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无色性色素失调症的鉴别诊断？应与无色素痣鉴别。
指甲白斑是什么原因造成的？如果成人指甲上突然出现白斑，通常是由缺钙或贫血引起的。您可以去医院做相关检查以确认原因。如果是由体内缺钙引起的，就要及时注意补钙。缺钙的主要症状是指甲上有白斑。在严重的情况下，可能会出现痉挛和其他症状。及时补充钙，一段时间后白斑就会消失。如果指甲上出现白点，则不能完全排除贫血的可能性。建议去医院检查。如果体内缺钙，可以根据医生的建议服用钙补充剂。当身体的钙得到充分补充时，指甲上的白点会自动消失。由于缺钙，指甲上出现白斑，通常要注意多吃含钙的食物补钙。我们一般补钙。除了合理选择钙制剂外，我们还可以适当补充一些维生素，促进体内钙的吸收。每个人都必须出去散步，在院子里晒太阳，以促进身体对钙的吸收。平时的饮食和营养要均衡，多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜，少吃垃圾食品，这样更有利于我们自身对钙的吸收。我们日常生活中有很多富含钙的食物。在这里，我将向您介绍一些含有大量钙的食物。乳制品，乳制品，豆制品和海产品都是钙补充的首选食品。当然，肉类和鸡蛋，蔬菜是正常饮食中必不可少的，注意均衡饮食，而素食饮食则更好。出现白点，看指甲生长时白点是否向上移动。如果白点向上移动，则无关紧要，这是由指甲生长过程中遇到的硬物引起的。也可能有肠道寄生虫，或者可能是由疲劳和缺乏血液引起的。建议您在同一张桌子上服用抗杀虫剂，并注意个人卫生和食品卫生。注意生活规律，不要累和熬夜，饮食要注意平衡，少吃辛辣刺激性食物，运动不当，慢慢改善。
胎停育是什么原因？造成胎停育的原因很多，90%以上和胚胎自身异常有关系，少数状况和黄体功能不足，高泌乳素血症，甲状腺功能异常，糖尿病有关。胎停育是指胚胎发育到一个阶段发生了死亡而停止继续发育的现象。受精卵就像一颗种子，要经历一系列复杂而奇妙的过程，才会最终成长为一个健康的宝贝。在最初的阶段，受精卵出现发育异常而自动终止了发育称之为“胚胎停育”，胚胎停育是自然流产前的阶段，胚胎停育后如果被母体自我保护性的排出体外称之为自然流产，如果排出失败而残留在宫腔内称之为稽留流产。如果发生胚胎停育，母体会出现一系列的改变以利其排出体外。首先是雌孕激素下降，机体对胚胎产生免疫排斥的效应，母体和胚胎之间的血管形成血栓发生离段，在这过过程中可能导致阴道出血。此时的出血表现我们称之为先兆流产，是胚胎要排出体外的信号。这需要和胚胎正常发育过程中的阴道出血相鉴别，胚胎正常发育过程中如果因为局部血管破裂可以表现为阴道出血，此时的出血不会导致胚胎排出体外因此不能称之为先兆流产。如果染色体异常的话也会导致胚胎不发育而致早期流产。染色体异常包括数量和结构异常，数量上的异常可分为非整倍体和多倍体，最常见的异常核型为非整倍体三体，而16-三体又占1/3，常有致死性。21-三体中有25~67%，13-三体中有4一50%，18-三体中有6~33%必然流产。其他有单倍体(45，XO)，四倍体因卵裂异常致胚胎不发育。结构异常有缺失，平衡易位、倒置、重叠等闭。平时要注意休息，避免劳累，按时作息，加强营养，加强锻炼，增加身体的抵抗力。
Sphering may refer to: The process of becoming a sphere Sphering, the recreation or sport of rolling downhill inside an orb, generally made of transparent plastic Sphering transformation, a decorrelation method that converts a covariance matrix of a set of samples into an identity matrix See also Sphere (disambiguation)
風動石是一種自然奇观，通指是倾斜悬立在崖邊上的巨石，與地面接觸面積小，風吹则石動而搖搖欲墜，卻又難以跌落懸崖。風動石多屬花岗岩，下重上輕，有點類似不倒翁。世界各地有許多景點都有風動石的奇景。例如印度的飛來石，中國普陀山的磐陀石。缅甸孟邦境内有風動石，是悬崖边上的一块巨石，风吹时會随风摇动，缅甸人將此巨石奉为神石，並漆成金色，前往朝拜的旅客络绎不绝。著名的风动石中华人民共和国福建省東山县。臺灣桃園市小烏來。臺灣台北市風動石聖公廟臺灣臺中市大坑。緬甸孟邦境。參見怕癢石參考書目眭澔平：《古代超文明之謎》岩石
{{Infobox military conflict \| conflict = Russo-Turkish War \| partof = the Great Eastern Crisis and the Russo-Turkish wars \| image = Russo-Turkish_War._jpg.png \| caption = Clockwise from top left: The Action off Măcin, The Battle of Shipka Pass, The Siege of Plevna, The Battle of Aladzha, The Battle of Tashkessen \| date = 24 April 1877 – 3 March 1878() \| place = Balkans, Caucasus \| territory = * Establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria De jure independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro from the Ottoman Empire Kars and Batum Oblasts become part of the Russian Empire, Britain occupies Cyprus, Austria-Hungary occupies Bosnia Russian annexation of Southern Bessarabia from Romania, Romanian annexation of Northern Dobruja \| result = Russian coalition victory Official recognition of de facto and de jure independence of the Balkan states. Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin Treaty of Constantinople \| combatant1 = Guard of Finland Principality of Romania Principality of Serbia Principality of Montenegro Bulgarian Legion Serbian rebels \| combatant2 = Loyal Kurdish tribes Albanian volunteers Circassian volunteers Chechen rebels Abkhazian rebels Polish volunteers \| commander1 = \| commander2 = \| strength1 = The Russo-Turkish War (, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; , "Russian–Turkish war") was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Fought in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, it originated in emerging 19th-century Balkan nationalism. Additional factors included the Russian goals of recovering territorial losses endured during the Crimean War of 1853–56, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. The Russian-led coalition won the war, pushing the Ottomans back all the way to the gates of Constantinople, leading to the intervention of the western European great powers. As a result, Russia succeeded in claiming provinces in the Caucasus, namely Kars and Batum, and also annexed the Budjak region. The principalities of Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro, each of which had had de facto sovereignty for some years, formally proclaimed independence from the Ottoman Empire. After almost five centuries of Ottoman domination (1396–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria emerged as an autonomous Bulgarian state with support and military intervention from Russia. Conflict pre-history Treatment of Christians in the Ottoman Empire Article 9 of the 1856 Paris Peace Treaty, concluded at the end of the Crimean War, obliged the Ottoman Empire to grant Christians equal rights with Muslims. Before the treaty was signed, the Ottoman government issued an edict, the Edict of Gülhane, which proclaimed the principle of the equality of Muslims and non-Muslims, and produced some specific reforms to this end. For example, the jizya tax was abolished and non-Muslims were allowed to join the army. Crisis in Lebanon, 1860 In 1858, stirred by their clergy, the Maronite peasants of northern Lebanon revolted against their predominantly Druze feudal overlords and established a peasant republic. In southern Beirut vilayet, where both Maronite and Druze peasants worked under Druze overlords, Druze peasants sided with their co-religious and against the Maronites, transforming the conflict into a civil war. Although both sides suffered, about 10,000 Maronites were massacred at the hands of the Druze. Fearing European intervention, the Ottoman foreign minister Mehmed Fuad Pasha was dispatched to Syria and immediately set about trying to resolve the conflict as swiftly as possible. Mehmed sought out and executed the agitators on all sides, including the governor and other officials. Order was soon restored, and preparations made to give Lebanon new autonomy. These efforts were ultimately not enough to prevent European intervention, however, with France deploying a fleet in September 1860. Fearing that a unilateral intervention would increase French influence in the region at their expense, the British joined the French expedition. Faced with further European pressure, the Sultan agreed to appoint a Christian governor in Lebanon, whose candidacy was to be submitted by the Sultan and approved by the European powers. The revolt in Crete, 1866–1869 The Cretan Revolt, which began in 1866, resulted from the failure of the Ottoman Empire to apply reforms for improving the life of the population and the Cretans' desire for enosis – union with Greece. The insurgents gained control over the whole island, except for five fortified cities where the Muslims took refuge. The Greek press claimed that Muslims had massacred Greeks and the word was spread throughout Europe. Thousands of Greek volunteers were mobilized and sent to the island. The siege of Arkadi Monastery became particularly well known. In November 1866, about 250 Cretan Greek combatants and around 600 women and children were besieged by about 23,000 mainly Cretan Muslims aided by Ottoman troops, and this became widely known in Europe. After a bloody battle with a large number of casualties on both sides, the Cretan Greeks finally surrendered when their ammunition ran out but were killed upon surrender. By early 1869, the insurrection was suppressed, but the Porte offered some concessions, introducing island self-rule and increasing Christian rights on the island. Although the Cretan crisis ended better for the Ottomans than almost any other diplomatic confrontation of the century, the insurrection, and especially the brutality with which it was suppressed, led to greater public attention in Europe to the oppression of Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Changing balance of power in Europe Although on the winning side in the Crimean War, the Ottoman Empire continued to decline in power and prestige. The financial strain on the treasury forced the Ottoman government to take a series of foreign loans at such steep interest rates that, despite all the fiscal reforms that followed, pushed it into unpayable debts and economic difficulties. This was further aggravated by the need to accommodate more than 600,000 Muslim Circassians, expelled by the Russians from the Caucasus, to the Black Sea ports of north Anatolia and the Balkan ports of Constanța and Varna, which cost a great deal in money and in civil disorder to the Ottoman authorities. The New European Concert The Concert of Europe established in 1814 was shaken in 1859 when France and Austria fought over Italy. It came apart completely as a result of the wars of German Unification, when the Kingdom of Prussia, led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, defeated Austria in 1866 and France in 1870, replacing Austria as the dominant power in Central Europe. Britain, diverted by the Irish question and averse to warfare, chose not to intervene again to restore the European balance. Bismarck did not wish the breakup of the Ottoman Empire to create rivalries that might lead to war, so he took up Tsar Alexander II of Russia's earlier suggestion that arrangements be made in case the Ottoman Empire fell apart, creating the Three Emperors' League with Austria-Hungary and Russia to keep France isolated on the continent. France responded by supporting self-determination movements, particularly if they concerned the three emperors and the Sultan. Thus revolts in Poland against Russia and national aspirations in the Balkans were encouraged by France. Russia worked to regain its right to maintain a fleet on the Black Sea and vied with the French in gaining influence in the Balkans by using the new Pan-Slavic idea that all Slavs should be united under Russian leadership. This could be done only by destroying the two empires where most non-Russian Slavs lived, the Habsburg and the Ottoman Empires. The ambitions and the rivalries of the Russians and French in the Balkans surfaced in Serbia, which was experiencing its own national revival and had ambitions that partly conflicted with those of the great powers. Russia after the Crimean War Russia ended the Crimean War with minimal territorial losses, but was forced to destroy its Black Sea Fleet and Sevastopol fortifications. Russian international prestige was damaged, and for many years revenge for the Crimean War became the main goal of Russian foreign policy. This was not easy though – the Paris Peace Treaty included guarantees of Ottoman territorial integrity by Great Britain, France and Austria; only Prussia remained friendly to Russia. The newly appointed Russian chancellor, Alexander Gorchakov depended upon alliance with Prussia and its chancellor Bismarck. Russia consistently supported Prussia in her wars with Denmark (1864), Austria (1866) and France (1870). In March 1871, using the crushing French defeat and the support of a grateful Germany, Russia achieved international recognition of its earlier denouncement of Article 11 of the Paris Peace Treaty, thus enabling it to revive the Black Sea Fleet. Other clauses of the Paris Peace Treaty, however, remained in force, specifically Article 8 with guarantees of Ottoman territorial integrity by Great Britain, France and Austria. Therefore, Russia was extremely cautious in its relations with the Ottoman Empire, coordinating all its actions with other European powers. A Russian war with Turkey would require at least the tacit support of all other Great Powers, and Russian diplomacy was waiting for a convenient moment. Balkan crisis of 1875–1876 In 1875, a series of Balkan events brought Europe to the brink of war. The state of Ottoman administration in the Balkans continued to deteriorate throughout the 19th century, with the central government occasionally losing control over whole provinces. Reforms imposed by European powers did little to improve the conditions of the Christian population, while managing to dissatisfy a sizable portion of the Muslim population. Bosnia and Herzegovina suffered at least two waves of rebellion by the local Muslim population, the most recent ending in 1862. Austria consolidated after the turmoil of the first half of the century and sought to reinvigorate its centuries long policy of expansion at the expense of the Ottoman Empire. Meanwhile, the nominally autonomous, de facto independent principalities of Serbia and Montenegro also sought to expand into regions inhabited by their compatriots. Nationalist and irredentist sentiments were strong and were encouraged by Russia and her agents. At the same time, a severe drought in Anatolia in 1873 and flooding in 1874 caused famine and widespread discontent in the heart of the Empire. The agricultural shortages precluded the collection of necessary taxes, which forced the Ottoman government to declare bankruptcy in October 1875 and increase taxes on outlying provinces including the Balkans. Balkan uprisings Albanian revolts István Deák states that the Albanian highlanders resented new taxes and conscription, and fought against the Ottomans in the war. Herzegovina Uprising An uprising against Ottoman rule began in Herzegovina in July 1875. By August almost all of Herzegovina had been seized and the revolt had spread into Bosnia. Supported by nationalist volunteers from Serbia and Montenegro, the uprising continued as the Ottomans committed more and more troops to suppress it. Bulgarian Uprising The revolt of Bosnia and Herzegovina spurred Bucharest-based Bulgarian revolutionaries into action. In 1875, a Bulgarian uprising was hastily prepared to take advantage of Ottoman preoccupation, but it fizzled before it started. In the spring of 1876, another uprising erupted in the south-central Bulgarian lands despite the fact that there were numerous regular Turkish troops in those areas. A special Turkish military committee was established to quell the uprising. Regular troops (Nizam) and irregulars (Redif or Bashi-bazouk) were directed to fight the Bulgarians (11 May – 9 June 1876). The irregulars were mostly drawn from the Muslim inhabitants of the Bulgarian region. Many were Circassians from the Caucasus or Crimean Tatars who were expelled during the Crimean War; some were Islamized Bulgarians. The Ottoman army suppressed the revolt, massacring up to 30,000 people in the process. Five thousand out of the seven thousand villagers of Batak were put to death. Both Batak and Perushtitsa, where the majority of the population was also massacred, participated in the rebellion. Many of the perpetrators of those massacres were later decorated by the Ottoman high command. Modern historians have estimated the number of murdered Bulgarians at between 30,000 and 100,000. International reaction to atrocities in Bulgaria Word of the bashi-bazouks' atrocities filtered to the outside world by way of the American-run Robert College located in Constantinople. The majority of the students were Bulgarian, and many received news of the events from their families back home. Soon the Western diplomatic community in Constantinople was abuzz with rumours, which eventually found their way into newspapers in the West. While in Constantinople in 1879, Protestant missionary George Warren Wood reported Turkish authorities in Amasia brutally persecuting Christian Armenian refugees from Soukoum Kaleh. He was able to coordinate with British diplomat Edward Malet to bring the matter to the attention of the Sublime Porte, and then to the British Foreign Secretary Robert Gascoyne-Cecil (the Marquess of Salisbury). In Britain, where Disraeli's government was committed to supporting the Ottomans in the ongoing Balkan crisis, the Liberal opposition newspaper The Daily News hired American journalist Januarius A. MacGahan to report on the massacre stories first-hand. MacGahan toured the stricken regions of the Bulgarian uprising, and his report, splashed across The Daily Newss front pages, galvanized British public opinion against Disraeli's pro-Ottoman policy. In September, opposition leader William Ewart Gladstone published his Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East calling upon Britain to withdraw its support for Turkey and proposing that Europe demand independence for Bulgaria and Bosnia and Herzegovina. As the details became known across Europe, many dignitaries, including Charles Darwin, Oscar Wilde, Victor Hugo and Giuseppe Garibaldi, publicly condemned the Ottoman abuses in Bulgaria. The strongest reaction came from Russia. Widespread sympathy for the Bulgarian cause led to a nationwide surge in patriotism on a scale comparable with the one during the Patriotic War of 1812. From autumn 1875, the movement to support the Bulgarian uprising involved all classes of Russian society. This was accompanied by sharp public discussions about Russian goals in this conflict: Slavophiles, including Fyodor Dostoevsky, saw in the impending war the chance to unite all Orthodox nations under Russia's helm, thus fulfilling what they believed was the historic mission of Russia, while their opponents, westernizers, inspired by Ivan Turgenev, denied the importance of religion and believed that Russian goals should not be defense of Orthodoxy but liberation of Bulgaria. Serbo-Turkish War and diplomatic maneuvering On 30 June 1876, Serbia, followed by Montenegro, declared war on the Ottoman Empire. In July and August, the ill-prepared and poorly equipped Serbian army helped by Russian volunteers failed to achieve offensive objectives but did manage to repulse the Ottoman offensive into Serbia. Meanwhile, Alexander II of Russia and Prince Gorchakov met Austria-Hungary's Franz Joseph I and Count Andrássy in the Reichstadt castle in Bohemia. No written agreement was made, but during the discussions, Russia agreed to support Austrian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Austria-Hungary, in exchange, agreed to support the return of Southern Bessarabialost by Russia during the Crimean Warand Russian annexation of the port of Batum on the east coast of the Black Sea. Bulgaria was to become autonomous (independent, according to the Russian records). As the fighting in Bosnia and Herzegovina continued, Serbia suffered a string of setbacks and asked the European powers to mediate an end to the war. A joint ultimatum by the European powers forced the Porte to give Serbia a one-month truce and start peace negotiations. Turkish peace conditions however were refused by European powers as too harsh. In early October, after the truce expired, the Turkish army resumed its offensive and the Serbian position quickly became desperate. On 31 October, Russia issued an ultimatum requiring the Ottoman Empire to stop the hostilities and sign a new truce with Serbia within 48 hours. This was supported by the partial mobilization of the Imperial Russian Army (up to 20 divisions). Sultan Abdul Hamid II accepted the conditions of the ultimatum. To resolve the crisis, on 11 December 1876, the Constantinople Conference of the Great Powers was opened in Constantinople (to which Ottoman representatives were not invited). A compromise solution was negotiated, granting autonomy to Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina under the joint control of European powers. The Ottomans, however, refused to sacrifice their independence by allowing international representatives to oversee the institution of reforms and sought to discredit the conference by announcing on 23 December, the day the conference was closed, that a constitution was adopted that declared equal rights for religious minorities within the Empire. The Ottomans attempted to use this manoeuver to get their objections and amendments to the agreement heard. When they were rejected by the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire announced its decision to disregard the results of the conference. On 15 January 1877, Russia and Austria-Hungary signed a written agreement confirming the results of the earlier Reichstadt Agreement of July 1876. This assured Russia of the benevolent neutrality of Austria-Hungary in the impending war. These terms meant that in case of war Russia would do the fighting and Austria-Hungary would derive most of the advantage. Russia therefore made a final effort for a peaceful settlement. After reaching an agreement with its main Balkan rival and with anti-Ottoman sympathies running high throughout Europe due to the Bulgarian atrocities and the rejection of the Constantinople agreements, Russia finally felt free to declare war. Status of combatants The Ottoman Army The Ottoman army at this time solely conscripted Muslims with non-Muslims paying a poll tax in lieu of service, the army itself was divided into 4 categories the Nizam (standing army) who served for 4 years (5 years for cavalry and engineers), then there was the Ithiat or the 1st reserve where a further 2 years was served (1 year for the cavalry and artillery) the annual draft of the empire conscripted 37,500 men and following mobilisation of the Nizam and Ithiat these 2 portions of the army totalled approximately 210,000 men and 20,000 men of the Gendarme which were included in the Nizam. Additionally, there was the Redif which took veterans of the Nizam and Ithiat categories and men who did not serve. The Redif itself was divided into 4 categories the first category consisted of veterans of the Nizam category who served in the 1st redif sub-category for 4 years before entering the 2nd redif sub-category, men who were not conscripted served in the 3rd sub-category of the Redfi for 4 years before entering the 4th sub-category of the redif, the redfi itself was grouped into battalions and classes with whole battalions taken out to serve as new units. The Redif was theoretically capable of providing 190,000–200,000 troops. The 4th category was the Moustafiz which contained all men that completed their service in the Redif they served in the Moustafiz for a further 6 years which contained approximately 300,000 troops. Sultan Abdulaziz had reorganised the military school during his reign to educate officers, however the turnout of this academy was poor and only 1,600 of the 20,000 regular officers of the army were academy trained though the artillery saw the highest concentration of academy trained officers at 20% of the total, for the entire Ottoman army only 132 academy trained generals were available. The Ottoman army was organised at the battalion level with a battalion nominally holding 800 men subdivided into companies of 100 men, for formations above the battalion level these were to be assembled ad-hoc this results in difficulty at estimating Ottoman troop strength throughout the war as many units were below strength before entering the war due to the many rebellions affecting the empire. However, the Ottoman army was well prepared for war as the Ottoman army had increasingly called up its reserves up to the 3rd sub-category of the Redif when Russian forces began gathering in Bessarabia. Olender gives the Ottoman battalion (tabor) of infantry at 774 men on paper and 650 in practice, the cavalry squadron containing 143 men on paper and 100 in practice with the artillery being organised into 6 gun batteries. The Ottoman army was also well-equipped with 75% of the army equipped with the Peabody-martini rifle accurate to 1,800 yards with 300,000 of these guns being purchased prior to the war the remainder of the troops using Snider rifles the irregulars however used Winchester repeating rifles and the Egyptians using Remington rifles. The Ottoman support services were however less impressive with the army often forced to resort to foraging, though Ottoman forces were equipped with entrenching tools which they used extensively at Plevna and they had sufficient ammunition for their repeating rifles. The Ottoman artillery were armed with Krupp guns of the 8cm and 9cm types for field usage with 12 cm and 15cm guns also being used but less commonly and various older guns were to be found primarily in fortresses. The Ottoman army at the outbreak of war was divided into several groups. The largest was the 168,000 under the command of Abdülkerim Nadir Pasha based out of Shumla, 140,000 was assigned to the general task of fighting threats in the European provinces of the Empire with 45,000 in various garrisons in Anatolia Europe and Crete with the Caucasus army containing 70,000 men, the total of men under arms amounted to 378,000 men. Olender gives a breakdown of Ottoman troops in the spring of 1877 as containing 571 infantry battalions (181 of which were Nizam), 147 cavalry squadrons and 143 artillery batteries not including the fortress and garrison companies or irregulars. On paper this would amount to 441,954 infantry (140,094 being nizam troops), 21,021 cavalry and 858 guns. However, due to other conflicts and the ongoing process of mobilisation of the Redif units at this process the Regular Ottoman army amounted to 400,000 troops with an additional 90,000 irregular troops and Egyptian troops. The Russian Army The Russian army in the decade prior to the war underwent major modernisation spearheaded by the Minister of War Dmitry Milyutin, this programme of reform gave Russia a large army that was capable of fighting a war against the Ottomans. All Russian men were to serve 6 years in the active army and 9 years in the reserves though through exemption the effective intake of conscription was considerably less (in 1874 of 724,648 eligible men only 150,000 were enlisted this having risen to 218,000 by 1877) in peacetime, though this was still sufficient to meet the Russian need for manpower. The Active portion of the army was subdivided into 2 portions, the local troops, who were garrison soldiers in Europe, regular soldiers in Asia, stationary forces and gendarmes, the other portion was the Field Army. In addition to these forces there was the militia (opolcheniye), which contained all men exempted from conscripted and men under 40 who had completed their terms of service. The Field Army was organised into 48 infantry divisions (3 of which were guard and 4 Grenadier). There were also 8 rifle brigades, 19 cavalry divisions, 35 horse gun batteries, 19 engineer battalions, 49 field gun brigades. The Russian divisions were organised into corps of 2 to 3 divisions, a corps excluding support and command staff would consist of 20,160 infantry, 2,048 cavalry, 96 field guns and 12 horse drawn guns (this is for a 2 division corps). The Russian army in 1874 contained 754,265 men and by January 1, 1878 this had risen to over 1.5 million men. The Russian army used 2 rifles, the Krnka rifle, which they possessed 800,000 of at the minimum and was accurate to only 600 yards (to the Turkish Peabody's 1,800), and the Berdan rifle, which equipped the Line, Grenadier, Rifle and Guard formations and was accurate to 1,500 yards. However, the Russian army, despite possessing breechloading rifles, was still holding to the maxims of Suvorov, which called for the usage of the bayonet as the principal weapon, Russian soldiers also lacked entrenching equipment to an adequate level. Russian artillery, despite being breechloaded, were nearing obsolescence Course of the war Opening manoeuvres On 12 April 1877, Romania gave permission to the Russian troops to pass through its territory to attack the Turks. On 24 April 1877 Russia declared war on the Ottomans, and its troops entered Romania through the newly built Eiffel Bridge near Ungheni, on the Prut river, resulting in Turkish bombardments of Romanian towns on the Danube. On 10 May 1877, the Principality of Romania, which was under nominal Turkish suzerainty, declared its independence. At the beginning of the war, the outcome was far from obvious. The Russians could send a larger army into the Balkans: about 300,000 troops were within reach. The Ottomans had about 200,000 troops on the Balkan peninsula, of which about 100,000 were assigned to fortified garrisons, leaving about 100,000 for the army of operation. The Ottomans had the advantage of being fortified, complete command of the Black Sea, and patrol boats along the Danube river. They also possessed superior arms, including new British and American-made rifles and German-made artillery. In the event, however, the Ottomans usually resorted to passive defense, leaving the strategic initiative to the Russians, who, after making some mistakes, found a winning strategy for the war. The Ottoman military command in Constantinople made poor assumptions about Russian intentions. They decided that Russians would be too lazy to march along the Danube and cross it away from the delta, and would prefer the short way along the Black Sea coast. This would be ignoring the fact that the coast had the strongest, best supplied and garrisoned Turkish fortresses. There was only one well manned fortress along the inner part of the River Danube, Vidin. It was garrisoned only because the troops, led by Osman Nuri Pasha, had just taken part in defeating the Serbs in their recent war against the Ottoman Empire. The Russian campaign was better planned, but it relied heavily on Turkish passivity. A crucial Russian mistake was sending too few troops initially; an expeditionary force of about 185,000 crossed the Danube in June, slightly fewer than the combined Turkish forces in the Balkans (about 200,000). After setbacks in July (at Pleven and Stara Zagora), the Russian military command realized it did not have the reserves to keep the offensive going and switched to a defensive posture. The Russians did not even have enough forces to blockade Pleven properly until late August, which effectively delayed the whole campaign for about two months. Balkan theatre At the start of the war, Russia and Romania destroyed all vessels along the Danube and mined the river, thus ensuring that Russian forces could cross the Danube at any point without resistance from the Ottoman Navy. The Ottoman command did not appreciate the significance of the Russians' actions. In June, a small Russian unit crossed the Danube close to the delta, at Galați, and marched towards Ruschuk (today Ruse). This made the Ottomans even more confident that the big Russian force would come right through the middle of the Ottoman stronghold. In the first month of the war, the Ottomans suffered a pair of significant naval losses on the Danube. The turret ship was destroyed by a Russian artillery battery on 11 May. And on the night of 25–26 May, a Romanian torpedo boat with a mixed Romanian-Russian crew attacked and sank the Ottoman monitor on the Danube. Under the direct command of Major-General Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov, on the night of 27/28 June 1877 (NS) the Russians constructed a pontoon bridge across the Danube at Svishtov. After a short battle in which the Russians suffered 812 killed and wounded, the Russians secured the opposing bank and drove off the Ottoman infantry brigade defending Svishtov. At this point the Russian force was divided into three parts: the Eastern Detachment under the command of Tsarevich Alexander Alexandrovich, the future Tsar Alexander III of Russia, assigned to capture the fortress of Ruschuk and cover the army's eastern flank; the Western Detachment, to capture the fortress of Nikopol, Bulgaria and cover the army's western flank; and the Advance Detachment under Count Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko, which was assigned to quickly move via Veliko Tarnovo and penetrate the Balkan Mountains, the most significant barrier between the Danube and Constantinople. Responding to the Russian crossing of the Danube, the Ottoman high command in Constantinople ordered Osman Nuri Pasha to advance east from Vidin and occupy the fortress of Nikopol, just west of the Russian crossing. On his way to Nikopol, Osman Pasha learned that the Russians had already captured the fortress and so moved to the crossroads town of Plevna (now known as Pleven), which he occupied with a force of approximately 15,000 on 19 July (NS). The Russians, approximately 9,000 under the command of General Schilder-Schuldner, reached Plevna early in the morning. Thus began the Siege of Plevna. Osman Pasha organized a defense and repelled two Russian attacks with colossal casualties on the Russian side. At that point, the sides were almost equal in numbers and the Russian army was very discouraged. A counter-attack might have allowed the Ottomans to control and destroy the Russians' bridge, but Osman Pasha did not leave the fortress because he had orders to stay fortified in Plevna. Russia had no more troops to throw against Plevna, so the Russians besieged it, and subsequently asked the Romanians to cross the Danube and help them. On 9 August, Suleiman Pasha made an attempt to help Osman Pasha with 30,000 troops, but he was stopped by Bulgarians at the Battle of Shipka Pass. After three days of fighting, the volunteers were relieved by a Russian force led by General Fyodor Radetsky, and the Turkish forces withdrew. Soon afterwards, Romanian forces crossed the Danube and joined the siege. On 16 August, at Gorni-Studen, the armies around Plevna were placed under the command of the Romanian Prince Carol I, aided by the Russian general Pavel Dmitrievich Zotov and the Romanian general Alexandru Cernat. The Turks maintained several fortresses around Pleven which the Russian and Romanian forces gradually reduced. The Romanian 4th Division led by General Gheorghe Manu took the Grivitsa redoubt after four bloody assaults and managed to keep it until the very end of the siege. The Siege of Plevna (July–December 1877) turned to victory only after Russian and Romanian forces cut off all supply routes to the fortified Ottomans. With supplies running low, Osman Pasha made an attempt to break the Russian siege in the direction of Opanets. On 9 December, in the middle of the night the Ottomans threw bridges over the Vit river and crossed it, attacked on a front and broke through the first line of Russian trenches. Here they fought hand to hand and bayonet to bayonet, with little advantage to either side. Outnumbering the Ottomans almost 5 to 1, the Russians drove the Ottomans back across the Vit. Osman Pasha was wounded in the leg by a stray bullet, which killed his horse beneath him. Making a brief stand, the Ottomans eventually found themselves driven back into the city, losing 5,000 men to the Russians' 2,000. The next day, Osman surrendered the city, the garrison, and his sword to the Romanian colonel, Mihail Cerchez. He was treated honorably, but his troops perished in the snow by the thousands as they straggled off into captivity. At this point Serbia, having finally secured monetary aid from Russia, declared war on the Ottoman Empire again. This time there were far fewer Russian officers in the Serbian army but this was more than offset by the experience gained from the 1876–77 war. Under nominal command of Prince Milan Obrenović (effective command was in hands of general Kosta Protić, the army chief of staff), the Serbian Army went on offensive in what is now eastern south Serbia. A planned offensive into the Ottoman Sanjak of Novi Pazar was called off due to strong diplomatic pressure from Austria-Hungary, which wanted to prevent Serbia and Montenegro from coming into contact, and which had designs to spread Austria-Hungary's influence through the area. The Ottomans, outnumbered unlike two years before, mostly confined themselves to passive defence of fortified positions. By the end of hostilities the Serbs had captured Ak-Palanka (today Bela Palanka), Pirot, Niš and Vranje. Russians under Field Marshal Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko succeeded in capturing the passes at the Stara Planina mountain, which were crucial for maneuvering. Next, both sides fought a series of battles for Shipka Pass. Gourko made several attacks on the Pass and eventually secured it. Ottoman troops spent much effort to recapture this important route, to use it to reinforce Osman Pasha in Pleven, but failed. Eventually Gourko led a final offensive that crushed the Ottomans around Shipka Pass. The Ottoman offensive against Shipka Pass is considered one of the major mistakes of the war, as other passes were virtually unguarded. At this time a huge number of Ottoman troops stayed fortified along the Black Sea coast and engaged in very few operations. A Russian army crossed the Stara Planina by a high snowy pass in winter, guided and helped by local Bulgarians, not expected by the Ottoman army, and defeated the Turks at the Battle of Tashkessen and took Sofia. The way was now open for a quick advance through Plovdiv and Adrianople to Constantinople. Besides the Romanian Army (which mobilized 130,000 men, losing 10,000 of them to this war), more than 12,000 volunteer Bulgarian troops (Opalchenie) from the local Bulgarian population as well as many hajduk detachments fought in the war on the side of the Russians. Caucasian theatre The Russian 1st Caucasus Army Corps was stationed in Georgia and Armenia, composed of approximately 50,000 men and 202 guns under the overall command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, Governor General of the Caucasus. The Russian force stood opposed by an Ottoman Army of 100,000 men led by General Ahmed Muhtar Pasha. While the Russian army was better prepared for the fighting in the region, it lagged behind technologically in certain areas such as heavy artillery and was outgunned, for example, by the superior long-range Krupp artillery that Germany had supplied to the Ottomans. The Caucasus Corps was led by a quartet of Armenian commanders: Generals Mikhail Loris-Melikov, Arshak Ter-Gukasov (Ter-Ghukasov/Ter-Ghukasyan), Ivan Lazarev and Beybut Shelkovnikov. Forces under Lieutenant-General Ter-Gukasov, stationed near Yerevan, commenced the first assault into Ottoman territory by capturing the town of Bayazid on 27 April 1877. Capitalizing on Ter-Gukasov's victory there, Russian forces advanced, taking the region of Ardahan on 17 May; Russian units also besieged the city of Kars in the final week of May, although Ottoman reinforcements lifted the siege and drove them back. Bolstered by reinforcements, in November 1877 General Lazarev launched a new attack on Kars, suppressing the southern forts leading to the city and capturing Kars itself on 18 November. On 19 February 1878, the strategic fortress town of Erzurum was taken by the Russians after a lengthy siege. Although they relinquished control of Erzurum to the Ottomans at the end the war, the Russians acquired the regions of Batum, Ardahan, Kars, Olti, and Sarikamish and reconstituted them into the Kars Oblast. Kurdish uprising As the Russo-Turkish war came to a close, a Kurdish uprising began. It was led by two brothers, Husein and Osman Pasha. The rebellion held most of the region of Bohtan for 9 months. It was ended only through duplicity, after force of arms had failed. In Kars, Kurdish notables like Abdürrezzak Bedir Khan and a son of Sheikh Ubeydullah were supporters of the Russians. Civilian government in Bulgaria during the war After Bulgarian territories were liberated by the Imperial Russian Army during the war, they were governed initially by a provisional Russian administration, which was established in April 1877. The Treaty of Berlin (1878) provided for the termination of this provisional Russian administration in May 1879, when the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia were established. The main objectives of the temporary Russian administration were to secure peace and order and to prepare for a revival of the Bulgarian state. Aftermath Intervention by the Great Powers Under pressure from the British, Russia accepted the truce offered by the Ottoman Empire on 31 January 1878, but continued to move towards Constantinople. The British sent a fleet of battleships to intimidate Russia from entering the city, and Russian forces stopped at San Stefano. Eventually Russia entered into a settlement under the Treaty of San Stefano on 3 March, by which the Ottoman Empire would recognize the independence of Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro, and the autonomy of Bulgaria. Alarmed by the extension of Russian power into the Balkans, the Great Powers later forced modifications of the treaty in the Congress of Berlin. The main change here was that Bulgaria would be split, according to earlier agreements among the Great Powers that precluded the creation of a large new Slavic state: the northern and eastern parts to become principalities as before (Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia), though with different governors; and the Macedonian region, originally part of Bulgaria under San Stefano, would return to direct Ottoman administration. The was a further continuation of negotiations between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. While reaffirming provisions of the Treaty of San Stefano which had not been modified by the Berlin Treaty, it set compensation terms owed by Ottoman Empire to Russia for losses sustained during the war. It contained terms to release prisoners of war and to grant amnesty to Ottoman subjects, as well as providing terms for the inhabitants nationality after the annexations. Article VII allowed subjects to opt within six months of the signing of the treaty to retain Ottoman subjecthood or become Russian subjects. A surprising consequence came in Hungary (part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). Despite memories of the terrible defeat at Mohács in 1526, elite Hungarian attitudes were becoming strongly anti-Russian. This led to active support for the Turks in the media, but only in a peaceful way, since the foreign policy of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy remained neutral. Effects on Bulgaria's Jewish population The Bulletins de l'Alliance Israélite Universelle reported that thousands of Bulgarian Jews found refuge at the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and reported that many Jewish communities had fled in their entirety with the retreating Turks as their protectors. However, this is directly contradicted by census figures, which, instead of a decrease, indicate a substantial increase in Bulgaria's Jewish population before and after the war. While there were only 4,595 males or 9,190 male and female Jews in the five vilayets to form the future Principality of BulgariaRusçuk, Vidin, Sofia, Tirnova and Varnaaccording to the pre-war Ottoman salname of 1875 (0.4% of the population), the 1880 Bulgarian census indicated a total of 14,342 Jews, who accounted for 0.7% of the post-war Bulgarian population. Moreover, an increase by 5,152 people, or 56%, in less than five years, cannot be explained by natural increase alone and would rather indicate substantial net immigration rather than emigration of Jews from the Principality. Obviously, any such immigration or return of refugees would happen only after the postwar situation stabilized, offering necessary personal and economic security. Internationalization of the Armenian Question The conclusion of the Russo-Turkish war also led to the internationalization of the Armenian Question. Many Armenians in the eastern provinces (Turkish Armenia) of the Ottoman Empire greeted the advancing Russians as liberators. Violence and instability directed at Armenians during the war by Kurd and Circassian bands had left many Armenians looking toward the invading Russians as the ultimate guarantors of their security. Influential pro-Russian Armenian thinker Grigor Artsruni encouraged Armenians to migrate to Russia in order to form a more concentrated block. In January 1878, Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople Nerses II Varzhapetian approached the Russian leadership with the view of receiving assurances that the Russians would introduce provisions in the prospective peace treaty for self-administration in the Armenian provinces. Though not as explicit, Article 16 of the Treaty of San Stefano read: The Armenian Patriarch discouraged Armenian migration to Russia and encouraged Armenians to “remain faithful to the Sultan”. The Patriarch held the belief that Armenian-inhabited areas could remain under Ottoman rule, but under Christian control, and that Muslims who were dissatisfied with how the Ottomans had been governing the provinces would tolerate life under Christian leadership. In attempting to persuade the British to drive a hard bargain with the Ottoman Empire, he asserted to British Ambassador Austen Henry Layard that the “only thing … that could induce the Armenians to refrain from listening to the advice of Russia to emigrate, and to be content to remain under the rule of the Sultan, would be the appointment of an Armenian as Vali of Armenia”. Great Britain, however, took objection to Russia holding on to so much Ottoman territory and forced it to enter into new negotiations by convening the Congress of Berlin in June 1878. An Armenian delegation led by prelate Mkrtich Khrimian traveled to Berlin to present the case of the Armenians but, much to its chagrin, was left out of the negotiations. Article 16 was modified and watered down, and all mention of the Russian forces remaining in the provinces was removed. In the final text of the Treaty of Berlin, it was transformed into Article 61, which read: As it turned out, the reforms were not forthcoming. Khrimian returned to Constantinople and delivered a famous speech in which he likened the peace conference to a big cauldron of Liberty Stew' into which the big nations dipped their 'iron ladles' for real results, while the Armenian delegation had only a 'Paper Ladle'. 'Ah dear Armenian people,' Khrimian said, 'could I have dipped my Paper Ladle in the cauldron it would sog and remain there! Where guns talk and sabers shine, what significance do appeals and petitions have? Given the absence of tangible improvements in the plight of the Armenian community, a number of Armenian intellectuals living in Europe and Russia in the 1880s and 1890s formed political parties and revolutionary societies to secure better conditions for their compatriots in Ottoman Armenia and other parts of the Ottoman Empire. Civilian casualties Atrocities and ethnic cleansing Both sides carried out massacres and an ethnic cleansing policy during the war. Against Turks In January 1878, advancing coalition forces started committing atrocities against Muslim populations in the region. British reports from that time have detailed information about atrocities and massacres. According to those reports, in the village of İssova Bâlâ, the school and 96 of the 170 houses were burned to the ground. The inhabitants of Yukarı Sofular were slaughtered and 12 of the 130 houses in village, a mosque, and a school were burned. In Kozluca, 18 Turks were killed. Massacres of Muslim inhabitants occurred in Kazanlak too. In the village of Muflis, 127 Muslim inhabitants were kidnapped by a group of Russian and Bulgarian troops. 20 managed to escape. The rest were killed. 400 people from Muflis were killed according to Ottoman sources. 11 inhabitants were killed in Keçidere. According to John Joseph the Russian troops frequently killed Muslim peasants to prevent them from disrupting their supply and troop movements. During the Battle of Harmanli accompanying this retaliation on Muslim non-combatants, it was reported that a huge group of Muslim townspeople were attacked by the Russian army. Thousands died and their goods were confiscated. The correspondent of The Daily News describes as an eyewitness the burning of four or five Turkish villages by the Russian troops in response to the Turks firing at the Russians from the villages, instead of behind rocks or trees, which must have appeared to the Russian soldiers as guerrilla attempts by the local Muslim populace upon the Russian contingencies operating against the Ottoman forces embedded in the area. During the conflict a number of Muslim buildings and cultural centres were also destroyed. A large library of old Turkish books was destroyed when a mosque in Turnovo was burned in 1877. Most mosques in Sofia were destroyed, seven of them in one night in December 1878 when "a thunderstorm masked the noise of the explosions arranged by Russian military engineers." Many villages in the Kars region were pillaged by Russian army during the war. The war in Caucasus caused many Muslims to migrate to remaining Ottoman lands, mostly in poverty and with poor conditions. Between 1878 and 1881, 82,000 Muslims migrated to the Ottoman Empire from lands ceded to Russia in Caucasus. Muslim war refugees according to census data and Ottoman official documents According to Ottoman official records, the total number of refugees from the lands ceded in 1878 to the Principality of Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Serbia, Romania and Austria-Hungary (from Bosnia) from 1876 to 1879 stands at 571,152 people: 276,389 in 1876, 198,000 in 1877, 76,000 in 1878 and 20,763 in 1879. However, it is unclear if the numbers include refugees who emigrated after the suspension of hostilities. According to the pre-war Ottoman salname of 1875, the total male Muslim population of the five vilayets to form the future Principality of BulgariaRusçuk, Vidin, Sofia, Tirnova and Varnastood at 405,450 (total population of 810,900), however, inclusive of Circassian Muhacir and Muslim Romani. The Danube vilayet census of 1874, which covered all sanjaks in the vilayet except Niš counted a total of 963,596 Muslims. The total Muslim population of the Danube Vilayet for the same year, Sanjak of Niš included, stood at 1,055,650. This number included not only Ottoman Turks, but also Crimean Tatars, Circassians, Pomaks, Romani as well as a substantial number of Albanians. At the same time, the 1876 Ottoman population records for the Sanjaks of Filibe and İslimye, which were detached from the Adrianople Vilayet to form Eastern Rumelia in 1878, indicated 171,777 male Turks and 16,353 male Muslim Romani, or total Muslim population of 376,260. This figure however included the Rhodopian kazas of Ahi Çelebi and Sultanyeri (male Muslim population of 8,197 and 13,336, respectively, or total Muslim population for both of 43,066), which remained part of in the Ottoman Empire. Without Ahi Çelebi and Sultanyeri, the Muslim population of Eastern Rumelia was 333,194. Thus, according to the Ottoman Empire's own population records, the total number of Muslims in the territories ceded by the Empire to the Principality of Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Serbia and Romania, did not exceed 1,388,844 people (1,055,650 for the Danube Vilayet and 333,194 for the Filibe and İslimye Sanjaks), a figure that is lower than the approx. 1.5 million Turks who had reportedly perished or been forced to migrate according to both Karpat and İpekwhose estimates would also necessarily mean that no Muslims whatsoever remained in either the Principality of Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Serbia or Romanian Dobruja. At the same time, the 1880 population census of the Principality of Bulgaria gave 578,060 Muslims; the 1880 population census of Eastern Rumelia indicated 174,749 Turks and 19,254 Romani (total Muslim population of 194,003); the 1880 population census of Romanian North Dobruja showed 18,624 Turks and 29,476 Crimean Tatars (total of 48,100 Muslims), while the 1880 population census of Serbia stated only 6,567 Muslims in the Niš area. Thus, as of 1880, the total number of Muslims who lived in the territories ceded by the Ottoman Empire stood at 827,000 people, down from 1,388,844 Muslims counted by the pre-war Ottoman statistics, signifying a net loss of 561,844 Muslims (40.4%). While shockingly high, this figure falls short by more than 200,000 people of Dennis P. Hupchick and Justin McCarthy's estimates of some 260,000 Muslims missing/dead and 500,000 forced to emigrate and is way more off compared to the figure of more than 750,000 Muslim casualties and victims of ethnic cleansing from the Bulgarian lands alone quoted by Douglas Arthur Howard. The Principality of Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Romania accounted for a negative net balance of 472,792 Muslims (or a net loss of 36.5%). By comparison, Serbia, the only country in the region, which did indeed engage in ethnic cleansing and forced expulsion of its Muslim population, effectively reduced its Muslim population between 1877 and 1880 from 95,619 to 6,567 people (cf. Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878), i.e., a net loss of 89,052 Muslims, or 93%. Historians' estimates about Muslim population losses 20th century historians have made different guesses about the total Muslim losses during the Russo-Turkish war. Dennis P. Hupchick and Justin McCarthy says that 260,000 people went missing and 500,000 became refugees. Turkish historian Kemal Karpat claims that 250–300,000 people, about 17% of the former Muslim population of Bulgaria, died as a consequence of famine, disease, and massacres, and 1 to 1.5 million people were forced to migrate. Turkish author Nedim İpek gives the same numbers as Karpat. Another source claims 400,000 Turks were massacred and 1,000,000 Turks had to migrate during the war. The perpetrators of those massacres are also disputed, with Justin McCarthy claiming that they were carried out by Russian soldiers, Cossacks as well as Bulgarian volunteers and villagers, though there were few civilian casualties in battle. while James J. Reid claims that Circassians were significantly responsible for the refugee flow, that there were civilian casualties from battle and even that the Ottoman army was responsible for casualties among the Muslim population. The number of Muslim refugees is estimated by R.J. Crampton to be 130,000. Richard C. Frucht estimates that only half (700,000) of the prewar Muslim population remained after the war, 216,000 had died and the rest emigrated. Douglas Arthur Howard estimates that half the 1.5 million Muslims, for the most part Turks, in prewar Bulgaria had disappeared by 1879. 200,000 had died, the rest became permanently refugees in Ottoman territories. In this connection, it is important to note that Justin McCarthy, who is the author of the estimates above and has been requoted by both Hupchik and Howard, is an Armenian Genocide denialist who has been criticised severely by many of his colleagues for whitewashing Ottoman history. Moreover, McCarthy is a member of, and has received grants from, the Institute of Turkish Studies. Throughout his career, he has been accused, among other things, of being "an apologist for the Turkish state", of having "an indefensible bias toward the Turkish official position", of selectively using sources and of always ascribing intent to non-Ottoman troops while making excuses for Ottoman ones for similar events. Against Albanians Against Bulgarians The most notable massacre of Bulgarian civilians during the Russo-Turkish War took place during the Battle of Stara Zagora in July 1877, when Gurko's forces had to retreat back to the Shipka pass. In the aftermath of the battle, Suleiman Pasha's forces burned down and plundered the city of Stara Zagora and subjected its population to indiscriminate slaughter. At the time, Stara Zagora was not only one of the biggest Bulgarian cities, but it also accommodated some 20,000 refugees from nearby villages, seeking shelter from Ottoman reprisals. The number of massacred Christian civilians in the course of the battle is estimated at between 14,000 and 14,500, which would make it the biggest war crime in modern-era Bulgaria. In addition to the massacre carried out by the Suleiman's regular forces, Circassian bashi-bazouks engaged in numerous acts of looting, plunder and killing, among other things, The Terror in Karlovo, the Kalofer massacre, the Kavarna uprising etc. etc. Moreover, Suleiman Pasha's forces also established an entire system of police and judicial terror across the entire valley of the Maritsa, where any Bulgarian who had ever in any way assisted the Russians was hanged. However, even villages that had not assisted the Russians were destroyed and their inhabitants massacred. As a result, as many as 100,000 civilian Bulgarians fled north to the Russian occupied territories. Later on in the campaign, the Ottoman forces planned to burn the town of Sofia after Gurko had managed to overcome their resistance in the passes of Western part of the Balkan Mountains. Only the refusal of the Italian Consul Vito Positano, the French Vice Consul Leandre le Gay and the Austro–Hungarian Vice Consul to leave Sofia prevented that from happening. After the Ottoman retreat, Positano even organized armed detachments to protect the population from marauders (regular Ottoman Army deserters and bashi-bazouks). Circassians in the Ottoman forces also raped and murdered Bulgarians during the 1877 Russo-Turkish war. According to Bulgarian historians, 30,000 Bulgarian civilians were killed during the war, with two-thirds of the killings being committed in the Stara Zagora area. Against Circassians Russians raped Circassian girls during the 1877 Russo-Turkish war from the Circassian refugees who were settled in the Ottoman Balkans. After the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano, the 10,000-strong Circassian minority in Dobruja was expelled. Lasting effects International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement This war caused a division in the emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement which continues to this day. Both Russia and the Ottoman Empire had signed the First Geneva Convention (1864), which made the Red Cross, a colour reversal of the flag of neutral Switzerland, the sole emblem of protection for military medical personnel and facilities. However, during this war the cross instead reminded the Ottomans of the Crusades; so they elected to replace the cross with the Red Crescent instead. This ultimately became the symbol of the Movement's national societies in most Muslim countries, and was ratified as an emblem of protection by later Geneva Conventions in 1929 and again in 1949 (the current version). Iran, which neighbored both the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire, considered them to be rivals, and probably considered the Red Crescent in particular to be an Ottoman symbol; except for the Red Crescent being centred and without a star, it is a colour reversal of the Ottoman flag (and the modern Turkish flag). This appears to have led to their national society in the Movement being initially known as the Red Lion and Sun Society, using a red version of the Lion and Sun, a traditional Iranian symbol. After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Iran switched to the Red Crescent, but the Geneva Conventions continue to recognize the Red Lion and Sun as an emblem of protection. In popular culture The novella Jalaleddin, published in 1878 by the novelist Raffi describes the Kurdish massacres of Armenians in the eastern Ottoman Empire at the time of the Russo-Turkish war. The novella follows the journey of a young man through the mountains of Anatolia. The historical descriptions in the novella correspond with information from British sources at the time. The novel The Doll (Polish title: Lalka), written in 1887–1889 by Bolesław Prus, describes consequences of the Russo-Turkish war for merchants living in Russia and partitioned Poland. The main protagonist helped his Russian friend, a multi-millionaire, and made a fortune supplying the Russian Army in 1877–1878. The novel describes trading during political instability, and its ambiguous results for Russian and Polish societies. The 1912 silent film Independența României depicted the war in Romania. Russian writer Boris Akunin uses the war as the setting for the novel The Turkish Gambit (1998). See also Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) Ottoman fleet organisation during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) Batak massacre Romanian War of Independence Harmanli massacre History of the Balkans Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria Monument to the Tsar Liberator The Turkish Gambit Serbo-Russian March References Bibliography . Further reading Baleva, Martina. "The Empire Strikes Back. Image Battles and Image Frontlines during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878." Ethnologia Balkanica 16 (2012): 273–294. online Dennis, Brad. "Patterns of Conflict and Violence in Eastern Anatolia Leading Up to the Russo-Turkish War and the Treaty of Berlin." War and Diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1878 (1877): 273–301. Drury, Ian. The Russo-Turkish War 1877 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012). . Isci, Onur. "Russian and Ottoman Newspapers in the War of 1877–1878." Russian History 41.2 (2014): 181–196. online Murray, Nicholas. The Rocky Road to the Great War: The Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914. Potomac Books Inc. (an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press), 2013. Neuburger, Mary. "The Russo‐Turkish war and the ‘Eastern Jewish question’: Encounters between victims and victors in Ottoman Bulgaria, 1877–8." East European Jewish Affairs 26.2 (1996): 53–66. Stone, James. "Reports from the Theatre of War. Major Viktor von Lignitz and the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78." Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift 71.2 (2012): 287–307. online contains primary sources Todorov, Nikolai. "The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and the Liberation of Bulgaria: An Interpretative Essay." East European Quarterly 14.1 (1980): 9+ online Yavuz, M. Hakan, and Peter Sluglett, eds. War and diplomacy: the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878 and the treaty of Berlin (U of Utah Press, 2011) Yildiz, Gültekin. "Russo-Ottoman War, 1877–1878." in Richard C. Hall, ed., War in the Balkans (2014): 256–258 online. External links . . . . . Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). Historical photos. Video links 130 years Liberation of Pleven (Plevna) . . . Conflicts in 1877 Conflicts in 1878 Modern history of Bulgaria Wars involving Chechnya Wars involving Romania Wars involving Serbia Wars involving Montenegro Wars involving Bulgaria Russo-Turkish wars 1877 in Bulgaria 1878 in Bulgaria 1870s in the Ottoman Empire Modern history of Armenia Modern history of Georgia (country) Alexander II of Russia
裂叶粉背蕨（学名：）为中国蕨科粉背蕨属下的一个变种。参考文献扩展阅读 L
怎么解决考试焦虑症？孩子考试焦虑主要是对考试成绩比较在意，同时过度关注考试成绩，对成功和失败存在心理恐惧。在考试期间，应该注意不要过分在意考试成绩，同时要建立自信心，从认知上改变不好的信念。生活中也应该保证充足的睡眠，一日三餐给予充分的营养，同时不要喝刺激性的饮料和吃油炸类食物，容易刺激神经。生活中还可以通过以下几个方面缓解紧张焦虑的情绪，如深呼吸法，每天训练10分钟、20分钟可以改善紧张情绪；在考试期间遇到紧张情绪时，通过深呼吸法来调整自己对考试的担心和紧张。平时可以注重运动，通过运动放松改变自己的紧张焦虑情绪，如打球、游泳、慢跑。考试焦虑症，若严重考前焦虑应及时就医。临床建议引导考试焦虑症患儿正确认识考试，无须将分数与考试看得过于重要。同时，进行行为治疗，如生物反馈、放松训练治疗等，使患儿学会放松，降低心理压力，缓解焦虑症状。若患儿症状较严重，可选择药物治疗，若出现进食障碍可补充能量，若出现睡眠障碍可服用抗焦虑药物。平时打好学习基础，只有对所学的知识融会贯通，到考试时才会应对自如，才不会出现紧张、焦虑。在平时的学习中，尤其要注意学习效率，培养较强的时间观念。根据自己的实际情况确定符合自己的考试目标，考试目标（分数）定得太高，与自己的实际能力相距甚远时，就会加剧焦虑情绪。挑战自己的消极的自我暗示，用更加客观真实的自我认知代替。根据自己平时的习惯，找出放松自己的方法、日常生活中，每个人放松自己的方法各不相同，可以看看电视、听听音乐、打一场篮球都不失为放松自己的良好方法。进行放松训练以及系统脱敏治疗。将自己焦虑的场景，根据焦虑水平的高低，从低到高排列。然后先想想自己处于焦虑水平最低的那种场景，当产生焦虑感时，应用放松训练方法加以对抗，反复练习，直到想想这一场景时完全不紧张。然后进行下一场景的想象和放松。
The Hawaiian rail (Zapornia sandwichensis), Hawaiian spotted rail, or Hawaiian crake is an extinct species of diminutive rail that lived on Big Island of Hawaii. Taxonomy Considerable confusion has been created by the existence of two distinct forms. While it cannot be completely excluded that early specimens were collected on another island, only Oahu and Kauai seem possible given the history of the specimens' collection, and only on the latter island is a similar-sized species now known to have once existed. However, the bones from Kauai are in the upper size range of those found of sandwichensis, while the specimens of the lighter form are all of smaller birds. This bird was only the size of a Laysan rail; it may have been the bird named iao or iao, which would place its extinction at a relatively recent date. Also, there are some bones of a third species, approximately 15% larger than P. sandwichensis, found near Kailua-Kona. The generally accepted theory is that the lighter birds represent immatures, and certainly only such specimens have been described as young birds (the Hanover specimen is labeled as "juvenile"), but since the exact collection localities are not known with sufficient detail, only DNA analysis could resolve this question, particularly since the recovered bone material can also be expected to yield analyzable DNA fragments. At any rate, both light and dark birds are today treated as a single species, with five of the junior synonyms referring to the dark form. However, Rallus obscurus is something of a mystery as it is generally assumed that at the time of Gmelin's writing, the species was only known from light birds (which were described as sandwichensis on the preceding page of Gmelin's work), but he seems to have seen a specimen of his obscurus at the Leverian Museum. Etymology The native name for the bird was moho, said to refer to a small "bird that crows in the grass". The name iao or iao was claimed to refer to a moho-like but smaller bird; it is not clear whether this bird was the distinctive lighter form or the extinct unnamed small rail (see below). The bird is referenced in the old Hawaiian proverb Aohe mea nāna e hoopuhili, he moho no ka lā makani which means roughly "nothing can blow him off course, he is like a moho in the wind"; it was used to indicate admiration for an undaunted or determined person (as the bird was unable to fly, it was not affected by the wind). This is not to be confused with the taxonomical name Moho, which are the ōō; also from Hawaii and extinct, but completely unrelated birds. Description The first collections were of individuals of the lighter form, of which today 5 specimens seem to exist: in the Naturalis in Leiden (one: RMNH 87450), in the American Museum of Natural History and New York City (1)). Of the dark form, several additional individuals are present in collections in Cambridge (Museum of Natural History, 1), London (Natural History Museum, 1), Vienna, New York City (1) and Honolulu (Bishop Museum, 2). One 1778 painting by William Ellis (plate 70) depicts a light bird, possibly the Leiden specimen (which was apparently collected in late January/early February, 1779), and in more recent times, subfossil bones have also been recovered. Habitat It was a flightless bird that was apparently found in shrubland and secondary growth on abandoned fields and in times of danger had the habit of hiding in Polynesian rat burrows. Specimens are known or assumed to be from an area which roughly corresponds to the middle elevations of today's Puna district around the present settlement of Mountain View, below the primary rainforest. Extinction Specimens of the light form were collected in 1778 on the third Cook expedition; the dark form was supposedly not found at that time (but see above). Apparently, all or at least most specimens of the latter were procured over a short period around 1860 by James D. Mills, the last one in 1864. The last reliable sight record was in 1884, with a doubtful one in 1893; a dedicated search in 1887 failed to find the bird, but as it was rather cryptic, this cannot be taken as unequivocal proof that it was completely extinct by then. As neither the small Indian mongoose nor mosquitoes (which transmit fowlpox and avian malaria, both exceptionally lethal to Hawaiian endemic birds) were present on Big Island until 1883 and the 1890s, respectively, this species' extinction was probably caused by introduced European & Polynesian rats, cats and possibly dogs. Hunting, sometimes is assumed to have played a major part, but probably was not significant, as the bird was protected by a kapu, which prohibited hunting except by alii until 1819. After that, the few specimens that were collected suggest it was not extensively hunted even after the kapu were abolished. References Zapornia Extinct flightless birds Extinct birds of Hawaii Endemic birds of Hawaii Biota of Hawaii (island) Bird extinctions since 1500 Birds described in 1789 Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin Articles containing video clips
Gene P. Hamilton is an American lawyer and policymaker who served within the U.S. Department of Justice and Department of Homeland Security during the presidency of Donald J. Trump. In these positions, he played key roles in ending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, creating the Trump administration's "zero tolerance" family separation policy, and in revoking the Temporary Protected Status of immigrants from Sudan and South Sudan. Hamilton currently serves as the Vice President of America First Legal, a legal action group founded by former Trump administration officials, including Stephen Miller. In this role, he has represented the state of Texas in a lawsuit aiming to reinstate Trump-era policies that bar unaccompanied migrant children from entering the United States. He also serves as the treasurer for Citizens for Sanity, a conservative political action committee. Education and early career Hamilton was raised in Arizona. He received a Bachelor's degree from the University of Georgia, and a J.D. from the Washington and Lee School of Law in 2010. While attending law school, Hamilton interned at the Krome Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facility in Miami, Florida; upon graduation he accepted a role as an Honors Attorney at the Department of Homeland Security, eventually returning to ICE in its Office of Chief Counsel in Georgia. In 2015, Hamilton left the Department to become General Counsel to then-Senator Jeff Sessions, under whom he would later work at the Department of Justice when Sessions became the United States Attorney General. In 2016, Hamilton joined the Trump transition team, ultimately leading its immigration policy efforts. References American lawyers Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
痛经时用力按着肚子会好很多吗？痛经的现象相信很多女性都遇到过，有的女性痛经的现象不是很明显，但是有的女性痛经是症状会很严重。痛经也不单纯的只是随便痛痛，有时是腹胀痛，有时是坠胀痛，有时是抽出痉挛，而有时则像是刀绞般整个肚子都痛。那么，痛经时用力按着肚子会好很多吗？痛经并不是忍忍就能完全过去或者是就此消弭的症状，如果置之不理，很有可能就会在整个漫长的月经期内，造成反复的叨扰和折磨。除了去正规医院听取专业医师的意见外，也有一些小方法能缓解经期的不适。痛经的时候可能很多女生都会有抓狂的感觉，痛得什么都不想做，痛经的时候揉肚子可能是很多女生都会做的，而且确实是有一定的作用的，揉肚子能促进腹部的血液循环，而痛经一般就是血液不循环导致的，所以揉肚子在一定程度上是可以缓解痛经的，注意揉下腹比较好。快速止痛有一些简单的小技巧，比如说出现了痛经以后，可以揉肚子转移注意力，比如有些时候可以掐虎口穴转移注意力，这样就没有很明显的痛经，比如说摸到自己的肚子非常的寒凉，这个时候可以局部贴一个暖宝宝，或者是用我们的一些中药进行一个热敷，这样的话都是可以缓解的，还包括可以灸一下穴位，用艾灸灸一下像中极穴、关云穴、气海穴和三阴交等等这些穴位，都是可以缓解痛经的症状。综上所述，女性在月经期间一定要休息好，不能让自己太劳累了，特别是体质偏寒的女性可能痛经的症状会比较严重，平时可以多吃生姜来调理，每天早上一杯姜茶，时间长了抵抗力会增强，痛经的症状也会改善。在经期的时候不要吃生冷辛辣的食物，也尽量少碰冷水。
甲状腺癌4期能治愈吗？甲状腺癌4期发现较晚，并已发生远处转移，难以治愈，但是还是可以治愈的。然而，其治疗效果优于其他肿瘤。病人应该坚定自信，积极治疗。手术治疗:大多数晚期甲状腺癌已经扩散和转移，手术切除率不高。即使手术只是姑息性局部切除。因此，晚期甲状腺癌的治疗需要仔细考虑手术，这通常是不必要的。化疗，化疗是治疗晚期甲状腺癌的常用方法之一，但化疗能杀死癌细胞和人体正常细胞，且药物剂量不易控制。容易引起毒副作用。因此，甲状腺癌晚期化疗联合生物免疫治疗效果更佳。生物免疫治疗可以有效提高患者机体免疫能力，提升化疗的治疗效果和减轻化疗产生的不良反应。放疗，晚期甲状腺癌的治疗过程中，放疗也是比较常用的一种方法。放疗在控制局部症状，抑制癌细胞方面有很好的作用，但是放疗会使患者更加疲劳，伤害皮肤甚至脱发等一系列副作用，也会降低患者抵抗力，无法应对疾病。甲状腺癌晚期放疗联合生物免疫治疗可以有效避免放疗产生的不良反应。甲状腺癌病人共同的心理有癌症恐惧心理，担心家庭，担心病情，担心残疾，害怕给家里增加负担。部分病人有恐惧感，医护人员及家庭成员和亲戚朋友，应及时掌握病人的思想状态，耐心劝说患者不要担心病情和家庭以及是否致残，告诉患者放射治疗过程中的作用和可能的反应，使患者能够消除紧张和恐惧，从而与治疗密切配合。平时，我们需要注意自己的保健事项，并有效地治疗这种疾病。为了避免造成更多的影响，我们需要注意避免带来很大的危害，并进行有效的监管，以避免造成更多的麻烦。
子宫内膜泉体增生是什么症状？很多不孕女性都是受子宫内膜增生的影响。有很多女性自己经常会出现非经期的阴道出血的现象，这时女性就要警惕是不是已经患上了子宫内膜增生。因为子宫内膜增生的首发症状常常是阴道出血。子宫内膜增生早期症状有哪些？一、阴道出血。阴道出血是子宫内膜增生的最主要症状，它在女性不是月经期的时候也出现，所以女性如果在非经期出血，就要警惕是不是出现了子宫内膜增生。二、月经量过多。在早期出现子宫内膜增生的时候，患者往往会在月经期出血量比较多，有时候还会出现经期延长等症状。三、出现不排卵现象。由于子宫内膜增生是受到雌激素的刺激导致的，而雌激素水平跟女性体内的内分泌有很大的关系，一旦雌激素过多，女性身体内的内分泌就会出现不平衡，女性就容易出现不排卵现象。四、出现血性白带。在早期的时候，女性阴道会有分泌物增多的现象，到了后期就会渐渐有血性白带的出现或者是阴道有液体排出。从而引起发烧、腹痛等情况。五、出现尿频、尿痛。由于子宫内膜的增生压迫到膀胱导致患者出现尿频、尿痛等现象。六、会出现性生活有疼痛感。由于子宫内膜的增生，导致子宫周围组织的肿胀，从而影响到性生活的快感，在性交的时候会出现疼痛的感觉，尤其是快来月经的时候，这种疼痛就会加重。子宫内膜增生对于女性是很不利的，它对女性的生育能力也是有很大的影响，它会让胚胎没有办法在子宫内安全的着床发育。因此为了不让子宫内膜增生影响到自己，女性朋友在平时要正确的掌握子宫内膜增生的一些早期症状，才能在症状出现的时候及时判断并且就医治疗。
2016年夏季奧林匹克运动会文莱代表团參加2016年8月5日至8月21日在巴西里約热内卢举行的第三十一屆奧林匹克运动会。田径文莱有两名田径运动员获外卡名额，得以参加奥运。注 Note – 径赛运动员的预赛排名是该运动员所在小组的排名，而非总排名 Q = 直接晋级至下一轮 q = 径赛：因在所有未直接晋级选手中成绩靠前而获得剩下的晋级名额；田赛：未达到晋级标准成绩但总排名靠前 NR = 国家纪录 N/A = 该小项无此轮比赛 Bye = 轮空径赛羽毛球文莱队有一名男子羽毛球运动员获三方委员会邀请，取得奥运参赛资格。参考资料 B 2016 2016年汶萊
水晶公園（）是位於委內瑞拉首都加拉加斯的一座辦公和娛樂建築，建築高103米，有18層樓，於1977年建成，已成為該市著名的地標。參考資料加拉加斯建筑物 1977年完工建築物
My Foolish Heart may refer to: My Foolish Heart (1949 film), an American film starring Susan Hayward My Foolish Heart (2018 film), a Dutch biographical film "My Foolish Heart" (song), a 1949 popular song by Victor Young and Ned Washington, introduced in that movie My Foolish Heart (Don Friedman album), 2003 My Foolish Heart (Keith Jarrett album), 2007 My Foolish Heart (Ralph Towner album), 2017 "My Foolish Heart", a song performed by Jazmine Sullivan on her album Fearless See also Foolish Heart (disambiguation)
The October 2021 NBA G League draft was the 21st draft of the NBA G League. The Delaware Blue Coats had the first overall selection after a three-team trade involving the South Bay Lakers and Memphis Hustle. The Blue Coats selected Shamorie Ponds with the first pick. Key Draft First round Second round Third round References Draft NBA G League draft National Basketball Association lists NBA G League draft
The Hart Building, at 423-425 4th St. in Marysville, California, was built in 1927. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It has also been known as the Brown Building and as the Nagler Building. It is Maryville's only skyscraper. It was built for the Hart Brothers, of Sacramento, California. It was designed by architects Dean & Dean and built by Sacramento general contractor George Hudnutt. References National Register of Historic Places in Yuba County, California Buildings and structures completed in 1927
Don Isidro, delivered in 1939, was the second and larger of two Krupp built motor ships of De La Rama Steamship Company, Iloilo, Philippines in inter-island service. The ship was under charter by the United States Army as a transport during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. As defending forces became cut off from supply by the Japanese blockade Don Isidro was one of eight ships, only three of which were successful, known to make an attempt to run the blockade. In that attempt, under her captain Rafael J. Cisneros, Don Isidro became involved in the 19 February Japanese attack on Darwin, Australia where, though not in the port, she was strafed, bombed and left off Bathurst Island burning with all lifeboats destroyed. The captain attempted to make land when she grounded about three miles off Melville Island to which survivors swam. Of the sixty-seven crew and sixteen soldiers aboard eleven of the crew and one soldier were killed or missing. Survivors were rescued by HMAS Warrnambool, taken to Darwin, treated at the hospital and then awaited orders at the 147th Field Artillery camp. Before the war Don Isidro was constructed 1939 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft A. G., Kiel, Germany for the inter-island passenger service of the De La Rama Steamship Company in Philippine waters. She was a diesel motor ship with two nine cylinder turbocharged engines driving two screws for a speed of twenty knots. The day after Great Britain and France declare war with Germany Don Isidro was subject of an incident at Port Said on September 5, 1939, as she cleared the Suez Canal on her maiden voyage from Kiel to Manila. British authorities removed from the ship two German engineers, sailing with the vessel to provide training and technical support, provoking a diplomatic protest from the United States "as illegal and a violation of the neutral rights of the United States" on the day after President Roosevelt proclaimed that neutrality. The British explanation was unsatisfactory to the Department of State but was considered closed "on the assumption that similar instances will not be permitted to occur in the future." Over the next twenty-six months Don Isidro, along with the smaller and slightly older Don Esteban were noted as the luxury vessels of inter-island passenger service. Then that war caught up again with the 7 December 1941 (Hawaii time) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines only hours later on 8 December (Philippine time). Wartime operations Whatever the movements of Don Isidro between Manila being evacuated and being declared an open city on 23 and 26 December 1941 respectively the ship had come under the War Shipping Administration, allocated to U.S. Army charter on 11 January 1942 at Fremantle, and was in Brisbane, Australia being loaded with rations and ammunition on 22 January 1942 when defenders were ordered to withdraw from the Abucay-Mauban line to final defense lines in Bataan. She left Brisbane on a "special mission" at 1.45 p.m., 27 January 1942 "bound for Corregidor" seeking to supply forces still on Bataan. The ship's location in Brisbane was no coincidence. Supplies and ships were being sent to the Netherlands East Indies from Brisbane as the Malay Barrier concept was still alive and the port had been the first stop for a number of ships diverted to Australia with the invasion of the Philippines. Significant supplies, particularly munitions, were already there or on the way from there to Java which was closest to the besieged forces in the Philippines and small, fast blockade running vessels were presumed to be readily available there. Even the prototype seaplane, the Navy's XPBS-1, had been sent to Australia and onward to Java with critical aircraft parts and a rush order of torpedo exploders from San Diego—and on departure from Pearl 30 January General Patrick Hurley with a bag of cash to add to that dispatched already for procurement locally of vital supplies. Ships of the Pensacola convoy and SS President Polk had been diverted first to Brisbane and then with supplies and munitions intended for the forces in the Philippines to Java. Polk had arrived there 12 January 1942 with 55 P-40E and 4 C-53 aircraft including 55 pilots, 20 million .30 caliber, 447,000 .50 caliber, 30,000 three inch AA and 5,000 75 mm rounds of ammunition along with five carloads of torpedoes, over 615,000 pounds of rations and 178 officers and men in addition to the pilots and herself was heading to Java when Don Isidro was loading and departing for the same destination. At Brisbane Don Isidro was provided defense in the form of a detachment from the 453d Ordnance (Aviation) Bombardment Company of fifteen men under Second Lieutenant Joseph F. Kane, winner of the command by a coin toss. That unit had been embarked aboard the naval transport USS Republic (AP-33) in the Pensacola convoy. The soldiers armed the ship with five .50-caliber heavy machine guns on improvised mounts. Captain Cisneros, even as Coast Farmer was readying to leave Brisbane on the same mission, took the ship south around Australia to Fremantle on the west coast for engine repairs, fuel and water before setting out for Batavia for instructions on the run to Corregidor. Science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard, then Lieutenant in the US Navy, was disciplined for his role in routing the Don Isidro around the south of Australia, "three thousand miles out of her way". Arriving there on 9 February 1942 the entire plan was unraveling as Japanese forces take Tengah airfield and make an additional landing on the island of Singapore as well as begin movements toward Sumatra. Meeting U.S. Navy representatives 10 February, as the situation in Singapore worsens and Japanese are conquering Borneo and the Celebes, the plan is changed with Don Isidro joining a British escorted convoy later that day in passage through Sunda Strait to the Indian Ocean. There the ship would separate from the convoy on the 13th and attempt a run south of Java, through the Timor Sea then through the Torres Straits and finally through the Dampier Strait east of New Guinea for the run through the Bismarck Sea and Pacific to the Philippines. As the ship was making that attempt the Japanese began landing on Sumatra 14 February, Singapore surrendered on the 15th, evacuation of forces from Sumatra to Java was completed, Bali is taken and Java is isolated on the 17th. Of note for Don Isidro's fate, the allied convoy headed to Timor escorted by the is recalled to Darwin on the 18th. The run for the Torres Strait was going without incident until an unknown destroyer and freighter were spotted on the 17th headed in the opposite direction and then on 18 February Don Isidro was attacked twice by a Japanese bomber, though without damage. That attack was decisive in the captain's decision to turn toward the friendly port of Darwin. On the morning of the 19th seven Japanese fighters strafed the ship while she was about 25 miles north of Bathurst Island. This attack holed the ship, destroyed all life boats and rafts and wounded a number of crew and defenders. In early afternoon, at about 1:30 (1330) the ship was again attacked by a single bomber and again escaped bomb damage. Loss Japanese planes returning to their carriers from the Darwin strike, where ships of the Timor convoy were then located, spotted Don Isidro with nine dive bombers, refueled and rearmed from Sōryū and Hiryū, returning with for the final attack on the ship. The result was that shortly after the ineffective single bomber's attack the ship, with no life boats or rafts as a result of the earlier fighter attack, was hit heavily damaged and set in flames. The captain attempted to beach her but was unsuccessful in reaching the island as the engines failed with the ship about three miles offshore. The attacks continued and survivors jumped overboard in an attempt to swim to the island, a process that took about ten hours. Those that reached the island arrived in scattered groups, assembled and began searching for others. They found four dead and that many were missing. In the mid-morning of 20 February H.M.A.S. Warrnambool, having rescued some of the missing crew, picked up the main body of survivors. Warrnambool, with survivors aboard approached the still burning Don Isidro searching for the missing Chief Engineer and Chief Electrician reported to be still aboard and badly burnt and wounded. The ship's deck was already under water and no survivors were found. The survivors aboard Warrnambool reached Darwin about midnight where they were treated overnight at hospital. Then they were billeted at the camp of the 147th Field Artillery awaiting orders. Eleven of the sixty-seven crew had been killed and many wounded. The killed or missing crew members were: Marino (Maximo?) Mangan – chief Engineer Loreto Jaime (Jayne?) – 2nd Engineer Mechor Jaruvilla (Melchor Jarobilla?) – 3rd Engineer Antonio Reynes – Extra engineer Federico Montralegra – Chief Electrician Raul Delagado – Machinist Antonio Cordova – Oiler Quirino Sabando – Oiler Alberto Jimena (Jamenen?)- Oiler Agapito Masangkay (Acapito Masankay?) – Pantryman Amado Logno (Longo?) Eight of the men of the defense detachment were wounded, some severely, and the detachment's commander, Second Lieutenant Kane, died of gangrene in hospital at Darwin. He, posthumously, and the fifteen enlisted men of the detachment received Purple Hearts. A footnote in the Ordinance history pertaining to the detachment reads: (1) History of Ord Sec, USASOS, 23 Dec 41- 2 Sep 42. (2) Rad, Melbourne to AGWAR, No. 311, 22 Feb 42, AG 381 (11-27-41) Sec 2C.. (3) Rpt of Ord Activities, USAFIA, Feb–May 42, OHF. (4) Official History of Headquarters USASOS, December 1941 – June 1945 (hereafter cited as History USASOS), pp. 92–93, and chs. Viii-xi. (5) Lieutenant Kane received the Purple Heart posthumously. All of the enlisted men of the 453d Ordnance (Aviation) Bombardment Company aboard the Don Isidro also received the Purple Heart for manning their guns until they were put out of action, for extinguishing fires caused by the bomb explosions, and for helping the wounded (some despite their own wounds). GO 28, USASOS SWPA, 11 Oct 42, 98-GHQ 1-1.13. These men were among the last to receive the Purple Heart “for a singularly meritorious act of essential service,” according to AR 600-45 of 8 August 1932. Change 4 to AR 600-45, 4 September 1942, restricted the award to those wounded in action against the enemy or as a direct result of enemy action. Context in attempts to relieve the Philippines Don Isidro was one of eight Army ships known to make the attempt to run the Japanese blockade of the Philippines from Australia or the Netherlands East Indies during the largely failed attempt to supply forces on Bataan and Corrigedor. There were small blockade runners internal to the islands, a few that made the run into those besieged locations with success. Only three of the attempts from outside the islands were successful, one being Don Isidro's De La Rama sister Dona Nati. The others were Coast Farmer, making Anakan in northern Mindanao 17 February, and the Chinese ship Anhui that made Cebu City in march. The Navy managed to make some deliveries and evacuations by submarine. Wreck The remains of the Don Isidro are protected under the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976. Two relics are in the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. One is presumed to be a silver salt dish and the other a platter. Notes References References cited External links View Shipwreck – Don Isidro USAT (Australian National Shipwreck Database) History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging (Photos of Don Isidro and her engine room.) I Took The Sky Road recent reissue by Wildside Press, June 2001. 1939 ships Ships built in Kiel Passenger ships of the Philippines Merchant ships of the Philippines Ships sunk in the bombing of Darwin, 1942 South West Pacific theatre of World War II Transport ships of the United States Army Shipwrecks of the Northern Territory Merchant ships sunk by aircraft
懸州是唐代黔州都督府所屬的一個羈縻州。其轄地在今重慶市彭水縣一帶地方，是唐代招撫當地土著所設置的州縣，一般由其頭人任州官，宋代屬夔州路紹慶府。註釋唐朝的州宋朝的州
斑叶兰是什么?？斑叶兰，为兰科斑叶兰属下的一个植物种。
Shravasti is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Bhinga in the Shravasti district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Shravasti is one of five assembly constituencies in the Shravasti Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 290 amongst 403 constituencies. Election results 2022 2017 Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Ram Feran won in 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Mohammed Ramzan by a margin of 445 votes. References External links Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh Shravasti
Hayden McLean (born 20 January 1999) is an Australian rules footballer playing for in the Australian Football League (AFL). A 1.97-metre tall who can play as a ruckman or key forward, McLean began his career in the TAC Cup before a season in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was recruited by Sydney on the eve of the 2019 season as a pre-season supplemental selection, and made his AFL debut later that year. Junior career McLean attended St. Bede’s College in Mentone. He played junior football for the Beaumaris Sharks before joining the Sandringham Dragons in the TAC Cup. He also was a member of the AFL Academy – spending time at the Sydney Swans as part of the development program – and represented Vic Metro at the AFL Under 18 Championships. In 2017, McLean became Sandringham's captain and Vic Metro's vice-captain, but was overlooked in the 2017 AFL draft. He began playing in the VFL for the Sandringham Zebras, who were affiliated with AFL club St Kilda. McLean played 13 matches in 2018, averaging 5.2 marks, 10.3 hit-outs and 13.2 disposals and rucking against AFL-listed players including Matthew Leuenberger, Braydon Preuss and Zac Smith. He was also named the club's best first-year player for 2018. McLean trained with St Kilda in November, hoping to be selected in the 2018 AFL draft, and was named by Fox Sports, which considered him similar to Adelaide ruck/forward Josh Jenkins, as a likely mature-age recruit. However, he was again overlooked and moved to Adelaide to play with South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club South Adelaide in 2019. AFL career McLean was recruited by Sydney in March 2019 as a pre-season supplemental selection to cover the loss of defender Jack Maibaum to a season-ending anterior cruciate ligament injury. His recruitment also increased the club's depth of tall players after Kurt Tippett's retirement. McLean's selection was criticised by SANFL officials, as it deprived South Adelaide of an important recruit only a fortnight before their 2019 season began, leaving them unable to find a replacement in time. McLean spent most of his first season in Sydney's North East Australian Football League (NEAFL) side, before a call-up to the AFL team in round 18 – a challenging match-up rucking alongside Robbie Fox against veteran Aaron Sandilands. He played three more matches to finish the season and extended his contract with Sydney to 2020.McLean signed a 4 year contract extension to stay with the swans until 2027 2021 He kicked a career-high four goals in the Round 7 win against Geelong. Statistics Updated to the end of the 2022 season. \|- \| 2019 \|\| \|\| 41 \| 4 \|\| 0 \|\| 1 \|\| 23 \|\| 20 \|\| 43 \|\| 12 \|\| 19 \|\| 53 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 5.8 \|\| 5.0 \|\| 10.8 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 4.8 \|\| 13.3 \|\| 0 \|- \| 2020 \|\| \|\| 41 \| 6 \|\| 5 \|\| 1 \|\| 24 \|\| 14 \|\| 38 \|\| 13 \|\| 15 \|\| 14 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 4.0 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 6.3 \|\| 2.2 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 0 \|- \| 2021 \|\| \|\| 41 \| 12 \|\| 11 \|\| 6 \|\| 67 \|\| 35 \|\| 102 \|\| 53 \|\| 23 \|\| 30 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 5.6 \|\| 2.9 \|\| 8.5 \|\| 4.4 \|\| 1.9 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 1 \|- \| 2022 \|\| \|\| 2 \| 9 \|\| 11 \|\| 3 \|\| 47 \|\| 34 \|\| 81 \|\| 28 \|\| 14 \|\| 38 \|\| 1.2 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 5.2 \|\| 3.8 \|\| 9.0 \|\| 3.1 \|\| 1.6 \|\| 4.2 \|\| 0 \|- class=sortbottom ! colspan=3 \| Career ! 31 !! 27 !! 11 !! 161 !! 103 !! 264 !! 106 !! 71 !! 135 !! 0.9 !! 0.4 !! 5.2 !! 3.3 !! 8.5 !! 3.4 !! 2.3 !! 4.4 !! 1 \|} Notes References External links Living people 1999 births Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Sandringham Dragons players Sandringham Football Club players Sydney Swans players
象形花蟹蛛（学名：）为蟹蛛科花蟹蛛属的动物。分布于尼泊尔以及中国大陆的西藏等地。该物种的模式产地在尼泊尔。参考文献象形花蟹蛛
Johanne Killeen, along with her late husband, George Germon, is a chef and owner of Al Forno Restaurant in Providence, Rhode Island, which is considered the birthplace of flatbread pizza. She is also the author of two cookbooks: Cucina Simpatica: Robust Trattoria Cooking from Al Forno (1991) and On Top of Spaghetti... Macaroni, Linguine, Penne, and Pasta of Every Kind. They were both artists, graduates of the Rhode Island School of Design RISD), and looking for a way to supplement their income which led them to open Al Forno in 1980. At the time they came up with the idea, Killeen had been working at a restaurant outside Florence, Italy while George taught at RISD in Rome. She and her husband appeared on an episode of In Julia's Kitchen with Master Chefs, where they prepared dirty steak with hot Fanny sauce. Honors and awards Food & Wine instituted an annual Best New Chef honor in 1988. Killeen Was in the first group and was the only woman in the group chosen. Along with her husband, she won the Best Chef of the Northeast James Beard Award. In 2018, she was a semifinalist for the Outstanding Chef award. References American women restaurateurs American restaurateurs American women chefs Rhode Island School of Design alumni Chefs from Rhode Island American television chefs American cookbook writers James Beard Foundation Award winners Year of birth missing (living people) Living people
Diana Michele Capponi (February 22, 1953 – September 21, 2014) was a Canadian mental health activist, psychiatric survivor, and community leader. Early life Capponi was born in Montreal, Quebec, the youngest sister of writer and activist Pat Capponi. Both sisters described an abusive home, which they left as young women. In 1984, she graduated from a police training program at Centennial College in Toronto. "Going to college was the most significant thing I could have done to change my life," she said later. Career Diana Capponi dropped out of school, traveled to India, and became addicted to heroin. Back in Canada, she moved to Toronto, Ontario, where two of her sisters lived. Her sister Pat helped her find housing in Parkdale and rehabilitation. She worked at a women's shelter, and then at a cleaning service. She founded the Ontario Council of Alternative Businesses (OCAB), to create economic opportunities for psychiatric survivors. She served on the board of directors at the Gerstein Centre in Toronto. In 2003, Capponi became coordinator of the new Employment Works program at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH). In this position she continued her earlier work, building businesses and careers with survivors of addiction and mental illness. She consulted on similar projects and on mental health policy across Canada, and internationally. "Current research indicates that there is absolutely no correlation between a person's mental health diagnosis and their ability to work. If you can do the job, then you can do the job, period," she explained. Capponi appeared in a National Film Board of Canada documentary, Working Like Crazy (1999), and in a television program, Second Chance: Making It Work (2005). In 2009, she testified about employment and mental health before a committee of the Canadian Parliament. Personal life Capponi identified herself as a psychiatric survivor. She married Brenda Needham in 2003; they stopped living together in 2009, but remained close. Capponi died in 2014, from metastatic breast cancer, at age 61, in Toronto. In 2015 there was a tribute night held to raise funds for the Diana Capponi Education Fund. References External links David Reville's 2009 interview with Diana Capponi, on YouTube. 1953 births 2014 deaths Anglophone Quebec people Deaths from breast cancer Deaths from cancer in Ontario Canadian disability rights activists Mental health activists Mental health in Canada Centennial College alumni Activists from Montreal Activists from Toronto Canadian women activists
《馮象譯本》，是馮象參考古今各家的評註及幾種現代西方語言譯本翻譯的聖經的中文譯本。馮象自稱非基督教信徒，也不是宗教學學者，譯經不是為了賺錢或傳教，而是純粹為興趣。目前馮象已將舊約聖經的《摩西五經》、《智慧書》、《先知書》，及《新約》譯註付梓。2013年完成對《摩西五經》的修訂，修訂逾五千處。譯本背景馮象認為，原文聖經文字特色為「樸素、聖潔、雄健而熱烈」，他希望自己的譯本能達到這個目標。他認為中國目前沒有這樣的文字，包括所有的舊中譯本均失卻了這種文字，因此翻譯目的之一是為了豐富中文的思想表達。此外，馮象強調以純學術及文學的角度翻譯，希望改變眾多中譯本中的缺憾，包括漏譯、誤譯、病譯、病句等舛誤導致中譯聖經無文學性、歪曲了聖經原文原意、原文優點盡失等等不甚理想的狀況。馮象譯本舊約部分所據底本採用 Kittel-Kahle 傳統本（BHS，1976），新約部分 Nestle-Aland 匯校本（NA27，1993）。亦有報導称馮象譯本譯自英文。翻譯過程中參考了其他譯本如希臘語七十士本、拉丁語通行本、德語路德本、英語欽定本（KJV，1611）、法語聖城本、猶太社本（Tanakh，JPS 1985）以及中譯本如國語和合本和思高譯本。特色講究譯文之文筆。在確保譯文「信」的同時，力求保留音感語調。為了表達原文聖經的原意，譯文有時並不符合當代漢語流通的表達方式，部分更是文言白話混雜。註釋採用插注的形式。重要的文字校勘，異文異讀，修辭釋義，文本片斷均於插注中說明。專有名詞不少新譯，例如約一45耶穌的門徒拿但業譯作納丹列，太一5路得之子俄備得譯作俄貝。部分譯意而不譯音，例如以掃別名以東譯作紅哥，基杜拉譯作香娘，創三十二3瑪哈念譯作雙營，創三24基路伯譯作神獸。譯者認為流通的中譯有不恰當之處，在插注中說明。其餘多採和合本的譯法，聖名仍舊用「耶和華」。版本冯象译注的圣经首先由牛津大学出版社出版香港正体字版，目前已有《摩西五经》（2006年出版）、《智慧书》（2008年出版）、《新约》（2010年出版）三册。大陆简体字版《摩西五经》、《智慧书》经译者修订后分别于2013、2016年由生活·读书·新知三联书店出版，2017年又以《以赛亚之歌》的书名在大陆同一出版社出版《以赛亚书》的译文。評論香港聯合聖經公會的翻譯顧問黃錫木博士在2007年一篇簡評推薦馮氏的譯註：「無論是翻譯的準確性、學術的敏銳力、文學上的造詣，現存的中譯本沒有一部能及得上馮象先生的譯註」，但在2010年一篇學術專文對馮氏翻譯的準確性以及其「在聖經研究範疇上的處理方法，包括處理異文的原則和釋經問題，以及他對這門學問的斷言和自恃」都有保留。黃錫木更認為和合本修訂本的準確性不會比馮象版本低。爭議聖經學者張達民指出，雖然馮象的譯文是難得的佳譯，文學造詣極深，但夾於譯文中的釋義插注，多處抄襲了英語版《新耶路撒冷聖經》（New Jerusalem Bible），卻沒有在書中明確披露，認為「馮象借用NJB，是鐵證如山，不是偶一為之，而是系統性的現象（單是馬太福音也有幾十個顯而易見的例子……）」，並且懷疑譯文並非如其所言，全部從原文翻譯：「除了插注以外，馮象的譯文也處處見到NJB的影子，令人懷疑他究竟有多少是按原文翻譯，有多少是在翻譯NJB。」基督教人文學會也聲稱“發現馮象有令人震驚的抄襲”。“馮象譯經源流攷”網站陸續列出極其大量馮象轉譯自NJB的例子。参考文献引用书籍《摩西五經》（馮象譯註牛津大學出版社 2006年；譯文修訂版 2013年）《智慧書》（馮象譯註牛津大學出版社 2008年）《新約》（馮象譯註牛津大學出版社 2010年；修訂版 2019年）《先知書》（馮象譯註牛津大學出版社 2020年）《历史书》（馮象譯註牛津大學出版社 2021年）《創世記：傳說與譯註》 (江蘇人民出版社，2004年) 《寬寬信箱與出埃及記》 (生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2006年) 《创世记（修订本）》 (生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2012年) 《摩西五经》 (生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2013年) 《智慧书》 (生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2016年) 《以赛亚之歌》 (生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2017年) 《圣诗撷英》 (生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2017年) 网页馮象：雅各之井的大石——《摩西五經》前言馮象：誰寫了摩西五經？——《摩西五經》譯序馮象：神的靈與言啊，誰最能誘騙世人——答彭倫高峰楓：譯經‧釋經‧尊經——評馮象《創世記傳說與譯註》《書城》2004年第12期劉紹銘：代有才人出王礽福：馮象譯註《摩西五經》, 廿一世紀期刊, 第101期, 146-151pp. (2007.3) 黃錫木：一部非信徒翻譯的聖經──評馮象譯註《摩西五經》馮象：上帝甚麼性別馮象：《智慧書》前言馮象：唱一支錫安的歌──《智慧書》譯序馮象：褔哉，苦靈的人——《新約》前言張達民：文學氣象與學術假象──評馮象譯註的《新約》（之一）馮象：譴責張達民張達民：文學氣象與學術假象──評馮象譯註的《新約》（之二）張達民：文學氣象與學術假象──評馮象譯註的《新約》（之三）張達民：文學氣象與學術假象──評馮象譯註的《新約》（之四）張達民：文學氣象與學術假象──評馮象譯註的《新約》（之五）張達民：回應馮象〈譴責張達民〉馮象：和合本該不該修訂張達民：回應馮象〈和合本該不該修訂〉《中文聖經翻譯史》(聖經．中文．翻譯) 《馮象譯本》(聖經．中文．翻譯) 圣经汉语译本
请描述满江红的分布区域？满江红科只有1属、6种，均为水生蕨类植物，几乎遍布于世界各地的淡水水域中。中国原产的只有满江红一种，主要分布在秦岭淮河以南各地，河南、山东等地水域亦有分布。
2022年世界田径锦标赛男子200米比赛于2022年7月18日至21日在尤金的海沃德田徑場举行。概括本届世錦賽百米冠軍弗雷德·克利在半决赛抽筋，他未能夠晉級決賽。東京奥运会金牌得主安德烈·德格拉斯退出比賽，擁有歷史第二快成績的牙買加老將約安·布雷克在半决赛退賽。18岁的埃里扬·奈顿在賽前保持著本賽季世界最好成績19.49秒。亚历山大·奥甘多在第一輪預賽就创造了新的多米尼加纪录。卫冕冠军诺亚·莱尔斯以及東京奧運200米銀牌得主肯尼·贝德纳雷克均成功晉級決賽。在决赛中，莱尔斯改善了以往起步慢的問題，在進入直道前便已經確立了領先優勢，加上一向强勢的後程能力。莱尔斯在進入直道後持續擴大領先優勢，贝德纳雷克以及奈顿也加快了速度。法恩布尔通過强大的後程能力拉近了與美國三人組的距離，但也無法阻止三人組橫掃領獎臺。最終莱尔斯以19.31秒的成績打破了迈克尔·约翰逊的美国纪录获得了金牌，並成为有史以来第三快的200米運動員。贝德纳雷克和奈顿分別獲得銀牌及銅牌，奈頓也因此成爲獲得此項項目獎牌年齡最低的運動員。紀錄賽前比賽紀錄如下：資格標準自動進入世錦賽資格的標準成績是20.24秒。日程当地时间（UTC-7）的活动时间表如下：结果预赛每个预赛的前3名运动员（ Q ）和接下来的3个最快成績 ( q ) 晋级半決賽。風速：预赛 1：+1.0 m/s，预赛 2：0.0 m/s，预赛 3：+2.1 m/s，预赛 4：+0.5 m/s，预赛 5：+0.4 m/s，预赛 6：+1.0 m /s，预赛 7：-0.3 m/s 半决赛每个预赛的前2名运动员（ Q ) 和接下来的2名最快 ( q ) 有资格进入决赛。風速：半决赛 1：-0.1 m/s，半决赛 2：+1.1 m/s，半决赛 3：+0.3 m/s 決賽決賽於7月21日19:50開始。結果如下：風速：+0.4 m/s 参考男
The Narayangarh Raj (also known as Narayangarh Kingdom) was a medieval semi - independent kingdom and later a large zamindari estate of Sadgop during British Raj in the erstwhile Midnapore district of West Bengal. The area of 126.96 square miles was under the Raja of Narayangarh, which included 387 villages. Mr. Bayley states that the family of the Raja of Narayangarh counts back for twenty - four generations, and bears the titles of 'Sri Chandan' and 'Mari Sultan'. History Narayangarh Raj of Midnapore was founded in 1264 by Gondobah Pal, also knowns as Gandharva Pal. It is said that Gandharva Pal was born in Dignagar in Ausgram, which is close to Amragarh. The Narayangarh Raja helped the Mughal prince Khurram (later Emperor Shah Jahan) when he revolted against his father. Major Chapman, who was entrusted with the task of repelling the Marathas from Midnapore, wrote a letter on 19th January, 1764 to Raja Parikshit Pal, ruler of Narayangarh of Midnapore, requesting him to supply the English army, encamping near Danton on the bank of Subarnarekha, with necessary provisions during the campaign. See also Narayangarh, Paschim Medinipur Midnapore Raj Narajole Raj References Bengali zamindars Zamindari estates Dynasties of India
埃普薩赫是瑞士的城鎮，位於該國中部，由伯恩州負責管轄，面積3.39平方公里，八成土地是農地，海拔高度465米，2011年人口336，人口密度每平方公里99人。伯恩州的市镇
《机构投资者》（Institutional Investor）是一份在美国出版的著名金融类杂志，1967年在纽约建立。主要探讨基金、银行或其他企业的投资、融资等问题。《机构投资者》在纽约、伦敦和香港都有办公大楼。链接 Official website 金融纽约市出版杂志美国月刊 1967年建立
外阴颗粒性肌母细胞瘤的并发症？可发生以下并发症：一、呼吸道颗粒性肌母细胞瘤：由于肿瘤细胞可侵犯上呼吸道和消化道，导致呼吸道同时患上颗粒型肌母细胞瘤。一般无明显症状，当肿瘤变大时可表现为上呼吸道异物感，常有流涕，鼻塞等症状。
前列腺炎增生肥大症状？前列腺炎增生是一种困扰大多男士的的非癌疾病，早期是没有明显病发症状。前列腺的主要症状为尿频、尿急、尿失禁以及夜尿增多等。但膀胱逼尿肌失代偿后，发生慢性尿潴留，膀胱的有效容量因而减少，排尿间隔时间更为缩短。若伴有膀胱结石或感染，则尿频愈加明显。排尿期症状该期症状包括排尿踌躇、排尿困难以及间断排尿等。随着腺体增大，机械性梗阻加重，患者排尿起始延缓，排尿时间延长，射程不远，尿线细而无力。小便分叉，呼吸使腹压增减，出现尿流中断及淋漓。排尿后症状该期症状包括排尿不尽，尿后滴沥等。残余尿是膀胱逼尿肌失代偿的结果。当残余尿量很大，膀胱过度膨胀且压力很高，高于尿道阻力，但在受凉、饮酒、憋尿，服用药物或有其他原因引起交感神经兴奋时。前列腺炎增生肥大症状治疗方法有以下几点：1、细菌性前列腺炎：主要治疗方法为采用药物治疗将细菌消灭，即可痊愈；2、非细菌性前列腺炎：主要表现为前列腺中出现炎症，前列腺液含白细胞。目前归结为盆腔疼痛综合征，治疗主要目的为缓解患者症状，并非消除炎症。亦可采用物理治疗法，进行冲击波治疗。部分患者可继发心理问题，可使用治疗心理疾病类药物。前列腺在日常生活和饮食应该注意以下几点：1、注意防寒，预防感冒和上呼吸道感染等。2、不能憋尿，一定要做到有尿就排，同时保持大便通畅。3、避免久坐，白天应多饮水，夜间适当减少饮水。5、及时、彻底治疗前列腺炎、膀胱炎与尿道结石症等。6、注意全身保暖，尤其是小腹、会阴部的保暖，避免坐凉凳子。7、不吃辛辣刺激性食物如辣椒、姜、咖喱、芥末、胡椒等，不饮酒。8、多吃新鲜水果、蔬菜、粗粮及大豆制品，如粳米、小米、玉米面、玉米渣、高粱米、面粉、赤小豆、绿豆、蚕豆、黄豆、黑豆等。9、多食用蜂蜜以保持大便通畅。10、有些肉类食品有利尿作用，可供前列腺疾病患者选用，如猪肉、鸡肉、白鸭肉、鲤鱼、青鱼、银鱼、黄鱼、鲈鱼等。
一致可以指：一致性 (邏輯)，指形式逻辑中的形式系统相容性。一致同意，指在一特定情況下所有的人都表示同意。一致 (語法)，指句子或詞組中的某些成分，其形式須要在一些語法範疇上保持一致。一致性质，指一致空间的在一致同构下不变的性质。线性一致性，程序在执行的历史中在存在可线性化点P的执行模型。内存一致性模型，程序在执行过程中内存操作正确性的问题。一致药业，中国一家药业公司。《一致》（），加彭國歌。参见共識，普遍同意。
Polycarpus Nelson (July 21, 1680 - December 19, 1738) was a landowner and leading citizen of Colonial New York. He held lands In Dutchess County, where he was involved in the Great Nine Partners Patent. Family and Origins Polycarpus was born to John and Hendrickje Nelson on Long Island, New York. His father was one of the original incorporators of Mamaroneck, where he was elected Constable in 1699 and Town Officer in 1702. Polycarpus was married to Ruth Gedney of the Gedney Family and together, they had 18 children. He came from the same Nelson family in England as Horatio Nelson; However, unlike other branches of the family, the New York Nelsons could not keep an unbroken line. Nelson was an ancestor of New York politician William Nelson. John Nelson, the father of Polycarpus, emigrated from the town of Norfolk between the years 1660 and 1665. The ship in which he sailed was forced, by the weather, to the coast of France, where the passengers were distributed among the French Peasantry until the ship could be repaired. John Nelson was given quarters by a French Physician named Polycarpus. Nelson offered to repay Polycarpus for his kindness, but he refused and requested that Nelson name his firstborn son Polycarpus, which Nelson did. Life Nelson was elected constable of Mamaroneck in 1712 and overseer of highways in 1719. He is listed as the sheriff of Dutchess county at the time of his death in 1738. The Nelson estate was situated on Nelson hill overlooking Mamaroneck bay. Nelson Hill, which bore the name of the father of Polycarpus, was made memorable on the day before the Battle of White Plains, when Colonel Smallwood cut off a large British force commanded by Major Robert Rogers stationed on Nelson hill. 33 years after the original Great Nine Partners Patent was issued, Nelson bought 1304 acres of land, lying on Crum-Elbow Creek in the town of Clinton, from three attorneys of David Jamison. The land which Nelson owned is now a part of the Vanderbilt National Historic Site in Hyde Park. Nelson was a signer of the declaration by the country's leading citizens in support of William and Mary and against the house of Stuart. In 1738 while Polycarpus was constable, he was killed in his tannery at Mamaroneck. He was sent to arrest one of his own employees; when a man stuck him with a tanner's cleaver, splitting his head and killing him instantly. References 18th-century American landowners
弗雷德里克·马威特（，），比利時男子羽毛球運動員。簡歷 2008年9月，弗雷德里克·马威特出戰比利時羽毛球國際賽，與沃特·克拉斯合作打進男子雙打比賽四強。 2009年3月，弗雷德里克·马威特出戰波蘭羽毛球國際賽，與沃特·克拉斯合作打進男子雙打比賽四強。同年8月，二人又參加在印度海得拉巴舉行的世界羽毛球錦標賽，在男子雙打比賽中首圈出局。9月，二人出戰比利時羽毛球國際賽，又在首圈出局；在此之後，马威特沒有再參加國際賽事，並開始擔任羽毛球教練工作。主要比賽成績只列出曾進入準決賽的國際賽事成績：奧運會和世錦賽參賽紀錄參考資料比利時羽毛球運動員
The Martin Luther King Memorial Prize was instituted by novelist John Brunner and his wife and was awarded annually to a literary work published in the US or Britain that was deemed to improve interracial understanding, "reflecting the ideals to which Dr. Martin Luther King dedicated his life". As of 1984, the author of the winning work was awarded £100 (). Brunner died in 1995, and it is uncertain if the award has continued. Winners of the prize have included: Because They're Black (1972) by Derek Humphry and Gus John Black and White: The Negro and English Society (1975) by James Walvin A Dry White Season (1980) by André Brink In a Dark Time (1984) edited by Nicholas Humphrey and Robert Lifton The Heart of the Race: Black Women's Lives in Britain (1985) by Beverley Bryan, Stella Dadzie and Suzanne Scafe The European Tribe (1987) by Caryl Phillips Behind the Frontlines: Journey into Afro-Britain (1988) by Ferdinand Dennis. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63 (1988) by Taylor Branch, 1989 MLK Prize (and 1989 Pulitzer Prize for History) References British literary awards
吉良吉田站（）是位於愛知縣西尾市吉良町吉田船戶，名古屋鐵道（名鐵）的車站。車站編號為GN13。所有列車均停此站。概要此站為西尾線和蒲郡線的起點與終點站。從前在兩線之間互相直通運輸，運輸系統一體化。在2008年（平成20年）6月29日時間表修正後，此站把兩線的運輸系統完全分離。同時，西尾線特急列車不再駛入此站，取而代之為急行列車（西尾站至此站之間各站停車）駛入此站。蒲郡線中，所有從此站出發的列車均為一人控制，在舊三河線月台（2號月台）設有轉乘閘口。此外，在3、4號月台設有候車室，各月台設有提輪椅使用的斜道。此站的西尾線月台上為急彎，因此1000系不可使用該月台（1000系特急列車只會來往西尾站），可駛入此站的特急列車車輛包括1600系和8800系（1999年以前為7000系）。在現時的時間表中，在日間設有每小時2班的西尾線急行列車直通前往名古屋本線方向（基本上前往佐屋站或彌富站），以及每小時2班的蒲郡線一人控制普通列車，可互相進行轉乘。歷史舊・吉良吉田站西尾鐵道線（後來為名鐵西尾線）開通時同時啟用，當時名為吉良吉田站（第一代）。該車站距離現時位置0.3公里（向西尾方向）（現時在吉田公園附近）。 1915年（大正4年）8月5日 - 西尾鐵道橫須賀口（後來為附近）至吉良吉田之間開通，此站啟用。在開通時軌距為762mm與非電氣化。 1916年（大正5年）2月12日 - 吉良吉田至吉田港之間開通，成為中途站。 1926年（大正15年）12月1日 - 西尾鐵道合併至，成為愛知電氣鐵道車站。 1928年（昭和3年）10月1日 - 西尾線（舊線）西尾至吉良吉田之間600伏特直流電氣化，並改變距軌至1067mm，吉良吉田至吉田港之間廢止。 1942年（昭和17年）12月28日 - 西尾線吉良吉田（第一代）至三河吉田之間開通。 1943年（昭和18年）2月1日 - 與三河吉田站合併，此站廢止。現時・吉良吉田站（後來為名鐵三河線）開通時同時啟用，當時名為三河吉田站。 1928年（昭和3年）8月25日 - 神谷（後來為）至三河吉田之間開通，此站啟用，當時名為三河吉田。 1942年（昭和17年）12月28日 - 西尾線吉良吉田（第一代）至三河吉田之間開業。 1943年（昭和18年）2月1日 - 吉良吉田站（第一代）與三河吉田站，吉良吉田站（第一代）廢止。 1945年（昭和20年）1月13日 - 三河地震使車站受毀。 1960年（昭和35年）11月1日 - 改名為吉良吉田站（第二代，現時）。 1969年（昭和44年）7月6日 - 終止貨物服務。 1984年（昭和59年）5月 - 車站大樓火災，一部分燒毀。同年9月1日翻新。 2004年（平成16年）4月1日 - 三河線碧南至吉良吉田之間廢止。 2005年（平成17年）1月28日 - 蒲郡線直通的特急與急行，以及從此站日間出發的特急廢止。 2008年（平成20年）6月29日 - 車站可以使用交通儲值卡「」。同時西尾線與蒲郡線的直通班次廢止，此站把兩線的運輸系統完全分離。在2號月台設置轉乘閘口，蒲郡線專用月台再次使用。再沒有特急駛入此站。 2011年（平成23年）2月11日 - 車站可以使用「manaca」IC卡（只限在西尾線使用）。 2012年（平成24年）2月29日 - 交通儲值卡「Trans Pass」的服務終止，此站也不可使用其儲值卡。車站構造車站為一座地面車站，設有1面線的單式月台（2號月台蒲郡線）與2面2線的相對式月台（3、4號西尾線月台），共3面3線的混合式月台。1號月台曾經是三河線月台，現時是留置線。1、2號月台可容納3卡車廂，3、4號月台可容納4卡車廂。整日為車站職員配置車站。3、4號月台可連接蒲郡線與西尾線兩邊路軌，該兩月台建設在半俓160米的急彎。4卡車廂中第2和3號車廂，或3門車廂使用3號月台停車，在中間車門上下車時，月台與車廂的空隙會特別寬，因此上下車時需注意。車站設有自動售票機、和簡易列車資訊。車站沒有自動廣播系統，部分時間職員會進行人聲廣播。此外，在2號月台設有轉乘閘口，蒲郡線線內不可使用manaca和互相使用IC卡，因此使用該卡進行轉乘時，需要在轉乘閘口聯絡車站職員。西尾線的3、4號月台與蒲郡線2號月台，兩組月台呈現一個鋭角結構。舊三河線的線路中，部分成為留置線。舊三河線（碧南方向）月台中，在2004年廢止後有一段時間封閉月台，不可進入。在現時只有蒲郡線的列車使用。由於西尾線和蒲郡線的沒有直通運輸，因此在月台站名牌中，在鄰近車站的其中一邊為空白（由於為了列車檢査與車輛交替，兩線的路軌仍然連接著，止衝擋只設於1、2號月台碧南方向）。在2號月台中，止衝擋旁設有一個平交道，該平交道為2004年廢止的舊三河線遺物。當2號月台的蒲郡線列車到達時，警報機會響，遮斷機會落下，但是通常列車是不會通過該平交道。配線圖使用狀況在《》中提及在2013年度，當時1日平均上下車人次為2,748人，為名鐵所有車站（275站）排名第153，西尾線、蒲郡線（23站）中排名第7。在《》中提及在1992年度，當時1日平均上下車人次為2,988人，為除岐阜市內線均一車費區間內各站（岐阜市內線、田神線、美濃町線徹明町站至琴塚站之間）外名鐵所有車站（342站）中排名第144，西尾線、蒲郡線（24站）排名第6，三河線（38站）排名第13。在《》中提及在2010年度1日平均乘車人次為1,308人。以下為近年1日平均乘車人次的列表：車站周邊西尾市政廳吉良分所（前：吉良町政廳）吉良吉田郵局吉田分店吉良分店西尾市立吉田小學宮崎海灘惠比壽海灘吉田港巴士路線在三河線碧南站至吉良吉田站之間廢止的替代巴士，該巴士路線由舊沿線自治體組成的運行協議會，再委託巴士公司運行。相鄰車站名古屋鐵道西尾線急行、■普通上橫須賀（GN12）－吉良吉田（GN13）蒲郡線 ■普通吉良吉田（GN13）－三河鳥羽（GN14）曾經存在的路線名古屋鐵道三河線－吉良吉田注腳相關條目日本鐵路車站列表 Ki 外部連結 rayoshida 西尾線車站名古屋鐵道轉乘車站蒲郡線車站 1928年啟用的鐵路車站西尾市鐵路車站三河線車站吉田臨港線車站
请描述鼻炎的辅助检查方法？基本检查:1．前鼻镜检查。2．X线鼻安照片明确有无并发鼻窦感染。进一步检查：1．鼻腔分泌物涂片检测致病菌。2．鼻腔分泌物细菌培养+药敏。3．必要时病毒检查，需特殊培养、分离与鉴定。
Solomon Andrews (February 15, 1806 – October 17, 1872) was a doctor, aviator and dirigible airship inventor. Andrews invented an airship called Aereon which received some notice in the 1860s. He claimed to sail it as one would a sailboat. Mention is made of the movement of pilot and passenger fore and aft in the basket to control attitude. He was a medical doctor and three times Mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey. He served as the health officer of Perth Amboy, New Jersey and supervised the construction of the city's first sewer system. He served as the Collector of the Port of New Jersey in Perth Amboy from 1844 to 1845. Biography Solomon was born on February 15, 1806, in Herkimer, New York to Josiah Bishop Andrews and Mary Bissell. He received his medical degree from Rutgers Medical School in 1827. Later, Andrews would go on to marry Harriet Johnson. In 1849, Solomon won election and served the Mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey for three different, inconsecutive terms. He was elected again in 1853 and again in 1855. Solomon Andrew's daughter, Harriet Cornelia Andrews, married Frederick S. Hilton on June 15, 1858. Later in his life in 1863, Solomon's airship, Aereon, would fly for the first time. He would also live to see his second one fly too in 1866. Solomon Andrews died on October 17, 1872, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. His widow died in 1881. Airships His first "Aereon" flew over Perth Amboy on June 1, 1863. This had three 80-foot cigar-shaped balloons, with a rudder and gondola. Buoyancy was controlled by jettisoning sand ballast or releasing hydrogen lift gas. Dr. Andrews wrote Abraham Lincoln later that summer offering the Aereon for use in the American Civil War, during which he served for a time as a volunteer surgeon with the Union Army. After much discussion, he arranged a demonstration early in 1864 before the Smithsonian Institution. He was informed, nearly a year later, that the Government had little interest in his invention, and by that time the war was nearly over. Andrews then organized the Aerial Navigation Company to build commercial Airships and establish a regular line between New York and Philadelphia. The "Aereon #2" had one "lemon-shaped" balloon, sharply pointed at the ends. It controlled buoyancy with a system of lines and pulleys that compressed the gas or allowed it to expand. This flew over New York City on May 25, 1866 and June 5, 1866. The second trip, carrying a passenger-assistant (a news reporter had to be left out at the last minute because of weight problems) ended at Oyster Bay, Long Island. At this point, the post-war economic collapse and its bank failures destroyed the company, and he never flew again. The difference of specific gravity between the balloon and the surrounding atmosphere could be converted by a system of inclined planes to steer the craft without a motor. He referred to his propulsion as "gravitation." The craft was not normally trimmed to be neutrally buoyant. Instead it would be cycled between positive and negative buoyancy. The resulting airflow across the body of the craft and attached airfoils would propel it. Other inventions Andrews also invented a sewing machine, a barrel making machine, fumigators, forging presses, a kitchen range, a gas lamp, a nicotine-filtering pipe, rekeying and a padlock which has been used by the U.S. Post Office since 1842. Legacy The Aereon Corporation attempted, in New Jersey in 1969, to replicate and improve on the airship designs of Solomon Andrews. This was written about in the book "The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed," by John McPhee (). This book and Andrews' work provided the inspiration for development of the Hyperblimp, and various embodiments of an underwater gliding toy, by inventor Daniel Geery. Notes External links New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame page on 1992 Pioneer inductees ... incl. Solomon Andrews (1806-1872) hyperblimp, Daniel Geery, 2007 Solomon Andrews at Kook Science "He Flew an Airship Before the Wrights Were Born!", Roger B. Whitman, Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 120, No. 1, January 1932. 19th-century American inventors Aviation inventors American balloonists Airship designers Mayors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey 1806 births 1872 deaths 19th-century American politicians Inventors from New York (state) Inventors from New Jersey
马殷庙位于中国广西壮族自治区賀州市富川瑶族自治县朝东镇福溪村，是祭祀五代十国时期楚王马殷的庙宇，2006年被列为第六批全国重点文物保护单位。马殷庙由马楚大王庙、马楚都督庙组成，两者之间建有风雨桥。马楚大王庙始建于明洪武二十九年（1396年），原址在村北，清道光二十八年（1848年）迁至现址。马楚都督庙始建于明永乐十一年（1413年），清代多次维修扩建，由大殿、戏台和戏坪组成，大殿又称百柱庙。两庙之间有溪水相隔，建有风雨桥名为钟灵桥。参考文献广西全国重点文物保护单位广西庙宇贺州文物保护单位贺州宗教建筑富川瑶族自治县马殷 1396年建立 1413年建立
肠肿瘤的早期症状？一般进展期肠癌可以有以下症状：便血，黏液便，脓血便，腹泻，便秘，或者两者交替出现，腹部包块，腹痛，肠梗阻症状，以及慢性消耗症状等。一般确诊最简单的办法就是做个肠镜检查。1、大肠癌是恶性肿瘤疾病的一种，一般这个病的患者都会有明显的腹胀腹痛的情况出现的，这是因为肠道功能出现问题导致的，而且这个病得不到很好的治疗和控制病情会越来越严重的，患者还会出现呕吐的情况，这是大肠癌疾病的明显症状。2、大肠癌的患者还有一个明显的病症就是大便有血，可能不严重的时候大便会有血丝出现的，但是病情严重了肛门的地方就会有暗红色的血流出的，是那种大便和血液分泌的那种，问题是非常严重的，这也是大肠癌早期的症状之一。3、大肠癌的患者会有头晕难受的症状出现的，也就是贫血的情况，这是因为总是大便出血漫长的失血导致的症状，因为大肠的部位出现了肿瘤，这样肠管就会狭窄的，甚至会出现溃疡还有糜烂的情况，这也是大肠癌的症状。4、大肠癌的患者会有腹泻严重的情况出现的，也就是大便的习惯发生了改变，每天上厕所的次数是越来越多了，而且是大便不多，甚至会没有的，只是一点点的粘液而已，问题是非常严重的，所以便秘还有腹泻都是大肠癌的症状呢。早期肠癌早期多无症状。随着肿瘤的增大和病情的继续进展，才显露出症状。实际在临床上已出现症状的患者，其局部病变已往往明显严重，甚至到了晚期。晚期肠癌肠癌一旦进入晚期，可出现较明显的症状，但有些症状并非特异，且与癌肿所在的部位有关。右侧结肠癌主要表现为消化不良，乏力，食欲不振，腹泻，便秘，或便秘、腹泻交替出现，腹胀，腹痛，腹部压痛，腹部包块，进行性贫血。包块位置随病变位置而异。
Adolf Leevald (also Adolf Levald; 1893 Varbola Parish – 1938) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 7 April 1922. He replaced Jaak Jakobson. On 29 September 1922, he was removed from his position and he was replaced by Jaan Tomp. References 1893 births 1938 deaths Members of the Riigikogu, 1920–1923
The Scenic Trail is an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2013. It runs every year in Lugano (Switzerland) in June. The race was valid in 2017 for the Skyrunner World Series. Races Scenic Trail M100 Hyper, an Ultra SkyMarathon (167 km / 11,560 m vertical climb) Scenic Trail K113 Ultra, an Ultra SkyMarathon (119 km / 7,600 m vertical climb) Scenic Trail K54 Trail, a SkyMarathon (54 km / 3,650 m vertical climb) Scenic Trail K27 Skyrunning, a SkyRace (27 km / 2,200 m vertical climb) Scenic Trail K18 Walking, a not competitive mini SkyRace (18 km / 1150 m vertical climb) Scenic Trail K4 VK, a Vertical Kilometer (4.5 km / 880 m vertical climb) Results See also Skyrunner World Series References External links [scenictrail.ch Official web site] Skyrunning competitions Skyrunner World Series Trail running competitions Athletics competitions in Switzerland Lugano
肾石通冲剂药理作用？全方配伍了具有调整尿液的PH值，适于草酸钙、尿酸、尿酸盐、胱氨酸结石的溶化与排出的多味中药，是化石排石，主治泌尿系结石的中成药方剂。
木津光束介（学名：）为粗面介科光束介屬下的一个种。参考文献 M
I-29, code-named Matsu (松, Japanese for "pine tree"), was a B1 type submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II on two secret missions with Germany. She was sunk while returning from the second mission. Construction This was the most numerous class of Japanese submarines – almost 20 were built, of which only one () survived. These boats were fast, had a long range, and carried a seaplane, launched via a forward catapult. The keel of I-29 was laid on 20 September 1939 at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal and launched on 29 September 1940. She was commissioned on 27 February 1942, into the 14th submarine squadron under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later Captain) Izu Juichi (伊豆壽市). Yanagi missions The Yanagi missions fell under the Tripartite Pact which provided for an exchange of personnel, strategic materials and manufactured goods between Germany, Italy and Japan. Initially, cargo ships were used to make the exchanges, but when that was no longer possible submarines were used. Few submarines attempted this trans-oceanic voyage during World War II: (April 1942), (June 1943), (October 1943) and the German submarines (August 1943) and (May 1945). Of these, I-30 was sunk by a mine and I-34 by the British submarine . Later, the famous Japanese submarine would also share their fate. In 1945 the German U-234 had completed part of the voyage to Japan when news of Germany's surrender to the Allies was announced, and the submarine was intercepted and boarded off Newfoundland; this marked the end of the German-Japanese submarine exchanges. Service history Missions I-29 participated in missions supporting the Operation Mo attack on Port Moresby in New Guinea, and also in the futile search for Task Force 16 which had launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo in April 1942. I-29s reconnaissance of Sydney harbour on 23 May 1942 resulted in the attack on Sydney Harbour by Japanese midget submarine First exchange In April 1943, I-29 was tasked with a Yanagi mission. She was commanded by Captain Masao Teraoka, submarine flotilla commander – indicating the importance of the trip. She left Penang with a cargo that included two tons of gold as payment from Japan for weapons technology. She met Fregattenkapitän Werner Musenberg's Type IXD-1 U-boat, on 26 April 1943 off the coast of Mozambique. During this meeting that lasted over 12 hours due to bad weather, the two submarines swapped several important passengers. U-180 transferred Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a leader of the Indian Independence Movement who was going from Berlin to Tokyo, and his adjutant, Abid Hasan. I-29 in turn transferred two Japanese Navy personnel who were to study U-boat building techniques in Germany: Commander (later posthumously promoted to rear admiral) Emi Tetsushiro, and Lieutenant Commander (later posthumously promoted to captain) Tomonaga Hideo (who was later connected with the German submarine ). Both submarines returned safely to their bases. I-29 landed her important passengers at Sabang on Weh Island, located to the north of Sumatra on 6 May 1943, instead of Penang, to avoid detection by British spies. Bose and Hasan's transfer is the only known record of a civilian transfer between two submarines of two different navies in World War II. Second exchange On December 17, 1943, I-29 was dispatched on a second Yanagi mission, this time to Lorient, France, under star Japanese submarine Commander Takakazu Kinashi Japan's highest-scoring submarine "ace". At Singapore she was loaded with 80 tons of raw rubber, 80 tons of tungsten, 50 tons of tin, two tons of zinc, and three tons of quinine, opium and coffee. In spite of Allied Ultra decrypts of her mission, I-29 managed to reach Lorient on 11 March 1944. On her way she was refueled twice by German vessels. Also, she had three close brushes with Allied aircraft tracking her signals. One of which was an attack by six RAF aircraft including two Mosquito F Mk. XVIII fighters equipped with 57 mm cannon from No. 248 Squadron RAF off Cape Peñas, Bay of Biscay, at , and the protection provided to her during the entry into Lorient by the Luftwaffe's only long range maritime fighter unit, V Gruppe/Kampfgeschwader 40 using Junkers Ju 88s. At least one Ju 88 was shot down by British fighters over Spanish waters. The Kriegsmarine also provided an escort of two destroyers and two torpedo boats. She left Lorient 16 April 1944 for the long voyage home with a cargo of 18 passengers, torpedo boat engines, Enigma coding machines, radar components, a Walter HWK 509A rocket engine, and Messerschmitt Me 163 and Messerschmitt Me 262 blueprints for the development of the rocket plane Mitsubishi J8M. After an uneventful trip she arrived at Singapore on 14 July 1944, disembarking her passengers, though not the cargo. Sinking On her way back to Kure, Japan, she was attacked at Balintang Channel, Luzon Strait, near the Philippines by Commander W. D. Wilkins' "Wildcats" submarine task force: , and , using Ultra signal intelligence. During the evening of 26 July 1944, she was spotted by Sawfish which fired four torpedoes at her. Three hit I-29, which sank immediately at . Only one of her crewmen survived. Kinashi was honored by a rare two-rank posthumous promotion to rear admiral. Media I-29 is the submarine shown in the 2004 Bollywood film Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero where Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose travels with the German submarine U-180 around the Cape of Good Hope to the southeast of Madagascar, where he is transferred to the I-29, greeted aboard by her captain Masao Teraoka and continues the rest of the journey to Imperial Japan. Notes Citations Sources Paterson, Lawrence. Hitler's Grey Wolves: U-Boats in the Indian Ocean., Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2004, , 287 pgs. Chapter II Further reading Miller, Vernon. Analysis of Japanese Submarine Losses to Allied Submarines in World War II, Merriam Press Original Publication, 36 pgs. Boyd, Carl and Akihiko Yoshida. The Japanese Submarine Force and World War II., Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1995 Jenkins, David. Battle Surface!: Japan's Submarine War Against Australia, 1942-44. Milsons Point and London: Random House, 1992 Goss, Chris. Bloody Biscay: The Story of the Luftwaffe's Only Long Range Maritime Fighter Unit, V Gruppe/Kampfgeschwader 40, and its Adversaries, 1942-1944. Manchester, England: Crecy Publishing, 1997, , 254 pgs. Clay Blair" Hitler's U-Boats War The Hunted 1942–1945 External links Photo of 1/48 scale replica of I-29 Blueprints of B-1 class Japanese submarine Accomplishments of the USS Sawfish I-29 pictures of crew stay in France taken by Kriegsmarine. Album stolen by a GI in Lorient in 1945 and found c. 1994 in a Hawaii flea market (French)courtesy www.lazaloeil.com View a 1942 German propaganda newsreel on arrival in Lorient and stay of I-30 which inaugurated the Yanagi missions to Europe Courtesy www.lazaloeil.com Type B1 submarines Ships built by Yokosuka Naval Arsenal 1940 ships World War II submarines of Japan Japanese submarines lost during World War II Shipwrecks in the Luzon Strait World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea Subhas Chandra Bose Ships sunk by American submarines Maritime incidents in July 1944 Submarines sunk by submarines
《利比希化学纪事》（，有时也叫）是世界上最古老和历史上最重要的有机化学期刊之一。杂志于1832年创刊，直到1873年尤斯图斯·冯·李比希逝世，都是由他和弗里德里希·维勒担任编辑。1997年，《利比希化学纪事》和《荷兰化学文集》合并成为《利比希化学纪事/文集》。1998年《利比希化学学报/文集》和其他几本主要的欧洲化学期刊合并成为《欧洲有机化学杂志》。杂志的ISSN号和CODEN号也跟随改变。历史《Annalen der Chemie》，1832年－1839年《Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie》，1840年－1872年，，CODEN JLACBF 《Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie》，1873年－1874年，，CODEN JLACBF 《Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie》，1875年－1944年、1947年－1978年，，CODEN JLACBF 《Liebigs Annalen der Chemie》，1979年－1994年，，CODEN LACHDL 《Liebigs Annalen》，1995年－1996年，，CODEN LANAEM 《Liebigs Annalen/Recueil》，1997年－，CODEN LIARFV 《European Journal of Organic Chemistry》，1998年－，印刷版，电子版ISSN（eISSN），CODEN EJOCFK 参见《化学纪事》《比利时化学学会通报》《法国化学学会通报》《德国化学学报》《》《》《意大利化学杂志》《荷兰化学文集》外部链接 Annalen der Pharmacie, roczniki 1832-1839，PDF格式，罗兹理工大学eBiPoL数字图书馆 Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, volumes 1840, 1872, 1873，PDF格式，罗兹理工大学eBiPoL数字图书馆 Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1874，PDF格式，罗兹理工大学eBiPoL数字图书馆 Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 1874，PDF格式，罗兹理工大学eBiPoL数字图书馆 LA L LA LA LA LA L
Keith F. Hughes (July 27, 1936 – September 21, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. Hughes was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota and graduated the Cathedral High School in St. Cloud. Hughes served in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps while going to college and then served in the Minnesota National Guard. He received his bachelor's degree from College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota and his law degree from University of Minnesota Law School. He practiced law in St. Cloud and lived with his wife and family in St. Cloud. Hughes served in the Minnesota Senate from 1965 to 1972. Hughes died at the St. Cloud Hospital in St. Cloud, Minnesota. References 1936 births 2021 deaths People from St. Cloud, Minnesota Minnesota National Guard personnel College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University alumni University of Minnesota Law School alumni Minnesota lawyers Minnesota state senators
Brittney Palmer (born June 24, 1987) is an American ring girl, model and artist. She is best known for her work as an octagon girl for the UFC, being awarded Ringcard Girl of the Year at the World MMA Awards in 2012, 2013, 2019, and 2022. Early life Palmer started her performing arts career dancing professionally for the shows "Jubilee" at Bally's Las Vegas and “X Burlesque” at Flamingo Las Vegas. After a car accident left Brittney bed-ridden she started working on her art before moving to Los Angeles and studying art history and classic portraiture working with acrylics, oils, and aerosols at the University of California, Los Angeles. Various exhibits have featured her work at institutions and galleries in Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Hong Kong and Milan. Career On April 19, 2011, Palmer appeared on YouTube opposite model Jo Garcia, in a Mortal Kombat themed video, which has, as of September 2013, garnered over 600,000 hits. In 2012 Palmer appeared on the cover of the March issue of Playboy, making her the third ring girl to do so, preceded by Rachelle Leah and Arianny Celeste. At the 2012 World MMA Awards, Palmer was awarded Ring Card Girl of the Year, prevailing over Arianny Celeste for the 2012 award while simultaneously ending Celeste's winning streak. Philanthropy Palmer has raised over $100,000 in donations through her paintings with some of the biggest organizations, charities, and auctions in the World, most notably the AMFAR Galas in Milan, Hong Kong, NYC and Sardinia. She has been an artist ambassador with UNICEF, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith‘s Janie’s Fund, Generation Cure, and Lady Gaga‘s Born This Way Foundation. Palmer has exhibited her paintings alongside influential artists including Pablo Picasso, Damien Hirst, Kaws, Ai Weiwei, Mr Brainwash, Ellen Von Unwerth and Andy Warhol. Personal life As of 2019, she is dating visual artist Gregory Siff. References External links 1987 births Living people American female models Mixed martial arts people 21st-century American women
肝火盛的诊断是什么？其临床表现轻则出现头晕头痛、面红目赤、心悸失眠、不思饮食、胸闷腹胀等症，重则肝火犯胃而呕血，肝火犯肺而咯血，肝风内动而抽搐，肝火冲心而心痛、昏迷或发癫狂。因此不可轻易发怒。
GCIRS 13E是位於銀河系中心附近的紅外和電波天體。它被認為是一個熾熱的大質量恒星團，在它的中心可能包含一個中等質量黑洞（IMBH）。 GCIRS 13E是GCIRS 13最初被認定的部分，後來被解析為GCIRS13E和W兩個部分。GCIRS 13E最初被建模為單個天體，可能是一個聯星系統。因為它有很强的發射線光譜，甚至被歸類為一顆沃夫–瑞葉星，並被命名為WR 101f。然後，它被分解成七顆沃夫–瑞葉星和O型恆星。最高分辨率的紅外成像和光譜現在可以識別GCIRS 13E中的19個天體，其中15個是稠密的氣態區域。其餘四個天體是恒星：WN8和WC9沃夫–瑞葉星、OB超巨星，還有一顆K3巨星。 GCIRS 13E成員的運動似乎表明其質量遠遠高於可見天體的質量。有人提出，可能存在一個中等質量黑洞，其中心質量約為。這個理論存在著許多問題。然而，這個集團的真實性質仍然未知。 GCIRS 13E是由幾顆大質量恆星主導的一個小星團。人們認為，大質量恒星不可能在離超大質量黑洞如此近的地方形成，而且由於此類大質量恒星的壽命很短，因此人們認為GCIRS 13E一定是在過去1000萬年內向中心黑洞遷移的，可能來自比目前軌道遠約60光年之處。這些恒星可能是球狀星團的遺跡，在其中的中等質量黑洞可以由失控的恆星（速逃星）碰撞而形成。如果恆星從星團中蒸發的速度由於強大的潮汐場比通過彈射而耗盡黑洞含量的速度更快，GCIRS 13E也可能是一個在星系內部形成的暗星團。參考資料人马座中等質量黑洞沃尔夫–拉叶星星團
{{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H40O4}} 化学式C21H40O4，摩尔质量 356.54 g/mol，可指：壬二酸二(2-乙基丁基)酯 CAS编号： PubChem CID：9543668
滇西蛇皮果（学名：）为棕榈科蛇皮果属下的一个种。参考文献扩展阅读 secunda
脚底长病毒疣什么原因？病毒疣就是HPV感染，HPV感染肯定是从外界环境中感染，比如寻常疣或扁平疣都是外界环境接触到之后，皮肤上有微小的创伤感染，通过自己的搔抓或自我传播获得。性病方面的尖锐湿疣，就是性传播，也可以通过生活环境接触传播，不卫生的环境，公共卫生间或公用的器具可以传播。病毒疣，还有传染性软疣，传染性软疣和HPV感染的疣是不同的，可以通过外界环境，也可以通过性传播。病毒疣的治疗有很多种方法，可以运用液氮冷冻，二氧化碳激光，微波，高频电烧，也可以采用外科手术切除的方法去除疣体。最常用的是液氮冷冻，液氮冷冻治疗后一周内，不要接触水，要保持创面干燥，避免继发感染。冷冻一般需要多次治疗才能完全治愈。也可以使用一些腐蚀性的药物。使用时应注意疣体周围皮肤的保护，避免刺激，产生疼痛，周围皮肤溃破等副作用。总之脚底病毒疣治疗起来相对比较麻烦，所以要到医院找专业的医生诊治。病毒疣一般简称疣，是由人乳头瘤病毒感染所引起的一种皮肤疾病，根据不同的临床表现，表现不同的疾病，比如有寻常疣，趾疣，扁平疣，还有尖锐湿疣也是属于人乳头瘤病毒感染，它都是有一定的传染性的，主要是通过直接接触来传染，如果是尖锐湿疣，也可以通过一些性传。有的时候也可以通过接触污染的用具，比如一些公用的东西上面占有了这种病毒，如果我们身上有一些破口的话，在接触到这些污染的器具，也是有可能会感染病毒疣的，其他的传播方式，比如可以自体传播，就是身上有一个疣，如果我们经常搔抓或者是摩擦，病毒到了周围其他的皮肤上，周围也是有可能会长疣的。
詹莹（），號平溪，湖广麻城人，明朝政治人物、进士出身。生平正德二年（1507年）湖广乡试举人，九年（1514年）甲戌科三甲246名进士。授南京户部主事，历升郎中。嘉靖三年（1524年）任福建漳州府知府一职，任內有政績。嘉靖五年（1526年），主持龙溪官港的大规模整修。嘉靖七年（1528年）调任广东廉州府，擢升山西河東盐运使。十八年三月升任福建布政司左参政，四月卒于建宁府官。参考资料汪佃《福建布政司左参政平溪詹公墓志铭》明朝漳州府知府麻城人詹姓正德二年丁卯科舉人南京户部主事明朝廉州府知府明朝河东盐运使明朝福建布政使司参政
广州十三行博物馆（）是一座位于广东省广州市的广州十三行主题博物馆。历史 2016年9月建成开馆。位于广东省广州市荔湾区西堤二马路37号广州文化公园内，建于300多年前的广州十三行商馆区遗址之上。占地面积3,060平方米，总建筑面积6,090平方米，馆藏文物超过4,800件，大部分由收藏家兼企业家王恒、冯杰夫妇无偿捐赠，主要是清代广州的外销工艺品。一楼展厅包括开海设关、十三行风貌、十三行行商、十三行贸易、中西汇流、走向近代等六个部分，二楼展厅为王恒、冯杰伉俪捐赠文物专室陈列展。营业时间周二至周日：上午九点至下午五点半周一闭馆交通广州地铁6号线、8号线文化公园站 (广州) 参考来源外部链接广州市的博物馆广州十三行商业博物馆荔灣區建築物 2016年建立的博物馆 2016年廣州建立
簡陽市不可移動文物名錄，是指四川省簡陽市第三次全國文物普查認定的不可移動文物名錄，於二○一一年公佈。列表參見四川省文物保護單位參考資料簡陽市文物保護單位四川文物
Jesús Collado Alarcón (born 13 September 1979 in Barcelona) is an S9 swimmer from Spain. Personal Collado was born 13 September 1979 in Barcelona. He is from the Catalan region of Spain. Swimming Collado is an S9 swimmer. In 2007, he competed at the IDM German Open. In 2010, Collado raced at the Tenerife International Open. From the Catalan region of Spain, he was a recipient of a 2012 Plan ADO scholarship. Paralympics Collado competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in the 100 meter butterfly race, and a bronze in the 100 meter backstroke race and in the 200 meter individual medley SM9 race. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in the 100 meter butterfly race, and a bronze in the 100 meter backstroke race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold in the 400 meter freestyle race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, where he did not medal. References External links Spanish male backstroke swimmers Spanish male butterfly swimmers Spanish male freestyle swimmers Spanish male medley swimmers Living people 1979 births Paralympic gold medalists for Spain Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Swimmers from Barcelona Paralympic swimmers for Spain Plan ADOP alumni Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships Paralympic medalists in swimming S9-classified para swimmers
盐芥属（学名：Thellungiella）是十字花科下的一个属，为一年生或二年生小草本植物。该属共有2种，分布于亚洲北部、北美洲西部。参考文献 Y
乳腺癌主诉症状及体征？女性乳腺是由皮肤、纤维组织、乳腺腺体和脂肪组成的，乳腺癌是发生在乳腺腺上皮组织的恶性肿瘤。乳腺癌中99%发生在女性，男性仅占1%。乳腺并不是维持人体生命活动的重要器官，原位乳腺癌并不致命；但由于乳腺癌细胞丧失了正常细胞的特性，细胞之间连接松散，容易脱落。癌细胞一旦脱落，游离的癌细胞可以随血液或淋巴液播散全身，形成转移，危及生命。目前乳腺癌已成为威胁女性身心健康的常见肿瘤。主要的临床表现为：1.乳腺肿块80%的乳腺癌患者以乳腺肿块首诊。患者常无意中发现乳腺肿块，多为单发，质硬，边缘不规则，表面欠光滑。2.乳头溢液非妊娠期从乳头流出血液、浆液、乳汁、脓液，或停止哺乳半年以上仍有乳汁流出者，称为乳头溢液。3.皮肤改变乳腺癌引起皮肤改变可出现多种体征，最常见的是肿瘤侵犯了连接乳腺皮肤和深层胸肌筋膜的Cooper韧带，使其缩短并失去弹性，牵拉相应部位的皮肤，出现“酒窝征”，即乳腺皮肤出现一个小凹陷，像小酒窝一样。4.乳头、乳晕异常肿瘤位于或接近乳头深部，可引起乳头回缩。肿瘤距乳头较远，乳腺内的大导管受到侵犯而短缩时，也可引起乳头回缩或抬高。5.腋窝淋巴结肿大医院收治的乳腺癌患者1/3以上有腋窝淋巴结转移。初期可出现同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大，肿大的淋巴结质硬、散在、可推动。随着病情发展，淋巴结逐渐融合，并与皮肤和周围组织粘连、固定。晚期可在锁骨上和对侧腋窝摸到转移的淋巴结。
朱顶红的形态特征是什么?？多年生草本植物，鳞茎肥大，近球形，直径5-10cm，外皮淡绿色或黄褐色。叶片两侧对生，带状，先端渐尖，2-8枚，叶片多于花后生出，叶片长15到60厘米，朱顶红还有锦斑品种（白肋朱顶红），叶片中间有一条白色锦斑。总花梗中空，被有白粉，顶端着花2-6朵，花喇叭形，花期有深秋以及春季到初夏，甚至有的品种初秋到春节开花（白肋朱顶红）。现代栽培的多为杂种，花朵硕大，花色艳丽，有大红、玫红、橙红、淡红、白、、蓝紫、绿、粉中带白、红中带黄等色；其花色除纯蓝、纯黑、纯绿外已经可以覆盖色谱中其余的所有颜色。花径大者可达20cm以上，而且有重瓣品种；朱顶红品种繁多不逊郁金香；花色之齐全超过风信子；花型奇特连百合也逊色；花叶双艺乃球根罕见。可见其综合性状乃球根花卉之首。
Estádio Municipal Arsénio Ramos is a multi-use stadium in Boa Vista, Cape Verde used for both football and athletics. Its location is northeast of the town center south of the town perimeter road, a bypass connecting the port and places in the east and south of the island. It is at the urban limit and close to the island's industrial area located in the east and former salt mines to the west along with its beach and its newly built hotels and villas. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Académica Operária, Sal-Rei, Sanjoanense and Sporting. The stadium holds 500 people. It is named for Arsénio Ramos, its size is and its grass is artificial. The stadium was first opened on February 9, 2008. Before the stadium opened, the football (soccer) field was in the western end of the city next to the port and the Atlantic. A basketball court later built on the former space and recently small residential complexes has been built on the site. The Boa Vista Regional Athletics Association has its own championships, regional competitions takes place every season. See also List of buildings and structures in Boa Vista, Cape Verde List of football stadiums in Cape Verde References Athletics (track and field) venues in Cape Verde Ramos Arsenio Sports venues completed in 2008 Sal Rei Ramos Arsenio Académica Operária Sport Sal Rei Club
眼屎多的治疗和预防方法？谨慎选择滴眼液如果有眼部不适，一般可以通过自我调节，或者用一些药物来改善。这里要提醒大家注意对滴眼液的选择。很多滴眼液因含有冰片、薄荷等成分，短暂时间内会令眼睛感觉舒服，在治疗上实际效用不大。而在不清楚一些滴眼液实际成分的情况下，最好不要轻易使用，以免造成不良后果。此外，如果眼部不适症状明显，则要尽早求医，以免耽误最佳治疗时间，造成终生的遗憾。办公室里巧护眼预防办公室眼病，要注意劳逸结合。尽量不要长时间高强度用眼，工作一个小时后可以稍加休息，同时可以选择甲酯纤维素、人工泪液等药品，以补充眼睛水分，保持眼睛湿润。在使用电脑时，最好不要离屏幕太近，保持30公分以上的距离为宜，同时尽量多眨眼，避免眼球过多暴露在空气中，以减少眼部水分蒸发。注意办公环境，空调温度及通风情况，更可以摆放一些绿色植物，既能促进空气质量改善，保持空气湿润，也能使眼睛在疲劳时得到一定的休息。1.分泌物的由来：眼睛有分泌物是一种觉的眼睛轻度感染性疾病。一是可能由于分娩过程中接触阴道含有细菌的分泌物，接生操作者污染的手或者出徨后所接触的用品不清洁，引起孩子的结膜发炎，使得婴儿眼屎过多、黏稠。二是有的孩子鼻泪管被上皮细胞残渣堵塞或鼻泪管黏膜闭塞，使得泪液和泪道内的分泌物积留在泪囊而引起泪囊炎，这样的患儿在泪囊处有一囊性肿物，表面略发青，如果轻轻压迫眼睛内侧的泪囊部，可风到黏液性或黏液性分泌物溢出，肿物消失。2.护理：对于眼屎多，结膜充血的孩子，新手妈妈可以用脱脂棉蘸上温开水清洁婴儿的两眼，每天两次，由内眼角到处眼角，轻轻地揩拭，并且每只眼睛各用一块脱脂棉。3.就医提示：婴儿出生两天后，睡醒后如果眼睫毛黏在一起，或者内侧眼角有脓液，或鼻泪管堵塞或出现泪囊炎，要尽快去看医生
肉瘤的早期症状是什么?？局部症状：局部疼痛和肿胀或伴有局部皮肤红、热关节积液，肢体或关节活动疼痛和受限等。全身症状：可出现低热消疲、今身不适，及相关部位功能障碍。
衡阳市人民政府（简称衡阳市政府）是中华人民共和国湖南省衡阳市的行政管理机关。现任市长是朱健，2020年2月上任。历史在民国时期，国民政府于1942年1月1日設衡陽市，在衡阳建立衡阳市政府，1943年升格為省轄市，是湖南省第二個省轄市。1949年8月，因衡宝战役，解放军占领衡阳市而撤销。1949年，中华人民共和国在衡阳设立衡阳专区专员公署，1950年，衡阳市改为省辖市，成立衡阳市人民委员会，衡阳专区曾于1952年撤销，1954年恢复，1959年，衡阳市改归衡阳专区，1970年，衡阳专区改称衡阳地区，并建立衡阳地区革命委员会。1980年2月20日，衡阳市升为省辖市，并成立衡阳市人民政府，1983年7月，衡阳地区和衡阳市合并，实行市管县新体制。职权历任市长参考文献湖南省地级市人民政府衡阳政治衡阳组织
微创痔疮手术多久拉屎不痛？排便手术需要多长时间？首先要看的是患者的外科手术。如果是开放手术，一般来说，细胞核中的坏死大约需要7天。在这个过程中，患者是最敏感的时期。大约10天左右，他的疼痛会比最初的疼痛好很多，但痔疮手术的疼痛和不适是一个逐渐消失的过程，也就是说，随着时间的推移，它会逐渐变得越来越好，通常是5天左右，5-7天应该消失，但这种不适可能持续约2周。微创手术，因为伤口相对较小，皮肤切口较少，术后疼痛约为5天，但微创手术也存在问题。术后隆起超过传统手术的持续时间。属于。因此，疼痛的持续时间取决于每个人周围神经的反应程度。在痔疮手术后的早期阶段，由于伤口的局部神经敏感性，或伤口的伤口表面较大，排便时可能发生局部伤口和肛门括约肌疼痛，这是痔疮常见的术后并发症。为了缓解局部疼痛的症状，建议在每次排便前使用镇静剂润滑肛门的粪便治疗。伴有大便干燥，也可配合口服中药润滑大便，排便后排出局部肛门疼痛，也可选用洗液进行外洗，以拉伸局部括约肌。如果有剧烈疼痛，可以将盐酸奥布卡因凝胶局部应用于麻醉。局部伤口排便后疼痛症状通常持续约一周。随着伤口恢复，疼痛症状将逐渐减轻。痔疮手术目前包括简单的痔切除术，混合疝气剥离和内部吻合术。疼痛的主要原因是外踝周围的手术切口疼痛。大多数患者在手术后第5天开始，并且粪便中剧烈疼痛的感觉显着减少。原因是5天后，局部肉芽组织明显增生，覆盖手术伤口并起到隔离局部神经的作用，从而缓解疼痛。
Caras & Bocas (English: Watercolors of Love) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo, which premiered on 13 April 2009 and ended on 8 January 2010. It was the second-most watched telenovela in Brazil. Cast Soundtrack National Cover: The telenovela logo "Caras e Bocas" - Chicas "C'est si bon" - Rita Lee and Roberto de Carvalho "Meu Sonho" - Os Paralamas do Sucesso "Quando" - Myllena "Um Dia De Domingo" - Ana Carolina and Celso Fonseca "Mais Uma Vez" - Marisa Monte "Vem Andar Comigo" - Jota Quest "É só você" querer – Elba Ramalho "Simplesmente Mulher" - Silvia Machete "Saudade da Bahia" - Moinho "Vem Na Minha" - Kelly Key "Amor Perfeito" - Gé Cardoso e Lilach Davioff "Nada Além" - Roberto Frejat "No Ordinary Love" - João Pinheiro "Antes De Você" - Titãs "Vida" - Padre Fábio de Melo "Te Amo" - Wanderléa "De Volta Ao Planeta dos Macacos" - Jota Quest "Além do Paraíso" - Jussara Silveira International Cover: Flávia Alessandra "Lucky" - Jason Mraz feat. Colbie Caillat "Already Gone" - Kelly Clarkson "Don't Wanna Miss" - Lia Weller "The Fear" - Lily Allen "Stand by Me" - Seal "No Other Love" - John Legend feat. Estelle "Funky Bahia" - Sérgio Mendes part. will.i.am "Fell In Love" - Alain Clark "Invece no" - Laura Pausini "If" - Daniel Boaventura "Ahava" (É o Amor) – Gê and Lilaz "I'll be there" - Av Project feat. Itauana Ciribelli and Dan Torres "Your Heart Is As Black As Night" - Melody Gardot "Lovin' You" - Rosanah Fiengo "Bewitched" - Ronaldo Canto e Mello "All about our Love" - João Pinheiro feat. Marjorie Philibert Instrumental "Tango moo" "Chapliniana" "Frederico" "Na Galeria (suspense)" "Caretas 1" "Caretas 2" "Afrika 1" "Afrika 2" "Afrika 3" "No Boteco" "Ongsong" "Judaica moo" "Judaica moo (suspense)" "Mitzva Party" References External links 2009 telenovelas 2009 Brazilian television series debuts 2010 Brazilian television series endings TV Globo telenovelas Comedy telenovelas Telenovelas by Walcyr Carrasco Brazilian LGBT-related television shows Portuguese-language telenovelas Television series about monkeys
Zespół Filmowy „X” is a Polish film production studio, inaugurated on New Year's Day, 1972. The studio's formation was the brainchild of acclaimed Polish director Andrzej Wajda, who served as the Artistic Director for the duration of the studio's existence. History At this time in Poland, the custom of the Communist government's cultural authorities was to separate film production in to teams that functioned also as film schools for the novices in their employ. In the beginning, this was usually done regionally. It was also something of a reward system for the country's most highly regarded film directors, who were offered appointments as artistic director of the various teams. In late 1970 or early 1971, the Polish cultural authorities approached Andrzej Wajda, at that time enjoying a particularly fecund episode in his career coming off a string of international successes, with the possibility of directing one of these teams. After some hesitation, Wajda cautiously accepted this promotion. Directing these teams was a tripartite affair and Wajda quickly surrounded himself with energetic young talents, appointing Barbara Pec-Ślesicka head of production and Constantine Puzyna as the team's literary director. In 1973, Puzyna stepped down and was replaced by Bolesław Michałek. Wajda, Pec-Ślesicka, and Michałek remained in these positions until May 1983, when in a period of martial law the team was forcibly shut down by the Polish government in retaliation for the political positions adopted by the team as manifested in the team's film product and in Wajda's, in particular, identification with the Solidarity (Polish trade union) movement. Zespół Filmowy X's first production was the second film of enfant terrible Andrzej Żuławski, Diabeł (The Devil). This film - a lavish and diabolically surrealistic depiction of the effects of the aftermath of the Kościuszko Uprising and the Third Partition of Poland on a once noble-family in a bleak, wintry Polish countryside - was met immediately with stern condemnation from the Polish cultural authorities. The film existed under a state of suppression until 1987, when the film was finally released after the hardline of the government softened due to increasing pressure from within to open the society. This picture set the tone for the bulk of Zespół Filmowy X's output: challenging pictures with high artistic standards. The fallout from Diabeł's suppression earned greater scrutiny for the team from the authorities, Żuławski's departure for France and a climate of relaxed control, and exclusion of the team from cinemas, which had the effect of relegating for a time all the team's production to television. Throughout the studio's existence these standards were maintained and the team produced several acclaimed pictures from several notable directors. The studio reached the pinnacle of cinematic achievement when Wajda's film Man of Iron collected the Palme d'Or and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. Of Zespół Filmowy X's atmosphere of openness, director Ryszard Bugajski recalled that: Our team, as indeed this was true of all the teams, divisions, affiliates, unions, and delegations in Poland, was a simple bureaucratic institution of stamps, files, punches, official soap, and a bunch of kids attending night school. But it was also one of the few public places where, with a mug of hot tea brewed in a communal effort, almost like in Hyde Park's Speakers Corner in London, one could without brakes applied express different opinions - mostly unflattering of authority - surrounded by piles of unapproved scenarios, warmth and family. All in accordance with applicable rules of discipline, this was a place where one could work and celebrate the birthdays of friendly people and other anti-state occasions." - quoted in Wanda Werenstein's Zespół Filmowy "X" Filmography (selected) The Devil (1972), directed by Andrzej Żuławski. The Wedding (1972), directed by Andrzej Wajda. The Promised Land (1974), directed by Andrzej Wajda. W środku lata (In the Middle of Summer) (1975), directed by Feliks Falk. Obrazki z życia (Pictures of Life) (1976), an anthology film. Smuga cienia (The Shadow Line) (1976), directed by Andrzej Wajda. Motylem jestem czyli romans 40-latka (1976), directed by Jerzy Gruza. Zdjęcia próbne (Test Screenings) (1976), directed by Agnieszka Holland, Paweł Kędzierski and Jerzy Domaradzki. Man of Marble (1977), directed by Andrzej Wajda. Prawo Archimedesa (The Archimedes Principle) (1977), directed by Mariusz Walter. Indeks. Życie i twórczość Józefa M. (Index: The Life and Work of Joseph M.) (1977), directed by Janusz Kijowski. Pani Bovary to ja (I am Madame Bovary) (1977), directed by Zbigniew Kamiński. Sprawa Gorgonowej (The Gorgonowej Case) (1977), directed by Janusz Majewski. Rytm serca (Circadian Rhythm) (1977), directed by Zbigniew Kamiński. Wodzirej (Top Dog) (1977), directed by Feliks Falk. Pokój z widokiem na morze (A View of the Sea) (1977), directed by Janusz Zaorski. Quiet is the Night (1978), directed by Tadeusz Chmielewski. Without Anesthesia (1978), directed by Andrzej Wajda. Bestia (The Beast) (1978), directed by Jerzy Domaradzki. Provincial Actors (1978), directed by Agnieszka Holland. Young Girls of Wilko (1979), directed by Andrzej Wajda. Kobieta i kobieta (A Woman and a Woman) (1979), directed by Ryszard Bugajski. On the Move (1979), directed by Márta Mészáros. The Conductor (1979), directed by Andrzej Wajda. Obok (1979), directed by Feliks Falk. Kung-fu (1979), directed by Janusz Kijowski. Szansa (Chance) (1979), directed by Feliks Falk. Niewdzięczność (Ingratitude) (1979), directed by Zbigniew Kamiński. The Moth (1980), directed by Tomasz Zygadło. Fever (1980), directed by Agnieszka Holland. Głosy (Voices) (1980), directed by Janusz Kijowski. Spokojne lata (Quiet Years) (1981), directed by Andrzej Kotkowski. Man of Iron (1981), directed by Andrzej Wajda. Dziecinne pytania (Childish Questions) (1981), directed by Janusz Zaorski. Książę (The Prince) (1981), directed by Krzysztof Czajka. A Woman Alone (1981), directed by Agnieszka Holland. Był jazz (And All That Jazz) (1981), directed by Feliks Falk. Matka Królów (The Mother of Kings) (1982), directed by Janusz Zaorski. The Interrogation (1982), directed by Ryszard Bugajski. Danton (1983), directed by Andrzej Wajda. W obronie wlasnej (In Their Own Defense) (1982), directed by Zbigniew Kamiński. Planeta krawiec (The Planet Tailor) (1983), directed by Jerzy Domaradzki. Synteza (Synthesis) (1983), directed by Maciej Wojtyszko. Stan wewnętrzny (Inner State) (1983), directed by Krzysztof Tchórzewski. Wierna rzeka (The Faithful River) (1983), directed by Tadeusz Chmielewski. Święto księżyca (Feast of the Moon) (1983), directed by Maciej Wojtyszko. Bibliography Book References Polish film studios Companies based in Warsaw Mass media companies established in 1972 1972 establishments in Poland Mass media companies disestablished in 1983 1983 disestablishments in Poland Andrzej Wajda
婴儿总胆红素偏高怎么调理？胆红素是生化指标，尤其生化肝功的一个指标，它反应的是一个肝脏分泌胆红素的一个代谢过程，它又分直接胆红素和间接胆红素，胆红素升高了其实原因很多，一方面首先要考虑是不是肝胆系统的疾病，肝胆系统又分内科情况和外科情况，内科情况可能跟比如说我们知道脂肪肝，胆红素可能会高，药物性肝损害，吃了些伤肝的药，转氨酶、胆红素都有可能升高，这是这样，比如我们经常遇到的血脂高，吃降脂药有可能损伤到肝胆功能，可能造成胆红素升高。一般除了内科的这些肝胆系统的疾病之外，还有一些就是一些外科性疾病，比如说胆道的感染，胆道的肿瘤、结石，都可以造成胆红素升高，胆红素又分直接胆红素和间接胆红素，外科的一些疾病，往往和直接胆红素有关，其他系统，比如血液系统，也会造成溶血一些疾病，血液系统疾病，溶血也可以造成胆红素升高，所以单纯胆红素升高，很难界定是什么疾病，我们有可能需要一个影像学的B超或者说是CT，除外一下有没有外科因素，外科的胆道的梗阻，引起的胆红素升高，如果说除外之后，再寻找内科的一些，比如药物因素或者一些炎症，比如说病毒性肝炎，有可能造成胆红素明显的升高。婴儿总胆红素偏高调理可以试停母乳喂养3天，如果黄疸减轻可以判定为母乳性黄疸，可以继续停止母乳喂养一周。每天适当给宝宝晒太阳，注意遮挡头部和眼睛，保暖，尽量露出胳膊和腿等部位。多喂糖水可使黄疸加快消退。可以查下肝功再决定治疗，一般为蓝光光疗。如果黄疸不及时治疗，可以造成核黄疸，就是通过大脑屏障，造成脑细胞受损，严重的话危及生命，可以造成智力、运动等障碍。
脸上长了很多斑怎么办？现在无论男女都希望自己看起来比较有吸引力，希望自己脸上光滑细腻，给人留下一个好的第一印象。但是，随着年龄的增长，到了中年以后的女性的脸上就会出现各种各样的色斑。不仅会影响自己的整体外观，还会影响到自己的心情。因为这些色斑会让一个原本自信的女性，变得不再自信，甚至胡乱的买各种化妆品来掩盖这些色斑，导致乱用化妆品，不仅浪费钱财，可能会是皮肤过敏等。1、首先，我们要认清自己脸上的色斑是属于什么斑，然后根据色斑的特点进行科学的治疗。特别注意在治疗过程中不要相信什么一步祛斑等这类神奇的护肤品。因为斑不是一天就长出来的，所以也不可能祛斑的时候可以一步到位，要不然只会使脸上的色斑越来越多。2、其次，一定不要熬夜。熬夜对肝脏，女性的皮肤都有很大的伤害。而中年的女性由于年龄的增长，本身的内分泌、雌激素的分泌也会变差，这个时候再熬夜就会对自身造成更大的危害。所以，一定要养成良好的睡眠习惯。3、再者，要尽量少吃一些感光性的食物，要多吃一些维生素含量比较高的食物，比如：深绿色的蔬菜水果，还有多注意补充雌激素，多吃一些粗粮、大豆等食物。同时，日常为了保持好的肤质，应该多饮用蜂蜜、柠檬、苹果等。4、化妆品质量不好，经常暴晒、及内分泌不好都会引起脸上长斑。所以化妆品的使用要特别注意，尽量选择较温和一些的，不要使用很强功效的，有的祛斑化妆品，当时用得效果很好，但一停用就会就严重。不管是夏天还是冬天出门都要涂上一点隔离霜或防晒霜。注意事项：我们脸部的皮肤和脸上的整洁度对于女性来说是很重要的。但是不要因为脸上长有色斑就胡乱的使用激素、药物或劣质化妆品等。一定要对症下药，科学合理的来对待自己的色斑。
Brookula murawskii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea. Distribution This species occurs in Cuban part of the Caribbean Sea. References murawskii
服用蒿甲醚片须注意的事项？1 对于凶险型疟疾的急救，应考虑使用蒿甲醚注射液。2 严重呕吐者慎用。
肝纤维化能治好吗？可以治好，要积极配合医生。肝纤维化是由各种原因引起的肝细胞变性和水肿，长期反复刺激和纤维化形成，可导致肝功能异常，对患者健康有很大影响。因此，首先，应该明确肝细胞变性和水肿的原因。对病因的治疗是关键。同时，需要采取对症治疗措施，如保肝和降酶。通常，不能过度劳累，熬夜，戒烟戒酒，吃清淡的食物。轻度的肝纤维化是需要治疗，而且是最佳的治疗时机，可以有效快速的逆转肝纤维化的情况。建议可以服用抗纤维化的药物，也可以选择中药调理。日常饮食是很重要的，要多吃维生素的食物，不能吃油腻刺激的食物，辛辣和生冷的食物也不能吃，多进行一些适当的运动，保持心情的畅快，戒烟酒，保证正常的睡眠。肝纤维化。它是指肝脏中弥漫性细胞外基质(尤其是胶原蛋白)的过度沉积。它不是一种独立的疾病，但许多慢性肝病会导致肝纤维化。其病因大致可分为感染、先天性代谢缺陷和化学代谢缺陷、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎等。你的疾病描述不是很详细。如果是早期纤维化，可以治愈。没有必要过度的心理压力。意见和建议:去除病因是抗纤维化最有效的方法，治疗是针对病毒、代谢、药物、酒精和自身免疫原因进行的。酒精性肝病最有效的治疗方法是戒酒和停用损害肝脏的药物或毒药。免疫抑制剂治疗自身免疫性肝炎不仅可以减轻炎症，还具有抗纤维化的作用。然而，由于肝纤维化是一个慢性过程，治疗可能需要几年时间。该过程可能是间歇性的。目前的研究表明，肝纤维化可以在治疗后5年内产生明显的肝纤维化逆转。
《爸爸向前走》（英文：），香港亞洲電視的自製劇集，全劇共20集，監製連熾勳。演員表 2005年亞視電視劇集
幼儿鼻炎治疗方法？常见的鼻炎类型有儿童慢性鼻炎、儿童过敏性鼻炎、儿童鼻窦炎等等，治疗儿童鼻炎前，首先要弄清楚是哪种类型的鼻炎，进而辩证施治，对症治疗。鼻窦炎的根治一般需要从其病症着手目前对儿童慢性鼻炎没有最佳治疗方法，不过其治疗原则是消炎消肿，通气引流和尽量维护鼻粘膜的生理功能，同时要注意对鼻炎病因的处理，可用1%麻黄素生理盐水滴鼻或鼻炎康片，霍胆丸等中成药药物口服。而儿童鼻窦炎往往是由于鼻息肉引起鼻窦开口阻塞，无法与外界相连接通，而引起鼻窦感染导致的。鼻窦炎的根治一般需要从其病症着手，首先缓解病症，慢慢深入治疗直到治愈。对于急性鼻窦炎，除抗生素治疗外，根据情况还可能需要利用激素类药物和减充血剂如麻黄素类药物点滴鼻腔，以开放鼻窦开口。对于慢性鼻窦炎，可首选药物治疗，或利用负压吸引，上颌窦穿刺等，同时利用减充血剂如麻黄素类药物点滴鼻腔，在医师的指导下合用中药治疗。并不是药物治疗就是最好的手段，有时适当的手术治疗也可能取得不可预料的好效果。对鼻炎患儿来说，治疗的安全性必须放在首位。有些家长因为担心手术治疗可能会有后遗症，坚持给自己的孩子进行药物治疗。不过临床上，因长期滥用药物而发生药物性鼻炎的病人也不为少数，这类型的病人往往表现为鼻腔异常干燥或鼻塞严重，嗅觉受损，并且难以修复。因此，对于这类慢性的，药物治疗超过8周以上没有明显效果的患儿，建议采用手术治疗。孩子患鼻窦炎一般可能是感冒，或者是免疫力差造成的，最好先吃一些可以治鼻窦炎的药物。再去医院进行一个全面的检查，如果症状比较严重，可以动手术来治疗。如果情况并不严重，可以让孩子多参加一些户外活动来增强自身的抵抗力。多给孩子清洗鼻孔里的脏东西，让孩子的鼻腔保持通畅。
勒吉安（印尼語：Legian）是印度尼西亞峇里省巴東縣庫塔鎮下屬的一個社區，位於該鎮北部，此地以其夜生活而聞名、因為一路上有許多夜店以及酒吧，也有幾家五星級酒店以及度假村在此。觀光景點勒吉安海灘 Padma海灘夜店、酒吧 Azul Beach Club SKAI Bar Y Sports Bar Posers Pub Legian Pub Bali Summer Queen Bali Mick Dundee's Bar W Vibes Bali Sinaloa Bali 庫塔鎮
肝硬化失代偿期腹水反复怎么办？肝硬化腹水治疗方法：肝硬化是临床常见的慢性进行性肝病，由一种或多种病因长期或反复作用形成的弥漫性肝损害。病理组织学上有广泛的肝细胞坏死、残存肝细胞结节性再生、结缔组织增生与纤维隔形成，导致肝小叶结构破坏和假小叶形成，肝脏逐渐变形、变硬而发展为肝硬化。早期由于肝脏代偿功能较强可无明显症状，有些患者会产生口干，口苦，厌油，恶心，腹胀，腹痛，肝区不适，以及小便发黄，但具体病情是需要结合患者各项检查来进一步明确的。由于肝硬化患者的食欲和消化能力都较差，因此，饮食应尽可能多样化，且要新鲜、味美，以刺激食欲，增进消化。慎食某些辛辣食物（包括葱、蒜等）、生硬食物和含植物纤维素较多的蔬菜等也应慎用，因为有刺激或渣率过多的食物可引起曲张的食管静脉破裂、出血。治疗腹水的目的在于预防可能发生的并发症，控制腹水进行性加重，以减轻高度腹水引起的患者不适感。腹水本身无紧急的危险，肝功能改善和肾脏对水钠潴留的调节，需要很长时间才能奏效。所以，以消退腹水为目的治疗宜采取缓和渐进的步骤。有效缓解肝腹水的方法：1、腹水还输肝腹水中含有一定量的蛋白，肝腹水的治疗原则将该蛋白重新进入血循环中，可减轻或消除肝腹水的形成。2、卧床休息卧床休息对心、肝、肾功能的恢复都极为重要，有利于肝腹水的消退。卧床休息一方面可增加肝血流量，降低肝代谢负荷，促进腹水经隔膜的淋巴间隙重吸收；另一方面，能使肾血流量增加，改善肾灌注，消除水钠潴留。3、原发病的治疗肝腹水的治疗方案应依原发病而定。如结核性腹膜炎时应给予抗结核治疗；对腹腔脏器穿孔起的化脓性腹膜炎应予外科治疗；对肿瘤性腹水则应根据病情给予手术切除、化疗、放疗或介入治疗。4、基础治疗肝腹水的基础治疗包括卧床休息和饮食治疗。腹水预示疾病的严重性。不论何种病因所致的腹水，都不能忽视基础治疗。
服用咪喹莫特乳膏须注意的事项？1? 需要经医生指导后使用。本品为外用药，应避免与眼接触。 2? 治疗部位不需用绷带等覆盖。 3? 5％咪喹莫特乳膏剂可减弱避孕套的避孕效果，因此在用药时应避免性接触。 4? 对于包皮过长的男病人，目前尚无推荐的治疗方案，故不推荐这种病人使用。 5? 在用药部位及周围皮肤的反应，例如红斑、剥脱/剥落、糜烂和水肿是很常见的。大部分皮肤反应是轻度和中度，严重的皮肤反应一旦发生应及时报告医生。 6? 病人需知道，在治疗期间新的疣有可能长出，因为5%乳膏剂不能治愈疣。大于75岁或小于18岁年龄范围的人群没有用药经验。
The International Poetry Festival of Rosario (in Spanish, Festival Internacional de Poesía de Rosario) is a cultural event organized in Rosario, Argentina. It gathers public and poets from Argentina and other countries, especially Latin American ones, and includes poetry readings, workshops, lectures, and stage plays. The Festival is held annually since 1993. It usually takes place in September at the facilities of the Bernardino Rivadavia Culture Center, at Plaza Montenegro, in downtown Rosario. It is organized jointly by the Santa Fe Province Culture Subsecretariat and the Education and Culture Secretariat of the Municipality of Rosario, and is supported by the national Culture Secretariat. Poets who attended the festival External links http://www.fipr.com.ar Festival Internacional de Poesía at the Municipality of Rosario. 2003 Festival. Culture of Santa Fe Province. Recurring events established in 1993 September events Poetry festivals in Argentina Literary festivals in Argentina Culture in Rosario, Santa Fe Arts festivals in Argentina Spring (season) events in Argentina
新生儿咽下综合征的预防和治疗方法？做好围生期保健工作，防止难产，宫内窒息和过期产等，提高接生技术水平。加强基础护理，防止并发症　加强口腔护理，保持脐部、皮肤的清洁干燥，注意保暖，及时清除呼吸道分泌物，防止吞入羊水过多，保持呼吸道通畅。(二)预后一般预后良好。但须注意防止呕吐物吸入造成窒息死亡。
The 2021 AFC Champions League knockout stage was played from 13 September to 23 November 2021. A total of 16 teams competed in the knockout stage to decide the champions of the 2021 AFC Champions League. Qualified teams The group winners and three best runners-up in the group stage from each region advanced to the round of 16, with both West Region (Groups A–E) and East Region (Groups F–J) having eight qualified teams. Combination table If two group winners played each other, the group winner marked with * hosted the match. West Region One-leg matches (13–14 September 2021) East Region One-leg matches (14–15 September 2021) Format In the knockout stage, the 16 teams played a single-elimination tournament, with the teams split into the two regions until the final. All ties were played as a single-leg match (Regulations Article 9.1). Extra time and penalty shoot-out were used to decide the winners if necessary (Regulations Article 9.3 and 10.1). Schedule The schedule of each round was as follows. Bracket The bracket of the knockout stage was determined as follows: Round of 16 Summary The round of 16 was played over one leg, with the matchups determined by the combination tables based on which group runners-up qualified. \|+West Region \|} \|+East Region \|} West Region East Region Quarter-finals Summary The quarter-finals were played over one leg, with the matchups and home team decided by draw held on 17 September at 15:00 (UTC+8) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. \|+West Region {{OneLegResult\|Persepolis\|IRI\|0–3\|Al-Hilal\|KSA}} \|} \|+East Region \|} West Region East Region Semi-finals Summary The semi-finals were played over one leg. \|+West Region \|} \|+East Region \|} West Region East Region Final The final was played over a single leg on 23 November. The host was determined on a rotational basis, with the match hosted by team from the West Region in odd-numbered years (Regulations 9.1.2). Notes References External links , the-AFC.com AFC Champions League 2021, stats.the-AFC.com 3 September 2021 sports events in Asia October 2021 sports events in Asia November 2021 sports events in Asia
GURPS Cyberpunk is a genre toolkit for cyberpunk-themed role-playing games set in a near-future dystopia, such as that envisioned by William Gibson in his influential novel Neuromancer. It was published in 1990 after a significant delay caused by the original draft being a primary piece of evidence in Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service. In 1993, GURPS Cyberpunk Adventures — a collection of three RPG scenarios in the GURPS Cyberpunk line — won the Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Adventure of 1992. Unlike most commercially successful books from the third edition of the game, there is currently no Cyberpunk sourcebook for its fourth edition, as of 2023. Similar rules for advanced technology can be found in GURPS Ultra-Tech, from gadgets to cyberwear, but there aren't, for example, rules for netrunning which are essential for such games. Contents Besides the main chapters detailed below, GURPS Cyberpunk contains a glossary of common cyberpunk terms, an index, and a bibliography of relevant media. Characters This chapter describes some of the most common character archetypes (netrunner, corp(orate), cop, celebrity, etc.) and their typical skills, advantages, and disadvantages. It also provides a guideline about how much money a given job might bring or cost. Cyberwear Rules for and descriptions of bionic enhancements. Technology & Equipment Lists many sorts of near-future gadgets. Netrunning The longest in the book, it details rules for realistic computer networks as well as fantastic cyberspaces accessible only through a neural interface. It describes what types of system can be found in the Net and how the characters can act (and fight) there. World Design Gives guidelines for designing your own cyberpunk world. Campaigning Helps the Gamemaster in running a longer series of adventures. U.S. Secret Service seizure Loyd Blankenship, who was hired by Steve Jackson Games in 1989, was nearly finished with GURPS Cyberpunk later that year, which was intended both to introduce the company into the popular cyberpunk genre, and to help the company get over its financial difficulties. GURPS Cyberpunk received notoriety when the Austin headquarters of Steve Jackson Games was raided by the U.S. Secret Service in 1990. The authorities seized the manuscript for the sourcebook, which was under development at the time, asserting that it was a "handbook for computer crime". The book was reconstructed and rewritten from older drafts when the manuscript was not returned. The seizure delayed publication for six weeks. This raid is often wrongly attributed to Operation Sundevil, a nationwide crackdown on illegal computer hacking activities that was occurring about this time. GURPS Cyberpunk was ultimately published in 1990, joining the already-released cyberpunk role-playing games Cyberpunk 2013 (1988) from R. Talsorian, Cyberspace (1989) from ICE, and Shadowrun (1989) from FASA. Publication history The main sourcebook for the line () was written by Loyd Blankenship and published by Steve Jackson Games in 1990, as a part of the extensive (3rd-edition) GURPS generic role-playing game system. Reception The July 1990 edition of Games International (Issue 16) commented that "computers interfaced with humans and piles of personal morality make playing cyberpunk a challenge." The reviewer concluded, "Lovers of William Gibson's Neuromancer should start here." Awards At the 1991 Origins Awards, GURPS Cyberpunk was a nominee for Best Roleplaying Supplement of 1990. Other reviews White Wolf #23 Dragão Brasil #3 (1994) (Portuguese) Casus Belli #58 Casus Belli #80 References External links Official GURPS Cyberpunk page on the SJ Games website SJ Games vs. the Secret Service from Steve Jackson Games website EFF: Steve Jackson Games v. Secret Service Case Archive Steve Jackson Games case decision On-line and Out-of-Bounds Bruce Sterling GURPS' labour lost Cyberpunk role-playing games Cyberpunk Origins Award winners Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1990 Works about computer hacking
襄垣王朱成鍨，號西軒，明朝第四位也是最后一位襄垣王，襄垣安惠王朱仕坯之子，明太祖玄孙。朱成鍨死后，因为朱仕坯的王位被揭发系冒封而得，襄垣国被取消，朱成鍨也因而没有得到谥号。生平袭封郡王朱成鍨并非朱仕坯长子，却是嫡长子。朱仕坯在兄长襄垣王朱仕㙺被废后，一直以镇国将军身份管理襄垣王府事，曾试图袭封襄垣王，但因礼部认为并无郡王犯罪革爵后由弟弟袭封的事例而不果。当时宗室多违例申请冒封，朱仕坯已经年老，朱成鍨凶狡多谋，因此也起了心思，百般活动想让父亲袭封，乃至贿赂礼部尚书严嵩。嘉靖十八年（1539年）二月，朱仕坯得以续封为襄垣王，未受册封即去世，朱成鍨袭封。十九年（1540年）七月，因朱成鍨请求，朱成鍨的嫡母夫人即朱仕坯遗孀张氏受封为王妃。二十年（1541年）十二月，隆平侯张伟等为正使、翰林院编修赵贞吉等为副使，持节册封辅国将军朱成鍨为襄垣王。嘉靖二十五年（1546年）五月，朱成鍨奏称父亲既然已经袭王，弟弟輔國將軍朱成䥍等也应该按例进封，礼部同意按郡王之子加封朱成䥍等为镇国将军，明世宗同意。先前朱仕坯的三哥朱仕堲被送代王治所大同居住，不许返回蒲州襄垣王府，也因而失去管王府事的资格。嘉靖三十年（1551年），朱成鍨上疏朝廷称蒲州远离大同，为宗室赐名的敕书经由大同转颁过于不便，请求朝廷将敕书直接发往蒲州。七月，代王朱廷埼意识到朱成鍨意在与他争夺对在大同繁衍的朱仕堲后裔的管理权，上奏反对，更揭发朱成鍨的爵位得自朱仕坯冒封。但因朱廷埼将“赐名敕书”写成“御名敕书”触怒了世宗，该奏章被搁置。身后国除朱成鍨的长子朱聰瀺、长孙朱俊渠都在其之前去世，故其曾孙朱充煌被册封为曾长孙作为继承人。嘉靖四十五年（1566年），朱成鍨去世。五月，朱充煌受命摄理府事，但襄垣王府宗室镇国中尉朱俊橇、山阴王朱俊柵再揭发朱仕坯冒封。十二月，朝廷调查，隆庆三年（1569年）二月，不许朱充煌袭封，且没有按郡王曾孙封其为奉国将军，而是仍按朱成鍨袭封前为辅国将军的标准，改封朱充煌为辅国中尉管理府事，也没有给朱成鍨赐谥号。襄垣国再次除国且再未恢復。因冒封查实，万历元年（1573年）九月，朱仕坯、朱成鍨子女的爵号由郡王子女分别降级为镇国将军子女、辅国将军子女。明朝史学家王世贞《弇山堂别集·盛事述五》“亲王高寿”载朱成鍨享年九十二岁，为明朝王爵中最长寿者，其次即享年九十一岁的其父朱仕坯。后来这一纪录被享年九十三岁的会昌王朱弼楝打破。分歧记载《明史·诸王世表二》载：“成鍨，安惠嫡一子，成化二十一年袭封。隆庆二年薨”，似指其在位长达84年，但与《明实录》矛盾，亦不符合《皇明祖训·职制》对嗣封藩王最少十岁的规定，《明史》对其父朱仕坯的生平记载亦与实录出入很大，故不取。家庭第一子：襄垣長子朱聰瀺，號首峯，性聰穎，賦詩綴文不假思索，多有警語。有□金陵及山行諸詩第一子：襄垣長孫朱俊渠第一子：襄垣曾長孫朱充煌第二子：輔國將軍朱俊㰙，性聰穎，讀書過目不忘，四部諸書每有所得則發於詩詞，與縉紳交游每限韻分題，速若懸河，古雅清新。著有《巢松堂稿》，英年早逝注释及参考文献明朝襄垣國藩王
中国2010年上海世界博览会香港馆，別名無限空間，是香港特別行政區政府在2010年上海世界博览会的自建臨時展館，位於世博園區A片区，中国国家馆西南侧，以「無限城市—香港」为主题。香港馆共分为3层。底层主题为“連繫：全球”，展示香港与内地与全球的联系；中间层主题为“連繫：意念、資訊和多元”，展示香港的开放与现代化；顶层的主题则是“連繫：自然”，以展示香港的天然资源。展館沿革及設計香港特區政府在2007年8月，獲邀請參加上海世博會，並於中國館區內預留約600平方米的土地，作為香港館獨立自建的場地。港府決定參展，並在2008年1月向世博會提交香港館主題陳述，建議以「無限城市－香港」為主題，以展示香港內通外連的獨特優勢。港府在2008年2月舉辦香港館概念設計比賽，公開給香港本地設計及建築界人士參加，共接獲80份參賽作品，經7人小組評審後，在2008年4月14日宣布，由陳維正、施琪珊設計的「無限空間」獲得冠軍，作為香港館的設計藍本。設計特點是整個中層呈透明，予人流暢、現代的感覺，象徵着香港人無限伸延的想像力和創意，無拘無束，以展示香港現代、開放、自由、透明的特點。香港的三層展區分別凸顯香港在不同方面，展現的外通內連和無限創意。首層展區以「有形的連繫」為題，以展示香港與內地及全球連繫；中層展區以「無形的連繫」為題，以意念上的連繫、貨幣與資訊的自由流通，帶出香港的特色及發展關鍵；頂層展區則以「與自然的連繫」為題，展示香港豐富的天然資源，與自然持續共存。金門建築獲得香港館的工程合約，包括設計和建造香港館、內部裝修、展覽裝置、園境設計、保養維修及在上海世博結束後的拆卸工程。興建工程在2009年4月10日正式動工，主體結構在同年10月12日完工。香港館與城市最佳实践区的香港案例展覽，在2010年4月20日起進行5天的試運營。2010年5月1日，香港館由行政長官曾蔭權主持開幕，同日網上世博會的香港館網站亦正式開通。香港館原先目標是每天接待7千人次，但最終參觀人數逾200萬人次，平均每日接待遊客11,000人次。展館內容香港館樓高3層，入口設有獨特的紅色標誌，採用著名設計師陳超宏專門為香港館設計的獨特字體。訪客將步入館內的接待區，可見2010年3月更新設計的香港品牌新形象，亦能收看一輯介紹香港館主題與理念的短片。訪客其後進入輪候區，區內牆壁主要展示香港地標與人物面貌，而4個液晶體／等離子屏幕展示出香港色彩繽紛的各區風貌，訪客可聽到香港日常的不同聲音，包括港鐵列車關門的警號聲，舞獅的鑼鼓聲和茶樓的叫賣聲，亦可在「開心照相館」選取香港電車、海鮮酒家、粵劇造型的景物作背景，拍照並透過電郵發送。訪客經過與港鐵車站相似的入閘機，離開輪候區，進入以戲院大堂風格設計的首個展區「與全球連繫」，展示香港連繫全球與內地的資料，並透過長約2分鐘的錄像和特別展板，介紹香港的機場、港口、鐵路網和公路基礎設施。展區內設三維電影區，播放一部由天極數碼有限公司執導的三維電影《無限城市－香港》，訪客須配帶三維立體眼鏡收看，介紹香港充滿創意和對比的生活面貌。訪客循一列坡道離開前往香港館中層，其間播放名為《文化萬花筒》的短片，介紹香港的演藝和創意工業。訪客其後進入首層展覽區，在世博會期間，區內舉行六個不同主題的展覽，包括：首層展覽區懸掛由香港知專設計學院師生共同設計，名為《光耀無限》的照明藝術裝置，利用200個在濕貨市場常見的紅色塑膠燈罩為材料，在牆壁和天花鏡面的多重反射下，映照出無盡光影。訪者通過一條鏡廊進入中層，透過反射與地面燈光的互動變化，讓訪客與香港館及其他訪客相連。中層展覽區有極高的天花和玻璃幕牆，象徵着香港開放、透明；意念、資訊連繫不受阻隔；社會多元共融。展區內4根玻璃柱的互動裝置展示香港不同的創意範疇，分別介紹香港文化節目、資訊自由流通、「光纖之父」高錕、國際金融中心。展區設有兩款互動遊戲，一為「香港館鈔票遊戲」，訪客可自行設計具有香港特色的鈔票，另一個名為「前瞻香港」的互動遊戲，帶領訪客探索綠色香港、創意之都和盛事之都等主題。中層展覽區亦展出一版大幅未切割的10元塑料鈔票，是2007年7月9日首次發行塑料鈔票時的首批製成品，同時播放一套介紹西九文化區的互動錄像。展區內的互動裝置區，訪客可利用兩個相同的互動裝置，連接到城市最佳實踐區香港展覽，並可實時連接到香港國際機場和香港科學館。中層由一條架空的人行道連接主題為「連繫大自然」的頂層，人行道設有觀景台，訪客可以見到透過香港品牌「見面，見香港」活動收集，在港人生活與訪港人士的照片和錄像。頂層設有林地及濕地兩個區域，以呈現香港的生物多樣性，種植40種灌木和濕地植物，包括在港常見的細葉榕和樟樹，訪客亦可透過4座特製望遠鏡，觀賞香港的昆蟲、爬蟲、哺乳類動物和兩棲動物。頂層設有仿傚香港濕地公園的木橋，旁有一座有裝有屏幕的小亭，播放以沙藝表演介紹香港濕地物種的錄像《連繫自然：香港濕地物種》。訪客沿樓梯離開展館，可看到香港國家地質公園圖片及資料。保留問題香港特區政府曾向上海世博會事務協調局建議，商討保留香港館，但根據世界博覽會的規則，香港館須於上海世博會閉幕後拆卸，並交回展館用地，不能例外保留，當局亦考慮過在港重置，但考慮成本效益及覓地困難等問題而作罷。港府最終決定揀選與香港參博關係密切的展品，贈送予籌建中的中國2010年上海世博會紀念館永久保存，包括香港館的建築模型、《永遠盛開的紫荊花》複製品、《光耀無限》燈飾、香港館正門的標誌牌、香港特區為參與上海世博會發行的紀念郵票及首日封、《基本法》及時任中共中央總書記兼國家主席江澤民在香港特區成立典禮上致辭的文本、香港館派發的全套紀念品，以及在實踐區展覽派發的無線射頻辨識手環。頂層的《連繫自然：香港濕地物種》短片，在世博後安排在香港濕地公園放映。首層的三維電影《無限城市－香港》則在2011年4月14日至7月13日，在香港文化博物館視聽導賞廳放映。宣傳歌曲香港歌手張學友是上海世博會香港宣傳大使，聯同孫耀威、謝安琪、張敬軒、麥家瑜、樂隊Mr.演唱世博會香港主題曲《無限之城》，孫耀威作曲，粵語版由陳少琪填詞，國語版由孫耀威填詞；英文版本《City of Hope》由陳奕迅演唱，陳少琪及莊冬昕填詞，香港电台统筹製作。相關條目中国2010年上海世界博览会澳門館香港案例：智能卡、智能城市、智能生活參考文獻外部链接 2010年上海世博会香港官方网站香港館，2010年上海世博會網站 2010年上海世界博覽會展館中國大陸—香港關係
戴维·希金斯（，），生于新南威尔士州，澳大利亚男子射箭运动员。他曾代表澳大利亚参加1984年夏季残疾人奥林匹克运动会射箭比赛，获得一枚银牌。参考资料澳大利亚男子射箭运动员澳大利亚残奥射箭运动员 1984年夏季残疾人奥林匹克运动会射箭运动员 1984年夏季残疾人奥林匹克运动会奖牌得主残疾人奥林匹克运动会射箭奖牌得主澳大利亚残疾人奥林匹克运动会银牌得主
新港街道可以指：
神鐵六甲站（）位於兵庫縣神戶市北區有野町唐櫃字種池，是神戶電鐵有馬線的鐵路車站。車站編號為KB13，標高323公尺。歷史 1928年（昭和3年）11月28日 - 神戶有馬電氣鐵道的湊川 - 電鐵有馬（現在的有馬溫泉站）間開通，本站同時開業，當時的站名為六甲北口站。 1929年（昭和4年）10月10日 - 改名為六甲登山口站。 1947年（昭和22年）1月9日 - 公司與三木電氣鐵道合併，改稱為神有三木電氣鐵道（現在的神戶電鐵）。 1988年（昭和63年）4月1日 - 改名為神鐵六甲站。 1996年（平成8年）10月 - 站房改建。車站構造側式月台2面2線的地面車站。具有山中小屋風格的站房位於下行月台，上下行月台間有平交道連結。月台 ※月台並無設定編號。車站周邊車站附近為住宅區。多聞寺唐櫃交流道兵庫縣道15号神戶三田線（有馬街道）公車路線設有公車站「六甲登山口」，可搭乘阪急巴士與神姬巴士。相鄰車站神戶電鐵有馬線特快速、急行通過準急、普通大池（KB12）－神鐵六甲（KB13）－唐櫃台（KB14）參考資料外部連結北區鐵路車站 (神戶市) ntetsuRokkou 有馬線車站 (神戶電鐵) 1928年啟用的鐵路車站
可逆性后部脑病综合征（PRES）（英文：Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome），或称可逆性后部脑白质变性（RPLS）（英语：reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome），是一种以头痛、意识障碍、癫痫及视力受损为主的病症，首次被报导于1996年。病因多样，可因恶性高血压、子痫或应用某些药物引起，在磁共振成像（MRI）上表现为片状脑组织水肿。病症具有自限性，有时可残留影像学改变。病因 PRES有几大病因，包括免疫抑制剂治疗、肾衰、子痫、极度高血压及系统性红斑狼疮等，低镁血症可以扩大PRES的影响。症状和体征典型的PRES常伴有头痛、恶心、呕吐、性情改变、癫痫、昏睡及视觉障碍，局灶性神经系统体征罕见。诊断诊断常需借助脑部MRI扫描，至少应扫描三组序列，病灶表现为长T2信号，脑血管造影能提供进一步诊断。治疗治疗方法取决于原发病症。比如：病变与高血压有关，就该加强血压控制；如与用药相关就停用相关药物。预后在控制血压及解除原发病后，大部分病例可以在1～2周内恢复，但也可能遗留长期甚至永久的神经系统功能障碍。少数情况下，进行性脑水肿或脑出血可以造成患者死亡。流行病学发病率尚未明了，已知病例包括2～90岁患者，无明显好发年龄，在女性之发病率可能略高。参见脑白质病参考文獻神经系统紊乱高血压
John Dodington or Doddington may refer to: John Dodington (bass), Canadian singer John Dodington (died 1585), MP for Westminster John Doddington (fl. 1640), MP
Herobrine（社区俗稱：HIM，全称：“Herobrine in -{Mine}-craft”，或直接被称作白眼人）是《Minecraft》遊戲社区传说的一個都市傳說中的角色，也是《Minecraft》社区的主要文化符号之一。该人物首次出现在4chan的/v/版面中，据最初的传闻描述，Herobrine会出现在玩家的遊戲世界中，并建造奇怪的建筑。然而，Mojang已确认Herobrine从未被加入《Minecraft》，并且没有增加Herobrine的计划，而其官方百科表示不会参与任何关于Herobrine的传播。。Herobrine不曾在任何《Minecraft》官方版本中出現（包括Minecraft攜帶版、Xbox版、PS4版），但可透過玩家自製的游戏模组和材質包生成。角色由來說法由来和身世據傳聞，Herobrine第一次出現在4chan的/v/版面中的一篇描述玩家目擊Herobrine的貼文，之后在Brocraft主播“Copeland”和“Patimuss”的直播后流行起来。这一版本对Herobrine的描述后被认为是“经典”描述，而之后的其他差异均被认为是基于这一“经典”描述的二次创作。据传说，Herobrine是《Minecraft》創立人馬庫斯·阿列克謝·泊松的已故兄弟，與史蒂夫（即玩家）有着天生的仇恨，但馬庫斯·泊松沒有已故兄弟，由來身世說法明顯不是事實的。能力一种说法认为，Herobrine有着如同病毒的特征。它可以更改和操縱Minecraft的遊戲世界，刪除論壇帖子和傳信息。甚至可進入Notch的電子郵箱來回覆信息。但作者馬庫斯·泊松非常排斥這個故事，因為它沒有實際依據。事实上大部分玩家并没有遇到过，所谓来自“Herobrine”的帖子被猜测也许是恶意玩家做的一个恶作剧。操縱Minecraft世界经典传说中，Herobrine拥有无限方块、飞行（并不是真的飞行，而是类似于滑行一样的效果）和控制时间和气象的能力，并且可以在玩家的游戏中使用任何指令，与其他生物互动，控制中立型生物甚至会控制玩家的移动等等，有些能力类似于玩家在创造模式中的能力。准确来说，Herobrine是一个“生物”（也是可以通过游戏命令操作的实体）。在Minecraft社区中还曾经出现过Herobrine模组供玩家下载。經典版故事中，初始版本的內容提到Herobrine擁有奔跑的能力，而在Brocast頻道的視頻中Herobrine總是垂手站着，盯着玩家，却可以在不做任何动作的情况下移动。在社區创作中，Herobrine與末影人相似，擁有瞬移的能力，而與經典版本不符。角色外貌經典外貌 Herobrine擁有與史蒂夫一樣的身軀、皮膚。不同之處，Herobrine其雙眼反白，甚至在晚上雙眼會發光。社區创作有時會手握鑽石鎬出現，因為玩家相信的Herobrine是一名礦工。但「目擊者」通常說它雙手空空的。 Herobrine與流行文化 Mojang AB Herobrine的圖片曾經在Mojang AB制作的媒体图片中出現。 Minecraft Xbox 360的攤位展板。參見 Minecraft模組：部分模組將Herobrine加入遊戲都市傳說注释參考外部链接 Herobrine Rises: A Minecraft Adventure MNN (Minecraft news network) Is herobrine real? Evil Herobrine mod softonic minecraft pocket edition Hauntings and Hoaxes: Gaming's Weirdest Ghost Stories* 我的世界系列虛構生物網路迷因
大楼病综合征的诊断是什么？一般无需做辅助检查，如症状严重者，可作X线检查。
Georgios Karpouzis (born 20 April 1958) is a Greek former swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1976 Summer Olympics. References 1958 births Living people Greek male swimmers Olympic swimmers for Greece Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Alexandria
急性肠胃炎严重会导致什么？急性胃肠炎大多是由于吃了不洁的食物或者是受凉引起的，针对急性胃肠炎，轻症病人一般不需要特殊处理，注意保暖、多喝水、流质饮食，3-5天左右症状基本上完全缓解。如果腹痛、腹泻或者是发热的症状比较重，伴有明显的恶心、呕吐，如果口服药物症状仍然不能缓解，应该好到医院去进一步就诊。急性胃炎患者经常脱水，而失水过多又会导致皮肤性差，眼睛下陷等一系列并发症。急性胃肠炎若得不到及时治疗，可引起肠息肉，肠狭窄，肛窦炎，便血以及肛管炎。急性肠胃炎有严重的也有轻的，实际上很多疾病都有重有轻。对于轻型的急性肠胃炎，经过饮食的控制，然后经过适当的药物的辅助，很快就容易好，但是急性肠胃炎也有很严重的疾病，甚至需要在医院住院治疗，所以在此种症状下如果症状很重还是好是咨询专业医生。急性的胃肠炎多是由进食不洁的食物导致，变质的食物会对胃黏膜造成刺激，出现恶性、呕吐的症状。有些人可能还会出现严重的腹痛、腹泻，甚至出现脱水的症状。此种症状首先需要及时补充丢失的水分和电解质。如果脱水不严重可以口服补液盐，如果脱水严重或电解质紊乱严重，需要静脉输液。需要进行相关检查明确是否存在细菌的感染，如果存在细菌感染，需要口服或静脉应用抗生素治疗。注意休息，进食清淡易消化食物。急性肠胃炎的病人如果及时的积极治疗，一般不会留有后遗症，但是如果病人没有及时治疗，可能会引起胃部的损伤，可能会形成慢性胃炎以及胃溃疡。急性胃炎一般是病人饮食不洁或者食用了腐败变质的食物造成的。急性肠胃炎在急性期，是要禁止进食的，因为在急性肠胃炎急性期如果进食食物。它还会出现恶心，呕吐，腹泻的症状，在过了急性期，可以进食流质饮食及有保护胃粘膜的食物，有小米粥等粥类，逐渐的增加食物量，可进食容易消化的食物。
Anarsia malagasyella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Viette in 1968. It is found in Madagascar. References malagasyella Moths described in 1968 Moths of Madagascar
Hauser Junior-Senior High School is a public high school located in Hope, Indiana. See also List of high schools in Indiana References External links Official Website Public high schools in Indiana Schools in Bartholomew County, Indiana
The spotted ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus spilosoma) is a species of ground squirrel in the rodent family Sciuridae. It is found throughout Mexico and the central and western United States. Characterized by a white spotted back, the spotted ground squirrel is one of the smallest squirrels found in North America. They are mainly herbivorous, but also eat insects. A burrowing mammal, the spotted ground squirrel will make tunnels to store its food, as well as shelter and hibernation quarters. Description The spotted ground squirrel is one of the smallest squirrels to inhabit the northern hemisphere. It has many white linear dorsal spots, as well as a white underbelly. Coloration of the rest of its body varies greatly and can be different shades of brown, black, gray and white. Its skull resembles that of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, but is slightly broader in the interorbital and rostral regions. A unique characteristic of the skull is the presence of especially large auditory bullae. X. spilosoma has two pelages and molts each year. Adults emerging from hibernation usually display thicker pelages, which are shed by the springtime. Juveniles tend to have darker pelages than their adult counterparts. Fur color can be influenced by environmental surrounds, and it has been found that populations in soil rich areas tend to have darker colorings than grassland living populations. Distribution and habitat The spotted ground squirrel can range from south central South Dakota, through Nebraska where it inhabits sand hills present there. It's also found in eastern Colorado, northwestern Oklahoma, western Texas, eastern Arizona, western Kansas, the large majority of New Mexico and the southeastern part of Utah. Mexico species distribution is limited to south and central Mexico. It is generally found within areas of deep sand soils where vegetation is sparse and scattered, aligning with the environments of the distributive areas it is found in. Being a burrowing animal, the spotted ground squirrel will inhabit sand hills and dunes where it makes it home and has even been found to dwell within abandoned prairie dog burrows. Spotted ground squirrel burrows are usually found on short grass mesa's or along the banks of rivers. They prefer lighter, more sparse soil to create their burrows with and this is why they dwell in arid, dry landscapes that contain this type of soil. Diet The spotted ground squirrel is a herbivore and feeds on seeds and green plant parts. It is generally not to be considered a carnivore. Green grass shoots are consumed in the spring and eventually the flowers and seeds of green plants that arise in the summer. The spotted ground squirrel can also display Insectivore like habits within its diet in the late summer by feeding on mainly Grasshopper larvae. Behavior Though the spotted ground squirrel is considered to be generally a burrowing mammal which spends a large portion of its time in hibernation, it spends a majority of its above-ground activity foraging and feeding on food resources. With the rest of its time being dedicated to alert calls, maintenance behavior (resting, sun bathing, grooming) and sexual behavior in males and females. During their mating season sexual behavior plays a larger role in its above ground activity, involving a 'frenzy' like pattern of males entering and exiting their burrows sporadically, most likely observed as a type of courting behavior. The spotted ground squirrel have 7 different alert postures used to warn others about likely predators in the area or to stake a territory claim against other males during mating seasons. Hibernation behavior has been observed to begin in late July and go all the way through to April and May. Seasonal activity cycles occurs during the months of April/May through July/August and is estimated to be 115–135 days for males and 95–125 days for females. References Xerospermophilus Mammals described in 1833 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Exmoor Ales is a microbrewery based in Wiveliscombe, Somerset, England. The brewery was previously called Golden Hill Brewery. Exmoor Ales was founded in 1980 in the former Hancock's Brewery in Wiveliscombe. They produce 13,000 barrels annually. Of the beers they make, 85% are cask ales. Their Exmoor Gold beer was first brewed in 1986 to celebrate 1,000 beer being brewed. Exmoor Gold was the first golden ale in Britain. In 2015, it was named Best Britain Golden Ale in Southwest England by CAMRA. References External links Breweries in England Wiveliscombe Companies based in Somerset 1980 establishments in England Exmoor
中度宫颈炎怎么治疗最好？宫颈炎疾病也是妇科疾病常见的一种，其发病率一点也不低于阴道炎疾病，给女性患者的健康造成的伤害也很大。它的病发原因有很多，不洁的性生活、流产后的细菌感染，主要症状是白带增多，有时呈脓性，常伴有下腹疼痛的症状，那么中度宫颈炎怎么治疗最好呢？接下来我们一起来看看吧。物理治疗：物理治疗宫颈炎是以局部的微创治疗为主。物理治疗的原理是将宫颈病变的上皮破坏，使之坏死、脱落，新生的鳞状上皮再重新覆盖有病变的部位，使宫颈转为光滑，达到治疗宫颈炎的目的。物理治疗的缺点是妇科病宫颈炎的物理治疗，很容易伤及宫颈正常组织，使其受到伤害，影响以后的性生活。而且，宫颈组织的损伤，易发生宫颈粘连，造成精子无法顺利进入宫颈，导致不孕的发生。电熨法治疗慢性宫颈炎就是将整个病变组织烧灼后，使之坏死脱落，治疗之时须达到一定深度，方能得到理想的治疗效果。但手术之后，会留下较大面积的疤痕，可能会对分泌腺造成影响，使宫颈粘液发生改变，从而导致不孕症发生。当然，这也不是绝对的，高水准的手术能将这些危害降至最低。药物治疗宫颈炎：药物治疗比较适用于宫颈糜烂炎症小、病变面积小的案例。这个时候的病情比较容易得到控制，因此，可以采用药物进行局部的治疗。但是由于每个人的身体状况不同，因此，尽量根据专业医生的建议进行用药治疗。以上便是关于中度宫颈炎怎么治疗最好的解答，宫颈炎疾病的危害极大，千万不要忽视，应该及时去医院进行治疗，这样才能避免给自己健康带来不必要的危害。不过在治疗的时候，一定不能忘了饮食这方便的注意事项哦，以免因为饮食而加大治疗的难度。希望以上的解答对您有所帮助。

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