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南幌延站（）是位於北海道天鹽郡幌延町大字開進小字南上幌延的北海道旅客鐵道（JR北海道）宗谷本線的無人站，車站編碼為W70。電報略號為ミホ。每日上下午各有三班停在這站。
車站名稱是由於其位於幌延町的南方，故冠上「南」字。
車站構造
為單式月台，一個月台一條乘車線的地面車站。由開業開始已經是無人站。月台往稚內方向亦設有斜路連接車站外的設施。
木造的候車室，並放置了除雪用器具。
車站周邊
車站周圍為廣大的原野及牧場地帶。
北海道道256号丰富远别线
南上幌延集會所
天鹽高台大規模草地 - 位於天鹽川對面的天鹽町區域
天鹽川
歷史
1959年（昭和34年）11月1日 - 日本國有鐵道之車站啟用。開始乘客處理服務。
1987年（昭和62年）4月1日 - 正式民營化並進行分割，車站劃歸由JR北海道繼承。
相鄰車站
北海道旅客鐵道（JR北海道）
宗谷本線
雄信內（W68）－南幌延（W70）－幌延（W72）
參見
宗谷本線
北海道鐵路路線
外部連結
JR北海道 – 南幌延站
全驛參觀之旅
宗谷本線車站
宗谷管內鐵路車站
namihoronobe
1959年啟用的鐵路車站
幌延町
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醋甲唑胺片药物相作用？1? 碳酸酐酶抑制剂与高剂量阿斯匹林合用可引起严重的代谢紊乱。因此，本品与水杨酸制剂合用要慎重。 2? 低剂量醋甲唑胺本身不引起低血钾，但碳酸酐酶抑制剂可增加其他药物的排钾作用。 3? 与促肾上腺皮质激素、糖皮质激素联合使用，可以导致严重的低血钾，在联合用药时应注意监护血清钾的浓度及心脏功能。亦应估计到长期同时使用有增加低血钙的危险，可以造成骨质疏松，因为这些药增加钙的排泄。
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幽门管溃疡的疾病分类是什么?？消化内科 疾病描述 病理生理与DU相似，胃酸一般增多。幽门管溃疡常缺乏典型溃疡的周期性和节律性疼痛，餐后上腹痛多见，对抗酸药反应差，容易出现呕吐或幽门梗阻，穿孔或出血等并发症也较多。
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小儿麻痹腿的早期症状？小儿麻痹症这种疾病，比较流行的时候，最好还是不要去一些人多的地方，公共的场合，这样的话就可以减少，感染的机会。平时那也一定要多注意饮食卫生，还有平时的休息时间一定要合理。只有这样才可以，避免小儿麻痹症感染。这样就不会导致生病，甚至救治不及时导致瘫痪。一开始的症状，就是身体会特别的烦躁，且根本不想吃饭，不喜欢吃饭。甚至会出现发烧的症状。有的患者还会出现咳嗽，咽喉疼痛等等这一系列的症状。如果一开始出现这些症状的时候，没有引起重视的话，那等这些症状消失的时候，过一段时间，然后症状就会更加的严重，甚至于身体的皮肤也会出现一定的表现。小儿麻痹症的患者如果不及时的治疗的话是很容易引起瘫痪的。患者如果瘫痪了的话。或者是半瘫痪的话，治疗好了之后还是需要进行康复治疗的。康复治疗的时候，主要就是帮助患者进行，做起来啊，站起来行走等等这一系列的康复训练。这个时候患者的腿是没有办法保持住平衡的，他需要靠东西来支撑它，慢慢的慢慢的，一点一点的康复，最后可以慢慢一点一点的往前挪步一直到差不多可以正常的行走为止。小儿麻痹症就是由病毒引起的，一种比较急性的传染疾病。因为在孩子的身上发生的比较多，所以才会被叫做小儿麻痹症，这种病也是生活中比较常见的，它是由于感染引起的以侵犯神经系统脊髓灰质，在小儿麻痹腿的早期会出现发热，四肢疼痛等主要的症状。一旦出现这种病，治疗不及时可能会导致瘫痪。
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In Greek mythology, Pithos (Ancient Greek: Πίθον means 'large wine-jar') was the "broadbreasted" satyr who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India. He was destroyed by Tectaphus with a bare steel.
Note
References
Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca. 3 Vols. W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Characters in Greek mythology
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過去完成時（英語：pluperfect tense，來自拉丁語 plus quam perfectum 更加完成），在英語中也叫做“past perfect”，是存在於多數印歐語言中一種完成性時態，用來指定在另一個過去行動之前就已經完成了的一個事件。
過去完成時的類型
一般上有兩類過去完成時，對應於兩類完成:
狀態的過去完成時。把某個事件的結果關聯於在過去時敘述期間的這個事件:“He saw that the door had opened, and children were running through it.” 幾乎同於“...He saw that the door was open, and children...” 。狀態的過去完成時，在與這個行動事實的結合上，位於過去時態(the door opened yesterday) 和是過去分詞的表語形容詞(the door was open since yesterday)的中間。
行動的過去完成時。一系列過去完成時句子傳達一個敘述。這種過去完成時更加密切的聯合於英語中平常的過去時態。它只充當把敘述放置於“更遠的過去”中，而不用確定它的特定時間或持續時間，比如:“He had risen early that morning and had drunk coffee earlier than usual.”
各語言例子
參見
現在式
過去式
未來式
过去分词
现在分词
完成式
外部連結
Grammar Tutorials - a column overview of the English tenses
語法時態
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卵巢巧克力囊肿手术后可以吃粗粮吗？巧克力囊肿可在宫腔镜的窥视下看到子宫内膜样组织，由于这种囊肿内潴留的陈旧血瘀如巧克力糊状的颜色，巧克力囊肿的治疗准绳是：对有生育请求的年轻妇女普通采用药物治疗并定期随访检查。若病症较重，经药物治疗效果不明显，或卵巢有较大包块的，能够采用激进性手术，如卵巢内膜囊肿巧克力液抽吸术，内膜囊肿剥除术或患巧克力囊肿手术以后应该吃些营养的，温通经络的，滋补肝肾的食品，、然后手术后在来过两次月经，就倡议B超复查为好。侧卵巢切除术，以保存正常卵巢和生育功用。不过，经激进性手术后仍有可能复发。具体合适的食物：牛奶、菠菜、山药、白菜、油菜、香菇、瘦肉、鸡蛋、鲫鱼、苹果、鸭梨、大枣、花生等。忌讳食品：蟹、带鱼、青鱼、鹅肉、狗肉、辣椒、生葱、生蒜、桂圆、橘子、白酒等，，具体的是温通经络的，滋补肝肾的食品，如山药，黑大豆，黑芝麻，核桃，黑米，豆制品，枸杞子炒菜煲汤，黑木耳，海带等，多补充维生素，补充蛋白质等。不吃或少吃辛辣剌激的，忌饮酒，忌喝碳酸饮料等，并留意增强体育锻炼，留意保暖，防止受寒受风受湿等。巧克力囊肿患者，主要是防止海鲜，油腻，辛辣，冰冻等刺激性食物。卵巢囊肿术后护理中的饮食宜油腻，并富含足够的营养，纠正偏食及不正常的饮食习气，不宜食用刺激性、海产品等。情绪方面的注意：卵巢囊肿术后避免高度慌张及肉体刺激，坚持悲观心情及充足睡眠。固然卵巢囊肿手术曾经完成，但是要想患者身体早日康复，还需求患者和家眷在饮食上下时间，让安康早日回来。微创术后普通在一个月左右可以恢复。
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The 2015 Grand Rapids mayoral election took place on August 4, 2015 to elect the Mayor of Grand Rapids, Michigan. It saw the election of Rosalynn Bliss.
Bliss became the first female mayor of Grand Rapids.
Incumbent mayor George Heartwell was term-limited.
The election was officially nonpartisan.
If no candidate had received a majority of the vote in the initial round, a runoff election was held between the top-two finishers.
Results
References
Mayoral elections in Grand Rapids, Michigan
2015 Michigan elections
Grand Rapids
Grand Rapids
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产后多久开始抑郁？经历了漫长的10月怀胎之后，此时产妇的心情也会变得非常的轻松了，但是生产之后导致女性的激素急剧变化，比如说体重的增加，线材的背变形，都会影响产后女性的心理的，而且生完孩子之后感觉是非常劳累的，因为每天都要照顾孩子，这时候才不容易，会出现激动疲惫，烦躁不安，脾气暴躁的情况，一般都会成为是产后抑郁的。1、产后抑郁症是女性精神障碍中最常见的一种类型的，是女性生产之后由于性技术，社会角色，你既心理变化所带来的身体情绪心理等一系列的变化的，典型的产后抑郁症一般是在生完孩子六周以内发生了，可持续整个产褥期的。2、生完孩子之后，女性的体质是比较虚弱的，所以产妇的休息和睡眠无法是同步的，常常会感觉到疲惫不堪，会更加的加重抑郁的，此时家人应该多多的，照顾或者是关爱孕产妇的，这样可以有助于减轻抑郁。3、一旦出现了产后抑郁，往往都是走不出来的，平时应该多多和闺蜜聚餐聊天，和别人聊聊育儿经验，把自己的心事说出来让别人帮助化解的，或者是听听音乐，或者是通过适当的运动来排除自己的压力。产后抑郁症患者危害很大，她们会伤及到自己，如果她们一直担心自己的身体或者是，担心自己的孩子，那么他们有的时候会伤害自己或者伤害孩子的，这个时候我们一定要观察好，产妇的一举一动。产后抑郁症影响到了产妇的健康产妇这个时候身体是比较虚弱的，有的刨腹产的话，身体就更加的虚弱，如果她们这个时候还同时患上了产后抑郁症，那么病情会更加严重的，心理上的疾病也会影响到身体上的恢复。
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韓啟泰（），山西平陽府蒲州臨晉縣人，明朝政治人物。
生平
韓啟泰是萬曆四十六年（1618年）的舉人，崇禎七年（1634年）成進士，獲授行人，到貴州擔任鄉試考官，陞官刑部主事。他身體瘦削，甘於素淡而請求辭官供養父母；甲申之變後移居山中不出仕，建立書舍、教育子弟、獎勵鄉賢，家門冷清並身無長物，經過他家的人都不知他曾是先朝逸老。
引用
參考文獻
乾隆《蒲州府志》·卷八·選舉上
民國《臨晉縣志》·卷九·鄉賢錄上
Q
临猗人
萬曆四十六年戊午科山西鄉試舉人
明朝行人司行人
明朝鄉試考官
明朝刑部主事
明遗民
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甲状腺功能五项检查需要多少钱呢？甲状腺疾病影响到患者内分泌，应该及时进行检查，比如甲状腺功能五项。甲状腺功能五项，包括总三碘甲状腺原氨酸、总甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、促甲状腺激素、反三碘甲状腺原氨酸。甲状腺功能五项检查，具体费用在200元左右。在我们生活中常常会因为某些因素引发疾病，甲状腺就是常见一种。甲状腺疾病属于内分泌疾病，患病之后，甲状腺分泌会出现问题，不然患者出现不适症状。甲状腺疾病的诊断方法，除了通过症状之外，还需要进行检查，这样才可以进行针对性的治疗方案。甲状腺五项检查费用在200元左右。患者选择的医院不同、地区消费水平不同，产生的费用是不一样的。一线城市消费较高，甲状腺五项检查费用会高一点，如果在小城市检查，费用低。每一个医院资质不同，费用也有差异，但相差不会太大。患者进行甲状腺五项检查时，要空腹检查。甲状腺五项检查包括，三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、促甲状腺素、反三碘甲状腺原氨酸。下面为大家依次介绍。第一，三碘甲状腺原氨酸。正常范围值是1.8到2.9。如果出现增高，有可能发生甲亢、高功能性甲状腺腺瘤、结节性甲状腺肿大。第二，甲状腺素。正常范围值是65到156。出现偏高容易发生假性甲亢。第三，游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸。正常值是2.16到6.78。偏高，主要是甲亢危象，偏低是甲减。第四，游离甲状腺素。正常值是10.03到6.78，偏高容易发生无痛性甲状腺炎，偏低容易发生慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺晚期。第五，促甲状腺激素。小于60岁患者，正常范围值是2到10，大约60岁，正常值是2.0到7.3。做这五项检查，费用不是很高，只要患者到正规的医院检查，收费都很合理。当甲状腺不舒服时，可通过以上五项检查来判断疾病类型，有利于治疗。
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Czajka is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Eugeniusz Czajka (1927–2011), Polish field hockey player
Jerzy Czajka (born 1942), Polish field hockey player
, Polish computer scientist
See also
Polish-language surnames
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Skanderbeg Square () is a square in Pristina, Kosovo.
Location and history
Following the end of the Kosovo conflict in 1999 and no longer under Serbian rule, Kosovo Albanians in 2001 erected a monument within the centre of Pristina to Skanderbeg, a medieval Albanian who fought against Ottoman forces. Over a journey of four days the statue was brought from Krujë in Albania to the middle of Pristina. The Skanderbeg statue of Pristina shares a similar socialist aesthetic and equestrian posture with minor differences in detail to existing Skanderbeg monuments in Tiranë, Skopje and other places in Europe. Skanderbeg is depicted on a horse with its right leg up in a menacing pose and his sword is outside of its sheath and pointed toward the ground. A war memorial dedicated to the victims of the Kosovo war is present in Skanderbeg square along with a series of photographs depicting the missing from the conflict. Skanderbeg Square is bordered on one side by Rugova Square, a space named after the first Kosovo President Ibrahim Rugova and on the other side by Mother Teresa Boulevard, named after Saint Teresa of Calcutta. Along with Tiranë and Skopje, Pristina is one of three Balkan capitals to install a Skanderbeg statue.
Gallery
See also
Skanderbeg Square in Tiranë, Albania
Skanderbeg Square in Skopje, North Macedonia
References
External links
Geography of Pristina
Tourist attractions in Pristina
Squares in Kosovo
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基底细胞瘤该如何进行鉴别诊断？根据临床及病理表现不难诊断，应与鳞状细胞癌，Bowen病，Paget病，日光角化病，脂溢性角化病等鉴别。
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甲型病毒性肝炎能治好吗？甲型病毒性肝炎主要是由于进食了被甲肝病毒污染的植物或者是水导致感染这种疾病。需要戒烟戒酒，给予积极的保护肝脏功能。建议和指导，这种病毒感染，主要是给予对症治疗和营养支持治疗，这样有利于这种疾病的恢复，一般经过积极的治疗是可以完全治愈的，会形成甲型肝炎抗体。那么甲型病毒性肝炎怎么治疗呢。甲型肝炎是.种有自限病程的急性传染病，除了少数特别严重的暴发型病例外，其他所有病例预后良好。自然病程不超过3～6周。只需根据病情给予适当休息、营养和对症支持疗法，防止继发感染及其他损害，即可迅速恢复健康。1.一般治疗(1)休息：急性肝炎应注意卧床休息至症状消失，亦应注意避免过度脑力劳动。急性重症肝炎应绝对卧床休息。病人应保持良好心态。(2)营养：病毒性肝炎患者宜进食高蛋白质、低脂肪、高维生素类食物，糖类摄取要适量，不可过多，以避免发生脂肪肝。恢复期要避免进食过多。绝对禁酒，不饮含有乙醇的饮料、营养品及药物。2.药物治疗甲型肝炎不转变为慢性，主要采取支持与对症治疗。3.中医中药治疗热重者可服茵陈蒿汤、栀子柏皮汤加减；湿重者可服茵陈胃苓汤加减；湿热并重者宜用茵陈蒿汤和胃苓汤合方加减；肝气郁结者可用逍遥散、脾虚湿困者可用平胃散。4.急性重症肝炎治疗注意监护，补充足够的热量，纠正水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱，积极治疗并发症，加强对症支持治疗，包括输注新鲜血浆及清蛋白、凝血酶原复合物，应用促肝细胞生长素促进肝细胞再生。患者应注意以清淡的、易消化的食物为宜，多吃含多种维生素的新鲜蔬菜及水果为宜，不应暴饮暴食戒烟戒酒。
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大事记
罗马帝国
1月24日——皇帝卡利古拉被杀，其叔父克勞狄烏斯一世在禁卫军拥立下即位。
各国领袖
非洲
库施
国王：Amanitaraqide（40年－50年）
亚洲
中国
东汉：
皇帝：汉光武帝（25年－57年）
朝鲜
百济：
国王：多娄王（28年－77年）
高句丽：
国王：大武神王（18年－44年）
新罗：
国王：儒理尼师今（24年－57年）
贵霜帝国
国王：丘就却（30年－80年）
欧洲
高加索伊比里亚
国王：米尔达特一世（30年－50年）
罗马帝国
皇帝：
卡利古拉（37年－41年）
克劳狄一世（41年－54年）
中东
科马吉尼
国王：Antiochus IV（41年－72年）
奈巴提亚
国王：Malichus II（40年－70年）
奥斯若恩
国王：Abgar V（13年－50年）
安息
国王（内战导致政权并立）：
瓦尔达内斯一世（38年－47年）
戈塔尔泽斯二世（38年－51年）
出生
逝世
卡利古拉，罗马皇帝（12年出生，29岁）
参见
1年
4
als:40er#41
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能愿动词是指现代汉语中的一种用以表达可能、意愿、必要的动词，又被称为情态动词或助动词。
注意：情态动词是普通语言学中对世界各地语言中这一类动词的总的称呼；也可以特指某一语言中的情态动词。能愿动词则是汉语中的情态动词的特别称呼。
分类标准
能愿动词的划分，包括动词和副词的划界、能愿动词和一般动词的划界。20世纪50年代以后的研究中，能愿动词的划分主要以形式标准来划界，但由于选取的形式标准不同，情态动词的外延也有大有小。
汤廷池曾对这一问题有如下论述：“如果把国语助动词的语法特征限制得太宽，那么助动词与一般动词的界限就不容易辨别。反之，如果把助动词的语法特征限制得太严，那么国语的助动词就所剩无几。……我们也应该了解，词类与词类之间本来就没有黑白分明的界限。特别是国语的助动词，既缺乏英语助动词那样明确的形式标志，又没有英语助动词那样独特的句法表现，实不易成为一个明确而独立的语法范畴。因此，與其在动词与助动词之间勉强画出界限，不如对这些动词的语义与用法做更详尽的观察与深入的分析，以增进我们对于国语动词与助动词的了解。”
无论形式标准如何改变，一些一般不会有异议的典型能愿动词包括：
能，会，要，肯，敢，可能，可以，应该，愿意。
意义功能
词类划分
一般都认为能愿动词属于动词。但也有语法学家有不同意见。吕叔湘早期曾把能愿动词看作副词。还有一部分学者认为能愿动词中一部分是动词，一部分是副词，还有一部分是两属的。
句法特征
能愿动词的部分句法特征如下：
一、只能在谓词性词语前出现，不能带体词宾语。例如：
正确：森林能保卫城市。
错误：*森林能城市。
二、可以在“X不X”的形式里出现，表示疑问。例如：
正确：她会不会有别的想法？
错误：*他最不最好。
三、不能重叠。例如：
正确：他可以研究研究。
错误：*他可以可以研究。
四、不能带体标记“着”、“了”、“过”。例如：
正确：你应该吃了饭了。
错误：*你应该了吃饭了。
五、“能愿动词+趋向补语”的形式不成立。例如：
正确：他上山去了。
错误：*他可以去了。（当重音落在“去”上时，“去”是谓语动词，这句话可说；当重音落在“可以”上时，“去”是趋向补语，这句话不能说。）
但上述能愿动词的句法特征都不是特有的，有的和一般动词共有，有的是和副词共有的。
语法功能
关于“能愿动词+谓词性词语”这一结构如何分析，学术界颇有分歧。
第一种观点认为这属于动宾结构。支持者有赵元任、朱德熙、马庆株等。
第二种观点认为这属于偏正结构。支持者有黎锦熙、王力等。
第三种观点则认为，能愿动词既有谓宾动词的特点，又有副词的一些特点，处于谓宾动词和副词的中间环节，因此有的能愿短语是（或者说更接近于）动宾结构，有的是（或更接近于）偏正结构。支持者有胡裕树、邢福义、黄伯荣、廖序东等。
参考文献
动词
语言学
句法
詞性
汉语語法
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体寒不孕的症状有哪些？所谓体寒就是指寒性体质，即中医当中所说的偏阴质，一般女性体寒者较多，通常女性体寒多引发6大症状，即手脚怕冷、痛经、易疲劳、睡眠质量差、易关节疼痛、湿气重，若长久不愈不仅可诱发各类妇科疾病，同时还会增加女性患不孕症的几率。中医认为，体质反映着一个人在非疾病状态下的个体个异性，简言之，疾病的基础即体质，体寒是比较常见的人体体质之一，也就是我们常说的寒性体质，通常女性体寒者较多。1、手脚怕冷：体寒者多存在血瘀的情况，血流不畅则会导致人体末梢神经供血不足，如此一来患者就会出现手脚冰凉怕冷的情况，此类患者还具有喜喝热饮、不喜冰饮的情况。2、痛经：体寒的女性多有脾肾阳虚的问题，如此就容易导致宫寒，宫寒则易造成经血难以下行，这样就很容易导致女性出现痛经的情况，痛经严重时患者甚至无法下床，其危害不容小觑。3、易疲劳：体寒的人群往往喜静不喜动，精力也比较偏弱，所以较容易感到疲劳，有些患者还会伴随出现胸闷、气短等症状，若患者存在贫血的情况，则疲劳感会加剧。4、睡眠质量差：失眠、易惊醒等情况在体寒女性中也比较多见，这种情况若长期得不到解决，易导致女性出现神经衰弱，长期如此还会影响人体各脏腑的功能。5、易关节疼痛：由于体寒会导致肾气虚，而中医认为肾主骨，人体缺少了肾气，骨骼自然也就变得虚软无力，所以患者会时常有关节疼痛的感觉，而且此类患者也比较容易患风湿类疾病，所以要多加注意。6、湿气重：体寒人群一般阳气偏弱，长期发展就会致使脏腑机能衰退，如此则会导致水湿内生，最终造成湿气加重，湿气越重阳气越弱，所以如果不及时进行治疗，就会陷入恶性循环。女性体寒提现在哪些方面想必女性朋友已经清楚了，女性朋友若是发现自己已经出现上述症状，最好趁早到正规中医院进行确诊，切忌不当回事，更不要在未经医生允许的情况下自行滥用药，只有及时接受科学有效的检查和治疗，才能早日摆脱病症的纠缠。
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The 1977 La Flèche Wallonne was the 41st edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 7 April 1977. The race started and finished in Verviers. The race was won by Francesco Moser of the Sanson team.
General classification
Notes
References
1977 in road cycling
1977
1977 in Belgian sport
1977 Super Prestige Pernod
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女性子宫脱垂怎么治疗？子宫脱垂是指子宫从正常位置沿阴道下降，宫颈外口达坐骨棘水平以下，甚至子宫全部脱出于阴道口以外，常合并有阴道前壁和(或)后壁膨出.阴道前后壁又与膀胱、直肠相邻,因此子宫脱垂还可同时伴有膀胱尿道和直肠膨出等。子宫脱垂的治疗方法有：子宫托治疗，一般早晨起床后放入，晚上取出，月经期间不用；盆底肌锻炼法，适用于比较轻的子宫脱垂患者，每天用力的收缩肛门十到十五分钟，恢复盆底肌肉的收缩能力；手术治疗，适用于子宫脱垂非常严重，没有生育要求的患者。平时要注意休息，避免重体力劳动和剧烈运动，多吃蔬菜水果，保持大便的通畅，避免长期的站立或蹲坐，适当的锻炼身体，提高自身抵抗力。子宫脱垂的主要表现为腹部下坠感，腰酸、白带多，呈脓样或带血性，子宫脱垂不仅会造成泌尿、生殖系统的感染，严重时还会导致妇女部分或全部劳动能力丧失。造成子宫脱垂的病因主要有分娩损伤，是子宫脱垂发病的主要原因。卵巢功能减退，导致雌激素分泌减少，使盆底支持组织变得薄弱、松弛，易发生子宫脱垂，或使原来的脱垂程度加重。先天发育异常，未产妇发生子宫脱垂者，系因生殖器官支持组织发育不良所致。营养不良，营养严重缺乏可导致肌肉萎缩、盆腔内筋膜松弛，失去对子宫的支持作用。腹压增加，长期慢性咳嗽、便秘或排便用力等都可使腹压增加，促使子宫脱垂。女性子宫脱垂在日常护理上，主要注意适当休息，避免重体力劳动。避免长期站立或下蹲、屏气等增加腹压的动作。在饮食调理上，注意多吃海藻类的食物，其中海藻类食品包括发菜、紫菜、海带、海白菜、裙带菜等，海藻含矿物质最多的是钙、铁、钠、镁、磷、碘等。除此之外，应及时治疗慢性气管炎等增加腹压的疾病，并且适当进行身体锻炼，提高身体素质。
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Dutasteride, sold under the brand name Avodart among others, is a medication primarily used to treat the symptoms of a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an enlarged prostate not associated with cancer. A few months may be required before benefits occur. It is also used for scalp hair loss in men and as a part of hormone therapy in transgender women. It is usually taken by mouth.
The most commonly reported side effects of dutasteride, although rare, include sexual dysfunction and depression. In the largest available study of 6,729 men with BPH, 9% experienced erectile dysfunction (compared to 5.7% treated with a placebo), 3.3% experienced decreased sex drive (vs 1.6% of placebo), and 1.9% had enlarged breasts (vs 1% of placebo). Exposure during pregnancy is specifically contraindicated because antiandrogens such as dutasteride have been shown to interfere with the sexual development of male fetuses.
Dutasteride was patented in 1993 by GlaxoSmithKline and was approved for medical use in 2001. In the United States and elsewhere, it is available as a generic medication. In 2018, it was the 291st-most commonly prescribed medication in the US with more than 1million prescriptions.
Medical uses
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
Dutasteride is used for treating BPH, colloquially known as an "enlarged prostate". It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S. for this indication. A 2010 Cochrane review found a 25–26% reduction in the risk of developing prostate cancer with 5α-reductase inhibitor chemoprevention.
Scalp hair loss and excessive hair growth
Dutasteride is approved for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia in South Korea and Japan at a dosage of 0.5 mg per day. Several studies have found it to induce hair regrowth in men more rapidly and to a greater extent than even the highest approved dosage of finasteride. The superior effectiveness of dutasteride relative to finasteride for this indication is because the inhibition of 5α-reductase and consequent reduction of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production within the hair follicles is more complete with dutasteride. Dutasteride is also used off-label in the treatment of female pattern hair loss.
Other 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride (a type 2 inhibitor) have been used off-label to treat excessive hair growth in women with hirsutism. Since dutasteride is an inhibitor of both type 1 and 2 5α-reductases, it could theoretically be a more effective therapy for hirsutism. However, dutasteride is not recommended for this indication due to a lack of supportive clinical evidence and a substantial risk of birth defects in female patients who inadvertently become pregnant.
Transgender hormone therapy
Dutasteride is sometimes used as a component of hormone therapy for transgender women in combination with an estrogen and/or another antiandrogen such as spironolactone. It may be useful for treating scalp hair loss or in those who have issues tolerating spironolactone.
Available forms
Dutasteride is provided in the form of soft, oil-filled gelatin capsules containing 0.5 mg dutasteride each.
Contraindications
Women who are or who may become pregnant should not handle the drug. Dutasteride can cause birth defects in male fetuses, specifically ambiguous genitalia and undermasculinization. This is due to its antiandrogenic effects similar to what is seen in 5α-reductase deficiency. For the same reason, women who are currently pregnant should never take dutasteride. People taking dutasteride should not donate blood to prevent birth defects if a pregnant woman receives blood and should also not donate blood for at least 6 months after the cessation of treatment due to the drug's long elimination half-life.
Children and people with known significant hypersensitivity (e.g., serious skin reactions, angioedema) to dutasteride should not take it.
Adverse effects
Dutasteride has overall been found to be well tolerated in studies of both men and women, producing minimal side effects. Adverse effects include headache and gastrointestinal discomfort. Isolated reports of menstrual changes, acne, and dizziness also exist. A small risk of sexual side effects has been documented in men taking the drug during the first few months of therapy.
The FDA added a black-box warning to dutasteride in 2011 describing an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer in those who take the drug. No direct mechanistic link between 5α-reductase inhibitors and prostate cancer has been established. This is not due to a direct link between dutasteride or other 5α-reductase inhibitors and cancer per se, but rather that those who take 5α-reductase inhibitors may have a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and therefore increases in PSA (which are an indicator of possible cancer) may be masked in those who take the drug. This is thought to delay cancer diagnosis so that patients taking 5α-reductase inhibitors present with a higher-grade tumor at the time of diagnosis. The American Urological Association advises that increased risk for patients taking these drugs leads to higher prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. The AUA also advises that this affect can be alleviated with more frequent screening and lower PSA cutoffs for diagnostic biopsies in men taking dutasteride or other 5α-reductase inhibitors. Dutasteride is known to reduce the growth and prevalence of benign prostate tumors. A 2018 meta-analysis found no higher risk of breast cancer with 5α-reductase inhibitors.
Sexual and mood side effects, such as erectile dysfunction, loss of libido, depression, and reduced semen volume occur in as many as 4.8% of patients taking 5α-reductase inhibitors including dutasteride. In affected men, semen volume is decreased an average of 30%, with a smaller subgroup of patients also experiencing a decrease of sperm motility of 6-12%. Sperm shape and function are unaffected and the impact on male fertility is unknown. These negative effects reverse by 3–4 months after discontinuation of the drug.
In a study of 6,729 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, a condition where the prostate grows unnassociated with cancer), 9% had erectile dysfunction (compared to 5.7% treated with a placebo), 3.3% experienced decreased sex drive (vs 1.6% of placebo), and 1.9% had enlarged breasts (vs 1% of placebo). These effects were noted to resolve over time, with many fewer men reporting any adverse effects by the end of the 4-year study. The rate of discontinuation of the drug due to adverse effects was less than 5%.
A subset of men affected by sexual and mood side effects report persistent loss of libido, depression, and erectile dysfunction for several years after discontinuing treatment. This remains a highly contested topic in the academic literature due to disagreements about whether the nocebo effect may play a role, whether self-report questionnaires are reliable for this data, and whether enough objective evidence exists to conclude these effects are persistent after discontinuation of the drug. The Post-Finasteride Syndrome Foundation (PFSF) was created with a medical advisory board to study the topic (finasteride is a similar 5α-reductase inhibitor) and lawsuits alleging harm from the drug are ongoing. Concerns from the PFSF and other patient advocates led the FDA to add a black-box warning to Finasteride for possible risks of suicide in June 2022. Some experts have questioned the basis of the black-box warning, given that it relies on anecdotal patient-reported outcomes rather than prospective trials.
Overdose
No specific antidote for overdose of dutasteride is known, since the drug is extremely safe and well tolerated. Research studies show that even at 100 times the normal dose, dutasteride is not lethal. Treatment of dutasteride overdose should be based on symptoms and should be with supportive therapies. The long elimination half-life of dutasteride should be taken into consideration in the event of an overdose of the medication. Dutasteride has been used in clinical studies at doses of up to 40 mg/day for a week (80 times the therapeutic dosage) and 5 mg/day for 6 months (10 times the therapeutic dosage) with no significant safety concerns or additional side effects.
Current investigations
Dutasteride has been studied in combination with bicalutamide in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Ongoing clinical trials are investigating whether dutasteride may be an effective treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), because dutasteride may inhibit the conversion of progesterone to allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid metabolite, which may be responsible for some of the debilitating symptoms of PMDD.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Dutasteride belongs to a class of drugs called 5α-reductase inhibitors, which block the action of the 5α-reductase enzymes that convert testosterone into DHT. It inhibits all three forms of 5α-reductase, and can decrease DHT levels in the blood by up to 98%. Specifically it is a competitive, mechanism-based (irreversible) inhibitor of all three isoforms of 5α-reductase, types I, II, and III ( values are 3.9 nM for type I and 1.8 nM for type II). This is in contrast to finasteride, which is similarly an irreversible inhibitor of 5α-reductase but only inhibits the type II and III isoenzymes. As a result of this difference, dutasteride is able to achieve a reduction in circulating DHT levels of up to 98%, whereas finasteride is able to achieve a reduction of only 65 to 70%. In spite of the differential reduction in circulating DHT levels, the two drugs decrease levels of DHT to a similar extent of approximately 85 to 90% in the prostate gland, where the type II isoform predominates.
Since 5α-reductases degrade testosterone to DHT, the inhibition of these enzymes could theoretically cause an increase in testosterone. A 2018 review found that initiation of 5α-reductase inhibitors did not result in a consistent increase in testosterone levels. Among the studies analyzed, there was no statistically significant change in testosterone levels from 5α-reductase inhibitors overall, though men with lower baseline testosterone levels did show an increase.
In addition to inhibition of DHT production, 5α-reductase inhibitors such as dutasteride are also neurosteroidogenesis inhibitors, preventing the 5α-reductase-mediated biosynthesis of various neurosteroids, including allopregnanolone (from progesterone), (from deoxycorticosterone), and 3α-androstanediol (from testosterone). These neurosteroids are potent positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor and have shown antidepressant, anxiolytic, and pro-sexual effects in animal research. For this reason, decreased neurosteroid production is one hypothesized mechanism for sexual dysfunction and depression associated with 5α-reductase inhibitors such as dutasteride.
Pharmacokinetics
The oral bioavailability of dutasteride is about 60%. Consumption with food does not adversely affect its absorption. Peak plasma levels occur 2 to 3 hours after administration. Dutasteride is present in semen at levels up to 3 ng/ml, with no significant effects on DHT levels of sexual partners. The drug is extensively metabolized in the liver by CYP3A4. It has three major metabolites: 6'-hydroxydutasteride, 4'-hydroxydutasteride, and 1,2-dihydrodutasteride. The former two are formed by CYP3A4, while the latter is not. All three metabolites are active; 6'-hydroxydutasteride has similar 5α-reductase inhibitor potency as dutasteride, while the other two are less potent. Dutasteride has an extremely long terminal or elimination half-life of about 4 to 5 weeks. Its elimination half-life is increased in the elderly (170 hours for men aged 20–49 years, 300 hours for men aged >70 years). No dosage adjustment is necessary in the elderly nor in patients with renal impairment. Because of its long elimination half-life, dutasteride requires 5 to 6 months to reach steady-state concentrations. It also remains in the body for a long time after discontinuation and can be detected up to 4 to 6 months. In contrast to dutasteride, finasteride has a short terminal half-life of only 5 to 8 hours. Dutasteride is eliminated mainly in the feces (40%) as metabolites. A smaller portion (5%) is eliminated unchanged in the urine.
Chemistry
Dutasteride, also known as N-[2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-4-aza-5α-androst-1-ene-17β-carboxamide, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 4-azasteroid. It is an analogue of finasteride in which the tert-butyl amide moiety has been replaced with a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.
History
Dutasteride was patented in 1996 and was first described in the scientific literature in 1997. It was approved by the FDA for the treatment of BPH in November 2001, and was introduced on the United States market the following year under the brand name Avodart. Dutasteride has subsequently been introduced in many other countries, including throughout Europe and South America. The patent protection of dutasteride expired in November 2015, so the drug has since become available in the United States in a variety of low-cost generic formulations.
It was approved for the treatment of scalp hair loss in South Korea in 2009 and in Japan in 2015. It has not been approved for this indication in the United States, though it is often used off-label.
Society and culture
Generic names
Dutasteride is the generic name of the drug Avodart and its , , , and .
Brand names
Dutasteride is sold primarily under the brand name Avodart, but also in combination with tamsulosin under the brand names Combodart and Duodart. Dutasteride is also available in India in combination with alfuzosin under the brand names Alfusin-D and Dutalfa.
Availability
Dutasteride is available widely throughout the world, including in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, many other European countries, Australia, and South Africa, as well as in Latin America, Asia, and elsewhere. It is available as a generic medication in many countries, including the United States.
References
Further reading
External links
5α-Reductase inhibitors
Androstanes
Carboxamides
Diketones
Hair loss medications
Hair removal
Hormonal antineoplastic drugs
Lactams
Prostate cancer
Teratogens
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
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2011年夏季世界大学生运动会朝鲜代表团运动员人数有22人。
奖牌榜
奖牌获得者
金牌
举重-女子58公斤级：吴正爱
田径-女子半程马拉松：卢芸玉
银牌
柔道-女子52公斤级：徐荷娜
举重-女子63公斤级：金贤钟
铜牌
柔道-女子63公斤级：黄千琴
参考
P
2011年朝鲜民主主义人民共和国
綜合運動會朝鮮代表團
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Maryvonne Kendergi or Kendergian, (15 August 191527 September 2011) was a Canadian-Armenian writer, professor, musicologist, pianist, and Québécois commentator.
Life
Kendergi was born 15 August 1915 in Aintab to an Armenian family. Due to the Armenian genocide she fled to Syria, where she grew up, then moved to France. At the Sorbonne, she studied and gained an advanced degree in 1942. She moved to Canada in 1952, and became a Canadian citizen in 1960.
For ten years she hosted radio programs on contemporary music on Radio-Canada and also appeared regularly on television. She taught at the Université de Montréal.
She played an important role in the founding of the Quebec Contemporary Music Society in 1966. She was a past president of the Canadian Music Council.
Kendergi was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 1980, and promoted to an Officer of the Order in 1992. She was made a Chevalier in the Order of Quebec in 1985.
Death
Kendergi died on 27 September 2011 in Montreal, Quebec. She was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.
Honours
1980 – Member of the Order of Canada
1982 – Canadian Music Council Medal
1983 – The Lynch-Staunton Prize
1985 – Chevalier de l'Ordre national du Québec
1985 – Prix Calixa-Lavallée
1992 – Officer of the Order of Canada
1994 – Medal of the Académie des lettres du Québec
2000 – Prix Opus, hommage
References
Officers of the Order of Canada
1915 births
2011 deaths
People from Gaziantep
People from Aleppo vilayet
Canadian people of Armenian descent
Members of the Order of Canada
Knights of the National Order of Quebec
Canadian musicologists
Canadian women musicologists
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Syrian expatriates in France
Syrian emigrants to Canada
Governor General's Award winners
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剖宫产术后宫颈粘连症状？我们今天要了解的盆腔粘连的症状，因为了解了疾病的症状我们才能对症下药，从而得到最好的治疗，使得身体尽快得到恢复健康。剖宫产后粘连什么症状第一：患上盆腔粘连患者会出现全身症状，但是这些多数都比较不明显，患者有时会有低热现象，有时又会特别容易就感到疲劳。如果不抗旱治疗，患病的病程时间比较长了以后，部分患者极有可能会出现神经衰弱症状。第二：患上盆腔粘连后，如果患者的疾病是由慢性炎症从而形成的瘢痕粘连以及盆腔充血，患者就可能引起下腹部坠胀、疼痛以及腰骶部酸痛，一般患者常常是表现在劳累、性交，而且患者会月经前后这种症状会加剧。第三：患上盆腔粘连后，由于患者盆腔会出现有瘀血的情况，这时患者就有可能出现月经增多的现象，并且因为患者的卵巢功能也受到了损害，从而患者就有可能出现月经失调，而患者出现输卵管粘连阻塞时很有可能导致不孕的后果。有多数女性剖腹产后子宫粘连，一旦子宫粘连，就会有月经失调，痛经现象。这是因为子宫粘连导致经血排出不畅，疼痛得厉害时，行走困难，甚至不敢坐下，连排气，排便都难以忍受。另外，子宫粘连的女性是很难受孕的，原因就是宫颈粘连影响了精子的运行，阻碍了精卵的结合。就是形成受精卵了，却因为子宫粘连使子宫变形，很容易造成流产。子宫粘连造成的不孕或习惯性流产，在不孕病患者中，占很大比例。给患者精神上带来的负担是很大的。剖腹产后如果能够做好相应的护理，是可以极大的避开肠道粘连、子宫粘连的问题，也不是每一个产妇在剖腹产后都会发生粘连的情况，因此没有必要那么的恐慌。如果粘连问题真的发生了后，及时处理是能够治愈，让身体恢复健康。
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女人输卵管疼痛是什么原因造成的？引起输卵管疼痛的常见原因是输卵管炎症或盆腔腹膜炎症，尤其是在月经期间女性的疼痛会明显加重，当排卵结束后期疼痛程度会有所缓解，这是一种正常的生理现象，因此不需要经过特殊的治疗。输卵管炎症通常是指人体的输卵管发生了炎症，常有下腹部疼痛、月经异常、痛经等现象。输卵管炎症可能会使输卵管壁粘连、充血、水肿而阻塞，从而导致不孕不育症。发病原因主要有：1、月经期、流产后或产褥期女性生殖道抵抗感染的生理防御功能减弱：女性朋友在月经周期不注意卫生，或是发生性生活，则细菌极易经粘膜上行，引起输卵管内膜感染。2、结核杆菌播散感染：结核杆菌经血液循环播散至输卵管，进而引起输卵管炎的出现。3、淋菌感染：这种情况也是导致急性输卵管卵巢炎的主要原因。4、输卵管邻近器官出现病变：这也是导致输卵管炎发生的原因之一，如阑尾炎、结肠憩室炎等可通过直接接触，进而蔓延至输卵管，引发炎症。病人常会出现下腹部不同程度疼痛，多为隐痛，腰骶部酸痛，下坠感;月经异常，表现如经量增多，周期不规则。痛经，因盆腔充血，多半在月经前一周开始出现腹痛，越临近经期越重，直至月经来潮。白带增多，有的病人除不孕外也可无任何自觉症状。输卵管炎如果过于严重，就会造成管腔完全堵塞而出现不孕，轻者怀孕受到影响，严重的会由于孕卵无法到达宫腔，出现宫外孕，危及女性的生命健康。对于输卵管炎的病人，应即时手术清除病灶，以防炎症迅速扩散成败血症危及生命。对盆腔脓肿已局限的，若在后穹窿能触及饱满感、波动感，可行切开排脓并引流。
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手上起的很痒的痘痘是什么原因？手上长小疙瘩是一种常见的现象，特别是在南方地区，由于气候潮湿，手上就容易长小疙瘩湿疹。手上长疙瘩不仅影响美观，而且也是一种病症，小痘痘在手上出现的时候，虽然没有脸部那么严重，但是也是需要进行处理，那么手上起的很痒的痘痘是什么呢？下面带大家了解一下。1、湿疹：手部湿疹易发期在冬春季节，主要出现在在手背上，如果遇到外界刺激容易恶化。如果是手部湿疹，则长疙瘩处瘙痒，对称分布，容易反复发作。如果出现湿疹的话，要及时进行治疗，注意清洁，避免受到外界的刺激。2、自身免疫问题：如果吃了某种不良食物、或者感染某种细菌极易引起手部长小疙瘩。此外，如果对某种药物过敏以及肠寄生虫、精神原因以及外界冷热刺激，都容易引起此种病症。自身免疫而引起的手上长小疙瘩是很容易被治疗的。找出刺激自身免疫的原因，并找出适合自己的解决方法。3、过敏性皮炎：如果吃了某种食物、或者接触了某种东西之后，导致皮肤红肿，手上有红点出现，那就有可能是过敏性皮炎。过敏性皮炎处皮肤瘙痒，使人极想抓挠，最后导致皮肤红肿，变硬、脱屑。引起过敏性皮炎的原因有很多，如果自己有过敏性皮炎的话，建议去医院详细检查，找出过敏原并远离它。从上面我们知道了手上起的很痒的痘痘，手上长痘痘很痒，这种情况有可能不一定是真正的痘痘，而是由于局部的炎症形成的炎症性丘疹，一般大多见于一些丘疹性荨麻疹，或者是湿疹等等。大家平时保持心情愉快、睡眠充足，避免肝火上升，造成荷尔蒙失调。另外，养成每日早起排便的习惯，多运动，作息正常。
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少儿多动症的原因是什么？儿童多动症是儿童疾病中比较棘手的一种，因为儿童一般都比较活泼好动，所以很多家长就会忽视掉小孩的过度多动症状，下面我们一起看看关于儿童多动症的原因与护理注意要点。关于儿童多动症的原因，有多种理论，目前尚无定论.一般认为常见的原因有：1.脑神经递质数量不足，有人认为，多动症的发生，可能是由于脑神经递质数量不足，住处不能及时传递而造成的一种病态。脑内神经递质(如去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺)浓度降低，可降低中枢神经系统的抑制活动，使孩子动作增多。而治疗多动症的药物，其化学结构与去甲肾上腺素相似，服药后，可通过各种途径，增加去甲肾上腺素的含量，使患儿动作减少，因此，多动症患儿必须服药治疗。2.脑组织器质性损害，大约85%的患儿是由于额叶或尾状核功能障碍所致。教育多动症的患儿时，要注意以下几点：1.要求必须切合实际。首先，家长应该了解多动症的特点，对亍多动儿童的要求，切莫像对待正常孩子那样严格。只要求他们的多动行为能控制在一个丌肽过分的范围内，就可以了。提要求丌应过亍苛求。2.把过多的精力引导起来。对亍这类活动力过多的儿童要进行正面的引导，使他们的过多的精力能发挥出来。家长和老师要组织他们多参加多种体育活动，如跑步、打球、爬山、跳远等，如有条件，应安排他们做一些室外内活动，使他们过多的精力能释放出来。但是，在安排他们进行活动时，应注意安全，避免危险。3.加强集中注意力的培养。对亍这类儿童应逐步培养其静坐集中注意力的习惯。可以从看图书、听故事做起，逐渐延长其集中注意力的时间。也可把他们安排在教室的第一排座位上，以便在上课时能随时得到老师的监督和挃导。如果儿童在集中注意力方面有所进步，应及时表扬、鼓励，以利亍强化。小儿多动症是对小儿危害性非常大的一种疾病，相信在我们的介绍之后，大家也比较清楚和了解了，这里为了能够及时预防。
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请对拒绝心肺复苏术进行描述？DNR是基于患者及亲属意愿，由患者或其指定代理人同医生签署的法律文书，用以声明是否接受CPR及ACLS。与之比较，“”的情况下，全权对财务、医护、衣食住行、后事等做出安排。在中华民国法律中，分为由当事人所签署的“预立不施行心肺复苏术意愿书”和“不施行心肺复苏术意愿书”，以及由家属所代签的“不施行心肺复苏术同意书”等三种。如果当事人在生前就已签署，或加注在健保卡中，当救治无效时，医生可以直接撤除维生设备。但是如果是在病危时由家属代签，在代签前已经加装的维生设备则不能撤除，但是医生不会再加装其他的设备或急救措施。
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《伴我闖天涯》（）是1989年上映的一部香港动作爱情電影，由林嶺東執導及監製，南燕編劇，周潤發、鍾楚紅、張耀揚主演。本片入圍第26屆金馬獎最佳劇情片、最佳女主角及最佳女配角共三項提名。
劇情
重案組貓哥接獲前同事線報，率隊查緝軍火交易。攻破交易據點後卻發現主持交易的女性已遭滅口，懷中爬出一個三歲小孩，其餘人等皆已逃逸無縱。
警方查出死者為李月霞。貓哥率隊搜查其老家，因而見到其妹李雪頤及老父。再循線追查其居所，卻已遭同夥滅證。過程中偶遇滅證者，貓哥情急中帶上李雪頤飛車追逐無果，兩人相互責怪。後仍查出李月霞是富商洪志恆情婦，登記父不詳的小孩加加實為兩人私生女。
洪志恆心狠手辣，又蒙慈善之名，難以追查軍火交易流向。貓哥帶同李雪頤追凶，又助其看清洪的無情，還順帶照顧加加，兩人感情漸增。貓哥妻與子已逝，好友大咀南樂見其與阿雪的感情發展。
炮哥受洪指示殺死線民，過程中遭貓哥反擊受傷，矢言報復。李父痛心於李月霞之淪落，又不懂如何與小孩相處，令加加害怕失蹤。貓哥協助找人，李雪頤前夫阿良見狀不是滋味。
良單方面要求復合，不滿於雪與貓哥感情日深。兩人一起巡視李月霞精品店倉庫時，恰逢洪手下一幫人起出內藏的軍火，遭遇襲擊。炮哥亦在其中，兩人交火後，炮哥斷腿，貓哥重傷，卻也破了軍火走私。現場主持者轉為汙點證人，洪志恆落網。
貓哥出院後欲與阿良談判。阿良拒談，手持菜刀對付。適炮哥前來尋仇，抓住阿良迫貓哥出面。貓哥願以身代死，炮哥卻瘋狂屠戮。貓哥重傷未癒，力不能支，格鬥過程中引發瓦斯氣爆，炮哥葬身火海，貓哥及阿良獲救。
阿良眼見感情無可挽回。貓哥與李雪頤終成良緣。
演員
電影歌曲
獎項
參考資料
外部連結
1989年香港電影作品
林嶺東電影
香港警匪片
粤语電影
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Jagjit Singh Anand (28 December 1921 – 19 June 2015) was an Indian communist activist, journalist, author, and freedom fighter. He was the editor of Nawan Zamana for more than half a century. He is known for his plain speaking on the opportunism of the Akalis,, the Congress, and the terrorists during the Punjab Crisis in the last two decades of the twentieth century. Anand countered death threats defiantly: "I will not be cowed down by death threats and attempts on my life by the extremists and I will uphold the freedom of the press at all costs."
Born in 1921 at Taran Taaran to Mehtab Singh and Tejwant Kaur, he was initially educated in the local Guru Arjan Dev Khalsa High School where his father was the headmaster. Later he joined Forman Christian College, Lahore, where he cut his political teeth and was the General Secretary of Lahore Students' Union from 1938 to 1941. During these years he joined the Communist Party of India and rose to its highest ranks in the post independence years . Here he also came in contact with Navtej Singh, then a young son of established Punjabi writer Gurbakhsh Singh Preet Lari, and later an important Punjabi short story writer on his own. Together they translated Wanda Vasiliuska's novel 'Rainbow' into Punjabi, whose Punjabi version known as 'Satrangi Peengh' has never been out of print for almost 70 years now and is considered a landmark translation. Their friendship also led to Jagjit Singh Anand marrying Navtej Singh's younger sister Urmilla, a writer in her own right, in 1951.
Jagjit Singh Anand strode the twin political and literary careers throughout his life. A journalist by profession he was a prolific writer and translator and has more than 30 publications to his credit. He was the founder and executive member of Kendriya Punjabi Lekhak Sabha since its establishment in 1956. He was honored with the Soviet Land Nehru Award for the best translator in 1965 and the Journalist of the Year Award by the government of Punjab in 1971.
In 1974, he was elected to the Upper House of Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha, to represent the state of Punjab. He also served as a President of Northern Railways Workers' Union and the North India University Employees' Federation. He was also the Working President of All India University and College Employees' Federation.
He remained the Chief Editor of Daily Nawan Zamana from 1963 until his death in June 2015.
Notableworks
Chete di changer chon, Communist Lehar de ang sang, Cheta chog chuge
Books
Chete di changer chon
" Communist Lehar de ang sang"
Cheta Chog Chuge
Soviet society and communist party (1976)
Soviet Union in world affairs (1977)
References
Indian independence activists from Punjab (British India)
History of Punjab
People from Amritsar district
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1921 births
2015 deaths
Indian revolutionaries
Communist Party of India politicians from Punjab, India
Rajya Sabha members from Punjab, India
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右侧卵巢囊性回声是什么意思？女性在进行检查的时候，如果出现卵巢囊性回声，这有可能是因为卵泡没有形成就破裂，可能和卵巢囊肿有关，月经以后继续做彩超检查，如果是卵巢囊肿，需要进行手术治疗。引起卵巢囊肿的原因比较多，比如说心理压力比较大，或者是一些不良的生活习惯等等。心理压力过大、长期的饮食结构，生活习惯不好等因素造成体质过度酸化，人体整体的机能下降，引起肾虚，肝肾同源，肾卵巢囊肿病理虚肝亦虚，进而引起下焦代谢循环变慢，造成卵巢疾病和内分泌失调，免疫功能下降，从而发展为卵巢组织异常增生，终致卵巢囊肿，甚至癌变。身体组织液酸化，身体细胞处于酸性体液中，进而形成身体正常细胞溶氧量下降，造成细胞的活性下降，代谢循环减慢，下降到正常值的65%时，正常细胞就无法生存，但也有不惜改变染色体采取主动变异的细胞，细胞的表型发生改变，肿瘤性状得以表达，这些细胞迅速扩增，从而形成真正的肿瘤实体。另外，还有因体质酸化身体发生其他组织的癌变，又因身体机能下降，身体组织液酸化，造成了卵巢囊肿。长期的饮食结构不合理，高胆固醇高蛋白，缺乏维生素A、C、E，都与卵巢囊肿的发病有关。经常服用口服避孕药、吸烟、心理压力过大等因素造成体质过度酸化，人体整体的机能下降，造成卵巢疾病和内分泌失调，免疫功能下降，从而发展为卵巢组织异常增生，终致卵巢囊肿，甚至癌变。卵巢囊肿在临床上有表现为小腹疼痛、小腹不适、白带增多、白带色黄、白带异味、月经失常，甚至有些能摸到小腹内有一个肿快，有时性交会发生疼痛。“更多的卵巢囊肿在早期并无明显的临床表现，不痛不痒地生长，患者往往因其他疾病就医，或进行妇科检查时才被发现。”因此，妇科咨询专家提醒，女孩子进入青春期以后，至少2~3年就要做一次B超检查；生育年龄的妇女最容易发生的卵巢囊肿是卵巢的功能性囊肿，所以结婚后的女性更应每年进行一次妇科检查，及早发现病症。
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《朝鮮神槍手》（，）為韓國KBS自2014年6月25日起播出的水木迷你連續劇，亦為特別企劃劇，李準基與南相美繼2007年電視劇《狗和狼的時間》後再度搭檔主演，以19世紀的朝鮮時代為背景，講述朝鮮第一劍客之子在父親死後捨棄刀劍，成長為時代英雄神槍手的故事。
演員陣容
主要人物
李準基 飾演 朴潤剛（少年：徐東賢）（粵語配音：鄧永健）（少年：黃鳳英）作為朝鮮王朝的第一把劍的兒子而自豪。 化名長谷川半藏。
南相美 飾演 鄭秀仁（粵語配音：黃紫嫻）玄岩弟子
全慧彬 飾演 崔慧媛（粵語配音：程文意）崔元信女兒
韓周完 飾演 金浩景（粵語配音：黃榮璋）玄岩弟子
劉五性 飾演 崔元信（粵語配音：梁志達）槍手、崔慧媛父親
潤剛周邊人物
李東輝 飾演 韓正勳（粵語配音：鄧燦陽）潤剛朋友
崔哲浩 飾演 文一度（粵語配音：馮瀚輝）朴振翰副官
金賢秀 飾演 朴蓮荷（粵語配音：駱慧怡）潤剛妹妹
崔宰誠 飾演 朴振翰（粵語配音：何偉誠）潤剛父親
崔智娜 飾演 允江母（粵語配音：曾慶珏）
崔在煥 飾演 尚秋
金佳恩 飾演 林濟美（粵語配音：石梓晴）
大谷亮平 飾演 金丸
秀仁周邊人物
嚴孝燮 飾演 鄭回嶺（粵語配音：杜景煜）秀仁父親
金藝玲 飾演 金氏（粵語配音：黃鳳英）秀仁母親
安芝玄 飾演 盞兒（粵語配音：張惠雯）
南明烈 飾演 玄岩（粵語配音：馮瀚輝）學者、朝鮮開化論作者
金正學 飾演 吳景 學者
王室人物
李珉宇 飾演 朝鮮高宗（粵語配音：鄧燦陽）
河志恩 飾演 明成皇后（粵語配音：石梓晴）
其他人物
安奭奐 飾演 金丙濟
崔鐘元 飾演 金左榮（粵語配音：何偉誠）
飾演 成吉（粵語配音：杜景煜）
朴在敏 飾演 宗太
姜聲振 飾演 金武德（粵語配音：杜景煜）
尹熙錫 飾演 金玉均（粵語配音：黃榮璋）
吳珉錫 飾演 閔泳翊
池承炫 飾演 朴泳孝
孫世彬 飾演 明月
鄭東奎 飾演（粵語配音：何偉誠）
飾演 孫澤秀（粵語配音：何偉誠）
收視率
同時段競爭節目
MBC：《改過遷善》、《命中注定我愛你》
SBS：《你們被包圍了》、《沒關係，是愛情啊》
獎項
腳註
外部連結
韓國KBS官方網站
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M
M
M
M
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Malaysia competed in the 1991 Southeast Asian Games held in Manila, Philippines from 24 November to 3 December 1991.
Medal summary
Medals by sport
Medallists
Basketball
Men's tournament
Preliminary round
Bronze medal match
Women's tournament
Preliminary round
Bronze medal match
Football
Men's tournament
Group B
References
1991
Nations at the 1991 SEA Games
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药物性牙龈增生的症状体征是什么?？苯妥英钠所致的牙龈增生一般开始于服药后1-6个月，增生起始于唇颊侧或舌腭侧龈乳头和边缘龈，呈小球状突起于牙龈表面。增生的乳头继续增大相连，覆盖部分牙面，严重时波及附着龈。龈乳头可呈球状、结节状或桑椹状。丧生的牙龈组织质地贤慧，略有弹性，呈淡粉红色，一般不易出血。局部无自觉症状，无疼痛。严重增生的牙龈可影响口唇闭合而致口呼吸，菌斑堆积，合并牙龈炎症。药物性牙龈增生常发生于全口牙龈，但以前牙区较重，增生的牙龈常钭上前牙区牙挤压移位。牙龈增生只发生于有牙区，拔牙后，增生的牙龈组织可自行消退。
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克汀病面容的治疗和预防方法？地克病的治疗效果不佳。地克病一旦形成，特别是两岁以后确诊者，中枢神经系统的发育障碍基本上是不可逆的。本病的关键并不在于治疗，而在于预防。地克病的消灭是可能的，只要纠正了人群的碘缺乏，特别是纠正了育龄妇女、妊娠妇女、哺乳期妇女的碘缺乏，就不会再出生地方性克汀病病儿。只要坚持长期供应合格的碘盐，地克病连同地甲肿会一同被根除。1.第一级预防(1)食盐加碘是防治碘缺乏病的简单易行、行之有效的重要措施。食盐加碘比例15万可有效地预防地甲病;12万可预防地克病。加入盐中的碘化钾易氧化、升华，1993年以来已改为稳定性较好的碘酸钾。在包装、贮存、运输及食用碘盐过程中，须注意保持碘盐干燥，包装严密不?a href="http://jck.39.net/jiancha/huaxue/bian/4e794.html" target="_blank" class=blue>钙郎埂娣虐荡>莶舛翰煌娣欧绞桨肽旰蟮牡庋沃械馑鹗饰焊啄?0%;麻袋内29.4%;抽屉内57.8%;煮沸2h损失1.9%;烘烤2h损失66.1%。(2)碘油注射或口服。碘化油是一种长效、经济、方便、副作用小的防治药物，特别适用于偏僻、交通不便、有土盐干扰地区，尤适用于育龄妇女。碘化油注射后，供碘效能可达3～5年。口服碘化油方法简便，群众易于接受，防治效果同样明显，供碘效能一般为1年半左右。(3)保证人体碘的需要量：组别<4岁正常范围30～105g/d;适宜量70ug/d4岁及成人正常范围75～225g/d;适宜量150ug/d孕妇、乳母正常范围150～300g/d;适宜量200g/d(4)育龄妇女孕期妇女补碘可防止胚胎期碘缺乏病(克汀病、亚临床克汀病、新生儿甲低、新生儿甲肿以及早产、死产、先天畸形)的发生。2.第二级预防(1)碘防治监测：碘盐含碘量的监测：包括碘盐加碘浓度、包装、出厂抽查、保管存放、销售点及居民家庭内的抽查，及时纠正问题，减少碘的损失。碘化油注射及口服的监测：防止出现合并症。病情监测：监测点定期调查和比较食用碘盐前后人群甲状腺肿发病率动态变化。碘代谢和垂体甲状腺系统功能状态。尿碘测定：加碘后尿碘明显增加，群体尿碘测定有意义，当尿碘<25g/g肌酐时，是地方性甲状腺肿并发克汀病的临界浓度;甲状腺吸131碘率测定(24h)表现为低于加碘前;血清T3、T4测定：随补碘升高;血清TSH测定：低于补碘前。儿童智商的测定：不低于70。(2)地方性甲状腺肿诊断标准(1978年我国防治地方性甲状腺肿专业会议制订)：居住在甲状腺肿病区。甲状腺肿大超过本人拇指末节或有小于拇指末节的结节。排除甲亢、甲状腺癌等其他甲状腺疾病。病区划分标准(以乡为单位)。轻病区：居民甲状腺肿患病率>3%;7～14岁中小学生甲状腺肿大率>20%;尿碘25～50ug/g肌酐。重病区：居民甲状腺肿患病率>10%;7～14岁中小学生甲状腺肿大率>50%;尿碘<25ug/g肌酐。(3)地方性克汀病诊断标准(1980年制订)：必备条件：A.出生、居住于低碘地方性甲状腺肿地区。B.有精神发育不全，主要表现为不同程度智力障碍。辅助条件：A.有不同程度的听力、语言及运动神经障碍。B.甲状腺功能低下症，有不同程度的身体发育障碍，克汀病形象(傻相、面宽、眼距宽、塌鼻梁、腹部膨隆等)。C.不同程度的甲状腺功能低下表现(黏液水肿、皮肤毛发干燥、X线骨龄落后和骨骺愈合延迟、血浆PBI降低、血清T4、TSH升高)。具备必备条件和辅助条件中的任何一项或一项以上而又可排除分娩损伤、脑炎、脑膜炎及药物中毒病史者可诊断为地克病。3.第三级预防 甲状腺粉制剂疗法：对治疗发生胶性甲状腺肿以前的患者有极其明显的效果。成人每天口服甲状腺片60～120mg，合并使用碘化钾10mg，3个月疗程，一般2～4个疗程，疗程间隔半个月。对胶性甲状腺肿和囊性增生性的结节性甲状腺肿疗效较好。
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44天药流成功率有多少？药物流产又称药流，是指用药物口服终止早期妊娠。近年来已广泛应用于临床。在怀孕早期不须手术、而用打针或服药的方法达到人工流产。应用药物使妊娠终止，是近20年来的新发展。那么，44天药流的成功率有多少呢？下面为大家简单介绍下。1、怀孕44天做药流要看孕囊的大小，如果孕囊没有偏大的话，药流成功率还是占大多数的，药流的话，相对伤害会小一些，药流后注意做好B超复查就可以。2、不能确定概率的正常情况下人流后一周就要到医院进行相关B超检查，看人流是不是流干净了，子宫恢复的怎么样等情况。如果恢复的正常的话要注意外阴清洁，一个月内禁止性生活，盆浴，坐浴等，人流后最好一年之后再怀孕，如果人流不全的话那么就要及时进行治疗，避免对身体造成更大的伤害。以上就是对44天药流成功率有多少的介绍，希望对大家有所帮助，一般来说，成功率还是比较高的。如果情况严重者，也请及时就医治疗。
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Western Star is an Australian butter and spreads brand founded in 1926 in the Western Districts of Victoria. Products are widely distributed across Australia and available in most supermarkets. The brand is owned by Fonterra. The famous Western Star spread is hand crafted by Jordan Riches.
See also
List of brand name condiments
References
External links
Butter
Brand name dairy products
Dairy products companies of Australia
Australian brands
Australian condiments
Brand name condiments
Fonterra brands
Australian companies established in 1926
Food and drink companies established in 1926
Products introduced in 1926
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氯喘通片成分或处方？本品每片含主要化学成分盐酸氯丙那林5毫克。
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Bernard Debré (30 September 194413 September 2020) was a French urologist at Hôpital Cochin and a member (deputy) of the National Assembly of France. He was one of the representatives of the city of Paris, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He is a son of Anne-Marie Lemaresquier and politician Michel Debré, who was Prime Minister of France, and twin-brother of Jean-Louis Debré.
Biography
Bernard Debré attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. He died from cancer on 13 September 2020, at the age of 75.
References
1944 births
2020 deaths
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Councillors of Paris
Deaths from cancer in France
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French people of Jewish descent
French urologists
Mayors of places in Centre-Val de Loire
Physicians from Toulouse
Pierre and Marie Curie University alumni
The Popular Right
The Republicans (France) politicians
French twins
Children of prime ministers of France
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梁晋争霸，是唐末到五代后梁时期，后唐与后梁为争黄河下游广大地区统治权进行的战争。
背景
907年（唐哀帝天祐四年）四月，朱全忠灭唐称帝，建立后梁，为梁太祖。割据河东的晋王李克用对后梁威胁最大。次年，李克用病死，其子李存勖继位晋王。李存勖与后梁在潞州之战中取胜，在政治、军事上进行改进，稳定了李存勖在晋国的内外优势地位。
爭奪河朔
从910年到916年，晋与后梁为争夺河北，连续六年作战。910年（后梁开平四年、晋天祐七年）十一月，卢龙节度使（治幽州，今北京市西南）刘守光发兵屯守涞水，想要南攻定州（今河北省定州市），梁太祖说要帮助武顺军节度使（即成德军，治所在镇州）王镕抵抗刘守光，进军深州（治今河北省深州市）、冀州（治今河北省冀州市）。想要乘机兼并镇州武顺军节度使、定州义成军节度使。王鎔知后梁意欲兼并，向晋王李存勖求救。李存勖派兵出井陉屯守赵州（今河北省赵县）。910年十月到911年正月，晋军梁军在高邑以南、柏乡北三十里的野河地区大战，晋军获胜，歼灭二万余梁軍，后梁在漳河以北只剩下邢州（今河北省邢台市）、洺州（今河北省邯郸市永年区）。柏乡之战后，911年八月，刘守光称帝，国号大燕。十一月，刘守光派军二万攻打容城县，定州义武军节度使王处直向晋王李存勖求救。李存勖派兵三万攻燕。经过两年作战，消灭了燕国。期间，梁太祖率军数万至蓧县（今河北省景县）牵制晋军，被晋军扰袭，被迫撤退。梁太祖在912年被儿子朱友珪杀死，次年朱友贞又杀朱友珪，即位为梁末帝。915年（后梁贞明元年、晋天祐十二年）三月，后梁宣义军节度使（治滑州，今河南省滑县）杨师厚病死，梁末帝派开封尹劉-{鄩}-率六万兵，前往控制魏博（约今山西省西北部、河北省南部、河南省北部），引起魏州（今河北省大名县东）兵变。李存勖亲率晋军主力抵达魏州。916年（后梁贞明二年、晋天祐十三年）二月，把劉-{鄩}-率领的梁军包围在故元城（魏州城东）附近。魏州之战，李存勖灭七万梁军，劉-{鄩}-率领数十骑突围逃往滑州。
夾河之陣
魏州之战后，北方的契丹国皇帝耶律阿保机派军攻幽州，李存勖为解除后之忧，转兵北向，917年（后梁贞明三年、晋天祐十四年）幽州之战击退契丹。918年（后梁贞明四年、晋天祐十五年）八月，李存勖在魏州集军十万，想要南渡黄河进攻后梁国都汴州（今河南省开封市）。梁军据守濮州（治今山东省范县东），坚守不战，对峙一百多天，激战后双方都损失了兵力三分之二。923年（后梁龙德三年、晋天祐二十年）四月，李存勖在魏州称帝，即位为唐庄宗，建立后唐。后唐巩固了黄河渡口杨刘（黄河渡口，今山东省东平县南）、德胜（今河南省濮阳市北）和黄河南岸的郓州城（今山东省东平县西）。923年（后唐庄宗同光元年）八月，后梁降将康延孝告诉唐庄宗，梁军将在十月大举进攻。九月，见梁军北进方案实施，唐庄宗率主力进軍汴梁。十月初二日，唐庄宗从杨刘渡黄河，十月初三日至郓州。李嗣源为前锋，当夜渡过汶水，十月初四日早晨，与后梁王彦章大军遭遇作战获胜，攻克中都（今山东省汶上县），俘获王彦章。十月初七日，唐军抵达曹州（今山东省曹县北），曹州的后梁守将投降。十月初九日早上，李嗣源抵达汴梁下，开封尹王瓒开门出降。当天，李嗣源和唐庄宗先后入城，梁末帝自杀。十月十二日，后梁北面招讨使段凝率五万主力军回到封丘，于是解甲请降，后梁灭亡。
参考资料
五代十国战役
河北历次战争与战役
河南历次战争与战役
河南历次战争与战役
山东军事事件
910年代
920年代
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A pornographer is a person who produces or publishes pornography.
Pornographer may also refer to:
The Pornographers, a 1966 Japanese film
The Pornographer, a 2001 Canadian film
See also
The New Pornographers, a Canadian rock band
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白穗紫堇（学名：）为罂粟科紫堇属下的一个变种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
B
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Mkushi District is a district of Zambia, located in Central Province. The capital lies at Mkushi. As of the 2010 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 148,814 people. The Great North Road and TAZARA railway run through Mkushi district, connecting Kapiri Mposhi with Serenje, Mpika, Kasama & Tanzania. The area is largely undeveloped and home to numerous natural attractions including Lunsemfwa Wonder Gorge, Changwena Falls, and historic Fort Elwes.
Bemba is the primary tribal affiliation of Mkushi district and the area is home to an annual harvest festival known as Chibwelamushi (translated as "return to the village"), bringing together the Bisa, Swaka, and Lala peoples, every September. Traditional crafts include clay pots, reed mats, and baskets and may still be found in the area, although increased access to manufactured goods has reduced production in recent decades. Mkushi district, like much of Central province, is mineral rich and manganese, gem, and gem deposits have attracted new mining development in the area, including the Fishtie copper project at Kashime.
Mkushi is known for its large commercial agricultural operations and boast a substantial population of expatriate farmers, the majority of whom are white Zambians. The prestigious Chengelo school is located in Mkushi.
References
Districts of Central Province, Zambia
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Simona Halep won the first edition of the tournament, defeating Roberta Vinci in the final, 6–1, 6–3.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky losers
Indy de Vroome
Draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
BRD Bucharest Open - Singles
2014 Singles
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《變身男女Chok Chok Chok》（）是香港電視廣播有限公司製作的遊戲節目，由伍詠薇和阮兆祥主持，助手為第五代天使白雲、劉蔚萱、魏采彥和陳芷尤，旁白為陳欣。本節目於2011年7月3日起逢星期日21:00-22:00在翡翠台、高清翡翠台及MyTV播出，及於MyTV為香港地區提供60日節目重溫。節目於2012年8月9日至2012年9月3日逢星期一至五早上10:30-11:30在翡翠台重播，於MyTV為香港地區提供60日節目重溫。
簡介
節目名稱中的Chok本字為擢，原意是突然大力向上拉然後鬆下，引申意思是刻意裝作型格的樣貌。而變身男女則指節目中有一對男女參賽者反串為另一性別，由現場嘉賓競猜其真正性別。
游戏环节
整你個樣！
喜怒哀樂Chok Chok Chok
雌雄莫辨
孖住Chok
餅印同學會
Sync聲同學會
超chok
最佳Chok詞人
每集嘉賓
收視
以下為本節目於香港無綫電視翡翠台及高清翡翠台之收視紀錄：
註釋：
全体平均29点
記事
2011年7月31日：由於20:00-22:00播映特備節目《福祿壽放暑假》，本節目暫停播映。
2011年8月7日：由於20:30-23:00直播《2011香港小姐競選決賽》，本節目暫停播映。
外部連結
無綫電視節目網頁 - 變身男女Chok Chok Chok
《變身男女》首播涉侮辱女性
《變身男女》高開32點 主持被投訴說話侮辱女性
《變身男女Chok Chok Chok》易成咁有咩好估
電視節目的變遷
2011年無綫電視節目
無綫電視遊戲節目
粵語電視節目
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尿道炎和膀胱炎的治疗方法是不是一样的？膀胱与尿道是相连的器官，二者依存度是很高的，膀胱炎能够引起尿道炎，而尿道炎也容易感染膀胱炎，另外从医学名词来说，尿道炎的名称更为宽泛，它包括了膀胱炎和其他尿路系统。然而，膀胱炎仅指膀胱感染和炎症。两者在治疗方面有许多相似之处，需要抗炎治疗。而且，中药的治疗效果也很好。中药具有良好的利尿和抗炎作用，对患者副作用小。此外，应该注意的是膀胱炎和尿道炎对男性和女性都容易患病，但是由于生理和结构原因，女性更容易被感染。对女性来说，更重要的是做好治疗或预防工作，毕竟，一旦疾病对其他性器官产生不良影响。尿路感染包括膀胱炎。反复膀胱炎，考虑到其他感染的存在，首先考虑阴道炎的存在。你需要去医院进行尿液细菌培养和阴道分泌物细菌培养。然后全身抗炎就可以治愈了。同时，最好做b超来了解结石和其他问题的存在。尿道炎膀胱炎实际上需要进一步治疗。此时，病人需要进一步的休息和更多的饮用水。饮用水不仅可以解毒，还可以进一步增加膀胱炎的尿量，需要温水。虽然间质性膀胱炎的主要症状因人而异，但患者往往患有严重的尿频和尿频，从而给患者的工作和生活带来更大的危害。间质性膀胱炎需要积极治疗。间质性膀胱炎患者需要尽一切努力避免酸性水果，如酸奶和酸梨。而且不要吃硬水果，毕竟这些不容易消化。而且经常会引起疼痛，从口中吐出疾病。因此，间质性膀胱炎患者需要尽他们生命中的一切努力来禁食酸性水果。比如酸奶和酸梨子都不要吃的了。而且不要吃硬性水果。
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服用浓甲硝唑含漱液须注意的事项？1?使用前应振摇。 2?使用中发生中枢神经系统不良反应或过敏反应，应及时停药。 3?接受抗凝血药治疗的患者，肝、肾功能减退者应慎用。 4?用药期间不应饮用含酒精的饮料。 动物实验发现，甲硝唑腹腔给药后，对胎仔有毒性。而目前对孕妇和哺乳期妇女尚缺乏足够和严密的对照研究，因此，孕妇禁用，哺乳期妇女应用本品时应暂停哺乳。 儿童应慎用。 老年人由于肝功能减退，应用本品时药代动力学有所改变，因此应慎用。
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椎间盘突出可以根治吗？你能治好椎间盘突出？随着年龄，身体逐渐老化。这是自然规律，没有例外人体椎间盘。像其他疾病，如冠状动脉心脏疾病，糖尿病等，最突出的椎间盘也退化性疾病。俗话说，病取决于三点的规则和七分靠抬高。这同样适用于突出的椎间盘，其中有修复大部分的外伤的能力。培养和/或适当的保守治疗后，其前提是所造成的突起的炎症得到解决，大多数症状可以得到缓解。喜欢一个人的皮肤，一小口只有一个清洗带的一段时间皮肤愈合后。如果深部组织，如肌腱和骨头，损坏，应由外科医生治疗。椎间盘脱出的2升一般的迹象。腰椎侧弯是缓解疼痛的姿势代偿畸形。髓核和神经根的突出部分之间的关系是从脊柱的健康侧或患侧不同。例如，髓核突出部分位于脊神经根内。因为脊柱的曲率弯曲患侧，脊神经根的电压可以减小，从而使腰椎朝向患侧弯曲；相反，如果肿块是脊神经根外，腰椎倾斜到左侧。多数患者具有有限腰活动有不同程度的腰活动受限的，尤其是在急性期，其中，所述限制弯曲是比较明显的，因为以前的弯曲可进一步促进的进一步位移核心和增加压缩。神经根被拉动。肌腱和肌腱的灵敏度，灵敏度和响应性都与病变的空隙基本一致，并％和90％的情况下，80之间是正的。脊柱的疼痛棘突，这是令人震惊的造成的伤害是显而易见的。敏感点主要位于椎旁神经1cm以下，并且可以是沿坐骨神经疼痛辐射。关于患者腰骶筋筋的三分之一。注意事项:动作应该是平稳，缓慢和缓慢的，尽量帮助家人保护。第二是支持:支持腰部锻炼，不适合悬吊运动，可以使腰部支撑。脚宽而肩膀分开，整个身体都很放松。慢慢抬起手臂，慢慢用鼻子呼吸。双臂抬起头顶，眼睛看天空，腰部伸展到最大，然后停一会儿。然后，慢慢放下手臂，慢慢放松。根据此方法重复此方法36次。每天早上和晚上做一次。最好选择一个有新鲜空气的地方。
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怎么确定睾丸是否萎缩？这样才好针对性的治疗的，这一点是忽视不得的，因此检查工作，一定要做好，这一点是不能有任何的忽视。造成睾丸萎缩的病因较多，有些可能性是单一的因此引起的，因此检查工作，尽量的全面一些。在正常的男性中，有些人的睾丸从小时候起就两侧大小不同，差别有时候很明显，这多是先天性疾病所致.如先天性一侧睾丸发育不良。其表现为一侧睾丸很小，质地柔软，如幼儿型睾丸，而对侧睾丸则可有代偿性增大，较一般正常人大些，所以两侧睾丸大小不同，但这种情况一般不多见.另外，外伤也可造成两侧睾丸大小的差异，如外伤引起睾丸内出血，血肿，结果引起睾丸供血障碍，导致睾丸萎缩，故患侧较对侧睾丸小.腮腺炎病毒可以破坏睾丸的曲细精管上皮细胞，造成睾丸一侧萎缩.当然引起两侧睾丸大小不等的原因很多，但应注意不要把阴囊内的其他疾病也认为是睾丸大小的病因，应分清病因以免误诊.先天性的睾丸萎缩是往往不能治愈恢复的。继发性的睾丸萎缩通过，耐心调治，往往可以取得一定的效果。除了先天性的原因之外。病毒感染是导致小儿出现睾丸萎缩的主要原因，特别是流行性腮腺炎病毒很容易侵犯睾丸，造成睾丸内的组织受到破坏，使睾丸体积变小，质地变软，形成睾丸萎缩。阴部外伤或者放射性物质，也很容易诱发睾丸萎缩。精囊良性肿瘤：精囊囊肿等.无精有先天性的原因，也有后天继发导致的.在男性不育患者中有10％-15％是由梗阻性无精造成的，附睾，输精管的任何一处发生阻塞，都可能阻止精子的排出造成不育。
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血瘀型月经不调症状？月经不调的种类有很多，血瘀型月经不调是非常常见的一种，血瘀型月经不调症状也非常的突出，这里就给大家具体介绍一下血瘀型月经不调症状，看看日常哪些表现可能是血瘀型月经不调症状，如何做好预防。对于月经不调，根据其发病原因又可以分为多样，如：血瘀型月经不调等。血瘀型月经不调症状主要表现为，经量或多或少，色紫红，有块，经行不畅。或伴小腹疼痛拒按，或有胸胁、乳房、少腹胀痛，脘闷不舒，舌质紫黯或有瘀点，苔薄白或薄黄，脉弦或涩。气滞血瘀引发的月经颜色发黑：从中医角度来讲，女性月经颜色发黑，往往是气滞血瘀的表现，造成的绝血量过多或过少，颜色不正常，有黑血块，常常伴有腹痛。治疗需活血化瘀、理气止痛。此外，肾虚也往往会造成女性月经颜色发黑。血瘀型月经不调是会引起痛经的，对怀孕有影响，由于月经血在子宫腔内停留时间长引起的，还因为内分泌失调，炎症所致。月经不调是非常常见的妇科疾病，临床上表现为月经周期或出血量的异常，或是月经前、经期时的腹痛及全身症状。病因可能是器质性病变或是功能失常。许多全身性疾病如血液病、高血压病、肝病、内分泌病、流产、宫外孕、葡萄胎、生殖道感染、肿瘤(如卵巢肿瘤、子宫肌瘤)等均可引起月经失调。月经不调也称月经失调。妇科常见病。表现为月经周期或出血量的异常，或是月经前、经期时的腹痛及全身症状。病因可能是器质性病变或是功能失常。许多全身性疾病如血液病、高血压病、肝病、内分泌病、流产、宫外孕、葡萄胎、生殖道感染、肿瘤(如卵巢肿瘤、子宫肌瘤)等均可引起月经失调。有关血瘀型月经不调，大家首先要做的就是想办法正确的治疗这种疾病，正确的治疗才能够将疾病扼杀在摇篮里，也希望大家在了解了血瘀型月经不调症状之后，还要积极到正规医院咨询专家，以求得最佳的治疗方法。
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肾癌尿血什么症状？很多人在日常生活中都会出现尿血的症状，肾癌早期的时候也会出现很多的表现，大都数的表现都不会引起患者的注意，比如说出现血尿，也有可能是其他疾病导致的，但是不管如何还是需要重视自身的异常情况，及时到医院进行确诊，才不会延误治疗。那么肾癌尿血什么症状呢？下面带大家了解一下。肾肿瘤的早期症状还有尿血的情况。即自己用肉眼看不到的尿血，当在医院作显微镜检查时才发现有红细胞增多，即为镜下血尿，没有原因出现血尿，而且用一般药物治疗不见好转的镜下血尿，也应引起重视，这样的血尿才是肾肿瘤病人的早期信号，病人能在这段时间里就医而得到及时详细的检查才最有意义。要知道肾肿瘤病人尿血有间歇性，这是肾肿瘤的早期症状之一。尿血持续几天后能够自然缓解，也可能吃些药物暂时止血了，往往病人会忽视大意，以为病好了，而不及时作详细检查，等到再次出现血尿时，或出现其他症状才引起病人的重视，实际已经耽误几个月或一年以上，肿瘤在这段时间继续增长，侵蚀周围肾脏，这样病人后果是不好的，惨痛的教训是深刻的。各类肾恶性肿瘤也可以引起血尿的情况，当然，这种情况下的患者也不仅仅只会出现血尿，还会有其他症状，并且疾病一般都是中后期，建议及时确诊，并且应早期施行根治性肾切除术。从上面我们了解到了肾癌尿血的症状，尿潜血患者平时要养成多饮水的生活习惯，特别是在夏季天热时期会引起身体丢失大量的水分，缺少水分会加大损伤肾脏功能，甚至会影响到生命安全，因此患者一旦出现血尿的现象，一定不能麻痹大意，到专业的医院进行详细的检查这是非常必要的。
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Peter Krešimir IV, called the Great () was King of Dalmatia and Croatia from 1059 until his death in 1074 or 1075. He was the last great ruler of the Krešimirović branch of the Trpimirović dynasty.
Under Peter Krešimir IV, the Croatian realm reached its peak territorially, earning him the sobriquet "the Great", otherwise unique in Croatian history. He kept his seat at Nin and Biograd na Moru; however, the city of Šibenik holds a statue of him and is sometimes called "Krešimir's city" (Croatian: "Krešimirov grad") because he is generally credited as the founder.
Biography
Early years
Peter Krešimir was born as one of two children to king Stephen I (Stjepan I) and his wife Hicela, daughter of the Venetian Doge Pietro II Orseolo. Krešimir succeeded his father Stephen I upon his death in 1058 and was crowned the next year. It is not known where his coronation took place, but some historians suggest Biograd as a possibility.
From the outset, he continued the policies of his father, and was immediately requested in letter by Pope Nicholas II first in 1059 and then in 1060 to further reform the Croatian church in accordance with the Roman rite. This was especially significant to the papacy in the aftermath of the Great Schism of 1054, when a papal ally in the Balkans was a necessity. Upon a visit of the papal legate Mainardius in 1060, at Church sabor in Split in 1061, Krešimir and the upper nobility lent their support to the pope and the church of Rome.
Church conclusions were made also against the Croatian Glagolitic priesthood and other having long beards and hair style, marriages, and that the secular government does not interfere in the affairs of the church, in aim to distance them from Byzantine orientalism. More so, the ecclesiastical service was likely practiced in the native Slavonic (Glagolitic), whereas the pope demanded practice in Latin. This caused a rebellion of the clergy led by a bishop of Krk Cededa and a certain priest named Vuk (Ulfus), who had presented the demands and gifts of the Croats to the Pope during his stay in Rome, but was told nothing could be accomplished without the consent of the Split see and the king. They protested against celibacy and the Roman Rite in 1063, but they were proclaimed heretical at a synod of 1064 and excommunicated, a decision which Krešimir supported. Krešimir harshly quelled all opposition and sustained a firm alignment towards western Romanism, with the intent of more fully integrating the Dalmatian populace into his realm.
In turn, he could then use them to balance the power caused by the growing feudal class. By the end of Krešimir's reign, feudalism had made permanent inroads into Croatian society and Dalmatia had been permanently associated with the Croatian state, and the last Byzantine protospatharios and katepano of Dalmatia, named Leo, is mentioned in 1067 and 1069.
The income from the cities further strengthened Krešimir's power, and he subsequently fostered the development of more cities, such as Biograd, Nin, Šibenik, Karin, and Skradin. He also had several monasteries constructed, like the Benedictine monasteries of St John the Evangelist (1060) and St Thomas (c. 1066) in Biograd, and donated much land to the Church. In 1066, he granted a charter to the new monastery of St. Mary in Zadar, where the founder and first nun was his cousin, the Abbess Čika. This remains the oldest Croatian monument in the city of Zadar, and became a spearhead for the reform movement. During the same year, he gave his nephew Stephen Trpimirović the office of Duke of Croatia, which designated him as his co-ruler and successor.
In 1067, the northern part of the kingdom was invaded by Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola, who occupied a part of Kvarner and the eastern coast of Istria, the "March of Dalmatia". As the king was at that time preoccupied with the liturgical issues and reforms in Dalmatia, these parts were eventually liberated by his ban Demetrius Zvonimir.
Territorial policy
It was during his rule that, for the first time, the high-ranking office of ban started to branch, as multiple bans were first mentioned in 1067. It is known that, apart from the ban of Croatia, the banate of Slavonia existed during this period, which was at this time likely held by Krešimir's successor Demetrius Zvonimir. The city of Šibenik is for the first time mentioned during his rule in 1066, which was his seat for some time and is for these reasons referred to as "Krešimir's city" in modern times.
In 1069, he gave the island of Maun, near Nin, to the monastery of St. Krševan in Zadar, in thanks for the "expansion of the kingdom on land and on sea, by the grace of the omnipotent God" (quia Deus omnipotens terra marique nostrum prolungavit regnum). In his surviving document, Krešimir nevertheless did not fail to point out that it was "our own island that lies on our Dalmatian sea" (nostram propriam insulam in nostro Dalmatico mari sitam, que vocatur Mauni).
Around 1070, Krešimir was rumored to have previously murdered his brother Gojslav (some historians identify with Gojčo, Ban of Croatia who served until 1069). Eventually, when the rumors reached abroad, Pope Alexander II sent one of his legates, Mainardius, to inquire about the death of Gojslav. Only after the monarch and 12 Croatian župans had taken an oath that he did not kill his brother, the Pope symbolically restored the royal power to Krešimir. According to Neven Budak, these events happened at the very beginning of Krešimir's reign because was titled only as princeps and it happened before Mainardius calling of Church sabor in 1060. Krešimir in turn made Dmitar Zvonimir the new Ban of Croatia, and subsequently elevated him as his principal adviser with the title Duke of Croatia.
Relations with Byzantium and the Normans
In 1069, he had the Byzantine Empire recognize him as supreme ruler of the Theme of Dalmatia, which Byzantium had controlled since the Croatian dynastic struggle of 997. At the time, the Byzantine empire was at war both with the Seljuk Turks in Asia and the Normans in southern Italy, so Krešimir took the opportunity and, avoiding an imperial nomination as proconsul or eparch, consolidated his holdings as the regnum Dalmatiae et Chroatia. This was not a formal title, but it designated a unified political-administrative territory, which had been the chief desire of the Croatian kings.
In the meantime, the Normans from southern Italy became involved in Balkan politics and Krešimir soon came in contact with them. After the 1071 Battle of Manzikert, where the Seljuk Turks routed the Eastern Imperial army, the Diocleans, Serbs and other Slavs instigated the Bulgarian uprising of Georgi Voyteh against the Byzantium, and in 1072 Krešimir is alleged to have lent his aid to this uprising. However in 1074, at the invitation of the Dalmatian coastal cities and Byzantium, the Normans invaded the Dalmatian possessions of Croatia from southern Italy, ruling since 19 March the towns of Split, Trogir, Biograd na Moru and Zadar for almost a year. During the invasion, the Norman count Amico of Giovinazzo, who was in Byzantine service and Byzantines instigated the attack on Krešimir because he abandoned emperor's sovereignty, also besieged the island of Rab for almost a month (14 April to early May). The siege failed, but he managed to take the island of Cres on 9 May. It was during these clashes that the Croatian king himself was captured by Amico at an unidentified location. The capture was mentioned on Church Sabor of Split in November 1074, which is the last time King Petar Krešimir's name was mentioned. In February 1075, the Republic of Venice expelled the Normans and assumed control of the Dalmatian cities for themselves.
Death and succession
Near the end of his reign, having no sons, Peter Krešimir designated Demetrius Zvonimir as his heir. It seems that Petar Krešimir died in a Norman prison by November 1074 because on 25 January 1075 was sent a letter by Pope Gregory VII to Sweyn II of Denmark in search of a candidate for a new ruler of, to the Pope, nearby "rich land by the sea which became mastered by vulgar and cowardly heretics", meaning Croatia and Amico's Normans. The help from Danish king wasn't needed as Venice soon expelled the Normans and was the coronation of Zvonimir who pledged loyalty to the Holy See.
Krešimir was buried in the church of St. Stephen in Salona (today's Solin) which served as the Mausoleum of Croatian Kings. Several centuries later the Ottoman Turks destroyed the church, banished the monks who had preserved it, and destroyed the graves.
Legacy
Krešimir is, by some historians, regarded as one of the greatest Croatian rulers. Thomas the Archdeacon named him "the Great" in his work Historia Salonitana during the 13th century for his significance in unifying the Dalmatian coastal cities with the Croatian state and accomplishing a peak in Croatia's territorial extent. The RTOP-11 of the Croatian navy was named after Krešimir. The city of Šibenik holds a statue of him and some schools in the vicinity are named after Krešimir.
Notes
Literature
Ferdo Šišić, Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara, 1925, Zagreb
External links
Povijest Hrvatske I. (R. Horvat)/Petar Krešimir
A romantic portrait of Kresimir.
Map of Kingdom of Croatia during Kresimir IV.
Trpimirović dynasty
1074 deaths
Roman Catholic monarchs
Year of birth unknown
11th-century Croatian monarchs
Burials at the Church of St. Stephen, Solin
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酒精脂肪肝传染吗？酒精性脂肪肝是不传染的，他是由于饮酒和食用高脂肪食品、运动量较小引起的，具体表现是脂肪肝，严重的可以出现肝功能损害或转氨酶增高，主要是因为过量饮酒所造成的。轻度脂肪肝时可以完全没有自觉症状，病情加重会出现乏力、纳差、右侧腹胀、右肋下不适等，更严重的可以影响肝功能，出现转氨酶升高。长期大量饮酒对人体消化、神经、循环等系统都有严重的危害，尤其对肝脏有直接毒害作用，其损害程度与饮酒量，饮酒时间和方式均有密切关系。。所以要从生活上做起忌喝酒吸烟忌吃油腻刺激性的食物，和含糖高的饮料，多吃蔬果。多喝温开水。适度的运动锻炼。酒精性脂肪肝缺乏特异性临床症状。酒精性脂肪肝的临床表现与肝脏脂肪浸润的程度成正比，在肝内过多的脂肪被移除后症状可消失。临床上以肝肿大为最常见体征，其次为肝区痛及压痛。少数病人可有轻度黄疸，重症患者可以有腹水和下肢水肿，偶见脾肿大。部分患者可以伴有维生素缺乏表现，如周围神经炎、舌炎、口角炎、皮肤瘀斑等。它本身不是一种病毒传染性疾病，所以对人体是不会传染的。酒精性脂肪肝与其他脂肪肝一样，是一种常见而可逆的弥漫性肝病，但是如果病情进一步发展便可导致肝纤维化或肝硬化，因此早期诊断早期发现酒精性脂肪肝是非常重要的。一般在戒酒和治疗1个月左右，肝内脂肪减少，轻者数月后消失，重者一到两年消失。饮食主要为高热量、高蛋白，适量补充维生素。除了积极治疗之外，平时不要过油腻食物，多吃青菜，比如菠菜芹菜以及谷物等粗纤维食物。多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，不能吸烟，不能饮酒，减少肝脏负担，少食用和不食用油炸，腌制，油腻太大，辛辣带有刺激性的食品。
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山东警察学院，是一所位于山东省济南市的公安类普通本科高等院校，由山东省人民政府举办，山东省公安厅、山东省教育厅共管，以省公安厅为主。历史可追溯至1946年的山东警官学院，是中国共产党建立的第一所警察学校。
学院拥有文化东路校区和章丘区明水校区，文东校区位于文化东路54号，为机关办公所在地和外警及干部培训基地。明水校区位于章丘区双山街道章莱大道2555号，培养普通本科学生。
历史沿革
1946年5月，创建山东警官学校（有称山东省警官学校），位于临沂城西梨杭村。
1948年9月，更名华东警官学校，迁至济南市府东大街79号。
1949年6月，改建山东省警察干部学校。
1950年4月，更名山东省公安干部学校。
1955年7月，更名山东省公安学校。
1958年12月，参与合组山东省政法学院（有称山东政法学院）。
1961年10月，分出，恢复山东省公安学校。
1968年4月，停办。
1976年4月，恢复。
1980年，更名山东省人民警察学校，并恢复山东省公安干部学校，合署办公。
1983年11月，合并组建山东公安专科学校。
2003年，济南石油化工经济学校并入，建为东校区（工业南路校区）。
2004年5月，升格山东警察学院，成为本科院校。
2014年9月，山东警察学院合并山东省经济管理干部学院，迁至章丘市双山街道明水校区，工业南路校区出售于山东济南市商贸学校。
2016年9月，取消专科专业，全面停止专科招生。
院系设置
侦查系、治安系、刑事科学技术系、经济犯罪侦查系、交通管理工程系
专业基础教研部、公共基础教研部、法律教研部、政治理论教研部、实战技能教研部、干部培训部
专业设置:
本科:侦查专业，治安专业，刑事科学技术专业
交通工程管理专业（2014），经济侦查专业（2014），公安情报专业（2015），网络安全与执法（2016）
参考
外部链接
山东警察学院
山东省教育厅
济南高等院校
歷下區建築物
章丘区建筑物
1946年建立的教育機構
公安警察院校
山东警察学院
山东省公安厅
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月经前6天会怀孕么？绝大多数女性都知道，在月经期进行性生活，很容易有妇科感染疾病，所以绝大多数人都会避开月经期进行性生活，而在排卵期性生活没有做好避孕措施，那么女性怀孕的几率是非常高的，而很多人并没有怀孕的打算，所以一般在性生活的时候都会做好避孕措施，不过也有一些人在月经前几天进行性生活，并没有做好措施，那么月经前6天会怀孕么？女性在月经前几天完全可以进行性生活，月经周期正常的女性排卵期应该是月经周期的14天左右，排卵期前四天后五天是女性的危险期，在这个阶段性生活怀孕的几率比较大，但月经前五天和后四天是安全期，在此期间怀孕的几率比较小，如果是在月经前三天同房，那么怀孕的几率会更小。因此如果自己月经正常，那么月经前三天同房也可以不做避孕措施。男女同房要注意，频率缓慢增加，立春后，可以随着性欲增强增加性爱频率，但一定要循序渐进、由少增多，尤其注意不可任意放纵。因为性爱过频可能引起身体不适，严重者会有损肾气；平心气去躁动，春季是肝经主气，肝气顺畅，爱爱才能和谐，身体才能健康。此时爱爱养生最忌情绪烦躁或太过压抑，建议春季性爱前保持平和愉快的心情，带着美好的期待去享受爱爱；补水补阳气，春季天气干燥，夫妻双方都要注意及时补充水分，以免因饮水不足造成尿量少而浓，不能及时把细菌等有害物质排出体外，患上生殖系统疾病。从上面文章我们知道了月经前6天措施怀孕的几率较小，月经周期比较混乱的女性，在性生活的时候，还是要做好避孕措施，在月经来之前很多女性也会有一些比较明显的症状表现，人们可以根据这些症状来预测月经期，女性不想要宝宝还是要做好安全措施。
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在一次世界大戰到二次世界大戰左右，有很多的槍械彈匣都是橫向插槽供彈，但大多都是衝鋒槍為主，比如說德國的MP18和MP28衝鋒槍、英國的斯登衝鋒槍和史特林衝鋒槍，還有日本的百式衝鋒槍等都是屬於橫向插槽供彈。衝鋒槍之外就以德國的FG42傘兵步槍與瑞士的索洛圖恩S-18/100、索洛圖恩S-18/1000和也是橫向插槽供彈，而機關槍很多基本上也算是一種橫向供彈，比如說像日本的92式重機槍就是使用保彈板橫向供彈。而美國的M1941強生機槍則是使用彈匣橫向供彈。
槍械運作
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《夏色》（なついろ）是日本民谣二重唱、J-Pop组合柚子（ゆず）的首张单曲。1998年6月3日由其所属公司发售。
本曲也被用作京急上大岡站的列車接近時的提示音樂。
销量
同年7月第一周，销量进入oricon榜前30位；9月第一周进入前20位，第三周达到最高17位。
2011年 iTunes Store 年度销量仍达79位。
收录曲
夏色（3:21）
作詞・作曲: 北川悠仁在演唱会时，通常唱完本曲后，观众会默契地要求安可。乐队总会再一次演唱本曲的副歌部分。歌曲被认为是夏天题材最佳音乐作品之一。
大傻瓜（大バカ者）（2:49）
作詞・作曲: 岩泽厚治
写给你的歌（贈る詩）（2:49）
作詞・作曲: 北川悠仁
收录作品
夏色
夏色（Live Version #1）
夏色（Live Version #2）
大バカ者
专辑未收录
贈る詩
电视出演
第54回NHK紅白歌合战（2003年12月31日，NHK）
以「例如夏色...」为题的混合曲，与《浓》《直到重逢的那天》混合曲共同披露。
我们的音乐2（2005年6月17日，富士电视台）
Music Lovers（2008年5月4日，日本电视台）
SMAP×SMAP（2009年4月20日，关西电视台・富士电视台）
とくばん（2009年9月20日，TBS）
Music Station圣诞节特殊直播2010（2010年12月24日，朝日电视台）
单曲《from》同时披露。
Music Fair（2011年，富士电视台）
參考資料
外部链接
1998年單曲
NHK紅白歌合戰演唱歌曲
柚子歌曲
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龟头炎怎样治疗最有效？男性龟头炎症通常是由于包皮过长，覆盖龟头，皮脂腺分泌皮脂不能排出，积聚在龟头冠状沟处细菌繁殖导致包皮龟头炎症。治疗需采取几点：主要是注意个人卫生，每日清洗，避免包皮垢的积聚。长期反复感染，可以做包皮环切术。龟头炎在生活中常见，多见于包皮过长的男性。包皮过长造成包皮垢积聚，刺激局部容易造成炎症，合并有细菌或真菌感染，使病情加重。一般龟头炎症，一般龟头炎是可以治愈的，广大的青少年男性要注意个人卫生，经常清洗会阴部，尤其是包皮龟头保持局部清洁，预防包皮龟头炎的发生。龟头炎首先是对炎症的处理，就是局部洗液清理。洗液临床上往往以中药制剂为主，还有化学药品，所有的药物最好找专科大夫诊断推荐使用，这是长久预防龟头炎的措施。还有个人卫生情况。成年男性特别是包皮过长的男性，一定要注意个人卫生的清洁，至少做到每天晚上用温水清洗一次。不建议使用各种洗液之类的物品，直接用清水冲洗以后，用卫生纸把包皮里面擦干净，保持包皮里面干燥。糖尿病患者血糖控制也很重要。老年患者排尿功能不好时，每次排尿完包皮、龟头清洗工作也应该做到，避免尿液残留在包皮和龟头之间，滋润龟头炎的发生。手术治疗，这是治疗龟头炎最彻底的办法，如果龟头炎经常复发，而患者的包皮又难以翻开清洗，那便要考虑进行切割包皮手术。上翻包皮，局部用药液清洗，并保持干燥。如包皮不能上翻，可切开包皮背侧，以利引流和清洗。不可自己胡乱用药：这是治疗龟头炎时最关键的，患者发现自己患有龟头炎时，多数患者认为是性病，于是自己乱用外用消毒消炎的清洁剂，这样局部皮肤受到强烈的化学刺激出现红肿、渗出加剧了炎症反应，最终可形成慢性龟头炎。
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女性丙肝是怎么患上的？女性患有丙肝主要与传播途径有关，最常见的传播途径是血液污染、性传播或母婴传播，血液污染是传播的主要途径。如果有输血史，也有接触丙肝污染的针头和医疗化妆品而没有严格消毒，如纹身、眉毛、耳孔等潜在的血液传播。此外，与感染丙型肝炎的人进行未受保护的性行为也可能导致感染，特别是对那些有多个性伴侣的人。感染丙肝的孕妇也可通过宫内感染或产前、产后接触感染新生儿，感染率约为5%-10%。一旦被感染，丙肝对肝脏的损害就会悄悄地开始。丙型肝炎的治疗需要首先查明病因，然后寻求有效的治疗。在饮酒、疲劳、长期使用肝毒药物等外部因素的影响下，可以促进该病的发展。丙型肝炎的病理变化与乙型肝炎非常相似，主要表现为肝细胞坏死和淋巴细胞浸润，慢性肝炎可导致门部纤维组织增生。丙肝感染的发病机制主要包括免疫调节和丙肝直接损伤。病毒因子包括病毒多肽的基因型、复制能力和免疫原性。宿主因子包括先天免疫反应、体液免疫和细胞免疫反应，使用免疫抑制剂等因素也会影响丙肝的感染过程。丙型肝炎在急性期通常较轻或无症状，当它变为慢性时，许多人可能在很长一段时间内没有任何症状，但病毒对肝细胞的损害持续到肝硬化或恶性转化为肝细胞癌。更令人担忧的是，大约50%到85%的感染丙肝的患者演变成慢性丙型肝炎。如果不及时、正确、合理地治疗慢性丙型肝炎，10%到30%的患者会发展为肝硬化，约3%到10%的肝硬化患者会发展为肝细胞癌，因此丙型肝炎患者即使没有症状也应尽快治疗。
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光州站（）是光州線的終點車站，位于韓國光州廣域市北區，有ITX-新村、無窮花號及通勤列車。
車站結構
站體為3面6線的混合式月台。
月台配置
历史
1922年7月1日：落成使用。
1950年：车站毁坏。
1969年7月25日：车站改为现址。
车站周边
全南日报
现代百货店
相鄰車站
韓國鐵道公社
韓國高速鐵道
長城－光州
光州線
極樂江－光州
北區鐵路車站 (光州廣域市)
韓國鐵路車站 ㄱ
韓國鐵道公社車站
1922年啟用的鐵路車站
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糯米团属（学名：Gonostegia）也称石薯属，为荨麻科的一个属。
属名Gonostegia源于希腊语gonia（棱角）和stege（盖）的合成词。
物种
本属包括以下物种：
糯米团 Gonostegia hirta
台湾糯米团 Gonostegia parvifolia
五蕊糯米团 Gonostegia pentandra
参考文献
R
R
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Kevin R. Gowdy (born November 16, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization. He attended Santa Barbara High School in Santa Barbara, California and was considered a top prospect for the 2016 MLB draft. Gowdy was selected by the Philadelphia Phillies in the second round, with the 42nd overall pick.
Amateur career
Gowdy made Santa Barbara High School's varsity team as a sophomore. That year, he had a 0–2 win-loss record and 1.27 earned run average (ERA) in 23 innings pitched. As a junior, he improved to 3–0 with a 0.27 ERA in 26 innings pitched, signing a National Letter of Intent to UCLA after leading his team to the CIF-SS Division II playoffs for the second straight year. He also won a gold medal with the United States at the 2015 WBSC U-18 Baseball World Cup in Japan. He earned a win against Mexico, and pitched two scoreless innings to lead Team USA to a comeback win over Cuba in the semifinal.
After his junior year, Gowdy was selected by the Philadelphia Phillies in the second round of the 2016 MLB draft. He bypassed a college career and signed with the Phillies for $3.5 million.
Professional career
Philadelphia Phillies
Gowdy was assigned to the GCL Phillies, where he spent the remainder of the season, posting a 4.00 ERA in nine innings pitched. He did not report to a minor league club to begin the 2017 season and instead underwent Tommy John surgery in August, which caused him to miss the 2018 season. He returned to pitch in 2019 with the Lakewood BlueClaws, going 0–6 with a 4.68 ERA in 24 games (16 starts), striking out 53 batters over 77 innings. He did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the Minor League Baseball season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gowdy opened the 2021 season with the Jersey Shore BlueClaws of the High-A East, going 4–5 with a 4.42 ERA and 63 strikeouts over 61 innings.
Texas Rangers
On July 30, 2021, Gowdy, Spencer Howard, and Josh Gessner were traded to the Texas Rangers in exchange for Hans Crouse, Kyle Gibson, and Ian Kennedy. He finished out the 2021 season with the Hickory Crawdads of the High-A East, going 2–1 with a 3.71 ERA and 26 strikeouts over 29 innings. Gowdy opened the 2022 season back with Hickory. He entered free agency in November 2022.
Los Angeles Dodgers
Gowdy signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers on January 23, 2023. The Dodgers assigned him to the Double–A Tulsa Drillers, where he appeared in 31 games with a 4.93 ERA and 41 strikeouts.
Scouting report
Gowdy throws a fastball between 89–92 miles per hour (143–148 km/h), a changeup, and a breaking ball.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Santa Barbara High School alumni
Baseball players from Santa Barbara, California
Baseball pitchers
Minor league baseball players
Florida Complex League Phillies players
Lakewood BlueClaws players
Jersey Shore BlueClaws players
Hickory Crawdads players
Frisco RoughRiders players
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阿米巴性宫颈炎的症状是什么？主要表现为阴道分泌物增多、呈脓性、脓血性或浆液性、有腥臭味。伴有阴道炎者常有阴道痛、烧灼感、无外阴瘙痒。妇科检查及阴道窥器检查见宫颈变形呈虫蚀样溃疡及坏死组织，溃疡边缘凸起似火山口样，表面有污秽灰黄色分泌物覆盖，白带呈黄色脓性或血性黏液，触诊易出血，易误诊为宫颈癌。根据临床表现，在阴道分泌物中找到阿米巴原虫即可诊断。
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Babatunde Rahim, known professionally as Lyta, is a Nigerian singer. He signed a record deal with YBNL Nation in 2018 but left the label in May 2019 after having a disagreement with the label owner Olamide. He released the 5-track debut EP Id in 2019.
Early life and career
A native of Kwara State, Lyta grew up in Ajegunle and was a member of Ile Kewu, a music group at his local mosque. His record deal with YBNL Nation was made public on 3 February 2018. In 2019, Lyta confirmed that he did not have any written contracts with YBNL Nation. Lyta's breakthrough single with YBNL Nation, "Time", features vocals by Olamide and was released on 14 February 2018.
In 2019, Lyta left YBNL Nation due to contractual and personal issues. After exiting YBNL, he signed with Doro Musik Gang and released the Killertunes produced track "Monalisa" on 12 July 2019. The visuals for "Monalisa", which was directed by Director K, amassed over 500,000 views within a month after its release.
A few weeks after the release of "Monalisa", Davido reached out to Lyta about recording an official remix with him. Following their agreement, Davido and Lyta flew to Dakar for the remix and video shoot. The remix of "Monalisa" was released on 30 August 2019. Elias Light of Rolling Stone magazine described the song as a "handsome contradiction, with fierce expressions of yearning". The accompanying music video for the remix was directed by Director K. Lyta gained exposure following his collaboration with Davido on the remix.
Lyta released the Afrobeat track "Worry" on 6 December 2019; it was produced by Killer Tunes. The visuals for "Worry" was shot and directed by Simplicity Visual Studios in London.
YBNL exit
Reports about Lyta's exit from YBNL surfaced after Olamide unfollowed him on Instagram. In May 2019, Lyta confirmed his exit from YNBL Nation on Naijaloaded TV. He said although he was paid between 50,000 and 80,000 for shows, he never had a written contract with the label. Olamide issued a statement to Guardian Life, saying YBNL has a promotion calendar that Lyta refused to follow.
New record label
In 2020, Lyta was signed to Marlian Records owned by Naira Marley. He also released his first single under the label titled "Hold me Down(Omo Gidi)". The video to "Hold Me Down", which was inspired by Kpop Korean boy band GOT7 and BTS, was directed by TG Omori. The video is an exact replica of GOT7's "Just Right" music video. However, Lyta did not ask for permission and K-pop fans were furious about the exact copy of the video. Lyta said, "I am not signed with Marlian records. Naira Marley is just showing me love."
Discography
EPs
Id (2019)
Singles
Time (2018)
Self made (2018)
Worry (2019)
Monalisa (2018)
Mama (2020)
Hold me down (2020)
Everybody (2020)
Ramadan (2020)
Birthday Wish (2020)
Hold Me Down (Omo Gidi) (2020)
Are You Sure (2021)
As lead artist
As featured artist
Awards and nominations
References
Living people
Nigerian male singer-songwriters
Nigerian singer-songwriters
Nigerian child singers
Nigerian male pop singers
English-language singers from Nigeria
Yoruba-language singers
Musicians from Lagos
21st-century Nigerian male singers
Year of birth missing (living people)
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利斯基夫希納（），是烏克蘭的村落，位於該國北部切爾尼戈夫州，由謝苗諾夫卡區負責管轄，面積0.24平方公里，海拔高度141米，2001年人口68，人口密度每平方公里283.3人。
參考資料
Погода в селі Лісківщина
切爾尼戈夫州村落
謝苗諾夫卡區村落
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九四式8毫米手槍（）是一種由日本帝國在二戰戰前及戰時期間大量生產的小型輕量半自動手槍。
基本信息
日本九四式手槍為戰車乘員，汽車兵，飛行員等非直接戰鬥人員所裝備的自衛手槍，這種手槍精準度高，而且重量比大正14年式戰鬥手槍輕，並且也不需要經常保養擦拭，由於同樣使用8公厘南部子彈，該槍殺傷力與大正14年式一樣也是差強人意，此槍的絕對射擊精度不如大正14年式與南部戰鬥手槍，但指向射擊更準，特別適合沒有時間苦練槍法或射擊技術生疏的技術兵員。
歷史
此手槍由南部麒次郎設計，並在1934年於南部銃製造所開始生產。雖然此槍原本是鎖定民間市場，但有一些說法稱這槍原本是開發給飛行員、航空人員，與坦克部隊使用的袖珍型手槍，因為當時認為標準的十四式8公厘南部手槍太大了。事實上，十四式的確比Colt 1911 .45 ACP手槍還長了14毫米。此槍擁有塑膠材質的握把，而非十四式採用的角製或木製握把；這是為了使此槍能夠便宜量產，不過後來的改造增加了它的成本。
九四式與十四式同樣採用8x22mm(.315吋)彈藥，並因有著較堅固、能減少意外走火的發射機件，而較容易裝填。此槍因一個設計瑕疵而惡名昭彰：若壓下槍身左側一個露出的擊槌固定器，上膛的子彈就會被擊發。不過事實上，此槍的保險關閉時(應該一直如此，除非正準備要射擊)，也能夠安全的擋住擊槌固定桿，因而有效防止任何意外走火；其次，日軍嚴格規定在非使用狀態時手槍不能裝彈、上膛，故並沒有意外走火的案例被記錄下來。
因此既使這個設計具有缺陷，但曾在使用時意外走火的真實性令人存疑；雖然有些軍官據傳曾描述有人在踩到泥巴滑倒後，因不經意的觸發手槍而射傷自己，這似乎比較像是一個廣為流傳在槍械作家之間的流言。不過這支槍在商業上是個失敗品。事實上，此手槍常常被認定是有史以來最糟糕的軍用手槍。
有大量的九四式為了軍事用途被生產。在第二次世界大戰中，此槍的製造紀錄失散了，不過一般是認為總共生產了超過72,000支九四式。與軸心國製造的大多武器相同的是，到了戰爭後期九四式的生產品質大幅下降。
使用國
外部連結
九四式拳銃
後座作用式槍械
半自動手槍
日本槍械
日本二戰武器
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彼得鮑恩巴赫河是德國的河流，位於該國東南部，由巴伐利亞負責管轄，屬於伊薩爾河的左支流，河道全長1.7公里，流經巴特特爾茨-沃爾夫拉茨豪森縣。
參考資料
Lauf des Haunleitenbachs auf dem BayernAtlas
德國河流
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肩胛颈及肩胛盂骨折的鉴别诊断？骨折严重移位者，出现方肩，需与肩关节脱位鉴别，此时伤肢无外展、弹性固定情况。
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Bryan Verboom (born 30 January 1992) is a Belgian footballer who plays as left back. He is a former Belgium U21 international.
Career
Early career
Verboom started his career at Sporting Charleroi before joining Anderlecht.
Zulte Waregem
He joined Zulte Waregem on loan in 2012. He played his first official match the 27 October 2012 against Waasland-Beveren and scored his first goal against Sporting Charleroi a few days later. During his loan spell he scored 1 goal in 20 games during an impressive loan spell.
Zulte-Waregem exercised their loan option to sign Verboom and signed Verboom on a permanent deal from Anderlecht in 2013. He helped Zulte-Waregem to a second-place finish in the Belgian League to help them qualify for The Champions League in his first season at the club, however they were knocked out by Dutch side PSV Eindhoven as a result Waregem dropped in the UEFA Europa League. During the 2013/14 season, Verboom finished runner up in the Belgian Cup Final after losing to Lokeren in a 1–0 defeat.
Verboom's impressive form at left back also saw Waregem qualify for the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League qualifiers also.
International career
Verboom was born in Belgium and is of Congolese descent. Verboom was capped by Belgium U21s in 2012.
Honours
Belgian Pro League:
Runners-up: 2012–13
Belgian Cup:
Runners-up: 2013–14
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Belgian men's footballers
Belgian expatriate men's footballers
Belgium men's under-21 international footballers
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
R. Charleroi S.C. players
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
S.V. Zulte Waregem players
Roda JC Kerkrade players
K.V. Kortrijk players
UR La Louvière Centre players
FC Aarau players
Belgian Pro League players
Eredivisie players
Belgian Third Division players
Swiss Challenge League players
People from Anderlecht
Men's association football defenders
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015) players
Field hockey players from Brussels
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Boronia dichotoma is a plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, slender perennial herb or shrub with simple leaves and pink, four-petalled flowers. The species is characterised by sticky glandular hairs on the pedicels.
Description
Boronia dichotoma is an erect slender herb or shrub that grows to a height of about with slender branches. The leaves are glabrous, narrow oblong to elliptic or egg-shaped, long, the upper leaves almost cylindrical in shape. The flowers are arranged in open, branched groups on the ends of the branches. Each flower is on the end of a thin pedicel with small bracts and bracteoles at the base. The pedicels have sticky glandular hairs. The four sepals are red, egg-shaped, about long and fall off as the fruit develops. The four petals are pink, elliptic, long and glabrous. The eight stamens are hairy on their outer edges and the stigma is small. Flowering occurs from August to December.
Taxonomy and naming
Boronia dichotoma was first formally described in 1841 by John Lindley and the description was published in Edwards's Botanical Register from a specimen collected by Georgina Molloy near "a beautiful turn of the River Vasse".
Distribution and habitat
This boronia grows in winter-wet areas from near Perth to the Margaret River in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions.
Conservation
Boronia dichotoma is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
References
dichotoma
Flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 1841
Taxa named by John Lindley
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请描述小儿厌食症的病因学研究？胃肠道疾病：如消化性溃疡、急慢性肝炎、慢性肠炎、各种原因的腹泻及慢性便秘等都是常见的原因。消化道变态反应及服用易引起恶心、呕吐的药物如红霉素、氯霉素、磺胺类药物以及氨茶碱等也可导致厌食。全身性疾病如结核病、胶原病、贫血、及一些慢性感染等。锌缺乏和缺乏某些内分泌时，如甲状腺功能低下等。其他如肝功能不全、高血压、酸中毒、尿毒症、以及心功能不全消化道淤血。近年来较多增加的维生素A和/或维生素D中毒等。除以上疾病外，应注意小儿情绪变化可引起厌食。特别是因家长溺爱对小儿进食采取不适当的态度，反而引起神经性厌食（参阅精神疾病篇）。不良的饮食习惯常是厌食的主要原因，高蛋白、高糖的饮食使食欲下降；两餐之间随意吃糖果、点心、花生、瓜子等零食，以及吃饭不定时、生活不规律都影响食欲；夏季气候过热，湿度过高以及过多的冷饮都影响消化液的分泌，而影响食欲。长期厌食可致营养不良和体质减弱。
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蒙泰基奥埃米利亚（），是意大利雷焦艾米利亚省的一个市镇。总面积24平方公里，人口10376人，人口密度432.3人/平方公里（2009年）。ISTAT代码为035027。
参考
外部链接
雷焦艾米利亚省市镇
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我肝功检查能正常，是否可以排除有乙肝？乙肝是一种由乙型肝炎病毒感染机体后所引起的疾病。主要存在于肝细胞内并损害肝细胞，引起肝细胞炎症、坏死、纤维化。乙肝一般指慢性乙型肝炎。慢性乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）是指乙肝病毒检测为阳性，病程超过半年或发病日期不明确而临床有慢性肝炎表现者。临床表现为乏力、畏食、恶心、腹胀、肝区疼痛等症状。肝大，质地为中等硬度，有轻压痛。病情重者可伴有慢性肝病面容、蜘蛛痣、肝掌、脾大，肝功能可异常或持续异常。根据临床表现分为轻度、中度和重度。而慢性乙肝携带是指乙肝病毒检测为阳性，无慢性肝炎症状，1年内连续随访3次以上血清ALT和AST均无异常，且肝组织学检查正常者。乙肝是传染性疾病，危害大，在确诊乙肝后一定要积极对症治疗。由于该病的治疗方法很多，患者在治疗的时候一定要选择正规专业的医院，同时要选择适合自己病情的治疗方法，避免治疗误区，这样才能更好的保障治疗的效果。同时还要注意饮食清淡，适当运动，不要过度劳累。只要正确治疗,绝大部分乙肝患者都有可能自愈或者治愈。乙肝之所以难以治愈,是由于绝大部分乙肝患者都有免疫耐受力,对乙肝病毒hbv不产生免疫应答,故导致乙肝迁延不愈,一般药物很难根治.所以,采用正确的治疗方法,促使体内免疫系统对乙肝病毒产生免疫应答,是乙肝快速康复的关键.治疗乙肝西医目前没有特效药。同时，平时注意休息，避免过度劳累，尽量少吃辛辣和油腻食物，戒烟酒，高维生素，高蛋白，低脂肪饮食，保持生活规律，尽量不要熬夜，定期复查。
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are subjects for daily meditation at Japan's Naval Academy.
Five Reflections
These reflections were originally devised by Vice Admiral Hajime Matsushita, who was the Chief of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, and used from 1932 to its abolishment in 1945. Every evening cadets are expected to meditate on these inter-related questions.
The Japan Maritime Self Defense Force (JMSDF), from its establishment in 1954, encourages the use of the Gosei as a self-reflective exercise during the course of daily living.
The crux of this contemplative practice has been translated into English and has been discussed at the United States Naval Academy.
Notes
References
Kennedy, Maxwell Taylor. (2009). Danger's Hour: The Story of the USS Bunker Hill and the Kamikaze Pilot Who Crippled Her. New York: Simon and Schuster. ;
Smith, Peter C. (2006). Fist from the Sky: Japan's Dive-Bomber Ace of World War II. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole. ;
See also
Five Precepts
External links
Precepts of Ieyasu Tokugawa
Codes of conduct
1932 documents
Imperial Japanese Navy
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Geyzer is a in the Soviet Navy and later the Russian Navy.
Specifications
Small missile ships of the Project 1234 according to NATO classification Nanuchka-class corvette is a series of Soviet small missile ships (MRK) of the 3rd rank built at shipyards of the USSR from 1967-1992.
The type consists of three series of subprojects:
Project 1234, NATO code Nanuchka I
Project 1234E, NATO code Nanuchka II
Project 1234.1, NATO code Nanuchka III
Project 1234.7, NATO code Nanuchka IV
By the name of the project code, the ships received the nickname gadflies in the navy. IRAs of Project 1234 were supplied to the Navy of four countries of the world: the USSR, Algeria, Libya and India. Libyan ones were destroyed during the NATO military operation in the summer of 2011; Indian ships of this project were withdrawn from the Indian Navy in 1999-2004.
The ships of the project were actively operated in all four fleets of the Soviet Navy and during the 1970-1980s carried out combat services in the World Ocean. They left a noticeable mark on the history of Soviet shipbuilding and are currently being gradually withdrawn from the combat strength of the Russian fleet. So, if at the beginning of 2001 in the Russian Navy there were 2 ships of project 1234 and 18 ships of Project 1234.1, then by 2006 all ships of project 1234 were withdrawn from the Navy and only 12 ships of the project remained in Project 1234.1 and 1 ship of Project 1234.7.
Construction and career
Geyzer was laid down on 21 December 1987 at Almaz Shipyard, Leningrad. Launched on 28 August 1989 and commissioned into the Baltic Fleet on 27 December 1989.
On 12 August 2016, together with the missile boats and , Geyzer took part in exercises with artillery firing (from 76 and 30 mm artillery mounts) at targets simulating combat ships and air attack weapons of a conventional enemy, and also performed electronic missile launches at targets imitating a detachment of imaginary enemy ships.
In September 2016, as part of a checkout to the sea, the crew of Geyzer successfully fired a Malachite cruise missile at a naval shield imitating a simulated enemy ship. According to objective control data, the launched cruise missile successfully hit the designated target at a distance of over . Then the corvette launched a target missile for the testing of the frigate .
Pennant numbers
Citations
Ships built by Almaz Shipbuilding Company
1989 ships
Nanuchka-class corvettes
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This article describes the history of New Zealand cricket from the 1970–71 season until 2000.
New Zealand's outstanding player in this period was the great fast bowler and all-rounder Richard Hadlee.
Domestic cricket
The Plunket Shield was replaced in 1974 by the Shell Trophy after Shell Oil became the principal sponsor of New Zealand cricket.
Plunket Shield winners
1970–71 – Central Districts
1971–72 – Otago
1972–73 – Wellington
1973–74 – Wellington
Shell Trophy winners
1974–75 – Otago
1975–76 – Canterbury
1976–77 – Otago
1977–78 – Auckland
1978–79 – Otago
1979–80 – Northern Districts
1980–81 – Auckland
1981–82 – Wellington
1982–83 – Wellington
1983–84 – Canterbury
1984–85 – Wellington
1985–86 – Otago
1986–87 – Central Districts
1987–88 – Otago
1988–89 – Auckland
1989–90 – Wellington
1990–91 – Auckland
1991–92 – Central Districts & Northern Districts shared
1992–93 – Northern Districts
1993–94 – Canterbury
1994–95 – Auckland
1995–96 – Auckland
1996–97 – Canterbury
1997–98 – Canterbury
1998–99 – Central Districts Stags
1999–2000 – Northern Districts Knights
International tours of New Zealand
England 1970–71
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – England won by 8 wickets
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Pakistan 1972–73
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Carisbrook, Dunedin – Pakistan won by an innings and 166 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Australia 1973–74
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – New Zealand won by 5 wickets
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – Australia won by 297 runs
England 1974–75
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – England won by an innings and 83 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
India 1975–76
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – India won by 8 wickets
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by an innings and 33 runs
Australia 1976–77
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – Australia won by 10 wickets
England 1977–78
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by 72 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – England won by 174 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Pakistan 1978–79
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – Pakistan won by 128 runs
[ 2nd Test] at McLean Park, Napier – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
DH Robins' XI 1979–80
West Indies 1979–80
India 1980–81
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by 62 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Australia 1981–82
1st Test at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
2nd Test at Eden Park, Auckland – New Zealand won by 5 wickets
3rd Test at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – Australia won by 8 wickets
Sri Lanka 1982–83
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – New Zealand won by an innings and 25 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by 6 wickets
England 1983–84
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – New Zealand won by an innings and 132 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Pakistan 1984–85
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – New Zealand won by an innings and 99 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Carisbrook, Dunedin – New Zealand won by 2 wickets
Australia 1985–86
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – New Zealand won by 8 wickets
West Indies 1986–87
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – West Indies won by 10 wickets
[ 3rd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – New Zealand won by 5 wickets
England 1987–88
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
Pakistan 1988–89
[ 1st Test] at Carisbrook, Dunedin – game abandoned: heavy rain prevented the toss and any play; called off on the third day
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Australia 1989–90
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by 9 wickets
India 1989–90
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – New Zealand won by 10 wickets
[ 2nd Test] at McLean Park, Napier – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
Sri Lanka 1990–91
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Trust Bank Park, Hamilton – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
England 1991–92
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – England won by an innings and 4 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – England won by 168 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
Australia 1992–93
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – Australia won by an innings and 60 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – New Zealand won by 5 wickets
Pakistan 1992–93
[ 1st Test] at Trust Bank Park, Hamilton – Pakistan won by 33 runs
India 1993–94
[ 1st Test] at Trust Bank Park, Hamilton – match drawn
Pakistan 1993–94
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – Pakistan won by 5 wickets
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – Pakistan won by an innings and 12 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – New Zealand won by 5 wickets
India 1994–95
South Africa 1994–95
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – South Africa won by 93 runs
Sri Lanka 1994–95
[ 1st Test] at McLean Park, Napier – Sri Lanka won by 241 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Carisbrook, Dunedin – match drawn
West Indies 1994–95
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – West Indies won by an innings and 322 runs
Pakistan 1995–96
[ 1st Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – Pakistan won by 161 runs
Zimbabwe 1995–96
[ 1st Test] at Trust Bank Park, Hamilton – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
England 1996–97
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – England won by an innings and 68 runs
[ 3rd Test] at Lancaster Park, Christchurch – England won by 4 wickets
Sri Lanka 1996–97
[ 1st Test] at Carisbrook, Dunedin – New Zealand won by an innings and 36 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Trust Bank Park, Hamilton – New Zealand won by 120 runs
Australia 1997–98
Bangladesh 1997–98
Bangladesh toured New Zealand in November and December 1997 and played four first-class and four List A matches. Bangladesh had not yet been granted full international status, so there were no Tests.
Zimbabwe 1997–98
[ 1st Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by 10 wickets
[ 2nd Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – New Zealand won by an innings and 13 runs
India 1998–99
[ 1st Test] at Carisbrook, Dunedin – game abandoned: no toss was made; abandoned due to persistent rain
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by 4 wickets
[ 3rd Test] at WestpacTrust Park, Hamilton – match drawn
South Africa 1998–99
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – match drawn
[ 2nd Test] at Jade Stadium, Christchurch – match drawn
[ 3rd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – South Africa won by 8 wickets
Australia 1999–2000
[ 1st Test] at Eden Park, Auckland – Australia won by 62 runs
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – Australia won by 6 wickets
[ 3rd Test] at WestpacTrust Park, Hamilton – Australia won by 6 wickets
West Indies 1999–2000
[ 1st Test] at WestpacTrust Park, Hamilton – New Zealand won by 9 wickets
[ 2nd Test] at Basin Reserve, Wellington – New Zealand won by an innings and 105 runs
Annual reviews
Playfair Cricket Annual 1971 to 2000 editions
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 1971 to 2000 editions
See also
History of cricket in New Zealand
References
Further reading
Bill Frindall, The Wisden Book of Test Cricket 1877–1978, Wisden, 1979
Don Neely & Richard Payne, Men in White: The History of New Zealand International Cricket, 1894–1985, Moa, Auckland, 1986
External links
CricketArchive – New Zealand season itineraries
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8bit（）是日本的一間動畫製作公司，主要從事動畫企劃、制作、攝影。
概要
動畫制作公司SATELIGHTCG部門出身的葛西勵，在制作完《超時空要塞Frontier》電視動畫後，於2008年9月成立8bit。
成立以來，一直協力參與SATELIGHT的動畫製作，直至2011年初次獨立製作《IS〈Infinite Stratos〉》。
作品一覽
獨立製作
電視動畫
OVA
IS〈Infinite Stratos〉 Encore 渴望恋爱的六重奏（，2011年）
IS〈Infinite Stratos〉 世界清除篇（，2014年）
前进吧！登山少女：回忆的礼物（OVA：ヤマノススメ おもいでプレゼント，2018年）
剧场动画
劇場版 Macross F 虛空歌姬 （，2009年，與SATELIGHT共同製作）
劇場版 魔法科高中的劣等生 呼喚星星的少女（，2017年）
參與製作
協力內容的表格空白表示為協力製作。
關連人物
葛西勵
菊地康仁
關連項目
SATELIGHT
日本動畫工作室列表
參考資料
外部連結
8bit官方網站
日本動畫工作室
杉並區公司
2008年日本建立
2008年成立的公司
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Loviisa sub-region is a subdivision of Uusimaa and one of the Sub-regions of Finland since 2009.
Municipalities
Politics
Results of the 2018 Finnish presidential election:
Sauli Niinistö 66.8%
Pekka Haavisto 10.3%
Laura Huhtasaari 5.4%
Nils Torvalds 5.4%
Paavo Väyrynen 4.8%
Tuula Haatainen 3.5%
Merja Kyllönen 1.9%
Matti Vanhanen 1.9%
Sub-regions of Finland
Geography of Uusimaa
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Filip Eidsheim (born 16 February 1990) is a Norwegian former professional cyclist.
Major results
2008
2nd Time trial, National Junior Road Championships
2010
1st Stage 4 Tour des Pyrénées
2011
3rd Dwars door de Antwerpse Kempen
2012
4th ZLM Tour
10th Ronde van Vlaanderen U23
2013
8th Skive–Løbet
2014
2nd Road race, National Road Championships
3rd Central European Tour Szerencs–Ibrány
5th Central European Tour Košice–Miskolc
10th Trofej Umag
2015
Tour du Maroc
1st Stages 9 & 10
6th GP Viborg
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Norwegian male cyclists
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来托利（英文：Laetoli）是坦桑尼亚北部的一处考古遗址，位于奥杜瓦伊峡谷以南45公里处，其历史可追溯至上新世到更新世时期。1976年，英国考古学家瑪麗·李奇和她的团队在此地的火山灰中发现了古人类脚印化石，并于1978年挖掘采集。这些脚印被称作“来托利脚印”（英文：Laetoli footprints），为上新世古人类的双足行走理论提供了确凿的证据，得到了学者和公众的高度认可。
坦尚尼亞考古遺址
遗迹化石
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沃姆斯普林斯（）是位于美国佐治亚州西部梅里韦瑟县的一座城市。根据美国2000年人口普查，共有人口485人，其中白人占67.22%、非裔美国人占31.75%。
第32任美国总统富兰克林·D·罗斯福逝世于沃姆斯普林斯，其治疗脊髓灰质炎的温泉如今由罗斯福沃姆斯普林斯康复机构运作，并且未完成的羅斯福肖像也保存在罗斯福生前的别墅，一个叫小白宮的地方。
外部链接
官方网站
罗斯福沃姆斯普林斯康复机构
佐治亚州城市
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统任期
美國溫泉鎮
喬治亞州溫泉
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The Commons Act 1236 (20 Hen. 3. c. 4) was an Act of the Parliament of England. It was chapter 4 of the Statute of Merton.
The whole Chapter, in so far as it extended to Northern Ireland, was repealed by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1950.
The whole Act was repealed by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1953.
See also
Commons Act
References
Halsbury's Statutes,
External links
Acts of the Parliament of England
1230s in law
1236 in England
Common land in England
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The Common Component Architecture (CCA) was a standard for Component-based software engineering used in high-performance also known as scientific) computing. Features of the Common Component Architecture that distinguish it from commercial component standards Component Object Model, CORBA, Enterprise JavaBeans include support for Fortran programmers, multi-dimensional data arrays, exotic hardware and operating systems, and a variety of network data transports not typically suited for wide area networks.
Common Component Architecture activity appears to have ceased, with no news on the webpage since 2006.
External links
Common Component Architecture Forum
Software architecture
Component-based software engineering
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网纹草是什么?？网纹草，又名白网纹草、红网纹草，为爵床科网纹草属下的一个被子植物物种。网纹草是哥伦比亚、秘鲁、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔尔和巴西北部等地的热带雨林的本土植物，但不具入侵性。作为一种草本植物，本物种的特色是其深绿色的叶片，与其白色或红色叶脉形成强烈的对比。在气温低于的温带地区只能于室内作观叶植物来种植。
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NGC 1399 is a large elliptical galaxy in the Southern constellation Fornax, the central galaxy in the Fornax Cluster.
The galaxy is 66 million light-years away from Earth. With a diameter of 130 000 light-years, it is one of the largest galaxies in the Fornax Cluster and slightly larger than the Milky Way. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on October 22, 1835.
Characteristics
It is a type-cD galaxy, with a bright center and a vast, diffuse envelope surrounding it. It is also an early-type galaxy, the largest one in the Fornax Cluster.
Despite their name, early-type galaxies are much older than spiral galaxies, and mostly comprise old, red-colored stars. Very little star formation occurs in these galaxies; the lack of star formation in elliptical galaxies appears to start at the center and then slowly propagates outward.
Globular clusters
NGC 1399 is very rich in globular clusters. The population is estimated to be between 5700 and 6500. It has been proposed that NGC 1399 has a rich system of globular clusters because NGC 1404 gave up most of its globular clusters due to gravitational interactions. The estimated angular extent, measured from the NGC 1399 centre and up to a limiting radius where the areal density of blue globular clusters falls to 30 per cent of the background level, is 45 arcmin, which corresponds to 220–275 kpc at the Fornax distance. The bimodal colour distribution of this globular cluster system, as well as the different radial distribution of blue and red clusters, up to these large distances from the parent galaxy, are confirmed. The azimuthal globular cluster distribution exhibits asymmetries that might be understood in terms of tidal stripping of globulars from NGC 1387, another nearby galaxy. The good agreement between the areal density profile of blue clusters and a projected dark-matter NFW density profile is emphasized.
Supermassive black hole
The core of NGC 1399 contains a supermassive black hole of 510 million solar masses, a factor of over 2 below the correlation of black hole mass and velocity dispersion. There is also a dramatic signature for central tangential anisotropy. The velocity profiles on adjacent sides 0.5" away from the nucleus show strong bimodality, and the central spectrum shows a large drop in the dispersion. Both of these observations point to an orbital distribution that is tangentially biased. The best-fit orbital model suggests a ratio of the tangential to radial internal velocity dispersions of 3. This ratio is the largest seen in any galaxy to date and will provide an important measure for the mode by which the central black hole has grown.
Planetary nebulae
There are 37 planetary nebulae in this galaxy. Their magnitudes are around 27. The accuracy of the measured radial velocities of these planetary nebulae is about 70 km/s, which is much smaller than the velocity dispersion of the galaxy.
Spectrum
A spectrum was taken as part of a study of giant elliptical galaxies to figure out why galaxies of this type do not form stars. The data collected with Herschel showed that, contrary to previous belief, most of these galaxies contain plenty of cold gas – the raw material to form stars – with the exception of NGC 1399 and one other.
A multi-wavelength study suggested that, while hot gas cools down in these galaxies, stars do not form because of feedback from the central supermassive black hole, which heats up the gas again or pushes it beyond the galaxy's reach. For most of the galaxies observed, the activity of the black hole seems to have put an end to star formation but has not yet succeeded in clearing them of all their cold gas, but in the case of NGC 1399 the feedback cycle appears to be at a more advanced stage, as the jets have hardly left any trace of cold gas.
Ultraluminous X-ray source
In 2010, Chandra X-ray Observatory found an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). The ULX's position is in one of NGC 1399's globular clusters, a very old and crowded environment. Evidence from Chandra suggests that a white dwarf star has been torn apart by an intermediate-mass black hole, but this is only a proposal, and its true nature remains a mystery. If confirmed, it would be first black hole found in this setting. A 2019 study of globular cluster ULXs in NGC 1399 has since disproven this proposal, as the source has remained X-ray bright far longer than is theoretically possible in the intermediate-mass black hole disrupting a white dwarf scenario.
Environment
NGC 1399 is the central galaxy of the Fornax Cluster, the second richest cluster within 100 megaparsecs. It is also the central galaxy of the main subgroup. Near NGC 1399 are NGC 1396, NGC 1404 and NGC 1387. There are ultracompact dwarf galaxies surrounding the galaxy, while NGC 1427A, an irregular galaxy, lies near its center.
Ultracompact dwarf galaxies were first discovered in the Fornax Cluster in 2003. Almost all of them surround NGC 1399, as it is the central galaxy of the cluster.
References
External links
Fornax Cluster
Elliptical galaxies
1399
Fornax
013418
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Raincliff is a small rural community split across the Mackenzie and Timaru Districts, New Zealand. It is located north-west of Pleasant Point and east of Fairlie. The Ōpihi River and Opuha River runs through the area. Popular camping sites include Raincliff Scout Camp, Pioneer Park, and Raincliff Youth Camp.
Raincliff offers many recreational activities such as walks and hiking, mountain biking, rock climbing, kayaking, and fishing.
Raincliff Scout Camp is a popular place where many scouts, schools, church groups, and many other groups stay and challenge themselves. The camp also has an obstacle course and flying fox. Raincliff Forest has many mountain biking tracks. Pioneer Park has walking and hiking tracks in native bush and forest.
St David's Church in Raincliff was built in 1907. The Anglican church is registered by Heritage New Zealand as a Category II heritage item.
References
Timaru District
Mackenzie District
Populated places in Canterbury, New Zealand
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Rhapsody No. 2, Sz. 89 and 90, BB 96, is the second of two virtuoso works for violin and piano, subsequently arranged with orchestra accompaniment, written by Béla Bartók. It was composed in 1928 and orchestrated in 1929. The orchestral version was revised in 1935, and the version with piano in 1945. It is dedicated to Hungarian violinist Zoltán Székely, who later became the first violinist of the Hungarian String Quartet in 1937, two years after the founding of the ensemble.
Bartók evidently composed both rhapsodies purely as a personal gesture, rather than on commission, and did so without telling anyone until they were both completed . According to Székely, he and the composer met one day in 1928 and, after chatting for a time, Bartók suddenly announced that he had a surprise for him, and produced the manuscripts of the two rhapsodies, which no one else had previously seen. "One is for you; one is for Szigeti," Bartók told him. “You may choose which one you like for the dedication.” Székely chose the Second Rhapsody .
Both of the rhapsodies exemplify a mode of composition using peasant-music sources, described by Bartók as taking an existing melody and adding an accompaniment together with some introductory or ending material, in such a way that the newly composed matter is strictly secondary—never competing with the folk material for prominence .
The Rhapsody uses the same slow–fast (lassú—friss) paired movements of the popular Hungarian verbunkos (recruiting dance) found in the earlier Rhapsody for Piano of 1904, and to which he would return in the first movement of Contrasts in 1938 . The title, 'Rhapsody', is a reference to the dramatic contrasts between the movements. Bartók specified that each of the movements can be performed separately—not only the fast second movement but also the more serious slow opening movement .
Analysis
The opening lassú section presents three themes arranged in a rondo or five-part song form: ABACA. Although mainly in D minor, the opening section emphasizes the fifth scale degree so strongly as to suggest a sort of Phrygian mode on A, and the movement closes with a cadence on A, and the instruction Fermata breve, poi attacca (pause briefly, then connect to the next movement). As in the First Rhapsody, the following friss movement is an informal chain form, here consisting of seven folk themes—six Transylvanian Gypsy fiddle dances and one Ruthenian dance (the fifth tune, Uvevanẙi) from Szeklence in Máramaros County . These seven dances are arranged into thirteen sections in various quick tempos, producing the impression of perpetual exposition. The movement begins in G, but is primarily anchored in D (with prominent use of the closely related acoustic and Lydian scales), and concludes in that key. Bartók appears to have been dissatisfied with the original ending, as published in 1929, and made as many as seven tentative alternatives, finally publishing one of them as definitive (; ).
Other features of the piece include open-interval harmonies, drones, fiery rhythms and folk melodies.
Sources
Compositions by Béla Bartók
1928 compositions
Compositions for violin and orchestra
Bartok
Chamber music by Béla Bartók
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得了甲状腺癌会死人吗？甲状腺癌是头颈部较常见的恶性肿瘤之一。主要治疗方法有手术，放疗，化疗，靶向治疗，免疫治疗和碘131治疗。甲状腺癌和前列腺癌被称为轻度癌症，因为这两种癌症是缓慢且相对容易控制的。因此，不要对甲状腺癌感到恐慌。有很多好方法可以很好地治疗这种疾病。只有病理类型相对较差，如未分化癌，髓样癌，治愈率相对较低。甲状腺癌分为四种类型，最常见的乳头状癌和滤泡癌，属于分化型甲状腺癌，预后相对较好，术后，口服激素抑制治疗，放射性碘治疗，大多数患者可获得长期生存。五年生存率约为98％甚至更长，而30年生存率则高达80％-90％。另外两种类型是髓样癌和未分化癌，其中未分化癌的预后最差，疾病可以是短期的。进一步恶化，五年内死亡率更高;髓样癌的预后也相对偏离，但在积极手术和必要的辅助治疗后，可以获得相对长的存活期。在正常情况下，甲状腺癌并未死亡。但当病情严重时，甲状腺癌也会死亡。当人体患有甲状腺癌时，要多注意饮食，尽量少用含碘量较低的食物，并补充体内的蛋白质含量。多吃肉类，鸡蛋，牛奶，豆制品等。这些食物含有丰富的蛋白质。可以增加机体的抵抗力，甲状腺癌患者应该保持良好的积极态度。心态对癌症患者至关重要。不要给病人施加压力，以免加重病情。在整个恶性肿瘤中，甲状腺癌的总体预后相对较好。甲状腺癌有四种，一种是乳头状癌，占最多。这种肿瘤的预后非常好。即使获得这种肿瘤，对于某些人来说，这是一种快乐的癌症，并且它不会影响人的生命。甲状腺乳头状癌占整个甲状腺癌的80％以上。甲状腺滤泡状癌，甲状腺髓样癌和甲状腺未分化癌，后两者占5％，尤其是髓样癌和未分化癌，最差的是未分化癌，占1％-2％。是一个非常小的百分比。该患者的预后非常差，一般预期寿命仅为半年左右，但幸运的是，这种未分化的癌症占甲状腺总癌症的不到5％，即1％-2％。甲状腺癌的预后通常是一种很好的肿瘤。许多肿瘤患者可以存活超过十年甚至二十年。
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贝特夏街道（），箍桶匠街，德国不来梅古老的狭窄巷子。由当地著名的咖啡商人路德維希·羅瑟流斯（Ludwig Roselius）委托艺术家兴建，从1923年开始用了10年时间完成。二战期间被毁，战后重建。
此街道立有二次大戰時期Fw 200飛機於1938年首次飛行來往柏林與紐約航班紀錄的紀念碑。
参考文献
德國街道
不来梅
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人工引产后多久来月经？通常，引产1个月左右就会来月经，主要是看子宫内膜恢复情况，宫腔内是否存在残留，卵巢功能恢复情况。一般在引产两周后应到医院做B超检查，看宫腔内是否有较大残留，如果残留较大，可以选择服用药物促进清洁。如果药物不清，清子宫，以免影响子宫的正常收缩。一般引产后恢复排卵最快的时间为22天，最迟需要3-6个月，平均产后恢复月经的时间约为1个月左右。确定是否来月经,首先,注意你的排放恶露引产后,从出血性恶露一般黄色浆液性,最终白色恶露,恶露干净时间大约4至6周,4至6周后阴道出血等,注意是否恢复月经,比较的数量是一致的和往常一样,甚至更多,可以考虑月经恢复。怀孕时月经周期一般不遵循正常的周期相同，或者由于子宫恢复的情况，第一次恢复月经时经多一点，月经周期稍微延长，如超过10天需要及时就医。这不是一个确定的时间，主要与术后恢复有很大关系。正常情况下，42天引产后就会月经，但也有女性在术后3个月至6个月月经时，这也是正常现象。引产后，妇女应选择药物促进子宫蜕膜组织，尽快清除充血。此外，吃更多高质量的蛋白质会帮助你更快地恢复。无论一般是早期流产，还是有妊娠中期的引产，一般一般恢复月经的时间应在一个月左右。这里一定是指引产或流产的情况很干净，能够达到的。如引产不完全，或有一定残留或血恢复时间较长，月经恢复较晚。所以没有特殊情况时，是引产后一个月左右恢复月经。但如果有其他特殊情况，一个月没有恢复正常月经，也建议及时到医院检查，除了一些其他因素。引产与流产是完全不同程度的两种手术方式，流产后月经期不会太长。引产后的月经情况与流产相比要复杂得多，引产后一般一个月左右来月经。引产后月经恢复时间平均为33.8天，最早的引产可在13天后月经恢复，最近的是术后113天，约67.4%的女性引产22天后卵巢功能恢复排卵。每个人的身体素质也不一样，如果时间稍微晚一点没有来月经是正常的。
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Hardwar Gap is a natural gap located in the Blue Mountains, on the border between Saint Andrew Parish and Portland Parish. It lies at an elevation of , and was named for Captain Hardwar, a British army captain who was supervising the construction of the road that cuts from this gap to Buff Bay.
References
Blue Mountains (Jamaica)
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幼儿骨折的处理方法？骨折是指骨结构的连续性完全或部分断裂。多见于儿童及老年人，中青年人也时有发生。病人常为—个部位骨折，少数为多发性骨折。经及时恰当处理，多数病人能恢复原来的功能，少数病人可遗留有不同程度的后遗症。骨折是指骨的完整性和连续性中断，由于外伤或内伤等原因致使骨质部分地或完全地断裂的一种疾病。骨折基本上都是意外伤害造成的，在高速发展的现代生活中意外伤害事故是经常发生的。造成骨折并不可怕，首先要端正态度，必须到正规医院接受检查，正骨复位，现在的医院医疗设备和手术还是非常先进的，一般都会正骨复位。但在治疗方面西医是没有特效药的，大都是消炎药。骨折是指由于外伤或病理等原因致使骨质部分或完全断裂的一种疾病。其主要临床表现为：骨折部有局限性疼痛和压痛，局部肿胀和出现瘀斑，肢体功能部位或完全丧失，完全性骨质尚可出现肢体畸形及异常活动。针灸主要用于闭合性骨折。骨折，病名。外伤或疾病所致之骨部分或完全折断者。又名折骨、折伤、伤折、折疡。多因外力、肌肉拉力或骨病所造成。骨折通常可分为截断、碎断或斜断。患处可有瘀血、肿痛、错位、畸形、骨声、轴心叩击痛、异常活动及功能障碍等种种表现。如因骨本身患结核、骨髓炎及骨瘤等病变，每遇轻度外力碰撞而发生骨折的称病理性骨折。在中国民间流传着很多种治疗骨折的药方，由于南北差异很大各地的配方也各有不同，好的中药配方对严重的骨折患者必须能够在一个月时间让患者下地行走，轻的患者能够全愈。在选择用药上不要只看配方里有虎骨、鹰骨、碎蛇等等奇方，首先这些药材的来源就是个问题。在中药材里接骨续筋，活血化淤的药材有很多种，主要是看配方的配伍是否和理，药材是不是质量好的药材。如果是好的接骨药治疗骨折不是难事。患者本身也要端正心态，既不能盲目就医也不能拖延，如果错过最佳治疗期造成陈旧性骨折。
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聖帕拉斯凱維教堂（）是位於保加利亞城市內塞伯爾的一座中世紀東正教教堂。聖帕拉斯凱維教堂被列入世界文化遺產。聖帕拉斯凱維教堂的修建時期至今不得而知，雖有觀點認為修建於10世紀，但大多認為修建於13至14世紀。
參考資料
保加利亞教堂
14世紀教堂
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The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), is an Act of the Parliament of India "to consolidate and amend the law relating to foreign exchange with the objective of facilitating external trade and payments and for promoting the orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India". It was passed on 29 December 1999 in parliament, replacing the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). This act makes offences related to foreign exchange civil offenses. It extends to the whole of India, replacing FERA, which had become incompatible with the pro-liberalization policies of the Government of India. It enabled a new foreign exchange management regime consistent with the emerging framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It also paved the way for the introduction of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, which came into effect from 1 July 2005.
Description
Unlike other laws where everything is permitted unless specifically prohibited, under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973 (predecessor to FEMA) everything was prohibited unless specifically permitted. Hence the tenor and tone of the Act was very drastic. It required imprisonment even for minor offences. Under FERA, a person was presumed guilty unless he proved himself innocent, whereas under other laws a person is presumed innocent unless he is proven guilty.
FEMA is a regulatory mechanism that enables the Reserve Bank of India to pass regulations and the Central Government to pass rules relating to foreign exchange in tune with the Foreign Trade policy of India.
History
Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) was legislation passed in India in 1973 that imposed strict regulations on certain kinds of payments, the dealings in foreign exchange (forex) and securities and the transactions which had an indirect impact on the foreign exchange and the import and export of currency. The bill was formulated with the aim of regulating payments and foreign exchange.
FERA came into force with effect from January 1, 1974.
FERA was introduced at a time when foreign exchange (Forex) reserves of the country were low, Forex being a scarce commodity. FERA therefore proceeded on the presumption that all foreign exchange earned by Indian residents rightfully belonged to the Government of India and had to be collected and surrendered to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). FERA primarily prohibited all transactions not permitted by RBI.
Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered the company to dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In 1993, the company (along with PepsiCo) returned after the introduction of India's Liberalization policy.
Switch from FERA
FERA did not succeed in restricting activities such as the expansion of Multinational Corporations. The concessions made to FERA in 1991-1993 showed that FERA was on the verge of becoming redundant. After the amendment of FERA in 1993, it was decided that the act would become the FEMA. This was done in order to relax the controls on foreign exchange in India. This led on to invention of beliefs among stakeholders that FEMA and FERA co-exist in present Indian scenario.
FERA was repealed in 1998 by the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and replaced by the Foreign Exchange Management Act, which liberalised foreign exchange controls and restrictions on foreign investment.
The buying and selling of foreign currency and other debt instruments by businesses, individuals and governments happens in the foreign exchange market. Apart from being very competitive, this market is also the largest and most liquid market in the world as well as in India. It constantly undergoes changes and innovations, which can either be beneficial to a country or expose them to greater risks. The management of foreign exchange market becomes necessary in order to mitigate and avoid the risks. Central banks would work towards an orderly functioning of the transactions which can also develop their foreign exchange market. Foreign Exchange Market Whether under FERA or FEMA’s control, the need for the management of foreign exchange is important. It is necessary to keep adequate amount of foreign exchange.
FEMA served to make transactions for external trade and easier – transactions involving current account for external trade no longer required RBI’s permission. The deals in Foreign Exchange were to be ‘managed’ instead of ‘regulated’. The switch to FEMA shows the change on the part of the government in terms of for the capital.
Fundamental principle
Under FEMA, the general principle is that all current account transactions are permitted unless expressly prohibited and all Capital account transactions are prohibited unless expressly permitted. (see Sections 5 and 6 of FEMA)
“Capital account transaction” means a transaction which alters the assets or liabilities, including contingent liabilities, outside India of persons resident in India or assets or liabilities in India of persons resident outside India, and includes transactions referred to in sub-section (3) of section 6;
It generally refers to Capital inflows like Equities, Grants and Debt. Inflows within the country are called as 'Foreign Direct Investment' (FDI). Capital debt is termed - External Commercial Borrowings (ECB).
Equity outflows are termed as 'Foreign outbound investment' .
Any corporate entity receiving FDI or making an outbound investment has to file an annual FEMA return called as Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA).
Current Account transaction are defined as transactions other than capital account transactions. Mainly include transactions pertaining to individual remittances, trade, student remittances etc.
Regulations/Rules under FEMA
Foreign Exchange Management (Current Account Transactions) Rule, 2000
Foreign Exchange Management (Permissible Capital Account Transactions) Regulations, 2000
Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of any Foreign Security) regulations, 2004
Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign currency accounts by a person resident in India)Regulations, 2000
Foreign Exchange Management (Acquisition and transfer of immovable property in India) regulations, 2018
Foreign Exchange Management (Establishment in India of branch or office or other place of business) regulations, 2000
Foreign Exchange Management (Manner of Receipt and Payment) Regulations, 2016
Foreign Exchange Management (Export of Goods and Services) regulations, 2015
Foreign Exchange Management (Realizations, repatriation and surrender of Foreign Exchange) regulations, 2000
Foreign Exchange Management (Possession and Retention of Foreign Currency) Regulations, 2000
Foreign Exchange ( Adjudication Procedure and Appeals) rules,
Foreign Exchange Management (Borrowing and Lending) Regulations, 2018
Foreign Exchange Management (Cross Border Merger) Regulations, 2018
Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) Regulations, 2017
Foreign Exchange Management (Remittance of Assets) Regulations, 2016
Foreign Exchange Management (Deposit) Regulations, 2016
Foreign Exchange Management (Establishment in India of a branch office or a liaison office or a project office or any other place of business) Regulations, 2016
Related legislation
Foreign Contribution (regulation) Act, 2010
FCRA, 2010 has been enacted by the Parliament to consolidate the law to regulate the acceptance and utilization of foreign contribution or foreign hospitality by certain individuals or associations or companies and to prohibit acceptance and utilization of foreign contribution or foreign hospitality for any activities detrimental to national interest and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Applicability
As per Section 1(2) of FCRA, 2010, the provisions of the act applies to:
Whole of India
Citizens of India outside India; and
Associate Branches or subsidiaries, outside India, of companies or bodies corporate, registered or incorporated in India
Acts/rules/guidelines which regulate the flow of foreign contribution to India
The flow of foreign contribution to India is regulated under
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010,
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Rules, 2011
And other notification / orders etc., issued there under from time to time.
FCRA, 1976 repealed after coming of FCRA, 2010
Amendments
The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2020
What is foreign contribution?
As per Section 2(1)(h) of FCRA, 2010, "foreign contribution" means the donation, delivery or transfer made by any foreign source, ─
(i)Of any article, not being an article given to a person* as a gift for his personal use, if the market value, in India, of such article, on the date of such gift is not more than such sum as may be specified from time to time by the Central Government by rules made by it in this behalf. (This sum has been specified as Rs. 25,000/- currently);
(ii)Of any currency, whether Indian or foreign;
(iii)Of any security as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the securities Contracts(Regulation) Act, 1956 and includes any foreign security as defined in clause (o) of Section 2 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.
Explanation 1 – A donation, delivery or transfer or any article, currency or foreign security referred to in this clause by any person who has received it form any foreign source, either directly or through one or more persons, shall also be deemed to be foreign contribution with the meaning of this clause.
Explanation 2 ‒ The interest accrued on the foreign contribution deposited in any bank referred to in sub-section (1) of Section 17 or any other income derived from the foreign contribution or interest thereon shall also be deemed to be foreign contribution within the meaning of this clause.
Explanation 3 ‒ Any amount received, by a person from any foreign source outside India, by way of fee (including fees charged by an educational institution in India from foreign student) or towards cost in lieu of goods or services rendered by such person in the ordinary course of his business, trade or commerce whether within India or outside India or any contribution received from an agent or a foreign source towards such fee or cost shall be excluded from the definition of foreign contribution within the meaning of this clause.
* In terms of FCRA, 2010 "person" includes ‒
(i) An individual;
(ii) A Hindu undivided family;
(iii) An association;
(iv) ) A company registered under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 (now Section 8 of Companies Act, 2013).
See also
Law of India
References
External links
Reserve Bank of India FEMA website
FEMA from the Finance Ministry
NRIs can now open joint accounts with resident Indian
Indian business law
Vajpayee administration
Acts of the Parliament of India 1999
Foreign trade of India
Economic history of India (1947–present)
1999 in Indian law
Financial history of India
1999 in Indian economy
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Stanchfield may refer to:
Places in the United States
Stanchfield, Minnesota, a census-designated place
Stanchfield Corner, Minnesota, an unincorporated community
Stanchfield Creek, a creek in Minnesota
Stanchfield Lake, a lake in Minnesota
Stanchfield Township, Isanti County, Minnesota
People with the surname
Daniel Stanchfield (1820–1908), American businessman, politician, and explorer
Darby Stanchfield (born 1971), American actress
John B. Stanchfield (1855–1921), American lawyer and politician
Samuel B. Stanchfield (1837–1919), American politician
Walt Stanchfield (1919-2000), American animator, teacher, and writer
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森本葵（，），日本男子田徑運動員，他於1962年在亞洲運動會獲得田徑800公尺金牌，並於1963年在夏季世界大學運動會獲得日本第一面世大運徑賽金牌。並參與了1964年夏季奧林匹克運動會。
參考資料
外部連結
三重縣運動員
中央大學校友 (日本)
日本田径运动员
日本奥运田径运动员
日本田徑代表隊選手
1964年夏季奥林匹克运动会田径运动员
1962年亚洲运动会田径运动员
1966年亞洲運動會田徑運動員
1962年亚洲运动会金牌得主
1962年亚洲运动会铜牌得主
1966年亚洲运动会铜牌得主
亞洲運動會田徑獎牌得主
日本亞洲運動會金牌得主
日本亞洲運動會銅牌得主
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麥克·李，OBE（，），英國電影與舞臺劇導演、編劇家及劇作家，2次入圍奧斯卡最佳導演獎。他曾經在英國皇家戲劇學院（Royal Academy of Dramatic Art）學習舞台劇，早期也曾在皇家莎士比亞劇團表演過。他在1960年代開始擔任舞台劇導演及劇作家，然後再1970年代開始往電視界發展。麥克·李的代表作品包括1990年的《生活是甜蜜》（Life is Sweet）、1997年的《紅粉貴族》（Career Girls）、1999年的《酣歌暢戲》（Topsy Turvy）及《折翼天使》（All or Nothing）等片。1993年他也以《赤裸》（Naked）獲得坎城影展最佳導演獎，1996年以《秘密與謊言》（Secrets & Lies）獲得坎城影展金棕櫚獎，並在2004年以《天使薇拉卓克》（Vera Drake）獲得威尼斯影展金獅獎。
生平
早期
麥克·李出生於英國蘭開夏郡沙爾福（Salford）布洛頓（Broughton），父親為沙爾福地區的醫生。麥克·李生長在一個移民英國的猶太人家庭（原先的姓氏為Lieberman，但是在麥克·李出生之前就已經英國化）。麥克·李起初在英國皇家戲劇學院進行演員訓練，不過他後來在倫敦東15演員學校（East 15 Acting School）開始學習導演技能，並在這裡認識Alison Steadman。
他在1960年獲得英國皇家戲劇學院的學位，後來進入坎伯維爾藝術暨工藝學院（Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts）及倫敦電影學校就讀。麥克·李也在1960年代早期於一些英國電影與BBC電視劇《Maigret》中演出，他在1965年開始編寫劇本，並執導首部電影。
導演生涯
麥克·李在1970年代創作9部電視作品，例如《Nuts in May》與《Abigail's Party》。他的戲劇通常具有更多諷刺性，並試圖描繪出社會中的陳腐現象。
他在1988年執導《厚望》（High Hopes），描繪一個雜亂的藍領階層的家庭，其成員生活在一棟破舊的公寓中。他後來的電影，例如《赤裸》和《天使薇拉卓克》與這部片相差較多，更加殘暴，也更專注於工人階級。然而麥克·李2008年的電影《無憂無慮》（Happy-Go-Lucky）則是一部現代的喜劇，非常明顯舉有社會現實主義和人道主義的色彩。更具體地說，一些他的電影和電視呈現普通家庭之間的人際關係，他們會隨著電影的進展面臨一些危機，並因此而改變自我。而麥克·李最新的電影《另外一年》（Another Year）也在2010年坎城影展首映，並入圍金棕櫚獎。
麥克·李獲得許多國際獎項，包括他在1993年以《 赤裸 》（Naked）獲得坎城影展最佳導演獎，1996年以《秘密與謊言》（Secrets & Lies）獲得坎城影展金棕櫚獎，並在2004年以《天使薇拉卓克》（Vera Drake）獲得威尼斯影展金獅獎。他也入圍過6次奧斯卡獎，《秘密與謊言》及《天使薇拉卓克》皆入圍奧斯卡最佳導演獎及奧斯卡最佳原創劇本獎，而《酣歌暢戲》與《無憂無慮》則入圍奧斯卡最佳原創劇本獎。
麥克·李也曾經與許多演員合作過，包括Alison Steadman、提莫·西史波（Timothy Spall）、萊絲利·曼維爾（Lesley Manville）、馬里昂·禮賢（Marion Bailey）、菲爾·戴維斯（Phil Davis）、吉姆·布洛班特（Jim Broadbent）、大衛·休里斯（David Thewlis）、莎莉·霍金斯（Sally Hawkins）、艾迪·瑪珊（Eddie Marsan）與凱特琳·卡特利吉（Katrin Cartlidge）等人。
2012年2月，他担任第62届柏林电影节主竞赛单元评审团主席。2014年编导的传记片《特纳先生》入围第67届戛纳电影节主竞赛单元。
私生活
麥克·李在1973年9月與Alison Steadman結婚，兩個兒子則分別在1979年及1981年出生。Alison Steadman曾在麥克·李執導的7部電影中演出。雖然麥克·李與Alison Steadman後來在2001年離婚。他目前則居住在大倫敦內倫敦的卡姆登區，同居人則是服裝設計師夏洛特·霍迪克（Charlotte Holdich）。
麥克·李在2009年6月於巴勒斯坦參加羅素法庭（Russell Tribunal）的活動。
作品列表
電影
參考資料
外部連結
Mike Leigh on Happy-Go-Lucky and on childhood visits at grandparents in Hitchin, ITV Local Anglia interview 2008
Mike Leigh live on Film Unlimited - The Guardian, 17 March 2000.
Extensive Mike Leigh Biography and Filmography
Interview with Leigh on Naked from 1994
A Conversation with Mike Leigh - an in-depth interview with the director
Mike Leigh: A Life in Pictures, BAFTA webcast from the Brighton Festival, May 2008
Mike Leigh interview in June 2008
韋林花園市人
蘭開夏郡作家
英國电影導演
英國劇作家
俄罗斯犹太裔英格兰人
OBE勳銜
坎城影展獲獎者
威尼斯影展獲獎者
柏林影展獲獎者
英國電影學院獎最佳導演得主
中央聖馬丁藝術與設計學院校友
柏林电影节评审团主席
男性编剧
英国电影学院奖最佳原创剧本获得者
金狮奖获奖导演
金棕榈奖获奖导演
英格兰共和主义者
倫敦電影學校校友
艾塞克斯大學校友
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训练船，又称训练舰、练习舰等，是一种用于培养人员海上勤务能力的船只。
训练船一般可以分为两类：一类系留在岸边，多系驳船或旧船改造而来，可让受训者熟悉船上环境、学习舰船器械的操作；另一类则具有航海能力，可让受训者进行实操演练。受训者在陆地上接受相关的知识和技能的学习后，往往要到训练船上进行实际的练习。
按照使用者区分，训练船又可以分为民用和军用。军用训练舰有时会被誉为“海军的摇篮”。
民用训练船
民用训练船可以为受训者提供航海体验和技能培训；在近海和远洋各海域进行航海学、技能运用（包括航海、雷达、帆缆等设备的模拟和实际操作）等实习；港湾机构和设施的参观和实习；海洋观测、渔业资源调查等科考项目。
日本作为海运大国，拥有着众多的民用训练船。海事学校不少都拥有自己的训练船，如東京海洋大學海洋工学部的训练船，海洋科学部的训练船兼研究船、等；又如東海大學的海洋调查研修船。除了学校，國土交通省管理的也拥有若干训练船，如等。
德国当今在役的民用训练船不多。部分航运公司如会在新建船只内增建训练室，用以实地训练学员。为了缓解熟练水手不足的难题，2006年，不莱梅的新建的训练船下水，可以为实习生提供舰上实操训练。
军用训练舰
类别
海岸练习舰，也叫港岸练习舰、基础训练舰，多系留在岸边或在近岸使用，是一种基础海上练习舰，吨位一般不大，主要在海军训练基地为水兵提供航海、帆缆、观瞄、通信等技能的培训，适用于专业水兵。
接受过适当训练的专业水兵们将会按照分野进入各种专业练习舰继续受训，航海练习舰负责航海技能训练（诸多国家一般选择风帆练习舰）；枪炮练习舰负责舰载枪炮的炮术训练；鱼雷练习舰负责鱼雷武器的训练。
十九世纪中期以来，蒸汽动力军舰逐渐普及，但各国海军舰艇在很长一段时间中仍保留帆索设施，因此风帆练习舰仍有其必要之处。即使到了现代，各国军舰均使用内燃机作为动力来源，风帆练习舰作为英式海军传统的一部分仍然保留了下来。风帆练习舰可以锻炼受训者的基础天文、水文和航海知识，非常适宜作为初级练习舰；风帆练习舰的桅杆高耸，在风浪中进行升降帆的操作均需要极大的勇气，可以磨练军人的意志；各种帆索操作需要多人配合，可以增进团队意识。同时风帆练习舰在和平时期可以作为外交礼仪舰出访。
综合训练舰，对海军各级专业军官进行培养、训练和考核，主要面向海军中高级军官。
陆军船艇训练舰，用于训练陆军部队进行登陆作战时的舰艇搭乘、航行、帆缆操作等内容。
英国
英国皇家海军对世界上诸多国家的海军都产生了重要的影响，英式海军训练制度正是其中一部分。1857年，英国海军首次创立专门的海军军官培养机构，将风帆战列舰改装成为系留岸边的水上学校，作为士官生的宿舍和校舍，由此成为近现代海军训练舰的起点。1863年，改装成为皇家海军学校。
英国海军当前的训练舰为驱逐舰。
清朝
清朝在建立新式海军之初，很早就开始把练习舰的事宜提上日程。1870年，船政购入一艘普鲁士的商用大帆船马得多号，改建为风帆练习舰建威号，成为中国第一艘风帆练习舰。1874年，船政水师把木壳巡洋舰扬武号改为炮术训练舰，同时兼具风帆航海训练，成为中国第一艘带机器动力的风帆练习舰。1886年，北洋水师购入一艘帆船，改名“敏捷”；另又有两艘练习舰，威远号作为枪炮练习舰，有时兼航海练习舰；康济号则成为北洋水师旗舰，兼鱼雷练习舰。中法战争后船政购买了一艘大帆船作为练习舰，改名“平远”；后平远号改作运输舰，船政另以靖远号、元凯号作练习舰。
甲午战争中遭遇惨败，全国最为精锐的北洋水师灰飞烟灭，仅残留下一艘老旧的练习舰康濟號，这也成为了战后清朝重建海军的起点。1897年2月，清政府重新组建北洋舰队，此时旗下仅有防护巡洋舰福靖，鱼雷艇飞霆、飞鹰，练习舰复济（原康济）、通濟数艘军舰。
庚子事变平定后，清政府开始筹建统一的全国海军。当时国内名义上共有4艘练习舰（通济、镜清、超武、保民），但其他三艘已经相当老旧，实际上只有通济号可堪一用。
清朝末期，清政府向各国送出了大批造舰订单，其中特别订购了三艘肇和級防護巡洋艦作为练习舰。然而未能等到三舰回国，清朝即因辛亥革命而迅速崩溃。
中华民国海军
中华民国成立后，对前朝遗留的军舰订单尽量进行争取，肇和级前两舰肇和號、應瑞號相继回国；三号舰飞鸿号因财力所限，无奈放弃。1913年6月7日，中华民国海军设立练习舰队，以林葆怿为司令，旗下编入肇和、應瑞、通濟三舰；其中肇和号和应瑞号作为高等练习舰，主要作军官轮训用，而通济为基础实习舰，作基础海军学校毕业生实习用。
随后民国陷入全国范围的军阀混战，海军也不可避免地受到影响。海军因对军阀战争用处较小，不受重视；这一时期民国海军几乎没有新建军舰，仅存的军舰也只能四处依附地方军阀，甚至练习舰也要亲自下场参加争夺地盘的战斗（如闽系海军夺取福建沿海地区的行动）。
1927年南京国民政府成立，虽内战不断，全国的局势依然渐趋稳定。1927年，中央海军练习舰队下辖应瑞、通济、靖安三舰；实力较强的东北海军，则使用鎮海號作为练习舰。实力最弱的广东海军没有专门的训练舰艇，而是用肇和号等轮流作练习舰。
1937年抗日战争爆发，民国海军各练习舰等较大型的水面舰艇在面对实力悬殊的日军时，或自沉以阻塞航道，或力战不敌沉没，在战争初期即告损失殆尽。
中国人民解放军海军
中国人民解放军海军自成立以来，长期执行“空潜快”策略，缺乏大型训练舰，而只能使用由登陆舰改建的练习舰船，基础海上技能训练大多在陆地上的训练中心进行，而综合训练舰更是空白。1986年，解放军海军第一艘专门建造的综合训练舰郑和号下水，填补了综合训练舰的需求。
1996年，国防动员舰世昌号下水，在平时可以进行海上实习训练，战时可以迅速转型为后勤支援舰。
2011年入役的大型综合保障舰徐霞客号，在解放军第一艘航母辽宁号正式服役前，为其提供人员的居住和训练服务；辽宁号服役后，转为专门的后勤保障舰。同时因其实际条件，也可以用于海外大规模撤侨的任务。
为了完善基础训练能力，解放军海军将原登陆舰吕梁山号改建为海岸练习舰，拥有基础的航海、帆缆、声呐、雷达、通信、机电、枪炮操作平台，为海军专业水兵训练提供支持。
解放军海军士官生的培训内容中曾长期欠缺风帆训练。随着与外军的交流，海军在大连建立了一座陆地风帆训练场。2006年，解放军海军大连舰艇学院成立解放军内第一个帆船队，利用小型帆船和舢板进行海上训练。2016年，解放军海军第一艘真正的风帆练习舰破浪号下水。
随着解放军海军实力的急剧扩张，解放军陆军为了配合海军的海上战略，也相应扩充陆军船艇训练舰的规模，列装了AL201型训练舰，以期提升解放军陆军的登陆作战能力。
日本
旧日本海军
日本帝国海军多使用老式的舰艇作为练习舰（举例如一等巡洋舰淺間號、二等巡洋舰高千穗等等）。《伦敦海军条约》签订后，日本海军将比叡改造为训练战列舰（）。此外在1920年代，除了平常使用的训练舰外，日本海军还会每年拨出一艘巡洋舰给练习生作短期航海实习，少则三、四天，多则半个月。
1937年左右，日本海军考虑到舰艇技术的飞速发展，继续使用二线老式军舰作为练习舰难以提供合适的培训内容，因此决定建造专门的香取級訓練巡洋艦。香取级不打算作为正规作战军舰，因此设计费用低廉。不过太平洋战争爆发以来，日军战线拉长，亟需作战舰艇，而香取级为方便教学而拥有宽敞的空间，正适合舰队指挥机构入驻，因此鹿岛、香取在战争时期分别作为第四舰队和第六舰队旗舰而使用。
战后日本
日本海上自衛隊称呼训练用舰船为“练习舰”，下辖一个練習艦隊。截至2017年，海自拥有专门建造的练习舰，以及三艘改装的。另外海自还拥有一些旧式潜艇改装的训练潜艇，如2017年变更为训练潜艇的。
除了直接在舰上培养海军官兵外，海自还装备了一类训练支援舰，用以为其他舰艇的防空演练提供靶机操作等服务。这一类舰艇因为要进行靶机收放，需要能长时间保持较低的航速。目前海自在役两艘，较新的一艘为1999年下水的。
另一方面，海上保安廳称呼这一类舰船为“练习船”。目前以巡视船兼任练习船，有、等。另外还有15吨左右的小型实习艇。
美国
美国海军同样也习惯利用现役军舰作为训练舰使用。比如海军条约时代，战列舰猶他號就改建成练习战列舰。这种做法一直延续到战后，比如巡防舰。另外辅助舰艇如船坞登陆舰等除了军事训练外，也会进行相应的防灾救援训练。
美国在二战时期还曾经使用过专门的练习航母和。战争时期，飞行员需要先在两舰上受训，以适应真正的作战航母。
德国
十九世纪后期的德意志帝国海军时期，训练舰分为几类：志愿兵训练舰，为志愿兵提供为期6个月的实操训练；炮术练习舰，为海军的炮手和炮术军官提供火炮操作的训练，以及新式舰炮的试验；鱼雷练习舰，为鱼雷操作手和相关军官提供鱼雷操作训练，以及新式鱼雷的试验；海军少尉候补生及海军学生练习舰；新兵练习舰。
威瑪國家海軍时期，用前无畏舰石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因号作为训练舰。二战后聯邦海軍时期，则有巡防艦、用作训练目的。1966年，训练巡洋舰开始在联邦海军中服役，直到1989年方告退役。此后联邦海军不再设专门的训练舰，而是由负责。
东德人民海军也有自己的一艘训练舰，于两德统一后退役。
注释
参考文献
国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション - 国立国会図書館
正文引用者为Kindle版
外部链接
Naval History and Heritage Command，包含全部美国海军舰艇介绍，可以搜索到所有曾用于训练的美国海军舰艇
船舰类型
训练船
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准分子激光（英文：Excimer laser）是一种紫外气态激光，处于激发态的惰性气体和另一种气体（惰性气体或卤素）结合的混合气体形成的分子，向其基态跃迁时发射所产生的激光，称为准分子激光。
准分子激光属于低能量激光，无热效应，是方向性强、波长纯度高、输出功率大的脉冲激光，光子能量波长范围为157－353纳米，脉冲时间为几十纳秒，属于紫外光。最常见的波长有157 nm、193 nm、248 nm、308 nm、351-353 nm。
术语
准分子是一种半衰期非常短暂的分子状态，由同种原子或者异种原子组合而成。其中一种原子的价电子层必须是全满的（比如稀有气体）。如果两种原子都处于基态，它们是不能形成化学键的。但如果价电子全满的那个原子处于激发态，它们之间就能够暂时形成化学键。尽管这种化学键的寿命往往非常短，只在纳秒的量级。准分子可以通过自发辐射或受激辐射，释放出光子回到基态，基态的分子更加不稳定，经过几个皮秒的时间，衰变成两个未成键的原子。
历史
准分子激光由Nikolai Basov, V. A. Danilychev 和 Yu. M. Popov等人于1970在莫斯科物理研究所发明。使用电子束激发氙气二聚体，产生的准分子激光波长为172nm。
1975年包括美国政府的海军研究实验室、诺思罗普研究和技术中心，Avco Everett研究实验室，和美国桑迪亚国家实验室在内的多家政府研究机构研究利用电子束激发惰性气体卤化物。
1979年西德Lambda Physik公司生产出第一台商业用准分子激光器。
迄今为止已经发现的能够产生准分子激光的气体有10多种。
常见的准分子及其波长
准分子激光的波长取决于所用的气体，一般处于紫外光波段。
应用
准分子激光首先被应用在工业上:
美国IBM公司开始使用并且改进准分子激光技术，主要应用在计算机芯片的制造以及塑料物质上蚀刻精确的图形。
1980年IBM公司应用193nm准分子激光刨光钻石。
1982年IBM将准分子激光技术应用在半导体光刻工艺中。
1986年AT&T贝尔实验室研制出第一台准分子激光分步投影光刻机。
目前准分子激光已广泛应用在临床医学以及科学研究与工业应用方面，如：钻孔、标记表面处理、激光化学气相沉积、物理气相沉积、磁头与光学镜片、硅晶圆的清洁、微机电系统相关的微制造技术等等。
准分子激光于90年代始在医学上得到运用，主要有：
眼科：使用193nm准分子激光进行LASIK手术，矫治屈光不正（近视、远视、散光）。
1983年，哥伦比亚大学的MD.Stephen Trokel以及IBM的Srinicasan首先提出用激光治疗近视的构思，并在动物角膜上开始实验。
1987年，Trokel等人将IBM公司发明用以切割晶片的准分子激光用于人眼角膜上，应用准确计量的准分子激光直接汽化角膜的部分组织，以达到改变眼角膜曲度的目的。
九十年代初，美国FDA开始准分子激光角膜表面切削术（Photorefractive keratectomy，PRK）的临床实验，开始了激光治疗近视。
1990年，Dr Pallikaris、Buratto，Galvis和Dr Ruiz结合ALK的技术与先进激光仪结合而发明了准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis，LASIK）。经过几年的临床实验效果跟踪，1995年10月FDA最终正式批准PRK手术可以治疗600度以内的近视，400度以内的散光。
1995至1999年，FDA又相继批准了1200度以内的近视、600度以内散光和600度以内远视的LASIK治疗。
1993年中華人民共和國卫生部首次批准引进的两台准分子激光治疗仪在北京同仁医院以及协和医院应用PRK技术，1995年开始应用LASIK技术。
1996年中華民國通过人体实验而正式核准使用PRK技术.
1997年意大利Rovigo医院眼科中心Massino lamellion MD发明准分子激光角膜上皮磨镶术（laser epithelial keratomileusis，LASEK）
1999年，波前引导激光手术技术（Customized LASIK）被开发；
2001年，美国开始在临床应用此项技术。
2002年10月，美国食品药品监督管理局核准了此项技术，第二年5月开始正式普及。
皮肤：使用308nm准分子激光治疗白癜风、银屑病和过敏性皮炎。
心血管:准分子激光在心血管疾病中主要用于治疗冠心病、周围血管疾病、心脏瓣膜病、先天性心脏病和肥厚性心肌病等。
直接心肌血运重建术(direct myocardial revascularization，DMR)，也称为经心肌血运重建术（transmyocardial revascularization，TMR）或激光心肌血运重建术（transmyocardial laser revascularization，TMLR），是近年来应用于心脏外科临床的新技术。
经皮直接心肌血运重建术（percutaneous direct myocardial revascularization，PDMR）是在TMR技术基础上发展起来的用于心脏内科临床的一种新型冠心病介入治疗技术，是冠心病治疗史上的一项新进展。这些都为过去常规内外科治疗不能有效的治疗的冠心病病人提供了一种新的方法。
参考资料
光学
雷射
稀有气体
医疗设备
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请描述恙虫病的预防方法？（一）消灭传染源 主要是灭鼠。应发动群众，采用各种灭鼠器与药物相结合的综合措施灭鼠。（二）切断传播途径 铲除杂草、改造环境、消灭恙螨孳生地是最根本措施。流行区野外作业时，应铲除或焚烧住地周围50米以内的杂草，然后喷洒1～2%敌敌畏，亦可用40%乐果乳剂或5%马拉硫磷乳剂配成1‰溶液以20～25ml/m2计算渍洒地面。（三）个人防护避免 在溪边草地上坐卧，在杂草灌丛上晾晒衣服。在流行区野外军事训练，生产劳动、工作活动时，应扎紧袖口、领口及裤脚口，身体外露部位涂擦5%的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（即避蚊剂），邻苯二甲酸二苯酯、苯甲酸苄酯或硫化钾溶液；以防恙螨幼虫叮咬。回营区后及时沐浴、更衣、如发现恙螨幼虫叮咬，可立即用针挑去，涂以酒精或其他消毒剂。目前尚无可供使用的有效疫苗，进入重疫区的人员，可服强力霉素0.1～0.2g或氯霉素1g,隔日1次,连用4周。
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