即时出血都是因为手术时止血不善。手术后继发性出血往往发生于手术后5～12天，多见于深部切除病变以及合并感染者。可根据出血的多寡采用纱布压迫、冷冻、电烧、重新缝合，偶尔需切除子宫。第二种，子宫穿孔或子宫颈穿孔。虽极为少见，但一发生可能要将子宫切除。手术后盆腔感染，需用抗生素。第三种，子宫颈狭窄。约有1～5%的发生率，宫颈粘连的发生率与病人年龄超过50岁及锥切深度超过2cm有关，病人可出现痛经、月经潴留、以致闭经或月经期出现棕色或黑色阴道点滴出血。宫颈粘连的病人可采用子宫颈扩张器扩张宫颈。以上是关于宫颈锥切术后感染的三种症状，术后一周就要使用一些药物稀释后冲洗阴道，也可以适当的使用抗生素来对抗感染，以减少创面感染的机会，而促进伤口尽快愈合，如果发生了术后感染一定要注意休息，不要过度操劳，不能剧烈运动，要让伤口有足够时间愈合，伤口愈合多半需要8-12周时间，要禁止性生活最少两三个月时间，给术后身体足够恢复时间比较好。注意饮食清淡，不要吃辛辣刺激性食物。
|
愈风宁心片成分或处方？葛根。
|
尤尼昂鎮區（）是位於美國愛荷華州奧布賴恩縣的一個行政鎮區。
地方資料
根據2010年美國人口普查的數據，尤尼昂鎮區的面積為93.13平方千米，當中陸地面積為92.96平方千米，而水域面積為0.17平方千米。當地共有人口1272人，而人口密度為每平方千米13.66人。
參考文獻
艾奧瓦州鎮區
奧布賴恩縣鎮區 (愛荷華州)
|
口臭是什么原因导致怎么治疗？口臭的发生常常让患者感到尴尬，同时也会让周围的人感到嫌弃，所以很多患有口臭的朋友非常想知道口臭的原因和治疗方法，口臭是什么原因引起的等一系列问题，这样可以帮助自己更好的治疗疾病。如果患者朋友有口臭，一定不可小视，很多时候大家认为口臭只是口腔没有清洁好所造成的，其实不然，很多疾病都可导致口臭的发生，甚至可隐藏严重疾病的发生，因此患者朋友务必提高重视，如果有口臭出现，最好到医院做一次全面的检查，查明病因后抓紧治疗。导致口臭发生的原因有很多，比如患者平时不爱刷牙，就会导致细菌残留在口腔当中，当细菌越来越多，就会导致臭味越来越大，也有一些患者的口臭则是由于严重系统疾病所导致的，通常情况来说，口臭的发生没有大家想的那么简单，因此一定要提高重视才行。有些患者出现口臭可能是由于牙龈炎、牙周炎或者细菌发酵分解等原因所导致的，有些则是由于牙髓坏死或者是化脓性牙髓炎等口腔疾病所导致的，有些患者则是由于肠胃问题所导致的，总之，造成口臭发生的原因有很多，患者朋友只有查明病因之后，才能清楚知道自己的口臭应该如何治疗。治疗口臭首先应该注意清洁口腔，患者每天至少刷牙两次，刷牙的过程中注意力度，避免过度用力给牙龈造成伤害，但也不要太轻柔，这样容易导致牙齿和口腔当中的细菌和分泌物不易被清洁干净，其次就是到医院查明病因，看看到底是口腔问题所造成的口臭，还是其他身体系统疾病所导致的，然后有针对性的进行治疗。还要调节好自己的饮食，注意饮食的清淡，多吃新鲜的水果和绿色蔬菜。对于辛辣的、油腻的、不容易消化的食物，就要少吃或者不吃，这样才能有效的治疗我们的口臭。
|
Tyspanodes hypsalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Warren in 1891. It is found in China, Korea and Taiwan.
The wingspan is 26–28 mm. The forewings are white, with the extreme base yellowish. The interspaces between the veins are marked with thick black lines. There are two subquadrate black spots in the cell and three more irregularly shaped towards the base. The hindwings are blackish, with the centre broadly whitish ochreous.
References
Moths described in 1891
Spilomelinae
|
盛丕华（），男，浙江镇海人，中國实业家，中華人民共和國成立后上海市首任副市长。
生平
盛丕華1882年3月29日出生于浙江省镇海县（现镇海区）骆驼桥一小店员家庭，家境贫寒。
曾历任上海物品证券交易所理事、证券部常务理事，中一银行董事，上海总商会会董，上元企业公司经理，红棉酒家董事长等职。抗日战争期间，积极支持上海的抗日救亡运动。抗日战争胜利后，参与发起成立中国民主建国会（简称“民建”）。第二次国共内战期间，上海各界代表组织赴南京向国民政府请愿，盛丕华是代表之一。1946年始，任民建常务理事。1949年被选举为第一届全国政协常务委员。
中華人民共和國成立后，盛丕华曾先后担任政务院财经委员会委员，华东军政委员会委员、副主席，上海市人民政府副市长，全国工商联副主任委员，全国人大代表，第一、二、三届全国政协常务委员。1952年10月，盛丕华当选为民建总会副主任委员。1955年4月、1960年2月，盛丕华先后分别当选为民建第一、二届中央副主任委员。1961年2月8日下午在上海病逝，享年79岁。
参考文献
Pi
Pi
寧波商幫
镇海区人 (宁波市)
中华民国大陆时期企业家
中華民國大陸時期政治人物
上海市人民政府副市长
上海市人民委员会副市长
第一届全国政协常务委员
第二届全国政协常务委员
第三届全国政协常务委员
中国民主建国会会员
中国民主建国会中央委员会副主任委员
葬于宋庆龄陵园
|
小儿甲状腺癌的病因是什么？(一)发病原因甲状腺癌发生的真正原因尚不清楚，大部分认为与以下因素有关:1.放射性物质影响 许多临床资料证实甲状腺癌的发生与接受放射性物质有关。Rtfetoff等报道100例病人有接受头颈部放射照射的病史，有7例发生癌。儿童甲状腺癌与头颈部接受放射照射有关系。Winship报道，从接受放射物质到诊断甲状腺癌平均间隔8.5年，范围3.5～14年，接受剂量为1.4～26Gy即(140～2600rad)平均为5.12Gy(即512rad)，甲状腺癌发生率增高。近来认为甲状腺癌与HLA-DR7有关。放射损害，已经证明头颈部外放射是甲状腺的重要致癌因素，特别是儿童。国外有人收集到602例15岁以下儿童甲状腺癌，其中有放射史者286例，占47.68%，80%是在婴幼儿时期曾接受头颈部放射治疗。成人颈部放射治疗后发生甲状腺癌的机会并不多。2.长期过量的TSH刺激 过量的TSH长期刺激可使敏感的甲状腺上皮发生癌变，使肿瘤发展即使非常低量的131I(1～5Ci)或X线1～5Gy(100～500rad)通过TSH升高导致癌的发生。临床上也见到先天性甲低及结节性甲低没有及时治疗，最终恶性变成为甲状腺癌。内分泌紊乱，甲状腺乳头状腺癌和促甲状腺激素关系密切，有人认为促甲状腺激素(TSH)长期刺激，能促使甲状腺增生，形成结节，再恶变成癌。3.遗传因素 甲状腺癌的发生可能与遗传因素有关，此现象在甲状腺髓样癌患者较为突出。5%～10%的髓样癌患者具有阳性家族史。4.碘的摄入异常 碘是人体的必需元素，但在碘不足或过量时，都会使甲状腺的形态结构和功能发生改变。有文献表明，在地方甲状腺肿流行区，甲状腺癌的发病率高，高碘饮食可能也易于诱发甲状腺癌。(二)发病机制儿童甲状腺癌的绝大多数为分化型的甲状腺癌。其中乳头状癌占80%，滤泡状甲状腺癌占10%，髓样癌少见，约占5%，甲状腺未分化癌极少见于儿童，30～50%为多中心灶。偶尔可见特殊的病理类型，如甲状腺纤维肉瘤和甲状腺脂肪肉瘤。1.乳头状癌 见于各种年龄，为低度恶性癌，生长慢。儿童甲状腺癌最常见为乳头状癌。细胞分化良好，呈柱状，癌体多位于甲状腺实体中间，有包膜，后期可侵犯周围组织，发生局部性转移或颈淋巴结转移,血行转移多至肺或脑组织。病人多因肿大的颈淋巴结(转移性癌)前来就诊，此时甲状腺内的原发性癌肿可不显著。2.滤泡细胞癌 滤泡状癌仅次于乳头状癌，滤泡细胞膜较厚，核分裂多见，趋向于经血流转移，淋巴转移少见，故多见远处转移，而颈淋巴结转移不多见，多转移至肺或骨骼，有时在临床上以骨折而就诊。多见于中、老年者, 其恶性程度低的，其在甲状腺内的癌可相似于一般的腺瘤，历经10～20年而不发生转移。3.未分化癌 未分化癌儿童少见，15岁前尚未见报道, 主要见于老年。细胞及胞核大小不等，形态不一有大量核分裂，短期内发生严重的局部浸润。常为一侧甲状腺块物，无压痛，表面不规则，坚硬，并且固定不动，边界不清楚。恶性程度高，生长快，常浸润至邻近颈部结构，并向颈淋巴结、肺、骨等处转移。4.髓样癌(又称滤泡旁细胞癌) 临床上罕见。病理由成团的空泡状核的大细胞组成。起源于甲状腺组织内的C细胞。见于各种年龄(5～80岁)，较小的肿瘤几乎总是位于一叶的上后部分。此癌好发生钙化，其他甲状腺肿瘤如发生钙化，往往在X线片上显影浅淡，但均匀，髓样癌的钙化与之不同，则以浓密和不均匀分布为特征。此外，测到血清降钙素升高，有助诊断。
|
1980年中華民國監察委員選舉於1980年12月27日舉行，為中華民國第一屆監察院第二次增額監察委員選舉。是次選舉於自由地區舉行，共有32名名額（含10名總統遴選之海外僑選監委）。
選務
是次增額監察委員選舉原定於1978年12月27日舉行，選舉則如同上屆增額監察委員選舉一樣，改選臺北市及臺灣省的增額監察委員名額（增額監察委員並非終身職，設六年任期制）。然則，由於該年中華民國與美國斷交，時任總統蔣經國依據《動員戡亂時期臨時條款》第一項規定發佈緊急處分令，叫停增額國民代表、監察委員及立法委員選舉，因此選舉停止辦理。
至1980年，因政治形勢好轉，總統與行政院會議決議，恢復舉辦增額民意代表選舉。同時，由於省轄高雄市在1979年升格為直轄市，因此受惠於選期延遲，在是次選舉中獨立分區選出監察委員。
是次增額監察委員選舉根據《動員戡亂時期自由地區增加中央民意代表名額辦法》第八條規定，增額監察委員的名額如下：
臺北市：應選5人，婦女保障名額1人，臺北市議會議員身份當選者以1人為限。
高雄市：應選5人，婦女保障名額1人，高雄市議會議員身份當選者以1人為限。
臺灣省：應選12人，婦女保障名額1人，臺灣省議會議員身份當選者以2人為限。
至於僑居海外國民選區方面，不設選舉制度，由遴選工作委員會在各區設立遴報小組，在有意參加遴選的海外華僑中選擇出當選者。而中東地區因情況特殊，在當地設置聯絡人直接與遴選工作委員會聯絡，辦理遴選事務。遴選工作於8月1日至10月15日舉行，其後在10月16日至11月30日間審理最終人選，12月1日至7日將名單上呈至總統審閱。
第一區：東北亞地區，選出一人
第二區：港澳地區，選出一人
第三區：亞洲其他地區，選出一人
第四區：北美洲地區，選出一人
第五區：中南美洲地區，選出一人
第六區：歐洲地區，選出一人
第七區：非洲地區，選出一人
第八區：大洋洲地區，選出一人
不分區：選出兩人
舉行
是次選舉於1980年12月2日至11日間接受候選人登記，經過選舉委員會審定後，臺灣省29人獲確定參選資格、9人撤回登記或資格無效；臺北市13人獲確定參選資格、5人撤回登記或資格無效；高雄市11人獲確定參選資格、2人撤回登記或資格無效。
選舉於1980年12月27日早上9時至11時，在臺灣省議會、臺北市議會及高雄市議會議場舉行，選舉的選舉人為臺灣省議會、臺北市議會及高雄市議會議員。
至於僑居海外國民選區方面，參與遴選的海外華僑共有75人，當中日本5人；韓國5人；港澳9人；泰國、越南、柬埔寨及老撾2人；菲律賓5人；新加坡、馬來西亞、印度及緬甸4人；印尼1人；中東1人；北美洲19人；中南美洲6人；歐洲8人；非洲7人；大洋洲3人。遴選工作委員會在各地上報人選後，召開全體委員審查會議五次審定人員名單後，在三次全體委員會詳細討論後，於12月1日將最終審定名單上呈至總統審閱。
得票統計
臺北市
高雄市
臺灣省
僑選監委遴選名單
第一區（東北亞地區）：李海天（）
第二區（港澳地區）：梁瑞英（）
第三區（亞洲其他地區）：馬經武（）
第四區（北美洲）：梅培德（）
第五區（中南美洲）：陳華權（）
第六區（歐洲）：張大勇（）
第七區（非洲）：嚴諾（）
第八區（大洋洲）：曾積（）
不分區：王爵榮（）、張敦華（）
後續
由於選民特定，人數又少，向來賄賂公行。一張票的行情從數百萬到千萬元都有。當時黨外省議員周滄淵建議美麗島辯護律師尤清參選，挑戰不可能任務。拜訪邱連輝、余陳月瑛、蔡介雄、傅文政等省議員。投票前一天，余登發交代女兒黃余秀鸞、媳婦余陳月瑛，務必將答應投票的省議員——周滄淵、傅文政、何春木、邱連輝帶去日月潭，租旅館藏身，投票前再帶出來。「不然，半夜國民黨就抓光，買光了」引起邱連輝反對，並說「威脅利誘這一關都過不了，臺灣人怎麼能出頭天？各人回會館睡。」當天晚上，尤清就看到警總的將軍帶著007手提箱到省議會會館拜訪邱連輝，並怒氣沖沖離去，口中念念有詞：「他媽的，不要錢跟不要命的，我從來沒看過。」尤清問邱：「你們吵架嗎？為什麼他說不要錢不要命？」邱連輝說，那將軍烙下狠話威脅他：「你記住，美麗島事件還沒有結案！」最終尤清沒花半毛錢當上監委，以三十八歲之姿與平均八十三歲的老監委當選。
是次選舉為黨外勢力首度有候選人當選監察委員的選舉。當中，當時黨外共有11席省議員，但由於多數人認為只需五票便能當選監察委員，因此出現「跑票」的情況，尤清以僅僅五票的結果驚險地當選。而臺北市選區方面，黨外臺北市市議員林文郎則憑藉政治游說技巧，成功令姐姐林純子獲9票意外當選監委。而資深「黨外議長」，臺灣省議員蔡介雄則自行推出在政界名不見經傳、與黨外毫無淵源的周哲宇參選。高雄市方面，則有林瓊瑤之女林孟貴（黨外身份參政），以婦女保障名額當選。
據周哲宇稱，他決定參選監委時尤清態度尚未表態，因此他尋求蔡介雄的支持。蔡介雄質問周哲宇的政治立場，周哲宇說以前他是國民黨，後來雖然他沒宣布脫黨，但早就不參加國民黨的活動了。蔡介雄聽完周的話，就要他發誓當選後決不跟國民黨往來，忠實執行監委職務。在周哲宇發毒誓後，獲蔡介雄支持。後來尤清決定參加監委選舉，當時黨外在國民黨配票下，難以產生二席監委。周哲宇跟蔡介雄表示如果無法讓兩人當選，他自己決定選擇一人就可以了。最後蔡介雄推出她妹蔡清美參選，使國民黨無法以一票就讓國民黨推出的郭吳合巧就以婦女保障名額當選，剩餘的票可分給其他國民黨支持的候選人。而由於國民黨不清楚蔡介雄掌握多少票，只好多配給郭吳合巧票。開票結果，使得周哲宇與尤清雙雙當選監委。
是次增額監察委員選舉被指控出現嚴重的賄選情況，當中林榮三曾被多份報章指出其賄選的行徑，黨外省議員何春木的兒子何敏誠在受訪時更指出「林姓監察委員候選人」試圖以一千萬元賄賂其父，但被何春木即時回絕。而時任省政記者王伯仁亦指出，競選臺灣省12個增額監委名額的國民黨黨員，一共收集了三億新台幣作為賄款。
參考資料
公告
腳註
監察院監察委員選舉
1980年選舉
1980年12月
1980年台灣
1980年代台灣選舉
|
Jayson Thompson, who goes by the stage name Jay Munly or Munly, is an American singer, songwriter and musician based in Denver, Colorado. He is known for his role in the development of the Denver Sound, which is music that mixes elements of country, gothic, folk and gospel native to that city. He is a member of Slim Cessna's Auto Club, Munly and the Lupercalians, and The Denver Broncos UK (DBUK). He was a founding member of Munly and the Lee Lewis Harlots, active from 2000 to 2007. He was also a member of The Road Home in 2015.
Early life
Munly was born to Ohio natives Bruce A. Thompson and Geraldine Ann Manley. His father was an exploration geologist and the founder of Skull Creek Oil. He describes his childhood as being raised in a "stereotypical Catholic" upper-middle class household. He spent parts of his childhood in Quebec, Canada, Colorado, and Ohio. His family had summer retreats in Ellsworth, Ohio. He also played ice hockey.
Munly's interest in music began in childhood, while he was recovering from an ice hockey injury. He also had some familial ties: his father and grandfather owned and played banjos, and his father also made a dulcimer for his mother as a gift, although she did not play it. While recuperating from said injury, Munly taught himself how to play his father's 19th century-era banjo, which was technically off-limits to handle, although his mother knew what was going on. She eventually bought him a guitar which he taught himself to play as well. He played both instruments in the same fashion and only played his own songs.
When he was older, presumably in his 20s, he moved to Boulder, Colorado before eventually moving to Denver. In a 2009 interview, he said that he identifies more with being an American from Denver than with being a Canadian from Quebec. Prior to becoming a musician, it has been rumored that Munly worked as a summer camp counselor and as a record store clerk. According to an interview with good friend Andrew Murphy of Smooch Records, he may have worked at "Albums on the Hill" in Boulder, Colorado, since that is where Murphy and Munly first met and where Munly helped him get a job.
In the late 1990s, he attended Columbia University in Manhattan, New York, where he earned a Master's degree in Modern English Literature.
Solo career
Munly started out his music career in the 1990s. He had toured with The Reejers before releasing his first album. He also shared a 7-inch vinyl album with Roger Manning, though the song featured on the record is unknown. However, he does appear on a 1998 cassette by Joe Folk & the Soho Valley Boys, a Manning side-project, titled "Chyeah". He performed a spoken-word piece on Side 2, Track 11: "Bohemia Blues/ Poetic Hwy Vision #63/ Starry Eyed Blues".
He has worked with several musicians that are featured on his albums, such as John Ellison of The Reejers and Chris Mars of The Replacements. However, he makes a point of not listing the exact musical contributions of each member in liner notes, preferring the simplicity of the 'Modern Library book' aesthetic.
Although Munly is the primary vocalist and lyricist on each of his albums, he hesitated to call himself a "singer-songwriter":
He was signed to What Are Records? and released his debut solo album, Blurry, in 1996 through Top Notch, an imprint of W.A.R. Munly de Dar He and Galvanized Yankee were also released through Top Notch in 1997 and 1999, respectively. His fourth and final solo album, Jimmy Carter Syndrome, was released through Smooch Records in 2002.
Blurry
Blurry is Munly's debut studio album. It was released through Top Notch, an imprint of W.A.R., on February 6, 1996. It is the only album of his which incorporates elements of pop music rather than the sounds and lyrics of alternative country that he is mainly known for.
The album was originally titled "Blurry Polaroids", but Munly was forced to shorten the name by the Polaroid Corporation.
John Ellison, Rob Dread, and Craig Winzelberg performed on this album. Munly provided vocals and guitar and Ellison performed on bass. The exact contributions of Dread and Winzelberg are unknown.
The album was re-mastered by producer Bob Ferbrache at Absinthe Studios in Denver. It was given a limited-edition re-release, with new cover art and an updated track listing, through Smooch Records on June 27, 2006. Only 1,000 copies were printed due to "licensing restrictions."
Little is known about how the album was received by critics. However, there were apparently a few songs that reached popularity in Perth, Australia.
The first track, "Virgin of Manhattan", was used during a sex scene on an episode of the television series Melrose Place.
The second track, "Baptists & Barbiturates", was featured on a 1996 compilation album titled More Than Mountains: A Benefit For Colorado Conservation, released by W.A.R.
Munly de Dar He
Munly de Dar He (or de Dar He) is his second studio album, released on November 15, 1997. It was distributed through Top Notch Records, an imprint of W.A.R. Musically, this album features a more robust instrumental backing than his previous effort, Blurry. A variety of instruments are used: strings such as the banjo, cello, and violin, horns such as the tuba and trumpet, as well as others, such as the accordion and various forms of percussion.
Munly collaborated with musicians Nick Urata (of later DeVotchKa fame), Matthew Brown, Michael Crow, Tom Echols, and Channing Lewis to form the 'de Dar He' band. However, the exact contributions of each member are unknown. The album was recorded "in an abandoned semi-trailer" in Denver, Colorado.
Following a move from Denver, Colorado to Austin, Texas in 1997, the band appeared on the MTV sitcom "Austin Stories". Members Crow and Lewis quit shortly thereafter, leading the band to split up permanently.
The album was re-mastered by Bob Ferbrache at Absinthe Studios in Denver. It was given a limited-edition re-release through Smooch Records on July 18, 2006. Only 1,000 copies were printed due to "licensing restrictions."
Little is known about how the album was received by critics. However, in 1998, Michael Roberts of Westword rated the album as one of the best to be released by Colorado locals in 1997:
Galvanized Yankee
Galvanized Yankee is Munly's third studio album, released on January 5, 1999. It was distributed by Top Notch Records, an imprint of W.A.R. This is the first album that leans into the alternative country genre that he is known for. Reviewer Jeremy Salmon of AllMusic looks at the album as a "compendium of tales" – a concept album loosely held together by the theme of war. In fact, the album title "Galvanized Yankee" is a historical term that dates to the American Civil War era. (Munly, with his father, shared an interest in this period of American history, which may have heavily influenced this album.) Many of the songs deal with life, death, and religion and are laden with images of "desolate farmlands, of Hollywood ghost towns, of deserted battlefields, filled with corpses and the detritus of war."
The album mostly contains covers of traditional American songs, many from the Civil War era. It also contains a live version of "Virgin of Manhattan" featuring actor Patrick Stewart and a recorded radio advertisement for "Math Made Easy", a math tutoring program for children.
The album was recorded in New York, between 1998 and 1999, while Munly was attending Columbia University. Performance credits include: W.H. Auden, William Bowen, Monica Dreidemie, Dan Joeright, Joseph Lesage, M. Outland, Patrick Stewart, and Rob Wilson. The guitar, mandolin, and fiddle are the most prominent instruments on the album.
The album was re-mastered by Bob Ferbrache and re-released by Smooch Records on February 13, 2007.
Jimmy Carter Syndrome
Jimmy Carter Syndrome is Munly's fourth and final solo studio album, released in 2002. This was the first album to be distributed through Smooch Records.
He asserts that prizefighter Gerry Cooney was his babysitter as a child. The song "Cooney vs. Munly" on Jimmy Carter Syndrome (2002) was written as a tribute to him. In fact, the Jimmy Carter Syndrome album may have been named as such (in part) due to the way both he and former U.S. president Jimmy Carter were brought up: "We grew up similarly...he had a nanny who sort of raised him. I was in that situation, more than my parents raising me. So there are some similarities."
The song "Spill the Wine" was featured on Tyr: Myth-Culture-Tradition, Vol. 2 in 2004.
Bands
Slim Cessna's Auto Club
Munly joined Slim Cessna's Auto Club in 1998, around the same time as Lord Dwight Pentacost, after being friends with Slim Cessna for a few years. This was during the time that Munly was recording Galvanized Yankee in New York. Part of the reason he agreed to join was that he liked how the band was operated by existing members. Since then, he has been the band's primary songwriter and shares frontman/vocalist duties with Cessna. Always Say Please and Thank You (2000) is the first SCAC album that Munly appears on.
The satirical song "SCAC 101" on Cipher (2008) alludes to how Munly came to join the band.
Munly and Slim Cessna were featured in a segment of "Seven Signs: Music, Myth, and the American South" (2008), a film by JD Wilkes of Th' Legendary Shack Shakers. Munly recited the original story titled "Döder Made Me Do It" and joined Slim in performing "Children of the Lord" by Slim Cessna's Auto Club.
Munly and The Lee Lewis Harlots
'Munly and the Lee Lewis Harlots' was a six-piece gothic country band with mostly stringed instruments. According to a Munly fansite, the band was active between 2000 and 2006. However, there are concert videos on YouTube that were recorded in February 2007. They also made an appearance at Westword's Denver Music Showcase in June 2007.
Besides Munly (vocals, banjo, guitar), the original 'Lee Lewis Harlots' were: Elin Palmer (violin, nyckelharpa, string arrangements), Frieda Stalheim (violin), and Rebecca Vera (cello). Paul Bradley (upright bass), and Jeff Linsenmaier (drums) were later additions. Jay Shewman replaced Paul Bradley on bass some time in 2007. Some members have also contributed backing vocals.
According to the band's former MySpace page, Munly and Vera met Palmer in 2000, on the set of the "Clogger" music video by 16 Horsepower. Palmer brought in violinist Stalheim, her best friend at the time, then brought in drummer Linsenmaier after meeting him on a European tour with 16 Horsepower and The Czars. Bassist Bradley randomly showed up to a practice with his instrument, ready to play.
In July 2006, Munly and the Lee Lewis Harlots was voted the best band in Colorado by over 100 music experts in the Denver Post Underground Music Poll.
Their only album, Munly & The Lee Lewis Harlots, has received much critical acclaim. The original album was initially released in August 2004 through Alternative Tentacles. A combined CD/DVD double-album was released in October 2004 as a joint release between Alternative Tentacles and Smooch Records. It came with additional features such as: the original album in surround sound, three additional bonus tracks, lyrics read by Munly, and photos of the band. Of the three bonus tracks, only one is a previously unreleased Harlots track: "Rufus Wainwright, I'm Coming After You". The album was re-released on vinyl in August 2013 through the label Pesanta Urfolk. It contained a booklet of lyrics and updated cover art by Benjamin A. Vierling.
They recorded a version of "Everyone Is Guilty #2" for the Smooch Records compilation album, Crossbreeding Begins At Home (2004). It would later become an 'Auto Club' song, released on Cipher in 2008.
"Amen Corner", from their self-titled record, was featured on another Smooch Records compilation, Radio 1190: Local Shakedown, Vol. 2 (2004), and "Old Service Road" was featured on the Alternative Tentacles compilation album, Sonic Terror Surge 2007.
Munly and The Lupercalians
'Munly and the Lupercalians' is Munly's second side project, which was started around 2006–2007. The original lineup of the band included many, if not all, members of the Lee Lewis Harlots. The current lineup contains most of the current members of Slim Cessna's Auto Club: Munly, Slim Cessna, Lord Dwight Pentacost, Rebecca Vera, and Andrew Warner. On stage, each band member, except for Munly, wears a costume that identifies them as a member of the fictional town of 'Lupercalia.'
The goal is to produce a multi-album set tentatively titled The Kinnery Of Lupercalia, which is all about the town and its colorful residents. Its residents have been described as "families who interact with each other" and Lupercalia as an "imagined community of Legions & clans where we are not sure who is a deity and who is not."
Although an unauthorized demo album was released in 2009, the first official album by the band, Petr & the Wulf, was released in October 2010 through Alternative Tentacles. It was re-released through their own independent record label, SCAC Unincorporated, around 2015. The work is loosely based on the Peter and the Wolf composition by Sergei Prokofiev, and is said to be a prequel to the stories of Lupercalia told over a span of four albums.
The song "Grandfater" was featured on the Smooch Records compilation album Radio 1190: Local Shakedown, Vol. 3 (2009) and on Rodentagogue: The Best of Dark Roots Music Volume II, released by Devil's Ruin Music in 2010.
In September 2019, BandWagon Magazine reported that the Lupercalians were recording a new album, although most of it was actually already written in 2012, perhaps earlier. According to an interview with the Denver Post, 36 songs were written as of 2006.
In February 2020, Westword announced that the new album would be titled Kinnery of Lupercalia: Undelivered Legion and would be released in the latter half of 2020, most likely through SCAC Unincorporated Records, although the release date was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
On March 24, 2022, the band posted the vinyl album cover art for Kinnery of Lupercalia: Undelivered Legion and announced that it would be available to pre-order until the official release date of May 13, 2022. The first single, "Ahmen", was released on March 21, 2022.
The band also stated that this would be the only KOL album recorded by them; the other two will be recorded and released by Slim Cessna's Auto Club and DBUK.
Denver Broncos UK
The Denver Broncos UK is an experimental folk quartet that began touring together in 2012. They are now commonly referred to as DBUK in order to dispel any notion that they are connected to the Denver Broncos football team or the Bronco's fanbase in the United Kingdom.
The band formed in 2006 with just Munly, Lord Dwight Pentacost, and Slim Cessna; Rebecca Vera joined later on. All members contribute vocals and all members except Munly play some sort of percussion. In addition, Munly plays the guitar, Rebecca plays the cello and keys, and Dwight plays autoharp, melodica, and banjo.
Their debut full-length album, Songs One Through Eight was released in March 2015 by their own label, SCACUNINCORPORATED. A few songs that appear on the album are original recordings from 2006 and 2007, which do not include Rebecca. Songs Nine Through Sixteen was released in October 2019, also on their own record label. A double-album titled Songs One Through Sixteen was released in November 2018 through the European record label Glitterhouse Records.
Their cover of "Top Yourself" by The Raconteurs is included on the album Rockin' Legends Pay Tribute to Jack White, released in November 2013.
In December 2020, DBUK covered "The Safety Dance" by Men Without Hats for Wheelerfest 2020, a two-day virtual musical event which hosted by musician Sean Wheeler and broadcast from Mexico City, Mexico. Each band created one or more videos to contribute with a "freak show" theme. In DBUK's video, Munly sat outside on a chair, wearing a black hat, clothing, and a non-surgical cloth mask. He held a "dummy" baby doll in his arms and manually moved the doll's mouth to the lyrics. There were computerized graphics interspersed between. An official recording of the song has not been released.
The Road Home
Munly joined "Scott Kelly and The Road Home" in 2015, a side project formed by Scott Kelly and Noah Landis of Neurosis. The band was renamed "The Road Home" after Greg Dale's departure.
He performed a small number of shows in the west and southwest parts of the United States in January and February 2015, which included California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. He contributed vocals and autoharp to live performances.
He recorded only one song with The Road Home, which was the single "The Forgiven Ghost in Me."
Other collaborations
He has also been included on a few compilation albums. One of his first songs, "tY" appeared on a compilation album of Colorado artists in 1995, titled Shmowballs, released through the record label Sh-mow.
W.A.R. Records released the album More Than Mountains: A Benefit For Colorado Conservation in September 1996, where Munly made two appearances – one as a member of Slim Cessna's Auto Club, and the other with The Winebottles, on the track "Sasquatch".
In 2000, Smooch Records released Radio 1190: Local Shakedown, Vol. 1, which featured his live version of the poem/rhyme "The Gashlycrumb Tinies" by Edward Gorey set to music. It was also on Crossbreeding Begins at Home, another Smooch Records compilation album, which received a limited release of 200 copies in January 2004.
Other ventures
Writing
Besides being the primary songwriter in all of his bands, he is also an accomplished author and playwright.
Munly's most recent publication is a collection of short stories titled "Confessions to Scare...". Each story in the collection is given by a member of the fictional town of Lupercalia. Two editions have been released. The first edition, limited to 200 printed copies and only released in the United States, was published by Devil's Jump Press in August 2021. The second edition, expanded to 1,000 printed copies and released worldwide, was published by SCACUNINCWORDS in December 2021. SCACUNINCWORDS is a publishing house formed by the SCACUNINCORPORATED record label, in partnership with Devil's Jump Press.
His first book, "Ten Songs With No Music", was released in 2001 by Maude O.K. Publishing. It is currently out of print. Running 213 pages in length, it is a collection of stories based on characters featured in some of his songs. Each chapter shares a title with a song from either Munly's solo efforts or from "Always Say Please and Thank You" by Slim Cessna's Auto Club.
One of those stories, "Cattle, I Will Hang" was made into a short black-and-white film, directed and produced by Munly with Rebecca Vera. It is the story of which the song on Jimmy Carter Syndrome is based and runs approximately 36 minutes in length. Munly narrates and voices all four characters in the story, while making a few in-person appearances as well.
According to one fan on the website guestbook of Slim Cessna's Auto Club, another one of Munly's books may be titled "Life on a Limb". The comment was made in 2004, and although no other information can be found regarding the title, Munly confirmed that he was in the midst of writing a second book in an interview with Kaffeine Buzz in 2005.
In a 1995 interview with Westword, Munly said that he also wrote some children's stories that had been published.
In 2006, he was asked to contribute to the Copper Nickel literary magazine of the University of Colorado in Denver. His story was titled "A Re-Birth Certificate."
Munly has also written some plays for which he has won the Southern Heritage and Young North American Playwright awards. Two of them reportedly have been in production.
Acting
Munly went to college to pursue an acting degree for one semester before transferring to Columbia University. During that time, he had done some voice work and appeared in a commercial for a hot dog brand. According to his profile on ACX, he has been in a variety of small productions onstage and in film.
In 2000, he appeared in the music video for "Clogger" by 16 Horsepower as "The Clogger" himself, clogging (or clog dancing) on stage. Former 'Harlots' Elin Palmer and Rebecca Vera also appear in the video, as does former 'Auto Club' member Bob Ferbrache. Vera and Ferbrache are seen in the audience, while Palmer plays the xylophone on stage with the band.
In 2012, Munly was personally contacted by Shooter Jennings to participate in his short film, The Other Life, directed by Blake Judd in Kentucky. He appears as a mortician. He also narrates the beginning of Jennings' music video for "Gunslinger" off of the album "The Other Life".
Artistry
Songwriting
Munly is the chief songwriter for both his solo endeavors and side projects. It is a role that he is happy to take on by himself, believing that a band's success is dependent on playing to individual strengths rather than collaboration with members on each part of an album's creation. He also says that he is "selfish" with his written material and serious about lyrical preservation.
He expanded on his way of songwriting in a 2019 interview with Sadwave, a Russian publication:
Musical style
His music has ties to alt-country and Gothic-Americana. Common themes include religion, violence and dysfunctional relationships; often they are intertwined. His increasingly narrative songs often feature banjo and, since the recording of his fourth album, Jimmy Carter Syndrome, strings.
One topic that Munly deliberately does not write about is politics, since he "hates" music that veers into that kind of territory. However, he admits that the stories and songs that he writes can be applied to real-world events in a way that coincidentally fits.
Vocals
Technically, Munly is a baritone, but his vocal range extends from A1 to F5. Audio samples can be found on YouTube.
Early on in his solo career, he sang at a higher register than what is typically heard on his later records.
On the expanded DVDs of Munly & The Lee Lewis Harlots (2004) and The Commandments According to SCAC (2016), Munly read the lyrics of each song as poetry, employing a wide range of voices to the characters in his songs.
Personal life
Munly has a sister and two brothers.
Munly has been in a long-term relationship with musician Rebecca Vera since 2004. Vera is active in Munly's solo and band projects as both a backup vocalist and musician. They live in Denver.
Following in his father's footsteps, Munly is a Freemason of the thirty-second degree.
Discography
Solo albums
Blurry (1996)
Munly de Dar He (1997)
Galvanized Yankee (1999)
Jimmy Carter Syndrome (2002)
as Munly and the Lee Lewis Harlots
Munly & The Lee Lewis Harlots (2004)
as Munly and the Lupercalians
Petr & the Wulf (2010)
Kinnery of Lupercalia: Undelivered Legion (2022)
with Denver Broncos UK (DBUK)
Songs One Through Eight (2015)
Songs One Through Sixteen (2018)
Songs Nine Through Sixteen (2019)
with The Road Home
"The Forgiven Ghost In Me" (2015)
Notes
References
Further reading
Johnson, Aaron Loki (January 29, 2015). "Yes, there is a 'Denver Sound,' and here's a brief history". Colorado Public Radio. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020.
Bradley, Lisa M. (August 2012). "A Crack in Its Speak: Fantastic Birds in the Gothic Country Lyrics of Jay Munly". Stone Telling (Issue No. 8).
Rios, Julia (August 2012). "Stone Telling Roundtable: Multiple Perceptions". Stone Telling (Issue No. 8).
External links
– links to Munly's side projects
American alternative country singers
Gothic country musicians
Musicians from Denver
Living people
Alternative Tentacles artists
Singers from Denver
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
桑帕冰原島峰（）是南極洲的冰原島峰，位於奧次地，屬於烏薩爾普山脈的一部分，該島峰以美國海軍的無線電操作員命名，現時由南極條約體系管理。
奧次地冰原島峰
|
越南共和國副總統（）是越南共和國（南越）在1956年至1963年以及1967年至1975年期間的副國家元首頭銜。
歷任副總統
参见
越南共和國總統
南越领导人列表
参考文献
Vietnam
|
小行星7975（）是一颗围绕太阳公转的小行星。1974年3月22日，在Cerro El Roble发现了此天体。
这颗小行星的绝对星等为272.17434等。
参考文献
小行星带天体
1974年发现的小行星
|
“尼克松在中国”或“尼克松到中國”（或）是美国的政治譬喻，源于美国总统理查德·尼克松1972年访问中华人民共和国之行。现常用来比喻某政治人物因拥有广泛的支持和雄厚的政治资本，可以采取一般政治人物所不愿或不敢采取的高风险、代价大的政治行动。尼克松由于其一贯的强硬反共立场，在美国右翼拥有强大的支持，所以可以展开对华外交而不受媚共的指责。若换上一个左翼温和人士，则断然没有资本采取同样的行动。所以此短语有时也被说成“只有尼克松才可以去中国”（)，或“去中国的必须是尼克松”（)。
参考文献
政治短语
中华人民共和国—美国关系史
理查德·尼克松
美国政治术语
政治隐喻
|
隐睾手术有哪些风险？隐睾为先天性阴囊内没有睾丸，它包括睾丸下降不全、睾丸异位和睾丸缺如。睾丸下降不全系指出生后睾丸未降至阴囊底部而停留在下降途中的某一部位，包括停留在腹腔内者。临床上常将睾丸下降不全称为隐睾。睾丸异位是睾丸离开正常下降途径、到达会阴部、股部、耻骨上、甚至对侧阴囊内。一般来说，新生儿隐睾的情况还是多见的，但是生后可以继续下降，不能继续下降者，需要药物治疗或者睾丸固定术，一般来说2岁前手术是最佳时期。隐睾手术主要的风险和并发症是：术中及术后出血：术中可出现精索血管及髂血管的损伤，引起术中出血，术后也可因止血不彻底而继发出血，术中患侧睾丸无法降入阴囊内，或术后回缩：由于患侧睾丸发育异常，位置较高，术中即使充分游离精索仍不能降入阴囊内，或术后张力较高回缩可能，术后切口感染，术后切口愈合较差，继发感染的可能。睾丸的自发下降在出生后3个月内即可完成。睾丸未降的决定性治疗应在出生后6～12个月间完成，此时间是行睾丸下降固定术的最佳时间。对于出生后6个月，睾丸仍未下降至阴囊者，应及早手术。对于青春期隐睾患者，一经发现及时行睾丸下降固定术，术中如发现睾丸已萎缩或不能下降引入阴囊，必要时可施行睾丸切除术。少数未手术隐睾发生睾丸萎缩、坏死。已成功行睾丸下降固定者，9%～15%单侧和46%双侧隐睾可发生无精子症。手术不能减少肿瘤的危险，但可以使睾丸更易被检查。对于小孩隐睾术后，应该避免哭闹，哭闹容易增大腹压，导致伤口可能出现裂开或者腹股沟疝。隐睾术后需注意保暖，不要受凉，受凉后容易出现咳嗽、发烧，影响伤口的愈合。隐睾术后肯定会有疼痛，疼痛时可以给予止痛药物治疗。隐睾手术后应该每天进行伤口换药，及时发现伤口是否有红肿、渗液、出血，固定隐睾的部位是否有皮下青紫、肿胀。此外，隐睾手术后注意排尿，不要将敷料浸湿。
|
Grace Elizabeth Howard (1886-1978) was an American lichenologist, teacher, and a professor of botany at Wellesley College for twenty-eight years.
Early life and education
Grace Elizabeth Howard was born in Pennsylvania, and raised in Washington, the daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Howard. As a young woman, she was a passionate climber, accompanying her sister Ann Howard on climbs before she was officially old enough to join The Mountaineers. The sisters climbed Mount Noyes, Mount Queets, and the Middle Peak. In 1917, Howard was one of the organizers of the first Mountaineer Knapsack Trip. This, wrote Stella Degenhardt, was "a backpacking, rather than a pack-horse outing which explored the area from Snoqualmie Pass, via Goldmeyer Hot Springs, Lake Dorothy (with dugout canoe), Skykomish River, and Glacier Basin to Monte Cristo".
Howard earned her B.A. from the University of Washington in 1911, and subsequently taught at a school in Wapato, Washington. Ten years later, she returned to the University of Washington for her M.S., and then moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where she pursued botanical studies, receiving her Ph.D. in 1923.
Lichenology
Howard began teaching at Wellesley College in 1923, where she would remain for the next 28 years. She began to study lichens on the advice of Margaret Clay Ferguson of Wellesley College and Theodore Christian Frye of the University of Washington. Having grown up in Washington and graduated there, she was drawn to the study of that state's lichens in particular. She began collecting in the Washington in the summer of 1928, followed by a more extensive trip during the summer and fall of 1931, as well as during the summers of 1930, 1934, 1937, and 1938. Howard was promoted from assistant professor to associate professor of botany in 1938. In 1940, on a sabbatical year from Wellesley, she made a further significant trip, followed by additional collections in the summer of 1942.
In a 'Preliminary Report on the Lichens of the State of Washington' (1937), Howard reviewed the work of earlier collectors in the state. In her major work, Lichens of the State of Washington (1950), she corrected her previous omission of the work of Wilhelm N. Suksdorf, who she credited with "an immense amount of collecting in Washington". She also noted the work of Alexander H. Smith, who collected in and near the Olympic National Park.
While at Wellesley, Howard was also the curator of the college's herbarium, directed by Harriet Creighton. She taught general botany, field botany, and plant pathology, while researching the taxonomy and morphology of lichens. She retired from Wellesley in 1952, after twenty-eight years of service as associate professor of botany, and was subsequently made a professor emeritus. Howard was thanked by Vernon Ahmadjian in his 1967 The Lichen Symbiosis, for having "helped remove some of the frustrations I felt as an undergraduate student trying to identify the lichens of Worcester County, Massachusetts".
Death
Grace Elizabeth Howard died in 1978, and was buried in Sunset Hills Memorial Park, Bellevue, Washington.
References
1886 births
1978 deaths
University of Washington alumni
Wellesley College faculty
American lichenologists
Women lichenologists
20th-century American botanists
20th-century American women scientists
|
脚后跟累是怎么回事儿？脚后跟疼痛是一种较为常见的疾病，它的成因存在着多种可能性，鞋子的不合适、过于肥胖、跟腱周围炎、脚跟有风湿等骨科类疾病都是引起疼痛的因素。很大一部分疼痛是韧带发炎受损所引起的，在不知道具体病因并且症状在不断恶化的时候要迅速前往医院进行详细检查，这样有利于医生对症下药和及时治疗。这种情况应该考虑骨关节炎的，可以查一下关节超声检查看看有没有问题的。考虑是缺钙，腰椎病压迫神经，肌肉韧带疼痛等原因引起的。其次是鞋子的舒适度也会引起疼痛，尽量选择材质软和底跟平坦的鞋子来穿。在日常生活中，要注重休息和脚部的保暖工作，可适当做一些较为平和的运动来放松肌肉，比如慢跑、散步、竞走、瑜伽、压腿伸展运动等，避免过多激烈运动；晚上可用热水泡脚来舒缓神经促进血液流通，多吃含高钙的食物比如牛奶、豆浆、排骨等来增强骨质。另外，中医认为走路时脚后跟疼痛和肝肾有关，如果是肝肾阴虚或者复感风寒湿邪都有可能造成筋脉不通和气血阻滞；尤其是女性在产后或者体质较弱的情况下都较易出现脚后跟疼。这时候就需要多吃一些补肾的食材，例如黑芝麻和核桃、海鲜、莲子粥等。同时要保持心情畅快，多往平坦的路面行走，长时间行走后恰当停下按摩与休息。关于脚后跟疼痛的问题，我们要学会找准关键原因所在并且及时治理，时常保持健康合理的生活方式和愉悦的心情，注意饮食控制，这样才利于我们拥有一个健康的体魄。近期要注意配合后期清淡饮食为主，忌食辛辣刺激性食物的摄入，注意选择宽松透气的鞋子更换
|
2．斑秃和脂溢性脱发如何区别?？（1）斑秃可发于任何年龄，以青少年多见；脂脱好发于成年人，以男性多见。（2）斑秃的秃区可发生于头部任何部位，呈圆形、卵圆形、不规则形；脂脱一般从前额或头顶开始，渐向上、向后、向四周延伸，脱区头发稀疏细软，晚期脂脱头顶头皮呈油光发亮。（3）斑秃一般均在较短时间内头发大量掉落，形成界线清楚的脱发片块，可发展成全秃、普秃；脂脱进展十分缓慢，偶有掉发速度快的，但也都有1～2年掉发过程，脱发部位以头顶部突出。（4）斑秃脱发区头发一般不痒；脂脱头皮一般均有痒、头屑多、头油多等表现。
|
St. Michaelis is one of the main churches in Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. It was first an abbey church of the former monastery of Benedictines, built from 1376 in brick Gothic style. It became Lutheran during the Reformation. Johann Sebastian Bach was for two years a pupil at the school of St. Michaelis.
History
St. Michaelis was built as an abbey church of the former monastery of Benedictines. The present church followed three former buildings. Its corner stone was laid on 14 July 1376 in the presence of Bishop Heinrich von Verden, who was bishop from 1367 to 1381. A lower church was consecrated in 1379. The upper church was finished in 1412, the steeple in 1434. The building was erected as a hall church in brick Gothic style. The parish became Lutheran during the Reformation. The monastery became in 1532 a rare community of Protestant men who practised celibacy and common housing. The roof of the steeple was damaged in a storm in 1746, and a new top was erected between 1761 and 1767. At the end of the 18th century, a remodeling of the interior was performed by architect Wilhelm Meissner, during which the medieval furnishings were lost.
The church is one of the attractions of the European Route of Brick Gothic.
School
A school (Partikularschule) associated with the monastery and the church was probably established already in the 11th century. It is documented from 1353 to 1818/19. As a teenager, Johann Sebastian Bach was a boarder at the school and a singer in the church choir, for two years from 1700 to 1702. He probably also contributed to the musical life of St. Michaelis as an organist, as he is known to have studied the instrument during his time in Lüneburg.
Another famous pupil was Johann Abraham Peter Schulz who attended the school from 1757 to 1759, and who composed the melody for "Der Mond ist aufgegangen".
Organ and church music
The organ dates back to an instrument built in 1708 by Matthias Dropa, a pupil of Arp Schnitger. It was refurbished several times. In 1871, the organ builder Philip Furtwängler & Söhne replaced most of Dropa's pipes. In 1931, Furtwängler & Hammer built a new organ in the case by Dropa. In 1999, the organ was restored, retaining historic parts from 1708 and 1931. St. Michaelis is a venue for sacred music in services and concerts, including events of the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival.
Further reading
Gustav Fock and Hans-Cord Sarnighausen: Zur Musik und Glasmalerei in St. Michaelis Lüneburg. Husum 2004
Adolph Martini: Beiträge zur Kenntniß der Bibliothek des Klosters St. Michaelis in Lüneburg. Herold und Wahlstab, Lüneburg 1827 (text).
Eckhard Michael: Ev.-luth. Pfarrkirche St. Michaelis Lüneburg. Regensburg 1995.
Nekrolgium Monastrii S. Michaelis. ed. . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1833 (text).
Ludwig Albrecht Gebhardi: Kurze Geschichte des Klosters St. Michaelis in Lüneburg. Capaun-Karlowa, Celle 1857 (text).
Wilhelm von Hodenberg: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg (= Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Teil 7). Capaun-Karlowa, Celle 1861–1867 (text).
References
External links
Viaduk – Internetportal für Kirche und Diakonie in Lüneburg
Lüneburg – Benediktiner, später ev. Männerkloster St. Michaelis Niedersächsische Klosterkarte of the
Lüneburg 1700–1702 let.rug.nl
G. Fock: Der junge Bach in Lüneburg / Eine musikhistorische Richtigstellung Die Zeit 27 May 1948
Luneburg Michaelis
Luneburg Michaelis
Lunenburg Michaelis
Lunenburg Michaelis
Lunenburg Michaelis
Michaelis
15th-century churches in Germany
|
马塔乌图（）是法国海外集体领地瓦利斯和富图纳的首府，位于瓦利斯岛东岸。该地总人口1,191（2003年统计）。马塔乌图市中心为马塔乌图大教堂，为法国国家保护建筑。附近有若干宾馆、饭店以及邮局。马塔乌图附近为两个考古遗址，Talietumu和汤加托托。它还是乌韦阿王国和哈哈克区的首府。
交通
海陸交通
馬塔烏圖境內擁有公路及港口，但因四周珊瑚礁環繞，船隻較難進出，因此水運不甚發達。
空中交通
島上有座機場連結與其他島嶼的航班。
参考资料
外部链接
Map showing the location of Matâ'Utu
瓦利斯和富图纳
属地首府
|
Richard Aßmann (16 December 1875 – 21 June 1933) became a Works Council Chairman ("Betriebsratsvorsitzender") with the AOK (national Health Insurance provider) in Berlin. He also involved himself in politics and was a member of the centre-left Social Democratic Party ("Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / SPD).
On 20 June 1933 he was forcibly removed from a tram by Nazi paramilitaries and taken away. His body was found, badly degraded, in a sack in the Dahme (river) on 11 July 1933. His daughter, Hilde Aßmann, was required to identify the body, which she was able to do because she recognised his wrist watch. Although the precise date of his death was never established, Richard Aßmann is generally seen as the first of an estimated 500 victims – at least 23 of whom were murdered while in detention and subsequently identified – of Köpenick's week of bloodshed ("die Köpenicker Blutwoche"), one of the first recorded mass-atrocities carried out by the Nazis after they took power in January 1933.
Life
Richard Aßmann was a clerical worker employed by the AOK (national Health Insurance provider) in Berlin. During Germany's inter-war democratic period his fellow workers elected him as an employee representative to the organisation's works council ("Betriebsrat"). Subsequently, they elected him to the chairmanship of it. At the start of 1933 the Nazis took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Directly after the Reichstag fire, at the end of February 1933, arrests began of people who had been active in the Communist Party before 1933. Throughout the twelve Nazi years, official persecution would be focused most intensely on citizens identified as "Communists" and / or "Jews". But citizens with records of political activism in other parties were also at heightened risk. His home was on one side of the market place in Friedrichshagen which was at that time administered as part of the Berlin suburb of Köpenick. Köpenick was believed by the new government (and others) to contain particularly large numbers of Communists and Jews. Richard Aßmann had always been particularly trenchant in his criticism of Adolf Hitler and was a known "anti-fascist". He was a local leader in the pro-democracy Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold organisation. On the early morning of 21 June 1933 several Nazi "SA" paramilitaries boarded a tram on which Aßmann was travelling and forcibly removed him from it.
According to one source he was taken to the Seidler Restaurant in the Mahlsdorfer Straße which served as an informal center for the SA.He was badly tortured. He may then have been one of a number of detainees taken that night to the prison of the district court which had been taken over by the SA for use as a temporary headquarters. According to another source he was taken to the "SA" building on the north shore of the Müggelsee where he was tortured and murdered. Much of the detail of how Aßmann was tortured and killed remains unclear. At a trial held seventeen years later, the court was informed that Aßmann was "one of the first to be taken on 21 June 1933 to the SA building along Seestraße [following an intervening change of the street name identified in 1950 as 'Müggelseedamm 132'], where he was abducted and subjected to mistreatment" ("...gehörte zu den ersten, die am 21.6.1933 in das SA-Heim Seestraße, heute Müggelseedamm 132, verschleppt und dort misshandelt wurden"). It was established by the trial in 1950 that one of his murderers was an SA drum major and World War I veteran called Fritz Liebenhagen. The court heard from witnesses that Liebenhagen emerged from a session with Aßmann with blood spattered on his uniform and boasted to subordinates, "That's human blood. With these hands I've killed this Marxist. Workers' blood sticks to my hands" ("Das ist Menschenblut. Mit diesen Hände habe ich diesen Marxisten erschlagen. An meinen Händen klebt Arbeiterblut").
His body was found on 11 July 1933 in or beside the Dahme (river), possibly by fishermen. The body had been placed in a sack before apparently being thrown into the river. Aßmann's widow was invited to identify the body but it was badly mutilated and she was unable to do so. A researcher was told in 1992 by a contemporary witness called Hildegard Feil that her father had therefore accompanied Hildegard Aßmann-Abusch, Richard Aßmann's recently married daughter, to try and identify the body. They had been able to do so, but only because they had recognised his wrist watch.
The body was buried at the Friedrichsfelde Municipal Cemetery.
Connections
Richard Aßmann's daughter, Hildegard Aßmann (1907–1989), married Alexander Abusch in 1931. At the time Abusch was a Communist Party activist: he would spend most of the twelve Nazi years as a political exile, first in France and later in Mexico. After war ended, he was able to return to Berlin in July 1946, becoming a member of the ruling Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED) in the Soviet occupation zone: he was for many years after 1949 a stalwart of the East German political establishment.
Celebration and commemoration
Since 1951 there has been a memorial tablet to Richard Aßmann at Graal-Müritz complemented, since 1978, by a memorial bust by Wolfgang Eckardt. The tablet was placed in the grounds of what is now known as the "Rehaklinik" ("Rehabilitation Clinic") when a hospital and rehabilitation facility that had been commandeered after 1945 and used by the Soviet army was handed back to the municipal authorities and converted into a sanatorium. At this point the facility was renamed after Richard Aßmann as a high-profile victim of Nazi atrocities. There is otherwise no identified connection between Richard Aßmann and the coastal resort of Graal-Müritz.
In Berlin-Friedrichshagen, near where the murder is believed to have taken place, Aßmannstraße was renamed after Richard Aßmann in 1947. It had previously been known as Friedrich-Straße. The street also features a memorial tablet and, added in 2013, a "Stolperstein" commemorating Aßmann.
References
German trade unionists
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold members
People murdered in Nazi Germany
Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
Politicians from Berlin
1875 births
1933 deaths
Works councillors
|
Television was introduced in Finland in 1955. Color television started in 1969 and was introduced gradually, with most programs in color by the late 1970s. All terrestrial analogue stations stopped broadcasting on 1 September 2007 after the introduction of digital television; cable providers were allowed to continue analog broadcasting in their networks until 1 March 2008.
Typically, foreign-language content is subtitled, retaining the original language soundtrack. This includes interview responses in news or magazine programmes not given in the main language of that programme. Foreign programming intended for children is, however, usually dubbed into one of the national languages. Regardless of the intended audience or original language, many shows receive a Finnish and/or Swedish title which is used in programme schedules.
In 2016 it was said that 47% of people watch via terrestrial antenna, 43% via cable, 11% via IPTV and 4% via satellite.
History
On 24 May 1955, the first public television broadcast in Finland was aired by the Radioinsinööriseura (later Elektroniikkainsinöörien seura). The project eventually developed into TES-TV (later Tesvisio), the first television channel in Finland that began regular broadcasts on 21 March 1956. The public broadcaster Yleisradio began their television project in 1957, with regular broadcasts starting from 1 January 1958. Suomen Televisio (now Yle TV1), as the channel was called, also featured commercial programming from MTV, a separate channel that leased programming blocks from Yleisradio. This arrangement would last until 1993.
Yleisradio acquired Tesvisio in 1964 and reorganized its assets into a second TV channel (now Yle TV2). Despite MTV's demands that the second channel be in their control, Yleisradio maintained ownership of the second channel but sold MTV more time on it. In 1986, a third channel Kolmoskanava was introduced as a joint venture between Yleisradio, MTV and Nokia. MTV gradually purchased Kolmoskanava into their ownership and in 1993, turned it into MTV3. Once MTV3 was introduced, MTV moved all of its programming there.
Since 2021, around 75% of the Finnish population watch television content online via YouTube, Vimeo, and other, in addition to online TV broadcasting companies.
Finnish programming
MTV3
Bosch
Broadchurch
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
CSI: Miami
CSI: NY
Crisis
Emmerdale
Hostages
Legends
Madam Secretary
Major Crimes
NCIS: New Orleans
Prison Break
Survivor
The Amazing Race
The Apprentice
The Bold and the Beautiful
The Closer
The Mentalist
The Night Manager
Wallander
24
Diva Channel
Army Wives
The Biggest Loser: Toinen mahdollisuus
Chicago Fire
Bates Motel
Bones
Kallista kipua
Sex and the City – Sinkkuelämää
Chance
West Wing
Revolution
C.S.I.
Num3rot
Gossip Girl
Kuuntelija
Nurse Jackie
Smash
Dexter
Nuoret poliisit
Yli synkän virran
Burn Notice
The Real Housewives franchise
Rikoksista pahin
Wild at Heart
Medium
Psych
Shattered
Ruma Betty
Kova laki: Erikoisyksikkö
Kova laki
Kova laki: Rikollinen mieli
Kova laki: Los Angeles
Mike & Molly
Tyhjätaskut
Orange Is the New Black
Brooklyn 99
Kunnian miehet
Downton Abbey
The Mindy Project
C.S.I. Cyber
Havaiji 5-0
Tarkka-ampujat
The Oprah Winfrey Show
Good Wife
House
Muodon vuoksi
Mad Love
Tuho-osasto
Monk
Vampyyripäiväkirjat
Keeping Up with the Kardashians
Eureka
The Originals
Isojen poikien leikit
Event
Digital terrestrial
Digital terrestrial television was launched on 21 August 2001. The analogue networks continued its broadcasts alongside the digital ones until 1 September 2007, when they were shut down nationwide.
Before the analogue switchoff, the terrestrial network had three multiplexes: MUX A, MUX B and MUX C. MUX A contained the channels of the public broadcaster Yleisradio and MUX B was shared between the two commercial broadcasters: MTV3 and Nelonen. MUX C contained channels of various other broadcasters. After the analogue closedown, a fourth multiplex named MUX E was launched.
In addition the free-to-air broadcasts, two companies are providing encryption cards for pay television: Canal Digital and PlusTV. Canal Digital was the first to launch, originally only offering four Canal+ channels (the Disney Channel was added later on). PlusTV was launched in November 2006, originally only broadcasting MTV3 Max and Subtv Juniori (later on adding Subtv Leffa and Urheilu+kanava). Both packages got more channels with the launch of MUX E in September 2007: SVT Europa and MTV3 Fakta was added to PlusTV and KinoTV was added to Canal Digital, while Discovery Channel, Eurosport, MTV Finland and Nickelodeon were added to both packages.
September 2007 also saw the launch of the SveaTV package in Ostrobothnia which broadcasts channels from Sweden.
The digital channel YLE Extra was closed on 31 December 2007 and was replaced by YLE TV1+, a simulcast of TV1 with subtitles included in the video stream. TV1+ was closed on 4 August 2008 due to its low viewing share.
Finland has started DVB-T2 switchover that will be finished on 31.3.2020.
Cable
Analogue cable television were switched off in Finland on 1 March 2008, but digital cable television is widespread all over the country and its infrastructure used for cable internet services.
The major cable operators are DNA, Welho and TTV, operating in Turku, Helsinki and Tampere areas. All pay television uses digital broadcasts, DVB-C set-top boxes have been available since 2001.
Satellite
Digital satellite television started in Nordic countries, and also in Finland, by Multichoice Nordic pay-TV platform during 1996. The first set-top boxes available were manufactured by Nokia and Pace. After that the service merged with Canal Digital in late 1997. Competing pay television Viasat and Yle's channel TV Finland started digital broadcasts in 1999.
Canal Digital launched some HDTV channels, like Discovery HD, on their digital paytv-package during 2006. Pan-European HDTV-channel Euro1080 HD1 is available also in Finland.
List of channels
All Yle channels are broadcast free-to-air and so are a few commercial ones including MTV3, Nelonen, MTV Sub, Jim, TV5, Star Channel and Kutonen. Yle channels are state owned and are funded by a ring fenced so-called "Yle tax".
Most of the channels are the same throughout mainland Finland. In Ostrobothnia and Åland there is an extra multiplex available which provides encrypted channels from Sweden, along with respective local stations, and of course due to overlapping signals, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian and Estonian stations are able to be seen near the border areas and vice versa.
DVB-T Channels
DVB-T2 channels
Viewing shares
Notes
See also
Media of Finland
References
External links
Viestinävirasto - Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority
Digita - Terrestrial Broadcast Operator
DNA - Terrestrial Broadcast Operator
Finnpanel - Measures TV viewing and radio listening
Telkku.com - TV-guide
|
血肿形成的鉴别诊断？头皮血肿与头皮水肿的鉴别项目:头皮血肿; 头皮水肿部位:顶骨骨膜下; 先露部皮下组织范围:不越过骨缝; 不受骨缝限制出现时间产后2～3天最大; 娩出时存在消退时间3～8周; 产后2～3天局部特点,波动感; 凹陷性水肿临床表现按损伤部位及出血的多少而不同。临床症状以窒息、兴奋及抑制状态相继出现为特征。(一)窒息 多数新生儿出生后就有程度不同的窒息或呼吸障碍，阵发性青紫，主要以苍白窒息为特征。(二)兴奋期 新生儿窒息经过复苏后数小时，出现呕吐、高声尖叫、呼吸不规则(缓慢或暂停)、吸吮吞咽反射消失，继之出现阵发性或强直性痉挛，并伴有斜视、眼球震颤、眼睑下垂、囟门饱满、项强、膝反射及浅反射均亢进。(三)抑制期 若病情继续加重，则由兴奋转入抑制。但在某些严重出血者，出生时呈苍白窒息，可以不出现兴奋期，而呈嗜睡状态，甚至昏迷、不食、肌肉瘫痪、呼吸变慢、心音弱而不规则、肢冷、深及浅反射消失。重者在昏迷期死亡。检查时，可发现患儿面色苍白、口唇青紫、呼吸快而不规则，有时囟门膨出，颈部强直局部瘫痪、肌张力减低、瞳孔大小不等或有斜视、眼球震颤及眼睑下垂等。可用B超及CT进行诊断。
|
Joseph Charles Muhler (December 22, 1923 – December 24, 1996) was an American biochemist and dentist who was responsible for the development of Crest Toothpaste.
Early life and education
Muhler was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He attended Indiana University from 1942 to 1944 until he was drafted into the Navy. He returned to Indiana University as a dental student through the support of the Navy. In 1948, he received his D.D.S and in 1951, he received his Ph.D. in chemistry. He joined the IU faculty in 1951 as an assistant professor. In 1978, he was named research professor of dental science and director of the dentistry's research institute. While at Indiana University, he assisted in the development of the school's first preventative dentistry program until his retirement in 1984.
Crest Toothpaste
Muhler was a biochemist who led a team at Indiana University that came up with the original formula for Crest Toothpaste. He studied over 150 fluoride compounds for the purpose of finding a compound that protected teeth from cavities and decay. With help from Harry G. Day, Grant Van Huysen, and William H. Nebergall, he found that stannous fluoride was a very effective compound for protecting teeth. After years of studies, they found stannous fluoride to be 50% more effective than sodium fluoride. Procter & Gamble was impressed with their research and decided to underwrite their formula and sell it as Crest Toothpaste in 1956. Crest Toothpaste became the first toothpaste to earn the American Dental Association (ADA) endorsement. Muhler and his team received royalties from Procter & Gamble which they used to help establish the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana.
Accomplishments
In 1976, the American Chemical Society (ACS) recognized stannous fluoride toothpaste as one of the 100 greatest discoveries of the previous 100 years. Muhler died on December 24, 1996, at St. Joseph Medical Center in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In 2019, 23 years after his death, both he and William H. Nebergall were elected into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
References
1923 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American biochemists
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Indiana University alumni
Scientists from Indiana
Indiana University faculty
American dentists
American dentistry academics
20th-century dentists
United States Navy personnel of World War II
|
华南理工大学旅游管理系是华南理工大学下属的商学院系，位于中国广东省广州市广州大学城华南理工大学大学城校区内。
历史沿革
旅游管理系的前身是2004年7月华工入驻大学城后成立的旅游与酒店管理学院。该学院依托工商管理学院的资源进行开设，聘请曾参与创办海南大学旅游管理学院的张俐俐教授为首任院长。
在创办不久后，学院于2004年12月举办了中国教育部第一期“全国高等院校教育旅游管理专业老师高级研修培训班”，为全国首个大规模对高校旅游骨干教师进行业务培训的研修班。
2008年初，学校对学科和学院设置进行调整，旅游与酒店管理学院与原经贸学院和电子商务学院合并为新的经济与贸易学院，原旅游与酒店学院成为经贸学院下的旅游与酒店管理系和会展经济与管理系。
2013年12月，学校决定在经济与贸易学院框架内成立“非独立建制”的旅游与酒店管理学院，由经济与贸易学院相关领导兼任该学院领导。
2020年7月，学校再次对经济与贸易学院进行调整，原经贸学院调整为经济与金融学院、电子商务系和旅游管理系三个单位。
学术科研
学科设置
截至2020年8月，旅游管理系共有如下的研究生学位授权点和本科专业：
博士学位授权点：旅游管理
硕士学位授权点：旅游管理
专业硕士学位授权点：工程管理
本科专业：旅游管理、会展经济与管理
其中，旅游管理专业为国家级一流本科专业建设点。
科研机构
广州国际旅游研究中心
旅游发展与规划研究院
广东旅游战略与策略研究中心
广东省乡村振兴与旅游大数据工程技术研究中心
学术交流
中美旅游发展论坛
2011世界酒店与旅游管理教育峰会
广州小谷围（岛）2015亚洲旅游与美食高峰论坛
学院行政
截至2022年11月，旅游管理系的领导为：
系主任：吴志才
系副主任：李沐纯
系党支部书记：郭志军
系党总支副书记：杨阳
参考文献
外部链接
原旅游与酒店管理学院网站
华南理工大学院系
广州大学城
|
JoAnn Elizabeth "Eli" Coppola (November 13, 1961 – April 2, 2000) was an American poet and active contributor to the San Francisco spoken word scene in the mid 1980s and 1990s. She wrote poetry on a variety of subjects including disability, sexuality, and social injustice.
Early life and education
Coppola was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy in her early 20s. She grew up in Hamden, Connecticut and graduated cum laude with a B.A. in English from Connecticut College in 1983. While at Connecticut College, Coppola won the 1983 Charles B. Palmer Prize of the Academy of American Poets and the 1983 Nancy Rockmaker Memorial Prize.
Career
After graduating from Connecticut College, Coppola moved to San Francisco in 1985 where she entered the Bay Area poetry scene with readings at Cafe Babar. Coppola was one of the most popular and beloved poets who found voice at the Cafe Babar readings. Her work set a standard for genuine emotion among the raucous spoken word scene of 1980s San Francisco. In the late 80s and early 90s, Coppola worked at the UC Berkeley Women's Studies Program as June Jordan's assistant. Coppola received her MFA from San Francisco State University in 1994. Coppola published five chapbooks of her poetry; Animals We Keep in the City (Zeitgeist Press, 1989), Invisible Men's Voices (Blue Beetle Press, 1992), As Luck Would Have It (Zeitgeist Press, 1993), no straight lines between no two points (Apathy Press Poets, 1993), and Anyway (Monkey Business Books, 1999).
Death and legacy
On April 2, 2000, Coppola died of a heart attack in her San Francisco apartment. After her death, Coppola's family worked with her agent, David West, to publish a collection of her chapbook poetry in Some Angels Wear Black (Manic D Press, 2005) and the poetry recordings Eli Coppola: Some Words (2000) and Flying at Cafe Babar: Readings (live) by Eli Coppola (2006). In 2009, Michelle Tea and Ali Liebegott of Sister Spit and Radar Productions founded the Annual Eli Coppola Poetry Chapbook Prize for new poets. In 2014, Coppola was awarded a Kathy Acker Award for lifetime achievement and outstanding contribution to the avant garde arts community.
Publications
Animals We Keep in the City (Zeitgeist Press, 1989)
Invisible Men's Voices (Blue Beetle, 1992)
As Luck Would Have It (Zeitgeist Press, 1993)
no straight lines between no two points (1993)
Anyway (Monkey Business Books, 1999)
Some Angels Wear Black (Manic D Press, 2005)
Recordings:
Eli Coppola: Some Words (2000)
Flying at Cafe Babar: Readings (live) by Eli Coppola (Zeitgeist Press, 2006)
References
1961 births
2000 deaths
Writers from San Francisco
American poets
People from Hamden, Connecticut
Connecticut College alumni
|
Gangxiu railway station is a station on the Chinese Qingzang Railway.
See also
Qingzang Railway
List of stations on Qingzang railway
Railway stations in Tibet
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway
|
Louisette Ighilahriz (born 22 August 1936) is an Algerian writer, former Conseil de la Nation member, and a former member of the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) who came to widespread attention in 2000 with her story of captivity by the French from 1957 to 1962, becoming, in the words of the American journalist Adam Shatz, "a catalyst of a debate about the legacy of the French-Algerian war".
Childhood and early life
Ighilahriz was born in Oujda to a Berber family and her family moved to Algiers in 1948. Though she was born in Morocco, the Ighilahriz family originated from the Kabylie region of Algeria, whose Berber tribes had been some of the fiercest opponents of French rule in Algeria. Ighilahriz "describes herself as coming from a whole family of nationalists," calling her mother "illiterate but hyperpoliticised" and saying that her maternal grandfather clandestinely manufactured guns for "revolutionaries." When hearing about the beginning of the Algerian War on 1 November 1954, her father, who worked as a baker, told her: "It is the end of the humiliation".
FLN involvement
Revolutionary work and capture
Strongly anti-French, Ighilahriz joined the FLN under the codename Lila in late 1956 to work as a courier, smuggling information, weapons and bombs across Algiers in bread baked by her father. On 28 September 1957 while traveling with a FLN party, Ighilahriz was ambushed by the French paratroopers at Chébli, badly wounded and captured. At the hospital, Ighilahriz was given the "truth drug" Pentothal to make her talk, which failed to achieve its purpose.
Conditions for women in the FLN
Ighilahriz wrote in her memoirs that the other members of her unit viewed her with suspicion as the only woman, explaining that, "for them I remained a woman of the town who, horror of horrors, even knew how to use a pen." Furthermore, Ighilahriz wrote that during this period, "I was no longer really a woman. The war had transformed me, I had become lacking in all feeling and had basically forgotten my femininity."
Military prison
Ighilahriz was taken to a military prison at Paradou Hydra where a French Army captain, Jean Graziani, cut her bangs, prodded her wounds with a bayonet and then raped her in her words "with all sorts of objects" to make her talk. For months, Ighilahriz was tortured and raped in attempts to make her reveal what she knew about the FLN before finally breaking down in December 1957, telling her captors everything she knew about the FLN. During this time, Ighilahriz was not allowed to bath and spent months covered in her own blood, excrement and urine as she was held in a tiny cell. Ighilahriz remembered: "Mon urine s'infiltrait sous la bâche du lit de camp, mes excréments se mélangeaient à mes menstrues jusqu'à former une croûte puante" ("My urine passed through the sheet covering the camp bed, my excrement mixed with my menstrual blood, forming a stinking crust"). To further degrade her, Ighilahriz was forced to live completely naked during her entire time at the military prison. Ighilahriz recalled:"I was lying naked, always naked. They would come one, two or three times daily. As soon as I heard the sound of their boots in the hallway, I began to tremble. Then time became endless. The minutes seemed like hours, and the hours like days. The hardest thing was handling the first days, to get used to the pain. Then one would be detached mentally, as if the body began to float.Massu was brutal, awful. Bigeard was not better, but the worst was Graziani. It's unspeakable, he was a pervert who took pleasure in torturing. It was not human. I often yelled at him: "You're not a man if you do not finish me! " And he answered with a sneer: "Not yet, not yet!" During these three months, I had one goal: to kill myself, but the worst suffering, is to want at all costs to erase oneself and to not find the means." Ighilahriz stated about Captain Jean Graziani: "Mais l'essentiel de ses tortures ne s'exerçaient pas à mains nues. Il était toujours armé d'ustensiles pour s'acharner contre mon plâtre" ("But he did not carry out most of his torture with his bare hands. He was always armed with implements to attack my plaster cast").
Family
Ighilahriz's family also suffered: "They arrested my parents and most of my siblings. My mother underwent waterboarding for three weeks. One day, they brought before her the youngest of her nine children, my three-year-old little brother, and they hanged him."
Dr. Richaud
Ighilahriz credited her survival to a doctor whom she knew only as "Richaud", who she called a most gentle and kind man who treated her injuries. At the time she first met "Richard", Ighilahriz recalled " "J'étais en train de devenir folle" ("I was losing my mind"), stating the effects of torture, rape and repeated injections of the "truth drug" Pentothal had pushed her to the brink of madness.
"Richaud" told Ighilahriz that she reminded him of his daughter who was about her age, and to whom he was very close. "Richaud" played something of a surrogate father to Ighilahriz as she remembered him telling her: "Mon petit, vous êtes bien jeune pour le maquis. Je vous en prie, laissez ça aux autres. Aux hommes, par exemple!" ("My child, you are too young for the resistance. I beg of you, leave that to others, to men, for example!") The scholar Mildred Mortimer writes that "Richaud" for all his tenderness and compassion towards Ighilahriz subscribed to the traditional French macho viewpoint that war was entirely for men, seeing her involvement with the FLN as something unnatural for a woman, and noted by contrast that Ighilahriz's father had encouraged his daughters to join the FLN. Mortimer also noted the irony that though "Richaud" saved Ighilahriz's life he was a supporter of Algérie française, approving of the goals though not the methods of the French Army in Algeria.
After confessing, Ighilahriz was taken to France, where she was imprisoned in Baumettes, La Roquette, Amiens, Fresnes, Toulouse and Bastia. In January 1962, Ighilariz escaped from prison, and was hidden by French Communists in Nice. Under the amnesty of May 1962, she was pardoned. Afterwards, Ighilahriz went to university, obtaining a degree in psychology. In Muslim Algeria, a woman must be a virgin in order to be married, and the subject of rape is taboo, and upon Ighilahriz's return to Algeria, her mother made her promise never to speak of her ordeal lest it shame the family. Decades after this promise, Ighilahriz broke it to publicize her experience, encouraging "other Algerian women and men to discuss their experiences publicly as well".
Publicization
Ighilahriz's story was unknown until 15 June 2000, when Le Monde newspaper published an interview by the journalist Florence Beaugé. University-educated, secular, fluent in French and very fond of quoting Victor Hugo, Ighilahriz came across in her interview with Beaugé as more French than Algerian, which helped to make her a more appealing victim to the French. Shatz notes that "What made her interview particularly poignant was that she seemed to be moved less by rage at her jailers than by gratitude to the doctor who saved her." Ighilahriz stated that her reason for coming forward – after remaining silent for decades, as she was too ashamed of what had happened to her – was that she wanted to see "Richaud" one last time to thank him.
Interviews regarding the war
In an interview with Le Monde in 2000, Ighilahriz stated that both General Marcel Bigeard and General Jacques Massu had been present when she was raped and tortured in 1957. Bigeard stated in an interview that her story was a "tissue of lies" meant to "destroy all that is decent in France" and denied that Dr "Richaud" existed.
By contrast, Massu told the French media that he was not present when Ighilahriz was tortured and raped, saying he could not remember her, but expressed "regret" that the paras had engaged in torture and used rape as an interrogation tool, saying that there were things that had happened in Algeria that he wished had never happened. Massu confirmed the existence of "Richaud", saying that Ighilahriz must have been referring to Dr François Richaud, who had been the doctor stationed at the prison in 1957. Dr Richaud had died on 21 September 1997. A devout Catholic, Massu wrote to Pope Pius XII in February 1957 to complain that the Catholic archbishop of Algiers was not giving his men sufficient spiritual support as they went about the business of torture. In March 1957 his conscience was eased when the Catholic chaplain attached to his unit told him that God approved of torture as the only way to defeat the FLN, who were all Muslims. After Ighilahriz had accused him of torturing her in 2000, General Massu visited his parish priest for confession, and afterwards announced that he changed his mind about torture, saying he now believed that torture was not necessary to win the Battle of Algiers.
In 2014, Ighilahriz spoke of her wish that France would recognize the events of the war in Algeria. In particular, she mentioned that General Bollardière, who had protested against the torture of Algerians by the French, had not had his reputation restored following his arrest in April 1957 for discussing the torture with the French press. She said that his rehabilitation would essentially equate to France admitting to large-scale torture and rape during the Algerian War. Ighilahriz explained, "Le viol, c'est ce qu'il y a de pire pour une femme : c'est la négation d'elle-même" [rape is the worst for a woman; it is the negation of her very self].
Book publication
After the interview, Ighilahriz dictated her life story to the French journalist Anne Nivat. It was published in 2001 as Algérienne, becoming a bestseller in France. Nivat said about her first impression of Ighilahriz: "Dès la première seconde où j'ai croisé son regard, j'ai cru en cette femme...Je savais qu'elle parlerait, parce qu'elle avait beaucoup à raconter et souhaitait le raconter. Je n'ai pas été déçue" ("From the moment our eyes met, I believed in this woman... I knew that she would speak, because she had a lot to say and wanted to speak out. I was not disappointed.")
Mildred Mortimer writes that it was significant that Ighilahriz's story was published in French rather than her native Berber or Arabic as the story of a Berber woman being raped would be unpublishable in Algeria, even today.
At the beginning of Algérienne, Ighilahriz stated that her decision to go forward with her story took place over the opposition of her family, her colleagues and the Algerian government, all of whom felt that the story of a Berber woman being raped was deeply shameful. Mortimer writes that though Ighilahriz suffered terribly, the purpose of her story is more to pay tribute to Dr Richaud than to express rage at her torturers and rapists.
A key moment in Algérienne described Ighilahriz and her sister Ouardia visiting the grave of Dr Richaud to place flowers before his tombstone: on 21 September 2000, the Ighilahriz sisters and Nivat visited the tomb of Dr Richaud, where the sisters offered him a symbolic cup of coffee in an "ecumenical gesture" of thanks. Afterwards, the Ighilahriz sisters met Richaud's daughter to give her their thanks for her father's actions.
On 31 December 2000, Ouardia Ighilahriz returned alone to Richaud's grave to place a plaque reading "Où que tu sois, tu seras toujours parmi nous. Louisette" ("Wherever you are, you will always be among us. Louisette"). Attached to the plaque was a handwritten note with a drawing of a dove carrying an olive branch, the note reading: "Avec toute ma gratitude.—Louisette" ("With all my gratitude. – Louisette").
Trauma and support
Mortimer noted that the university-educated and independent-minded Ighilahriz is fluent in French, but chose not to write her own story, instead dictating it to Nivat, and had to be accompanied by Nivat and her sister to Dr Richaud's tomb, which for her was evidence of the extraordinarily difficult nature of Ighilahriz's experiences. Mortimer further noted how much emotional support Ighilahriz drew from fellow women such as her sister Ouardia and Nivat played a key role in helping her to confront her past, suggesting that the story of Algérienne is actually the story of three women rather than one. Mortimer commented that it was striking when it came to dealing with the memory of unspeakable physical and sexual abuse, apart from Dr Richaud, all of the emotional support that Ighilahriz drew upon came from other women.
Response in Algeria
In 2011, Saadi Yacef, a leading FLN militant who was then a senator in Algeria, attacked Ighilahriz, claiming that she was never a member of the FLN and lied about being raped, stating she is "excellent dans l'art de faire de la comédie". In response, Ighilahriz said that Yacef too broke under torture when he was captured by the French, and stated that as a Berber Muslim man, he was angry with her for breaking the taboo surrounding rape in Berber culture. Ighilahriz also suggested that Yacef was jealous of the way that her story had come to overshadow his in the popular memory of the Algerian War.
Natalya Vince writes that, with the support of other former female FLN fighters, "Ighilahriz called a press conference and retorted that Saadi himself was a traitor", calling for him to "give up his parliamentary immunity as a presidentially elected senator to come and face her, as a citizen, in court to dispute the facts". The lack of a subsequent court case causes Vince to describe Ighilahriz as "the vindicated underdog who had forced Saadi to back down despite his greater political power." Finally, Ighilahriz called for unbiased, independent Algerian historians.
Response in France
The British historian Martin Thomas writes that Ighilahriz's interview and her book generated a media storm in France in 2000 and 2001, as her account of physical and sexual abuse while in the custody of the 10th Paratroop Division for three months in late 1957 resonated with the French people, making her the face of victims of torture in Algeria. Thomas further noted that at the same time that Algérienne was a bestseller, another book about the Algerian War, namely Services spéciaux Algérie 1955-1957 by General Paul Aussaresses, was an even bigger bestseller in France. Thomas also noted that Services spéciaux Algérie 1955-1957 was translated into English as The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955-1957 while Algérienne still awaits its translation. He argues that many people even today in the West still attach greater value to the lives of Westerners over non-Westerners, which explains why a book by a Frenchman describing and justifying torture as a legitimate counter-terrorism tactic in the Battle of Algiers attracts more attention and better sales than does a book by an Algerian woman describing her experiences of the torture that Aussaresses ordered.
In a 2003 essay, General Maurice Schmitt of the French Army accused Ighilahriz of fabricating her entire story, making much of the fact that she described Captain Jean Graziani as having green eyes when in fact his eyes were brown. Schmitt stated that he served alongside Graziani in Vietnam, and called him a passionate French patriot from Corsica, whom he described as incapable of committing the acts that Ighilahriz accused him of.
In response to Schmitt, Ighilahriz stated that after the passage of almost 50 years, she may have misremembered small details, and the way in which Schmitt obsessively tried to discredit her over small mistakes suggested the French Army on an institutional level was still not willing to admit that it engaged in torture and rape during the Algerian War.
The Canadian historian Barnett Singer came to Bigeard's defence, writing that Ighilahriz was a terrorist whose account was full of "fabrications", and Bigeard was off hunting the FLN in the bled at the time she was held by the 10th Parachute Division in late 1957.
More controversy has centred on the fact that in the first edition of Algérienne, Ighilahriz denied being raped, saying "Il ne pouvait pas non plus me violer, j'étais trop dégueulasse!" ("He couldn't think of raping me. I was too disgusting!"), but testified at the civil trial of General Schmitt that she had been raped. Schmitt, who served in Algeria, has been accused of having engaged in torture. However, Mortimer defends Ighilahriz on the grounds of the Muslim Berber culture's attitude that it is deeply shameful for an unmarried woman not to be a virgin, so to avoid public scorn she would not want to discuss being raped.
Political views and work since the war
Work with the UNFA
After the war, Ighilahriz worked with the Union Nationale des Femmes Algériennes (UNFA), an association designed to embody "'the Algerian woman' abroad," represent "her interest and needs at home" and prepare "her to participate in the running of the state", although it essentially functioned as a "branch of the FLN's mass organisation apparatus" supporting the single party state. Scholars such as Abdelkader Cheref describe the UNFA as essential to "organizing active women to provide backing for the state's policies", yet "a token maneuver intended to satisfy Algerian women's demands for political representation without really giving it".
Ighilahriz's activities as a member of the executive committee of the UNFA included visits to other countries, "ostensibly with the task of looking at socio-economic models which might work in Algeria". However, despite her participation, Ighilahriz described qualms about the UNFA, saying "I found myself in the Secretariat of the UNFA. Almost without thinking, and I'm angry with myself." According to later statements, Ighilahriz opposed the very theory of the UNFA, explaining, "I cannot accept single-sex activism... It was not my orientation, and it wasn't my ideology. This man-woman dichotomy, I accepted it and I don't how I found myself caught up in it." On a more practical level, Ighilahriz also cited the "lack of ambition, inefficiency and clientelism" of the Union.
Natalya Vince summarizes this opposition by writing that Ighilahriz and other "educated female veterans" viewed a female-only union as not "a positive step towards gender equality; rather, they saw it as a regression into female difference, and, by inference, inferiority". Furthermore, Ighilahriz explains that, regarding her work towards female political participation, "My task was too much, the weight of tradition was enormous and the number of conservative men extremely high. Wherever I went, I was very well received but in practice, there were dreadful obstacles."
Conseil de la Nation
Louisette Ighilahriz joined the Conseil de la Nation, the upper house of the bicameral parliament, in February 2016, having been appointed by Abdelaziz Bouteflika, then President of Algeria, who appointed one-third of the seats. Speaking of her time in the Conseil, Ighilahriz stated that she tried to work towards addressing social problems, yet that she and the other members were asked to "marcher sans trop nous poser de question" [to walk without being asked too many questions], implying that she and the Conseil lacked legitimate power.
Resignation and protest
In October 2018, Ighilahriz announced her resignation as an act of protest against President Bouteflika running for a fifth mandate. She said that the fourth mandate finished poorly and that due to his minimal public appearances, she would not vote for "un candidat invisible" [an invisible candidate]. She denounced the President's failure to facilitate investment.
In February 2019, potential presidential candidate Ali Ghediri announced on his Facebook page that Ighilahriz had declared her support for him. She subsequently told TSA, an Algerian news site, that his policy plans convinced her, noting particularly his plans to fight against corruption and unemployment, to create new jobs, and to try to stop underground emigration. She described him as brave, humble, and wise, remarking that she believed that he would satisfy the Algerian people and bring about significant changes for the good.
But on 7 March 2019, in the context of massive protests across Algeria against President Bouteflika running for a fifth mandate, Ighilahriz announced to TSA that she no longer supported Ali Ghediri as a candidate. Instead, she said, "Nous sommes en train de tout faire pour que le système s'en aille et quant le système partira, on se mettra d'accord sur une constituante comme point de départ et nous formerons un nouveau gouvernement par la suite" [We are doing everything so that the system goes away, and when the system leaves, we will agree on a constituent phase as a departure point and we will form a new government thereafter].
In popular culture
Woman is Courage is a 2003 documentary about Ighilahriz.
Louisette, a short animated film, synopsises the experiences of Ighilahriz was released by Le Monde in 2022.
Endnotes
1936 births
Algerian torture victims
Algerian revolutionaries
Berber activists
Kabyle people
Living people
Members of the National Liberation Front (Algeria)
People from Oujda
21st-century Algerian people
Female revolutionaries
|
凱恩克里克鎮區（）是位於美國阿肯色州林肯縣的一個行政鎮區。
地方資料
凱恩克里克鎮區的面積為173.65平方千米，當中陸地面積為171.86平方千米，而水域面積為1.79平方千米。根據2010年美國人口普查的數據，當地共有人口4208人，而人口密度為每平方千米24.23人。
參考文獻
阿肯色州鎮區
林肯縣鎮區 (阿肯色州)
|
是下辖的一个街道办事处。
行政区划
下辖以下村级行政区划单位：
。
参考资料
|
夏駿，中國电视人，文化工作者，籍贯江苏省如皋市。毕业于北京广播学院（现中国传媒大学）。1986年进入中央电视台任编辑、记者。历任中央电视台中国国际电视总公司节目制作部副主任、中央电视台新闻中心新闻调查制片人、北京电视台七频道运营总裁、中华遗产杂志社主编等。现任：华人文化集团董事局执行主席；科影中视影视制作中心总编辑；中国广播电视协会纪录片委员会副会长；中华民族文化促进会常务理事；2010年上海世博会顾问。
生平
1962年生于江苏如皋。
1979年进入北京广播学院电视学院本科学习。1983年毕业，获文学学士学位。
1983年进入北京广播学院文学院研究生学习，1986年毕业。
1986年进入中央电视台任编辑、记者。
2000年离开央视，担任平面媒体《中华遗产》杂志主编。
2007年，2007年，他被聘为上海世博会主题演绎顾问，世博会国家馆评审委员会成员。
著作
《居住改变中国》
《解密上海——大上海再度崛起之谜》
《電視片藝術論》
《目擊歷史》
《正在發生的歷史》
《新聞背後的新聞》
《第一現場》
《解密上海》
《再造青啤》
《人居中國》
《十字路口的中國電視》等
电视作品
中日合拍30集系列片《黃河》編導、撰稿之一
6集系列片《河殤》編導
8集系列片《窮則思變》編導
16集系列片《中國農民》編導、攝影
20集系列片《鄉村中國》編導
香港回歸72小時直播專題節目編導
大江截流13小時直播專題節目總編導
12集系列片《改革開放20年》總編導
9集系列片《解讀上海》總編導
12集系列片《居住改變中國》總編導
3集電視系列片《大海灣》總編導等
参考资料
1. 央视记录人夏骏空间
2. 人民日报海外版《夏骏：深挖世博会内涵》
外部链接
新浪微博 夏骏
中国传媒大学校友
中华人民共和国媒体人物
如皋人
J
|
西藏语言，指西藏自治区的语言资源。西藏语言资源丰富，有10余种语言。
藏语
藏语属汉藏语系藏缅语族藏语支。根据西藏在线网站（www.tibetol.cn）的一片报道，西藏的250多万藏族人口中的84%以藏语为惟一交流工具。除藏族外，错那市80%以上的门巴族也使用藏语，部分回族、珞巴族也使用藏语。
1987年7月9日，西藏自治区第四届人民代表大会第五次会议通过《西藏自治区学习、使用和发展藏语文的若干规定（试行）》。西藏自治区的教育系统则全面推行以藏语文授课为主的双语教育体系，并编译出版有从小学至高中所有课程的藏语教材和教学参考资料。1999年10月，西藏电视台卫视频道开播，每日均有藏语节目和藏语译制片播出。
藏语大致可分为卫藏、康和安多三种方言，西藏大部分地区均为卫藏方言，昌都地区为康方言。
汉语
西藏的汉族人口占总人口的9%，主要集中居住在拉萨市，操汉语。西藏汉族的汉语方言不仅受藏语等多种少数民族语言影响，也有多种汉语方言融合的现象，四川、陕西、山西、湖南等地的方言互相影响与原迁来地的方言出现差异。拉萨使用人口最多的汉语方言为西南官话。
门巴语
门巴语属藏语支，
参考
西藏语言
中国各省语言
|
Johanna Danois (born 4 April 1987 in Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe) is a French sprinter. She competed for the French team in the 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics, which was disqualified in Round 1.
References
1987 births
Living people
French female sprinters
French people of Guadeloupean descent
Olympic athletes for France
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
People from Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe
Olympic female sprinters
|
西點之役，是美國南北戰爭時，於1865年4月16日發生在喬治亞州西點的泰勒堡（Fort Tyler）的戰役，當時在維吉尼亞的羅伯特·李已經在7日前向尤里西斯·格蘭特將軍投降，因此此戰役是美國內戰最後戰役中的其中一場（1865年6月帕米圖農場之役是內戰中最後一場正式戰役），泰勒堡亦是最後一座被北軍攻佔的南方堡壘。
戰前
美國南北內戰前的西點只是座農村，但在建設鐵路之後其地理位置就提升了，內戰期間更在此設立醫院等設施。1863年的蓋茨堡戰役後，南軍的勝利機會越來越小，而北方的敵人一路上勢如破竹。原因是南部多數城鎮等都小到難以防守，有些地區的居民甚至一見到敵軍就投降。在查塔胡其河（Chattahoochee River）和密西西比州最後一批的南方正規軍，亦先後投降。
北方軍隊在攻克了亞特蘭大之後，南軍的兵工廠就遷往哥倫布，因為當地有鐵路、軍械、戰艦、工場和三座堡壘等設施，有三千人駐守。但北軍只派了400人和一些騎兵，就攻下當地的三座堡壘，然後雙方的行動進一步變成戰役。
同時，在西點這裡，南方的泰勒將軍和快要痊癒的傷兵都聚集於此，其中多數人應該都不是北軍的對手，因為軍隊的成員多數太年青或相反的太年老，但泰勒將軍仍要求他們進行防守。
當然威爾遜將軍，則率領13000人穿過阿拉巴馬，沿途破壞南軍所有軍事工具。威爾遜計畫穿過喬治亞洲而攻擊南方的兩個大本營卡羅來納，但這條路線會經過有南軍駐紮的西點。
4月16日，奧斯卡·休·拉格蘭奇中將（Oscar Hugh La Grange）派遣羅斯威爾·希爾的印地安那第二騎兵團，從歐本出發，隨後是霍瑞斯·P·林遜（Horace P. Lamson）率領的印地安那第四騎兵團與摩西斯·貝克的印地安那第十八炮兵團。拉格蘭奇中將的軍力達3750人，他的主要任務是消滅位於鐵路附近的敵人，並且要破壞鐵路，還有攻佔西點的橋。
當年星期天正好是復活節，泰勒將軍發現到拉格蘭奇中將的大軍正一步步的逼近，於是派出120人守衛堡壘（其中有軍人，也有醫護人員與孩童），而堡壘本身都有三具大砲（一門重32磅，另外兩門重12磅）。因為佩服泰勒將軍的勇氣，這120人就把堡壘命名為泰勒堡，而有些參與者在當天戰前的所作所為都被記錄下來，成為日後流傳當地的民間傳說。
戰役開始
4月16日早上10時至11時，戰役開始。拉格蘭奇中將派出三個團突擊泰勒將軍，自己則率領印地安那第四騎兵團過橋，但砲彈擊斃了他的馬，讓差點罹難的拉格蘭奇中將開始重新考慮戰略。
泰勒將軍則在西點外升起一面旗，他表明自己寧可先死去也不會投降。之後，一枚砲彈的碎片擊破了升降索，這面旗就不受控地飄揚，17歲的青年查爾斯·麥可尼爾（Charlie McNeil）則立即爬上旗桿把旗子固定好，當時南軍陣營傳出歡呼的聲音，據說查爾斯在下來之前，還挑釁的向北軍敬禮。
到了中午，北軍企圖攻佔最外面的房子以作為掩護。南軍當中有人此時勸告泰勒將軍，要趕緊拆掉它們，但是泰勒將軍堅持寧可先死去都不會投降的原則，連一座房子都不會放棄。最後北軍因此成功的攻佔了屋子，並得以攻擊泰勒堡的南側（八英尺厚的土牆），但幸運的是土牆後有八英尺高、六英尺闊的防禦工事，可以擋住敵人的射擊。
但後來，泰勒將軍絲毫不理會子彈的射擊，無懼地走向敵人所在之處，最後中途就被子彈擊中倒了下來。而南軍在泰勒將軍倒下之後，仍堅持繼續作戰，直到太陽西下而彈藥用盡之後，才得投降。
戰後
北方有7人陣亡，29人受傷（北軍亦完成了任務）
南軍有19人死亡，28人受傷
W
|
洛索洛芬钠胶囊成分或处方？洛索洛芬钠
|
万昌镇，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。
行政区划
万昌镇下辖以下地区：
。
特产
万昌大米：中国地理标志产品。
参考资料
|
上腹弥漫性压痛的鉴别诊断？上腹部肿块及腹胀：是指在腹部检查时可触及到的异常包块。腹胀即腹部胀大或胀满不适。两种症状一起出现可见与心脏，肝胆，胰腺的问题。右上腹持续性剧痛并向右肩部放射：急性胆囊炎的症状之一。急性胆囊炎(acute cholecystitis)是由于胆囊管阻塞和细菌侵袭而引起的胆囊炎症;其典型临床特征为右上腹阵发性绞痛，伴有明显的触痛和腹肌强直。左上腹囊性包块有压痛：左上腹囊性炎性包块有明显压痛，如上腹中部触到包块常为胃或胰腺的肿瘤、囊肿或胃内结石。上腹部疼痛是指由于各种原因引起的腹腔内外脏器的病变，而表现为腹部的疼痛。饥饿时上腹痛：十二指肠溃疡的一种临床表现。疼痛出现于腹上部的中央，正好在脐上或就在中线的右边。典型的十二指肠溃疡疼痛常在餐后2-3小时发生(空腹痛)，持续不减，直至进食或服制酸剂后缓。胃结块症-诊断特别是有咬嚼自己头发的病史或吞食大量黑枣、柿子的病史对诊断很有价值钡餐X线检查可见胃内有巨大的充盈缺损区，推之能移动;腹部B超检查可发现巨大强反射光团，均有助于诊断。纤维内镜检查可在直视下观察到胃石的大小、形状和性质，并可将植物性胃石捣碎，以利排出，达到治疗的目的。秋季，有进食柿子、黑枣等病史，有典型症状，借助X线B超、胃镜检查即可确诊。胃结块症-诊断要点1、有大量进食柿子、黑枣等病史。2、胃部不适，上腹部呈持续性轻度疼痛，胀满感，可伴恶心，呕吐，食欲减退，日渐消瘦，乏力等。3、上腹中部或偏左可触及活动、质硬、边缘清楚的肿块，有轻度压痛。4、腹部平片可见结块阴影;GI可见胃内有随体位移动的充盈缺损。胃镜可看到移动柿石，并可钳取其碎块以明确诊断。B超也有助于诊断。
|
J-Walk（）為韓國ZAP Entertainment於2002年推出的二人男子音樂組合，由韓國第一代偶像團體水晶男孩成員金在德、張水院組成。2002年3月14日，J-Walk於音樂節目《》以歌曲〈Suddenly〉正式出道。2004年，J-Walk與樂隊四名成員合組六人團體JNC進行活動。迄今，J-Walk共發行三張正規專輯、兩張迷你專輯與多首單曲。
2016年4月，水晶男孩全體成員於MBC綜藝節目《無限挑戰》企劃特輯《星期六星期六是歌手（六六歌）》第二季首度合體，節目播出後獲得巨大迴響。同年5月，除目前身為事業家的高志溶外，其餘五名成員與YG娛樂簽訂團體約，正式回歸韓國樂壇。目前，金在德及張水院專注於水晶男孩團體活動，J-Walk團體活動則暫時中止。
組合資料
團名由來
水晶男孩於2000年5月20日正式解散後，六名成員各自發展，其中金在德與張水院攜手組成二人團體繼續進行音樂活動。由於在水晶男孩時期，金在德的Rap帶有濃厚釜山口音，而張水院擔任副唱但每首歌的歌唱部分不多，故未被業界看好。因此，二人決定團體取名為「J-Walk」，團體名稱來自英文單字「jaywalk」，象徵「在創作音樂的過程中，不管有什麼障礙都不會屈服，勇往直前」。
粉絲名稱
J-Walk的官方粉絲名稱為「Police」。由於J-Walk團名取自英文單字「jaywalk」，有「違規穿越馬路」之意，故粉絲名稱選用「Police」有著粉絲會時時刻刻關注J-Walk的寓意。
成員資料
演藝經歷
2000年－2001年
2000年5月20日，韓國第一代偶像團體水晶男孩在夢想演唱會作告別演出後正式解散，六名成員各自發展。其中，隊中作為舞蹈及Rap擔當的金在德計劃朝音樂製作人方向發展，而副唱張水院則決定專注學業。由於金在德與張水院均於慶熙大學就讀戲劇電影學系學士課程，二人成為密友，其後更與NANA SCHOOL出身的金鍾秀（김종수，音譯）開辦舞蹈學校SPEC，培育舞蹈人才。在管理舞蹈學校的同時，金在德與張水院計劃聯手籌備專輯，重新開展音樂活動。
2002年－2003年
2002年，金在德與張水院加入在水晶男孩時期經常合作的音樂製作人安成日（안성일，音譯）所成立的經紀公司ZAP Entertainment，組成二人團體繼續進行音樂活動。但由於在水晶男孩時期，金在德的Rap帶有濃厚釜山口音，而張水院擔任副唱但每首歌的歌唱部分不多，故未被業界看好。因此，二人決定團體取名為「J-Walk」，團體名稱來自英文單字「jaywalk」，象徵「在創作音樂的過程中，不管有什麼障礙都不會屈服，勇往直前」。
3月14日，J-Walk於音樂節目《》正式出道，演唱由安成日製作的抒情歌曲〈Suddenly〉。由於歌曲風格有別於水晶男孩的舞曲形象，加上主唱張水院展現紮實唱功，讓人眼前一亮。3月23日，J-Walk發行出道專輯《》，獲得一片好評，專業評論與市場反應雙雙告捷。主打歌〈Suddenly〉其後更於SBS音樂節目《人氣歌謠》登上一位候補，為當時各自發展的水晶男孩成員之間的最佳成績。
由於首張專輯獲得極大迴響，J-Walk緊接於同年10月15日推出第二張正規專輯《》，同樣受到樂迷喜愛。雖然正規二輯成績不及一輯，但火熱的人氣使J-Walk於年末舉行的「SBS歌謠大戰」與前團員姜成勳共同獲得「人氣獎」。
2004年－2005年
由於ZAP Entertainment旗下只有J-Walk一組歌手，加上自正規二輯發行後，新專輯的發行一再延後，使ZAP Entertainment出現嚴重的經營困難，最終被迫停業。J-Walk其後轉投Kiss Entertainment，同門歌手包括女子組合Chakra及樂隊，其中為金在德與張水院在水晶男孩時期的同門師弟團。
2004年9月，Kiss Entertainment宣佈J-Walk將與其中四名成員禹然晳、金泰亨、吳鐘赫、金相赫組成六人企劃組合JNC。9月15日，JNC於音樂節目《》以主打歌〈過了一天 (하루가 지나고)〉出道。10月6日，JNC發行首張正規專輯《The New History Begins》。然而，JNC此後並未有再推出新作品，J-Walk亦於合約到期後離開Kiss Entertainment。
2007年－2009年
2007年1月，張水院與造型師共同開設服飾購物中心DRESSMAN，並透露J-Walk正籌備新專輯。10月15日，睽違樂壇五年的J-Walk發行首張迷你專輯《》，為J-Walk轉投Vitamin Entertainment後首張音樂作品。同日晚上，J-Walk於首爾大學路Donkey Hall舉行新專輯Showcase暨水晶男孩成立十周年紀念活動，前團員殷志源及李宰鎮亦有出席。
2008年6月2日，在距離J-Walk新專輯發行日期僅餘兩週時，Vitamin Entertainment宣佈金在德將於6月4日入伍。6月9日，J-Walk推出第三張正規專輯《》，其中水晶男孩前團員殷志源參與專輯同名主打歌的Rap部分。由於金在德正在服役，新專輯的宣傳活動由張水院獨自進行。
2009年3月17日，J-Walk發行首張單曲專輯《呼喊愛你 (사랑한다 외쳐요)》，所收錄的專輯同名主打歌及〈心裡 (가슴속)〉兩首單曲均於金在德入伍前完成錄音。12月30日，張水院亦正式入伍，J-Walk團體活動暫時中止。
2010年－2012年
2010年4月21日，金在德首先退伍，正式結束為期22個月的兵役。金在德於服役期間與H.O.T.成員Tony An共事並結為好友，兩人退伍後更成為室友，Tony An亦邀請金在德到他創立的娛樂公司TN Nation Entertainment擔任理事一職，負責訓練公司旗下藝人。
2011年9月7日，金在德發行個人首張數位單曲〈Get On The Floor〉，為其退伍後首張以J-Walk成員身份推出的音樂作品。10月20日，張水院正式退伍，結束為期22個月的兵役。
2012年2月23日，J-Walk於退伍後首度合體，為SBS水木迷你連續劇《拜託了，機長》演唱OST〈反〉，該OST其後於3月1日推出。此後金在德主要專注於處理娛樂公司事務及出演綜藝節目，張水院則和朋友一起成立製造制服和麻布的公司，擔任登記理事一職。
2013年－2015年
2013年，J-Walk轉投經紀公司A&G Modes。6月3日，J-Walk宣佈將以群眾募資形式製作第二張迷你專輯，於9月份發行回歸樂壇。8月14日中午，J-Walk通過線上音源網站公開了第二張迷你專輯《》的收錄曲〈Frappuccino〉，發行當天登上Cyworld Music實時榜單第三位、BUGS及排行榜第四位。11月29日，J-Walk公開第二首收錄曲〈初雪那天 (첫눈 오는 날)〉，並宣佈專輯將於12月中旬推出。12月12日，J-Walk發行迷你專輯《》，同日公開主打歌〈Painfully〉完整版MV。
2013年9月13日，張水院主演的KBS2 TV週五劇《》偶像特輯播出，其平淡的表情和沒有抑揚頓挫的語調被謔稱蹩腳演技，招致不少惡評。不料在2014年5月28日播出的MBC綜藝節目《黃金漁場 Radio Star》演技之神特輯中，張水院坦率真誠的態度十分討喜，蹩腳演技反成萌點，因而大受歡迎，讓他在節目播出當下即登上韓網熱搜榜。其後用機器人語氣說著劇中台詞「沒關係嗎？」「嚇到了吧？」一時蔚為熱潮，不僅在各種綜藝節目中被爭相模仿，本人也成為綜藝節目新寵，各方邀約蜂擁而至，甚至以機器人形象接拍多支廣告和宣傳片。
2013年11月26日，金在德和張水院在水晶男孩時期的所屬經紀公司DSP Media宣佈J-Walk將出席於12月14日首度舉行的家族演唱會「DSP Festival」，屆時更會與早前答應出席的前團員殷志源以水晶男孩名義表演，為水晶男孩自2000年解散後睽違十三年的正式舞台。
2014年1月27日，張水院與新人歌手Jui發表合作項目「Never Land Project」的數位單曲〈還需要說什麼 (무슨말이 필요해)〉。
4月24日，J-Walk再推出數位單曲〈保佑 (비나이다)〉，此後J-Walk團體活動以出演綜藝節目為主。
2016年－2018年
2016年4月，MBC綜藝節目《無限挑戰》企劃特輯《星期六星期六是歌手（六六歌）》第二季以水晶男孩為特輯主角，六名成員在團體解散16年後首度合體。不僅游擊演唱會大為成功，節目播出後亦獲得巨大迴響，多首當年名曲重新回到音源榜內。成員們的凍齡外貌與更上一層樓的專業實力更是深受好評，也因此讓他們在國民的殷切期待中，順利重返韓國樂壇。5月11日發表官方聲明，除目前身為事業家的高志溶外，其餘五人與YG娛樂簽訂團體約，正式以SECHSKIES之名重啟活動，J-Walk團體活動因而暫時中止。
2018年4月25日，YG娛樂宣佈J-Walk將於6月23日舉行粉絲見面會「J-WALK 2018 PRIVATE STAGE - WALK, PLAY, LOVE」，為組合自轉投YG娛樂後首個粉絲見面會。
音樂作品
正規專輯
迷你專輯
數位單曲
其他歌曲
獎項
參考資料
外部連結
官方粉絲俱樂部Police
・・
・
水晶男孩
J
J
J
J
|
双侧隐睾症手术后能生育吗？隐睾是指睾丸隐藏在腹腔而未下降至阴囊内的一种病证，可分为睾丸未降及睾丸异位两类。隐睾分单侧和双侧。双侧隐睾是指男性的两个睾丸都是隐睾的情况。双侧隐睾手术后，只要注意护理，大部分男性都是能够正常生育的。而手术后的护理措施为：1、隐睾症患者在接受完手术治疗以后6小时才可以吃流质食物，第二天如果一切正常的话，就可以吃一些容易消化的、含纤维素高的食物了，并且一定要多喝水，多吃新鲜的蔬菜水果，这样可以防止便秘，因为便秘会是患者伤口伤口破裂的。2、隐睾症患者在做完手术后应该检查检查患者的神志是否清楚，如果还没有从麻药中清醒过来的话，应该去掉枕头平躺，头要偏向一侧，防止误吸。3、如果做完手术后患者的阴囊出现了红肿现象的话，不用过于担心，这是正常现象，过几天就会没有了，这时候为了避免阴囊渗出增加，不要过早下地活动。4、保持下阴部位的伤口清洁干燥，如果被弄湿的话及时更换新的敷料，这么做也是为了防止伤口感染。伤口疼痛的时候，可以使用深呼吸的办法缓解疼痛，如果还是疼痛难忍的话，就可以让医生一些止疼药。5、隐睾症患者在做完手术后应该保持平躺，这样可以减少腹部的压力，使得手术部位可以更快愈合。隐睾对男性身体有很大的危害：1、睾丸恶变，当出现隐睾的时候，就很容易让睾丸细胞出现恶变的情况，导致恶性肿瘤的出现，而这个出现的几率差不多占正常睾丸的35倍左右。2、睾丸扭转，有隐睾的时候就会出现睾丸引带的效果，导致“钟锤样改变”的出现，这个就非常出现睾丸扭转的情况发生。3、容易出现外伤，因为睾丸是处于阴囊里面的，睾丸的活动度变得非常的大，这也就非常不容易被外物击伤，而要是睾丸在腹股沟出现在腹股沟里面的话就会被挤压，被伤害到。所以说如果出现隐睾的话就很容易导致睾丸被击伤的情况。4、导致不育，大家都知道精子都是靠睾丸生成的，而一旦出现隐睾的话就导致精子生成量变少了，这个时候就非常容易出现不育的情况。
|
服用复方叶酸注射液须注意的事项？抗生素类药物影响微生物法测定血清或红细胞中叶酸浓度，常出现浓度偏低的假象，用药前应加注意。
|
蛋白质合成（protein synthesis）是根據DNA和RNA組成蛋白質。
可用于三种语境：
生物体内翻译合成蛋白质的过程。
在离体条件下，由信息核糖核酸（mRNA）指导合成蛋白质的过程。
在体外，按人为设计的氨基酸顺序，将氨基酸逐个人工连接成多肽的化学合成过程，目前已有自动化操作技术。
上述三情况，可分为蛋白質的生物合成和蛋白質的人工合成，两者方法大不相同。
有關生物學（自然）上的蛋白質合成，請見蛋白質生物合成。
有關人工的蛋白質合成，請見肽合成。
|
War Music may refer to:
War Music (composition), a 2015 musical composition by James Ledger
War Music (poem), a project of British poet Christopher Logue
War Music (Refused album)
War Music (Slim the Mobster album)
War Music (Vampire Rodents album)
See also
War song
Urgh! A Music War
|
瓦諾克特區（），是秘魯的一個區，位於該國南部庫斯科大區的帕魯羅省，始建於1825年6月21日，面積362.67平方公里，海拔高度3,396米，2005年人口5,920，人口密度每平方公里16人。
參考資料
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Banco de Información Distrital. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
inei.gob.pe INEI, Peru, Censos Nacionales 2007, Frequencias: Preguntas de Población: Idioma o lengua con el que aprendió hablar (in Spanish)
秘魯行政區
|
吉曼草（学名：）为禾本科吉曼草属下的一个种。
参考文献
J
|
亨利·朱利安·費利克斯·盧梭（Henri Julien Félix Rousseau、）是法國後印象派畫家，以纯真、原始的风格著称。 他曾经是一名海关的收税员，也是自学成才的天才画家，其作品具有极高的艺术水准。代表畫作為《夢境》、《沉睡的吉普赛人》等。
生平
卢梭出生于法国的西北部卢瓦尔河谷的小镇拿瓦，一个锡匠的家庭。 。后来父亲负债，房产被抵押并且搬出了镇子，卢梭便从卢瓦尔高中的走读生转为寄宿生。他的大部分学科成绩一般，但获得过绘画和音乐方面的奖項。 1863年起，他在律所工作学习法律，可是因为“牵涉到一个小的伪证罪，于是参军以求避难”， 在军中服役4年。父亲逝世后，卢梭搬到巴黎，从事一份政府雇员的工作，同时陪伴寡母。1868年，他和房东的女儿，15岁的Clémence Boitard结婚，婚后育有6个子女（只有一个活了下来）。1871年，被任命为巴黎入市税征收处的收税员。1888年，妻子Clémence 逝世。1898年，和Josephine Noury结婚。卢梭直到49岁才真正开始投入绘画事业，那时他已经退休，终于成为了一位全职的画家.
卢梭声称对他来说“大自然就是老师”， 虽然他也承认自己接受过他人的指导，费利克斯·奥古斯特·克莱芒和Jean-Léon Gérôme，这两位都是已经有所建树的受过正规教育的畫家。 总的来说，他的确是自学成才，他的画被看作是纯真、原始的风格。
画作
卢梭最为著名的是描绘丛林场景的画，事实上他从没离开法国，更没见过真的丛林。喜欢卢梭的人们传说，这些场景源自于他在服役军中的见闻，还说是前往墨西哥的法国远征军（French intervention in Mexico）。这些传说毫无根据。实际上，卢梭的灵感来源于图画书、巴黎的植物园、野生动物标本。军中服役时，他常常与那些法国探险队的幸存者聊天，听他们讲述在墨西哥等亚热带国家的见闻。卢梭对评论家阿瑟亚历山大说他曾频繁的参观植物园（Jardin des Plantes）：“每当我走进大玻璃房，看到那些来自异国的神奇植物，就好像走进了梦中。”
伴随着那些异国风光的画作，还有一系列的小作品是描绘城市和郊区场景的。
将人物放在画面的前景，后面画上城市中有代表性的一部分场景。通过这种同时表达两个主题的方式，卢梭自创了一种被他叫作“肖像风景”的新画派。
批评与认同
卢梭的画中那种平淡、有些孩子气的风格，常受到评论家的轻视，观者要么为之震惊，要么付之一笑。 许多观察家评价说，他画得像孩子，同时融入了高度的专业技巧。
从1886年起，尽管作品还没有出名，他还是定期参加画家独立协会的沙龙展（Salon des Indépendants），关注度逐年上升。1891年展出《》（又名《意料之外！》），卢梭首次收到关键性的评论，年轻艺术家菲利克斯·瓦洛東（Félix Vallotton）写道：“《惊奇》是不容错过的，数一数二的画作。”然而卢梭在十年后才重新创作他的丛林画系列。
1893年，卢梭住进了位于Montparnasse的画室里，直到1910年逝世。1897年，他创作了生平最著名的画作《沉睡的吉普赛人》。
1905年，大型丛林画《》在画家协会独立沙龙展上展出，同时参展的还有年轻的先锋艺术家马蒂斯，这次画展后来被视为野兽派的首次亮相。卢梭的画也许对“野兽派”这个名称产生了一定影响。
1907年，另一位艺术家罗伯特·德劳内（Robert Delaunay）的母亲巴福 德劳内伯爵夫人委托卢梭完成了作品《弄蛇女》。
年轻的艺术家毕加索无意中见到卢梭在大街上卖的一幅画，立刻意识到卢梭所拥有的天赋。1908年，毕加索以卢梭的名义在自己的工作室Le Bateau-Lavoir里主办了一场宴会，“卢梭之夜”，宴会既正式，又伴有滑稽娱乐。
1893年退休之后，卢梭靠着退休金生活，做过兼职工作，甚至在街头拉小提琴。给Le petit杂志做过一些封面。
1910年9月2日，卢梭在巴黎的Necker医院与世长辞。数月之前，他刚刚在独立画展（Salon des Independants）上展出了最后的画作《梦境》。他被安葬在，有7位朋友出席了他的葬礼。包括画家保罗·希涅克和Manuel Ortiz de Zárate，艺术家羅伯特·德勞奈（Robert Delaunay）和Sonia Terk夫妇，雕塑家Brâncuşi，卢梭的房东Armand Queval以及纪尧姆·阿波利奈尔。其中Brâncuşi为他在墓碑上刻下阿波利奈尔题写的墓志铭：
向您致敬，温文的卢梭，愿您能听到。
Delaunay, 他的妻子, 还有我Queval。
愿我们的行囊能自由通过天堂之门，
为您带上画笔、颜料和画布，
使您在天堂之光中，将宝贵的闲暇都用来追寻绘画之真谛。
如同曾经为我作画时一样，
那有星空、狮子、沉睡的吉普赛人。
遗产
卢梭的作品“对后来几代先锋艺术家产生了广泛影响，从毕加索开始，包括让·雨果（Jean Hugo），莱热，贝克曼和超现实主义，”根据《纽约时报》评论家Roberta Smith的观点。“比如贝克曼——一位奇异的自画像画家——就传承了卢梭在肖像画《Pierre Loti》中的经典范式。”
在1998年，米歇爾·歐斯洛（Michel Ocelot）创作的动画电影《叽哩咕和女巫》，其视觉风格的部分灵感来源于卢梭，尤其是丛林植被的描绘。
评论家也注意到卢梭在Wallace Stevens创作的诗歌中的影响。参见其诗集《小风琴》（Harmonium）。
动画电影《马达加斯加》从卢梭的一幅作品中受到启发。 Joni Mitchell的歌曲《丛林》是基于卢梭的画作而创作的。
Joni Mitchell的歌曲《The Jungle Line》是基于卢梭的画作而创作的。
《-{zh-hans:少年印第安纳琼斯大冒险; zh-tw:百勝天龍（少年印第安納瓊斯）; zh-hk:少年奪寶奇兵;}-》電視劇，1993年劇集〈〉由飾演盧梭。
画展
1911年，独立沙龙推出了卢梭作品回顾展。其作品也在第一届的藍騎士展览中亮相。
1984年到1985年，巴黎大皇宫美术馆和纽约現代藝術博物館举办了两场重要的卢梭作品展。
2001年，德国蒂宾根也推出了一次卢梭展。
2005年11月开始，泰特美术馆和奥塞美術馆联合举办了一场为期4个月的重要画展“亨利·卢梭：巴黎丛林”。
2006年7月16日到2006年11月15日，该画展同49幅卢梭作品，在美国华盛顿國家藝廊展出。
2006年3月15日到2006年6月19日，巴黎大皇宫美术馆集中展出了卢梭的主要作品。
画廊
参考資料
外部連結
Henrirousseau.org , 118 works by Henri Rousseau
Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris, at the National Gallery of Art
Rousseau text written for young readers Brief introduction to the artist's life and art. Entry contains links to two large reproductions of Rousseau paintings in the National Gallery of Art, a 4th grade lesson relating Rousseau's paintings to ecology, and hands-on activities suitable for classroom or home study.
Ten Dreams Galleries
The Sleeping Gypsy in the MoMA Online Collection
法國畫家
后印象派画家
素人画家
安葬于巴黎者
|
The 14th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film writers and television writers of 1961. Winners were announced in 1962.
Winners & Nominees
Film
Winners are listed first highlighted in boldface.
Television
Special Awards
References
External links
WGA.org
1961
W
Writers Guild of America Awards
Writers Guild of America Awards
Writers Guild of America Awards
|
如何判断宝宝睾丸正常？家长要如何判断男宝宝睾丸是否正常呢？想要在孩子成年后睾丸健康，就要从男宝宝的婴儿期开始护理哦。同时，判断男宝宝睾丸是否正常的方法也是很简单的。爸爸妈妈一起来看看吧。如何判断男宝宝睾丸是否正常位置：正常睾丸应在阴囊内，左右对称，高低差别不大。如果不在阴囊内是不正常的。大小：睾丸大小符合正常标准，双侧大小基本相等，差别太大是不正常的。数目：正常睾丸为两个，缺少或增加都是不正常的。质地：睾丸质地也是判断睾丸是否正常的一个指标。正常的睾丸质地硬韧而有一定的弹性，硬而没有弹性，应考虑肿瘤或纤维化的可能性，而过于柔软则表明内部组织可能遭到破坏。活动：正常睾丸在阴囊内有一定活动度，可以上缩和下垂，但不应该消失。如果睾丸容易回缩到腹股沟，是不完全性隐睾。阴囊：阴囊发育情况可以间接判断睾丸发育，如果阴囊发育不良，仅是一张皮，不像一个囊，也表示睾丸没有发育好。阴茎：小阴茎、隐匿阴茎、阴茎发育不良，睾丸也往往发育不正常，需要同时检查睾丸。肥胖：过度肥胖对睾丸、阴囊和阴囊发育有不良影响，对肥胖症儿童需要注意检查生殖器官的发育。男宝宝睾丸护理原则出生后至2岁：要注意观察是否存在“隐睾”。胎儿时期，男孩的双侧睾丸是藏在腹腔的，出生后下降至阴囊。睾丸需要的环境温度比体温低2℃。如果男婴睾丸没有正常下降，继续待在腹腔内，可能被热坏。不仅会导致成年后生育能力低下或完全丧失，还有较高风险得睾丸癌。建议，男宝宝出生后，父母注意观察阴囊里是否有蚕豆大小的内容物，如果阴囊空瘪，应尽快到泌尿外科就诊，进行治疗。
|
The 1974–75 Indianapolis Racers season was the first season of operation of the Indianapolis Racers in the World Hockey Association. The Racers finished fourth to miss the playoffs.
Offseason
Regular season
Final standings
Game log
Player stats
Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals
MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;
Awards and records
Transactions
Draft picks
Indianapolis's draft picks at the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft.
Farm teams
See also
1974–75 WHA season
References
External links
Ind
Ind
Indianapolis Racers seasons
|
维莱苏沙拉蒙（，）是法国杜省的一个市镇，属于蓬塔利耶区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大區杜省，该省份为法国东部内陆省份，北起上索恩省，西接汝拉省，东部及东南部与瑞士接壤，东北部与贝尔福地区省接壤。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
杜省市镇列表
参考文献
杜省市镇
|
新巴甫利夫卡（）可以指以下乌克兰地名：
村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (克拉斯諾赫拉德區)：哈爾科夫州的克拉斯諾赫拉德區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (洛佐瓦區)：哈爾科夫州的洛佐瓦區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (巴爾溫科韋市鎮)：哈爾科夫州的伊久姆區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (庫尼耶市鎮)：哈爾科夫州的伊久姆區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (波洛希區)：扎波羅熱州的波洛希區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (贝尔江斯克区)：扎波羅熱州的貝爾江斯克區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (贝里斯拉夫区)：赫爾松州的貝里斯拉夫區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (斯卡多夫斯克区)：赫爾松州的斯卡多夫斯克區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (尼古拉耶夫區)：尼古拉耶夫州的尼古拉耶夫區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (巴什坦卡區)：尼古拉耶夫州的巴什坦卡區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (沃茲涅先斯克區)：尼古拉耶夫州的沃茲涅先斯克區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (弗拉季伊夫卡市鎮)：尼古拉耶夫州的五一城區的村莊
：尼古拉耶夫州的五一城區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (貝雷濟夫卡區)：敖德薩州的貝雷濟夫卡區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (采布里科韋市鎮)：敖德薩州的羅茲季利納區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (扎哈里夫卡市鎮)：敖德薩州的羅茲季利納區的村莊
新巴甫利夫卡 (尼科波爾區)：第聶伯羅彼得羅夫斯克州的尼科波爾區的村莊
參見
巴甫利夫卡
|
「冷暖天氣提示服務」於2020年12月28日推出，取代原有的「溫度指數」，讓市民可及早採取消暑及防寒措施，減少因極端高溫或者低溫天氣對市民帶來的影響。該提示綜合考慮澳門出現酷熱和寒冷天氣的程度、持續時間和頻率來制定。級別與溫度指數的酷熱和寒冷等級一致，分為高溫提示及低溫提示兩類，分別提醒酷熱和寒冷天氣，各類提示再分有黃色和橙色兩級，其中橙色級別的嚴重程度比黃色大。
前身
溫度指數是澳門地球物理暨氣象局為了讓澳門居民更易掌握天氣變化狀況而推出的指數，在2010年1月中旬被提出，正式設立於2010年3月23日，此指數以氣溫作為主要參考，但其他的氣象元素也會作出衡量。服務推出初期分為實測和翌日預測兩部分。實測指數每小時發放一次，翌日預測指數則於每天下午5時發出。隨著冷暖天氣提示服務於2020年12月28日推出，翌日預測指數被該服務所取代，而實測指數只透過RSS發放。
溫度指數分為普通、酷熱及寒冷三類，酷熱和寒冷再各自分有黃色和橙色兩級，基本上是模仿中國氣象局的低溫和高溫預警信號。故此共分為以下五種指數級別：
橙色酷熱（預測最高氣溫在36度或以上）
黃色酷熱（預測最高氣溫在33至35度之間）
普通（預測最低氣溫在12度以上且最高氣溫在33度以下）
黃色寒冷（預測最低氣溫在8至12度之間）
橙色寒冷（預測最低氣溫在7度或以下）
分級
橙色高溫提示（預測最高氣溫在36度或以上）
黃色高溫提示（預測最高氣溫在33至35度之間）
黃色低溫提示（預測最低氣溫在8至12度之間）
橙色低溫提示（預測最低氣溫在7度或以下）
其中橙色級別的嚴重程度比黃色大。
當提示為酷熱時，市民應穿較薄、淺色和寬鬆的衣服；在戶外則不應長時間在陽光下曝曬，注意在適當的時候補充水份；下午高溫時段也盡量避免在戶外進行活動；並須提防因高溫所導致的疾病。
而當提示為寒冷時，市民應多穿衣服以作保暖；避免長時間逗留在寒冷環境；天氣晴朗時，可到戶外進行適量活動和在陽光下曝曬，但前提是身體狀況與周圍環境許可下；並須提防因低溫所導致的疾病。
溫度指數之最
氣象局總部錄得的最低氣溫紀錄︰2016年1月24日下午2時15分，錄得1.6℃
氣象局總部錄得的最高氣溫紀錄︰2017年8月22日下午2時25分，錄得38.0℃
澳門境內錄得的最高氣溫紀錄︰2017年8月22日下午2時35分，錄得39.0℃ (九澳站)
冷暖天氣提示之最
氣象局總部錄得的最高氣溫但全日沒有發出高溫天氣提示紀錄：2021年8月7日、2022年8月7日，錄得33.2℃。
氣象局總部錄得的最高氣溫但當時沒有發出高溫天氣提示紀錄：2022年8月3日，錄得33.9℃。
氣象局總部錄得的最高氣溫但當時沒有發出高溫天氣提示紀錄：2023年6月2日，錄得32.9℃。
氣象局總部錄得的最低氣溫但當時沒有發出低溫天氣提示紀錄：2022年1月11日，錄得12.4℃。
氣象局總部錄得最短生效時間的冷暖天氣提示：2022年8月3日10:35-12:00分發出的黃色高溫提示，生效時間只有85分鐘，只有氣象局總部錄得最高32.7度。
參考資料
澳門氣候
|
The men's team revolver and pistol competition was one of 15 shooting sports events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 11 July. There were 28 competitors from 7 nations, with each nation sending a team of four. The event was won by the United States in the nation's debut in the event. All three teams on the podium were new; Great Britain (bronze) was also making its debut, while Belgium (silver) had finished fourth in 1900.
Background
This was the second appearance of a team version of what would become (for individuals) standardised as the men's ISSF 50 meter pistol event. The team event was held 4 times, at every Summer Olympics from 1900 to 1920 (except 1904, when no shooting events were held).
Great Britain, Greece, Sweden, and the United States each made their debut in the event. Belgium, France, and the Netherlands made their second appearance, having previously competed in 1900. Reigning champion Switzerland did not return.
Competition format
The competition had each shooter fire 60 shots, in 10 series of 6 shots each, at a distance of 50 yards. The target was round, 50 centimetres in diameter, with 10 scoring rings. Scoring for each shot was up to 10 points, in increments of 1 point. The maximum individual score possible was 600 points, with a team maximum of 2400 points. Any revolver or pistol could be used; only open sights were allowed. Any ammunition with a metal cartridge case could be used. The individual and team events were separate, with scores not carrying over.
Schedule
Results
References
Sources
Men's pistol team free
|
李子芳（），近現代八極拳武術家。祖父為清末民初名武師李書文。
生平
李子芳祖籍河北滄縣，出生於天津小站鎮，其後人指出李子芳在家譜中為「芝」字輩，正確應為李芝芳，李子芳之名實屬誤傳。
其父李東堂為清末武術名家李書文之過繼子。李書文之弟李桐文因兄長無嗣，將兒子過繼給他；因此李子芳在族譜上為李書文之孫。
李子芳隨父親居住在小站鎮東閘口，李書文亦經常至此。由於他對孫子輩十分慈祥，常親自督促他們習武，因此李子芳等稱其為「把式爺爺」。
後來，李子芳正式跟隨李書文與其師弟張毓衡習武。為避免拳譜輩份混亂，李書文指定徒弟高熙臣為李子芳師父。
1934年，李書文在李子芳家中過世，遺體歸葬滄州鹽山。李子芳繼續跟隨師父高熙臣，師叔魏鴻恩、張子亭、魏鴻濱、馬秀樹等人習武，其中，以張毓衡的徒弟張子亭指導的時間最長。
學成後，李子芳在天津北閘口一帶繼續傳授八極拳，門徒甚多，其子李樹茂亦受其傳承，其一門至今仍於武術界活躍。
註釋
八极拳
天津人
中国武术家
|
卧床老人长褥疮能活多久？从压疮开始到治疗结束，患有压疮的患者需要进行全身干预，包括减压措施，根据患者的个人情况制定减压计划，例如使用减压床垫和计划每两个小时翻身一次。为了减少局部压迫，还有一个软枕头用于部分骨突出，还有一个减压床垫，如动态充气，取决于患者是否可以翻身翻身，主观愿望，经济状况，以及资源的可用性。床垫，静态空气床垫，海绵床垫，凝胶床垫等，每周评估一次效果和调整计划;营养评估和支持也非常重要，制定口服营养食谱，建议压疮治疗指南，所有压疮患者需要评估其营养状况并提供有针对性的营养补充剂;根据患者的身体机能和意识状态，引导患者积极移动四肢和身体的方法，时间，痰或意识障碍，引导家人或护理被动移动患者四肢和身体的方法和时间，通常每天三次，持续十分钟，截瘫患者坐在轮椅上。活动2-3次，每次不超过1小时，每15分钟支持臀部上肢，每次1-3分钟;皮肤护理指导，尿失禁和伤口渗出污染的皮肤，经常用温水洗，擦干棉布，涂抹乳液或皮肤保护剂，每周评估一次性能，根据个人情况调整措施，确保实施，不要使用碱性肥皂，洗涤时不要用力洗涤，以免损伤保护皮肤的皮脂层;住院，局部治疗压疮，治疗原则是动态评估压疮分期，液量，面积和组织类型及深度，分析和判断损伤和影响压疮愈合的因素，提供和调整护理程序根据压疮的不同阶段，结合个体患者的病情，治疗目标和主观愿望以及循证依据，选择不同的清洁方案，清洁方法，清创方法，物理干预方法和不同辅料等，管理失禁，合理的减压和翻身，以及患者及其家属和护理人员的个性化健康教育等，所有这些都需要注意，对压疮治疗非常重要。
|
是日本通訊網路出品的電子角色扮演遊戲系列。系列以凱爾特神話为题材，男女爱情为主题。
系列一共有三部作品——《天使之诗》、《天使之诗II 堕天使的选择》和《天使之诗 白翼的祈祷》——在1991至1994年间发行。
作品
1991年10月25日在PC-Engine Super CD-ROM²上发行。 西健一企划、金子彰史企划辅佐、成毛美智子作曲、富士宏设计角色。
1993年3月26日在PC-Engine Super CD-ROM²上发行。游戏设定于前作约100年后的异世界。金子彰史编剧与监督、奈留家美智子作曲、结城信辉设计角色。
1994年7月29日在超级任天堂平台发行。本作为前两作的完结篇。音乐由樱庭统、田村信二和初芝弘也负责。
1991年面世的电子游戏系列
日本通訊網路遊戲
電子角色扮演遊戲
日本獨佔電子遊戲
|
埃爾卡門（），是薩爾瓦多的城鎮，位於該國中部，由庫斯卡特蘭省負責管轄，面積6.1平方公里，海拔高度665米，2007年人口13,345，人口密度每平方公里2,187.7人。
薩爾瓦多城市
|
鼻后滴流综合征是什么?？鼻后滴流综合征、过敏、感冒以及医疗副作用。有研究人员认为，鼻腔后部的黏液下流是一种在健康人群中也会出现的正常生理过程。由于该综合征在世界各地差异很大，且缺乏公认的定义、没有病理组织变化也没有适用的生化检验，现在更多人认为它是一种症状，而不是疾病。
|
海狗灣（）是南極洲的海灣，位於南奧克尼群島的西格尼島南部，處於倫頓角和古爾利半島之間，由英國南極名稱諮詢委員命名，現時由南極條約體系管理。
參考資料
南極洲海灣
|
2 Cygni is a blue-white hued star in the northern constellation of Cygnus, located a few degrees from Albireo. It is a probable astrometric binary; the visible component can be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.976. Based upon an annual parallax shift of , it is located roughly 910 light years from Earth. It has a peculiar velocity of and may be a runaway star system.
The stellar classification of the primary is B3 IV, matching a B-type subgiant star. It has seven times the mass of the Sun and about 5.6 times the Sun's radius. The star is 37 million years old with a high rate of spin; it has a projected rotational velocity of 137 km/s. It is radiating 3,354 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 16,479 K.
References
B-type subgiants
Runaway stars
Cygnus (constellation)
Durchmusterung objects
Cygni, 02
182568
095372
7372
|
托尼·杰弗里斯（，），英国男子拳击运动员，2009年成为职业选手。他曾代表英国参加2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会拳击比赛，获得男子81公斤级铜牌。
参考资料
桑德蘭運動員
轻重量级拳击运动员
英国男子拳击运动员
英国奥运拳击运动员
2008年夏季奧林匹克運動會拳擊運動員
2008年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奧林匹克運動會拳擊獎牌得主
英國奧林匹克運動會銅牌得主
2006年大英國協運動會拳擊運動員
|
恩隆（），字星伯，號抑菴，拜都氏，满洲正白旗人。清朝官员，进士出身。
生平
嘉庆二十一年（1816年）丙子科顺天乡试举人，道光二十五年（1845年）乙巳科进士。官刑部主事，袭轻车都尉，累官參領，能為六朝小文，有《演連珠》四首。
家族
始祖阿錫圖（c.1620s-?）。“阿錫圖，正白旗人，世居葉赫地方，國初來歸，原任前鋒叅領。其子克什圖由親軍校從征察哈爾，……授雲騎尉，卒，其子布蘭泰襲職，現任副都統署理馬蘭口總兵官印務。又阿錫圖之孫布達錫理原任驍騎校，曽孫永貴現任員外郎，元孫善柱原任八品官”（载《八旗滿洲氏族通譜》卷53）。
太高祖克什圖（c.1650s-?），親軍校，授雲騎尉。
高祖父布蘭泰（c.1670s-1752），官至巡抚，谥愨僖。
曾祖父永贵（1706-1783），乾隆年间协办大学士，军机大臣，谥文勤。
祖父瑛宝（号梦禅居士），是当时著名的画家，与刘墉、英和、法式善等名士有诗画往来。
伯祖父伊江阿（1744-1801），官至山东巡抚。妻葉赫那拉氏，其父鑲紅旗滿洲、湖南巡撫常鈞（胞兄浙江巡抚纳兰常安）。
父國壽（c.1770s-?），国学生，佐领。
姐妹拜都氏，贝勒尚善五世孙、乌里雅苏台将军、绥远城将军、察哈尔都统宗室祿普继妻；其父宗室景煥，胞叔宗室景煌（妻李佳氏，其父镶黄旗汉军恭毅公李侍堯），胞叔宗室景熠（妻富察氏，其父內大臣傅玉，祖父莊慤公李榮保），祖父奉恩輔國公嵩椿。
族亲叔伯锺昌，嘉庆十四年进士，官侍郎；繼昌，嘉庆五年举人，官至布政使 。
參考來源
清朝刑部主事
清朝輕車都尉
正白旗滿洲人
拜都氏
嘉慶二十一年丙子科舉人
|
山西狼蛛（学名：）为狼蛛科豹蛛属的动物。在中国大陆，分布于山西、天津、河北、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、陕西、甘肃等地，多见于常穴居于农田。该物种的模式产地在山西。
参考文献
山西狼蛛
|
Seltso () is a rural locality (a village) in Klyazminskoye Rural Settlement, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2010.
Geography
Seltso is located 43 km east of Kovrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Panteleyevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kovrovsky District
|
寿昌镇，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。
行政区划
寿昌镇下辖以下地区：
。
交通
过境。终点。
参考资料
|
主动运输是什么?？主动运输，又称主动转运或主动吸收，是一种物质逆电化学梯度的跨细胞膜的运动。在细胞中，这一过程通常伴随着高浓度的分子积累，如金属离子、葡萄糖、氨基酸。相对于被动运输，主动运输的进行需消耗能量。
|
尖吻鱘（學名：Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus），又名大西洋鱘（Atlantic sturgeon）是鱘科下的一個物種，也是世界上最古老的一種魚。它們分佈在加拿大新不倫瑞克省至美國佛羅里達州東岸。美洲最初的殖民時期，它們的數量仍很豐富，但因過度漁獵及水質污染，以致數量大幅下降。它們現時已被列為近危，在有些地區甚至已經滅絕。它們的壽命可以達60歲，長達4.6米及重超過360公斤，是世界最大的淡水魚之一。
分類
指名亞種 （A. o. oxyrhynchus）
德氏尖吻鱘 （A. o. desotoi ）
特徵
尖吻鱘沒有鱗片，只有5行骨質的甲板。最大的標本可以重超過360公斤及接近4.6米長，一般則重130公斤及長1.8-2.4米。它們背部呈藍黑色及橄欖綠色，腹部白色。其吻較長，口邊各有4條鬚。
生命周期
尖吻鱘6歲前都會留在汽水，期後才會游到海洋中。一直以來，短吻鱘都被誤認為是幼生的尖吻鱘。尖吻鱘要到7-23歲才達至性成熟，還要視乎性別及溫度。當成熟後，它們會往上游產卵。雌魚一次可以產達80-375萬顆卵，但要每2-6年才會產卵一次。產卵後的雌魚會游回下游，但雄魚卻會留在上游直至冷水的增加。它們可能會回到海洋，或是留在近海岸線的地方。它們一般可以活到60歲，也曾有紀錄達100歲之齡。它們有也會完全跳出水面，但令其跳起的原因不明。
經濟歷史
最初尖吻鱘被認為是完全沒有價值的魚類。粗糙的魚皮經常弄穿漁網，令漁民轉而捕獵較具價值的其他魚類。但是，當利用尖吻鱘製成的產品出現後，其漁業十分興旺。在維吉尼亞州，它們的漁業十分具價值，比龍蝦所得的利潤還要高。在大西洋海岸的漁業主要是為食物、皮革及魚膠。於1800年代末，美國每年就有達300萬公斤的尖吻鱘出口。不過幾年之內就大幅下趺至只有1萬公斤。它們現時要是用來生產魚子醬。
保育狀況
由於長期的過度漁獵，尖吻鱘現時為瀕危物種，其保育主要是靠禁止捕獵。美國政府並沒有將尖吻鱘列為全國性瀕危。不過有很多團體都留意它們受危的狀況，但卻沒有足夠資料將之列入保育範圍。
美國漁業學會（American Fisheries Society）認為尖吻鱘現正瀕危。切薩皮克灣是尖吻鱘在維吉尼亞州最後已確認的棲息地。於2007年5月，研究發現在整條河上發現只有175條尖吻鱘，其中15條長逾4.5米。另外在馬里蘭州於2005年至2006年就發現了捕獵了大量的尖吻鱘。喬治亞大學也有在喬治亞州阿爾塔馬哈河（Altamaha river）進行對尖吻鱘的生態研究。
近年的研究發現波羅的海消失的鱘是尖吻鱘而非以往相信的歐洲鱘。尖吻鱘是於約1300年前來到波羅的海，並取代了原住的物種。有計劃將尖吻鱘由加拿大聖約翰河（Saint John river）重新引入到德國及波蘭交界的奧得河在波羅的海的河口。
參考
外部連結
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
Fishbase
oxyrhynchus
A
|
卡利尼夫卡（），是烏克蘭的村落，位於該國西南部文尼察州，由圖利欽區負責管轄，始建於1930年，面積0.27平方公里，海拔高度285米，2001年人口64，人口密度每平方公里237.04人。
參考資料
Погода в селі Калинівка
文尼察州村落
圖利欽區村落
|
短腰畸形的护理是什么？此种畸形主要有以下3种病理解剖类型。1.先天性脊椎崩裂、滑脱 此种现象较多见主要是由于椎弓的两个化骨中心未融合成一体之故。在机体发育过程中随着个体体重的增加、运动与过去强度的强化以及各种外伤因素等，均可在假关节的基础上造成椎体滑脱，滑脱的程度愈严重，短腰畸形也愈明显。2.先天性椎体融合 以2节椎体融合成一块者为多见，在腰椎段罕有3节以上椎体融合成一块的鶒。由于此种病例直接来诊者较少，故多在体检时发现。其发病原因主要是在胚胎期相邻的2个或数个生骨节发育障碍所致鶒完全融合者在相应椎间隙部位可无任何裂隙可见，但半数病例显示宽窄不一、长短不等、部位健康搜索不定的缝隙鶒。此种病例椎间孔多数狭窄。3.半椎体畸形 单发的半椎体畸形者主要引起脊柱侧凸或后凸畸形。如系相对应的双节半椎体畸形，则由于缺少1节椎体而显示短腰征
|
Choi Woo-shik (; born March 26, 1990) is a Canadian actor based in South Korea. He first gained widespread recognition for his leading role in the film Set Me Free (2014). He then co-starred in the films Train to Busan (2016) and Parasite (2019), both of which received international critical acclaim and success, the latter winning the Palme d'Or at Cannes and the Academy Award for Best Picture. He also played the lead role in the popular television series Our Beloved Summer (2021–22).
Early life
Choi was born in Seoul, South Korea, the younger of two sons. He migrated to Vancouver, Canada with his family when he was ten years old, in grade five, where he spent the next ten years of his life. He attended high school at Pinetree Secondary School. His English name is Edward Choi and he goes by the nickname Eddie.
In 2010, while attending Simon Fraser University, then-20-year-old Choi was given permission by his parents to attend an acting audition in Korea, subsequently leading to him making his acting debut. Whilst in Korea, Choi enrolled at Chung-Ang University, where he majored in cultural studies, the reason was because when he was little he didn't have the opportunity to know or learn Korean culture before, because he lived and grew up in Canada.
Career
2011–2015: early years
Choi made his acting debut in the period drama The Duo in 2011. Supporting roles followed, and Choi was cast in crime drama Special Affairs Team TEN as detective Park Min-ho. Choi reprised his role when the series was renewed for a second season in 2013. He made his big screen debut that same year, starring as a supporting character in the film Flu and Secretly, Greatly. In the interim, Choi played several characters on television series such as Rooftop Prince, You Are My Destiny and Pride and Prejudice.
In 2014, Choi took on his first leading role in the coming-of-age independent film Set Me Free. He played the role of Young-jae, a sixteen-year-old student living in a group home, who pretends that he wants to become a priest in order to prolong his stay at the home. The film was well received by critics, and Choi was praised for his portrayal of the protagonist's inner conflict. He won several awards for his acting, including Actor of the Year at the Busan International Film Festival. Later that year, Choi also starred in the action comedy film Big Match, playing the role of genius hacker Guru.
Choi starred as the titular character in the romantic comedy cable series Hogu's Love. The series began airing on 9 February 2015. Choi also took part in the R-rated Hong Kong-Singaporean film In the Room later that year. The film featured an anthology of characters, set in a single-room brothel at a hotel in Singapore.
2016–present: rising fame and international breakthrough
Choi first gained international recognition with the blockbuster zombie thriller film Train to Busan, where he played the role of high school baseball player, Yong-guk. Premiering at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival on May 13, the film was a critical and commercial success, going on to gross over $93.1 million worldwide. He followed this up with a short, but memorable role as a truck driver in action-adventure film Okja. This marked his first collaboration with director Bong Joon-ho and featured an international cast, including Tilda Swinton and Paul Dano. Okja was screened in several independent theatres domestically, and released on streaming platform Netflix worldwide.
Choi continued starring in several other films after this, including The Princess and the Matchmaker and Monstrum. In 2018, Choi was cast as a mysterious assassin called the "Nobleman" in the action film The Witch: Part 1. The Subversion. The dark persona of the Nobleman was a shift from the characters Choi usually played. In a press interview, co-star Park Hee-soon remarked that Nobleman could be Choi's once-in-a-lifetime character.
In 2019, Choi reunited with director Bong Joon-ho for the black comedy thriller film Parasite. Choi played the main character Ki-woo, the son of a poor family, who schemes to become employed by a wealthy family by infiltrating their household and posing as unrelated, highly qualified individuals. Choi was first approached by Bong after their first collaboration with Okja in 2016, who told the actor to "stay skinny" to play the character. Parasite premiered at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2019, where it became the first South Korean film to win the Palme d'Or, and was the first film to win with a unanimous vote since Blue Is the Warmest Colour at the 2013 Festival. Among other numerous accolades, Parasite won a leading four awards at the 92nd Academy Awards. It became the first South Korean film to receive Academy Award recognition, as well as the first film in a language other than English to win Best Picture. The cast also won the award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture at the 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards. In addition to his role as Ki-woo in Parasite, Choi performed the end credits song "Soju One Glass," which made the shortlist for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.
In December 2021, Choi starred in the SBS drama Our Beloved Summer alongside Kim Da-mi. It marked his return to the small screen in 4 years since 2017, as well as the reunion of the two actors after their film The Witch: Part 1. The Subversion (2018).
In 2022, Choi returned to the big screen with the film The Policeman's Lineage which premiered on January 12, 2022.
On April 28, 2023, it was announced that Choi's contract with Management SOOP has expired after he decided not to renew it.
Upcoming roles
He will star in the upcoming South Korean sci-fi fantasy film Wonderland.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Web series
Television shows
Music video appearances
Discography
Awards and nominations
Listicles
Notes
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
21st-century South Korean male actors
JYP Entertainment artists
Chung-Ang University alumni
Male actors from Seoul
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Canadian male actors of Korean descent
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Canadian expatriates in South Korea
|
The Schäffer affair was a controversial diplomatic incident caused by Georg Anton Schäffer, a German who attempted to seize the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian Empire. While on a trading expedition to the Kingdom, the Russian-American Company (RAC) vessel Bering ran aground during a storm at Waimea on Kauai in January 1815. The chieftain of the island, Kaumualii, seized the company goods on board. Schäffer was sent later that year from Russian America to recover the lost property, where he would spend the following two years courting native allies to overthrow Kamehameha I.
A simple mission led by an inexperienced but ambitious physician unfolded into a major blunder for the Company. Kaumualii, who sought outside help in his domestic rivalry with King Kamehameha, invited Schäffer to his island and manipulated him into believing that the RAC could easily take over and colonize Hawaii. Schäffer soon planned a full-blown naval assault on the Hawaiian islands. His actions were not sanctioned by RAC governor Alexander Andreyevich Baranov, who gave no instructions beyond either regaining the lost company items or compensation for them in sandalwood.
Mounting resistance of Native Hawaiians and American traders forced Schäffer to admit defeat and leave Hawaii in July 1817, before his triumphant reports from Kauai reached the Russian court. The Company recognized a loss of no less than 200,000 rubles but continued entertaining "the Hawaiian project" until 1821. The Company then sued Schäffer for damages, but after an inconclusive legal standoff found it easier to let him go back to Germany.
Background
The Russian Empire and the Russian-American Company (RAC) during the First Russian circumnavigation established contact with Hawaiian king Kamehameha I in 1804. Russian vessels continued to visit the Kingdom irregularly, with the primary transactions were focused on foodstuffs. On January 29, 1815 a RAC ship, Bering, dropped anchor near Waimea on Kauai. Captain James Bennett was ordered by RAC Governor Alexander Andreyevich Baranov to use its estimated 100,000 roubles worth of furs and other cargo to purchase needed food and material supplies for settlers in Russian America. On the next night the vessel ran aground in a storm. Bennett made an agreement with King Kaumualii, giving him the wrecked ship though its cargo remained Russian property. Several hundred Kauaians were involved in salvaging the furs and purchased supplies. Despite this, Bennett would later report that the ship and its cargo were both seized by Kaumualii. Two months later the stranded crew was evacuated from Kauai by Albatross. Bennett and two other American captains employed by the Company pressed Baranov to wage an armed punitive expedition against Kaumualii. The proposal stirred long discussions between Baranov and his deputies, but the governor favored a peaceful solution.
Dispatch of the expedition
A mission from New Archangel was organized and sent to the Hawaiian Kingdom in October. The former physician of the RAC ship Suvorov, Georg Anton Schäffer, was appointed to command likely due to Baranov simply having no one else eligible at the time. His most able officers at the time were working at RAC posts on Kodiak Island and Fort Ross in Alta California. He instructed Schäffer to present himself as a harmless explorer and obtain Kamehameha's favor, keeping his actual commission secret until then. After courting the monarch, Schäffer was to demand the restitution of the goods taken from the Bering or comparable compensation in sandalwood. If this business proceeded smoothly, Schäffer was to seek Kamehameha's patent for a monopoly in sandalwood trading. In a letter addressed to Kamehameha, Baranov warned of military intervention against Kaumalii if compensation for lost company goods didn't occur. "If Kaumualii does not satisfy our just demands... with your permission, I shall treat him as an enemy."
Schäffer reached the Kingdom on board the Isabella in the beginning of November. What happened between Kamehameha and Schäffer is known only through Schaffer's own unreliable narrative. Americans that had prominent influence with Kamehameha, especially John Young, believed Schäffer's "naturalist" persona was merely a cover. According to Schäffer these men made Kamehameha display outright anti-Russian sentiment. However, through medical services to the king and queen Ka'ahumanu, Schäffer was able to regain Kamehameha's good disposition by December. Queen Ka'ahumanu and her brother soon sold him parcels of land and permission to set up trading stations. Schäffer soon began an exploration of the Hawaiian islands, during which time he claimed his travels were interrupted by attempts made against his life by Americans. Afterwards he began to reside on Oahu, where he planted maize, tobacco and watermelons among other plants.
In February 1816, Baranov sent the Otkrytie with lieutenant Podushkin in command as military reinforcements. The orders given to Podushkin stressed the importance of a peaceable solution but failing that it called for an invasion of Kauai: "In such an event, the whole island of Kauai should be taken in the name of our Sovereign Emperor of the Russias and become part of his possessions." The Otkrytie reached the island of Hawaii on and later entered Honolulu Harbor on . Another Russian ship, Il’mena, unexpectedly showed up for repairs at the same time. Schäffer remained in command of all Russian forces in the area, including the two ships. A final meeting with Kamehameha was arranged, but he again resisted making any settlements. Immediately setting sail on-board the Otkrytie for Kauai on , Schäffer and Podushkin reached the island three days later.
Illusion of conquest
Diplomatic talks with Kaumualii quickly commenced and appeared favorable to Schäffer. The Kauain ruler "must have noticed that no representatives of Kamehameha accompanied the Russians." This emboldened him to pledge as "the King of the Sandwich Islands in the North Pacific Ocean, Kauai and Niihau, and hereditary prince of the islands Oahu, Maui, Lanai" allegiance to the Tsar of Russia five days after Schäffer arrived. The Hawaiian chieftain further agreed to reimburse the RAC for the losses of 1815 and grant it a monopoly in sandalwood trade. Dressed in an Imperial Russian Naval staff officer uniform, Kaumualii hoisted the Russian-American Company flag over Kauai. Another treaty, signed on , provided the Russians with 500 local soldiers for the conquest of Oahu, Lanai, Maui and Molokai: "The King (Kaumualii) provides Doctor Schäffer carte blanche for this expedition and all assistance in constructing the fortresses on all islands..." and additionally promised to "refuse to trade with citizens of the United States."
Schäffer was given command of over three hundred Hawaiians to begin construction of the forts and trade stations specified in the treaty. Built in the traditional European star-shaped fortress out of stone and adobe, Fort Elizabeth was practically complete and armed with cannons by the end of 1817. Schäffer also laid down two small earthen forts, Alexander and Barclay-de-Tolly, without Hawaiian assistance. Enthusiastically, Schäffer sent messages to Baranov and to imperial authorities in Saint Petersburg, requesting a naval expedition to protect what a contemporary called "his almost lunatic schemes." He soon purchased two ships from Americans for use by Kaumualii. The Avon cost 200,000 Spanish dollars and its captain sailed to New Archangel to receive compensation from Baranov for his vessel. Schäffer spent the summer of 1816 exploring Kauai and giving new names to local landforms, naming the Hanalei River valley in particular Schäfferthal and the Hanapepe river after the Don River.
However, Kaumualii had no intention to forfeit his possessions; he manipulated Schäffer into "losing all touch with reality" and used the Russians for his own benefit in his standoff with Kamehameha, planning to conquer more islands. Early historians, starting with Otto von Kotzebue, suggested that Kaumualii's revolt was prompted or even led by Schäffer but, according to Mills, the chief "sought to align himself with any foreign power that could help him". During the War of 1812 he sided with the Americans, but by 1815 this alliance fell apart and Schäffer's arrival conveniently filled the empty slot in Kaumualii's plans. Baranov wasn't inclined to finance such a war; he denied payment for the purchase of Avon and warned Schäffer against further political and business blunders.
Defeat and surrender
Breakup of Schäffer's "empire" began in September 1816 when he had to evacuate the colony in Oahu, yielding to the threat of violence. In December Schäffer received an unexpected "reinforcement": the Russian military brig Rurick captained by Otto von Kotzebue dropped anchor at Hawaii in the middle of a circumnavigation. Kamehameha, unaware of Kotzebue's true disposition, manned the coast with 400 soldiers and militia volunteers, ready to repel the expected landing. Kotzebue managed to persuade the king of his peaceful intentions, and made it clear that the Imperial government has nothing to do with Schäffer's delusions; he left without ever visiting his compatriots on Kauai.
The standoff between Kaumualii and Kamehameha continued, with the Americans allegedly promising five ships to be used against Kaumualii and his Russian allies. On the American merchant vessel O'Cain landed on Kauai with the American merchants, Alexander Adams, Nathan Winship, and Richard Ebbets arriving with the intention to remove the Russian flag hoisted on the island. They were repelled by ten of Kaumualii's guards who had ten bayoneted rifles. , according to Schaffer's records, all his American employees excluding George Young, the skipper of Kadyak, changed sides and deserted him. Local Hawaiians "bundled Schäffer into a boat" and tried to force him out of Kauai. He returned and after attempting to make a stand at Fort Alexander was forced to board his ships. Schäffer dispatched George Young to sail seaworthy Ilmen to Sitka to bring news of his defeat. He sailed on the crippled, leaking Kadyak to Honolulu harbor in distress. Kamehameha's chiefs warned the Russians that they would immediately arrest Schäffer, but did not act on their claim. According to Schäffer's deputy Taranov, the change in attitude was influenced by the Americans seeking to salvage prized sandalwood from the holds of the sinking Kadyak.
On Schäffer forever left Hawaii for Guangzhou, courtesy of his former patient captain Isaiah Lewis. Between sixty and one hundred Russians and Aleuts from the Kadyak were left stranded on Oahu until the spring of 1818. Schäffer reached Macau where he received support from Anders Ljungstedt, a Swede who occasionally worked for the RAC. Ljungstedt arranged for Schäffer to travel to Rio de Janeiro, and from there he would embark to Europe. During his brief stay in Rio, Schäffer obtained an audience with princess Maria Leopoldina, and presented his unique collection of natural exhibits from the Hawaii. The princess, who soon became Empress of Brazil, remembered the gift and remained a supporter of Schäffer in his Brazilian ventures.
Aftermath
The "Hawaiian spectacular performed by Doctor Schäffer" cost the Russian-American Company, between 200,000 and 230,000 rubles. The economic waste caused by Schäffer has been noted, with Americans profiting by supplying Russian America from Hawaii while the RAC was unable to exert control over the islands. The RAC left substantial supplies on Kauai and the managers in Sitka seriously considered sending another armed expedition to repossess them.
The Board of the Company in Saint Petersburg received the first news of the Hawaiian affair in the spring of 1817 and on March 22 (April 3) instructions were sent to Baranov to dismiss Schäffer as soon as he completed his mission. The board openly distrusted the German and feared the international complications that could hurt the core business. Schäffer's victorious reports of his treaty with Kuamualii were delivered to Saint Petersburg in August, and around the same time European newspapers picked up rumors of Russian expansion in the Pacific. The directors of the Company now considered supporting Schäffer, but government approval depended on the opinion of foreign minister Karl Nesselrode who in turn relied on the opinion of Count von Liven, the ambassador in London.
While waiting for Nesselrode's response, the board began drafting business plans for Schäffer, who was then already on his way to the Qing Empire. In December 1817 Nesselrode received von Liven's report from London: according to the ambassador, the disadvantages and risks of a Russian protectorate over Kauai outweighed any possible gains. On Nesselrode and Tsar Alexander concurred with von Liven, consequentially state support to RAC operations in Hawaii was denied. The Tsar "did not think it expedient" to establish a protectorate over Kauai, sending orders to the RAC "to refuse the king's request in as friendly a way as possible..." Emperor Alexander however sent a medal of the Order of St. Anna to Kaumualii, inscribed to the "Chief of the Sandwich Islands".
The directors, however, petitioned the government for at least an approval of their limited presence in the Hawaii, which was granted in August 1818. In the same month Kotzebue returned to Saint Petersburg, bringing bad news of the events that happened more than a year before; the directors received letters from Schäffer himself, the most recent dated April 1818, from Rio de Janeiro. In a memorandum to the Minister of the Interior in 1818, Schäffer stressed the importance of controlling the profitable Hawaiian markets. The Board of Directors was requested its opinion of pursuing such a project, agreeing that Hawaiian supplies would be of critical use to settlements in Russian America, Okhotsk and on the Kamchatka Peninsula. As before, the RAC refused to act on the proposal until authorized by the Imperial government. Tsar Alexander approved the company efforts to develop commercial relations with the Kingdom, but again demurred from erecting a Russian protectorate over the Hawaiian islands, finding "the hope of the establishment of the Russians on one of the Sandwich Islands has very little foundation..."
Citations
Bibliography
History of colonialism
Hawaiian Kingdom
History of Kauai
European colonisation in Oceania
1815 in Hawaii
1816 in Hawaii
1817 in Hawaii
1810s in the Russian Empire
Russian-American Company
|
羅納德岩（）是南極洲的岩石，位於伊利沙伯女皇地，屬於彭薩科拉山脈中福里斯特爾山脈的一部分，海拔高度1,145米，美國地質調查局根據測量和美國海軍拍攝的空中照片繪入地圖，現時由南極條約體系管理。
參考資料
伊莉莎白女王地岩層
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.