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Fanning Ridge () is a prominent rock ridge, long, paralleling the south coast of South Georgia between Aspasia Point and the west side of Newark Bay. The ridge was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, following its mapping by the South Georgia Survey in 1951–52, for Captain Edmund Fanning of Stonington, CT, who with the Aspasia took 57,000 fur seal skins at South Georgia in 1800–01, and published the earliest account of sealing there.
References
Ridges of Antarctica
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Richard Charles Lucy Court (23 October 1916 — 10 April 1974) was an English first-class cricketer.
Court was born in British India at Ambala in October 1916. He joined Hampshire's ground staff in 1936, making his first-class debut for the county the following season against Lancashire at Old Trafford in the County Championship. He played first-class cricket for Hampshire until 1939, making eighteen appearances. Playing in the Hampshire side as a right-arm fast bowler, he took 33 wickets at an average of 37.21, with best figures of 4 for 51. As a lower order batsman, he scored 224 runs at a batting average of 10.18, with a highest score of 35.
With the start of the Second World War in September 1939, county cricket was cancelled for the foreseeable future, bringing to an end Court's first-class career. During the war, he served in the British Army. He died at Southampton in 10 April 1974.
References
External links
1916 births
1974 deaths
People from Ambala
Cricketers from Haryana
English cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
British Army personnel of World War II
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毅興行有限公司，簡稱毅興行（，），在1970年由許世聰，以及許國光創立一家專門生產及銷售塑膠原料業務公司。
股份在1994年4月25日於香港交易所主板上市。主要廠房地區包括上海、東莞、青島、廣州、廈門等。該總部位於香港新界火炭禾盛街10號海輝工業中心6樓3室。
而在1995年中，因為參與內幕交易，而被證監會檢控，以及所有公司董事進行罰款的。
參考
連結
NHH.com.hk
1970年成立的公司
化學工業公司
香港製造公司
香港證監會
香港罪案
經濟犯罪
香港醜聞
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癫痫持续状态的病因是什么?？可分为特发性和继发性，特发性多与遗传因素有关多为难治性癫痫。继发性居多。
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The women's doubles soft tennis event was part of the soft tennis programme and took place between October 4 and 7, at the Sajik Tennis Courts.
Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Results
Preliminary round
Group A
Group B
Group C
Final round
References
2002 Asian Games Official Reports, Page 697–698
Official Website
External links
Results
Soft tennis at the 2002 Asian Games
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Svitava is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Čapljina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 239, all Croats.
References
Villages in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Populated places in Čapljina
Croat communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Shobana Kamineni is an Indian business executive and the executive vice-chairperson of Apollo Hospitals.
Early and personal life
Kamineni is the daughter of Prathap C. Reddy, the founder and chairman of Apollo Hospitals. She has three sisters, Preetha, Suneeta Reddy and Sangita, who are all working as executives in Apollo Hospitals.
Kamineni is married to Anil Kamineni, a businessman and wildlife conservationist. They are the parents of two daughters, Upasana Konidela and Anushpala Ebrahim. Upasana is married to Telugu filmstar Ram Charan, son of filmstar Chiranjeevi. Anushpala married Armaan Ebrahim, a professional car racer, in December 2021.
Career
Thanks to being her father's daughter, Kamineni has held various positions in the company founded by him since a young age. She served as the president of the Confederation of Indian Industry from 2017 to 2018. She was the first woman to hold this position. Kamineni has received an honorary doctorate from Bryant University, USA, in recognition of her work in healthcare and pharmaceuticals.
References
Indian women business executives
Living people
Businesspeople from Chennai
Year of birth missing (living people)
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劉惇（），字子仁，平原人。東漢末及三國時東吳官員，擅長占星術數。與吳範、趙達、嚴武、曹不興、皇象、宋壽和鄭嫗合稱東吳「八絕」。
生平
劉惇因戰亂而避亂各地，客遊廬陵，作為孫輔的部下。因觀天象而占卜而聞名南方，每當有水災、旱災或賊匪作亂，他都預先預報日期，沒有一次失誤。此事令到孫輔很驚奇，任命劉惇為軍師，軍中人人都尊敬他，號曰「神明」。
建安年間，一次孫權在豫章，見星象有變化，於是問劉惇，劉惇答：「災在丹楊。」又說「客勝主人，到某日當得問。」當時邊鴻作亂，殺死丹楊太守孫翊，一切都好像劉惇所說那樣。
劉惇所有術數都通曉，尤其對太乙最為清楚，每次都可以將事情完整地推演出來，其中最重要和微妙的都清楚，連當時名儒刁玄都稱奇。而劉惇亦珍愛他的技術，不肯告訴或教授其他人，所以世間無人清楚他的技術是怎樣。
參考資料
《三國志·吳書·劉惇傳》
延伸阅读
L劉
L劉
D惇
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is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Karatsu, Saga and graduate of the University of Tokyo she was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2005. She represented the 3rd District of Saga prefecture from 2005 until 2009.
References
Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
Female members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
Koizumi Children
Japanese accountants
Japanese women accountants
University of Tokyo alumni
People from Saga Prefecture
Living people
1953 births
Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) politicians
21st-century Japanese women politicians
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请对风热感冒进行基本概述？《诸病源候论.风热候》：“风热病者，风热之气，先从皮毛入于肺也。肺为五脏上盖，候身之皮毛，若肤腠虚，则风热之气，先伤皮毛，乃入肺也。其状使人恶风寒战，目欲脱，涕唾出。”治宜辛凉解表，发散风热。方用银翘散、桑菊饮、桔梗汤、上清散、菊花散等。若久而不愈，其人必虚，不得专用疏散。阳虚宜加参、术，阴虚宜加地黄、五味，倍麦门冬、白芍。
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David Rosenbaum may refer to:
David Rosenbaum (journalist) (1942–2006), American journalist
David Rosenbaum (soccer) (born 1986), American soccer player
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斯拉韋茨河（），是烏克蘭的河流，位於該國西南部切爾諾夫策州，屬於米希德拉河的右支流，發源自貝雷霍梅特以東，流經維日尼察區，河道全長13公里，流域面積23平方公里。
參考資料
Славець
切爾諾夫策州河流
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肛周脓肿手术麻药后痛不痛？肛周脓肿是临床常见的急性炎性疾病，急性炎症多出现于直肠肛隐窝，又称肛隐窝炎，进一步发展为肛周脓肿，最后形成肛瘘。肛隐窝炎多因长期饮酒、进食辛辣食物、熬夜、久坐、久站所致，多见于肥胖人群。肛隐窝炎积极治疗，可避免脓肿形成，治疗方法包括抗生素治疗、内治法、外治法。因此，肛周脓肿的患者应少饮酒、少吃辛辣食物，避免久坐。肛周脓肿手术与痔疮的手术又不太一样，因为肛周脓肿的患者，初期的症状就是肛门疼痛比较剧烈，手术以后，觉得脓腔打开以后，脓液都排出来，没有胀痛感，反而觉得人会很轻松，而且初期的创面还都是一些腐烂，有些坏死的组织，所以病人初期的疼痛反而觉得比痔疮、肛瘘手术的疼痛要轻微一些。但待腐烂坏死组织逐渐干净，新鲜的肉芽生长出来，末梢神经恢复以后，疼痛才慢慢的体现出来，不过真正的疼痛期应该在五天以后，换药的时候，疼痛反而比开始出现的疼痛会加重一些，但是这是个正常反应，而且肛周脓肿术后排便时候的疼痛，相对于痔疮的病人要好很多。因为痔疮的病人，整个肛管周围几乎都是伤口，排便的张力刺激疼痛较剧烈。而肛周脓肿是一个侧面的伤口，因为切开以后肛管也切开了，排便对病人的刺激性反而不是那么大，排便的痛苦反而要好一些，主要的疼痛在于换药。肛周脓肿手术常规的麻醉方式，比如局麻、腰椎学麻醉、腰麻和全麻都是可以的，一般可以根据脓肿深浅，比较浅薄的肛周脓肿可以进行局麻或者是腰椎学麻醉，比较深部的肛周脓肿建议用腰麻和全麻，一般的建议就是小孩子或者是年龄比较大，伴有三高病人，一般在排除术前禁忌症以后，还是建议用腰麻或者全麻进行，这样病人本身也不是很痛苦。麻药劲过了以后还是会有些疼痛的。肛周脓肿手术会有不同的麻醉方式，恢复期也是不同的，通常麻药劲过后还是有些疼痛的，但恢复比较快。
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刑事學是以研究犯罪及与犯罪相关的诸多学科的总称，其主要分支學科為：刑事法學（又分：刑事實體法、刑事诉讼法、刑事執行法）、刑事政策、犯罪学（又分：犯罪生物學、犯罪社會學、犯罪心理學）、刑罰學。也有認為包含監獄學、受害者學等。
參考來源
刑法
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Khakurdaha is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Jaynagar Majilpur police station in the Jaynagar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Khakurdaha village is located at . It has an average elevation of .
Demographics
As per 2011 Census of India, Khakurdaha had a total population of 3,542.
Transport
A short stretch of local roads link Khakurdaha to the State Highway 1.
Gocharan railway station is located nearby.
Healthcare
Padmerhat Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Padmerhat, is the major government medical facility in the Jaynagar I CD block.
References
Villages in South 24 Parganas district
Neighbourhoods in Jaynagar Majilpur
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Montevallo Township is a township in Vernon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Montevallo Township was erected in 1855, taking its name from the community of Montevallo, Missouri.
References
Townships in Missouri
Townships in Vernon County, Missouri
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格雷纪念柱（）是一座I级登录建筑，建于1838年，纪念第二代格雷伯爵查尔斯·格雷，矗立在英格兰泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的中心，格兰杰城的格雷街的一端。在高的圆柱顶端，是格雷伯爵的雕像。纪念柱由当地建筑师约翰和本杰明·格林设计，雕像作者是雕塑家爱德华·霍奇斯·贝利（特拉法加广场 纳尔逊雕像的创作者）。
二战期间，雕像的头部被一道闪电损坏。1947年，由雕塑家罗杰·赫德利（画家拉尔夫·赫德利之子）在原有基础上创作一个新的头。
泰恩-威爾地鐵的纪念柱地铁站就在格雷纪念柱的地下，前方为纪念柱购物中心。周边地区简称为纪念柱。
一个螺旋形楼梯通向纪念柱顶部的观景台，偶尔向公众开放。老照片显示此处原是一个交通岛，周围设有护栏。现在栏杆已不再存在，纪念柱周围区域现在是步行区，有许多商店，包括一些高档设计师的精品店。
纪念柱的底部是人们观赏的好去处，经常充当街头艺人表演、宗教演讲和政治活动家/抗议者的场地。
参考
泰恩河畔紐卡斯爾旅遊景點
英国登录建筑
英格兰塑像
一级登录纪念建筑
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克里斯蒂安·达纳拉赫（Cristian Dănălache，），是一名罗马尼亚职业足球运动员。
职业生涯
达纳拉赫于2003年在罗马尼亚足球丙级联赛球队欧特佩尼开始职业足球生涯，2004年随队升级到罗马尼亚足球乙级联赛。2006年转会加盟罗马尼亚足球甲级联赛球队UTA亚拉德，之后又在乌尔济切尼效力两个半赛季，并在乌尔济切尼的第二个赛季跟随球队获得联赛冠军。2010年，他又短暂效力于沙特阿拉伯球队阿尔伊蒂法克和以色列球队沙克尼。
2011赛季前，达纳拉赫前往在土耳其集训的中国足球超级联赛球队江苏舜天试训，并受到认可。2011年3月21日，江苏舜天宣布和达纳拉赫正式签约。他在4月3日的2011赛季中超联赛第一轮首次代表球队出场，但江苏舜天主场0比2不敌北京国安。之后每轮联赛他都得到出场机会，但没有取得进球，一度被球迷和媒体当做水货。5月份，德拉甘·奥库卡代替扬·科奇安成为球队的新任主教练，达纳拉赫的状态开始回升。5月29日，达纳拉赫在江苏舜天主场1比0击败陕西浐灞的比赛中打进致胜球，这也是他为江苏舜天打进的首个进球。2011年赛季中期，塞尔维亚外援亚历山大·耶夫蒂奇加盟江苏舜天队与其搭档锋线组合，达纳拉赫的进球迅速增加，全赛季射入13球，在联赛射手榜上位列第三名，并帮助球队创纪录地获得联赛第4名的俱乐部最好成绩。
在2012年9月30日江苏舜天迎战大连阿尔滨的赛事中，达纳拉赫打进赛季第22及23球，打破由耶利奇保持的单一赛季中超外援最多进球(21球)纪录並最终以23球成为2012年中超联赛神射手。在11月8日举办的2012年度中超颁奖典礼上，他又击败达里奥·孔卡，获得最佳球员的称号。
2013赛季，达纳拉赫受伤病困扰缺席了半个赛季，复出后状态不佳。
2014年，达纳拉赫加盟志在冲超的降级球队青岛中能。
荣誉
罗马尼亚足球丙级联赛：2003/04
罗马尼亚足球甲级联赛：2008/09
中国足球超级联赛最佳球员、最佳射手、最佳阵容：2012
参考资料
罗马尼亚足球运动员
布加勒斯特人
足球前锋
江苏足球俱乐部球员
乌尔济切尼球员
中国外籍足球运动员
中超球员
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查甲状腺功能五项抽血化验是需要空腹吗？甲状腺是人体一个非常重要的器官，有哪些功能障碍的话，可以通过抽血检查甲状腺功能五项来明确甲状腺功能，甲状腺功能五项有T3，T4，Tsh和抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体五项的检查，可以明确有没有甲状腺机能亢进，或者是甲状腺机能减退的病变。另外两个抗体如果有炎症的时候可以出现升高。可以通过抽血检查来观察甲状腺是否健康。查甲状腺功能五项化验空腹进行抽血化验较好。因为甲状腺功能需要进行相应的辅助检查，比如肝功能检查和血常规检查，必要时可能还会需要血脂同时化验，这样就需要空腹抽血化验。甲状腺功能的检查：包括促甲状腺素和甲状腺激素的测定：促甲状腺素(TSH)，甲状腺激素：包括血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、血清甲状腺素(T4)、血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)。促甲状腺素(TSH)是查明甲状腺功能的初筛实验,是检测甲状腺功能非常敏感的特异性指标，特别适合于早期检测或排除下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺中枢调节环路的功能紊乱，游离甲状腺素浓度的微小变化就会带来促甲状腺素浓度向反方向的显著调整。血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)是查明早期甲亢，监控复发性甲亢的重要指标;T3低下综合症：T4转变成T3的量减少，导致T3浓度的下降,见于胺碘酮等药物的影响;T3型甲亢，部分甲亢患者T4浓度正常，TSH降低，T3明显增高。T4测定可用于甲亢，原发性和继发性甲状腺功能减退的诊断。以及TSH抑制治疗的监测。甲状腺功能检查前没有什么特别的注意事项，可以早晨空腹去抽血化验甲状腺功能或甲状腺抗体。建议检查前三天不要喝浓茶，咖啡一类的饮料，注意低脂饮食。避免情绪紧张，保证睡眠。
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In mathematics, a stable vector bundle is a (holomorphic or algebraic) vector bundle that is stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory. Any holomorphic vector bundle may be built from stable ones using Harder–Narasimhan filtration. Stable bundles were defined by David Mumford in and later built upon by David Gieseker, Fedor Bogomolov, Thomas Bridgeland and many others.
Motivation
One of the motivations for analyzing stable vector bundles is their nice behavior in families. In fact, Moduli spaces of stable vector bundles can be constructed using the Quot scheme in many cases, whereas the stack of vector bundles is an Artin stack whose underlying set is a single point.
Here's an example of a family of vector bundles which degenerate poorly. If we tensor the Euler sequence of by there is an exact sequencewhich represents a non-zero element since the trivial exact sequence representing the vector isIf we consider the family of vector bundles in the extension from for , there are short exact sequenceswhich have Chern classes generically, but have at the origin. This kind of jumping of numerical invariants does not happen in moduli spaces of stable vector bundles.
Stable vector bundles over curves
A slope of a holomorphic vector bundle W over a nonsingular algebraic curve (or over a Riemann surface) is a rational number μ(W) = deg(W)/rank(W). A bundle W is stable if and only if
for all proper non-zero subbundles V of W
and is semistable if
for all proper non-zero subbundles V of W. Informally this says that a bundle is stable if it is "more ample" than any proper subbundle, and is unstable if it contains a "more ample" subbundle.
If W and V are semistable vector bundles and μ(W) >μ(V), then there are no nonzero maps W → V.
Mumford proved that the moduli space of stable bundles of given rank and degree over a nonsingular curve is a quasiprojective algebraic variety. The cohomology of the moduli space of stable vector bundles over a curve was described by using algebraic geometry over finite fields and using Narasimhan-Seshadri approach.
Stable vector bundles in higher dimensions
If X is a smooth projective variety of dimension m and H is a hyperplane section, then a vector bundle (or a torsion-free sheaf) W is called stable (or sometimes Gieseker stable) if
for all proper non-zero subbundles (or subsheaves) V of W, where χ denotes the Euler characteristic of an algebraic vector bundle and the vector bundle V(nH) means the n-th twist of V by H. W is called semistable if the above holds with < replaced by ≤.
Slope stability
For bundles on curves the stability defined by slopes and by growth of Hilbert polynomial coincide. In higher dimensions, these two notions are different and have different advantages. Gieseker stability has an interpretation in terms of geometric invariant theory, while μ-stability has better properties for tensor products, pullbacks, etc.
Let X be a smooth projective variety of dimension n, H its hyperplane section. A slope of a vector bundle (or, more generally, a torsion-free coherent sheaf) E with respect to H is a rational number defined as
where c1 is the first Chern class. The dependence on H is often omitted from the notation.
A torsion-free coherent sheaf E is μ-semistable if for any nonzero subsheaf F ⊆ E the slopes satisfy the inequality μ(F) ≤ μ(E). It's μ-stable if, in addition, for any nonzero subsheaf F ⊆ E of smaller rank the strict inequality μ(F) < μ(E) holds. This notion of stability may be called slope stability, μ-stability, occasionally Mumford stability or Takemoto stability.
For a vector bundle E the following chain of implications holds: E is μ-stable ⇒ E is stable ⇒ E is semistable ⇒ E is μ-semistable.
Harder-Narasimhan filtration
Let E be a vector bundle over a smooth projective curve X. Then there exists a unique filtration by subbundles
such that the associated graded components Fi := Ei+1/Ei are semistable vector bundles and the slopes decrease, μ(Fi) > μ(Fi+1). This filtration was introduced in and is called the Harder-Narasimhan filtration. Two vector bundles with isomorphic associated gradeds are called S-equivalent.
On higher-dimensional varieties the filtration also always exist and is unique, but the associated graded components may no longer be bundles. For Gieseker stability the inequalities between slopes should be replaced with inequalities between Hilbert polynomials.
Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence
Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem says that stable bundles on a projective nonsingular curve are the same as those that have projectively flat unitary irreducible connections. For bundles of degree 0 projectively flat connections are flat and thus stable bundles of degree 0 correspond to irreducible unitary representations of the fundamental group.
Kobayashi and Hitchin conjectured an analogue of this in higher dimensions. It was proved for projective nonsingular surfaces by , who showed that in this case a vector bundle is stable if and only if it has an irreducible Hermitian–Einstein connection.
Generalizations
It's possible to generalize (μ-)stability to non-smooth projective schemes and more general coherent sheaves using the Hilbert polynomial. Let X be a projective scheme, d a natural number, E a coherent sheaf on X with dim Supp(E) = d. Write the Hilbert polynomial of E as PE(m) = αi(E)/(i!) mi. Define the reduced Hilbert polynomial pE := PE/αd(E).
A coherent sheaf E is semistable if the following two conditions hold:
E is pure of dimension d, i.e. all associated primes of E have dimension d;
for any proper nonzero subsheaf F ⊆ E the reduced Hilbert polynomials satisfy pF(m) ≤ pE(m) for large m.
A sheaf is called stable if the strict inequality pF(m) < pE(m) holds for large m.
Let Cohd(X) be the full subcategory of coherent sheaves on X with support of dimension ≤ d. The slope of an object F in Cohd may be defined using the coefficients of the Hilbert polynomial as if αd(F) ≠ 0 and 0 otherwise. The dependence of on d is usually omitted from the notation.
A coherent sheaf E with is called μ-semistable if the following two conditions hold:
the torsion of E is in dimension ≤ d-2;
for any nonzero subobject F ⊆ E in the quotient category Cohd(X)/Cohd-1(X) we have .
E is μ-stable if the strict inequality holds for all proper nonzero subobjects of E.
Note that Cohd is a Serre subcategory for any d, so the quotient category exists. A subobject in the quotient category in general doesn't come from a subsheaf, but for torsion-free sheaves the original definition and the general one for d = n are equivalent.
There are also other directions for generalizations, for example Bridgeland's stability conditions.
One may define stable principal bundles in analogy with stable vector bundles.
See also
Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence
Corlette–Simpson correspondence
Quot scheme
References
especially appendix 5C.
Algebraic geometry
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印度尼西亞－韓國关系是指大韩民国和印度尼西亚的双边关系。这两个国家皆被认为是中等強國，且都是G-20和APEC的成员国。印度尼西亚和韩国在1973年9月17日正式建立外交关系。韩国大使馆设在雅加达而印度尼西亚大使馆设在首爾。两国关系为特别战略合作伙伴关系。
根据英国广播公司在2014年的民调，48％的印尼人对韩国採正面看法，但有27%表示负面看法。2012年共有约3.8万名印度尼西亚公民生活在韩国。
经贸文化
有大量的韩国公司在印尼设厂，例如樂天百貨、韩泰轮胎、三星集团、LG集团、起亚汽车和現代集團。2011年，韩泰轮胎统计他们在印尼境内的工厂投资了353亿美元。
韩国人举行的一些文艺表演（例如 SMTOWN Live第三次世界巡迴演唱會和Music Bank World Tour）都会在印度尼西亚举办。韩国流行文化有部分灵感来自印度尼西亚文化。
外交访问
1981年7月，全斗煥访问印度尼西亚，次年10月蘇哈托访问韩国。1988年11月，盧泰愚访问印尼。1994年11月，金泳三访问印尼。2000年，瓦希德分别于2月、10月两度访问韩国。
2005年11月，印尼总统尤多约诺在参加APEC时顺道访问了韩国。2006年，盧武鉉回访印度尼西亚并签署战略协定。2012年3月，尤多约诺总统再度访问韩国，同年11月李明博则访问巴厘岛参加巴厘民主论坛。
2021年6月，韩外长郑义溶访问印度尼西亚，两国外长在会谈结束后共同签署了《关于落实韩国-印尼特别战略伙伴关系的行动计划》，该行动计划加强了两国未来五年内在政务、国防、经济、社会文化等领域合作。
参考来源
参见
韩国外交
吉阿吉阿语
印度尼西亚－朝鲜关系
外部链接
印度尼西亚驻韓大使馆
大韩民国驻印度尼西亞大使馆
印度尼西亚双边关系
韓國雙邊關係
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2021年俄羅斯花式滑冰錦標賽（）是國內公開新賽季表演與審視的節目，並未有分數與名次。共有成人組和青年組的兩場比賽。
成人組出場名單
男子
女子
雙人
冰舞
青年組出場名單
男子
女子
雙人
冰舞
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Andrew Giddings (born 10 July 1963) is an English musician. He primarily plays keyboard instruments and is best known as a former member of British rock group Jethro Tull, for whom he was the longest serving keyboardist.
Early life
Giddings was born in Pembury, Kent, England. His mother enrolled him in piano lessons at an early age, which he quit by his early teens in favour of learning to play pop music by ear. After leaving school, he found employment in a musical instrument store.
Career
Giddings began his professional music career in 1980, playing with the groups Profusion, The Chase, and The Brothers Grimm, later forming his own band X-statique. He had a brief solo period backing artists from the past, recording and touring with Eric Burdon's band for about five years. Later he recorded with various artists including Leo Sayer, Sniff 'n' the Tears, Vyktoria Keating, Willy Porter, and Jon Anderson of Yes.
Giddings joined Jethro Tull in 1991, succeeding Maartin Allcock. He played on the albums Catfish Rising, Jethro Tull In Concert, The Beacons Bottom Tapes, Roots to Branches, J-Tull Dot Com, Living with the Past, The Jethro Tull Christmas Album and Aqualung Live. He toured with the band all over the world until 2007 when he was succeeded by John O’Hara. Giddings also played with Ian Anderson on two of the latter's solo albums, Divinities: Twelve Dances with God and The Secret Language of Birds, also on solo albums with Martin Barre.
After leaving Jethro Tull, Giddings produced a solo album in 2010, Picture This, a collection of his keyboard and electronic music. Later he provided keyboard and orchestration services via e-sessions, and wrote and recorded music for film and television at his digital studio in Oxfordshire.
References
External links
Andrew Giddings Music at Reverb Nation
Andrew Giddings at Jethro Tull official website
Artist Biography by Gary Hill
1963 births
Living people
English rock keyboardists
Jethro Tull (band) members
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The Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST, ) is an agency of the government of South Korea that investigates maritime accidents. Its head office is in the in Sejong City. It is subordinate to the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF). It is also known as the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal.
At one time its head office was located in the Seodaemun District of Seoul.
At a later period head office was previously located in the S1 Building in Sunhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul.
See also
Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board
References
External links
Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal
Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal
(2011-2013)
(2003-2006)
Government agencies of South Korea
Maritime safety organizations
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服用利胆止痛片须注意的事项？1.忌食辛辣，少进油腻。 2.感冒发热病人不宜服用。 3.有高血压、心脏病、肝病、糖尿病、肾病等慢性病严重者应在医师指导下服用。 4.伴有月经紊乱者，应在医师指导下服用。 5.眩晕症状较重者，应及时去医院就诊。 6.严格按用法用量服用，本品不宜长期服用。 7.服药2周症状无缓解，应去医院就诊。 8.对本品过敏者禁用，过敏体质者慎用。 9.本品性状发生改变时禁止使用。 10.请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。 11.如正在使用其他药品，使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。
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胃出血病人吃什么菜？胃出血的病因很多，常见病因如下：1.上消化道疾病如食管炎、食管癌、消化性溃疡、胃炎等。2.门静脉高压引起的食管胃底静脉曲张破裂或门脉高压性胃病。3.上消化道邻近器官或组织的疾病（1）胆道出血胆管或胆囊结石、胆道蛔虫病、胆囊或胆管癌等。（2）胰腺疾病累及十二指肠胰腺癌、急性胰腺炎并发脓肿溃破。（3）主动脉瘤破入食管、胃或十二指肠。（4）纵隔肿瘤或脓肿破入食管。4.全身性疾病如白血病、血小板减少性紫癜、尿毒症、动脉粥样硬化、系统性红斑性狼疮、创伤等。上消化道出血期间，患者需要严格禁食，绝对卧床休息。此时家属要悉心照顾患者，呕吐后及时漱口，预防压疮。待患者病情缓解，可以逐渐开始进食，一开始需要以营养丰富、易消化的软食为主.为了减少再出血的风险，患者需要掌握上消化道出血的诱因、用药常识、作息规律，识别早期出血症状及应对措施。胃出血患者日常生活管理：1、发生急性大出血后，一般要禁食几天，家属要积极配合、监督，并安抚病人紧张的情绪。2、医生交代可以进食后，要吃细软、无渣、易消化的食物，如小米油、鸡蛋羹等，不要吃太硬的、纤维素含量高的食物，如地瓜、芹菜等，以免再次出血。3、规律作息，避免劳累，保持良好的心理状态和充足的睡眠，不要太紧张、焦虑。4、戒烟，避免粗糙、辛辣、刺激性的食物，不可大量饮酒，少喝浓咖啡。5、尽量停用抗炎药。若确实必须服用，可向医生咨询后加服保护胃黏膜的药物。
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达俄辉起义是菲律宾历史上持续时间最长的起事。1744年至1829年期間，保和島爆發了反對西班牙的起事。 起事者領袖為。1744年，保和岛一位耶稣会神甫拒绝为殉职的警察举行葬礼，結果警察停尸3日不能下葬。警察的兄弟达俄辉召集群眾反抗西班牙。1746年，起事者擊敗西班牙军队，西班牙軍隊逃回三宝颜。起事人数增至2万以上，保和岛日常行政事务由3人组成的委员会主持。达俄辉去世后，起事继续。1829年，西班牙將起事镇压。
参考文献
19世纪菲律宾
19世紀叛亂
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T318/319、T320/317次列车是中国铁路运行于中央直辖市天津与湖北省会武汉之间的一对已停運的特快旅客列车，自2017年7月1日起按现车次开行，现由武汉铁路局武漢客運段负责客运任务。列车使用25K型客车，沿津霸铁路、京九铁路、漯阜铁路、京广铁路运行，途经天津、河北、山东、河南、安徽、湖北五省一市。其中天津站至汉口站运行20小时15分，使用车次为T318/319次；汉口站至天津站运行19小时02分，使用车次为T320/317次。
历史
K918/919、K920/917次列车的前身是至的245/246次直通旅客快车，具体开行时间不详（一说1985年），但在1987年4月1日发布的列车时刻表上即已出现。1996年1月21日，245/246次列车改在新建的北京西站到发。
1997年4月1日，全国铁路运行图调整，列车车次范围发生变动，245/246次列车随之改为545/546次列车，次年10月1日，北京与武汉之间形成四对列车往返（分别是K37/38次、K77/78次、K79/80次和545/546次）的格局。2000年10月21日，原有的北京西-武昌545/546次列车改为2545/2546次列车并改至天津站始发终到。2006年8月4日，由于武昌站改造，2545/2546次列车改在始发终到。
2007年4月18日，中国铁路实施第六次大提速，2545/2546次列车也同时改为1155/1156次列车。值得一提的是，在普快列车中，1xxx为跨三局以上车次，2xxx为跨两局车次，武汉铁路局2005年即已从郑州铁路局分出，但涉及列车的车次2007年才发生变动。2009年7月1日，1155/1156次普快列车升级为K919/920次快速列车。
2014年9月20日，K919/920次列车由武汉客运段转交汉西车务段管理。同年12月10日，该列车由石德、京广线改经津霸、京九、陇海线运行，车次改为K918/919、K920/917次，而与此同时兰州至拉萨的原K917/918次列车改为Z917/918次列车，原车次随即被津汉列车使用。次年7月1日，该列车再度改线，在商丘至漯河段改经京九、漯阜线运行。
2017年7月1日起，K918/919、K920/917次列车升级为特快旅客列车，车次改为T318/319、T320/317次。
2018年4月10日起，T318/319、T320/317次列车正式停运。
列车编组
现行编组
T318/319、T320/317次列车使用配属武汉铁路局武漢车辆段的25K型客车，列車滿編採取18輛編組，其中硬座車8輛、硬臥車6輛，空調發電車、餐車、軟臥車和行李車各1輛。
历史编组
K918/919、K920/917次列车於2016年5月15日前使用配属武汉铁路局武漢车辆段的DC600V直供電25G型客车。
机车交路
运行时刻
现行时刻
数据截至2017年9月21日运行图调整。
历史时刻
参见
津武高速动车组列车
T253/254次列车
参考资料
中国铁路快速列车车次
中国铁路武汉局集团有限公司
湖北省铁路
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Gallimaufry, A Collection of Essays, Reviews, Bits, is a 2020 collection of 57 essays, book reviews, and shorter pieces all by Joseph Epstein. Essay topics in this collection include authors, literature, biographies, writing, language (its use and misuse), universities, culture, Chicago and humor. The collection is organized into three sections: (i) Essays and Reviews, longer pieces, #1-39 below, (ii) Bits and Pieces, shorter pieces, #40-56 below and (iii) Edward Redux, an essay on his friend and mentor Edward Shils. All of these essays were previously published in journals and anthologies including The Weekly Standard, Commentary (magazine), Claremont Review of Books, Wall Street Journal and others.
Essays collected
Reception
In The American Spectator Larry Thornberry said "I consider Epstein to be the finest essayist and columnist on active duty today." Thornberry appreciated the wide variety of topics taken up in this collection. He concluded with: "(Epstein's) work is a kind of literary palate cleansing."
At Anecdotal Evidence Patrick Kurp said: "At age eighty-three, Epstein remains our most entertaining, wide-ranging, industrious, learned practitioner of both familiar and critical essays."
References
Essay collections
Essays about culture
Essays about literature
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Forest is both a French surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
Antonia Forest (1915–2003), pseudonym of Patricia Giulia Caulfield Kate Rubinstein, English writer of children's novels
Autumn de Forest (born 2001), American painter from Las Vegas, Nevada
Carmen Forest (born 1955), American former handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics
Delphine Forest (1966–2020), French actress
Denis Forest (1960–2002), Canadian character actor
Earl Forest (1926–2003), American musician
Emmelie de Forest (born 1993), Danish singer and songwriter
Erastus L. De Forest (1834–1888), American mathematician
Éric Forest (born 1952), Canadian Senator from Quebec
Frank Forest (1896–1976), American opera singer
Fred Forest (born 1933), French new media artist
George Beach de Forest Jr. (1848–1932), American capitalist, bibliophile and art collector
Gérard La Forest (born 1926), former puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
Green Forest (1979–2000), American-bred French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire
Henry S. De Forest (1847–1917), U.S. Representative from New York
Jacques Forest (1920–2012), French carcinologist
James J.F. Forest, author and a professor at the University of Massachusetts Lowell
Jean Forest, OC (born 1926), Canadian retired Senator
Jean-Baptiste Forest (1636–1712), French landscape painter
Jean-Claude Forest (1930–1998), French comic book author, creator of Barbarella
Jean-Marie Forest (1752–1794) Modena was a general of the French Revolution
Jean Kurt Forest (1909–1975), German violinist and violist, Kapellmeister and composer
Jessé de Forest (1576–1624), leader of a group of Walloon Huguenots fleeing religious persecution
Jim Forest (1941–2022), American writer, lay theologian, educator, peace activist
Joanna Forest, opera crossover soprano singer
John Anthony Forest (1838–1911), French-born clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church
John de Forest (1907–1997), English amateur golfer
John Forest (1471–1538), English Roman Catholic martyr and friar
John William De Forest (1826–1906), American soldier and writer
Karl Forest (1874–1944), Austrian actor
Lee De Forest (1873–1961), American inventor with over 180 patents to his credit
Léonard Forest (born 1928), Acadian filmmaker, poet and essayist
Lockwood de Forest (1850–1932), American painter, interior designer and furniture designer
Ludger Forest (L'Assomption MLA) (1826–1903), physician and political figure in Quebec
Ludger Forest (Sherbrooke MLA) (1877–1943), dentist and political figure in Quebec
Luigi De La Forest (1668–1738), Italian-French painter, who was active in Modena
Marian de Forest (1864–1935), American journalist, playwright, founder of Zonta
Mark Forest (1933–2022), American actor and bodybuilder
Maurice de Forest (1879–1968), early motor racing driver, aviator and Liberal politician in the UK
Michael Forest (born 1929), American actor who provides the voices for many animated titles
Mickaël Forest (born 1975), French rugby union footballer
Patsy De Forest (1894–1966), American actress of the silent cinema era who performed on the stage since childhood
Philippe Forest (born 1962), French author and professor of literature
Robert E. De Forest (1845–1924), Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut
Robert Forest (cyclist) (born 1961), former French professional cyclist
Roy De Forest (1930–2007), American painter
Viviane Forest (born 1979), Canadian multi-sport Paralympic medallist
Yves Forest, QC (1921–2019), Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada
Given name:
Forest Able (born 1932), retired American basketball player
Frederic de Forest Allen (1844–1897), American classical scholar
Forest B. H. Brown (1873–1954), American botanist working on pteridophytes and spermatophytes
Forest Barber (born 1952), American racing driver from Fort Worth, Texas
Forest Baskett, American venture capitalist, computer scientist, professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University
Bernard Forest de Bélidor (1698–1761), French engineer in hydraulics and ballistics
Emmett Forest Branch (1874–1932), the 31st Governor of the U.S. state of Indiana
George de Forest Brush (1855–1941), American painter and Georgist
William Forest Crouch (1904–1968), American director and writer of film
Forest Davis (1879–1958), American politician from the state of Iowa
Forest Dewey Dodrill (1902–1997), doctor who performed the first successful open heart surgery
Forest Etheredge (1929–2004), American educator and politician
Forest Evashevski (1918–2009), American football player, coach, college athletics administrator
Forest K. Ferguson (1919–1954), athlete and later a decorated officer in the U.S. Army
Forest Firestone (1876–1940), American football player and coach
Forest Fletcher (1888–1945), US track and field Olympic athlete, coach, athletic director
Forest Flower (horse) (1984–2011), American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare
Forest Geyer (1892–1932), American football fullback
Forest Harness (1895–1974), U.S. Representative from Indiana
Forest Hays Jr. (1928–1987), American politician in the state of Georgia
Forest Hopkins (1912–1978), former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Forest City Joe (1926–1960), American blues musician mainly remembered as a harmonica player
Forest Lothrop (1924–2021), former American football coach
Forest Loudin (1890–1935), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
Forest McNeir (1875–1957), American sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics
Forest Montgomery (1874–1947), American tennis player
Forest Ray Moulton (1872–1952), American astronomer
J. De Forest Richards (1874–1949), American football player and banker
Forest Rohwer (born 1969), American microbial ecologist, Professor of Biology at San Diego State University
Forest Sale (1911–1985), American college basketball player at the University of Kentucky
Forest Sun (born 1973), Americana singer-songwriter from San Francisco, California, United States
Forest Vance (born 1981), personal trainer and former American football player
Forest Whitaker (born 1961), American actor, producer and director
Fictional characters:
Forest Law (Tekken), a playable character in Namco Bandai's Tekken fighting game franchise
See also
Forrest (given name)
Forrest (surname)
Patrik "f0rest" Lindberg (born 1998), Swedish Counter-Strike and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive player
DeForest (name)
Dominic "Forest" Lapointe, bassist of Augury, formerly of Beyond Creation
French-language surnames
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Multi-word verbs are verbs that consist of more than one word. This term may cover both periphrasis as in combinations involving modal or semi-modal auxiliaries with an additional verbal or other lexeme, e.g. had better, used to, be going to, ought to, phrasal verbs, as in combinations of verbs and particles, and compound verbs as in light-verb constructions, e.g. take a shower, have a meal.
References
External links
Phrasal Verbs and other multi-word verbs
Multi-word verbs (phrasal verbs)
Verb types
Lexical units
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Gong HanLin (; born 20 October 1957) is a Chinese actor and xiangsheng performer and sketch comedy performer.
Gong is notable for performing sketch comedy in CCTV New Year's Gala since 1990.
Biography
Gong was born in Shenyang, Liaoning on October 20, 1957 to actor parents.
After graduating from Shenyang Normal University he was assigned to Shenyang Troupe, he studied xiangsheng under Tang Jiezhong ().
Gong started to perform xiangsheng and sketch comedy in 1986.
He frequently performed on stage with the famous Zhao Lirong prior to her death.
Personal life
Gong married Jin Zhu (), who is also a Chinese actress.
Works
CCTV New Year's Gala
Film
Television
Awards
Sparkling Fox () - 44th Berlin International Film Festival - Honourable Mention
References
External links
1957 births
Male actors from Shenyang
Shenyang Normal University alumni
Living people
Male actors from Liaoning
Chinese male film actors
Chinese male television actors
Chinese male voice actors
Chinese male stage actors
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David Ellis (born in 1953) is a Canadian architect ,based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He is perhaps best known for his winning entry for the World Bank's Malaysian Health Development Project Design Competition along with his countless architectural designs built in Sault Ste Marie, Ontario. "Design is not a product, but a process", David Ellis stated this phrase to explain his view of architectural philosophy through his commitment to architecture, planning and interior design. This philosophy led into his design specialty for buildings that have complex academic innovation as well as attention to the human condition. His vision included revitalizing Northern communities and bringing technology and detail to the human condition. Many of David Ellis' design choices come from a relationship between building and environment, "Everyone needs to have a relationship with their environment".
Life
Born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, David Ellis began his early childhood growing up in Northern Ontario, as he came of age for post-secondary education, Mr. Ellis left to attend Carleton University achieving both his bachelor's and master's of architecture. After completing his schooling, David Ellis returned to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario and began giving back to the community. David Ellis has always had a connection to the eco-friendly portion of architecture and creating a connection between building and landscape, as he was designing earth sheltered and solar homes in the late 1970s. He continued this concept throughout his education and into real practice, as he has now become the only LEED accredited architect in the Sault Ste. Marie area. Additionally, he is an accomplished competitive cyclist, having won gold medals as Ontario Best All round Time Trial Champion for two years running, plus silver and bronze in other years. He used his racing experience to become a frame designer, along with longtime friend, associate and master craftsman, Hans Metzen. Their bicycles have been ridden by athletes competing in National and World Championships, both on the road and track.
Career
After completing his education at Carleton University, Mr. Ellis moved back to Sault Ste. Marie and joined D. Perry Short Architect in 1978. After five years of Ellis being employed the firm became a partnership between Short and Mr. Ellis, until Short's retirement in 1990. Ellis became the sole architect and the name was now changed to David Ellis Architect Inc. The firm then competed and won the World Bank's Malaysian Health Development Project Design Competition, which resulted in other partners coming aboard to increase the size of the firm. As more partners came aboard, Mr. Ellis was the founder principal and lead designer of the firms EPA (Ellis, Pastore Architecture) and EPO (Ellis, Pastore, Oswin Consultants). However, after a couple projects together as a firm, Mr. Ellis decided to work independently again, establishing the firm known today as, DavidELLISArchitect Inc.
Architecture Style and Philosophy
Throughout David Ellis' years of designing, it is evident that Mr. Ellis was influenced through his birthplace within a Northern community, his designs often reflect a connection to the exterior landscape through various lighting practises and materiality choices. For example, in many of his lab designs, such as the Technology and Science Design center, discussed further under ‘works’, Mr. Ellis uses the end of corridors as spaces to connect with the outdoors, as well as a space for people to congregate and chat. Many of David Ellis' designs use building cantilevers and natural shading to produce spaces that have less reliance on mechanical systems, and more of a connection to the environment around it, through various strategies that mitigate heat and allow cross-ventilation to occur in many designs.
Sustainability and LEED accredited Designs
The firm's intentions and smaller projects within the community that prove DavidELLISarchitect Inc., as a sustainable and environmentally friendly firm. In specific, the firm speaks about its use of sustainable design with the community. The RYTAC building in Sault Ste. Marie, depicts a structure constructed along the St. Mary's River, in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. This building is an example of adaptive reuse and use of eco-friendly practices in order to limit the amount of damage done to the site. Another factor that David ELLIS architecture firm focuses on is the delivery of materials and accounting for LEED standards in all of the build concepts. Materials are chosen from a local source, for example, many steel beams and connectors are sourced directly from the Steel mill within the city of Sault Ste. Marie, creating minimal carbon output upon delivery of materials as delivery is below 50 km in roadway distance. Being the only LEED certified architect currently practicing in Sault Ste Marie, David Ellis himself focuses on bringing these requirements to life in every build to allow for the rejuvenation of Northern Ontario in the years to come without requirement to re-approach his designs in future.
Restorative and Adaptive Reuse Designs
In terms of sustainable and eco friendly design, the firm also prides itself on designing architecture with our cultural heritage in mind. David Ellis spent many months designing and building these additions to a cultural building, while respecting its heritage and allowing it to still create the same experience it once did. As it can be seen, DavidELLISarchitect recently designed an addition to the white stone brick building and created a ‘summer kitchen’, as a log cabin placed within the site. The firm spent many hours trying to replicate and understand how the Ermatinger family lived and functioned during the pioneer era in Northern Ontario. This shows how the firm wants to revitalize the Northern Communities and bring back the history that made the North what it is today, and continue to push our heritage and culture into the future of architecture. The connection between future and past can therefore allow the viewer to have a human experience within David ELLIS architect's buildings.
Publications
The work of David Ellis is regularly featured in design and architectural journals and has received a number of international and national design awards, such as his winning entry for the World Bank's Malaysian Health Development Project Design Competition, awards from the American Architectural Woodwork Institute (LSSU Crawford Hall), the Association of Registered Interior Designers of Ontario (Floreani Clinic) and the Canadian Terrazzo, Tile and Marble Institute (John Rhodes Community Pool). Recognition of technical expertise is evidenced by his R&D Magazine'''s "Laboratory of the Year" and two "Ontario Global Traders Awards" for his research and work abroad.
His design work has been recently published in: The Canadian Architect, Perspectives, One Thousand Architects, Architecture Malaysia, Magazin fur Kunden und Mitarbeiter, DimensionsMagazine, Research and Development Magazine, Steel Design, Canada's Cultural Places, Canada Builds Magazine'', etc. He has also contributed in many architecturally related areas, such as the Ontario government's "Heritage Tool Kit". He was the keynote speaker to the Commonwealth Scientific Congress, held in Sarawak, Borneo, the Scientific Equipment and Furniture Association annual convention in Chicago, and the Ontario Global Trader's Awards, in addition to lecturing at Construct Canada, Toronto, the Pittsburgh Scientific Conference and many other architectural design and historical symposia.
Notable design projects
Among the many projects that David Ellis has completed in his career are the following:
Essar Convergence Centre, Ontario, Canada
The concept of the Essar Convergence Centre was to create a sustainable design that integrated human and ecological concerns resulting in a LEED gold designation. Another factor that resulted in the LEED gold standard was the consideration of material delivery and reducing that distance as much as possible, for example the steel came from the local Essar Steel Algoma and concrete was formed using waste products from local industry.
ADSB JK to 12 School
The ADSB (Algoma District School Board) hired architects David Ellis Architect and Teeple Architect to design a space for the entire community of Hornepayne, ON, to use as a school for all ages. The building features a double-sized gymnasium with a curtain wall to give the ability to split it into two smaller spaces allowing multi-use rooms, a theme seen throughout the design. The project also utilizes many methods of energy saving and environmentally friendly techniques, such as the in-ground geothermal heating system. This system consists of seventy-two, 100m deep wells in order to naturally heat/cool the structure.
Lakehead University, Centre for Advanced Studies in Engineering + Sciences
The revitalization of the Northern communities came back to life after David returned from Malaysia. The idea and philosophy of revitalization and togetherness came from David Ellis’ design choices in NET positive architecture at Carleton, as well as the thought into establishing the concept for the Malaysian Health Development project. This happened when the firm began designing the Essar Convergence Center in Sault Ste Marie, Ontario. Mr. Ellis is quoted saying that he wanted to keep the original tower outside the Sault Ste. Marie Events center (GFL Memorial Gardens) as it remains a cultural image of the downtown core of Sault Ste Marie. David believed that through small additions and changes the old site can become rejuvenated and adapted to work for future programming. Succeeding in this action, David not only kept the memorial tower, he also left much of the existing brickwork on the exterior walls and did not edit the topology of the site, lending it to create a dynamic staircase that now signifies a main entry point.
Canada
Algoma University Biosciences and Technology Convergence Centre, Ontario, Canada
Government of Canada Great Lakes Forest Research Centre/Forest Pest Management Institute/Ontario Forest Research Institute complex, Ontario, Canada
Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre Entrance, Ontario, Canada
4D Theatre at the Canadian Bushplane Museum, Ontario, Canada
Group Health Centre, Ontario, Canada
The Group Health Centre and Sault Ste. Marie Innovation Centre joint Community Geomatics Centre
Hockey Heritage North, Ontario, Canada
The new Sault Area Hospital (co-design), Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Ontario, Canada (currently under construction)
Algoma Residential Community Hospice, Ontario, Canada
Floreani Orthodontic Clinic, Ontario, Canada
Ontario Provincial Police Department, Ontario, Canada
Sault Ste. Marie Events Centre, Ontario, Canada
Ontario Winter Games Pool, Ontario, Canada
John Rhodes Community Centre, Ontario, Canada
F.H. Clergue French Immersion School, Ontario, Canada
Waterfront Residential Project, Ontario, Canada
Alternative Energy Interpretative Centre
United States
Ozone Project (In "progress") Michigan, U.S.A.
Lake Superior State University's Crawford hall of Science, Michigan, U.S.A
Northwestern College Science/IT Centre, Michigan, U.S.A.
Bay College Science Building, Michigan, U.S.A
Viterbo University Science and Ethics Building, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
International
The Malaysia Health Development Project Regional Laboratories, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
National Blood Service Centre, Malaysia
Prototypical Middle School Design, St. Lucia
Australian Great Ocean Drive Residence
Design awards
2003 Association of Registered Interior Designers of Ontario, Floreani Orthodontist Clinic
2000 Laboratory of the Year, Lake Superior State University's Crawford Hall of Science by Research Facilities Design and R&D Magazine
2000 American Woodwork Institute Award, Lake Superior State University
2000 Canadian Tile, Marble and Terrazzo Institute Award, Ontario Winter Games Pool and Restaurant
1998, 2002 Ontario Global Trader Regional Leadership Award – Leadership in the Scientific and Medical Design Fields
1995 Design Competition Winner - Sponsor The World Bank, Malaysia Health Development
References
People from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Canadian architects
Living people
1953 births
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VistaVision is a higher resolution, widescreen variant of the 35 mm motion picture film format which was created by engineers at Paramount Pictures in 1954.
Paramount did not use anamorphic processes such as CinemaScope but refined the quality of its flat widescreen system by orienting the 35 mm negative horizontally in the camera gate and shooting onto a larger area, which yielded a finer-grained projection print.
As finer-grained film stocks appeared on the market, VistaVision became obsolete. Paramount dropped the format after only seven years, although for another 40 years the format was used by some European and Japanese producers for feature films, and by American films such as the first three Star Wars films for high-resolution special effects sequences.
In many ways, VistaVision was a testing ground for cinematography ideas that evolved into 70 mm IMAX and OMNIMAX film formats in the 1970s. Both IMAX and OMNIMAX are oriented sideways, like VistaVision.
History
As a response to an industry recession brought about by the popularity of television, the Hollywood studios turned to large format movies in order to regain audience attendance. The first of these, Cinerama, debuted in September 1952, and consisted of three strips of 35 mm film projected side-by-side onto a giant, curved screen, augmented by seven channels of stereophonic sound.
Five months later, in February 1953, Twentieth Century Fox announced that they would soon be introducing a simpler version of Cinerama using anamorphic lenses instead of multiple film strips; a widescreen process that soon became known to the public as CinemaScope.
As a response, Paramount Pictures devised its own system the following month to augment its 3-D process known as Paravision. This process utilized a screen size that yielded an aspect ratio of 5 units wide by 3 units high, or 1.66:1. By using a different sized aperture plate and wider lens, a normal Academy ratio film could be soft matted to this or any other aspect ratio. Shortly thereafter, it was announced that all of the studio's productions would be shot in this ratio.
The VistaVision fanfare, used on most of the films produced in this ratio, was written by film, television, and radio composer and orchestrator Nathan Van Cleave.
This "flat" widescreen process was adopted by other studios and by the end of 1953, more than half of the theaters in America had installed wide screens. However, there were drawbacks: because a smaller portion of the image was being used and magnification was increased, excessive grain and soft images plagued early widescreen presentations. Some studios sought to compensate for this by shooting its color pictures with a full aperture gate (rather than the academy aperture), and then reducing the image in Technicolor's optical printer. This process is a predecessor of today's Super 35 format which also uses a 1.85:1 ratio, but uses one-third more frame area than a standard 1.85:1 matted into a 4:3.
Paramount took this concept a step further, using old Stein cameras from the 1930s which used a two-frame color format that was itself adopted from a 1902 three-frame color film process developed by Edward Raymond Turner. For the aborted early 1930s color process, instead of an image four perforations high, the camera exposed eight perforations (essentially two frames) consisting of one 4-perf image through a red filter and one 4-perf image through a green filter.
In shooting VistaVision, the film was run horizontally rather than vertically, and instead of exposing two simultaneous 4-perf frames, the entire eight perforations were used for one image. This format is identical to the 135 film format used by 35 mm still cameras.
Because of its peculiar horizontal orientation on the negative, VistaVision was sometimes called Lazy 8 by film professionals. This gave a wider aspect ratio of 1.5:1 versus the conventional 1.37:1 Academy ratio, and a much larger image area. In order to satisfy all theaters with all screen sizes, VistaVision films were shot in such a way that they could be shown in one of three recommended aspect ratios: 1.66:1, 1.85:1 and 2.00:1.
The negative was "scribed" with a new form of cue mark, made at the start of each 2000-foot (610 m) reel. Similar in shape to an F, the cue mark contained staffs that directed the projectionist to the top of the frame for the three recommended aspect ratios. The projectionist racked their framing so that the staff touched the top of the screen (at the appropriate ratio) and the framing was set for the rest of the reel. On many home video releases these cue marks have been digitally erased.
While most competing widescreen film systems used magnetic audio and true stereophonic sound, early VistaVision carried only Perspecta Stereo, encoded in the optical track.
Loren L. Ryder, chief engineer at Paramount, expressed four general reasons he thought Paramount's VistaVision would be the forerunner of widescreen projection in most theaters:
VistaVision could be shown at widescreen aspect ratios between 1.66 and 2.00:1.
VistaVision could be (and most often was) further printed down to standard vertical 35 mm reels keeping its 1.66:1 widescreen aspect ratio, which meant exhibitors did not need to purchase additional projection equipment, unlike CinemaScope.
VistaVision did not cut down the number of seats in any theater (as did Cinerama, and CinemaScope at first).
VistaVision allowed patrons to see more and therefore gain more enjoyment out of a feature.
After months of trade screenings, Paramount introduced VistaVision to the public at Radio City Music Hall on October 14, 1954, with its first film shot in the process, White Christmas.
White Christmas, Strategic Air Command, To Catch a Thief, Richard III, and The Battle of the River Plate had very limited (two or three) prints struck in the 8-perf VistaVision format in which they were shot. Although the clarity of these 8-perf prints was striking, they were used only for premiere or preview engagements between 1954 and 1956 and required special projection equipment. This exhibition process was impractical because for the footage to travel through a projector at the normal 24 frames per second, the film had to roll at three feet per second, double the speed of 35 mm film and causing many technical and mechanical problems. Aside from these prints all other VistaVision films were shown in the conventional 4-perf (vertical) format, as planned.
Alfred Hitchcock used VistaVision for many of his films in the 1950s. However, by the late 1950s with the introduction of finer-grained color stocks and the disadvantage of shooting twice as much negative stock, VistaVision became obsolete. Less expensive anamorphic systems such as CinemaScope and the more expensive 70 mm format became standard during the later 1950s and 1960s.
Since the last American VistaVision picture, One-Eyed Jacks in 1961, the format has not been used as a primary imaging system for American feature films. However, VistaVision's high resolution made it attractive for some special effects work within some later feature films. Many VistaVision cameras were sold off internationally beginning in the early 1960s, which led to a significant number of VistaVision format productions (which did not use the trade name) in countries such as Italy and Japan from the 1960s to 1980s. The format was used infrequently for lesser-known Japanese films until at least 2000.
Special effects usage
In 1975, a small group of artists and technicians (including Richard Edlund who was to receive two Academy Awards for his work) revived the long-dormant format to create the special effects shots for George Lucas's space epic Star Wars. A retooled VistaVision camera dubbed the Dykstraflex (named for special effects master John Dykstra) was used by the group (later called Industrial Light & Magic) in complex process shots. For more than two decades after this, VistaVision was often used as an originating and intermediate format for shooting special effects since a larger negative area compensates against the increased grain created when shots are optically composited. By the early 21st century, computer-generated imagery, advanced film scanning, digital intermediate methods and film stocks with higher resolutions optimized for special effects work had together rendered VistaVision mostly obsolete even for special effects work. Nevertheless, in 2008, ILM was still using the format in some production steps, such as for Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, and a VistaVision camera was used in the semi-trailer flip scene in The Dark Knight when there were not enough IMAX cameras to cover all the angles needed for the shot. More recently, certain key sequences of the film Inception were shot in VistaVision, and in the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, shots that needed to be optically enlarged were shot in VistaVision.
Technical specifications
VistaVision (8/35)
spherical lenses, usually adapted and re-mounted Leica full-frame Rangefinder camera lenses; SOM Berthiot made a special zoom just for VistaVision applications, but it saw very little use.
8 perforations per frame.
horizontal pulldown, from right to left (viewed from emulsion side).
slightly less depth of field than vertical pulldown 35 mm.
camera aperture: 1.485 inches (37.72 mm) by 0.981 inches (24.92 mm).
Films shot in VistaVision
White Christmas was the first Paramount film to utilize the VistaVision method, but perhaps the most well-known film to be shot completely on VistaVision is Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo.
Legacy
The camera numbered VistaVision #1, used on Cecil B. DeMille's The Ten Commandments, films by Alfred Hitchcock, and others, was offered at auction on September 30, 2015, by Profiles in History with an estimated value of US$30,000 to $50,000, with a winning bid of US$65,000.
Also offered at the same auction was VistaVision High Speed #1 (VVHS1), which was used to film the parting of the Red Sea in The Ten Commandments (1956) and special effects on Star Wars (winning bid US$60,000.)
RED Monstro sensor is a revamp of the VistaVision sensor. Cameras with the sensor are Red Ranger Monstro, DSMC2 Monstro, and Panavision DXL2.
See also
Technirama
List of film formats
List of VistaVision films
References
Further reading
"The Story of VistaVision" by Keith Wilson, Cinema Retro, Vol. 11, Issue 31, 2015 (on US newsstands Feb 2015), pages 40–41. Large format magazine article with nine photos, including technical.
External links
List of VistaVision titles at the Internet Movie Database
Widescreen Museum — The VistaVision Wing
Chasing Cotards Short film shot in VistaVision. Premiered May 8, 2010 at London IMAX
Motion picture film formats
Paramount Pictures
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中國貨運航空創立於1998年7月30日，於10月開始營運，總部設於上海，中國東方航空佔有其83%股權。2010年12月中国东方航空宣布，與中國遠洋運輸集團、長榮航空、新加坡貨運航空，向中國貨運航空增資20.5億元人民幣，其中，東航出資10.46億元，中遠集團出資3.49億元，長榮航空出資3.28億元，新加坡貨航出資3.28億元。增資完成後，中貨航的持股比例分別為東航持股51%、中遠集團持股17%、長榮航空持股16%、新加坡貨航持股16%。東航物流於2021年6月9日正式在上海證券交易所掛牌上市，其中國有法人持股占45%，境內非國有法人持股占55%。根據東航物流2021年半年報顯示，中國貨運航空有限公司註冊資本30億元人民幣，2021年度上半季營收77億元人民幣，淨利潤13億人民幣。
2011年5月31日下午，新中国货运航空公司（简称“新中货航”）在上海挂牌成立，新公司在原中国货运航空、上海国际货运航空和长城航空的基础上联合重组，成为中国内地最大的货运航空公司。
2012年6月，中國貨運航空正式與天合聯盟簽署加盟協議書，並於2013年6月5日正式加入天合聯盟貨運。
航點
机队
中國貨運航空的机队包括下列机型（截止2022年12月）
2架 波音747-400ERF
13架 波音777-200LRF
参考文献
外部链接
中国货运航空
中国东方航空
中国航空公司
货运航空公司
上海公司
天合联盟
1998年成立的航空公司
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阿魯納恰爾語言是分布於印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦的語言，傳統上歸入漢藏語系，但也可能是孤立语言或独立的语系。 Blench (2011) 認為此語言區應有四個孤立语言（鲁蘇語、達邁語、格曼語和蘇龍語）和三個獨立語系（義都-達讓語支、 舍朱奔語支和桑朗語支）。 然而，Anderson (2014) 等人對此提出質疑，他们認為這群語言是漢藏語系的主要分支，而非孤立語言或獨立語系。
阿魯納恰爾語言分支
鲁苏语支
鲁苏语
达迈语: 崩如語、东达迈语、西达迈语
舍朱奔语支
蘇龍語 : 方言群
布贡语
西支
舍朱奔语、萨尔当语
楚格语、利西語
西语
克羅語
米朗語
格曼语支
格曼语
梅約語
义都－达让语支
义都语
达让语
參考資料
假定的語言系屬分類
漢藏語系
印度語言
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徐璉（），字宗献，别号玉峰，陝西承宣布政使司西安府朝邑縣（今陝西省大荔縣東朝邑鄉）人，明朝政治人物、進士出身。
生平
弘治五年乙卯科舉人，十二年（1499年）己未科進士，授户部主事，管京庾，监临清税，总理辽东粮储，由戶部郎中出為嚴州府知府，在任三月，丁外艰归，復補袁州府知府，曾經跟從王守仁征討朱宸濠，獲首功千餘。平定叛亂后，升任江西右參政。明世宗錄功，各增秩二等。嘉靖二年，因給事御史彈劾，以進布政使致仕。所著有《玉峰集》十五卷、五言诗五卷、选唐三体诗三卷、《编群书纂要》一百九十六卷。享年七十有七。
参考文献
《江西左布政使徐公琏墓志铭》
徐姓
朝邑人
明朝江西布政使
明朝戶部郎中
明朝袁州府知府
明朝江西布政使司参政
明朝嚴州府知府
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Pisulina tenuis is a species of submarine cave snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritiliidae.
Description
Distribution
References
Neritiliidae
Gastropods described in 2000
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HMS Weston was a Shoreham-class sloop of the British Royal Navy. Weston was built at Devonport Dockyard in 1931–1933.
Weston served on the Africa Station and in the Red Sea in the 1930s. In the Second World War, she was used for convoy escort duties, operating in British waters and in the North Atlantic, sinking the German submarine in 1940, and later in West African waters. The ship was laid up in reserve after the end of the war in Europe and was scrapped in 1947.
Construction and design
The British Admiralty ordered four sloops as part of the 1930 construction programme, with three ordered from Devonport and one from Chatham dockyard. Classified as repeat Shoreham or Falmouth-class ships, they, like the four Shoreham-class sloops ordered under the 1929 construction programme, were a lengthened and improved version of the of the 1928 programme, which were themselves a modification of the . They were intended for a dual role of patrol service in overseas stations in peacetime and minesweeping during war.
Weston was long overall, with a beam of and a draught of at full load. Displacement was standard and deep load. Two Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers fed two geared steam turbines which drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at , giving a speed of .
The ship's main gun armament consisted of two 4-inch (102 mm) QF Mk V guns mounted fore-and-aft on the ship's centreline, with the forward gun on a High-Angle (HA) anti-aircraft mounting and the aft gun on a Low-Angle (LA) mounting, suitable only for use against surface targets. Four 3-pounder saluting guns completed the ship's gun armament. The initial anti-submarine armament consisted of four depth charges. The ship had a crew of 100 officers and other ranks.
Weston was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 7 September 1931. She was launched on 23 July 1932 and completed on 23 February 1933, with the pennant number L72.
Modifications
The repeat Shorehams were modified in 1937 to 1939 to improve their anti-aircraft capability, with Weston having a major refit in 1939, with the aft 4-inch gun being replaced by a second HA gun, and a quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun mount added for close-in anti-aircraft duties. In September 1939, a second quadruple machine gun mount was added. The ship's armament continued to be modified through the war, with the 3-pounder guns and the multiple machine guns removed, and first two, and later another two single Oerlikon 20 mm autocannon added. The ship's anti-submarine armament was also gradually increased during the war, with the number of depth charges carried increasing from 15 to as many as 60–90. Other wartime changes included the fitting of radar and High-frequency direction finding gear.
Service
Weston, which was nicknamed "Aggie on Horseback" in service (based on the ship's namesake, Weston-Super-Mare and the Victorian philanthropist Agnes Weston, founder of the Royal Sailors' Rests in Plymouth and Portsmouth), came under command of the Commander-in-Chief, Africa on commissioning, where she served until August 1935, when the sloop joined the East Indies Station, operating in the Red Sea.
The ship started a major refit at Malta in February 1939, and in June that year was moved to Portsmouth Dockyard, where the refit was continued, completing in September 1939. Weston was then assigned to the Rosyth Escort Force, but on 13 September 1939 ran aground in the North Sea on her way to Rosyth, although damage was minor. Duties in the Rosyth Escort Force included escorting convoys along the East coast of Britain. On 14 December 1939, the destroyer struck a mine off the Tyne. Weston, along with the sloop and the destroyer , escorted Kelly as she was towed into port.
On 24 February 1940, Weston rescued 27 survivors from the merchant ship , which had been sunk by a mine off the Firth of Forth earlier that day. In May 1939, Westons pennant number changed from L72 to U72. On 31 May, Weston depth-charged the German submarine off Lowestoft while escorting the convoy FN.184, forcing the submarine to scuttle herself. All of U-13s crew were picked up by Weston, while a set of standing orders from Admiral Karl Dönitz prohibiting the rescue of survivors by German U-boats in British waters was also recovered. These orders were used in the prosecution case against Donitz at the Nuremberg trials in 1946. On 1 August 1940, when escorting Convoy FN 239, Weston claimed a German bomber shot down while escorting a convoy.
From January 1941, Weston was part of the Northern Escort Force, and from July 1941, the Londonderry Sloop Division. By 1 October that year, Weston was part of the 42nd Escort Group, still based at Londonderry Port. On 29 November 1941, Weston was escorting Convoy OS 12 when it was attacked by the German submarine , which sank two freighters before being driven off by the sloops and . Weston was refitted at Dundee between June and September 1942.
In late February 1943, Weston formed part of the escort for the tanker convoy UC 1, consisting of 32 ships (mainly empty oil tankers), travelling from Britain to Curaçao in the Caribbean, with a Royal Navy close escort of four sloops and two frigates, supported by a support group of four US Navy destroyers. From 23 February the convoy came under attack by a group of 11 German submarines, with three tankers being sunk and two more damaged, with one U-boat, being sunk by Totland. Weston was refitted at Belfast between June and August 1943, and was then sent to Freetown to join the West Africa Command, joining Escort Group 55, also based at Freetown, in March 1944. In October 1944, Weston was sent to Bermuda for a refit, and in January 1945, returned to Britain for completion of the refit at Portsmouth. On completion of the refit, Weston was used for escorting coastal convoys until the end of the war in Europe.
In June 1945, Weston was laid up in reserve, and on 22 May 1947, she was transferred to British Iron & Steel Corporation for scrapping.
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
Shoreham-class sloops
Sloops of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon
1932 ships
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Kurt Lilien (born Kurt Lilienthal; 6 August 1882 – 28 May 1943) was a German actor. He appeared in 50 films between 1919 and 1933. Lilien was born into a Jewish family, Lilien would be arrested and sent to Sobibor extermination camp by the Nazis where he was murdered in 1943.
Selected filmography
Maciste and the Silver King's Daughter (1922)
A Crazy Night (1927)
The Most Beautiful Legs of Berlin (1927)
Dolly Gets Ahead (1930)
Rag Ball (1930)
Hocuspocus (1930)
Die zärtlichen Verwandten (1930)
Flachsmann the Educator (1930)
Susanne Cleans Up (1930)
My Leopold (1931)
The Soaring Maiden (1931)
Bobby Gets Going (1931)
Weekend in Paradise (1931)
Every Woman Has Something (1931)
Grock (1931)
My Heart Longs for Love (1931)
The Secret of the Red Cat (1931)
A Woman Branded (1931)
Headfirst into Happiness (1931)
When the Soldiers (1931)
I'll Stay with You (1931)
Johnny Steals Europe (1932)
The Testament of Cornelius Gulden (1932)
Two Hearts Beat as One (1932)
Scandal on Park Street (1932)
Gitta Discovers Her Heart (1932)
The Importance of Being Earnest (1932)
Greetings and Kisses, Veronika (1933)
The Roberts Case (1933)
Manolescu, Prince of Thieves (1933)
What Women Dream (1933)
And Who Is Kissing Me? (1933)
References
External links
1882 births
1943 deaths
German male film actors
German male silent film actors
German male stage actors
German male musical theatre actors
20th-century German male actors
Jewish German male actors
German Jews who died in the Holocaust
German people who died in Sobibor extermination camp
German male comedians
Male actors from Berlin
Comedians from Berlin
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打胎医院能检查出来吗？打过胎医院能检查出吗？如果流产时间不长的话，通过B超等能够检查出来，因为经过流产，子宫内膜会损伤比较严重，或者是子宫壁变薄。因此提醒女性，不能打胎那么多次，否则可能会影响以后的生育。很多女性都有打过胎的情况，但是出于某种原因，女性不想让这种情况被别人知晓。一般而言，普通的身体检查不会查出女性打过胎。但是妇科检查会让女性被查出打过胎，因为打过胎的女性宫颈口和正常没有打过胎的女性是不一样的。一般医院都会尊重女性的隐私。在我们的生活中，很多女性由于不想要腹中的胎儿，所以说会选择打胎的方式。有的女性担心做身体检查的时，打胎会被检查出来。如果说是一般的身体检查，是不会看出来打胎的，比如说b超是无法看出打胎的。但是如果做妇科检查，是可以看出来打胎的。女性应该对打胎如何检查的方式有所了解。有的身体检查，包括血液常规、白带常规和一些体表检查等，这些检查并不会看出来女性是否打过胎。因为女性打胎的话是需要检查子宫和阴道才能够看出来的。如果患者只需要做一般的身体检查，女性是无需担心的，只要保持良好的心态，积极的面对检查就可以了。女性当正确的看待身体检查。患者如果需要做妇科检查的话，是可以看出来打过胎的。因为正常没有生过孩子的女性，她的宫颈是成O型的，生过孩子的女性或者是流过产的女性，她的宫颈成一字形。区别非常明显的，是可以被检查出来的。所以说，女性在做妇科检查的时候，要做好被看出来流产的情况。综上所述，有的女性由于身体情况或者是生活原因等，打过胎的话，是可以被检查出来的。但是一般的身体检查是无法检查出来的，只有通过妇科检查才能够检查出来，所以说患者不必过于担心。一般医院的话，都会尊重患者的隐私，并不会将检查结果随意地告诉他人。
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脸上闭合性痘痘怎么治疗？相信很多人在青春期的时候都是会有痘痘的出现，痘痘不仅十分影响人们的整体颜值，而且还是会打击人们的自信心，而且很多人的肤质是比较特殊的，因此是会容易出现一些增生性的问题，其实想要去除痘痘还是要通过整形的方法，尤其是大面积的痘痘，想要依靠护肤品以及祛痘产品，效果还是十分缓慢的。那么，下面就来具体了解一下脸上闭合性痘痘的治疗方法好了。治疗闭合性粉刺，可以使用一些溶解角质的外用药，每晚使用一次点涂在痘痘上。全身因素可能起主要作用，尤其是特异性身体素质因素，这种因素有时还表现出遗传的特点。为皮肤损伤后机体组织过度增生所引起的一种类良性肿瘤样反应。紫外线也是能诱发痘痘的恶化的重要原因之一，所以在日照强度高的天气外出前一定要做好防晒工作，饮食方面切忌吃油炸、辛辣、坚果类的食物，这一类食物容易诱发痘痘的滋长。多吃蔬菜也是一个杜绝青春痘的好方法，因为红萝卜、波菜等具有可以增强对细菌的抵抗力的功效，而青椒、椰菜花则有抗菌效果，此外，均衡的饮食，有助于身体的健康，当然能减少青春痘的发生率。闭合性痘痘就是闭合性粉刺，是痤疮中比较轻的类型，它的发病原因主要因为毛囊开口处与外界不相通，皮脂淤积在毛囊不能排出，所以称为闭合性粉刺。去闭合性痘痘的方法和注意事项:一、别情不自禁用手摸；这往往造成细菌在脸上肌肤滋生。二、被子、床单、枕头、洗脸毛巾等要时常保持清。三、忌烟忌酒四、均衡饮食五、良好的生活作息。激光治疗痘见效快、疗程短，立竿见影的疗效使求美者容易配合全程的治疗。
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Rorschach Test is an American industrial band from Denver, Colorado, formed by James Baker.
James Baker
Baker was a young minister based in Denver until being defrocked in the early 1990s for his allegedly heretical questioning of church doctrine.
He began writing music and lyrics after leaving the church. Soon after, he met guitarist Benjamin Anderson, from Yuma, Arizona, and the two began writing songs together. Baker and band members began composing "metallic, industrial songs with a definite debt to Ministry and Skinny Puppy but including elements of conventional metal."
History
Rorschach Test formed in Denver, Colorado, with Baker joined by Anderson, guitarist Kris Geren, and keyboard player/programmer Troee Kerr. They later relocated to Seattle where they were signed to Chicago-based label Slip Disc Records. They enjoyed a successful career during Seattle's lively music scene in the 1990s. They toured North America playing shows with bands including Korn, Type O Negative, Genitorturers, and Queensrÿche.
The band's second album, Unclean, was released in 1998 on Slip Disc. They later signed to E-magine, who reissued the album in 2000.
The band's third album, Peace Minus One (2000), was listed as a "must hear" album by CMJ New Music Report, who described it as "one part raw metal, one part industrial...sharper than a bag full of razor blades." It also reached the top ten of the CMJ Metal chart. The band, along with Bile and Videodrone, Snake River Conspiracy, and N17 embarked on the 'Bush And Gore 2000' tour of the US that year.
In 2004 former Rorschach Test guitarist Aaron Slip joined Prong.
After breaking up in 2002, the band reformed after a hiatus of more than ten years, with a new album, American EyeDull, planned.
Discography
The Eleventh (1996)
Unclean (Slipdisc 1998)
Peace Minus One (E-Magine 2000)
American EyeDull (TBD)
References
External links
Rorschach Test - Unclean (credits at Discogs.com)
Heavy metal musical groups from Colorado
American industrial metal musical groups
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老年脑积液有什么症状？脑液首先要确定脑液的诱因，在积极治疗原病的同时，有必要对症进行治疗，脑液的治疗在临床上主要分为内科治疗和外科治疗。内科治疗是主要的保守治疗，患者可以使用某种利尿剂促进脑液的代谢，也可以使用穿刺手段释放多余的脑液。手术治疗可以缓解脑液过多导致颅内压升高，如果颅内脑液超过50ml，则可进行手术治疗，但一般手术治疗效果不佳。脑液患者出现头痛、视力不清、呕吐、眩晕和癫痫等症状，需要积极治疗。脑积水会导致颅内压升高。最常见的症状是头痛、恶心和呕吐。严重呕吐可能是喷射，伴有视力模糊、头晕和复视。癫痫也可以表现为下肢无力、行走不稳和跌倒。脑积水的常见原因是脑炎、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑囊虫病、颅内占位病变等疾病。老年人的脑脊液能生存多久，根据具体的病情来看，并且分为急性和慢性，另外，由于存在不同的病因，因此这些不能明确肯定。老年人因外伤或脑血管疾病引起的急性脑积水必须在1，2小时以内就诊。发生意识不明的症状，如果不积极地进行治疗的话，在1，2小时内就有可能发生呼吸和循环障碍而死亡。关于慢性脑脊液，可能起因于脑萎缩、功能异常被分泌等，但生存时间在3、4个月时没有问题，有必要通过相应的治疗进行改善，否则后期就会出现越来越严重的临床症状。老人的脑液不影响寿命。脑积液是指各种原因导致脑脊液分泌过多，循环障碍或吸收障碍导致脑脊液在颅内蓄积过多该部位常发生于脑室内，形成脑积水，累及蛛网膜下腔，临床上常伴有颅内压升高。会引起头痛、头胀、头重、头晕、耳鸣、视力下降、下肢无力等症状。多采用手术治疗，急性脑液一般采用脑室外引流治疗；慢性脑液多采用积液腹腔引流术治疗预后良好，不影响寿命
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沙斯塔（）是位於美國加利福尼亞州沙斯塔縣的一個人口普查指定地區。
地理
沙斯塔的座標為，而該地最高點為海拔高度257米（即843英尺）。
人口
根據2010年美國人口普查的數據，沙斯塔的面積為28.444平方千米，當中陸地面積為28.433平方千米，而水域面積為0.011平方千米。當地共有人口1771人，而人口密度為每平方千米人。
參考文獻
加利福尼亞州普查規定居民點
沙斯塔縣普查規定居民點 (加利福尼亞州)
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甲状腺危象主要表现？甲状腺危象称甲亢危象，是甲状腺毒症急性加重的一个综合征，发生原因可能与循环中的甲状腺激素水平增高有关。多发生于较重甲亢未予治疗或治疗不充分的病人。常见诱因有感染、手术、精神刺激等，临床表现为高热、大汗、心动过速、烦躁、焦虑不安、谵妄、恶心、呕吐、腹泻，严重病人可有心衰，休克和昏迷等。其诊断主要靠临床表现综合判断。临床高度疑似本症及有危象前兆者应按本症处理，其病死率在20%以上。甲状腺危象是甲亢的主要并发症。甲状腺毒症的症状急性加重，病情危急，病死率很高。常见的症状高热、呕吐、腹泻、大汗淋漓、严重脱水者出现汗闭、面色苍白。心动过速、早搏、心烦房颤、心力衰竭。病人极度烦躁、谵语、甚至昏迷等。弥漫性和结节性甲状腺肿引起的甲亢均可发生危象，多数患者甲状腺肿大明显，不少老年病人仅有心脏异常，尤以心律紊乱或胃肠道症状为突出表现。很多病人可以找出有明显的发病诱因。典型甲状腺危象临床表现为高热、大汗淋漓、心动过速、频繁的呕吐及腹泻、谵妄，甚至昏迷，最后多因休克、呼吸及循环衰蝎以及电解质失衡而死亡。甲状腺危象在未经特殊治疗时的自然过程，文献中有不少记载。有报告甲状腺危象的病死率为20%以上(20%~100%)。治疗成功多在治疗后1~2天内好转，1周内恢复。开始治疗后的最初3天，是抢救的关键时刻，危象恢复后，碘剂及皮质醇可逐渐减药、停用，做长期治疗的安排。甲状腺危象饮食可以食用海带、紫菜，可用碘盐，可以多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果。忌食卷心菜、白菜、油菜、木薯、核桃等。
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第一次打胎对女性的危害？第一次怀孕流产对女性身体尤其的伤害，不论是药物流产还是做人流，都会对身体造成一定的伤害，如果是人流，之后子宫，卵巢等其它生殖器官以及身体都有一个恢复的过程，所以是需要一定时间和进行调养的，因为人流后，子宫，卵巢等生殖器管以及机体都有一个恢复的过程，要恢复到正常状态，需一段时间和进行适当的调养。第一次打胎对女性的危害有无痛人流后宫腔积血，宫腔积血多发生在人流术后几小时内，人流患者腹痛难忍，妇科检查发现子宫增大明显，质软，有触痛。此时需要立即行清宫术，清出宫腔内积血，并给予催产素及抗生素治疗。无痛人流后子宫穿孔，痛人流术后感染，这是人流手术最常见的近期并发症之一。人流术后感染多发生在术后两周内，可以由人流手术操作直接引起。一般导致急性盆腔炎，出现剧烈腹痛，呈持续性，可以阵发性加重，伴发热恶寒，或夹有黄色分泌物。子宫穿孔人流手术中发生的一种很严重的并发症。穿孔时患者多有突然剧烈腹痛，少部分人也可以没有明显感觉。子宫穿孔引起的腹痛为持续性，阴道有少量出血。穿孔较小，又没有损伤膀胱、直肠等内脏器官，没有内出血时可以采用保守治疗。如果宫腔内仍有残留组织，可待病情缓解后再行清宫术。人流注意：术前应进行妊娠反应检查，以确诊是否怀孕及宫内孕，术前应进食软、稀容易消化的食物，晚上12点以后不要再进食。手术前1天应洗澡，保证充足的睡眠，不要紧张或恐惧。去医院之前带上内裤、卫生用品，最好有人陪同。准备做人工流产术前1周内应避免夫妻生活，避免着凉和感冒。
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嗅脑沟（英文：Rhinal sulcus）是大脑颞叶底部的一个凹槽，将海马旁回上的内嗅皮层（钩回）与大脑半球下表面更外侧的结构（人脑中为梭状回）分隔开。嗅脑沟与颞叶底部更后方的侧副裂类似。
参见
大脑皮层
中枢神经系统
布罗德曼分区系统
参考资料
大脑
大脑皮层
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颈部脊髓损伤的诊断是什么？1.X线摄片 可显示颈椎骨折脱位、关节绞锁、异物及骨折片压迫和椎间隙狭窄等情况。有助于判断脊髓损伤的性质和程度。但要特别谨慎勿使颈椎扭动，致脊髓损伤加重。X线片正常亦不能完全排除颈髓损伤。2.CT扫描 对骨结构的显示比MRI更清晰，不仅可发现骨折、脱位，并可显示椎管腔变形和脊髓受压现象。3.MRI 对脊髓和椎间盘的显示优于CT,矢状面能直接观察到脊髓损伤的范围和程度，以及有无椎管内血肿等。特别是慢性脊髓损伤，明显优于CT扫描。4.腰椎穿刺及脑脊液动力学试验 有时腰穿可发现血性脑脊液。5.压颈试验 受伤后截瘫逐渐出现或加重者，如情况允许，应尽早作腰穿和压颈试验，可获取蛛网膜下腔梗阻的依据。6.脊髓腔碘水造影 可了解蛛网膜下腔梗阻或变形情况,如结合CT扫描则更具诊断价值。
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Tuqtu Q'asa (Quechua tuqtu broody hen, q'asa mountain pass, "hen's pass", also spelled Tojto Khasa) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately . It is located in the Chuquisaca Department, Oropeza Province, Poroma Municipality. Tuqtu Q'asa lies southeast of Markawi.
References
Mountains of Chuquisaca Department
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郭健（），内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗人，蒙古族，中华人民共和国政治人物、第十一届全国人民代表大会内蒙古地区代表。
毕业于巴彦淖尔教育学院中文系中文专业。加入中共，担任内蒙古自治区农牧业厅厅长。2008年起担任全国人大代表。
參考文獻
第十一届全国人大代表
阿鲁科尔沁旗人
Jian
中国共产党党员 (1976年入党)
中共十九大代表
蒙古族全国人大代表
興安盟盟長
呼和浩特市人民政府副市长
中共呼和浩特市委副书记
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推髌抗阻痛的治疗和预防方法？髌股关节软骨损伤治疗(一)治疗1.保守疗法 保守疗法为本病的基本和主要治疗方法，常用以下措施。(1)股四头肌练习：是防治髌骨软骨病最常用、最有效的方法。通过加强股四头肌力量，可增加关节的稳定性，改善髌股关节应力分布，并可防止由于膝酸痛及发软而造成的跌扑或意外伤害。常用方法如站桩，一般采用靠墙避开疼痛角度的站桩方式。也可做主动直腿抬高或负重直腿抬高练习。上海华山医院运动医学科结合等速测试结果，选择不引起疼痛的几个关节角度，做多角度等长股四头肌练习，或者做无疼痛范围的短弧等速肌力练习，对恢复股四头肌肌力效果更好。(2)髌股关节粘膏支持带或护具：作为保守治疗的一种重要手段，运动创伤医生经常推荐那些不愿手术的患者采用髌骨粘膏带或髌骨护具，改变髌骨的运动轨迹与接触力学，达到缓解疼痛、治疗疾病的目的。(3)按摩和理疗：蜡疗及超短波有一定效果。(4)中药外敷：红花30g、生川乌30g、归尾30g、甘草30g、自然铜30g、马钱子30g、草乌30g、生姜9g，酒浸泡7天，取汁局部湿敷或用直流电导入，有良好效果。(5)关节腔内注射：选用醋酸曲安奈德或康宁克痛注射液，每周1次，短期效果较好，只能临时适用于需要参加比赛的运动员。近来也有报道关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠(透明质酸钠)，每周1次，5次为一疗程，有一定效果。2.手术疗法 对保守治疗无效，症状严重的髌骨软化症病例，可考虑手术治疗。手术方法据Cotta(1959)描述就已达137种之多，使该病成为矫形外科治疗方法最多的几种疾病之一。(1)局限性软骨切除加钻孔术：为目前仍较常采用的基本术式，可采用关节镜或髌前内侧或前外侧切口，显露后以刨刀削除变性的软骨，暴露软骨下骨板，用1～2mm钻头钻孔数个。本手术的目的是使来自骨内的纤维肉芽组织填补缺损软骨，最后化生成纤维软骨。钻孔也能释放骨内压，使疼痛得到缓解。(2)髌骨重排列手术：包括近端和远端重排列术。近端重排列术如外侧支持带松解术(切断髌股横韧带、髌骨下的斜束及部分股外侧肌肌腱)、股四头肌内侧头外移术(固定于髌骨背侧面的中部)。远端重排列术主要有胫骨结节抬高术，或抬高后加内移。近期一些研究认为胫骨结节抬高以1～1.5cm为最合适。陈世益等研究证实，胫骨结节抬高术缓解髌股疼痛的机制，在于改变了习惯性髌股接触区，避开了对原有溃疡区的刺激与挤压。但解剖上存在的膝关节Q角有一定的范围，做髌骨远端或近端重排列时，应防止改变力线矫枉过正，若术后Q角增大或减少10°以上，又会造成新的髌股不稳定，反而加重髌骨软骨的损害。(3)髌骨截骨术：Arnoldi多年来致力于髌骨骨内压的研究，他主张用髌骨截骨术来解除骨内高压，缓解疼痛，同时又可调整髌股关节面使之接触更协调。(4)人工关节置换术：对严重的髌股关节骨关节炎患者，可考虑采用髌股关节人工表面假体置换术治疗。(5)软骨移植：包括自体软骨细胞移植和自体骨软骨块蜂窝状移植(又称马赛克软骨移植术)。前者取患者自体软骨进行体外软骨细胞培养，用组织工程方法将培养增殖后的软骨细胞植入病灶区，再用骨膜覆盖。目前全世界已有1000余例的成功报道。自体骨软骨块马赛克移植术，用特殊器械凿取膝关节股骨髁非负重区骨软骨组织，是将这些柱状的骨软骨块移植至负重区软骨，呈马赛克样镶嵌移植。据报道优良率可达80%。以上两种方法均可在关节镜下进行。(6)髌骨切除术：仅适用于疼痛严重、影响日常生活的重症患者。单纯髌骨切除后伸膝力量减少30%。切除后将髌腱与股四头肌直接缝合，伸膝力量减少15%。手术中应同时将髌骨周围肌腱止点的病变部分切除或削薄使接近正常厚度，否则伸屈膝时仍将出现疼痛。(二)预后常用非手术疗法，能缓解或减轻症状，一般预后尚好。
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宫外孕hcg表现有哪些？怀孕后胚胎没有在正常的地方着床，可能着床在子宫以外的地方，称为宫外孕，妇产科学称为异位妊娠。异位妊娠可以在输卵管、卵巢、宫颈、腹腔等位置，可能会出现阴道出血。宫外孕患者的HCG水平比正常宫内妊娠的妇女HCG水平要相对的低。如果发现血HCG的水平大于3500U/l，就要高度怀疑可能是宫外孕。如果说HCG小于3500，可以继续观察血人绒毛膜促性腺激素的变化，如果血人绒毛膜促性腺激素持续上升，要复查妇科经阴道彩超明确妊娠的部位，如果说没有上升或上升比较慢，要取病理。宫外孕的治疗有多种选择，这取决于对生育要求、宫外孕的大小、位置和患者的身体状况。如果没有生育要求，最简单的治疗方法就是腹腔镜下输卵管切除术。另外，采用输卵管开窗缝合术对于输卵管未破裂或输卵管破口不大的宫外孕，通过腹腔镜手术，切开输卵管，去除胚胎，然后缝合，这样能够保持输卵管的功能，是现今提倡的最好的宫外孕治疗方法。宫外孕的病人无论是保守治疗还是手术治疗，都要注意以下事项。第一个，临床上一定监测血HCG，根据血HCG的变化来判断宫外孕究竟有没有好转的迹象。如果血HCG没有下降，反倒持续性的上升，很可能是保守治疗失败，需要做手术治疗。另外，对于术后血HCG呈持续上升状态的宫外孕病人，要考虑是陈旧性宫外孕的可能，临床上除了监测血HCG，还要做B超检查，发现异常，及时处理。第二个，对于宫外孕的病人临床上在终止治疗之后，一定要做B超检查主要是了解，如果是保守治疗包块的吸收情况，如果是手术治疗要了解盆腔内是否有积液。
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The Kansas City Southern Depot in Vivian, Louisiana was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
It is a one-story brownish-red brick building with Craftsman influence that was built in 1921.
The building is now home to the Vivian Railroad Station Museum and is operated by the Historical Society of North Caddo. The museum features railroad artifacts, photos, and displays about North Caddo Parish history.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
References
External links
Vivian Railroad Station Museum - official site
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
Vivian
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1921
National Register of Historic Places in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
1921 establishments in Louisiana
Former railway stations in Louisiana
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卡爾平湖（），是德國的湖泊，位於該國東北部，由梅克倫堡-前波美拉尼亞州負責管轄，處於梅克倫堡湖區縣，寬0.45公里，面積0.05平方公里，海拔高度67米。
參考資料
https://www.umweltkarten.mv-regierung.de/script/
Wasser- und Bodenverband "Obere Havel/Obere Tollense"
德國湖泊
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福特汽車公司（，），簡稱福特（Ford），是一家生產汽車的跨國企業，在美國密歇根州迪尔伯恩（現公司總部所在地）由亨利·福特所創立，於1903年公司化。於20世纪如日中天的时候，福特、通用与克莱斯勒被认为是底特律的三大汽车生产商，帶領著美国的汽车市场。
福特汽車在美國汽車市場連續75年保持銷售量第二名，僅次於通用汽車，於2007年才因為油價高漲，大型運動型多用途車、休旅車及卡車銷量減少，被豐田汽車超越成為美國市場銷售量第三名。
亨利·福特參考引進了大量汽車生產及管理大量工廠員工的方法，别具匠心地根據设计，以移动式裝配線为代表的新生产序列。其高效率、高工资和低售价的结合，对当时美国制造业而言是一次翻天覆地的改革和创新，因此此套方法爾後被称为-{福特制}-，而其產業觀念在後來被安東尼奧·葛蘭西稱為福特主義。
商標
福特汽车的标志是采用福特英文Ford字样，蓝底白字。由于创辦人亨利·福特喜欢小动物，所以标志设计者把福特的英文画成一只小白兔样子的图案。
公司历史
1899年亨利·福特離開愛迪生照明公司加入底特律汽車公司，但因此公司1900年即倒閉。1901年亨利·福特與柴爾德·H·威爾斯合資成立亨利·福特公司，但與其他投資者不合沒多久即離開，该公司在入股後改名為凱迪拉克汽車公司。後來亨利·福特製造的賽車在1902年獲勝並創下美國新紀錄，1903年6月16日一位煤炭商和其會計因此與亨利·福特合資成立今日的福特汽車。福特向道奇兄弟購買汽車底盤搭配自己的雙氣缸水平對臥引擎，開始生產福特汽車。福特用来自十二位投资者的28,000美金在一个原先制造马车的工厂里开始了他的事业。当时汽车的生产方式是以两到三个工人为一组，从零件制造到销售订单都是由一组工人负责到底。因此最开始的日子里，福特公司生产效率比较低，每日只能生产几部车。1906年，創辦人之一的馬康森售出股份予福特，退出經營。在1903年到1908年之間，福特汽車公司發行了Models A、B、C、F、K、N、R 及 S 等多款汽車，其年銷量多介於數百台到數千台之間。
1908年，福特汽車公司开始发行福特T型车。最早的一批T型车都是在皮科特制造车间完成装配，后来公司将生产部份移动到空间更大的的车间来满足市场对于T型车源源不断的需求。在1913年公司已经发展出一套较完整的裝配線和大规模生产技术。福特汽車主管将原先的装配線发展成为了由机械传送带来运输零件让工人进行组装。这个创新将原先装配底盘所需的12小时28分的时间减少到1小时33分。值得注意的是，福特汽車只是將裝配線生產模式引進到汽車生產業，而非發明者。实际上裝配線生产法可能最先出现在秦始皇大量製造兵馬俑時期，16世紀初期威尼斯也有廠商使用裝配線快速造船，1801年英国有零件供應商使用裝配線生產英國海軍所需的零件。在美国第一个使用裝配线进行生产作业是Oldsmobile汽車創辦人，他也將裝配線生產的方法登記專利，之後福特汽車另外獨立發展裝配線生產方法。
机械传送带在当时并没有立刻取得成效，而且工人的失误率相当高，然而失误就意味着更多的生产延误以及更多工人培训所需的额外支出，还有就是要使用工作较慢的工人。在1914年1月，FORD通过将工资加倍（从日薪2.38美金加至5美金），缩短工时（每日工作8小时），并设立专门负责雇佣工人的人后，FORD困扰多年的生产效率低的问题就迎刃而解了。员工失误率大幅下降，公司生产力也随之腾飞。随着制造车子的速度越来越快，每辆车的售价也开始快速下跌。福特不断地对他的汽车产品进行降价，由原先825美金一辆车的价钱降至290美金。并首先发明了授权经销商的概念与体系，让那些经销商来为他大量销售这些便宜的汽车。
1916年福特汽車獲利極高，公司手中保留盈餘高達1.12億美元。福特決定花錢在擴大產量上，卻引起持股10%的主要股東道奇兄弟不滿，道奇兄弟認為企業盈餘應先分配給股東，當時持股達80%的亨利·福特反對，道奇兄弟因此告上法院。1919年密西根州最高法院判決道奇兄弟勝訴，判決指出企業設立的目的在為股東謀利，企業董事也不可改變這項基本目的。此判決日後成為企業是否要負社會責任等其他目的之爭論焦點。
截至1913年底，全美国有50%的汽车都是福特公司生产的。然而至1918年底，全美国的汽车有一半都是T型车。当时绝大部分T型车的颜色都是清一色的黑色，基本没有什么其他颜色可供选择。据传亨利·福特有一句名言：“顾客可以选择他想要的任何一种颜色，只要它是黑色。”意思就是顾客只能够购买黑色的T型车。亨利·福特并不是对黑色有什么特殊癖好，其坚持黑色的真正原因在于黑色油漆干燥得快，可以使汽车在落地后第一时间能够被卖出去。这也算是亨利·福特追求生产效率的极端表现之一。
1919年，時任總經理的另一創辦人高任思退出福特汽車。同年，亨利·福特的獨子埃兹尔·福特继承他父亲公司总裁的职位，但是亨利·福特仍然可干涉公司的管理且始终具有其影响力。虽然高效率的生产使公司产品的价格一直较低，但由于公司内部不与时俱进的家长式管理以及对高端消费者市场的忽略，福特公司在美国开始逐渐失去汽车市场份额。通用汽车、克莱斯勒以及其他小型的竞争企业开始为消费者提供与T型车相比拥有更多豪华设备的汽车。比如说通用在当时就有各种价位的车型，将高低端市场一网打尽；另一方面，经济拮据的人也不再会直接从福特公司购买T型车，而是转而购买二十多甚至十多美金就能买到的二手的T型车。与此同时，这些竞争者又通过实行分期付款的形式使消费者能够在每个月只交一笔钱的情况下能买到原先支付不起的昂贵车辆。福特强烈反对这种消费方式，他认为这种消费最终将使国家经济以及消费者陷入窘局。但福特最终还是做了让步，并在风靡一时的T型车生产至第1500万部时宣布停产该车型，转而生产全新的车型福特A型车。
1925年，福特公司收购了林肯汽车公司，从而开始打入高档车市场。1935年，水星汽車在埃兹尔·福特提议下成立，主要生产中价位的汽车。
亨利·福特的孙子在1945年至1960年期间担任福特汽车公司总裁，且在1960年至1980年期间担任公司董事长暨执行長。虽然福特公司于1956年上市成为美国股票上市企业，福特家族仍通过占据大量B级优先股保持其在公司40%左右的控制权益，这在股票公開上市企业中是相当大的比率。
福特汽車工程副總裁麥佛遜先生發明的麥佛遜（香港、台灣譯為麥花臣）支柱底盤懸吊系統是今日汽車界最廣為使用的底盤懸吊系統。
1970年代，福特公司匆忙推出了廉价的Pinto车型以对抗进口汽车（如甲壳虫）。这款车型刚刚开始推出时销量很高，然而消费者很快就发现：这种汽车将油箱设计在汽车的尾部，使得这种汽车在遭受碰撞后很容易发生爆炸。受害的消费者将福特公司告上法庭。在案件审理过程中发现福特公司其实早就发现了这款车型的缺陷，并且每辆车只需附加一个成本11美元的保护装置就可以防止油箱爆炸；但是福特公司经过成本分析后发现乘客因为车祸致死致伤所带来诉讼费用远低于增加保护装置所需付出的费用，因此他们决定不为这款汽车的油箱增加保护装置。这个案例使得福特公司臭名昭著并蒙受巨额罚款；并引发了人们对于生命价值如何“衡量”的思考，在商业道德与正义课程中作为经典案例进行讨论。
1998年，福特汽車創下一年獲利超過220億美元的世界紀錄。此紀錄2004年才因油價大漲而被艾克森美孚石油公司以253億美元淨利所超越。
1999年全球133名汽車業記者評選出福特T型車作為20世紀的世紀代表車(Car of The Century)。
2003年，福特汽车渡过其100年周年纪念，其现任董事长是亨利·福特的曾孙（即比尔·福特）。
2007年，在《J. D. Power》美國新車品質調查中，福特是獲得最多獎項的車廠，有五款車是同級車第一，十四款車在前三名。
2012年4月1日，福特香港代理商由森那美轉往英之傑，並且把亞洲總部由荃灣青山道遷往銅鑼灣威菲路道，再遷往觀塘偉業街223至5號宏利金融中心。
旗下品牌及產品
當下福特汽车公司的主要品牌是福特和林肯（Lincoln）。福特的長期暢銷車款極多，Escort、福特金牛座、福特Focus、福特Mondeo、福特Mustang、福特Kuga、福特Fiesta、福特Explorer、福特F系列卡車等、常被改裝成加長型豪華車的林肯Town Car，美國電影中常出現的警車與計程車Crown Victoria等車。
林肯轎車是被最多美國總統選為總統座車的廠牌。福特F系列卡車在美國一年銷量經常達70-80萬輛，長期以來是美國市場不分轎車卡車的銷售冠軍，累積銷售量超過3300萬輛。在英國汽車市場福特至今仍是連續二十幾年的銷售冠軍廠牌。耗資60億美元開發的福特Mondeo車系更創下汽車業研發經費的新紀錄，Mondeo（水星車廠版本為Mercury Mystique）開起來操控性有如高價位歐洲車，獲得歐美專業評論稱讚。
福特公司的收購策略相當具有侵略性，自1979年开始至今，已先后收購了日本的馬自達（收購33.4%的股票）、英國的阿斯頓·馬丁、積架、路虎以及瑞典的富豪汽車（汽車分支）。2008年3月26日，印度塔塔集團和美國福特汽車公司發表聯合聲明，塔塔將以23億美元的價格收購福特旗下的積架和陆虎兩大汽車品牌。2008年11月18日福特宣布將出售馬自達的20%持股，由原先的33.4%降至13%，2010年11月18日，馬自達對外宣佈，福特汽車對馬自達的持股下降至3.5%。
2010年6月2日福特汽車公司宣布出售旗下高端汽车沃尔沃予中国浙江省的吉利汽车，同时將於2010年第四季停止旗下中階房車品牌水星汽車所有業務，並將其資源全數轉移至高級車品牌林肯，2011年1月4日，福特汽車正式裁撤水星汽車品牌。
21世紀的發展
2000年，在現任董事長比爾·福特也是長期參與環保活動的環保人士，宣布公司將把其旗下所有轻型货车（包括所有休旅車）的平均行駛壽命在2005年底前提高25%。这个消息震惊了汽车业界，但同时也讨好了在美国社会的环保论者。油價上漲時福特F系列卡車依然繼續蟬連全美最暢銷汽車，然而福特決定增加較省油的跨界休旅車，並將歐洲受到專業好評的轎車福特Focus引進美國，福特Focus也成為汽車史上第一輛在美國與歐洲都拿下Car of the year的汽車，2005年福特将Focus车型引进全球成长最快的汽车消费国中国，并在重庆长安汽车生产Focus车型，至今已经累计销售了超过100万台中国版Focus，成为中国大陆至今为止销量最多的紧凑型车。2008年福特Focus 1.6 Tdci未採用高價技術即以每公升柴油跑完22公里，二氧化碳排放量每公里僅119公克的優秀成績被英國最大購車指南"What car"選為年度環保車，2008年英國車展推出的Fiesta ECOnetic，以市區高速平均每公升跑32.4公里(76.3 mpg) 油耗表現與首度將CO2排放量壓低在100g/km的成績，勝過豐田油電混合動力車Prius Hybrid的平均每公升跑30.78公里(72.4mpg)，104g/km。
“前进之路”
“北美的汽车市场正像全球其他的市场一样发生剧变，越来越拥挤和凌乱。为了迎接这个挑战，我们正在加紧强化福特、林肯和水星的品牌，为消费者们提供他们所需要的创新产品，并且在这样一个全球竞争的时代创立一个使我们能够参与竞争和赢得市场的商业结构......为了保护福特公司的遗产和我们的未来，我们将做出痛苦的牺牲。”——比尔·福特
2005年5月，福特汽车公司的债券被美国两大信用评级机构降级，成为所谓的「垃圾債券」。此次债券降级是由于福特公司長期給員工極好的終身退休金與高額度医疗保健给付，日本車廠相形之下並未給員工同樣好的薪資福利。与此同时，油价的上涨使原本高利潤又暢銷的SUV運動休旅車和卡車的销量降低，又要面对来自日本和韩国的竞争，使福特深陷窘境。福特北美现有的年生产能力是450万辆汽车，但是2005年只销售出320万辆左右的汽车，这意味着福特北美地区的装配车间生产力仅仅发挥了79%。福特在2005年的亏损高达16亿美元。
为扭转亏损并在2008年时恢复盈利，2005下半年，董事长比尔·福特要求福特美洲区总裁馬克·菲爾德斯（Mark Fields）制定一套能使公司盈利能力的公司重组计划。菲爾德斯在2005年12月7日在公司董事会上推出了该计划，并将其命名。该计划内容包括：在北美地区进行裁员以及关闭大量工厂，停产一些不赚钱的车型，降低材料成本，专注研发交叉车型、混合动力车、小型车，以及巩固原有的福特-林肯-水星三大生产线。已知即将被关闭的工厂分别位于圣路易斯、亚特兰大，密歇根州Wixom、俄亥俄州Batavia和加拿大温莎。其他工厂的名字目前还没有被透露，它们都将在2012年前停止生产。计划中指出，在北美的高达三万名员工（福特28%的职工人数），无论是装配工人还是管理层白领（尤其是中层管理），在六年内将都将被公司裁减。此次公司的“瘦身”行动与先前通用汽车的裁员相比有过之而无不及，亦可从中看出福特洗心革面的决心。
这是福特4年来在北美地区实施的第二次重组计划。在2002年1月的首次重组计划中，福特关闭了5个工厂并裁减了3.5万名员工。2006年9月5日，福特汽车公司宣布，波音公司前副总裁艾伦·穆拉利已接替比尔·福特出任公司新总裁兼執行長。比尔·福特将继续担任董事长一职。
全球市場
二十世紀初期美国以外销售的福特车型实质上就是本国市场的车型。后来开始专门为欧洲设计制造车型。美國汽車市場90年代休旅車與卡車成為銷售主流，美國以外的市場以轎車為主流，澳大利亚福特公司停产了蒙迪欧，该型车的市场持续下滑，因為买家喜爱大排氣量V型8汽缸引擎的福特猎鹰。Focus此欧洲车型在大西洋两岸都有强劲的销量。
歐洲
起初福特在德國和英國制造不同的車型。直到1960年代末，两地的工厂才开始生产Ford Escort和Ford Capri这两款共同的车型。到了後來的Ford Taunus和Ford Cortina车型的生产，两地已是完全相同了，只是根据各自生产地国家的不同交通法规，分别调整为左座驾驶或右座驾驶设计。根据型号生产的合理化策略，许多在英国生产的车型被转至欧洲大陆的其他国家生产，如比利时、西班牙、以及德国等。1982年，新款的Ford Sierra代替了Taunus与Cortina的生产，但其創新的空气动力学外型设计广为争议，人们给它取了诸如“果冻模子”和“推销员的宇宙飞船”等绰号，但Sierra依然是歐洲暢銷車，福特90年代後期的New Edge創意方形線條造型設計概念也影響其他廠牌許多車款的設計。
逐渐地，福特汽车公司将其欧洲车型推广以“世界车型”销售，如Mondeo、Focus、嘉年华等。在亚洲，福特以馬自達車款掛福特廠牌銷售為主力。福克斯 (Focus) 自其2000年登陆北美市场后，成为同級车的销量冠军，也是車壇唯一在歐洲與美國都被專業媒體選為年度代表車 (Car of the Year) 的車款。
2001年，福特汽车公司停止了它在英国已经进行了超过80余年的小汽车生产。但是目前位于南安普敦的工廠客仍然在继续生产货车，同时在布里傑德和戴根漢姆的工廠仍有繼續生产引擎，在海爾伍德生产传动系统。欧洲福特的开发基本上分别在埃塞克斯的和德国科隆进行。歐洲福特的發展在德國的艾塞克斯和科隆的Dunton之間被寬廣地分離。福特也生產了商業車輛在泰晤士河範圍，雖然這一個品牌的使用大約在1965年被停止。它现在仍然是操作擁有Jaguar，Land Rover和Aston Martin英国汽車廠。福特的 Halewood 集會廠被轉換到Jaguar生產。
在歐洲大陸的其他地方，福特在 Genk（比利時）集合 Mondeo 系列，祭典在瓦倫西亞（西班牙）和科隆（德國），在瓦倫西亞， Saarlouis（德國）和聖匹茲堡（俄國）的瓦倫西亞和焦點的千安培. 在 Kocaeli（土耳其），南安普敦（英國）和經過的經過生產是在 Kocaeli 連接。
亞太
原本以子公司馬自達的合作車款為主，90年代中期後引進更多歐洲福特車款在亞太生產銷售。
日本福特
主條目：
1905年日俄戰爭後，福特汽車開始向日本出口、販售旗下產品。數年後，第一次世界大戰結束，日本為第一次世界大戰五大戰勝國之一，美國福特汽車看重日本為當時亞洲最大經濟體，而於1925年成立「日本福特」，於橫濱市子安設立亞洲首座福特汽車工廠，以國產化福特T型車為首批產品。
1927年，福特T型車停產後，日本福特開始生產國產化T型車。當時日本福特在轎車與貨車的產量為每年一萬輛，同時期，豐田汽車與日產汽車為日本最大的本土汽車製造商，規模超越當時在大阪設廠的五十鈴汽車與美國通用汽車。同時，日本福特亦開始向滿洲國出口在子安工場生產的國產車。
但1936年起，美日關係惡化，日本為保護本土汽車產業而制定「汽車產業法（自動車製造事業法）」，該法規定只有國內持股五成以上汽車業者才能獲准在國內生產汽車，當時日本福特為美國福特汽車全資子公司，日本福特汽車子安工廠礙於法令，於1940年停產。
1941年12月至1945年8月，太平洋戰爭期間，日本政府徵收日本福特於橫濱子安的廠房與設備，戰後，其廠房與設備由駐日盟軍接收、管理，1958年正式將廠房與設備歸還福特汽車。橫濱子安工廠現為馬自達的研發中心。
1979年，福特出資購入馬自達股份，取得馬自達24.5%的持股，馬自達開始與福特共同開發、生產亞洲與大洋洲市場導向的小型車。1990年代，日本泡沫經濟瓦解後，馬自達多品牌策略失敗，使馬自達汽車的營運狀況惡化，1996年，福特汽車將對馬自達的持股提升至33.4%，取得公司最大股東地位，開始主導馬自達汽車的營運工作。但2000年代，美國福特因自身陷入經營危機，開始拋售在馬自達的持股，但雙方策略合作仍在持續。2015年9月，福特汽車售出其在馬自達剩餘的2.1%持股。。
二次戰後，福特汽車在日本的業務以「福特汽車（日本）」與馬自達汽車合作下成立的「オートラマ」 展開，2015年與馬自達脫離關係後，美國福特汽車改由在日全資子公司「Ford Japan Limited」負責福特車系進品與販售工作。
2016年，福特汽車（日本）宣佈結束在日本的營業、退出日本市場，售後服務委外，至此終結福特在日本長達111年的歷史。
臺灣福特
1970年代福特汽車就極力爭取在台灣發展的機會，經過實地評估之後，位於桃園縣中壢市、原本為豐田生產汽車的六和汽車公司成為合作的最佳伙伴。
1972年11月20日，六和汽車與福特集團在美國密西根州福特總部正式簽署合資協定，並於同年12月1日正式成立「福特六和汽車股份有限公司」。
1973年福特六和推出了首部國產轎車「跑天下」（Cortina），次年2月並相繼推出商用車「利大」（Fiera），從此奠定了福特六和在台灣以轎車及商用車並進的發展路線。
1981年，福特與馬自達合作，推出在台第三部國產車，也是第一部前輪驅動車「全壘打」（Laser）
1989年，福特六和的第50萬輛車誕生，年產量更突破了10萬輛，成為台灣汽車製造業的先驅。
1991年展開的第二次擴廠，更進一步地提高了產能。
1990年，台灣製造的「金全壘打」（ALL NEW LASER）車系被評定為福特全球同車系品質之冠；福特六和引擎鑄造廠及裝配廠，也先後在1990及91年獲得了福特總部品質最高榮譽Q1獎。而在產品的豐富與多樣性之上，福特六和更是透過了與日本馬自達及鈴木、韓國起亞汽車合作。
1996年，福特六和汽車領先業界，得到了國內唯一的英、美、德、荷ISO9001國際品質認證，更是全面肯定了福特六和汽車的品質。同年，福特六和正式與全球福特同步納入「福特2000」全球整合計畫。
1998年底則成立設計暨技術中心，進一步針對台灣本地的需求開發產品，使產品的設計更深切地與國內消費者結合。
中国大陸福特
福特在中國大陸與重慶長安汽车股份有限公司合資組建了長安福特汽車有限公司，總部位于重慶，擁有4萬個工人和14條汽車生產線，是中國大陸第四大汽車生產線。后重慶長安汽車股份有限公司又在重慶、南京、新建設了两個生產基地為重慶總部生產Ford Focus和Mondeo車型。福特另与中國大陸江铃汽车公司的合资企业JMC在南昌成立生产基地生产福特全顺汽车。
2006年，福特又將旗下馬自達車型交予長安福特汽車生產，重慶總部改名為長安福特馬自達汽車有限公司，重慶基地主要生產馬自達3，福特蒙迪欧，福特福克斯，S-MAX麦柯斯，及其他高配置版车型，而南京工厂主要生产马自达2，福特嘉年华。南昌工厂生产福特全顺（Transit）商用车。
2008年，福特旗下富豪汽車车型在重庆下线
2010年5月，福特将马自达3车型转移至南京工厂生产，未来长安福特马自达南京工厂将以马自达车型的生产为主。而福特的车型将主要放在重庆。
2012年，因福特汽車出脫馬自達的持股，长安汽车集团、福特汽车公司及马自达汽车株式会社联合声称，三家公司的合资企业长安福特马自达汽车公司将分拆为两家公司，分别为长安汽车集团与福特汽车公司的合资公司，名为长安福特汽车公司；以及长安汽车集团与马自达汽车株式会社的合资公司，名为长安马自达汽车公司。并于同年发布SUV进入中國大陸SUV市场。
南美洲
非洲和中東
在非洲地區，福特汽车是传统上的南非及其周边地区市场最大份额占有者，但在非洲的其它地区仅有它的卡车产品销售。福特在南非的业务最早始于从加拿大进口汽车零件，并在伊丽莎白港进行组装的业务，之后开始从英国和澳大利亚进口整车，并生产一种3.0排量V6引擎的本地化版本Ford Cortina，即XR6，以及一种被出口到英国的皮卡版本Cortina。在1980年代中期。福特公司与其竞争对手著名矿业集团南非盎格鲁美洲人的一下属公司合并成为了南非汽车公司的人（Sanmcor）。
新能源汽車
比尔·福特是第一個着手开发实用燃料电池动力汽车（即Ford Ranger EV）的顶级汽车工业巨头，并与美国邮政管理局签订了基于Ranger EV平台的邮政货运车制造合同。在代替燃料汽车方面，福特公司推出了面向团体客户及计程车客户制造的压缩天然气燃料动力（CNG）汽车维多利亚皇冠。而许多CNG汽车在配备天然气燃料的同时两者兼有一个汽油燃料箱，其引擎可以燃烧两种燃料中任意一种。福特的混合燃料汽车对燃料配合比例有着较宽的适应能力，从普通的纯汽油燃料到以乙醇为主的E85燃料（乙醇占85%，汽油占15%）皆可使用。但代替燃料汽车与混合燃料汽车在推广过程中面临着配套基础设施（如加油站）缺乏的难题，这严重影响了产品对普通客户的购买吸引力。
福特混合动力车:
2004– 福特翼虎
2006– 水星水手
2008– 福特福星/水星米兰
2009– 福特500/水星蒙迪欧
2009– 福特边锋/林肯MKX
福特赛车
在美國收視率僅次於美式足球，最受歡迎的賽車NASCAR房車賽中福特贏過八次年度冠軍，旗下另一品牌Mercury贏過一次年度冠軍。
福特考斯沃斯引擎(Ford-Cosworth)曾在一級方程式賽車(F1)所獲得之年度冠軍次數僅次法拉利(Ferrari)引擎，著名F1賽車手迈克尔·舒马赫生涯第一次奪得F1賽車總冠軍時使用的也是福特引擎的班尼頓賽車。福特在世界越野賽(WRC)也有很好的成績，2006年、2007年皆拿下車廠冠軍。
参考文献
參见
通用汽車
汽车沙皇
佳士拿汽車公司
福特赛车
失效模式与影响分析
外部連結
福特的故事
台灣福特六和汽車
日本福特汽車
香港福特汽車
福特汽车（中国）有限公司
F
家族式企業
1903年成立的公司
美國品牌
密歇根州公司
美国汽车公司
美国汽车产业
財富500強公司
1956年首次公開募股
1903年美國建立
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Stig Axel Fridolf Jägerskiöld (20 April 1911 – 14 September 1997) was a Swedish professor in public law, international law and constitutional law. He was also a historian and a diplomat.
External links
Dödsfall. Stig Jägerskiöld till minne
Swedish scholars and academics
1911 births
1997 deaths
20th-century Swedish lawyers
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崔碣（），字东标，唐朝官员，出自博陵崔氏大房，崔玄暐的五世孙，礼部侍郎、博陵郡公崔璩玄孙，門下侍郎崔渙曾孙，御史大夫、恆山忠公崔縱的孙子，沔州刺史崔元方之子。
崔碣及进士第，升任右拾遗。唐武宗讨泽潞，崔碣建议请纳降刘稹，武宗大怒，贬他为邓城县令。稍转商州刺史。擢升为河南尹、右散骑常侍，再为河南尹。河南有大商人王可久，在江、湖间转卖货物。庞勋之乱，财物全失，不得回家。妻子到卜者杨-{乾}-夫处咨询王可久的生死。杨-{乾}-夫垂涎王妻的美色和财产。占卜时，假装吃惊，你丈夫回不来了。于是暗中以百金答谢媒人，引诱聘娶，王妻于是嫁杨-{乾}-夫，杨-{乾}-夫于是成为富人。徐州平定后，王可久很穷，一路乞讨回乡，见到妻子。杨-{乾}-夫大怒，骂着赶走了他。王妻向官府说明，杨-{乾}-夫厚加贿赂，王可久反得罪。再上诉，又获诬陷罪诬。王可久悲叹，于是失明。崔碣到任，王可久陈说冤屈，崔碣调查清楚，于是命官吏将杨-{乾}-夫和之前的狱史下狱，揭露贿赂之事，一日处决，以妻归还王可久。当时久雨不停，狱决天晴，都市百姓歌舞于道。改任陕虢观察使。乾符四年（877年）三月，陕州军乱，逐观察使崔碣，贬为怀州司马，去世。其子崔善。
参考文献
《新唐书》卷120 列传第45
《新唐书》卷9 本纪第9
《新唐书》卷72 宰相世系表
《新唐书》卷214 列传第139
唐朝進士
右拾遗
唐朝县令
唐朝河南尹
唐朝右散骑常侍
唐朝陕州刺史
陕虢节度使
唐朝司马
J
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克布羅（），是巴拿馬的城鎮，位於該國中西部，由貝拉瓜斯省的馬里亞托區負責管轄，面積349.4平方公里，2010年人口1,129，人口密度每平方公里3.2人。
參考資料
http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/archivos/P3601Cuadro11.xls
巴拿馬城市
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The Swallow was a brigantine built in Lancaster, Lancashire for Satterthwaite & Inman for use in the slave trade.
In 1754 the ship sailed for Gambia whence she embarked 98 enslaved Africans, 21 of whom died in transit before 77 were sold in Barbados.
The ship was advertised for sale on 27 August 1756, in Lancaster, enquiries directed Satterthwaite and Inman. According to Gross Fleury's Journal in an account of ships sailing from Lancaster, the Swallow is listed as belonging to Thompson and Co. with Ord as the master.
References
Ships built in Lancashire
1751 ships
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宏济堂西记，位于山东省济南市槐荫区五里沟街道。是中华人民共和国山东省省级文物保护单位之一。
2013年，列入第四批山东省文物保护单位，该文物保护单位是一座近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑。
参考
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鞘膜积液临床表现？1.少量积液可无症状。若积液巨大，则有阴囊下坠不适，或排尿及性功能障碍。2.阴囊部可见梨形或椭圆形肿块，囊性，透光试验（＋），如合并感染则透光试验（－）。3.如为交通性鞘膜积液，则肿块大小可随体位的改变而改变。
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姜沆（）字太初，號睡隱。朝鮮王朝中期的官員。
1593年文科合格，並於1597年萬曆朝鮮戰爭爆發之際擔任刑曹佐郎的要職，負責向全羅道的明朝將領楊元運送糧食。然而日軍進攻並破壞了朝鮮軍的防線。鳴梁海戰之後，姜沆一族在避難中被騷擾黃海沿岸的日本水軍藤堂高虎部俘虜，送往日本。
在日本期間，姜沆最初被關押在伊予大洲，後來遷往伏見。在此期間他同日本儒學學者藤原惺窩交流中，對其朱子學的體系化大為感慨。在大約三年的俘虜生活見聞中，他將日本的制度和情勢記錄下來，寫成《看羊錄》。該書對日本的國情、國土特徵、各大名的情形有著詳細記載。
1600年4月，姜沆被釋放，經對馬島歸國，再次在朝鮮當官。許多人仰慕姜沆的文才，投奔其門下，姜沆的門人輩出。
朝鮮王朝政治人物
朝鮮儒學學者
Hang
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脐突皮光的原因是什么？脐膨出是由于胚胎发育过程中胚胎体腔关闭过程停顿所引起。胚胎早期原肠由卵黄囊分化而来，原肠的中段与卵黄囊之间由卵黄管相接。由于胚胎发育过程中背轴生长较快，当背轴增长时，开放的脐带腔周围的腹壁向中央形成类似荷包样的褶皱，由外周向中央紧缩。其中可以分为4个区：头襞,体层将形成胸壁、上腹壁和膈肌；尾襞，其体层和尿囊将形成下腹壁和膀胱；两个侧襞形成两侧腹壁。这4个襞向中央汇合，顶尖部形成脐环。在此过程中，卵黄管逐渐变细小，但仍连接在卵黄囊与中肠之间，对中肠起着牵引作用。由于肠道生长速度较腹壁快,在胚胎第6～10周，肠管及其他内脏器官暂时被牵引到脐带中，成为生理性暂时性脐疝。胚胎10周后，腹腔容积迅速扩大,腹壁皮肤与肌肉从背侧向腹侧迅速生长，中肠和腹腔脏器再回纳腹腔。胚胎第12周时，中肠完成正常的旋转，同时腹壁在中央汇合形成脐环。如果腹壁在上述胚胎发育过程中受到某些因素的影响，发育过程中某个环节发生障碍，4个襞中某一体层发育受到限制，内压增高，脐带的牵引及前腹壁近脐带部遗有缺损，且由于4个襞中发育受抑制程度的不同，就会产生相应的内脏膨出畸形，如头襞发育缺陷：脐膨出、膈疝、胸骨缺损及异位心；侧襞的发育缺陷：脐膨出、腹裂；尾襞发育缺陷：脐膨出、膀胱外翻、小肠膀胱裂、肛门直肠闭锁等。
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Landro is a village in Øygarden municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern part of the island of Sotra. It lies about halfway between the villages of Ågotnes and Sollsvika. Landro Church is located in this village, serving the northern part of the island.
References
Villages in Vestland
Øygarden
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颌下腺肿大的原因是什么？一般是腺体内有涎石引起继发的感染.
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范妮·埃尔斯勒（Fanny Elssler，原名弗兰齐斯卡·埃尔斯勒，Franziska Elßler）是的奥地利芭蕾舞者。
生活与事业
她出生在维也纳的玛利亚希尔夫。其父约翰·弗洛里安·埃尔斯勒（Johann Florian Elssler）是的第二代雇员。约翰及其兄弟约瑟夫都被聘为亲王的约瑟夫·海顿的。约翰最终成为海顿的贴身男仆，一直陪伴海顿直至海顿去世。
她从小接受芭蕾舞训练，7岁前就在维也纳的演出。她几乎总是和比她大两岁的姐姐一起跳舞。姐妹俩在范妮9岁时开始，跟随和学习舞蹈。他们还前往意大利那不勒斯，师从加埃塔诺·焦亚（Gaetano Gioja）学习舞蹈。姐妹俩一起在维也纳攒了几年经验之后，于1827年前往那不勒斯。在那里，她与两西西里国王费迪南多一世的儿子萨勒诺王子利奥波多有染，并生下了一子弗朗茨（Franz）。
她们在那不勒斯取得了成功，而范妮的成功更超过了姐姐，并于1830年在柏林订婚。这是范妮个人美貌和舞蹈技巧一系列胜利的开始。她吸引了柏林和维也纳所有人的心，并以非凡的激情感染了弗雷德里希·根茨。其后她访问了伦敦，并在那里接受了乔治·格罗特和夫妇的许多善意，他们几乎收养了那个在母亲抵达英格兰三个月后出生的小姑娘。
1834年9月，埃尔斯勒与皇家音乐学院芭蕾舞团（Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique，今巴黎国家歌剧院芭蕾舞团）一起演出，她满怀期待和疑虑地迈出了这一步，因为玛丽·塔里奥尼在该舞台上拥有霸主地位。然而，埃尔斯勒和塔里奥尼是非常不同的舞者，歌剧院的管理层认为这是一个机会，可以通过雇用埃尔斯勒来引发一些争议。塔里奥尼被称为舞者（），因为她跳跃的轻盈。而埃尔斯勒的舞蹈，以其小快步的精准度著称。埃尔斯勒的舞蹈类型被称为“戏弄舞”（）。然而，其表演的结果是埃尔斯勒的又一次胜利，这也让塔里奥尼黯然失色。塔里奥尼虽然是两人中更出色的艺术家，但暂时无法匹敌新来者的个人魅力。埃尔斯勒在西班牙《》（来自1836年/的芭蕾舞剧《》）中的表演非常引人注目，超出了所有的竞争对手。埃尔斯勒不是西班牙人，但她表演的卡楚查充满了激情和性感的生活。由于她表演的卡楚查，诗人泰奥菲尔·戈蒂耶将她称为“异教徒”舞者，与“基督徒”舞者塔里奥尼并列。埃尔斯勒与卡楚查的成功，促进了一项广泛需求，即编排更多具有特定民族风格的芭蕾舞。这些类型的舞蹈变得非常流行，埃尔斯勒在自己的曲目中也添加了波兰勇士舞和意大利塔朗泰拉。她的形象往往被默认为是穿着粉色缎子和黑色蕾丝的，丰满、性感的西班牙舞者，这与塔里奥尼被描述为穿白的、谦虚的西尔芙形成鲜明的对比。埃尔斯勒不仅拥有技术天赋，其戏剧表演能力也非常出色。她表演的伟大浪漫主义芭蕾舞剧，包括《》、《吉赛尔》和《》，都在更高层次刻画了她们以前的角色。这使埃尔斯勒跻身于浪漫主义芭蕾时期最有才华和最著名的芭蕾演员之列。
1840年，她和姐姐一起乘船前往纽约，参加由组织的巡演，并大获成功。两年之后，她们回到了欧洲。在纽约期间，埃尔斯勒与美国总统马丁·范布伦的儿子共进晚餐且由他陪同。在华盛顿特区时，国会甚至关闭，以免错过埃尔斯勒的演出。莉莲·摩尔（Lillian Moore）认为，埃尔斯勒是“有史以来在美国饰演该舞蹈角色的最杰出仙女”，最后一幕甚至让许多观众流下了眼泪。在新奥尔良的，埃尔斯勒签订了为期两周的合同，她跳舞每晚能获得1,000美元。全国各地的舞迷不仅观看了她的表演，还体验了“埃尔斯勒狂热”（Elsslermania），购买了埃尔斯勒品牌的香槟、面包、雪茄等多种产品。他们热烈地欢迎她，但也有人争论她的才华是否值得如此夸张的名人崇拜。
在接下来的五年里，埃尔斯勒先后在德国、奥地利、法国、英格兰和俄罗斯登台。1845年，有人邀请她与竞争对手玛丽·塔里奥尼、和一起在伦敦表演的《》，但她拒绝了。同年，在积累了一笔财富后，她从舞台退役，定居在汉堡附近。几年后，其姐姐特蕾莎与普鲁士的阿达尔贝特亲王缔结了一场豪门婚姻，并被封为贵族，称为冯·巴尼姆（von Barnim）女男爵。特蕾莎于1873年成为寡妇，并于1878年11月19日去世。范妮·埃尔斯勒于1884年11月27日在维也纳去世。
在1920年的默片《》中，埃尔斯勒由扮演。在1937年的德国电影《》中，由扮演埃尔斯勒。
参见
参考资料
扩展阅读
外部链接
芭蕾舞者
奧地利舞者
女舞者
維也納人
19世纪艺术
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極道車魂系列（）是一款由回聲遊戲（現為育碧回聲）開發的動作冒險遊戲，早期由GT Interactive發行，之後改由雅達利。遊戲結合競速與第三人稱射擊，而第一款於1999年發行。
截至2011年8月，這個系列已經在全國銷售1600萬份。
遊戲系列
參考資料
電子遊戲系列
Steam商店遊戲
育碧游戏
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The Statutum in favorem principum ("Statute in favour of the princes") of 1231, reaffirmed in 1232, counts as one of the most important sources of law of the Holy Roman Empire on German territory.
In May 1231 Frederick II's son Henry, King of Germany, issued the grant under pressure from the German secular princes during his rebellion against his father. The terms were very similar to those conceded to the ecclesiastical princes or bishops in the Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis at the time of the Henry's coronation (in 1220), conferring similar rights. Frederick II confirmed the grant in May 1232.
In this law, the Emperor relinquished a number of important Royal rights ("Regalia") to the secular princes. Among other things, they received the rights to mint coins and levy tolls in the German part of the Holy Roman Empire. In particular, however, Frederick granted them the right of approval over any legislation proposed in future by the Emperor.
The decreeing of this law together with the previous Confoederatio made the power and influence of the territorial princes in relation to the Empire and the towns extraordinarily great. Frederick's aim was to leave his Empire north of the Alps secure under the direct rule of the princes, allowing him to concentrate his efforts on the southern part of the Empire. This rule of the land by the princes was nevertheless secured at the expense of the centralised power of the monarchy. As a result, this law is the basis of federalism in Germany.
External links
Version of 1231: Edition in MGH, Constitutiones II, pp. 418–20
Version of 1232: Edition in MGH, Constitutiones II, pp. 211–13
Sources
Zippelius, Reinhold. Kleine deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte, 7th. ed. Munich: 2006 .
1230s in law
Law of the Holy Roman Empire
1230s in the Holy Roman Empire
1232 in Europe
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
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易激惹的鉴别诊断？容易激动：库兴氏综合征患者的精神症状，常见者包括容易激动、忧郁等，甚至可有精神分裂症的表现。库兴氏综合征是因肾上腺皮质分泌过量的皮质醇引起的症候群，精神症状，常见者包括容易激动、忧郁等，甚至可有精神分裂症的表现。情感暴发：这是一种在心理因素作用下突然发作的暴发性情感障碍。病人可表现喜怒无常、大喊大叫、伤人毁物、捶胸顿足、嚎啕大哭，或兴高采烈、手舞足蹈、狂笑不已，常伴撒娇、做作、幼稚及表演色彩，有时在地上打滚，表现极为粗暴，整个现象天差地别，变化很大，但对周围事物的感知并无障碍，意识清晰。躁狂：狂乱不安，手足躁扰，是神志失常的一种证侯。主要临床症状是心境高涨，思维奔逸和精神运动性兴奋。以心境显著而持久的改变——心境高扬为基本临床表现，伴有相应的思维和行为改变，有反复发作的倾向，间歇期完全缓解。发作症状较轻者可达不到精神病的程度。该病发作表现为躁狂相，其含义和诊断标准为：患者心境高扬，与所处的境遇不相称，可以兴高采烈，易激惹、激越，甚至发生意识障碍。严重者可出现与心境协调或不协调的妄想、幻觉等精神病性症状。这是一种剧烈但持续较短的情感障碍。患者一遇到刺激或不愉快的情况，即使极为轻微，也很容易产生一些剧烈的情感反应。病人极易生气、激动、愤怒、甚至大发雷霆，与人争执不已。常见于瘟病、神经衰弱、躁狂状态、躯体性或脑器质性精神病。
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卡尔斯鲁厄号（）是德意志帝国海军于第一次世界大战期间建造的四艘柯尼斯堡级小巡洋舰的二号舰，得名于1914年11在加勒比海意外自爆的第一代卡尔斯鲁厄号。新舰于1914年在基尔的帝国船厂开始架设龙骨，并于1916年1月下水，至1916年11月交付公海舰队使用。卡尔斯鲁厄号的主舰炮为八门，最高速度为27.5节。
由于是在一战后期入役，卡尔斯鲁厄号在战争期间的运用相对有限。它曾参与1917年8月与英国轻型部队的短暂冲突，但并未积极出战。同年10月，它还加入了被委派至阿尔比恩行动的大型特编部队，但在行动中同样没有执行重大任务。至战争最后的日子里，她本将参加整个公海舰队袭击英国大舰队的行动，但爆发的叛乱迫使该计划被取消。舰只在于战争结束后被扣押在斯卡帕湾，并于1919年6月21日在当地自沉。与沉没在那里的大多数舰只不同，卡尔斯鲁厄号的残骸从未进行打捞。
设计
卡尔斯鲁厄号是为替代老旧的小巡洋舰尼俄伯号而以“尼俄伯代舰（）”为代号进行订购，并于1915年在基尔的帝国船厂开始架设龙骨。它于1916年1月31日在没有举行任何仪式的情况下下水，继而展开舾装工作。至1916年11月15日，舰只正式投入公海舰队使用。
卡尔斯鲁厄号的全长为，有的舷宽和的前吃水。在满载情况下，舰只的排水量可达。与其三艘姊妹舰不同，卡尔斯鲁厄号的推进系统是由两套高压组成，以驱动两副直径为的三叶螺旋桨。舰只设计可输出的额定功率。它由十台燃煤和两台燃油双头式水管锅炉提供动力，这使得舰只的最高速度可达。卡尔斯鲁厄号能够携带煤和额外燃油，允许其以的速度续航。舰只的标准船员编制则为17名军官和458名水兵。
卡尔斯鲁厄号配备有八门单座安装的。其中两门并排布置在前方，四门设于舰舯、每边各两门，以及两门以背负式成对布置在舰艉。它们共提供1040发弹药，其中每炮130发。舰只的防空武器由两门组成，均安装在烟囱后方的中心线上。它还标配搭载有四具鱼雷管和八枚鱼雷，其中两具浸没的船体内、两具被安装在甲板上的旋转发射器内。舰只同样可携带多达200枚水雷。在装甲方面，卡尔斯鲁厄号受到厚的水线装甲带保护；司令塔的侧面有厚，而甲板的厚度也为60毫米。
服役历史
1917年8月16日，卡尔斯鲁厄号参加了在北海进行的扫雷行动。当时扫雷舰正在清理黄色路线，这是U艇在雷区中用来离开和返回港口的一条通道。而卡尔斯鲁厄号与小巡洋舰法兰克福号和三艘鱼雷艇则共同提供护航。在12:55，一艘扫雷舰上的瞭望手发现了一支由三艘轻巡洋舰和十六艘驱逐舰组成的英国分舰队正在逼近。扫雷舰在烟幕的掩护下向南逃逸，之后英国人停止进攻。然而，卡尔斯鲁厄号和其他护航舰只未能赶来支援，行动指挥官随后被解除了指挥权。
1917年9月上旬，继德国攻克俄国港口里加后，德国海军决定肃清仍然控制着里加湾的俄国海军力量。为此目的，海军参谋本部的行动计划是夺取波罗的海岛屿萨雷马岛，以及特别是部署在瑟爾韋半島上的俄国岸基炮台。9月18日，联合陆军的两栖作战行动受命出发，以占领萨雷马岛及穆胡岛；海军的主力是由一个特编部队组成，其中包括旗舰毛奇号，以及公海舰队的和第四战列分舰队。共计约24600名官兵参与此次入侵。卡尔斯鲁厄号随第二侦察集群余部则负责为特编部队提供巡洋舰屏护。行动于10月12日上午开始，当时毛奇号与第三分舰队的舰只在与俄国阵地交战，而第四分舰队则在萨雷马岛的瑟尔韦半岛轰击俄国岸基炮台。在10月18－19日，卡尔斯鲁厄号与第二侦察集群余部本将对在达戈岛附近作业的扫雷舰提供掩护，但由于扫雷舰不足和天气恶劣，行动被迫推迟。至10月20日，里加湾诸岛已受到德国人控制，俄国海军部队均已被歼灭或是被迫撤离。海军参谋本部遂下令海军部队返回北海。
1918年10月，卡尔斯鲁厄号及第二侦察集群余部计划将主导针对英国皇家海军的终极决战。其中卡尔斯鲁厄号、纽伦堡号和格劳登茨号将炮击法兰德斯的目标，而柯尼斯堡号、皮劳号、科隆号和德累斯顿号则要攻击泰晤士河口的商船航运，以引出英国大舰队。时任海军总参谋长的海军大将赖因哈德·舍尔与公海舰队总司令、海军上将弗朗茨·冯·希佩尔计划不惜以舰队一切代价尽可能重创英国海军，以确保德国获得更好的谈判地位。10月29日上午，将于次日从威廉港启航的命令正式下达。然而从当天夜晚开始，图林根号战列舰及其它几艘战列舰的水兵发生。动荡最终迫使舍尔和希佩尔取消了行动。
随着德国于1918年11月投降，公海舰队的大部分舰只于海军少将路德维希·冯·罗伊特的指挥下，被扣押在斯卡帕湾的英国海军基地。卡尔斯鲁厄号也是被扣押的舰只之一。在落实《凡尔赛条约》的谈判过程中，舰队仍然维持拘禁状态。罗伊特推断英国方面将于1919年6月21日，即谈判到期而无法达成协议的情况下会强占德国军舰，却不知截止日期已被延长至6月23日。为了防止这种情况，他决定第一时间凿沉己方舰只。6月21日上午，英国舰队离开斯卡帕湾进行训练演习；罗伊特于11:20向全体德国军舰下达了自沉命令。卡尔斯鲁厄号终于15:50沉没。它从未被打捞拆解。其残骸的打捞权于1962年出售。2017年，奥克尼考古研究中心（）的海洋考古学家对卡尔斯鲁厄号和该地区的其它九艘沉船展开了广泛调查，其中包括另外六艘德国军舰和三艘英国军舰。考古学家用声纳绘制了这些沉船的地图，并利用遙控潛水器对它们进行检查，以确定这些残骸是如何恶化的。
注释
脚注
引用
参考资料
柯尼斯堡级小巡洋舰 (1915年)
基尔建造的船舶
1916年下水
第一次世界大戰德國巡洋艦
1919年航海事故
自沉船
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溪翁庄镇是中国北京市密云区下辖的一个镇，位于区境中部。
行政区划
溪翁庄镇下辖以下居委会及村委会：
。
交通
京通铁路过境。
文博
中国航空工业历史博物馆位于境内。
参考资料
X
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塞利涅（，）是法国德塞夫勒省的一个市镇，属于尼奥尔区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国新阿基坦大区德塞夫勒省，该省份为法国西部内陆省份，北起曼恩-卢瓦尔省，西接旺代省，南至夏朗德省和滨海夏朗德省，东临维埃纳省。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参考文献
S
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疥疮怎么治疗？疥疮是具有极强传播性的一种疾病，能够感染的人群非常多，容易发病的人是学生、工人、医生以及户外工作人员。特别是在农村，医疗卫生条件很差，而且清洁卫生没有做好，疥疮就可能趁势而入。疥疮是由疥虫感染导致，治疗需要全身性的用药，从脖子往下一直到脚趾，每一寸皮肤都需要使用药物。由于药物可能有刺激，使用时先小面积试涂。疥疮除了直接感染之外，还可以通过间接接触发病。比如有人接触了疥疮病人使用过的衣物用品，或者是接触到疥疮病人坐过的板凳，都可能导致传染，甚至使用过疥疮病人用过的钱币都可能导致发病。接触传播疥疮有一定局限性的，比如有人一直和疥疮病人生活在一起，但并没有发病。这其中有两个方面的原因，一个是因为自身免疫力能力的高低，另一个就是有较强的清洁卫生意识。疥疮是由于疥虫寄生在人体皮肤表皮层内而引起的一种传染性皮肤病。主要是通过人与人的直接接触而传染引起，比如握手、共用物品或者同睡一床等途径传染。由于疥虫多寄生在皮肤比较薄嫩的部位，所以手指缝、肘窝、外阴部、腋窝、腹股沟、大腿内侧、臀部、女性乳房处容易受侵犯。表现为针头大小的丘疹、丘疱疹或者小水疱，散在性分布，伴有剧烈的瘙痒。疥疮是由人型疥螨通过直接接触，包括性接触而传染的，也可以通过病人的衣物间接传染。疥螨在人体表皮的角质层，在皮下开一条隧道，与皮肤平行，侵入皮肤以后会出现一些症状，比如丘疹、丘疱疹、痒的非常厉害。疥疮是指疥虫潜隐在皮肤引起的疾患，以患部小如芥蒂、瘙痒无度为特征。疥疮多发生于手指，尤其以指缝为最，刺痒难忍，预防在于隔离病人，勤洗并暴晒污染的衣物、被褥。
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口臭吃什么维生素和锌？口臭是口腔内局部疾患，指从口腔或其他充满空气的空腔中如鼻、鼻窦、咽所散发出的臭气。口臭可分为：1.病理性口臭：口腔中有未治疗的龋齿、残根、残冠、不良修复体、不正常解剖结构、牙龈炎、牙周炎及口腔粘膜病等都可以引起口臭。唾液的质和量也起到重要作用。唾液量的减少、蛋白质等有机成分的增多降低了唾液的冲刷作用和缓冲作用,使细菌大量繁殖,分解唾液、龈沟液及食物残渣中的有机成分,产生大量的挥发性硫化物。口腔邻近组织疾病如化脓性扁桃体炎、慢性上颌窦炎、萎缩性鼻炎等，可产生脓性分泌物而发出臭味；2.生理性口臭：饥饿、食用了某些药物或洋葱、大蒜等刺激性食物、抽烟、睡眠时唾液分泌量减少所致的细菌大量分解食物残渣等都可能引起短暂的口臭。而健康人的口臭可能由于不良的口腔习惯和口腔卫生造成舌背的菌斑增多、增厚所引起。由于舌背的表面积大，有许多乳头、沟裂和凹陷，有利于细菌、口腔粘膜脱落上皮、食物残渣等的滞留，充当“细菌储藏室”，有利于口臭的产生。还有假性口臭，即患者本人自我感觉有口腔异味，但检查结果为阴性。可通过解释说明和心理咨询得到改善者。治疗口臭可以用好的漱口水刺激唾液分泌或使用替代物,由于唾液具有抗菌、杀菌,清洁口腔的作用,治疗中还应考虑增加唾液的量和流速,增强舌的运动,多吃含纤维的食物或嚼口香糖等。缺乏维生素B3会引起舌头肿痛、口臭的症状。应多吃瘦肉、牛肝等食物。缺维生素B6：体质较弱女性出现口臭情况补充维生素B6，可能引发口唇和舌头肿痛、口臭，肌肉痉挛症状。多吃瘦肉、鱼、蛋、肝、血、贝类、核桃和花生等食物。有多吃富含维生素的水果，新鲜的柠檬和橙子。牛肉、羊肉等红肉中有丰富的锌。
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马来亚猪笼草（学名：）是一种马来西亚半岛地区东部山区特有的热带食虫植物，生长于山峰附近海拔800至1000米的遮阴地区，部分个体分布于开阔地。马来亚猪笼草下位笼和上位笼的笼唇都具有明显的红色条纹。马来亚猪笼草2018年被首次观察到，最初被鉴定为血红猪笼草（N. sanguinea），2020年其正式描述发布于《邱园报》（Kew Bulletin）。马来猪笼草的种加词“malayensis”指代其原产地马来西亚。
马来亚猪笼草已被列入国际植物名称索引（PNI），其分类地位在2021年的《捕蝇草》中得到简要审查。其在斯图尔特·麦克弗森《新猪笼草》卷二中作为一批新描述的猪笼草之一得到介绍，同时在《意大利食虫植物协会杂志》第62期中得到突出展示。已完成马来亚猪笼草的rRNA-ITS测序，序列信息储存于美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI），GenBank登录号为MN347033.1。
根据《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》的标准，马来亚猪笼草被评定为极危物种。
植物学史
2018年，马来亚猪笼草最早由马来西亚当地自然摄影师多姆·尼空（Dome Nikong）和莫哈末·阿里亚斯·沙克里（Mohamad Alias Shakri）发现，并通过阿里亚斯发布在社交媒体上。2019年初，这一发现引起了长期收集马来西亚猪笼草信息的阿敏·阿西拉夫·达米兹（Amin Asyraf Tamizi）的注意。由植物分类学家莫哈末·诺法依扎·加扎里博士（Dr. Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli）、分子生物学家阿敏·阿西拉夫·达米兹、植物分类学家爱德华·恩塔莱·贝西（Edward Entalai Besi）和民族植物学家莫哈末·依卡万努丁·末·依沙（Muhamad Ikhawanuddin Mat Esa），及两位摄影师构成的实地调查团队迅速投入对原始分布的调查。马来西亚国立大学植物分类学家名誉教授拿督阿都·拉迪夫·莫哈末博士（Abdul Latiff Mohamad）通过照片和标本进一步评估了该物种。最后由阿敏·阿西拉夫·达米兹、莫哈末·诺法依扎·加扎里和多姆·尼空正式描述，并在线发表于2020年12月20日出版的《邱园报》第75期。
相关物种
由于绿色亚种上位笼的相似特征，马来亚猪笼草一开始被鉴定为血红猪笼草的同源类群。在对上位茎、下位笼、叶表、维管束及DNA序列（rRNA-ITS）详细表征的综合分析后，马来亚猪笼草被确定为一个独立物种。
马来亚猪笼草唇上明显的条纹是所有个体都存在的典型特征。绿色变种（var. viridis）为常见个体，红色变种（var. rubeus）则较少见。虽然形态特征和地理分布存在差异，但610 bp rRNA-ITS序列对比显示，马来亚猪笼草与血红猪笼草、本斯通猪笼草（N. benstonei）、白环猪笼草（N. albomarginata）其他三个马来亚半岛物种之间具有最高相似性（99.84%）。
马来亚猪笼草成熟捕虫笼可高达35厘米，容积约800毫升，属于有记录以来野外记录到的大型猪笼草。相较而言，产自沙巴的猪笼草属中捕虫笼最大的马来王猪笼草（N. rajah），其捕虫笼最高可达41厘米；产自菲律宾南部的宝特瓶猪笼草（N. truncata）捕虫笼可高达40厘米；而产自巴拉望岛的爱登堡猪笼草（N. attenboroughii）捕虫笼可高达30厘米。
生态关系
相对于血红猪笼草的陆生状态，尚未观察到马来亚猪笼草生长于土壤。马来亚猪笼草仅生长于堆积在岩石表面的腐殖质中（兼性石生）或树枝上的苔藓堆中。这种非陆生的特性，可能是过去研究人员和探险者难以发现的主要原因。
参考文献
malayensis
亚洲食虫植物
2020年描述的植物
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The Tenth Man (1985) is a short novel by the British novelist Graham Greene.
Background
In the introduction to the first edition of his novel, Greene states that he had forgotten about this story until receiving a letter about it from a stranger in 1983. Greene had first suggested it as an idea for a film script in 1937, set during the Spanish Civil War, and later developed it while under contract with MGM during the 1940s. Nothing came of it and the rights were offered for sale by MGM in 1983. The buyer (Anthony Blond) allowed Greene to revise and subsequently publish the work. Greene also writes of this novel that "I prefer it in many ways to The Third Man".
Plot summary
The story begins in a prison in occupied France during the Second World War. It is decreed that one in every ten prisoners is to be executed; lots are drawn to decide who will die. One of the men chosen is a rich lawyer. He offers all his money to anyone who will take his place. One man agrees. Upon his release from prison the lawyer must face the consequences of his actions.
The story comprises four parts. In Part I, set in prison, the occupying German guards issue a decimation order to the thirty inmates. One of the three chosen by drawing lots is a rich lawyer named Chavel. Chavel becomes hysterical and desperately offers his entire wealth to any man willing to die in his place. A young man, Michel Mangeot, known as Janvier, who is dying of tuberculosis, accepts his offer and is executed as Chavel in the morning.
In Part II, the war is over and Chavel is alive and free, but virtually destitute. He returns to the house he sold for his life and finds it occupied by Janvier's mother and sister, Thérèse. Assuming the false name Charlot, he becomes their servant.
Part III sees the arrival of an impostor, named Carosse, who claims to be Chavel. Carosse attempts to denounce Charlot, win the favour of Thérèse and stake a claim on the property.
Finally in Part IV, Charlot, having fallen in love with Thérèse, must save her from Carosse, as a means of redemption from his earlier cowardice.
Main characters
Chavel - A Paris lawyer who in exchange for all his assets persuades Janvier to take his place in front of the firing squad and, when released penniless and homeless, goes back to his old house as a servant under the name of Charlot.
Michel Mangeot – AKA Janvier, a fellow prisoner dying from tuberculosis, who achieves his lifelong goal of dying rich by trading his life for Chavel's.
Thérèse - Michel's twin sister, who inherits Chavel's house, and with it a hatred of the man who by his wealth and cowardice caused her brother's death, but starts to fall in love with Charlot.
Carosse - A collaborator and murderer, whose real name is Philippe Breton; on the run, comes to the house and pretends to be Chavel, thinking the latter to be dead; he attempts to displace Charlot in the affections of Thérèse.
Film, television and theatrical adaptations
The book was turned into a 1988 television movie starring Anthony Hopkins as Chavel and Kristin Scott Thomas as Therese in the Hallmark Hall of Fame series. Derek Jacobi played Carosse, The Imposter, for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie. It was also adapted by Kate Brooke for the stage at the New End Theatre in 1994.
Footnotes
1985 British novels
Novels by Graham Greene
British thriller novels
Films based on works by Graham Greene
Novels set in France
British novels adapted into films
The Bodley Head books
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St Michael and All Angels’ Church, Kniveton is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Kniveton, Derbyshire.
History
The church was originally a chapelry to St Oswald's church in Ashbourne and was dedicated to St John the Baptist.
It has Norman origins as evidenced in the plain semi-circular arch of the porch. It is sited on a small hill, built of coursed rubble gritstone with ashlar dressings in the Early English style and dates from the 13th century; it consists of chancel, nave, south porch and a low embattled western tower with a short spire. At some point in its history the dedication changed to St Michael and All Angels.
The church was repewed in 1842.
Bells
The tower has two 17th-century bells, one dated 1665 inscribed “God save the King, 1665” and has the mark of George Oldfield. The second has round the hanuch three Lambaric capital S's alternating with three cross fleurys, and the bellmark generally attributed to Richard Mellour of Nottingham.
Parish status
The church is in a joint parish with
St Philip & St James' Church, Atlow
All Saints' Church, Bradley
St Bartholomew's Church, Hognaston
Christ Church, Hulland Ward
See also
Grade I listed churches in Derbyshire
Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire
Listed buildings in Kniveton
References
External links
Church of England church buildings in Derbyshire
Grade I listed churches in Derbyshire
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Tony Rachaun Bobbitt (born October 22, 1979) is a former American professional basketball player.
Bobbitt played alongside National Basketball Association (NBA) player Vince Carter at Daytona Beach Mainland High School, where he graduated in 1999. Bobbitt played for the College of Southern Idaho (NJCAA) from 2000 to 2002 and then transferred to the University of Cincinnati for his junior and senior years. As a senior with the Bearcats, Bobbitt averaged 13.3 points per games and was named third-team all-conference in Conference USA, becoming just the third reserve in the league's then-nine year history to earn all-conference honors. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Los Angeles Lakers in January 2005, playing 2 games for them during the 2004–05 NBA season.
References
External links
Career at Eurobasket.com
1979 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Cyprus
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
American men's basketball players
Bakersfield Jam players
Basketball players from Florida
Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball players
Colorado 14ers players
Eisbären Bremerhaven players
Huracanes de Tampico players
Idaho Stampede players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Maine Red Claws players
Mainland High School alumni
Shooting guards
Southern Idaho Golden Eagles men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Daytona Beach, Florida
Springfield Armor players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players
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继发性白血病的并发症？1.感染、发热 主要见于肺部感染，败血症、感染中毒性休克。2.出血 皮肤黏膜出血、脑出血。
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膝关节疼痛做什么检查好？大部分膝关节疼痛的人，基本都是骨性关节炎、类风湿关节炎和痛风性关节炎这三种，建议最好到医院检查一下，看是否患有类风湿、高尿酸，查下血常规，另外再拍个X片，看关节是否有病变。如果关节疼痛多年，对生活造成极大影响，建议要做膝关节磁共振检查，这样评估会更全面。膝关节治疗通常包括镇痛治疗和针对病因的治疗，具体取决于病情，如果患者感到疼痛，请根据需要服用抗炎药或镇痛药，如果患者可以耐受，建议不要服用过多的止痛药，消炎止痛药可引起胃炎、胃痛、并会伤害肝脏。在疼痛期间，患者可以冷却受影响的区域并减少下蹲运动和跑跳等活动。对于病因的治疗包括使用护膝、矫形鞋垫和锻炼大腿内侧的肌肉等治疗方法。在急性期，应对膝盖进行冷敷，或者佩戴护膝以稳定膝关节，患者还应尽早佩戴矫形鞋垫，以改善不正确的走路姿势。在急性期之后，重要的是患者锻炼大腿内侧肌肉并进行伸展运动。对于经常出现膝关节疼痛的，日常生活当中应该注意以下几点：及时休息，避免过度劳累，控制体重，注意防止膝关节进一步磨损，避免频繁长期上楼、跑跳、攀爬等膝关节运动，以免扭伤。体育锻炼前热身，轻轻拉伸膝关节，使膝关节充分活跃，然后再参加剧烈运动，按压腿部时，请勿突然抬起腿部，以防止膝盖过度拉伸。注意走路和劳动的姿势，不要因为不良姿势而扭伤膝关节，避免长时间下蹲，下蹲时膝关节的负重增加，长时间坐着时，应经常改变姿势，以防止膝关节疲劳。饮食护理方面，患者应该多吃富含蛋白质、钙、胶原蛋白的食物，如牛奶、乳品、豆制品、鸡蛋等，可以促进软骨和关节润滑液的生长，使骨骼的骨代谢更好，并减少关节疼痛等症状。
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Scars of Mirrodin is a Magic: The Gathering block, consisting of the expansion sets Scars of Mirrodin (October 1, 2010), Mirrodin Besieged (February 4, 2011) and New Phyrexia. This block marked the return to the plane of Mirrodin. This plane was last visited in the Mirrodin block that concluded in 2004. The interim tagline for the set was "The Corrosion Begins October 1, 2010." The plans for this set were first made public by mananation.com when it was discovered that "Scars of Mirrodin", as well as "Mirrodin Pure" and "New Phyrexia" had been registered as trademarks with the US Patent and Trademark Office by Wizards of the Coast. As with the original Mirrodin block, artifacts make up the overarching theme of Scars of Mirrodin; Nearly half of all cards in the set are artifacts. In his May 24 column, Mark Rosewater confirmed that the "Infect" game mechanic in Scars of Mirrodin would bring poison counters back to Magic. All cards (other than basic lands) in the Scars of Mirrodin block carried a watermark, either Mirran or Phyrexian.
Storyline
The origins of New Phyrexia date back to the early design stages of the original Mirrodin set. The idea of Phyrexian oil influencing Mirrodin's evolution was included in the storyline for future use.
New Phyrexia was originally planned to be the first set of the "Lights" block, with the storyline being set after the Phyrexians had already conquered Mirrodin. Eventually, designer Mark Rosewater made the decision to build the block around the war between the Mirrans and the Phyrexians, leading up to New Phyrexia after Scars of Mirrodin and Mirrodin Besieged.
In the original announcement from December 9, 2010 it was left open whether this set would be named New Phyrexia or Mirrodin Pure. On March 29, 2011 Wizards of the Coast announced that New Phyrexia was going to be the name of the set. The tagline for Mirrodin Pure would have been "The Sharpest Steel is Tempered in Fire".
Mechanics
Scars of Mirrodin introduced the Phyrexian mechanics Infect and Proliferate, and the Mirran mechanics Metalcraft and Imprint. A creature with infect deals damage to creatures in the form of -1/-1 counters (much like Wither) and to players in the form of poison counters. A player with 10 or more poison counters loses the game. Proliferate allows players to give additional counters to any number of permanents and/or players they so choose who already have them. Imprint was a returning keyword from the original Mirrodin block, and allowed an artifact to gain additional effects if another card is exiled and imprinted on that artifact. Metalcraft rewards a player for having three or more artifacts in play. As with the original Mirrodin block, artifacts that were Equipment and/or were indestructible were printed.
Besides expanding on mechanics from Scars, Mirrodin Besieged introduced the Mirran mechanic Battle Cry, and the Phyrexian mechanic Living Weapon. Whenever a creature with battle cry attacks, all other attacking creatures that player or team controls get +1/+0 until the end of the turn. Living weapon is found only on Equipment. When a piece of Equipment with "Living weapon" enters the battlefield, it creates a 0/0 Black Germ creature token and the Equipment is immediately attached to that token. It expanded on the poison counters mechanic by making certain things happen if players were poisoned.
The four mechanics from Scars and living weapon returned for New Phyrexia. New Phyrexia introduced also Phyrexian Mana Symbols. Mana costs containing Phyrexian mana symbols can be paid with either the given color or two life per Phyrexian Mana symbol. In New Phyrexia, all permanent cards with Phyrexian Mana in their costs are colored artifacts.
Notable cards
Notable cards from Scars of Mirrodin include and
Notable cards from Mirrodin Besieged include , and .
Notable cards from New Phyrexia include , , , , , and , which completed the Swords cycle begun in the Mirrodin block.
Notes and references
External links
Visual spoiler
Magic: The Gathering blocks
Card games introduced in 2010
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《TA們說》（），為出類映像所製作的同志談話節目，也是台灣第一個同志類型的節目。由曲家瑞、威廉一同主持，而薛仕凌、戴祖雄則輪流主持，同時也有彩虹聯萌一起談話。因話題敏感，目前無電視台同意播出，而轉至YouTube播出的網路節目。由Boyfriend交友軟體冠名贊助播出。
節目內容
將由主持人與彩虹聯萌探索LGBT的世界，聽聽他們怎麼說。每集皆會有相關人物引言後進行節目內容。
節目列表
來源
外部連結
台灣電視節目
臺灣談話節目
臺灣網路節目
台灣LGBT相關電視節目
YouTube影片
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卡里索（）是位於美國亞利桑那州希拉縣的一個人口普查指定地區。根據2010年美國人口普查，該地人口為127人，而該地的面積約為24.44平方千米。
地理
卡里索的座標為，而該地最高點為海拔高度1499米（即4918英尺）。
參考文獻
亞利桑那州普查規定居民點
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台灣公車捷運列表，列舉台灣已營運、興建中或規劃中的公車捷運系統，不包括城市軌道交通系統，其中規劃中路線僅列出已由各級政府機關提報可行性分析案，或由民間規劃提案並已呈報交通主管機關審查者。
嘉義縣、市嘉義客運嘉義公捷
營運中
嘉義公車捷運主線
嘉義縣治銜接線
嘉義市區銜接線
高雄市政府高捷
規劃中
東港線
大寮線
右昌線
綠線
佛光山線
臺灣捷運公車列表
用戶要求編輯章節，請有意願的人編輯此章節
臺灣路面電車列表
用戶要求編輯章節，請有意願的人編輯此章節
相關條目
台鐵捷運化
台灣捷運路線列表
公車捷運
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刘嘉，汉朝宗室，西汉第十一代梁王。其先祖梁孝王刘武是汉文帝刘恒之子，参与平定七国之乱。前40年，其父刘遂死后，刘嘉袭位梁王，在位十五年。前25年，刘嘉去世，谥号荒，他的儿子刘立嗣位。
兒子
梁王刘立
曲鄉頃侯劉鳳（－3年）
墓葬
汉梁王墓群中国西汉梁国王室陵墓，位于河南省永城市芒山镇芒碭山系。共安葬梁孝王刘武、梁共王刘买、梁平王刘襄、梁顷王刘毋伤、梁敬王刘定国、梁夷王刘遂、梁荒王刘嘉等梁王。
参考文献
《汉书》
西汉诸侯王
J
J
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天主教克朗弗特教區（；）是羅馬天主教在愛爾蘭的一個教區，屬蒂厄姆總教區。
範圍包括戈爾韋郡、奧法利郡和羅斯康芒郡的一部份。2007年，在當地35,700人口中，有教友35,200人，佔轄區總人口98.6%、24個堂區、70名司鐸、27名修士、104名修女。
現任主教為，榮休主教為。
557年由布倫丹開教。1110年成立教區。1897年位於洛赫雷的主教座堂奠基，1902年啟用。
參考文獻
C
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一夜之间如何快速祛痘？很多人在青春期都会长出很多难看的痘痘，所以的人也都想消除它，这也要结合自身的皮肤，通常油性的皮肤长的痘痘就会多一些，并且一下痘痘在青春期之后，就会消失，一些去不掉的痘痘，就要进行治疗。很多人想要在一夜之间消除自己脸上的痘痘，是真的不太可能，并且也没有这种方法，就算再好的产品也不可能起到这样的效果，选择错方法反而害了自己，祛痘需要徐徐渐进，这样才能确保在不伤害皮肤的情况下祛痘成功。想要祛痘就要选择正确的面部清洁，通常容易长痘痘的肌肤都属于油脂分泌过旺的一种类型，此时需要用干净而柔软的干毛巾和一块中性的香皂。把香皂放入温水里面，然后放在手心里面不断的揉搓成丰富的泡沫，直接轻轻的揉搓自己的脸部，一般半分之后左右就可以清洗了，然后用干毛巾轻轻的把水吸干净就可以了。保证充足的睡眠，很多人喜欢熬夜，往往会加重痘痘的情况，在于不充足的睡眠会影响肝功能，自然也就会影响体内毒素的排出。学会减压，现代的每个人都承受了很大的压力，长期处于高压力的情况下，就很容易造成内分泌系统的工作不正常的进行，也就刺激了痘痘的形成。调整饮食，出现痘痘的朋友，需要放弃自己的喜欢的油炸食物等油腻食物，还要不吃辛辣食物，减少对肌肤的刺激性。不要挤压痘痘，很多朋友看到脸上的痘痘就会用手去挤压，很容易使脂栓进入肌肤的深处，引发更严重的肌肤问题。就医治疗，过于严重的痘痘，往往更需要得到正规的治疗。祛痘没有捷径，要长期坚持洗脸，少吃辛辣刺激性的食物，保护好脸部的卫生。
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茴芹（學名：，，），又稱作西洋茴香、洋茴香、大茴香、歐洲大茴香，是原產於埃及和地中海東部的一种伞形科植物，有着带甜味的果实和類似甘草和茴香的香味，故常用于用于提炼精油、制造糖果和酿酒，也有一定的药用價值，自古便受到珍視。
形態
茴芹是一種一年生草本植物，一般大約可生長至90公分高。其底部所長的葉子為細長的單葉，長約1.3到5.1公分，而其上部的葉子是羽状复叶。花為白色，直徑大约3公釐，形成伞状花序。果实为3到5公釐長的椭圆形分裂果，俗称为“茴芹籽”Aniseed, 乾燥的種子呈現灰褐色。茴芹最好栽种在光線充足，土壤肥沃，排水良好的土壤中。在春天大地回暖时候就尽早播下种子，茴芹的根属于直根，很难在开始生长后移植。所以一般保持其生长的地方或者趁还未长出根之前就移植。
風味
茴芹的茴香腦含量極高，這種酚類化合物不但具有特別的氣味，還有着甜味果實的香氣，類似甘草和茴香，主要用於提煉精油、製作甜點（例如茴香糖果 ）和酒精飲料（保樂茴香酒Pernod、帕斯提斯酒Pastis 、烏佐酒Ouzo）。
產地
茴芹首先被發現在埃及和中東地區，但其因為藥用價值極高而被帶到歐洲。
茴芹的精油以前是大量生产的产品，但1999年的统计表明，世界生产的茴芹精油仅为8吨， 而八角的精油产量则已经达到了400吨。
用途
食品
茴芹的果实带有甜味和特殊的類似甘草的芳香味道，这使得世界各地都把它用在制造各种各样的糕点，其中包括英国的茴香球，澳大利亚的Humbugs，紐西蘭的茴香車輪糖，，意大利法蘭酥，德國Pfeffernüsse和Springerle，奧地利Anisbögen，荷蘭muisjes，新墨西哥bizcochitos和秘魯picarones。它是在墨西哥atol和champurrado這類飲品的成分之一。
在印度的食物中，不區分茴香与茴芹。因此，两种香草都被称为saunf。但有一些人将此称之为 patli saunf 或 Vilayati saunf 區分茴芹和茴香。
製酒
茴芹也可以加入酒中，以提供特殊的香味。其中最著名的是法国使用茴芹、茴香和中亚苦蒿來製成苦艾酒 。1915年中亞苦蒿被禁止用於釀酒後，法国發展出了茴香酒。東歐的许多国家也普遍使用茴芹来增加酒的香味，比如保加利亚的乳香酒，希腊的民间最常喝的乌佐酒 Ouzo，意大利的萨姆布卡Sambuca和哥伦比亚的Aguardiente。
药用
茴芹和茴香类似，都含有茴香醚这种化学物质。这是一种植物雌激素。
茴芹也被製成温和的防蟲劑。
在芳香疗法中，茴芹精油被廣泛用治療咳嗽，支氣管炎，感冒，胃腸脹氣，感冒，風濕和肌肉疼痛。
在19世紀60年代，美國內戰護士莫琳·赫爾斯特羅姆用茴芹種子製成最初的防腐劑。這種方法後來被發現會造成血液毒性，不就之後就廢止使用。
容易被混淆的香料
茴芹（）在英文的使用容易與八角（），或日本莽草（Illicium anisatu）給混淆，這也是為什麼八角也常被稱之為大茴香的原因。
茴芹種子（）則與茴香籽（）與孜然籽（）外觀相似。
参考文献
外部链接
茴芹医疗用途，活性成分，和其他详细信息
茴芹的详细资料
茴芹属
药用植物
香料
可食用伞形科
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怀孕胃溃疡犯了怎么办？孕期最好不要吃药，饮食调理，胃病饮食应注意以下11个原则：1。少吃油炸食品：由于这种食物不易消化，会增加消化道负担，多吃会引起消化不良，还会增加血脂，不利于健康。2。少吃泡菜：这些食物含有更多的盐和一些致癌物质，不应该多吃。三。少吃生冷刺激性食物：生冷食物和强刺激性食物对消化道粘膜有强烈的刺激作用，容易引起腹泻或消化道炎症。4。规律饮食：研究表明，规律饮食和规律定量可以形成条件反射，有助于消化腺的分泌和消化。5。定时定量：每餐食物摄入量适中，每天3餐。当规定的时间到来时，无论是否饥饿，你都应该主动进食，避免过度饥饿或饱腹。6。适宜温度：饮食温度应“不热也不冷”。7。慢嚼慢咽：减轻胃肠负担。你咀嚼食物的次数越多，分泌的唾液就越多。对胃粘膜有保护作用。8。喝水的时间：喝水的最佳时间是早上空腹起床，每餐前1小时。饭后立即喝水会稀释胃液，汤中浸泡米饭也会影响食物的消化。9。注意防寒：当胃变冷后，会破坏胃的功能，所以要注意保持胃暖和，不要着凉。10。避免刺激：不要吸烟，因为吸烟会导致胃血管收缩，影响胃壁细胞的血液供应，降低胃粘膜抵抗力，诱发胃病。少喝酒，少吃辣的食物，如辣椒和胡椒。11。维生素C补充剂：维生素C对胃有保护作用。胃液中维生素C含量正常，能有效发挥胃功能，保护胃，增强胃的抗病能力。因此，多吃富含维生素C的蔬菜和水果。刚怀孕后有妊娠反应是正常现象，建议你少吃多餐，易清淡食物，易消化食物，多喝白开水，少吃甜食怕引起胃酸分泌过多，禁辛辣食物，避免受凉，饭后适当活动，不要久坐。
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The following are lists of American theatrical animated feature films by decade:
Lists
List of American theatrical animated feature films (1937–1999)
List of American theatrical animated feature films (2000–2019)
List of American theatrical animated feature films (2020–present)
Feature
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李广（），陇西成纪人，西汉时武将。一生与匈奴交战四十余年，大小七十余战，匈奴人畏其英勇，稱之為「飛將軍」。
生平
李廣的先祖是秦朝将領李信，将门世家出身。漢文帝十四年（前165年）從軍。
据《史记·李将军列传》记载，李广身高过人，猿臂善射，爱惜士卒，深得士兵的爱戴。李广为人廉洁，《史记》记载“得赏赐辄分其麾下，饮食与士共之。终广之身，为二千石；四十餘年，家无餘财”。李广在关外狩猎时射虎形之石，使得李广成了后世神射手的代名词之一，但李广一生都没有被封过侯。汉文帝曾向李广說：「如果你在汉高祖爭天下的时代，封為万户侯又算甚麼呢！」
有一次，李廣被敵人捉住，但他卻殺人奪馬，帶傷逃跑。也有一次，李廣和他的手下在和匈奴對戰的時候，被大軍包圍，手下皆亂，只有他用弓箭不停射殺匈奴人，令到對方不敢前進，最後支撐到援軍到來，把匈奴人殺退。
景帝时期
汉景帝七国之乱时，李广随周亚夫平乱建有军功，但因私自接受梁王所給的將軍印和賞賜，朝廷因而撤銷對李廣的封賞，同時不予承認此將軍頭銜。後來，被朝廷指派为上谷太守，与匈奴作战，随后出任上郡太守。
武帝时期
汉武帝时期，武帝因赏识李广名气，讓他擔任未央宫卫尉。前133年，汉武帝听从王恢之言，在马邑伏重兵意图围歼匈奴，但因单于生疑退兵而作罢。李广马邑之战时是骁骑将军，属护军将军，因此无功而返。
前129年，汉武帝遣李广、公孙敖、公孙贺和卫青四人率四万大军分别从雁门、云中、代郡、上谷四个方面同时出击入侵的匈奴军。卫青长途奔袭匈奴圣地龙城，杀敌七百；世家出身的公孙贺入敌境后没有撞见敌人，无功而返；禁卫军出身的公孙敖遭遇敌军，不敌，折损七千人后撤回；李广战败全军覆没而且被俘，后来夺弓掠马逃出。李广、公孙敖因为战败被廷尉提审，按军法当斩，付赎金后，废为庶人。
几年后，匈奴入侵辽西，杀死太守，并打败镇守渔阳的韩安国。汉武帝重新起用李广镇守右北平，匈奴人敬畏李广的威名，几年内没有骚扰辽西地区。
随卫伐匈
后来李广被调入京当郎中令，前123年，被重新封为将军，随卫青由定襄出击匈奴，但没能建功。前120年，李广率四千人出右北平配合张骞的部队作战，遭遇匈奴左贤王精锐四万人包围，僵持一天一夜，弹尽粮绝损失惨重，后来张骞带领一万骑兵赶到，逼走匈奴解围。此战李广因损兵折将没有得到封赏，而张骞因为延误军机，按律当斩，后废为庶人。
前119年，汉武帝发动漠北之戰，由卫青、霍去病各率五万骑兵由定襄、代郡出击跨大漠远征匈奴本部，李广被分配跟随卫青出征。汉武帝经不起李广请求，同意他打先锋，但随后密信卫青，说李广犯楣运，不能给与先锋官的重任。卫青因此安排李廣与赵食其領兵支援東路，令李广颇为不满。由於路途過遠的關係，李廣在沙漠中迷路，延誤了戰鬥時機，导致单于突围逃走。漠北大战结束后李廣部才和主力部队会合，李廣因此犯延误战机罪受到卫青责问，不愿受军法审判，愤而自杀，享壽六十余岁。
家庭
李廣死時，他長子李當戶、次子李椒都已經過世，僅留下幼子李敢。李敢當時是霍去病的部下，因立有战功被封为关内侯，聽說父親死訊，認為是衛青陷害李廣，因此闹事打伤衛青。衛青本人並不追問李敢，但衛青的外甥霍去病卻不能接受部屬毆打自己舅舅，後來借甘泉宫狩猎的机会射殺了李敢。
李广的孙子李陵，少年因爷爷的名气受到汉武帝赏识。后来不愿随李广利部下效命，自荐以五千步兵出击匈奴，但是身陷重围兵败投降。汉武帝得知李陵叛降后族灭李家，李氏从此衰败，陇西人士皆以李氏为耻。
历史评价
司马迁在《史记》中对李广评价很高，“传曰‘其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从’。其李将军之谓也？余睹李将军悛悛如鄙人，口不能道辞。及死之日，天下知与不知，皆为尽哀。彼其忠实心诚信于士大夫也？谚曰“桃李不言，下自成蹊”。此言虽小，可以谕大也。”（《史记·李将军列传第四十九》）“勇于当敌，仁爱士卒，号令不烦，师徒乡之。”（《太史公自序》）；曾用“桃李不言，下自成蹊”两句话来赞美李广。蹊，小路。意指，桃樹、李樹並不會說話，但提供美味可口的果實給人，其樹下自然形成一條小路，喻意真誠待人，自能感召人心。日本東京成蹊大學即以此為名。
汉文帝：“惜乎，子不遇时！如令子当高帝时，万户侯岂足道哉！”（《史记·李将军列传第四十九》）
公孙昆邪：“李广才气，天下无双，自负其能，数与虏敌战，恐亡之。”（《史记·李将军列传第四十九》）
程不识：“李广军极简易，然虏卒犯之，无以禁也；而其士卒亦佚乐，咸乐为之死。”（《史记·李将军列传第四十九》）
班固：“李将军恂恂如鄙人，口不能出辞，及死之日，天下知与不知皆为流涕，彼其中心诚信于士大夫也。谚曰：“桃李不言，下自成蹊。”此言虽小，可以喻大。然三代之将，道家所忌，自广至陵，遂亡其宗，哀哉！”（《汉书·李广苏建传第二十四》）
司马贞：“猿臂善射，实负其能。解鞍却敌，圆阵摧锋。边郡屡守，大军再从。失道见斥，数奇不封。惜哉名将，天下无双！”（《史记·李将军列传第四十九》）
唐朝诗人对李广多有赞颂。《滕王阁序》中说“冯唐易老，李广难封”，也是为飞将军不能封侯而感慨。
黄震：“李广每战辄北，因踬终身。”
司马光：“效不识，虽无功，犹不败；效李广，鲜不覆亡。”
苏泂：“十载尊前，放歌起舞，人间酒户诗流。尽期君凌厉，羽翮高秋。世事几如人意，儒冠还负身谋。叹天生李广，才气无双，不得封侯。榆关万里，一去飘然，片云甚处神州。应怅望、家人父子，重见无由。陇水寂寥传恨，淮山宛转供愁。这回休也，燕鸿南北，长隔英游。”
叶适：“李广自用兵，人所不及，世或以常律论之，固非矣。”
陈元靓：“雄气旡敌，亦远斥候。能缚射雕，甞格猛兽。有勇有方，少年讷口。千载庙食，斯为不朽。”（《事林广记后集》）
解缙：“暴寇之来，必虑其强。善守勿应，若李广、田豫类此。”（《永乐大典》）
李东阳：“匈奴七十战，战战不得当。一当遂失道，愤激摧肝肠。君恩念数奇，将令抑不扬。白头耻下狱，饮泣横干将。“（《李东阳诗》）
王夫之：“获誉于士大夫之口，感动于流俗之心。”
黄道周：“李广为将，才气无双。世世受射，射无不当。三人与战，中责受伤：杀其二人，擒一以偿。孤军击敌，解鞍其傍。敌疑为诱，转奔而亡。不击刁斗，部伍偏强。凡战可侯，侯则未尝。细推其故，祸在杀降。速道自刭，天意难量。”（《广名将传》）
争议
異於一般「李廣是忠勇之士」的看法，有些人认为李广为人阴险、残暴，此般见解一般根据两件事情而来。
第一件，李广曾诱降陇西羌族叛军，然后把降卒800余人全部杀死。李广不能封侯也被当时著名的相士王朔认为是上天对他杀降的惩罚。
第二件，李广曾经公报私仇，杀掉了一个与他有过节的军官。李广战败丢官后，有次打猎经过南山，耽误了返回的时辰。按照规定，入夜后要封关不许通行，於是霸陵尉禁止他通过。李广要求通過，並稱自己是飛将军。霸陵尉表示：「现任的将军都不能通过，何況是以前的？」李广因此记恨在心，后来任右北平太守时，以人事调度的名义将霸陵尉招至自己辖内借机杀死。
此外，历史上对李广的欣赏多出自文人，兵家少有对李广的赞誉之词。李广一生对匈奴大小交战七十余次，“皆以力战为名”，能够拿上台面的胜仗却屈指可数，史书记载的更多是个人英雄主义的行为（如夺马出逃、神弓怯敌、力射石虎等等），而损兵折将、兵败不敌的次数却也不少。李广自己也认“不为後人，然无尺寸之功以得封邑者”（从不落在别人后面，却没有半点够封侯资格的军功）。宋人黄震《史记评林》说：“李广每战辄北，因踬终身。”司马光也认为：“效不识，虽无功，犹不败；效李广，鲜不覆亡。”此外李广心高气傲，常常意气行事，甚至有为了追杀三个匈奴兵，率百人追赶，结果被数千敌军包围的事例。在上谷作太守时，典属国公孙昆邪就曾经上书汉景帝说李广虽然“才气天下无双”，但是“自负其能”，担心他冒然与匈奴交战会吃大亏（李广因此被改调到上郡做太守）。
自古兵家向来崇尚治军严谨，而李广治军宽松，部队纪律性很差，甚至行军不列队（“廣行無部曲行陳”）、驻扎时只会就近找水边草地部营（“就善水草屯，舍止”），风气散漫且平时不练兵（“人人自便，不擊刀鬬以自衞”），管理军队的表册文书一律简化（“莫府省約文書籍事”），只依靠在远处派遣侦察兵才没遭过偷袭（“然亦遠斥候，未嘗遇害”），但因为带兵宽和愿同甘共苦而很受士兵欢迎（“將兵，乏絶處見水，士卒不盡飲，不近水；不盡餐，不嚐食；寬緩不苛，士以此愛樂爲用”）。虽然他得到了士兵的支持和爱戴，却犯了兵家大忌。在当时与李广齐名的另一名将程不识因为治军严格，列阵、部营、操练、文职都很严谨，军队丝毫不得松懈（“正部曲行伍營陳，擊刀鬬，士吏治軍簿至明，軍不得休息”），士兵们不喜欢到其帐下服役吃苦而更乐意去效命于李廣（“士卒亦多樂從李廣而苦程不識”）。而程不识本人对“李广军极简易”的评价则是：虽然“其士卒亦佚乐，咸乐为之死”（士兵们高兴，也乐意为他卖命），但是“然虏卒犯之，无以禁也”（一旦匈奴人来攻打，就顶不住了），“我军虽烦扰，然虏亦不得犯我”（我军虽然辛苦，但匈奴人也占不到我们便宜）。对此宋人何去非认为：“自汉师之加匈奴，广未尝不任其事，而广每至败衄废罪，无尺寸之功以取封爵，卒以失律自裁（者），由其治军不用纪律。……广之治军，欲其人人自安利也，至于部曲顿舍，警严管摄，一切驰略，以便其私而专为恩，所谓军之纪律者，未尝用也。”司马光也认为：“效不识，虽无功，犹不败；效李广，鲜不覆亡。（效仿程不识，就算不立功，也不会打败仗；效仿李广，很难不全军覆没。）”
明代黄淳耀评论：“李广非大将才也，行无部伍，人人自便，此以逐利乘便可也，遇大敌则覆矣。太史公叙广得意处，在为上郡以百骑御匈奴数千骑，射杀其将，解鞍纵卧，此固裨将之器也。若夫堂堂固阵，正正之旗，进如风雨，退如山岳，广岂足以乎此哉？淮南王谋反，只惮卫青与汲黯，而不闻及广。太史公以孤愤之故，叙广不啻出口，而传卫青若不值一钱，然随文读之，广与青之优劣终不掩。”评价李广虽为名将，却非良将。陈仁锡则说：“子长（司马迁）作传，必有一主宰。如《李广传》以‘不遇时’三字为主，《卫青传》以‘天幸’二字为主。”认为司马迁仅从李广豪情飞扬的个人魅力方面着眼，过度抬高了李广，并且淡化了出身低贱、谦逊低调但真正有功于社稷的卫青。明代大儒王夫之则更是评论李广“获誉于士大夫之口，感动于流俗之心”。李广终生不能封侯，以至于被后人评为“数奇”（运气不好），其实和他治军不严、缺乏管理才能和战略眼光导致军功不够是脱不了联系的。
家族
陇西李氏、唐朝皇室以及诗仙李白均自稱是李廣之後，但陇西李氏李晖仪的墓志自称李广堂弟李蔡后裔，罗新据此认为陇西李氏在北魏后期还没有将编造祖先谱系的工作完成。
堂弟李蔡，汉文帝的侍从，武骑常侍。汉景帝时军功赐二千石禄。后任汉武帝的第七个丞相执政四年。
子辈
长子李當戶，比李广早死，李陵为其遗腹子
次子李椒，代郡太守，比李广早死
三子李敢，关内侯，郎中令
孙辈
李陵
李禹，李敢之子
李氏，李敢之女，太子刘据所宠幸的妾室。
艺术形象
影视
2001年《大汉天子》：迟国栋饰演李广
2004年《汉武大帝》：陆树铭饰演李广
参考资料
延伸閱讀
Guang
平涼人
西漢軍事人物
西汉太守
西漢自殺人物
中国自杀军事人物
建中古代名將六十四人
西汉卫尉
衛青、霍去病的成功和李廣的失敗
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布萊恩·梅德溫·崔區-史密斯（，），港譯鄭嘉時，英格蘭裔澳大利亞男導演、製片人及編劇。他在1970年代至80年代間拍攝了多部澳大利亞恐怖片與動作片，且許多作品都是在電視上推出或以DVD首映的方式發行。著名作品如電影《直搗黃龍》（1975年）、《》（1980年）、《》（1982年）、《》（1986年）及《》（1995年）。
崔區-史密斯的幾部電影成為了受到粉絲追捧的邪典電影，也被導演昆汀·塔倫提諾列入最喜歡導演的行列。
在他成長過程中，亞佛烈德·希區考克、亨利·哈撒韋、安東尼·曼、、羅伯·阿德力區、、及約翰·福特都是深深影響自己的電影導演。
作品列表
電影
《直搗黃龍》（1975）
《》（1976）
《》（1979）
《》（1980）
《》（1982）
《飛車小子劫搶匪》（1983）
《》（1985）
《》（1986）
《》（1986）
《》（1988）
《》（1989）
《》（1989）
《》（1989）
《猛鬼舔人2》（1994）
《》（1995）
《》（1997）
《》（2001）
《》（2002）
《》（2006）
《》（2009）
《》（2010）
《》（2013）
《》（2014）
電視電影
《》（1993）
《》（1995）
《》（1996）
《》（1997）
《》（1998）
《》（1998）
《》（1999）
《》（2000）
《》（2002）
《》（2003）
《》（2003）
《》（2005）
《》（2006）
《》（2007）
《》（2011）
紀錄片
《Marty Feldman in Australia》（1972）
《The Big Screen Scene》（1972）
《For Valor》（1972）
《》（1973）
《The World of Kung Fu》（1973）
《》（1973）
《》（1974）
《》（1974）
《》（1975）
《Danger Freaks》（1976）
《》（1978）
參考資料
外部連結
英格蘭電影導演
英格蘭電視導演
英格蘭編劇
澳大利亞電影導演
澳大利亚编剧
澳大利亚电影监制
英格蘭電影監製
英語電影導演
德語電影導演
恐怖片导演
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Charles George Male (8 May 1910 – 19 February 1998) was an English footballer.
Playing career
Born in West Ham, Essex, Male trialled with West Ham United before playing with non-league Clapton. He joined Arsenal as an amateur in November 1929, turning professional in May 1930 and made his debut in a 7–1 victory over Blackpool on 27 December 1930. Initially a left-winger or left-half, usually deputising for Bob John. Male's appearances were few and far between - three in 1930-31 (in which Arsenal won the First Division for the first time in their history) and nine in 1931-32, although he was a surprise choice at left half in the 1932 FA Cup final after Alex James was withdrawn because of injury and the side reshuffled as a result. Arsenal controversially lost 2–1 to Newcastle United, after Newcastle's equaliser had come after the ball had already gone behind for a goal kick.
In 1932, with Arsenal's current right back Tom Parker ageing and his replacement, Leslie Compton, not looking entirely assured, Male was converted from left half to right back by Arsenal manager Herbert Chapman; Male would later recount how, before being told of the switch by Chapman, he entered his office fearing for his future at the club, but Chapman convinced him not only could he play at right back, but that he was the best right back in the country.
Bolstered by Chapman's pep talk, Male slotted into the right back role easily, and he became a near ever-present for the next seven seasons; he was undisputed first-choice right back and played over 35 matches for every season in that period. During that time, Arsenal won the First Division four more times (1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35 and 1937-38), as well as the FA Cup in 1935-36. He also won the FA Charity Shield in 1933, 1934 and 1938.
Male's performances for club soon meant he was an international; he made his debut for England against Scotland on 14 November 1934 and went on to win nineteen caps for his country, captaining the team for six of them.
By the end of the 1930s, Male was Arsenal captain, although injuries restricted his appearances in 1938-39. However, World War II intervened when Male was 29 and at the peak of his career; he played nearly 200 wartime matches for Arsenal, as well as serving in the Royal Air Force in Palestine. Upon the resumption of League football Male was 36, but still played 8 times in Arsenal's 1947-48 First Division-winning season, and thus became the first player in League history to play in six title-winning seasons. His last match for Arsenal was an 8–0 victory over Grimsby Town in May 1948. In all he played 318 matches for the Gunners, though he never scored a goal.
Coaching career
After retiring from playing, Male became a coach at Arsenal, training the youth and reserve teams. He was later a scout, discovering, amongst others, Charlie George. He was still at the club to see it win its first Double in 1970-71, before retiring finally in 1975; he later emigrated to Canada to live with his son. Although at the time of his death in February 1998, at the age of 87, he was reported as being the last survivor of the Herbert Chapman era, Ray Bowden survived until September that year, and to a greater age (89).
References
Notes
Sources
1910 births
1998 deaths
Footballers from West Ham
English men's footballers
England men's international footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Clapton F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. wartime guest players
Arsenal F.C. non-playing staff
English Football League players
English Football League representative players
Men's association football wing halves
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
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Usance refers to the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs. In manufacturing, "usance" means "inputs." It is used in "usance bills."
In medieval banking, "usance" denoted the period of time, set by custom, before a bill of exchange could be redeemed at its destination.
References
Manufacturing
History of banking
Medieval economics
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The Killarney Vale Australian Football Club, nicknamed the Bombers, is an Australian rules football club that competes in the AFL Hunter Central Coast competition. The club is based in the Central Coast suburb of Killarney Vale and plays its home games at Adelaide Street Oval, Tumbi Umbi.
History
The club was founded in 1978 with a meeting in the Tumbi Umbi Preschool and played in the Central Coast Australian Football League. They were known as the 'Bunyips' and wore a red, gold and black striped jumper until 1981 when they adopted the 'Bombers' nickname and changed their guernsey to the current red sash. The club won six Premierships in the former Central Coast Australian Football League before the CCAFL amalgamated with the Newcastle Australian Football League to form the Black Diamond Australian Football League after the 1999 season. The club has produced one Australian Football League player, Daniel Lloyd (Greater Western Sydney) who formerly held a scholarship with the Western Bulldogs.
Premierships
Since the club's inception into the former Central Coast Australian Football League in 1978, the Bombers have won six Premierships from 1981 to 1998. The club has also won two Black Diamond Australian Football League/AFL Hunter Central Coast First Grade premierships, in 2007 and 2022, and were runners up in 1980, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1992, 1999, 2005 and 2014. The Reserves grade side has won four premierships in 1979, 1989, 1993 & 1995.
Other information
The Killarney Vale Bombers Australian Football Club guernsey is the same as the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League.
The Killarney Vale Bombers club song is always sung after a win by all junior and senior grades and is sung to the tune of 'When Johnny Comes Marching Home.'
Killarney Vale currently fields teams in Black Diamond Cup (1st Grade), Black Diamond Plate (Reserve Grade) and fielded a Women's team in 2016 that competes in the Black Diamond Cup Women's competition. The club fielded a second team in the Black Diamond Plate Women's second division for the first time in the club's history in 2022.
The Bombers also field junior teams in Auskick, U9s, U11s, U12s, U14s, U15s and U17s, as well as junior female football in Youth Girls U12s, U14s and U17s.
A-Grade Premierships
1981 Central Coast Australian Football League
1982 Central Coast Australian Football League
1986 Central Coast Australian Football League
1987 Central Coast Australian Football League
1997 Central Coast Australian Football League
1998 Central Coast Australian Football League
2007 Black Diamond Australian Football League
2022 AFL Hunter Central Coast
Notable players
Daniel Lloyd
References
External links
1978 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1978
Australian rules football clubs in New South Wales
Sport on the Central Coast (New South Wales)
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The mining industry in Sweden has a history dating back 6,000 years.
Historically, Sweden's most famous mine is the copper Falun Mine in Dalarna, which made a significant contribution to the Swedish economy for several centuries. Sweden today is one of the largest sources of iron ore in Europe, with approximately 90% of Europe's iron and 5% of the world's iron reserves.
Geology
Most of Sweden's landmass is geologically part of the Baltic Shield, which also covers Fennoscandia and northwest parts of Russia. The Baltic Shield has the oldest rock in Europe, and is one of the largest and most active mining areas on the European continent. Most Swedish mines are in the Baltic Shield. The shield, because of its resemblance to the Canadian Shield and cratons in South Africa, is also a source of gold and diamonds.
Copper
Sweden has a long history of mining, dating back thousands of years. Sweden's earliest mining company was Stora Kopparberg, which operated on the copper Falun Mine, the most famous mine in Sweden. It was the source of the pigment falu red that painted castles, churches and cottages still seen throughout Sweden. Income from the Falun mine funded almost all of Sweden's wars throughout its history.
In the Bronze Age, most copper used in Europe originated in places such as Sicily and Iberia and the Levant. For example, a 3,600 year old copper axe was created in Sweden using copper from Cyprus. Europe's economy at the time relied heavily on copper, the major component of bronze.
Sweden's Falun copper mine opened about 1300. It was the largest copper mine in Sweden, and produced two-thirds of Europe's copper needs. The largest industrial work place in Sweden, at its peak in 1650 the mine produced as much as three kilotons of raw copper in that one year.
Iron
History
During the High Middle Ages, Sweden's iron industry followed the "eastern branch" iron production, using bowl furnace methods rather than the open hearth "bloomery" model favored in England. One of the most important Swedish iron products was osmund (also called osmond iron), small pieces made from pig iron, weighing no more than 300 grams, suited to the needs of village smithies. Later, production shifted to bar iron.
It was also clear the Swedish iron-smelters were connected to major iron markets outside Sweden, where they also influenced osmund production sold by merchants from the Hanseatic League. Many German miners and merchants (including some from Lübeck) came into Sweden to join Sweden's mining industry. Because of their influence, iron exports from Sweden went primarily to Lübeck and Danzig in modern-day Poland.
Iron, as the major component of steel, is of major importance to mining. Sweden's iron was important to both Nazi Germany and the Allies of World War II.
21st century
The country holds 60% of Europe's identified iron ore deposits and is responsible for 90% of Europe's iron ore extraction, and 5% of the world's reserves in 2014. In 2012, Sweden was one of the most active major mining countries in Europe. In the years up to 2013, Sweden's mines were producing around 80 million tons of ore in Sweden per year, mostly from Kiruna Mine, which in 2008 produced 27.5 million tons of iron.
the Swedish government intends to expand and strengthen Sweden's position as a mining nation. Crude steel produced in Sweden in 2017 (4,9 million tons) consisted of 1/3 scrap iron and 2/3 of pig iron made from iron ore.
More than 96% of total ore production comes from the mines in the northern region, known as Norrland. Comprising 10 of the 12 active mines in the country, these mines lie in Sápmi (historically "Lapland"), the traditional territory of the Sámi
Impact on people and the environment
In 2006, the British/Swedish Beowulf Mining was granted an exploration licence in Jokkmokk municipality, with the intention of exploiting the iron ore at a mine in the Gállok/Kallak area, known as the Kallak mine. The region is used by the Sámi community Jåhkågasska tjiellde for reindeer herding, as it is part of the natural migration route and they graze there all year round. When drilling started in 2013, an anti-mine movement developed consisting of environmental activists and the Sámi community. This continues . The Swedish Government refused Beowulf Mining's application in February 2020 but in December 2021, the new Prime Minister of Sweden, Magdalena Andersson, said that Sweden needed more mines.
The Kiruna Mine, the largest iron ore mine pit in Europe, plans to expand operations in the future. The nearby town of Kiruna would be endangered, however, if iron ore is extracted beneath it, which would cause instability in soil and building foundations. In order to resolve this problem, the mining company LKAB plans to move the entire town with its 18,000 people to the east.
One building which will be moved during the relocation is Kiruna Church, a Gothic Revival building built in 1912. Many of the town's other buildings, however, will instead be demolished and rebuilt at a new location by LKAB.
Gold
In the European Union, Sweden is the second largest gold producer after Finland. Sweden may also have large amounts of gold that could be mined in the future.
The name of Swedish mining company Boliden AB comes from the Boliden mine, near Skellefteå, where gold was found in 1924. The Boliden mine was once Europe's largest and richest gold mine, but since 1967 that mine is no longer active. Nevertheless, Boliden AB remains a major producer of gold in Sweden, because their polymetallic mines can produce as much as 2,000 kilograms per year. Some gold is commonly recovered from copper mines in Sweden and Finland.
See also
Swedish riksdaler
Economy of Sweden
Mineral industry of Europe
References
External links
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Trident（又稱為MSHTML、IE内核），是微軟的視窗作業系統（Windows）搭載的網頁瀏覽器—Internet Explorer的排版引擎的名稱，它的第一個版本隨著1997年10月Internet Explorer第四版釋出，之後不斷的加入新的技術並隨著新版本的Internet Explorer釋出。在Internet Explorer第七版中，微軟對Trident排版引擎做了重大的變動，除了加入新的技術之外，並增加對網頁標準的支持。儘管這些變動还是不足以弥补已經有相當大程度上落後了其它排版引擎的差距，如Gecko、KHTML、Webkit、Blink及Presto。
除此之外，微軟還有另一個網頁瀏覽器排版引擎，稱為Tasman，它是使用在「Internet Explorer for Mac」的排版引擎。相較於Trident，Tasman引擎對網頁標準有較佳的支援。與普遍的看法相反的是，微軟已經停止了Mac版本的Internet Explorer的開發，但Tasman的開發仍舊持續，新版本的Tasman引擎仍被應用在一些微軟產品上，例如Office for Mac。
在Microsoft Edge瀏覽器中，Trident被其分支EdgeHTML所取代。
軟體開發
Trident引擎被設計成一個軟體元件（模組），使得其他軟體開發人員很容易的將網頁瀏覽的功能加到他們自行開發的應用程式裡。微軟提出了一個稱為「元件物件模型」（COM）的軟體介面架構。供其它支援的元件物件模型開發環境的應用程式（如：C++及.NET）存取及編輯網頁。例如，由C++所撰寫的程式可以加入瀏覽器控制項裡，並透過Trident引擎存取當前顯示在瀏覽器上的網頁內容及網頁的各種元素的值，從瀏覽器控制項觸發的事件亦可被程式擷取並進行處理。Trident引擎所提供的所有函式庫可以透過與mshtml.dll這個檔案的連結而達成撰寫程式時所需要的功能。
版本
用例
除了Internet Explorer第四版以後的版本使用Trident排版引擎之外，還有其它的應用程式也使用了Trident排版引擎所提供的技術（參見）。它也用於從Windows 98到Windows XP及Windows Server 2003所有版本的Windows Explorer。Windows 2000在新增／移除程式中使用Trident來渲染安裝程式清單，以及在Windows XP中也被用於使用者帳戶控制面板，這是一個HTML應用程式。
其他使用Trident的一些應用程式還包括：
AOL Explorer
Avant Browser
Maxthon
GreenBrowser
Netscape Browser，在IE模式下使用Trident來渲染網頁
Sleipnir
GOSURF
MyIE
騰訊TT
世界之窗
Google Talk，使用Trident引擎來渲染對話介面
IE Tab，Mozilla Firefox和Google Chrome網頁瀏覽器的一個擴充套件，使用Trident排版引擎來瀏覽網頁
RealPlayer，播放程式內附的網頁瀏覽器
RealNetworks，旗下的網路遊戲公司RealArcade所提供的服務
微軟公司的Microsoft Office Outlook以及Outlook Express電子郵件軟體使用Trident技術協助HTML格式的信件資料排版以及「Outlook Today」畫面的顯示
微軟公司的Encarta百科全書及其相關產品
微軟公司的Windows Media Player使用Trident技術產生「Media Information」頁面
微軟公司的Microsoft Office InfoPath 2003（以XML為基礎的表格開發器）產品
微軟公司的MSN Messenger即時通訊軟體利用該技術處理使用Flash技術的遊戲或比賽以及廣告的展示資訊
跨平台的文件閱讀軟體TomeRaider
維爾福軟體公司的Steam內容傳送系統使用Trident技術在該軟體的「儲存」及「更新消息」的功能。
註釋
參考資料
參見
排版引擎列表
排版引擎比較
網頁瀏覽器比較
網頁親和力
Acid2
排版引擎
Internet Explorer
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桐山瑠衣（日語：きりやま るい、）是日本的寫真偶像，身高157公分、三圍104-61-94cm、J罩杯，東京都出身。
演出
電視節目
情報・バラエティ
グラビアの美少女#422（2008年、MONDO21）
モバタレGREAT（2008年、日本テレビ）
Sabra☆GyaO「アイドル銭湯」（2008年、GyaO）
全力坂（2008年8月、テレビ朝日）
カード学園（2009年、TBS）
『ぷっ』すま（2010年8月3日、テレビ朝日）
ゴッドタン 〜The God Tongue 神の舌〜（2010年8月11日、テレビ東京）
私生活むきだしバラエティ「キリウリ$アイドル」（2014年4月9日、TOKYO MX）
戲劇
ドラマ24 撮らないで下さい!!グラビアアイドル裏物語（2012年、テレビ東京）- キリヤマルイ 役
ドラマ24 玉川区役所 OF THE DEAD（2014年、テレビ東京）- スイカップゾンビ 役
電影
天然華汁さやか（2009年）- 鼓さやか 役
新天然華汁さやか（2010年、宇田川大吾監督）- 鼓さやか 役
作品
寫真集
バニラ色の瑠衣（2008年10月23日、アクアハウス、撮影：河野英喜）ISBN 978-4-86046-117-1
Lapis Dress（2020年1月15日、双葉社、撮影：冨貴塚宏樹）ISBN 978-4575315233
寫真DVD
ピュア・スマイル（2008年4月、竹書房）
ピーチ！コレクション（2008年7月25日、イーネット・フロンティア）
バニラ色の瑠衣（2008年10月24日、アクアハウス）
七色戦士 瑠衣の大冒険（2009年3月25日、GPミュージアム）
ジューシーH（2009年6月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
るいルージュ（2009年9月18日、イーネット・フロンティア）
メルティH（2009年12月15日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
若妻瑠衣の放課後（2010年3月27日、晋遊舎）
ワンダーH（2010年6月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
ミラクルH（2010年9月24日、エスデジタル・グラッソ・彩文館出版）
ぷるるんH（2011年1月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
はつ恋H（2011年1月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
すっごいH（2011年4月27日、学研パブリッシング）
Special DVD-BOX（2011年5月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
Hに胸キュン（2011年7月22日、イーネット・フロンティア）
Hなだんりょく（2011年10月19日、トリコ）
ボクのH（2012年1月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
ラストH（2012年4月20日、トリコ）
Iのはじまり（2012年7月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
るいコレ～Super Extra（2012年7月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
Limit 〜君と出会ってから〜（2012年10月19日、イーネット・フロンティア）
みんなだぁいすき（2013年1月25日、竹書房）
I 溢れて（2013年4月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
I 楽園（2013年5月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
るいるい♪（2013年12月25日、エアーコントロール）
やわふさ（2014年7月24日、ギルド）
オトナるい（2016年10月21日、竹書房）
るいたわわ（2017年2月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
もっとオトナるい（2017年5月19日、竹書房）
るい、あなたの妻になれる？（2017年8月23日、イーネット・フロンティア）
艶るい～En-Rui（2017年11月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
最近の瑠衣さん（2018年2月28日、エスデジタル）
凄るい ～いたずらなJカップ～（2018年5月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
ゆれつづける（2018年8月24日、竹書房）
ボクの同級生（2018年11月25日、エアーコントロール）
インパクト J（2019年2月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
kawaii ポチ（2019年6月28日、エスデジタル）
グラマラスJ（2019年10月20日、ラインコミュニケーションズ）
るいいろ（2020年2月27日、双葉社）
VR
VR女子寮物語 〜桐山瑠衣〜（2017年7月28日、エスデジタル），共演：優美、
apartment Days! 桐山瑠衣 トライアル版（2017年8月4日、ファンタスティカ）
apartment Days! 桐山瑠衣 act1（2017年8月11日、ファンタスティカ）
apartment Days! 桐山瑠衣 act2（2017年8月25日、ファンタスティカ）
參考資料
外部連結
桐山瑠衣｜おふぃしゃるコンテンツサイト
日本寫真偶像
賽車女郎
東京都出身人物
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太石乡，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。
行政区划
太石乡下辖以下地区：
。
参考资料
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