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Jean Mayer (19 April 1920 – 1 January 1993) was a French-American scientist best known for his research on the physiological bases of hunger and the metabolism of essential nutrients, and for his role in shaping policy on world hunger at both the national and international levels. As a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, Mayer directed a laboratory that did groundbreaking work on the hypothalamic regulation of obesity and various metabolic disorders. In 1968-69, having worked as an adviser to the World Health Organization and UNICEF, he was appointed principal organizer and chair of the first White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health. At Harvard University, he served as Master of Dudley House before leaving in 1976 to become the tenth President of Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, where he is given credit for having brought about an unprecedented rise in the university's national reputation. He died unexpectedly on January 1, 1993.
Early life and education
Mayer was born in Paris in 1920 into a distinguished French scientific family. His father, André Mayer, was a celebrated physiologist at the College de France, his mother an outstanding doctoral student in André Mayer's laboratory when they met. Jean Mayer's sister, Dr. Geneviéve Massé would become a Professor of Biostatistics at the French National Superior School of Public Health.
Mayer worked in his father's laboratory as a schoolboy, while devoting the greater part of his intellectual energies to mathematics—differential and integral calculus, analytical geometry, series and functions, and theoretical physics. He later made extensive use of mathematical models in his work on the physiology of hunger and nutrition. At age nineteen, he was admitted to the École Normale Superieure as one of only 20 science students from all of France. At the outbreak of World War II, he had earned a bachelor's degree in Philosophy (summa cum laude), a bachelor's degree in Mathematics (magna cum laude), and a master's degree in Physics and Chemistry.
World War II
With France's declaration of war on Germany in 1939, Mayer enlisted in the Ecole Normale Superieure Artillery Training Unit. In 1940, his was one of the units that provided a protective ring around the British expeditionary force on the beaches during the Dunkirk evacuation, gaining time for the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) across the English Channel. Taken prisoner by the Germans, Mayer shot a guard and managed a narrow escape, making his way to southern France. A Free French sympathizer with a high position in the Vichy government secretly supplied him with a passport and papers permitting his escape to Algeria, Morocco, Martinique and Guadalupe. He would eventually make his way to the United States, where his father, who immediately before the outbreak of war had been invited to give the Lowell Lectures at Harvard, was in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with Mayer's mother and sister. On his visit to them Mayer met Elizabeth Van Huysen, who would become his wife.
By the end of 1941, Charles de Gaulle had formed the Free French as an army and government in exile. Mayer reenlisted in the Free French Forces, at first serving as a gunnery officer on convoy duty in the North Atlantic. When one convoy was forced back by weather and U-Boat attacks into harbor at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Elizabeth Van Huysen came up to Halifax from Boston and the two were married. They had a honeymoon of less than 24 hours before the convoy sailed again. Mayer would not return to America until 1945.
In North Africa, Mayer served as commander of an artillery battery in the Colonial and Marine First Free French Division that accompanied the British Eighth Army at the second battle of El Alamein, following its victory there with a long advance into Libya and Tunisia. With the Tunisian campaign completed, he was detached to the staff of the War Ministry in Algeria, received training in ship-to-shore attacks and landings, and landed with the First Free French Division—by then part of the U.S. Fifth Army—south of Naples.
Mayer had been awarded the Croix de Guerre for his escape from German captivity. At the Battle of Monte Cassino in the Italian campaign, he would be awarded another for risking his life as forward observer of the heavy (155mm howitzer) battalion. After the D-Day landings, he would land in the south of France to command a Free French infantry regiment—made up largely of boys too young to have been drafted for forced labor in Germany and older men who had served in World War I—in the Colmar pocket, managing to hold the line along the Vosges against attack by the elite Hermann Goering SS Division. He would emerge from this campaign with two palms to his Croix de Guerre, the Resistance Medal, and the Legion of Honor, and from the war with 14 decorations in all.
Scientific research
At war's end, Mayer joined his wife in the United States and received a small grant from the Rockefeller Foundation for graduate work in physiological chemistry. He elected to attend Yale, which had a leading faculty—among them C.N.H. Long, Abraham White, John Fulton, Donald Barron and Desmond Bonnycastle—in his area of interest. Mayer would later recall that, as a military veteran and son of a distinguished French physiologist, he was accepted by the faculty as a junior colleague, being made a member of the Faculty Club and put in charge of the biochemistry laboratory where medical students performed practical exercises. The salary of eighteen hundred dollars turned out to be crucial to his household income when his first son, André, the first of five Mayer children, was born in 1946.
Having earned a Ph.D. in Physiological Chemistry at Yale in 1948 and a Doctor of Science degree in Physiology at the Sorbonne in 1950, Mayer accepted the offer of a Professorship from the Harvard School of Public Health in 1950. He would direct a laboratory in the School of Nutrition there until 1976. Its breakthrough in discovering the physiological bases of hunger and food metabolism would occur when Mayer and one of his graduate students, Norman Marshall, discovered that the body's hunger mechanisms were controlled by the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to glucose under varying conditions. (In technical terms, their discovery was that gold thioglucose, which was known to cause obesity in mice, did so because the gold caused destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus. Experiments then showed that other substances containing gold components—gold thiomalate, gold thiogalactose, gold thioglycero, etc.—did not have the same effect, suggesting that it was the special affinity of this portion of the hypothalamus for glucose that led first to destruction by the heavy metal and then, as a direct consequence, to obesity due to a failure of appetite regulation.) This basic insight would lead, after many more years of research and experimentation, to Mayer's greatest contribution: the so-called glucostatic theory of the regulation of food intake.
Public service
Mayer's growing reputation as a researcher who was translating the somewhat vague field of nutrition into terms of hard or basic science would lead to numerous invitations to play a role in public policy on matters of nutrition and hunger. During his Harvard years, he would serve as a consultant to the World Health Organization and UNICEF, as the head of a United Nations Task Force on Child Nutrition, as Chair of the U.S. National Council on Hunger and Malnutrition in the U.S.(1968–69)—the now-familiar Food Stamps program would emerge from the Council's findings—Chairman of the First White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health (1969–70), and adviser to many foundations, community action organizations, and scientific societies. He would also become a public voice on "popular" health and nutrition issues, writing a syndicated column that appeared twice weekly in 100 of the largest newspapers in the United States, with a combined circulation of 35 million readers.
A developing interest in higher education, both at the level of institutional policy and of undergraduate and graduate education, led in 1973 to Mayer's accepting an appointment as Master of Dudley House, one of thirteen undergraduate houses built as Harvard's counterparts of the Oxford and Cambridge colleges. In an earlier period, Dudley House had served the needs of Harvard's commuter students. In the wake of the widespread cultural upheaval of the 1960s, it had expanded to become a center of undergraduate life at Harvard, embracing the Dudley Coop—an undergraduate cooperative house or commune—a resident population of undergraduates in Apley Court and Claverly Hall, and a substantial number of students who had chosen to live off campus in Cambridge and environs after a one or two years' experience of dormitory life.
Mayer is remembered as having brought with him a sense of energy and excitement, playing a leading role in the development of internal "house courses," with classes for Dudley students taught by faculty members of its Senior Common Room, bringing in personal friends such as Daniel Patrick Moynihan and George McGovern as after-dinner speakers at House dinners, and adding faculty from Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health to a Senior Common Room already containing as longtime members such Arts and Sciences faculty as philosopher Nelson Goodman, sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset, physicist Robert Pound, ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes, legal scholar Roger Fisher, and topologist Arthur Lee Loeb, who would later succeed John Mayer as Master of Dudley. The House became during Mayer's mastership — remembered for the outstanding Dudley symposium series, folk and jazz concerts, readings by such poets and authors as Anne Sexton and John Updike, a pioneering Film Society whose showings of rare and classic films drew students from across campus, dance recitals and small-cast theatrical productions — a vital center of undergraduate life.
Tufts presidency
In 1976, Mayer became the tenth president of Tufts University. Few present at his installation ceremony on July 1, 1976, wrote a Harvard friend and colleague who would ultimately join him at Tufts, realized that "on that day Tufts University ceased to be a sleepy little school with a good undergraduate program and some very good graduate schools and started to become a first-rate university with an international reputation."
Mayer's years at Tufts would become legendary. At a school that had suffered from chronic financial deficits and had virtually no endowment, he launched a fund-raising campaign that raised $100 million, followed immediately by a campaign that raised $200 million. Given a faculty that had been lenient in granting tenure, he insisted on distinction in both teaching and research as criteria for promotion and tenure, personally reading tenure files on every case that came up in the university during his presidency.
Mayer arrived at Tufts after a long decline in applications, at a point when admissions had essentially become non-selective. As news of his presidency spread, applications increased. In his third year in office, 400 students more than the number predicted by the admissions office accepted Tufts' offer of admission, creating a shortage of dormitory rooms. Mayer's solution was to rent a hotel in Harvard Square for four years and run a connecting bus service, explaining to students and parents that this was the best of all possible worlds: a Tufts education and living in Harvard Square.) "As the competition to get into Tufts increased, the quality of the students soared. The percentage of incoming freshmen in the top 10% of their high school class rose from 38% in 1976 to 74% in 1992." The momentum would continue past the period of Mayer's presidency. For the class of 2020, Tufts accepted 2,889 or 14.3% of 20,223 applicants an all-time low. For the matriculating class of 2016, 91% of incoming freshmen ranked in the top 10% of their high school class.
While insisting on maintaining the highest quality of undergraduate education, Mayer transformed Tufts into a major research university with, especially, graduate programs and research units in the basic sciences. During his presidency, he would create the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, the Tufts Center for Environmental Management, and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, while increasing Tufts' international presence with the Tufts European Studies Center in Talloires, France, housed in the Priory of an 11th-century Benedictine monastery. He would also oversee the creation of the School of Veterinary Medicine on a separate campus in Grafton, Massachusetts, and would create new interconnections between the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts Medical School, and the undergraduate college.
After Mayer's death in 1993, a long-time faculty member and Tufts Provost would judge his presidency to have been a time of revolutionary change:
He arrived at Tufts in a time of uncertainty for the university, when the faculty felt shaken by the events of the 1970s that had left us weakened, vulnerable, and lacking in the confidence to move forward. There was a sense of paralysis, as we watched ourselves slip into a kind of frumpy mediocrity, without the resources or the will to pull ourselves forward. The 1973 self-study document A Changing University in a Changing Time had said it all: The next five years will be tough, but the ten years after that will be worse. This was a feeling shared by everyone in the Tufts community. Then came Jean Mayer. ... He represented a style of American college and university presidents who were becoming increasingly rare: the genuine academic leader, in charge of the intellectual enterprise from start to finish. He was president of only one institution, for which he was one of a kind.
Controversy
In 1965 Mayer stated that low carb diets were tantamount to mass murder.
Death
Mayer died at age 72 on January 1, 1993, of a heart attack while vacationing in Sarasota, Florida.
References
External links
"Jean Mayer, 72, Nutritionist Who Led Tufts, Dies", The New York Times
Jean Mayer Papers, 1953-1975 (inclusive), 1965-1973 (bulk). H MS c354. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
1920 births
1993 deaths
American nutritionists
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health faculty
Presidents of Tufts University
University of Paris alumni
Yale University alumni
Scientists from Paris
French emigrants to the United States
French Army personnel of World War II
French Army officers
French prisoners of war in World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
French escapees
Escapees from German detention
Free French military personnel of World War II
Free French Naval Forces officers
20th-century American academics |
毛囊炎脸上起痘怎么办？毛囊炎主要指的是毛囊内部受到细菌感染或者细菌增殖以后，形成的红色丘疹。这种症状比较典型，可能会在红色丘疹表面见到一个白色的脓头，绝大多数用手按压，会伴随明显的疼痛，整个皮损是突起于表面的，可单独存在，也可广泛存在，好发于额头、颜面、前胸、后背及头皮部位。因为这些部位毛囊内部的皮脂腺分泌比较旺盛，所以皮脂腺会导致毛囊阻塞，为真菌的增殖提供了必要的生存条件。毛囊炎导致脸上起痘，想要治疗，首先需要判断痘痘是否发生明显的炎症反应。如果炎症不明显，可以外涂消炎药即可。如果伴有明显的炎症反应，产生红肿，需要外涂消肿的药。同时需要口服一些抗生素，也可以口服一些中成药，在药物治疗的同时，需要保持面部的清洁卫生，尽量防止继发性感染。得了毛囊炎在日常生活中要注意以下几点，否则对疾病恢复不利。具体如下：1、作息规律：不规律的作息时间和作息习惯会对毛囊炎的治疗造成不良影响，因此在患者患病期间，一定注意按时作息，养成良好的作息习惯；2、禁止搔抓：对于毛囊炎患者来讲，抓挠是引起毛囊炎继发性感染的主要原因之一，因此要注意禁止搔抓。如果晚上睡觉不由自主搔抓，在入睡前可戴手套；3、注意饮食：毛囊炎患者切记禁止食用辛辣、油腻刺激性食物，禁止喝酒。对于可引起上火的瓜子、巧克力等食物不宜食用，可以多食用新鲜水果和蔬菜，增加维生素的摄入，疏通肠胃，加速毒素排出。另外，可以适当饮用苦瓜汁、菊花茶、绿豆汤等清热降火。 |
妇女衣原体感染好治吗？衣原体感染在女性中不易治疗，感染本身容易感染、治愈和容易发作。衣原体是介于细菌和病毒之间的一种微生物。可引起男女泌尿生殖系的感染，尤其是女性生殖系统的感染。由于检查技术的进步，已发现许多过去原因不明的炎性疾病与衣原体感染有关，如宫颈炎、子宫内膜炎等。一、衣原体感染的几种疗法1.物理疗法迅速缓解症状、控制炎症发展。这种物理疗法是运用CDYD低频震动电磁治疗仪、红外光谱治疗仪、GB_BTPC臭氧妇科治疗仪、光治疗仪等各种物理疗法，可以迅速缓解症状、控制炎症发展。2.西医疗法针对致病体进行药物抗炎治疗，在生物技术的配合下，针对支原体等进行准确深入的药物灭杀，根除病原体。3.中医疗法恢复阴道菌群平衡。过中药调理，可以巩固疗效，恢复阴道内的菌群平衡，消除致病体的生存环境，防止复发。二、生殖道衣原体感染的治疗原则是：①早期诊断、早期治疗;②及时、足量、规则治疗;③不同病情采用不同的治疗方案;三、孕妇衣原体感染怎么办衣原体感染是常见的生殖感染疾病，降低人体抵抗力，影响正常的生活和工作。如果孕妇感染衣原体病毒，危及的将是两个人的健康。那么，孕妇衣原体感染怎么办?首先，要正确认识衣原体，衣原体感染并不一定就是性病：衣原体是引起非淋菌性尿道炎和盆腔炎的主要凶手，平时可诱发不孕症，孕期则危害母婴。对母婴的危害性：孕期，阴道内的衣原体可进入宫腔，引起绒毛膜炎，导致胎膜早破，导致早产。分娩后阴道内衣原体更容易进入子宫腔，引起子宫内膜炎和输卵管炎，表现为恶露不洁、气味难闻、下腹疼痛和低烧。 |
西區（，代號A2）是香港中西區區議會下轄的選區，2023年設立，定為雙議席選區。
範圍
現時選區包括西營盤、石塘咀、堅尼地城及摩星嶺、沿威利麻街、皇后大道西、東邊街及高街以西，南至般咸道、薄扶林道，與其接壤的選區有中區以及南區區議會的南區西北選區。
沿革
在2023年香港選舉改革後，區議會所有單議席選區取消，中西區定為兩個雙議席選區，共選出四席民選議員。西區選區由原有單議席的堅摩、西環、寶翠、石塘咀、西營盤、正街、水街選區合併而成。
2023年區議會選舉，估算人口有125,233人。
資料來源與註釋
中西區區議會選區
西環
西營盤
石塘咀
堅尼地城
摩星嶺
2023年建立的選區
2023年香港建立 |
The 2015 Ukrainian Cup Final is a football match that will be played on 4 June 2015 in Kyiv. The match is the 24th Ukrainian Cup Final and is contested by Cup holders Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk, making it part of the National Classic football game.
Road to Kyiv
All 14 Ukrainian Premier League clubs do not have to go qualify to enter the competition; Dynamo and Shakhtar therefore both qualified automatically.
Previous encounters
This will be the eighth Ukrainian Cup Final between the two teams and repeat of last years Cup Final. Dynamo has defeated Shakhtar five times out of the seven Cup Finals.
Dynamo had appeared in 13 Cup Finals winning 10 trophies and opponents Shakhtar had appeared in 14 Cup Finals winning 9.
Match
Details
See also
2014–15 Ukrainian Premier League
References
Cup Final
Ukrainian Cup finals
Ukrainian Cup Final 2015
Ukrainian Cup Final 2015
Ukrainian Cup Final 2015
Ukrainian Cup Final 2015
June 2015 sports events in Ukraine |
瞿式耜（耜，音sì/ㄙˋ，），字起田，又字伯略，号稼轩。直隸常熟縣（今江蘇省常熟市）人，明末政治人物、诗人。
生平
瞿式耜拜钱谦益为师，萬曆四十三年（1615年）舉人，萬曆四十四年（1616年）中進士，任吉安府永豐縣知縣，有德政。
崇禎朝時官至戶科給事中，崇祯五年（1632年）因事革職。崇祯十年（1637年）被捕入狱。瞿式耜妻妾眾多，迷信占卜、堪舆，一說为天主教徒。
晚年参加抗清活动，拥立桂王朱由榔，桂王以式耜為內閣大學士兼吏部右侍郎攝尚書事；驻守桂林，三次击退清军进攻。永曆四年（1650年），城破被捕，囚于桂林疊彩山临时监狱，作《浩气吟》。42天後，於闰十一月十七日（1651年1月8日）與张同敞在桂林疊彩山風洞前仙鶴嶺下就義，有绝命诗：
身後
瞿式耜殉國之後，永曆帝追贈粵國公，諡文忠。乾隆四十一年（1776年），追谥忠宣。《明史》有傳。
清順治十一年（1654年），其孫瞿昌文護柩回常熟，安葬於常熟寶岩祖基。康熙十八年（1679年），迁葬于虞山拂水岩牛窝潭。其墓至今尚存，现为江苏省文物保护单位。
家族
祖父瞿景淳，官至礼部左侍郎，父瞿汝說，曾任工部营膳司官员、湖南学政。母施氏，封恭人。
軼事
永曆六年（1652年）西寧王李定國圍攻桂林時，曾有城裡的居民看到已經死去的瞿式耜、張同敞兩人充當大軍的前導，並騎著馬同時進入孔有德的府邸，不久，孔有德便自焚而死。
著作
著有《瞿忠宣公集》、《媿林漫錄》等。
延伸阅读
参考文献
引用
书目
瞿果行：《瞿式耜年谱》
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常熟海虞瞿氏
S
明朝永豐縣知縣
明朝江陵縣知縣
明朝給事中
明朝兵部尚書
南明吏部尚書
明朝大學士
南明内阁首辅
明朝诗人
諡文忠
諡忠宣 |
林披（），字茂则。莆田县人。唐朝官员。
先世為莆田尊贤里北螺村（在福平山之南）人。林万宠之次子，林披自小读书过目成诵。天宝十一年（752年），登明经科，任将乐令，歷官漳州刺史、澧州（今湖南澧县）司马、康州刺史。因得罪權貴，貶临汀郡曹掾、临汀县令。後升临汀郡别驾，知州事。御史大夫栖筠荐授检校太子詹事兼苏州别驾。不久歸里，家居四十年。贞元十八年（802年），卒，葬乌石（今西天尾镇龙山乌石）后垄之原。林披在中國民間信仰中被奉為林府千歲。
林披的九個兒子都是刺史：林苇、林藻、林著、林荐、林晔、林蕴、林蒙、林迈、林蔇，世称“九牧林家”。宝历元年（825年），以子林蕴恩，赠睦州刺史。
林八及，唐九牧六房林蘊的玄孫。唐末，為避朱溫叛亂，林八及從彭城渡海至新羅國江華灣登岸，擇平澤縣棲身。後來支派繁衍，發展至今120多萬人。
林召棠，九牧葦公(唐九牧長房林葦)後裔，清道光三年（1823年）癸末科狀元。
台灣民間崇信的天上聖母林默，就是林披的遠系子孫。
注釋
唐朝進士
唐朝县令
唐朝漳州刺史
唐朝州司马
唐朝康州刺史
唐朝别驾
检校
赠
莆田人
P |
樫出 勇（，），陸軍軍人、战斗机驾驶员、飛行王牌，最終军衔是陸軍大尉。他宣稱在二次世界大戰中擊落26架B-29超級堡壘轟炸機，其中7架日後確認由其擊落。
參考資料
大日本帝国陆军飞行员
诺门罕战役人物
新潟縣出身人物 |
阴道出血鉴别诊断？1、新生儿阴道出血：女性胎儿在胎盘大量雌激素的影响下子宫及卵巢均受到一定影响，表现为卵巢有部分发育的卵泡和闭锁卵泡，子宫内膜出现增生少数女婴于出生后，由于母体供应的雌激素中断，子宫内膜即发生激素撤退性脱落而出现类似月经样阴道出血，数天后自行消失，不必处理2、与避孕药物有关的出血：应用避孕药物时出现阴道出血，又称突破性出血，大多数发生在漏服药后；少数未漏服者出现阴道出血则与激素量不足有关；如出血发生在月经前半期。往往是雌激素不足，引起子宫内膜坏死剥脱出血；如出血发生在后半期，则为孕激素不足引起。应用避孕药引起的出血多为不规则点滴出血或经量增多经期延长。3、功能失调性子宫出血：多发生于青春期及更年期经期长短不一，血量多少不定，多者可几倍于月经量甚至发生休克少者淋漓不断。因此两期卵巢功能不稳定，多属无排卵性出血患者常先有一段时间的闭经，然后发生子宫出血。有时开始为月经过多或经期延长而后转为不规则或持续性子宫出血。有时流血可历时十数日或更长，检查盆腔无病变基础体温呈单相；内膜活检为增生期子宫内膜或增生过长，即可确诊。中年妇女经期延长经血量增多、月经周期尚有一定规律性，应考虑有排卵性子宫出血基础体温呈不典型之双相；内膜活检呈分泌不良反应，可诊断为黄体不健全所致的子宫出血；若经期第五天诊刮内膜活检仍呈分泌期反应，则确诊黄体萎缩不全所致的子宫出血4、月经间期出血：多发生在月经周期的12~16 d历时 1~2 h或 1~2 d，量少，极少数达到月经量其原因多为卵泡破裂，雌激素水平暂时下降所致。有时伴有轻微腹痛只要仔细查清出血规律，又无其他原因，诊断多无困难5、绝经后子宫出血：近年来由于使用雌。孕激素日渐增多，使子宫出血率有所增加此外，有部分患者，绝经后卵巢分泌雌激素量虽减少但肾上腺分泌少量雌激素，逐渐积蓄后，可引起子宫内膜增生而致子宫出血 |
肠道病毒71型感染的护理是什么？EV 71 感染已引起人们越来越多的关注，对于EV 71 的病原学、流行病学、分子生物学和临床表现等方面的深入研究，将对EV 71 的防控及治疗起到极其重要的作用。此病全年都可发生，以4-9月见。 5岁以下儿童多见，尤其是婴幼儿。通常不严重，感染病例中约80%为手足口病，多数病例经对症处理后，可在7—1 0天内康复。 |
Fahad Abdalla Ahmad Al Kassar Banihammad (Arabic: فهد عبد الله احمد الكسار بني حماد; born 1973) is an Emirati football referee who has been a full international referee for FIFA.
Al-Kassar became a FIFA referee in 2011 and also refereed at the regional league, such as the 2011 SEA Games.
References
1973 births
Living people
Emirati football referees |
A dark fibre or unlit fibre is an unused optical fibre, available for use in fibre-optic communication. Dark fibre may be leased from a network service provider.
Dark fibre originally referred to the potential network capacity of telecommunication infrastructure. Because the marginal cost of installing additional fibre optic cables is very low once a trench has been dug or conduit laid, a great excess of fibre was installed in the US during the telecom boom of the late 1990s and early 2000s. This excess capacity was later referred to as dark fibre following the dot-com crash of the early 2000s that briefly reduced demand for high-speed data transmission.
These unused fibre optic cables later created a new market for unique private services that could not be accommodated on lit fibre cables (i.e., cables used in traditional long-distance communication).
Motivations
Much of the cost of installing cables is in the civil engineering work required. This includes planning and routing, obtaining permissions, creating ducts and channels for the cables, and finally installation and connection. This work usually accounts for most of the cost of developing fibre networks. For example, in Amsterdam's citywide installation of a fibre network, roughly 80% of the costs involved were labour, with only 10% being fibre. It therefore makes sense to plan for, and install, significantly more fibre than is needed for current demand, to provide for future expansion and provide for network redundancy in case any of the cables fail. Many fibre-optic cable owners such as railroads and power utilities have always included additional fibres with the intention to lease these to other carriers.
During the dot-com bubble, a large number of telephone companies built optical-fibre networks, each with the business plan of cornering the market in telecommunications by providing a network with sufficient capacity to take all existing and forecast traffic for the entire region served. This was based on the assumption that telecoms traffic, particularly data traffic, would continue to grow exponentially for the foreseeable future. The advent of wavelength-division multiplexing reduced the demand for fibre by increasing the capacity of a single fibre by a factor of as much as 100. According to Gerry Butters, the former head of Lucent's Optical Networking Group at Bell Labs, the amount of data that could be carried by an optical fibre was doubling every nine months at the time. This progress in the ability to carry data over fibre reduced the need for more fibres. As a result, the wholesale price for data communications collapsed and a number of these companies filed for bankruptcy protection. Global Crossing and Worldcom are two high-profile examples in the United States.
Similar to the Railway Mania, the misfortune of one market sector became the good fortune of another, and this overcapacity created a new telecommunications sector.
Market
For many years incumbent local exchange carriers would not sell dark fibre to end users, because they believed selling access to this core asset would cannibalize their other, more lucrative services. Incumbent carriers in the United States were required to sell dark fibre to competitive local exchange carriers as unbundled network elements (UNE), but they have successfully lobbied to reduce these provisions for existing fibre, and eliminated it completely for new fibre placed for fibre to the premises (FTTP) deployments.
Fibre swaps between competitive carriers are quite common. This increases the reach of their networks in places where their competitor has a presence, in exchange for the provision of fibre capacity in places where that competitor has no presence. This is a practice known in the industry as "coopetition".
Meanwhile, other companies arose specializing as dark fibre providers. Dark fibre became more available when there was enormous overcapacity after the telecoms boom years of the late 1990s through 2001. The market for dark fibre tightened up with the return of capital investment to light up existing fibre, and with mergers and acquisitions resulting in a consolidation of dark fibre providers.
Networks
Dark fibre can be used to create a privately operated optical fibre network that is run directly by its operator over dark fibre leased or purchased from another supplier. This is opposed to purchasing bandwidth or leased line capacity on an existing network. Dark fibre networks may be used for private networking, or as Internet access or Internet infrastructure networking.
Dark fibre networks may be point-to-point, or use star, self-healing ring, or mesh topologies.
Because both ends of the link are controlled by the same organization, dark fibre networks can operate using the latest optical protocols using wavelength division multiplexing to add capacity where needed, and to provide an upgrade path between technologies. Many dark fibre metropolitan area networks use cheap Gigabit Ethernet equipment over CWDM, rather than expensive SONET ring systems.
They offer very high price-performance for network users who require high performance, such as Google, which has dark network capacities for video and search data, or wish to operate their own network for security or other commercial reasons.
However, dark fibre networks are generally only available in high-population-density areas where fibre has already been laid, as the civil engineering costs of installing fibre to new locations is often prohibitive. For these reasons, dark fibre networks are typically run between data centres and other places with existing fibre infrastructure.
Variations
Managed dark fibre is a form of wavelength-division multiplexed access to otherwise dark fibre where a pilot signal is beamed into the fibre by the fibre provider for management purposes using a transponder tuned to an assigned wavelength.
Virtual dark fibre using wavelength multiplexing allows a service provider to offer individual wavelengths. Other wavelengths on the same fibre are leased to other customers or used for other purposes. This is typically done using coarse wavelength division multiplexing CWDM because the wider 20 nm spacing of the wavebands makes these systems much less susceptible to interference.
See also
Fiber-optic communication
Indefeasible rights of use
Submarine communications cable
References
Fiber-optic communications |
里塞-拉森山是南極洲的山峰，屬於圖拉山脈的一部分，處於阿蒙森灣東部，海拔高度870米，該山峰在1956年10月28日被澳大利亞探險隊首次踏足，以挪威極地探險家命名。
南極洲山峰 |
António José dos Santos Folha (born 21 May 1971) is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played mostly as a winger, currently manager of FC Porto B.
He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 227 matches and 22 goals over 12 seasons, mainly in representation of Porto. He also appeared in the competition with Gil Vicente and Braga, and was part of the Portugal squad at Euro 1996.
Folha worked as a manager after retiring, starting out at Porto B before joining Portimonense in 2018.
Club career
Folha was born in Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto District. In his career he played mostly for FC Porto, with loan stints in Portugal, Belgium and Greece, being often used as a substitute by his main club where he won a total of 18 major titles (including seven Primeira Liga trophies and five Taça de Portugal). From 1994 to 1996, he had his best years with the team, contributing ten goals in 58 games as they won back-to-back national championships.
At the end of the 2002–03 season, aged 32, Folha was finally released by Porto and joined F.C. Penafiel of the Segunda Liga, helping to a return to the top flight in his first year. He retired from football in 2005, and joined his last team's coaching staff immediately afterwards, also serving a two-season stint as assistant manager, one in each of the major levels.
Folha returned to Porto once again in 2008, being named assistant with the junior side and remaining in the position for several seasons. Later, he coached the reserves.
In June 2018, Folha replaced the departed Vítor Oliveira at the helm of top-division club Portimonense SC. He finished 12th in his first season on the Algarve, and resigned on 18 January 2020 when second from bottom having lost to last-placed C.D. Aves.
Folha returned to Porto B on 2 February 2021, taking over from Rui Barros – who had succeeded him – at the last-placed side in the second tier. He secured their survival in the last matchday.
International career
Folha earned 26 caps for Portugal over a three-year period, and was selected for the UEFA Euro 1996 tournament, appearing in three matches in an eventual quarter-final exit and assisting Ricardo Sá Pinto in the 1–1 group stage draw against Denmark.
Previously, he helped the under-20 team to win the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship in Saudi Arabia.
Personal life
Folha's son, Bernardo, is also a footballer. A midfielder, he was also developed at Porto, being coached at the reserve team by his father.
Career statistics
Club
International goals
Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Folha goal.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Porto
Primeira Divisão: 1991–92, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99
Taça de Portugal: 1993–94, 1997–98, 1999–00, 2000–01
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998
AEK Athens
Greek Football Cup: 2001–02
Portugal U20
FIFA World Youth Championship: 1989
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Vila Nova de Gaia
Men's association football wingers
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
FC Porto players
Gil Vicente F.C. players
S.C. Braga players
F.C. Penafiel players
Belgian Pro League players
Standard Liège players
Super League Greece players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Portugal men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 1996 players
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Portuguese football managers
Primeira Liga managers
Liga Portugal 2 managers
FC Porto B managers
Portimonense S.C. managers
FC Porto non-playing staff |
吃多了胃胀疼怎么办？吃多了胃胀疼，可能与胃蠕动减慢等因素有较大的关系，可能是由于吃不消化的食物导致的，这应该应用促进胃蠕动的药物治疗，平时应该吃容易消化的药物，避免暴饮暴食。平时要注意少食多餐，定时定量，观察一段时间看看，如果经常出现这种情况，就需要去医院就诊，做胃镜等相关检查，排除慢性胃炎或胃溃疡的可能。个因素致胃胀气1吃多了人一旦吃多了，就会超出了胃肠道的蠕动能力，导致食物在胃肠道内停留时间过长，经细菌作用产生大量气体。2狼吞虎咽狼吞虎咽容易导致食物没有被彻底嚼碎，需要经过胃肠道研磨让食物易于消化吸收，同样会导致食物在体内时间过长，产生气体。3吃了产气食物萝卜、红薯，以及一些富含果糖的水果都容易产生大量的气体，最终造成胃胀气。4肠道疾病大约有25%的胃炎、胃溃疡患者会出现胀气问题。因为肠胃炎可能会导致更多的细菌进入小肠，细菌分解食物，产生更多的气体。5缺乏运动久坐、久卧，会让胃肠道变懒，肠道内产生的气体难以排出，出现腹胀、没胃口等症状。6肠道受凉肠道受凉会引起胃胀、有饱腹感，并可能出现打嗝、口臭、口苦、嗳气等问题。山楂可消肉食积滞，因为山楂中含山楂酸等多种有机酸，并含解脂酶，入胃后能增强酶的作用，促进肉食消化，有助于胆固醇转化。西红柿助消化脂肪，西红柿中含有一种特殊成分番茄素，有助于消化、利尿，能协助胃液消化脂肪。猕猴桃能清除体内垃圾，含有较多膳食纤维和蛋白质分解酵素，可快速清除体内堆积的有害代谢产物。 |
Tiszaszentimre is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of and has a population of 2095 people (2015).
References
External links
Official site in Hungarian
Tiszaszentimre |
Hernán Tifner (born 20 September 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Huracán Las Heras.
Career
Tifner had a youth spell with Estudiantes, prior to joining Gimnasia y Esgrima in 2018. His debut in professional league football arrived on 11 August during the club's 2018–19 opener against Argentinos Juniors - he had previously appeared in Copa Argentina fixtures with Sportivo Belgrano on 21 July and Olimpo on 29 July. In July 2019, Tifner departed on loan to Huracán Las Heras of Torneo Federal A. His first match arrived on 1 September against Juventud Unida Universitario, which preceded a further nineteen appearances in all competitions across 2019–20. He returned to Gimnasia in June 2020.
Tifner terminated his contract with Gimnasia in late August 2020, subsequently joining up with former manager Darío Ortiz at Mitre.
Personal life
In February 2019, Tifner was suspended from the professional squad of Gimnasia y Esgrima by manager Pedro Troglio after a complaint of gender violence was made against the player by an ex-girlfriend. He was reintegrated back into the club in the succeeding April. An agreement between him and his former partner was later reached, with Tifner referring to the original incident as "a mistake".
Career statistics
.
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Footballers from Córdoba, Argentina
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine people of German descent
Men's association football midfielders
Argentine Primera División players
Torneo Federal A players
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
Club Atlético Mitre footballers |
梅氏凤仙花（学名：）为凤仙花科凤仙花属下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
M |
The Mercedes () was a radical early car model designed in 1901 by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler, for Emil Jellinek. Produced in Stuttgart, Germany, by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), it began the Mercedes line of cars (since 1926 re-branded Mercedes-Benz). Its name is derived from the power of the engine, , approximately .
A significant advancement over the previous generation of automobiles, which were modified stagecoaches, the Mercedes is regarded as the first modern car. It was equipped with a powerful petrol engine, it was both wider and larger with a tailored steel chassis, and its center of mass was near the ground. Originally designed as a racing car, the Mercedes was further developed for normal road use.
Historical background
In the 19th century, Wilhelm Maybach's career as an industrial designer had been with Gottlieb Daimler in their Cannstatt workshop (near Stuttgart), at which together they had pioneered the petrol engine production and were responsible for designing and making some of the world's first automobiles. By 1900, Maybach was the Chief Engineer within the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG), which had been an expansion of their previous company that originated from their small workshop. He never got along with the new capitalist board, and later left to join Ferdinand von Zeppelin. In 1900, Gottlieb Daimler died and his son Paul Daimler had taken his place beside Maybach.
Origin of the name "Mercedes"
Emil Jellinek was a wealthy Austrian businessman and Austro-Hungarian diplomat living in Nice on the French Riviera. His daughter Adriana Manuela Ramona Jellinek, 10 years old at the car's construction, was given the pet name "Mercédès". Jellinek used to name his possessions after her, such as his mansions, the automobiles he sold, his racing car team, etc.. He himself was often known as Monsieur Mercedes.
As an avid fan of the DMG brand, Jellinek had signed up two DMG-Phoenix cars for competing in the Nice-La Turbie race on 30 March 1900, introducing the Mercedes name for both his racing team and its cars. A tragedy ensued when Wilhelm Bauer, the chief mechanic of DMG, raced one of the cars and was killed after the first curve of the race. Consequently, DMG canceled all further involvement in motorsport.
Nonetheless, Jellinek persuaded DMG to design a new model for competing again. He insisted that the powerful engine should be developed by both Maybach and Paul Daimler and be named Daimler-Mercedes, after his daughter. This wish was granted because the Daimler brand of the DMG had been already conceded to the French Panhard carmaker for all France.
Development
Jellinek specified revolutionary improvements. Unlike the previous generation of cars, unstable motorized coaches of narrow high bodies which were so prone to overturn, the novel Mercedes should be longer, wider, and of a lower center of gravity. Also it would have a light steel body and strong chassis, onto which the engine would be firmly fixed near the ground and lowering the car's center of gravity. 36 of these cars would be delivered, for the large sum of .
Over the following months of 1900 Jellinek oversaw the process closely, at first through daily telegrams, and subsequently, by traveling personally. Maybach tested the new car for the first time on 22 November and Jellinek received his first delivery on 22 December 1900.
In January 1901, Emil Jellinek's Mercedes team tested six of the new Mercedes in the Pau Grand Prix, but the racecar was of a disappointing performance by multiple technical complications and enduring just for few laps. However, in the Nice-La Turbie event of March 1901, it was much different. Jellinek participated through five Mercedes and the German driver Wilhelm Werner. The cars dominated the race from start to finish with a record average speed of ), beating the previous ) and reaching top speeds of ). Those results easily outclassed all other competing cars in any capacity. The automotive world was so astonished that Paul Meyan, director of the French Automobile Club, stated: "We have entered the Mercedes era". Eventually, the road car achieved typical speeds of ). The racing version could exceed .
In Stuttgart, DMG mounted two additional back seats on the Mercedes , transforming it for a family car. Between March and August 1901, it manufactured two more Mercedes models, the and the . The Mercedes was so successful that the production lines of the DMG ran at full capacity. The Mercedes trademark was used on DMG production automobiles from 23 June 1902. It was formally registered on 26 September 1902.
In June 1903, Emil Jellinek changed his own name to Jellinek-Mercedes, stating: "This is probably the first time that a father has taken his daughter's name".
Technical description
Dimensions
The Mercedes had a wheelbase of and a track of . The total weight was also dramatically reduced to by making the main chassis frame of pressed steel of carefully designed U-shaped cross section.
The relatively light engine with was mounted over the front axle without any extra subframes, so its center of gravity was close to the ground.
Running gear
The wooden wheels of the Mercedes were non-removable, featuring 12 spokes, steel covers and pneumatic tires: tall, wide in front, and tall, wide in the rear.
There were two braking systems, one hand operated and the other by foot. The main brake was the hand brake which acted on the rear wheels which had drums. The secondary, foot brake, acted on the chain drive's intermediate shaft and was water-cooled.
Both axles were rigid, equipped with semi-elliptic springs. The steering-axles were designed to minimise transmission of road shocks to the driver. The steering column was inclined backwards unlike the vertical shaft on many of its contemporaries.
The engine of the Mercedes was at the front of the car driving the rear wheels through a large roller chain. The gearshift was at the driver's right side, featuring a gate change system with four forward speeds and a reverse gear. The drum like compact clutch system was attached to the flywheel. The flywheel consisted of a self-adjustable coil spring made up of wound spring steel. The tension at which the clutch operated was regulated by a conical cam.
Engine
The main bearings were made of magnalium, an aluminium alloy with 5% magnesium. The crankcase was also made of aluminium. The four cylinders, cast in grey iron with fixed heads, gave a total displacement of ( bore, stroke), and were arranged in pairs each pair with a single spray-nozzle carburetor. The intake and exhaust valves were no longer opened by cylinder pressure but by two camshafts on the sides of the engine, driven by gears from the flywheel. There were two carburetors, one for each cylinder-pair.
The engine was started by a hand crank aided by the presence of a decompressor. The engine also incorporated a low-voltage magneto with make-and-break spark ignition. This was fitted at Jellinek's demand, replacing the antiquated hot tube system.
Cooling was provided by a pumped water system. Maybach's tubular radiator, patented in 1897, known as a honeycomb radiator, was similar to ones. Its rectangular grille had pipes with a square cross section of × to improve airflow, and held of water. The airflow was assisted by a fan located behind the radiator.
The Mercedes engine ran between and , its speed controlled by the driver using a lever on the steering wheel. Its peak output was at
See also
Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft
Emil Jellinek
Timeline of most powerful production cars
Mercedes Simplex
List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles
Notes
References
Mercedes 35 HP, at seriouswheels.com.
External links
Mercedes Benz enterprise
Jellinek's biography
History of Mercedes Benz RUS
Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft
35hp
Cars introduced in 1901
Veteran vehicles
1900s cars |
Ryuminskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Slednevskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 17 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.
Geography
Ryuminskoye is located 22 km north of Alexandrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kopylikha is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast |
尤里卡147（EUREKA 147，也可寫成：EUREKA-147、Eureka 147或Eureka-147）是一種數位廣播技術的通訊協定，最初是由歐洲各國所共同發展、訂立的標準，如今則已經逐漸遍行適用於世界各國。
事實上EUREKA 147更為人所知的稱呼是數位音訊廣播（DAB, Digital audio broadcasting），不過除了EUREKA 147外也還有其他類型的數位音訊廣播技術，如IBOC（In-band on-channel）或IBAC（In-band adjacent-channel）等。
EUREKA 147使用波段III（band III）以及L波段（L band）的無線頻帶來運作，波段III的頻帶範疇為174MHz—240MHz，L波段則為1452MHz—1492MHz，不過在有些國家也可以使用超高頻波段（UHF，300MHz—3000MHz）來運作。
此外，EUREKA 147能夠讓數位音訊（Digital audio）的位元串流（Bitstream）進行同時性的多路傳輸（Multiplexing），經由此種方式也可讓多個電台共用同一個無線電信號及其波段，以多路傳輸方式對外發波之後，再交由接收器進行對應的解碼，如此即可還原出真正可聆聽的數位音訊。
關連項目
數位音訊無線電衛星（DARS, Digital Audio Radio Satellite） - 用人造衛星向地面發送數位音訊廣播
T-DMB（Digital Multimedia Broadcasting） - 數位多媒體廣播及其技術標準
香港數碼聲音廣播
外部連結
BBC Datasheet on Eureka 147 - EUREKA 147的技術資料（英國廣播公司）
WorldDAB site - 介紹全世界數位音訊廣播的網站
數位無線電
廣播工程
da:Eureka 147 DAB System
en:EUREKA 147 |
劉石亂華，即劉淵與石勒在西晉末期八王之亂後起兵反叛。
永嘉二年（308年）劉淵稱帝，建都平陽，國號漢。山西、河北一帶的各族胡人以及漢族，紛紛響應。此時晉朝的內鬨仍未停止。永嘉六年（312年）劉聰攻陷洛陽，縱兵燒掠，俘擄晉懷帝。劉石之亂時石勒一度攻破豫州、江夏，勢力範圍西及南陽，北據淮汝，南抵長江。太興四年（321年）祖逖病死，石勒又攻佔河南。
金毓黼指出：“中原遭劉石之亂，人民之盪析離居者，十室而九”。顧炎武〈與友人論學書〉說“昔劉石亂華，本於清談之流禍”。
西晋战役
西晋叛乱
前赵军事 |
囊托羊蹄甲（学名：）为豆科羊蹄甲属的植物。分布于越南以及中国大陆的贵州、广西、云南等地，生长于海拔500米至1,000米的地区，常生于山地沟谷疏林以及密林下，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。模式标本采自越南岘港。
别名
越南羊蹄甲
参考文献
N |
梅莱（），是意大利利古里亚大区熱那亞廣域市的一个市镇。总面积16.94平方公里，人口2686人，人口密度158.6人/平方公里（2009年）。ISTAT代码为010033。
参考
外部链接
热那亚广域市市镇 |
The State Street subway is an underground section of the Chicago "L" system in The Loop which serves as the center of the Red Line. It is long and has a boarding average of 53,601 passengers every weekday as of February 2013. It owes its name to State Street which it runs below. Since the subway is operated by the Red Line, it serves passengers 24 hours a day/7 days a week and 365 days a year.
The subway is notable for having the longest subway platform in the world and the longest railway platform outside of India (and by extension, in the western hemisphere), shared by all stations from Lake Street to Jackson Boulevard.
History
The State Street subway project was funded by New Deal programs established by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. In 1937, the city of Chicago successfully applied for a federal grant and loan from the Works Progress Administration to fund the construction of two subway tunnels, the first of which would be built beneath State Street and the second beneath Milwaukee Avenue and Dearborn Street.
On December 17, 1938, the city of Chicago began construction of the State Street subway at the intersection of State Street and Chicago Avenue. The tunnel was buried deep to enable the use of a tunnel boring machine throughout the construction of the subway. Only brief sections were built using the "cut-and-cover' method. Unlike the Milwaukee-Dearborn subway, no delays occurred in construction and the subway opened for revenue service on October 17, 1943.
In November 1985, work began to extend the State Street subway south from its original portal at 13th and State Street, where it connected to the South Side main Line, and the Englewood and Jackson Park branches, in order to connect the State Street subway to the Dan Ryan branch. The subway extension was completed by January 25, 1990, but did not immediately enter passenger service. On February 21, 1993, the CTA color-coded the lines and made the State Street subway and Dan Ryan Branch part of the present day Red Line. Trains were rerouted through the new subway extension to the Dan Ryan Branch which runs to 95th/Dan Ryan, while the South Side Elevated branch became part of the present day Green Line.
On April 13, 1992, during the Chicago flood of water poured into Chicago's subways and the basements of nearby buildings. Service through the State Street subway was stopped temporarily, while water was pumped out of the tunnels.
On November 18, 1997, the station at Lake permanently opened as an independent station, offering transfers to the elevated State/Lake station. Lake was originally part of the Washington station. On October 23, 2006, the Washington station closed due to the Block 37 project.
Station listing
Image gallery
References
Railway lines in Chicago
Chicago Transit Authority
1943 establishments in Illinois |
夏韶聲（，），原名吳志坤，香港出生，香港歌手及演員，有「香港搖滾之父」之稱。1979年推出了首張唱片《童年時》，曾獲華僑日報十大歌星與最佳新人獎中的最佳新人獎，以沙啞的獨特唱腔唱出了不少街知巷聞的歌曲，如《永不放棄》、《交叉點》以及跟苏芮合作的《车站》。1998年夏韶聲翻唱別人的歌並推出大碟《諳》後，受音響界發燒友歡迎。其後多年也以《諳》名字推出大碟及翻唱別人的歌曲，直至2015年《諳》第五集銷量下滑及口碑不佳才告停止。
生平
夏韶聲祖籍廣西桂林市，小時候居住在鑽石山橫頭磡的木屋區和紅磡機利士南路。家中有三位姊姊（本來還有五位兄長，但在夏韶聲出生前已因為戰亂而死），父親為木匠。他在1965年畢業於九龍船塢紀念學校上午校，後升讀旺角勞工子弟學校，只完成中學一年級便因為不愛讀書而在中二時輟學，開始踏入社會工作。入娛樂圈前，他於牛奶公司當過洗碗員、在油麻地的「合眾搬運公司」當過雜務、在地盤扎過鐵以及在「唯一製衣廠」負責托布。
夏韶聲自中學年代已經懂得彈結他。在製衣廠工作時獲同事介紹到舞廳一邊學習彈結他，一邊學音樂。雖然他大部分時間是替樂隊買外賣、倒垃圾、處理煙灰，但他自己仍堅持在旁觀察樂隊成員彈結他。
1974年，他到美輪酒店Merlin Hotel（九龍酒店舊址）表演，擔任鼓手，被當時無綫電視的監製劉韻芝相中，邀請他上《歡樂今宵》演出。自此，夏韶聲正式進入演藝圈。
1976年，麗風唱片公司出版了一張名為《Disco Time》的LP長壽大碟合集，收錄了以其早期英文名字Dandy Ng，與薛家燕（Nancy Sit）、狄波拉（Deborah Lee）、黃思雯（Cecilia Wong）、The Wild Cats（韓國野貓樂隊）及Oscar Band分别灌錄的共十二首英語流行及的士高風格歌曲；他在唱片內演繹的兩首歌曲名稱是"Let It Out"及"Wish You Luck, My Love"，初試蹄聲。
1979年推出了首張唱片《童年時》。1998年翻唱別人的歌並推出大碟《諳》。他多年來以《諳》名字推出大碟及翻唱別人的歌繼續歌唱事業，直至2015年的《諳》第五集銷量遇挫才停止發行發燒碟。
除唱歌外，夏韶聲亦有參與電視劇、電影及舞臺劇演出。1998年他在《烈火雄心》中飾演的高級消防隊長何星備受好評，是他的影視代表作。
2009年，推出全新創作大碟「力量POWER」獲十大最佳華語搖滾大碟，廣州國際華語音樂聯盟，但銷量未復當年。
夏韶聲熱愛探究UFO事件，2011年推出創作漫畫〈天眼〉，火速售罄，兩度再版。2013年夏天〈天眼〉終極版及〈陳仔〉模型同步上市，惟最終要中止計劃。2013年11月30日，夏韶聲於九龍灣國際展貿中心匯星舉行了〈「天眼」第七類接觸講唱會2013〉。
2018年6月7日及8日，和前藍戰士低音結他手單立文（Pal、豹哥）、前Beyond結他手黃貫中（Paul）、太極樂隊結他手鄧建明（Joey）及恭碩良（Jun）組成「Hong Kong Band」在香港體育館舉行兩場《搖滾大俠奏》演唱會。
藝名與英文名之來源
「夏韶聲」：1960至70年代女歌手舒雅頌帶他找相士改名。「夏」屬火，寓意生財；「韶」部首音（樂），「刀」與「口」帶鋒利之意，寓意有光芒。
「Danny Summer」：1981年日本著名結他手竹田和夫邀請他加入樂隊「Creation」到日本演出，為讓歌迷容易記得夏韶聲的名字，竹田和夫替他取名「Danny Summer」。
唱片
個人專輯
合輯
<noinclude>
{| class="wikitable"
!align="left" width="30px"| #
!align="left" width="200px"| 專輯名稱
!align="left" width="90px"| 專輯類型
!align="left" width="90px"| 發行公司
!align="left" width="100px"| 發行日期
!align="left" width="270px"| 曲目
|-
! 1
! Disco Time
| 的士高及流行格調英語歌曲
| 麗風唱片
| 1976年
|
Lady Bump - The Wild Cats 韓國野貓樂隊
Theme From S.W.A.T. - Oscar Band
Carry On Till Tomorrow - Cecilia Wong 黃思雯
Secret Love - Deborah Lee 狄波拉
Let It Out - Dandy Ng 夏韶聲
Save Your Kissed For Me - Nancy Sit 薛家燕
Sky High - Deborah Lee [[狄波拉
Disco Lady - The Wild Cats 韓國野貓樂隊
Red, White & Blue - Nancy Sit 薛家燕
Joni Don't Cry - Cecilia Wong 黃思雯
Wish You Luck, My Love - Dandy Ng 夏韶聲
Tonight's The Night - Oscar Band
|-
! 2
! 情若濃－兩個她．一個他
| 新曲＋精選
| 海岸娛樂
| 1995年
|
想起妳－夏韶聲
這夜誰趟在妳旁－夏韶聲
童年時－夏韶聲
情若濃－韋綺珊
當相愛變習慣－韋綺珊
我瘋我痴－韋綺珊
女人夢－韋綺珊
末路狂花（club mix）－李婉華
藍（radio version）－李婉華
想起妳（karaoke version）
|-
電視劇（無綫電視）
1990年：蜀山奇俠 飾 丁隱
1993年：開心華之里 飾 朱志華（華dee）
1995年：刑事偵緝檔案 飾 喬楚
1995年：包青天之「夫證妻兇」飾 段因
1995年：壹號皇庭IV 飾 昌
1996年：天降財神 飾 楊東成
1996年：乾隆大帝 飾 周敬安（於1997年海外發行，1998年播映）
1996年：愛在暴風的日子 飾 洪坤（於1995年海外發行，1998年播映）
1997年：迷離檔案 飾 時空人
1997年：美味天王 飾 胡天擇
1997年：廉政追緝令 飾 陳展博
1998年：花木蘭 飾 皇弟
1998年：鹿鼎記 飾 陳近南
1998年：烈火雄心 飾 何星（何Sir）
1998年：西遊記(貳) 飾 黃眉老祖
1998年：廉政行動1998之「再見大龍鳳」飾 方子洪
1999年：千里姻緣兜錯圈 飾 楊志超
2000年：夢想成真 飾 林大偉
2000年：緣份無邊界 飾 夏太平
2000年：陀槍師姐II 飾 葉長勝
電視劇（其他）
2000年：Happiest Family
2006年：A Note to New Life（香港電台）
2006年：非常平等任務（香港電台）
2014年：IT行者單元劇《路茫茫》飾 父親Sam（香港電台）
2015年：火速救兵III 飾 阿昌（香港電台）
2015年：獅子山下2015‧〈記號 - 我們年輕，但我們也有過去〉 飾 Guts 父親（香港電台）
2017年：瑪嘉烈與大衛系列 前度飾 明哥
2020年：地產仔飾 Uncle雷（ViuTV）
曾參與電視節目
味分高下（嘉賓）
超級巨聲2、超級巨聲3（評判）
兄弟幫（嘉賓）
喜來大龍鳳（商業電台節目嘉賓）
Home Sweet Home（嘉賓）
歡樂滿些牙（嘉賓）
甜爺爺（演出）
曬ya馬拉moi 香港開電視（嘉賓）
電影
1985年：青春節拍
1986年：開心快活人
1986年：最後一戰
1987年：富貴逼人
1989年：返老還童
1997年：心思思
2001年：險角 飾 沙展
2006年：殺破狼
2016年：選老頂
2018年：某日某月
派台歌曲成績（1988年起）
这是一個动态的未完成列表，内容可能会随时增加，所以它可能永远也不会補充完整，但歡迎您'''隨時[ 修改]并列明来源。<noinclude>
上榜中（*）
舞台劇
1995年：風流醫生手尾長
軼聞
夏韶聲曾在無綫電視節目兄弟幫中透露自己對太空星體和不明飛行物體（UFO）一類的事情感興趣，亦多次到美國的51區等地區探索。
他經歷過四段婚姻，四段婚姻皆以離婚收場。夏韶聲與第一任太太是中學同學，二人奉女成婚，育有兩女Rachel及Michelle，前妻及女兒均已移居美國，他亦有三名外孫。與第三任太太智利籍的BiBi離婚，是2003年前無綫藝員梁詠琳的介入而導致的，他亦公開表示對這妻子一直抱有歉意。其與梁詠琳的婚外情關係，最終是以因財失義告終，梁詠琳因被騙家財散盡而退出香港演藝圈並返回美國。
夏韶聲曾在《多謝林振強》紀念專輯中透露，自己是以“林翁”稱呼對方的。
爭議
《妈妈我没有做错》
夏韶声在1989年天安门民主运动的学生们唱的一首歌《妈妈我没有做错》，曾激发了香港民众对北京当局的强烈不满。當時香港支联会主席司徒华認為夏韶声以这首《妈妈我没有做错》参加「民主歌声献中华」巡回演出活动，在民众当中引起很大共鸣，並提到：「当时这首歌很受欢迎，因为它反映了当时人们对天安門静坐示威的学生的支持和同情。」
红色摇滚音乐会
2009年9月26日，夏韶声在民建联主办的国庆活动“红色摇滚音乐会”演唱，有歌迷却在台下唱对台戏，有示威者在他表演时冲上舞台夺走麦克风，高呼「平反六四、结束一党专政、搖滾不容殺人政權」等口号，现场一度相当混乱。夏韶声回应台下的观众，指自己不是领导人，不必发出反对政府的声音。當時立法会议员李卓人認為夏韶声的确没有责任去指责当局，但应该承担一个普通市民应尽的义务。民建联中央委员、“红色摇滚音乐会”策划人黎荣浩則認為夏韶声享有表达自己由衷心情的自由。在夏韶声的个人网站歌迷讨论区，网民对他的演出进行了激烈的争辩。有批评人士覺得摇滚乐是反抗者的声音，是他们的呐喊，而不是当权者的工具。支持人士則尊重夏韶声作為一个歌手所作出的选择。司徒华又稱过去20年来夏韶声改变了对中国大陸的看法。此後，夏韶声一直避免參與涉及政治的音樂活動，不過，他在2014年參與紀念香港電台《頭條新聞》時事評論節目25週年的演出。
参考文献
外部連結
夏韶聲網站
父女情夏韶聲
夏韶聲 YouTube 頻道
注釋
香港男歌手
無綫電視男藝員
香港電影男演員
SIU
超級巨聲2評判
九龍船塢紀念學校校友
勞工子弟學校校友
1970年代出道的香港歌手
香港電視男演員
摇滚乐手
香港吉他手 |
Etnah Rochon Boutte (1881 – March 9, 1973) was an American educator, pharmacist, and clubwoman. She taught French at Fisk University and in New York City. She was executive secretary of the Circle for Negro War Relief during World War I.
Early life
Etnah R. Rochon was from St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, the daughter of Victor Narcisse Rochon and Kate Rochon. Her mother was a teacher, and her father was a member of the Louisiana legislature during Reconstruction. She had three older sisters, including Althea Rochon, who went overseas as a YMCA worker during World War I. Another older sister, Beatrice Frances Rochon, married architect Robert Robinson Taylor; former government official Valerie Jarrett is the great-granddaughter of Beatrice Rochon Taylor.
(Etnah Rochon Boutte's first name is found as Etna or Edna in some sources, but she used the five-letter spelling in published advertisements for her school and in correspondence.)
Education
Boutte attended Fisk University, but left during her senior year in 1917 to do war work. She petitioned later for her degree, with a letter of support from W. E. B. Du Bois. After the war, she attended Columbia University and studied a semester in Paris. She received a pharmacy degree in 1923 and a French teaching degree in 1924.
In 1928, John D. Rockefeller Jr. presented Boutte at Fisk's commencement with her belated degree, saying, "Here is a young woman who has a bachelor of science degree from Columbia and a master of arts degree from Columbia and the University of Paris, but she comes back to Fisk for her bachelor of arts degree, prizing it above all the others."
Career
Education work
Boutte was a school teacher in Opelousas, Louisiana, and was a teacher educator in summer training programs. She taught French at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. She taught French at New York's 137th Street YWCA in 1925, and opened her own school of French in Harlem in 1930. She was an officer of the New York Fisk Club, and a member of the Penelope Club in Brooklyn.
Wartime work
During World War I, while her husband was overseas as a member of John J. Pershing's staff, Boutte was executive secretary of the Circle for Negro War Relief, a national fundraising effort organized in New York City. During World War II she chaired the Manhattan chapter of the Free French Relief Committee.
Community and health advocacy
In 1922, Boutte was one of the sixteen women who founded the NAACP fundraising effort the Anti-Lynching Crusaders, in Newark, New Jersey, with Mary Burnett Talbert as director. In 1927 she was on the committee of the Emma Ransom House at the 137th Street YWCA. She was president of the New York Chapter of the National Council of Negro Women in 1944 and 1945.
After World War II, she worked with the American Cancer Society as a medical social work consultant, and ran "The Little Red Door", a cancer information center in Harlem. In 1952, she was a member of the New York City Cancer Committee Board. From 1943 into the 1960s, she was appointed to several terms on the Board of Visitors at the Warwick State Training School for Boys.
Boutte's Pharmacy
Boutte ran a pharmacy with her husband in New York for decades. In 1958 she survived an armed robbery while she was alone in the store.
Personal life
In 1914, Boutte married pharmacist Mathieu (or Matthew) Virgil Boutte (or Boutté).
In 1928, Boutte was in a serious traffic accident.
In 1957, Boutte's husband M. V. Boutte died.
On March 9, 1973, Boutte died. She was 92 years old. Boutte is buried with her husband at Arlington National Cemetery.
References
1881 births
1973 deaths
American educators
American pharmacists
American women in World War I
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Fisk University alumni
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
20th-century American educators
Columbia University College of Pharmacy alumni |
花生油的产品特点：？花生油由20%饱和脂肪酸和80%的不饱和脂肪酸所组成，其中主要是油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸，碘价约80～110，属于干性油，油色淡黄透明，有香味，是一种优质的烹调用油。根据国家标准GB 1534—2003《花生油》的规定，花生油按制作工艺可分为浸出花生油和压榨花生油。浸出花生油是经溶剂浸出制取的油，压榨花生油是用压榨方法制取的油。2004年我国开始执行食品安全市场准入制度，销售的各类花生油均应有QS标志。 |
卡尔-海因茨·普鲁德尔（，），德国男子赛艇运动员。他曾代表东德参加1976年夏季奥林匹克运动会赛艇比赛，获得男子八人单桨有舵手金牌。
参考资料
西普魯士人
德国男子赛艇运动员
东德奥运赛艇运动员
1976年夏季奥林匹克运动会赛艇运动员
1976年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奧林匹克運動會划船獎牌得主
東德奧林匹克運動會金牌得主
欧洲赛艇锦标赛奖牌得主
世界赛艇锦标赛奖牌得主 |
受寒月经不调症状？受寒月经不调症受寒月经不调的症状：1、首先就是，经血量过多，尤其是第二天或者第三天更多，而且还伴有血块，经量多还好，尤其是有血块，而血块也是大多数时候造成我们痛经的主要原因。2、然后就是经期延长，正常情况下我们的经期只要四到六天就正常，可是有时候有些女性经期会达到十天，那有些活血只有一到两天，这也不是很正常。3、还有一些就是月经频繁，就是有时候，有些人一个月可以来两次或者三次月经，那这就是很严重的月经不调了。女性经期受寒，会使盆腔内的血管收缩，导致卵巢功能紊乱，可引起月经量过少，甚至闭经，因此需要引起女性朋友的重视。受寒月经不调的治疗方法，需根据患者个人情况而定，具体方法如下：1、青春期患者：多采用期待疗法，若出现月经量多，可采用人工周期治疗；2、育龄妇女月经失调：如闭经，可调整月经周期，无生育需求的情况下，使其达到定期月经即可。若月经量多，需进行止血，部分患者可采取诊刮，部分直接进行人工周期，及时止血。月经不调必须进行B超，属于无创性检查，方便、经济实惠，可排除有无器质性疾病，如子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异常、子宫畸形或卵巢病变等。受寒可以自我调理一段时间，但如果症状还没有明显缓解的话，就应该到正规专业的医院检查一下，以防其它妇科疾病的发生。受寒月经不调的患者要注意：1、保持快乐精神，避免精神刺激和情绪波动，经期有小腹胀满、腰酸、轻度腹泻、易疲劳、嗜睡、易怒或易忧郁的女性现象，不要惊慌，都是正常的，不要太紧张。2.注意卫生，防止感染。注意外生殖器的卫生和清洁。月经期间没有性交。注意保暖，避免寒冷刺激。避免过度工作。月经量高的人不应该吃红糖。3、内衣应柔软、棉质，通风性能好，经常清洗和更换，更换的内衣应放在阳光下晾干。 |
楊珧（），字文琚，弘農華陰人。晉武帝武悼皇-{后}-楊芷之叔父、楊駿之弟。
曆位尚書令、衛將軍。素有名稱，受晉武帝寵幸，當時名望猶在兄楊駿之前。見其兄貴盛，知受寵幸得到的大權不可長久，自願乞求遜位多次，始終不獲准許。初時在上任聘後，楊珧上表奏曰：“曆觀古今，一族二-{后}-，未嘗以全，而受覆宗之禍。乞以表事藏之宗廟，若如臣之言，得以免禍。”武帝答應。右軍督趙休上書陳：“王莽五公，兄弟相代。今楊氏三公，幷在大位，而天變屢見，臣竊爲陛下憂之。”由此楊珧更懼怕。全力乞求遜位，武帝始首肯，賜錢百萬、絹五千匹。
楊珧初時以退讓稱，後來乃合朋黨，構出齊王司馬攸。中護軍羊琇與北軍中侯成粲謀欲手刃楊珧。楊珧知道後而辭疾不出。諷有司奏羊琇，轉爲太僕。自是舉朝莫敢彈劾三楊。
后杨骏被诛，三族被灭。楊珧臨刑稱冤訴說有武帝下詔之函藏於宗廟可救他，可以問張華關於此事。當時眾人皆認為應該爲楊珧申理，合依鍾毓事例。而賈氏族黨待諸楊如仇人，催促行刑者斬殺。當時的人皆嗟嘆。
參考資料
《晉書》列傳第十
晉朝軍事人物
晉朝被處決者
Y |
睑内翻的治疗方案是什么?？（1） 先天性睑内翻随年龄增长，鼻梁发育，可自行消失，因此不必急于手术治疗。如果患儿已5-6岁，睫毛仍然内翻，严重刺激角膜，可考虑手术治疗，行穹隆部－眼睑皮肤穿线术，利用缝线牵拉的力量，将睑缘向外牵拉以矫正内翻。（2） 老年性睑内翻可行热毒杆菌毒素局部注射。如无效可手术切除多余的松弛皮肤和切断部分眼轮匝肌纤维。对急性痉挛性睑内翻应积极控制炎症。（3） 瘢痕睑内翻必须手术治疗，可采用睑板楔形切除术或睑板切断术。 |
服用注射用去水卫矛醇须注意的事项？1.副作用有恶心，食欲不振，色素沉着，白血球下降等。一般病例能坚持继续用药。 2.本药注射时，如药液外渗，可能引起局部组织坏死，形成溃疡，故使用时应防止药液外渗。 |
徐吉甫可以指：
徐养正，字吉甫，明朝政治人物
徐用仪，字吉甫，清朝政治人物
ji |
See also
Virginia's 17th congressional district special election, 1808
Virginia's 21st congressional district special election, 1809
United States House of Representatives elections, 1808 and 1809
List of United States representatives from Virginia
Notes
References
1809
Virginia
United States House of Representatives |
The MisEducation of Bindu is a 2019 American independent comedy film directed by Prarthana Mohan and starring David Arquette, Megan Suri and Priyanka Bose. Mark Duplass and Jay Duplass served as executive producers.
Cast
Megan Suri as Bindu Chaudry, Kasturi's daughter and Bill's step-daughter
Philip Labes as Peter, Bindu's friend
Gordon Winarick as Sam, Bindu's friend
Priyanka Bose as Kasturi Chaudry, Bindu's mom and Bill's wife
David Arquette as Bill, Kasturi's husband and Bindu's step-father
Production
Principal photography took place in Broad Ripple High School.
Release
The film screened in the narrative competition at the San Diego International Film Festival.
Accolades
The film won the Indiana Spotlight Award at the 2019 Heartland International Film Festival.
Prarthana Mohan won the Chris Brinker Award given to first time directors at the San Diego International Film Festival.
References
External links
American independent films
American comedy films
Films shot in Indiana
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
Films about Indian Americans |
甲乙丙丁戊肝怎样检查多少钱？对肝脏检查，影像学方面最先进行检查的检查是通过彩草检查，可以提取患者的肝脏形状、外形、里面文静脉是否变宽等。另外，还可以看到胆囊是否有炎症结石，肝脏动脉静脉的血流。对实验室的检测主要是肝功能，主要指标是肝病、曲草传播酶、淡红素，直接淡红素、间接淡红素、间接淡红素、碱性磷酸、GT等相关指标，这些指标完全能反映肝脏的情况也属于肝脏功能。正常情况下，一般体检两年一次。但乙肝患者应每半年检查一次彩色，乙肝DNA，乙肝3系统及肝功能。肝脏是比较罕见的急性传染性肝病，主要通过消化道传染，被病原体污染的食物、水源、发病、中老年患者的告发人，主要是急性肝炎的症状、恶意、呕吐、呕吐、呕吐、腹泻、发热、尿液、肝脏不合适的表现，大多数患者合并后的胆汁充血表现，皮肤粘膜黄炎、皮肤痒、大便大便，笔肝后及时治疗，床休息，饮食清淡，积极的肝炎，肝，抗炎，退黄，退黄，退黄，维生素，电解质治疗，定期复检功能等都会发生变化。如果出现严重的肝损伤和肝衰竭，考虑到肾上腺皮质荷尔蒙的治疗，通过积极的治疗，大多数患者都能有效地治疗，极少数的病例可以考虑对慢性化、慢性化、黎巴嫩抗病治疗。“肝”是比较常见的传染性肝病，是因感染无形肝炎病毒而引发的急性慢性传染病。无间病毒感染后，患者可表现急性黄疸性肝炎，主要表现为无力、恶心、脂油性、腹泻、肝口不舒服，部分患者可出现尿液、黄色、皮肤粘膜等黄炎。堆积深刻胆汁的表现手法是皮肤瘙痒、大便颜色浅，容易引发呕吐大便。在及时消化消化道的隔离同时，加强护理间，消炎方面的治疗，大部分的预后都很好。但是孕妇和其他基础疾病患者中可能会出现重症病例，因此要充分注意。戊肝是一种常见的病毒性肝炎，患者的身体受到很大的影响。患者初期如果有黄疸、疲劳、肝区域疼痛、恶心、腹泻等症状，维持患者良好的心状态，并在医院积极治疗肝功能和检查。 |
肠易激综合征相关视频？侯晓华：亚洲肠易激综合征的共识意见 |
The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement () administers Burma's social welfare, relief and resettlement affairs.
The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement is currently led by Dr Soe Win, who was appointed by SAC chairman Min Aung Hlaing on 3 August 2023.
Ministers
Departments
Union Minister Office
Department of Social Welfare
Department of Disaster Management
Department of Rehabilitation
See also
Cabinet of Burma
References
External links
Official website
SocialWelfareReliefResettlement
Myanmar |
Bornum is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Zerbst.
Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Zerbst
Duchy of Anhalt |
中國生命集團有限公司（）為香港上市公司，主要業務為於台灣及中國及香港及越南提供殯儀服務，包括棺木、壽衣、孝服等，台灣及重慶護老及相關諮詢服務。
历史
2005年2月24日成立，2009年9月9日以配售方式在香港創業板掛牌上市，配股價為0.72港元，上市後數天內股價最高升至4.24港元。自二零一七年十二月二十二日起，劉添財先生已不再出任主席，惟繼續留任執行董事職務。同時，許建春先生已獲委任為董事會主席。
附屬公司
中國-重慶錫周殯葬服務
臺灣-寶山生命科技股份有限公司、寶德生命事業股份有限、不老林股份有限公司
越南-寶山生命責任有限公司
參考資料
外部連結
中國生命集團公司網站
中國民營企業
中国殡葬公司
2005年成立的公司
2009年首次公开募股 |
沈阳女性不育不孕可以治疗吗？当今社会，不育不孕是一个普遍存在的社会问题，平均每8对夫妇就有1对不能生育，以下为不育不孕的成因、特徵和解决方法。不育不孕症是由多种原因引起的一组生殖障碍，全世界的人也有机会发生，不论是中国各地(如沈阳)还是外国皆会出现。是育龄夫妇的生殖健康不良事件。如果男方健康无病，而女方有感染或疾病，即有机会导致不育，反之亦然，甚至有例子是双方身体也有疾病或受过感染的，亦会令女方不孕。按照现时医学说法，在这种情况下即便受孕，婴儿也可能会染上先天性疾病，以及出现抵抗力变差，最坏情况则是婴儿会胎死腹中。女性卵母细胞、男性精子、男性和女性生殖道的解剖和功能可导致不孕或不育症。不同国家、民族和地区的不孕发生率不同，中国不育的发生率约为7％≤10％。发现不孕症的原因是诊断不孕症的关键。女性不孕症的常见原因是盆腔因素和排卵障碍。治疗女性不孕症的方法主要包括生殖道整形手术、排卵诱导和辅助生殖技术。一般认为，无生育控制至少12个月、未怀孕的妇女被称为不孕，而男性称为不育。不育不孕症可分为两类，既往从未有过妊娠史，无避孕而从未妊娠者为原发不孕（第1类），既往有过妊娠史，而后无避孕连续12个月未孕者，称为继发不孕（第2类）。不孕不育检查项目︰若发现不育不孕情况，建议夫妻两人到大型正规医院进行系统的不育检查，以确定不育是否是由男性因素、女性因素或这两种因素造成的。1.女性不育检查项目︰阴道检查、子宫检查、卵巢检查、内分泌检查、全身因素检查、先天性因素检查、排卵功能试验、性激素试验等。2.男性不育检查项目︰尿道检查、精囊输精管检查、睾丸检查、性功能试验、免疫因素检查、精索静脉曲张试验、放射因素检查等。若发现有不育不孕，应尽快到大型正规医院检查，聆听医生意见，解决问题。 |
Mario Sports Superstars is a 2017 sports video game developed by Bandai Namco Studios and Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. The game contains five sports minigames: football, baseball, tennis, golf, and horse racing, and was released in March 2017.
Gameplay
The game consists of five sports – football, baseball, tennis, golf, and horse racing. Despite the number of sports contained, they are not mini-games, but rather, full-scale recreations of each sport. For example, the soccer part of the game contains eleven versus eleven gameplay, the same as is standard in the sport. Each individual sport contains single player tournaments, local multiplayer, and online multiplayer game modes.
Development
The game was first announced during a Nintendo Direct on September 1, 2016. The title was co-developed by Bandai Namco Studios and Camelot Software Planning, with the latter having developed games in the Mario Golf and Mario Tennis series. tri-Crescendo assisted on design. While Nintendo's Mario Sports line has featured stand-alone entries in soccer (Mario Strikers), baseball (Mario Super Sluggers), tennis (Mario Tennis) and golf (Mario Golf), they had never featured horse racing, or compiled all these sports into one compilation. Additionally, all of the sports except tennis had previously been featured in minigames in the Mario Party series. The game was released in PAL regions on March 10, 2017, in North America on March 24, 2017, and in Japan on March 30, 2017. As with Camelot's previous Mario sports games, the soundtrack was written by Motoi Sakuraba.
Reception
Mario Sports Superstars received mixed reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic. Destructoid called it a "lazy experience, one developed solely for the purpose of selling what are basically Mario-branded Topps cards." Nintendo Life stated though that as a single player experience, it was "totally functional yet painfully lifeless". By May 2017, the game had sold over 92,829 copies in Japan.
Notes
References
External links
2017 video games
Association football video games
Camelot Software Planning games
Bandai Namco games
Baseball video games
Golf video games
Video games about horses
Mario sports games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Multiple-sport video games
Nintendo 3DS eShop games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo 3DS-only games
Nintendo Network games
Racing video games
Tennis video games
Video games scored by Motoi Sakuraba
Video games developed in Japan
Video games that use Amiibo figurines |
Chamaita nudarioides is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the Bismarck Islands.
References
Nudariina
Moths described in 1882 |
胃痛怎么办？出现胃痛的情况，可以腹部热敷，适量喝点温开水，一般能够有效缓解，也可以自我按摩穴位，比如内关穴、足三里。如果不能缓解，建议还是要去医院就诊。短时间的突然性的胃痛，大多是由于饮食不当、腹部受凉等原因引起的比如使用生冷食物以及过于辛辣的食物会引起胃痛。但是如果频繁的出现胃痛，或者是长时间剧烈的胃痛，要排除胃部的器质性病变导致的可能，需要去消化内科进一步就诊。所谓的胃痛实际上指的是位于上腹部剑突下方和肚脐以上这个区域，一般会认为这个部位的疼痛就是胃痛的表现，但实际上导致上腹部区域疼痛的器官不仅包括胃，还包括十二指肠、胆道系统、肝脏、胰腺等。因此对于胃痛的治疗不能仅仅是头痛医头、脚痛医脚，或者是通过喝热水进行一些对症治疗，首先要进行明确的诊断。既然考虑到这个部位的疼痛有可能是这么多器官疾病导致的，通常可以进行上腹部的B超的检查、验血、胃镜。在进行明确诊断之后，针对发现的疾病采取相应的治疗。对于一些慢性的胃的良性疾病，可以通过药物治疗以及改善饮食习惯进行治疗，戒烟戒酒，避免过度的劳累，生活起居有常。对于胆道系统疾病引起的上腹部疼痛，特别是有症状的胆囊的结石等，要进行包括手术在内的针对胆道系统疾病的治疗。如果有更严重的病因，包括胰腺的疾病或者肝脏的疾病，就需要采取一些相应的治疗措施。因此对于胃痛的治疗不仅仅是针对疼痛，更重要的是在于明确诊断，根据诊断的结果采取相应的保守治疗、药物治疗、理疗、手术等，平时不要吃一些油炸食品及腌制食物等不健康的东西。 |
急性化脓性乳腺炎的症状是什么？初期患者乳房肿胀疼痛；患处出现压痛性硬块，表面皮肤红热；同时可出现发热等全身症状。炎症继续发展，则上述症状加重，此时，疼痛呈搏动性，患者可有寒战、高热、脉搏加快等。患侧腋窝淋巴结常肿大，并有压痛。白细胞计数明显增高及核左移。炎症肿块常在数日内软化形成脓肿，表浅的脓肿可触及波动，深部的脓肿需穿刺才能确定。乳房脓肿可以是单房性的，也可因未及时引流而扩展为多房性的；或自外穿破皮肤，或脓肿破溃入乳管形成乳头溢脓；同一乳房也可同时存在数个病灶而形成多个脓肿。深部脓肿除缓慢向外破溃外，也可向深部穿至乳房与胸肌间的疏松组织中，形成乳房后脓肿。严重急性乳房炎可导致乳房组织大块坏死，甚至并发败血症。 |
The Democratic Party of Vietnam () was a political party in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (later only North Vietnam). It was founded on 30 July 1944 to unite petite bourgeoisie and intelligentsia in support of the Vietminh and in effect its satellite party. It was a member of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and was represented in the Vietnamese parliament and government, its leader were Dương Đức Hiền and Nghiêm Xuân Yêm. The party (along with the other 'non-communist' party in Vietnam, the Socialist Party) was disbanded in 1988.
In 2006, a dissident organization with the same name was established. Hoàng Minh Chính, a member of the former Democratic Party, was involved in its founding.
History
This party was established in 1944, when Vietnam was still occupied by France. In 1945, it gained independence as Democratic Republic of Vietnam. It was a member of Vietnamese Fatherland Front and fought against France in a war for independence. During 1955–1988, it was one of only three parties that were allowed to operate in North Vietnam and then the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It dissolved in 1988.
Ideologies
Its ideologies included social democracy, socialism and Marxism–Leninism. Nationalism was also one of DPV's ideologies. Its position ranges from centre-left to left-wing.
References
Länder der Erde. Politisch-ökonomisches Handbuch. Berlin [Ost], 1971.
1940s in French Indochina
1944 establishments in French Indochina
1944 establishments in Vietnam
1950s in French Indochina
1988 disestablishments in Vietnam
Defunct political parties in Vietnam
Political parties disestablished in 1988
Political parties established in 1944
Socialist parties in Vietnam |
陳翕（，），是越南陳朝開國皇帝陳太宗陳煚的曾祖父。
陳翕之父陈京原是中国（宋朝）闽人，一說桂林人。陳京移居越南即墨乡（今越南南定省美禄县），開始世代从事渔业。陳翕之子陈李的女兒嫁給李惠宗，陈氏成为外戚之家。陈李之子陈嗣庆、陈承先后掌握李朝朝政。1226年1月11日，陈承次子陈煚登基，建立陳朝，准尊陈翕諡號恭王；到陳英宗時，於興隆二十年（1312年）加庙号寧祖，改稱寧祖皇帝。
家族
父：陈京
母：穆慈皇后
妻：寧慈皇后
弟：陳果
子：陳李
孫：陳承、陳嗣慶
從孫：陳守度（陳果之孫）
曾孫：陳太宗
参考文献
越南追尊君主
越南李朝人
陈姓 |
多源性房性心动过速的诊断是什么？主要依靠心电图诊断：1.成人多源性房性心动过速心电图特点(1)在同一导联上有3种或3种以上不同形态的P′波，P′波清楚可见。没有一种P′波被认为是主要的，即无主导起搏点。(2)P′-P′间期有等电位线，P′-P′间期、R-R间期完全不等。(3)P′-R间期不等、多变。(4)心房率为100～250次/min，一般在160次/min以上，偶有低于100次/min者。较通常的房性心动过速慢。其发作也大多非突然开始、突然终止。极少数也可呈突然发作、突然终止。(5)常伴有较明显的房室传导阻滞,故心室率亦较慢。(6)心房激动P′波均可下传到心室,但也偶有P’波不能下传到心室者。(7)QRS波形态多在正常范围内，偶也可有束支传导阻滞的波形。由于不同形态的P′波,意味着发自心房的不同部位的激动，故名为多源性房性心动过速。有学者认为，它常由多源性房性期前收缩发展而来。MAT常伴有其他类型的房性心律失常，是心电图的特点之一。常伴有单源或多源性房性期前收缩、心房颤动、心房扑动，但它们之间没有明显的先后顺序关系。MAT的心电图上可见到窦房结受抑制现象。例如可出现窦性停搏、窦房阻滞甚至心搏暂停，其原因可能是过速的异位心房律引起的超速抑制所致。2.小儿多源性房性心动过速心电图特点 基本与成年人相同，但小儿的心房率较快，为140～300次/min，平均为210次/min;心室率为110～200次/min，平均为131次/min。 |
什么原因导致卵巢早衰?？卵巢早衰是一个妇科内分泌方面的疾病名称，是卵巢的功能在40岁以前就提早出现衰退情况，称之为卵巢早衰。女性一生不同的年龄，卵巢的功能是不一样的，例如青春期的女性，卵巢功能是从幼稚期向成熟期的逐渐转变，达到育龄期的时候，卵巢的功能是最成熟的，也就是最鼎盛的时候。在35岁以后，卵巢的功能会逐渐衰退，到45岁以上的时候逐渐的衰竭而形成绝经，这个是一个正常的卵巢衰老的过程。如果在40岁之前就出现了绝经期的症状，例如潮热出汗、月经停闭等等一系列的症状时，就称之为卵巢早衰。卵巢早衰的原因主要有以下几点：1、患者存在遗传性因素：可能患者存在染色体异常或者基因突变等等，这些情况可以通过相应的检验，可以进行明确诊断；2、免疫因素：有20%的卵巢早衰患者，可能会存在自身免疫性疾病，表现的疾病症状也不是特别雷同，所以需要进行相应的检查；3、感染因素：患者可能会感染致病菌或者一些病毒，或者感染结核、水痘等等，这些情况也可能严重的时候，会造成卵巢功能早衰；4、医源性因素：医源性是因为患者患有某些复合性的疾病，需要进行卵巢切除手术，或者由于癌症，术后需要进行放疗或者化疗等因素，这些情况叫做医源性的，它往往会造成卵巢早衰；5、环境和心理因素：有一些女性过度进行减肥或者吸烟、酗酒，或者因为工作压力大等等造成抑郁、失眠等等，这些因素也可能会造成卵巢早衰；6、特发性因素：原因不明。卵巢早衰病人的注意事项如下：1、注意营养均衡，多食用富含钙质、雌激素的食物，要喝牛奶，吃点豆制品；2、预防原发病，如甲状旁腺功能减退、糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征，患病以后，一定要及时对症治疗；3、注意锻炼，适当运动，多做有氧运动，可以促进新陈代谢，延缓机体衰老，日常可以进行跑步、游泳运动，保持心情愉快，避免心理压力过大，保持精神愉悦；4、养成良好的生活习惯，要戒烟、忌酒、避免熬夜、远离咖啡、酒等刺激性食物。 |
圣若望二十三世堂（）是一座现代风格的罗马天主教教堂，附属于意大利伦巴第大区贝加莫新建的若望二十三世医院。该堂由建筑师艾美利克·祖布莱纳、皮波·特拉维西和费迪南多·特拉维西设计，于2014年祝圣。
祭坛后面是三联画十字架，由安德烈亚·马斯特罗维托在多层玻璃上绘制。在画面中心，十字架的脚下，是一只孔雀。在右侧的画面中，若望二十三世安慰哀痛的人。墙壁上是斯特凡诺·阿里恩蒂的单色壁画，寓意绿树成荫的森林。艺术家费拉罗·弗雷斯根据漢斯·梅姆林的绘画，创作了一幅苦路。
参考
貝加莫教堂 |
Luís Alberto Maguito Vilela (24 January 1949 – 13 January 2021) was a Brazilian politician who served as a Senator, and was mayor of Goiânia.
Biography
Vilela was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He was Governor of Goiás from 1995 to 1998. He was also a member of the Brazilian Senate from 1999 to 2007. For a short time in January 2021, Vilela was Mayor of Goiânia.
He died on 13 January 2021, aged 71 in São Paulo from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo.
References
|-
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|-
1949 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)
Mayors of Goiânia |
中氮茚，又称吲嗪、吲哚嗪（Indolizine），是含有环合氮的六并五杂环体系，吲哚异构体之一，有芳香性，为完全共轭的10π电子体系。
芳香性的中氮茚环在自然界中是比较罕见的，但它完全氢化的产物中氮茚烷是普遍的，存在于很多生物碱中。
化学性质
中氮茚环是富电子的，主要发生亲电取代，活性与吲哚相仿，优先在 C-3 进行，但也有可能在 C-1 上。中氮茚不与亲核试剂作用，也一般不能发生卤素的亲核置换反应。
中氮茚及其简单烷基衍生物对光敏感，在空气中容易被氧化，导致环系被破坏。
合成
2-烷基吡啶与 α-卤代酮发生季铵化作用，生成的 α-甲基吡啶盐在碱作用下关环，得到中氮茚。
参考资料
外部链接
中氮茚环的合成 |
请对日本血吸虫病进行疾病描述？日本血吸虫病是日本血吸虫寄生在门静脉系统所引起的疾病。由皮肤接触含尾蚴疫水而感染，主要病变为肝与结肠由虫卵引起的肉牙肿。急性期病人有发热肝肿大与压痛，腹泻或脓血便，血中嗜酸性粒细胞显著增多。免刑期以肝脾肿大为主。晚期则以门静脉周围纤维化病变为主可发展为门静脉高压症，巨脾与腹水。 |
James Maxwell Anderson (December 15, 1888 – February 28, 1959) was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist, and lyricist.
Anderson faced many challenges in his career, frequently losing jobs for expressing his opinions or supporting controversial figures. Despite this, he found success as a dramatist and wrote a number of hit plays, including What Price Glory, Both Your Houses, and The Bad Seed. Many of his works were adapted for the screen, and he wrote screenplays for other authors' works as well. Anderson was married three times and had a tumultuous personal life, ultimately passing away in 1959 after suffering a stroke. His papers and personal effects can be found in various institutions, with the largest collection housed at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin.
Background
Anderson was born on December 15, 1888 in Atlantic, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children to William Lincoln "Link" Anderson, a Baptist minister, and Charlotte Perrimela ('Premely') Stephenson, both of Scotch-Irish descent. His family initially lived on his maternal grandmother Sheperd's farm in Atlantic, then moved to Andover, Ohio, where his father became a railroad fireman while studying to become a minister. They moved often, to follow their father's ministerial posts, and Maxwell was frequently sick, missing a great deal of school. He used his time sick in bed to read voraciously, and both his parents and Aunt Emma were storytellers, which contributed to Anderson's love of literature.
During a visit to his grandmother's house in Atlantic, at age 11, he met the first love of his life, Hallie Loomis, a slightly older girl from a wealthier family. His autobiographical tale Morning, Winter and Night told of rape, incest and sadomasochism on the farm. It was published under the pseudonym John Nairne Michealson to prevent offending family. The Andersons lived in Andover, Ohio; Richmond Center, Ohio; Townville, Pennsylvania; Edinboro, Pennsylvania; McKeesport, Pennsylvania; New Brighton, Pennsylvania; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; and Jamestown, North Dakota. Anderson attended Jamestown High School, graduating in 1908.
Career
Journalist
As an undergraduate, Anderson waited tables and worked at the night copy desk of the Grand Forks Herald, and he was active in the school's literary and dramatic societies. He obtained a BA in English Literature from the University of North Dakota in 1911. Anderson became the principal of a high school in Minnewaukan, North Dakota, also teaching English there, but was fired in 1913 for making pacifist statements to his students. He then entered Stanford University, obtaining an Master's degree in English Literature in 1914. He became a high school English teacher in San Francisco. After three years, Anderson became chairman of the English department at Whittier College in 1917. He was fired after a year for public statements supporting Arthur Camp, a jailed student seeking status as a conscientious objector.
Anderson moved to Palo Alto to write for the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, but he was fired for writing an editorial stating that it would be impossible for Germany to pay its war debt. He then moved to San Francisco to write for the San Francisco Chronicle, but he was fired after contracting the Spanish flu and missing work. Alvin S. Johnson hired Anderson to move to New York City and write about politics for The New Republic in 1918, but he was fired after an argument with Editor-in-Chief Herbert David Croly.
Anderson found work at The New York Globe,and the New York World. In 1921, he founded The Measure: A Journal of Poetry, a magazine devoted to verse. Anderson wrote White Desert, his first play, in 1923; it ran only 12 performances, but it was well-reviewed by Laurence Stallings, the book reviewer for the New York World, who collaborated with him on his next play What Price Glory?, which was successfully produced in 1924 in New York City. Afterward, he resigned from the World, launching his career as a dramatist.
Dramatist
His plays are in widely varying styles, and Anderson was one of the few modern playwrights to make extensive use of blank verse. Some of these were adapted as films, and Anderson wrote the screenplays of other authors' plays and novels – All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and Death Takes a Holiday (1934) – in addition to books of poetry and essays. His first Broadway hit was the 1924 World War I comedy-drama, What Price Glory, written with Laurence Stallings. The play made use of profanity, which caused censors to protest. However, the chief censor (Rear Admiral Charles Peshall Plunkett) was discredited because he was found to have written far more obscene letters to General Chamberlaine.
The only one of his plays that he adapted to the screen was Joan of Lorraine, which became the film Joan of Arc (1948), starring Ingrid Bergman, with a screenplay by Anderson and Andrew Solt. When Bergman and her director changed much of his dialogue to make Joan "a plaster saint", he called her a "big, dumb, goddamn Swede!" Anderson was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1933 for his political drama Both Your Houses, and twice received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, for Winterset, and High Tor.
Anderson enjoyed great commercial success with a series of plays set during the reign of the Tudor family, who ruled England, Wales and Ireland from 1485 until 1603. One play in particular – Anne of the Thousand Days – the story of Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn – was a hit on the stage in 1948, but did not reach movie screens for 21 years. It opened on Broadway starring Rex Harrison and Joyce Redman, and it became a 1969 movie with Richard Burton and Geneviève Bujold.
Elizabeth the Queen opened in 1930 with Lynn Fontanne as Elizabeth and Alfred Lunt as Lord Essex. It was adapted to the screen as The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939), starring Bette Davis and Errol Flynn. Directed by John Ford, Mary of Scotland (1936) was an adaptation of his play of the same name involving Elizabeth I, starring Katharine Hepburn as Mary, Queen of Scots, Fredric March as the Earl of Bothwell, and Florence Eldridge as Elizabeth. The original play had been a hit on Broadway with Helen Hayes in the title role.
His play The Wingless Victory was written in verse and premiered in 1936 with Broadway actress Katharine Cornell in the lead role. It received mixed reviews.
Adaptations
Two of Anderson's other historical plays, Valley Forge, about George Washington's winter there with the Continental Army, and Barefoot in Athens, concerning the trial of Socrates, were adapted for television. Valley Forge was adapted for television on three occasions – in 1950, 1951 and 1975. Anderson wrote book and lyrics for two successful musicals with composer Kurt Weill. Knickerbocker Holiday, about the early Dutch settlers of New York, featured Walter Huston as Peter Stuyvesant. The show's standout number "September Song" became a popular standard. So did the title song of Anderson and Weill's Lost in the Stars, a story of South Africa based on the Alan Paton novel Cry, The Beloved Country. In 1950, Anderson and Weill began collaboration on a musical adaptation of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn, but Weill died when only a few songs had been completed for it.
Saturday's Children, Anderson's long-running 1927 comedy-drama about married life, in which Humphrey Bogart made an early appearance, was filmed three times – in 1929 as a part-talkie, in 1935 (in almost unrecognizable form) as a B-film Maybe It's Love, and again in 1940 under its original title, starring John Garfield in one of his few romantic comedies. The play was adapted for television in three condensed versions in 1950, 1952 and 1962.
His last successful Broadway stage play was 1954's The Bad Seed, Anderson's adaption of the William March novel. He was hired by Alfred Hitchcock to write the screenplay for Hitchcock's The Wrong Man (1957). Hitchcock also contracted with Anderson to write the screenplay for what became Vertigo (1958), but Hitchcock rejected his screenplay Darkling, I Listen.
Personal life and death
Anderson married Margaret Haskett, a classmate, on August 1, 1911 in Bottineau, North Dakota. They had three sons, Quentin, Alan, and Terence.
In 1929, Anderson wrote Gypsy, what would prove to be a prophetic play about a vain, neurotic liar who cheats on her husband then commits suicide by inhaling gas after he catches her. It is around this same time, circa 1930, that Anderson began a relationship with a married actress, Gertrude Higger (married name, Mab Maynard, stage name Mab Anthony). The affair led Anderson to split with Haskett, who later died in 1931 following a car accident and stroke.
Mab divorced her husband, singer Charles V. Maynard, and moved in with Anderson. She was a significant help with clerical duties, but had expensive tastes and spent Anderson's money freely. Their daughter Hesper was born August 1934. Anderson left Maynard following the discovery of her affair with Max's friend, TV producer Jerry Stagg. The combination of losing Anderson, their massive tax debt, and the loss of her home proved too much for Mab, who on March 21, 1953, after several unsuccessful attempts, committed suicide by breathing car exhaust. Hesper wrote a book, South Mountain Road: A Daughter's Journey of Discovery describing how following her mother's suicide, she unearthed the fact that her parents never married.
Anderson then married Gilda Hazard on June 6, 1954. This marriage was a happy one, lasting until Anderson's 1959 death.
Anderson was an atheist.
Anderson died in Stamford, Connecticut on February 28, 1959, two days after suffering a stroke, aged 70. He was cremated. Half of his ashes were scattered by the sea near his home in Stamford. The other half was buried in Anderson Cemetery near his birthplace in rural northwestern Pennsylvania. The inscription on his tombstone reads: Children of dust astray among the stars Children of earth adrift upon the night What is there in our darkness or our light To linger in prose or claim a singing breath Save the curt history of life isled in death
Awards
Honorary awards include the gold medal in Drama from the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1954, an honorary doctor of literature degree from Columbia University in 1946, and an honorary doctor of humanities degree from the University of North Dakota in 1958.
Archive
The largest collection of Maxwell Anderson's papers – over sixty boxes – is housed at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin and includes published and unpublished manuscript materials for plays, poems, and essays, as well as over 2,000 letters, diaries, financial papers, nearly 1,500 family photographs, and personal memorabilia are preserved along with 160 books from the playwright's library. The archive was placed at the Ransom Center in 1961 by Anderson's widow, Mrs. Gilda Hazard Anderson. Smaller collections of Anderson's papers can be found at institutions around the world, including the Chester Fritz Library, the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Works
Stage productions
White Desert – 1923
What Price Glory – 1924 (with Laurence Stallings) – a war drama
First Flight – 1925 (with Laurence Stallings)
The Buccaneer – 1925 (with Laurence Stallings)
Outside Looking In – 1925
Saturday's Children – 1927
Gods of the Lightning – 1929 (with Harold Hickerson)
Gypsy – 1929
Elizabeth the Queen – 1930 – a historical drama in blank verse
Night Over Taos – 1932
Both Your Houses – 1933 – Pulitzer Prize for Drama
Mary of Scotland – 1933 – a historical drama in blank verse
Valley Forge – 1934
Winterset – 1935 – New York Drama Critics' Circle Award
The Masque of Kings – 1936
The Wingless Victory – 1936
The Star-Wagon – 1937
High Tor – 1937 New York Drama Critics Circle Award
The Feast of Ortolans – 1937 – one-act play
Knickerbocker Holiday – 1938 – book and lyrics
Second Overture – 1938 – one-act play
Key Largo – 1939
Journey to Jerusalem – 1940
Candle in the Wind – 1941
The Miracle of the Danube – 1941 – one-act play
The Eve of St. Mark – 1942
Your Navy – 1942 – one-act play
Storm Operation – 1944
Letter to Jackie – 1944 – one-act play
Truckline Café – 1946
Joan of Lorraine (partially written in blank verse) – 1946
Anne of the Thousand Days – 1948 – a historical drama in blank verse
Lost in the Stars – 1949 – book and lyrics
Barefoot in Athens – 1951
The Bad Seed – 1954
High Tor – 1956 (TV score)
The Day the Money Stopped – 1958 – (with Brendan Gill)
The Golden Six – 1958
Filmography
What Price Glory – 1926 – film
Saturday's Children – 1929 – play
The Cock-Eyed World – 1929 – story
All Quiet on the Western Front – 1930 – adaptation & dialogue
The Guardsman – 1931 – one scene from Elizabeth the Queen is featured, just after the opening credits of the film
Rain – 1932 – adaptation
Washington Merry-Go-Round – 1932 – story
Death Takes a Holiday – 1934 (screenplay only; the play was written in Italian by Alberto Casella and translated into English by Walter Ferris)
We Live Again – 1934 – adaptation, from Tolstoy's Resurrection
The Lives of a Bengal Lancer – 1935 – uncredited contributing writer
Maybe It's Love – 1935 – play Saturday's Children
So Red the Rose – 1935 – screenplay
Mary of Scotland – 1936 – play
Winterset – 1936 – play
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex – 1939 – play
Key Largo – 1939 – play (almost completely rewritten for the 1948 film of the same name)
Saturday's Children – 1940 – play
Knickerbocker Holiday – 1944 – play
The Eve of St. Mark – 1944 – play
Winterset – 1945 – TV – play
A la sombra del puente – 1946 – play
Joan of Lorraine - 1946 – play
Joan of Arc – 1948 – screenplay (revised from the 1946 play Joan of Lorraine)
Pulitzer Prize Playhouse – 1950 TV Series – play – four episodes
Celanese Theatre – 1951 TV Series – play – two episodes
What Price Glory? – 1952 – play
The Alcoa Hour – 1955 TV Series – play – episode "Key Largo"
The Bad Seed – 1956 – play
The Wrong Man – 1956 – novel The True Story of Christopher Emmanuel Balestrero
Never Steal Anything Small – 1959 – play The Devil's Hornpipe
Ben-Hur – 1959 – uncredited
Barefoot in Athens – 1966 – TV – play
The Star Wagon – 1967 – TV – play
Elizabeth the Queen – 1968 – TV – play
Anne of the Thousand Days – 1969 – play
Valley Forge – 1975 – TV – play
Lost in the Stars – 1974 – play
The Bad Seed – 1985 – TV – play
Meet Joe Black (1998) (earlier screenplay) (inspiration)
Lyrics
"September Song" (from Knickerbocker Holiday)
"Lost in the Stars" (from Lost in the Stars)
"Cry, The Beloved Country"(from Lost in the Stars)
"When You're in Love"
"There's Nowhere to Go but Up"
"It Never Was You"
"Stay Well"
"Trouble Man" (from Lost in the Stars)
"Thousands of Miles"
Poetry and essays
You Who Have Dreams – 1925 – poetry
The Essence of Tragedy and Other Footnotes and Papers – 1939 – essays
Off Broadway Essays About the Theatre – 1947 – essays
Notes on a Dream – 1972 – poetry
See also
Maxwell L. Anderson
References
External links
Maxwell Anderson Papers and the Alfred S. Shivers Collection of Maxwell Anderson Research Materials at the Harry Ransom Center
The National Cyclopedia of American Biography vol. 60: pp. 323–325
Cox, Martha (1958, repr. 1974) Maxwell Anderson Bibliography Charlottesville, Virginia: Bibliographical Society.
Johnson, Alan (1986) Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement Six. New York: Scribners. pp. 14–16
Shivers, Alfred S. (1983) The Life of Maxwell Anderson. New York: Stein and Day.
Finding aid to Maxwell Anderson papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
1888 births
1959 deaths
American atheists
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
University of North Dakota alumni
Writers from Stamford, Connecticut
People from Jamestown, North Dakota
People from Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Writers from North Dakota
Writers from Pennsylvania
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male writers
People from Andover, Ohio |
Daniel Brückner (born 14 February 1981) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Niendorfer TSV.
International career
Although born in Germany, Brückner's father is Algerian and the player has indicated that he has received Algerian citizenship and is interested in representing the country in international competition.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Rostock
Men's association football midfielders
Algerian men's footballers
German men's footballers
German people of Algerian descent
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt players
SC Paderborn 07 players
SV Werder Bremen II players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Bundesliga players
Hamburg-Eimsbütteler Ballspiel-Club players |
小行星7801（7801 Goretti）是一颗绕太阳运转的小行星，为主小行星带小行星。该小行星于1996年4月12日发现。
轨道参数
小行星7801的轨道半长轴为2.6457227 UA，离心率为0.252。
参考文献
小行星带天体 |
Białe Błoto is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Winnica, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Villages in Pułtusk County |
瞿布羅（泰米爾語：கோபுரம்；泰盧固語：గోపురం；坎納達語：ಗೋಪುರ；馬拉雅拉姆語：ഗോപുരം；高棉語：គោបុរៈ）原指達羅毗荼風格的神廟塔門，後傳至東南亞也指代高棉、爪哇、巴厘風格的印度敎神廟門樓。
印度南部
達羅毗荼塔门的建造始於帕拉瓦王朝。直至10世紀，它仍然具有相對素樸的典型門樓結構。然而，自13世紀中葉起，瞿布羅塔门的屋頂開始變得繁雜，多彩繪，層數多，屋頂高度遠超塔门主體高度，遠觀如同九龍寨城。
東南亞也有不少泰米爾移民建造的近現代瞿布羅。
高棉
高棉風格神殿的門樓，尤其是吳哥時期風格神殿的門樓往往銜接圍廊（高棉語ថែវ，撰寫：tʰaev，拼音：thaew）而非圍墻，且屋頂最多衹有一到兩層裝飾，或南印度早期的素風格，或具有高棉人自有的風格。
印度教寺廟
門 (建築物) |
Filmow is a Brazil-based collaborative social network where users list the films and series they have watched or would like to watch, having the option of giving a review of up to 5 stars. The user shares its registered film library with friends. In addition, the site also has the basic functions of a social network where the user can meet new people and make new friends. It was founded by Alisson Patrício and Thais Lima, and it was launched on April 1, 2009.
Website
Filmow allows all users, whether registered or not, to access any title information from the website database, making it a free for research, where anyone can seek information (cast, trailers, posters, reviews...), but only those who register the site can set up a profile and enjoy all the social functions. The site creates a detailed profile of each user's movie taste, gathering and displaying movies and favorite artists and also the movies the user have seen, want to see and doesn't want see. Furthermore, users can also share their opinions about the movies, series and novels through assessments on each title's own page. If a title is not found on the site, users can add their own.
History
In 2008, Thais Lima met Skoob, a social network dedicated to literature, and then had the idea of a social network focused on movies. She showed her idea to her childhood friend Alisson Patrício, who readily approved the idea, and the two soon began working on the project. The project started very small, without foreign investment, and the work done in their spare time, with all the programming done by Alisson, but when the site began to grow they called their friend Wanderson Niquini to join the project with them and help in spreading the website. Rogério Bonfim joined Filmow in 2011 to bring Filmow to next level. They opened an office in São Paulo.
References
External links
Brazilian social networking websites
Social cataloging applications
Internet properties established in 2009 |
帕米尔黄堇（学名：），为罂粟科紫堇属下的一个植物种。
参考资料
P |
睾丸损伤后视力下降怎么办？睾丸损伤这样的疾病发生之后不仅不好治疗，而且这样的疾病很容易反复的发作，让患者饱受了折磨和痛苦，所以对于这样的疾病我们需要在患病的时候更加正确的去治疗疾病，那么睾丸损伤后视力下降怎么办呢？接下来我们一起来看看吧。睾丸破裂坏死的患者多为中、青年人。他们不论来自农村还是城镇，都处于家庭和事业的顶峰。当他们得知需进行急诊手术切除的决定后，深感男子汉自我完整性被破坏，担心因性功能丧失，给爱情、婚姻、家庭等带来的种种危机，瞻念前途，不寒而栗，表现为激动、痛苦、焦虑、恐惧，有的不思茶饭，情感脆弱，易激怒，有攻击对抗行为，如：拒绝治疗、护理，拒绝见人，破坏物品等。个别人甚至有轻生的念头。经常做眼保健操能改善视力下降问题，做好眼睛的保健工作非常重要，尽量控制用眼时间，长时间用眼会对眼睛造成损伤，甚至会导致患者视力下降，也会诱发各种严重的眼部疾病。西兰花：西兰花中含有丰富的维生素及纤维素，并且含有对眼睛有利的物质，多吃些西兰花能起到保护视力的作用，并且能降低患眼部疾病的风险，可以多吃些绿叶蔬菜，绿叶蔬菜对人体有好处，绿叶蔬菜能改善人体血液循环。胡萝卜：胡萝卜中含有丰富的胡萝卜素对眼睛有好处，因此大家要多吃些胡萝卜，胡萝卜能改善视力下降问题，并且能起到防治近视眼的作用，多吃胡萝卜能有效避免眼部疾病，鱼：经常吃鱼对人体好处多多，经常吃鱼具有养生保健的作用，并且具有防治疾病的功效，可以预防多种疾病，同时也可以起到提高视力的作用，视力下降人群可多吃些深海鱼类，增加各种微量元素的摄入量。以上便是关于睾丸损伤后视力下降怎么办的解答。患者睾丸损伤后要尽早做手术探查，不仅能清除血肿，防止感染。而且通过睾丸修补，大大降低睾丸切除率，从而减轻病人的心理负担和由自身免疫反应所致不育症。另外在饮食方面要注意营养的均衡，多吃胡萝卜，胡萝卜能改善视力下降问题，并且能起到防治近视眼的作用，多吃胡萝卜能有效避免眼部疾病。 |
詹姆斯一世（，），是15世纪苏格兰王国的君主、诗人，罗伯特三世之子。詹姆斯是斯图亚特王朝第一任真正试图掌握政权的君主，少年时被长期拘禁在英格兰。詹姆斯在英格兰监禁期间受过良好的教育，包括在伦敦塔、温莎城堡和其他英国城堡。他似乎总体上受到了良好的待遇，并对英国的治理方法产生了尊重。
被英格兰监禁
詹姆斯的父亲罗伯特三世继位后体弱多病，后来索性将军权交给了詹姆斯的兄长羅撒西公爵。1402年，大卫在与叔叔奧爾巴尼公爵羅伯特发生争执后，突然神秘死亡，据说是在某监狱中活活饿死。罗伯特三世开始担心年幼的继承人詹姆斯的安危，计划送他到盟友国法国暂避。
1406年初，他被秘密安排出行。但是阿尔巴尼公爵获悉了行踪，派出军队追击王太子。11岁的詹姆斯和他的几个随从被迫在福斯湾的一块大礁石上困居了一个月，才有船来将他接走。但是这艘船的动向也被透露给了英格兰，结果坐船在驶往法国的途中被英格兰战舰抓获，并向苏格兰索要赎金。罗伯特三世闻讯后悲痛而死，弟弟阿尔巴尼公爵摄政，但是拒绝支付赎金救回詹姆斯。于是詹姆斯被亨利四世关押于温莎城堡内，达18年之久。但是他从1406年起就是苏格兰名义上的君主。
1420年，阿尔巴尼公爵去世，苏格兰王国同意支付赎金。英格兰国王亨利五世逝世后，英苏两国和谈。作为协议的一部分，詹姆斯被释放，带着自己的新婚英格兰妻子琼（国王亨利六世的堂姑），返回苏格兰掌权。
国王时期
1424年5月2日，挂名国王18年多的詹姆斯在斯昆正式加冕，称“詹姆斯一世”。1425年，他在史特灵處決了和他的两个儿子。
在接下来的几年中，詹姆斯致力于限制苏格兰贵族的权力，同时扩大王权，希望能把苏格兰建立成一个中央集权的国家。由于他长期在英格兰的见闻，他试图效仿英格兰议会改造苏格兰政治。同时在外交上，他重新确立了与法兰西的“老同盟”，试图对抗英格兰。
他的改革措施遭到了很多贵族的激烈反对。反对者以詹姆斯祖父罗伯特二世与祖母的婚姻的合法性为由，开始重新质疑詹姆斯的父亲罗伯特三世的继承权。
遇刺身亡
1437年，詹姆斯一世被一群反叛的贵族刺杀于珀斯的黑衣修士修道院（Church of the Friars Preachers of Blessed Virgin and Saint Dominic at Perth或Blackfriars）。他曾试图从下水道的秘道逃走，不過他忘了，三天前他自己下令，封死了下水道的另一端，以避免网球落入其中。
詹姆斯一世死后，参与叛乱的贵族被大批处决。他6岁的儿子詹姆斯继位，称詹姆斯二世。
文学才能
据信，詹姆斯是著名苏格兰诗歌《》的作者，一般认为是他在被囚禁期间所著，是苏格兰文学最早期的重要作品。
參考資料
来源
蘇格蘭君主
英国诗人
英國遇刺身亡者
伦敦塔囚徒
斯图亚特王朝
14世纪苏格兰人
遇刺身亡的欧洲君主 |
Golestan Sara (, also Romanized as Golestān Sarā) is a village in Khara Rud Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 64, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Siahkal County |
皮肤起对称的小红点是怎么回事？皮肤起对称的小红点可能是由湿疹引起的。湿疹是由多种内外因素引起的瘙痒剧烈的一种皮肤炎症反应。分急性、亚急性、慢性三期。急性期具渗出倾向，慢性期则浸润、肥厚。有些病人直接表现为慢性湿疹。皮损具有多形性、对称性、瘙痒和易反复发作等特点。引起湿疹的原因有：一、来自外部的因素，比方说常年居于北方的人，去了南方换了生活环境，或者有的人机体抵抗力比较低，换季就容易起湿疹，或者吃了某些敏感食物等等都可能会引起湿疹。二、来自于外部的刺激，比方说有的人曝晒阳光就会起湿疹，或者有的人接触冷水太多会起湿疹，或者是一些羽毛类物质的刺激引发湿疹等等。三、来自人体内部的原因，比方说经常性的焦虑、睡眠质量很差、心情波动幅度很大等等。湿疹的危害：1.损坏皮肤，长期湿疹的危害性是损坏皮肤，如果长期不处理，也是会让皮肤内有细菌的。严重的还会让皮肤腐烂的。所以长期湿疹的人，是需要去检查皮肤科的。因为通过抽血检查，是可以检查到皮肤是因为什么原因而导致的长期湿疹的。一定不能忽略皮肤病这个严重的疾病。2.身体发痒，长期湿疹也是会让身体发痒的。因为长期湿疹，皮肤已经受到伤害了，如果没有处理，皮肤也会很痒的。尤其是睡觉时，瘙痒度是很明显的，严重还会影响到人的正常作息，影响人的身体健康。入睡时候，也会忍不住要抓，会产生细菌的。3.影响胃口，很多人没有意识到长期湿疹的危害性，就是影响到胃口。可能很多人想不清楚，皮肤为什么和人的胃口是相关的。因为长期湿疹，皮肤对体内也产生了一种细菌，是会导致胃口越来越差的。 |
和碩可以指：
满语爵位封号和硕（），兼“隅、角”之意。
和硕贝勒，后金时期担任八旗旗主的贝勒，入清后该爵位取消
和硕亲王，妻子按制度封和硕福晋
和碩公主，丈夫按制度称和硕额驸
和硕县，和硕为和硕特（hôshûûd）之省读
和碩聯合科技
豪袖乌（ hôxûû(n)）之别译，指鸟喙、军事组织或行政区划，与上述概念语源不同。在蒙古语喀喇沁方言中，和硕（特）县之“硕”与豪袖乌之“袖”声母不同，“”为翘舌的“疏”，“”为腭化的“袖”。 |
更年期失眠怎样治疗较好？更年期失眠是更年期卵巢雌激素分泌逐渐减少及垂体促性腺激素增多，造成神经内分泌一时性失调，下丘脑—垂体—卵巢轴反馈系统失调和自主神经系统功能紊乱，产生抑郁、焦虑症，这些往往是产生失眠的主要原因。患者现在的情况可以采用中医中药的辨证配伍治疗，综合调理脏腑功能，平衡阴阳调节情志，可以逐渐康复的。更年期失眠的原因有以下几点：1、晚餐过量。如果你晚餐丰盛油腻吃得太多太晚，延长胃内排空时间，胃、肠、肝、胆、胰等器官在餐后的紧张工作会传送信息给大脑，引起大脑活跃，并扩散到大脑皮层其他部位，致使夜里无法好好睡觉，导致失眠。2、睡前喝酒。许多人往往喜欢睡前小酌一杯，付出的代价可能是半夜醒来数次，睡眠质量严重受损，这可能与酒精抑制其快速动眼期有关，导致深睡期很短或几乎没有。有酗酒习惯的人，即使花很多时间在床上，睡眠质量仍会很差，长此以往将导致严重失眠。3、食用过多产气的食物。辛辣食物干扰睡眠，辣椒、大蒜及生洋葱等辛辣的食物会造成某些人胃部灼热及消化不良，从而造成失眠。过多食用含咖啡因饮料或食物常是导致失眠的诱因。特别对于一些咖啡因敏感的人，即使只是午后的一杯热可可，也足以使之辗转难眠。此外，咖啡因的利尿作用也会使你想睡个好觉的希望落空。更年期失眠的应对措施：首先，每天为自己做一些保健工作，如每天按摩太阳穴，也可以用保健木梳梳头5分钟，从而保持心情舒畅，解除烦恼，消除思想顾虑。其次，在饮食上也要有所注意，尤其是要注意营养的摄入。其三，就是足疗，这也包括两个方面。第一，敷足疗法；第二，足浴疗法。可以说更年期失眠的疗法是各种各样的，重要的是看你选择那种治疗方法，以及看你有没有耐心坚持。 |
夫譚（），春秋時期越國的首任君主。死後由其子允常當位。
注释
春秋人
越國君主 |
USS Pivot (AM-276), an , and the first ship of the United States Navy named Pivot. She was built at the Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, Chickasaw, Alabama and christened on 11 November 1943 by Mrs Clara L Prouty. Trials started on 12 July 1944 in the Gulf of Mexico and she worked up in Chesapeake Bay.
After shakedown, she operated with the Atlantic Fleet training and patrolling until sailing for the Pacific early in April 1945. She transited the Panama Canal on 10 April 1945 and after training in Hawaiian waters reached the war zone in time for mine sweeping operations around the Ryukyus after the Battle of Okinawa.
She supported Admiral Marc Mitscher's Fast Carrier Task Force during the strikes against Japan in July and operated in Korean waters after Japan's surrender, returning to Okinawa in October and resumed mine sweeping operations in the Ryukyus and receiving four battle stars for World War II.
Pivot was decommissioned 6 November 1946 at Subic Bay, Philippines, sold to Taiwan 27 August 1948 and renamed ROCS Yung Shou. On 1 July 1970, Yung Shou was decommissioned.
Images
References
External links
Admirable-class minesweepers
Ships built in Chickasaw, Alabama
1943 ships
World War II minesweepers of the United States
Admirable-class minesweepers of the Republic of China Navy |
鉴别——白芥子与黄芥子？性状1.白芥子：呈球形，直径1.5～2.5mm。表面灰白色至淡黄色。具细微的网纹，有明显的点状种脐。种皮薄而脆，破开后内有白色折叠的子叶，有油性。无臭，味辛辣。2.黄芥子：较小，直径1～2mm。表面黄色至棕黄色，少数呈暗红棕色。研碎后加水浸湿，则产生辛烈的特异臭气。本品横切面1.白芥子：种皮表皮为黏液细胞，有黏液质纹理；下皮为2列厚角细胞；栅状细胞1 列，内壁及侧壁增厚，外壁菲薄。内胚乳为1 列类方形细胞，含糊粉粒。子叶及胚根薄壁细胞含脂肪油滴和糊粉粒。2.黄芥子：种皮表皮细胞切向延长；下皮为1 列菲薄的细胞。 |
Club Deportivo Santa Amalia is a Spanish football team based in Santa Amalia, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. Founded in 1969, they play in Primera División Extremeña – Group 3, holding home games at Estadio Municipal.
Season to season
22 seasons in Tercera División
External links
Futbolme team profile
Football clubs in Extremadura
Association football clubs established in 1969
1969 establishments in Spain
Province of Badajoz |
田町（）是日本東京都港區的廢止町名。1947年以降冠稱芝，有1-9丁目。現在是田町車站周邊地域的通稱名。
地理
田町是東京都港區的廢止町名，相當於現在的芝5丁目、三田3丁目、芝浦3・4丁目。
歷史
原本是荏原郡上高輪村之內，沿東海道形成的細長之町，（寛文2年），由町奉行支配。江戶時代，作為旗本屋敷整備，有薩摩藩下屋敷等。1936年（昭和11年），一部町域成為西芝浦1-4丁目（現在的芝浦3・4丁目之一部）。1964年（昭和39年），一部町域成為現行的芝5丁目，1967年（昭和42年），殘部成為三田3丁目，作為町名的田町被廢止。
地名由來
在田畑之地成立的町是地名的由來。現在是教育機關、文教設施多的地域。
設施
芝稅務署
港區立三田図書館
森永製菓本社
日本電氣本社
NTT都市開發
交通
JR山手線、京濱東北線的「田町車站」和地下鐵三田線、淺草線的「三田車站」、都營巴士等。
脚注
關連項目
JULIANA東京
田町車輛中心
港區町名 (東京都)
東京都區部地區 |
全缘叶醉鱼草（学名：）为玄参科醉鱼草属的植物。分布于中国大陆的云南等地，生长于海拔2,000米至3,000米的地区，多生长在向阳山坡灌木丛中和林缘，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。
别名
缘叶醉鱼草（云南植物志） 羊耳枝（云南大理）
参考文献
全缘叶醉鱼草 |
脸上经常长很大的痤疮怎么办？痤疮来了又走，走了又来，周而复始地出现，大部分的情况都是与血热湿毒有关。当体内血液积累了为数较多的毒素时，血液中的携氧功能就会下降，从而导致血液循环不畅，直接影响皮肤细胞的正常代谢，令肌肤得不到所需要的氧份和营养，严重地破坏了皮肤细胞的代谢平衡。对于暴露在外的面部皮肤，更是容易受各种细菌和微生物的污染，进而堵塞毛孔，毒素堆积，进入恶性循环当中而饱受折磨。要想彻底地祛除痤疮，必须要选对方法，而现在较为行之有效的方法就是使用激光祛痤疮，这是采用先进的医学技术，采用特定频率的激光，进而穿透之痘痘内部丙酸杆菌所在的皮肤层，利用光热能量直接照射丙酸杆菌，在激光刺激丙酸杆菌的同时，更能刺激内源性淋巴大量的增生，因而成效十分显著。激光祛痘后，皮肤四周的胶原纤维和弹性更得到了重新排序，使皮肤彻底地改善缺陷，获得新生。值得一说的是，激光祛痘对医生的技术水平和医院的医疗设施要求甚高，因此在进行治疗时一定要选择正规权威的美容医疗机构进行咨询和治疗，以获得更好的手术方案和治疗效果。脸上经常长很大的痤疮在生活中一定要注意调理，平时要少食用麻辣、烧烤这些油腻的食物。保持清淡饮食，如果十分爱吃辣，可以尽量用一些调味食材来调味。不要加入太多的油和盐，在平时也可以多吃水果蔬菜，这样能为脸部提供充足的水分。保持良好的作息规律，早睡早起;适当的护肤;出现痤疮后一定要注意不要用手挠或者挤，不要经常摸脸。养成良好的生活习惯。 |
Rai 2是義大利廣播電視公司的三家主要電視頻道之一，其他兩個分別是Rai 1、Rai 3。Rai 2於1961年11月4日首播，政治上偏向意大利社會主義黨。Rai 2於2013年9月開始播出高清節目。Rai 2的主要新聞節目是TG2。
播放節目
TG2（新闻广播）
绝望的主妇
重返犯罪現場
海军罪案调查处：洛杉矶执法悍将法律與秩序仁心仁術歐洲歌唱大賽 （决赛至2015年）灵书妙探数字追凶大学生费莉希蒂史前逃龍童话镇
卡通
数码宝贝系列（2000-2013，现在移至Super!）
飛天小女警
妮嘉尋親記
光之美少女系列
天線寶寶
魔法俏佳人
閃電十一人
妖怪手錶系列 （妖怪手表的冒险）
東京喵喵
旋風四驅王
至Net奇兵 (Note: 第二、三、四季未播出）
老鼠記者 (動畫)
兒童專區
隨機/Cartoon Flakes （2005年-2014年）
Go-Cart mattina （1997年-2005年）
參考文獻
外部連結
Official Website
1961年建立的電視頻道和電臺
RAI电视频道
意大利語電視臺
義大利電視 |
张宝明（），黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，中华人民共和国政治人物、工程师。
生平
1963年9月，毕业于阜新矿业学院（现辽宁工程技术大学）矿建系测量专业毕业。1963年9月至1979年3月，任阜新矿务局海洲矿技术员、技术科副科长、生产科副科长、矿革委会副主任、副矿长。文化大革命期间，被冲击，1968年7月至1970年10月，在辽宁省阜新市彰武县阜新矿务局海洲矿“五七”农场劳动。1974年3月，加入中国共产党。1979年3月至1981年8月，任长春露天煤矿设计院采运室主任、党支部书记。1981年8月至1982年4月，任阜新矿务局海洲矿副矿长。
1982年4月至1986年8月，任阜新矿务局副局长、局长。1986年8月至1988年4月，任煤炭工业部副部长、党组成员。1988年4月至1993年4月，任中国统配煤矿总公司副总经理、党组成员。1993年4月至1996年4月，再任煤炭工业部副部长、党组成员。1996年4月至1998年3月，升任中华人民共和国煤炭工业部副部长、党组副书记。1998年3月至2000年3月，任国家煤炭工业局（国家煤矿安全局）局长、党组书记。2000年3月至2001年2月，任国家煤炭工业局局长、党组书记。2001年2月至2002年5月，任国家安全生产监督管理局（国家煤矿安全监察局）局长、党组书记。2003年3月当选为政协第十届全国委员会常务委员。
此外他担任中共第十五届中央候补委员。
参考
阜新矿业学院校友
中华人民共和国煤炭工业部副部长
国家煤炭工业局局长
中国国家安全生产监督管理局局长
中国共产党第十五届中央委员会候补委员
第十届全国政协常务委员
bao
齐齐哈尔人
中国共产党党员 (1974年入党) |
肛门外息肉和痔疮的区别？痔疮是人体直肠末端粘膜下和肛管皮肤下静脉丛发生扩张和屈曲所形成的柔软静脉团。多见于经常站立者和久坐者。通常当排便时持续用力，造成此处静脉内压力反复升高，静脉就会肿大。妇女在妊娠期，由于盆腔静脉受压迫，妨碍血液循环常会发生痔疮，许多肥胖的人也会罹患痔疮。痔疮分为内痔、外痔、混合痔，内痔采用注射治疗，外痔采用手术治疗，混合痔采用注射和手术相结合的方法治疗，而且手术的质量与医生的技术和经验有很大关系，患者还是到正规的肛肠专科医院手术，不可轻信广告或偏方等，平时注意养成良好的生活习惯，预防肛肠疾病的发生，如果患有痔疮，肛门内肿大扭曲的静脉壁就会变得很薄，因此排便时极易破裂。痔疮主要是看轻重程度。最好是调整饮食生活规律。多食用富含纤维的食物。多吃蔬菜水果谷类每天多吃蔬菜水果，多喝水，多吃如：香蕉，红薯，蜂蜜，芝麻油等润肠食物。还要戒酒和避免吃辛辣食物。息肉是人体组织上多余的肿块，约占消化道良性肿瘤的45～70%。肛门息肉是指发生在肛管或直肠粘膜上的新生物，多因粪便慢性刺激而引起，为常见的良性肿瘤。单发性居多，多发性的占少数。肛门息肉多数是带蒂的圆形或椭圆的肿物，可突入肠腔上下移动。其蒂的大部分是肠粘膜由于肠蠕动或粪便牵拉延长所致。不应把肌肉、脂肪里的肌瘤引起粘膜表面隆起的也叫做息肉，避免误把肿瘤当作息肉。肛门息肉早期症状主要有便血和脱出，有时候还伴随腹痛，尤其是小孩子。肛门息肉能早发现是非常重要的，因为治疗的早一天，就能好的快一天。如果肛门息肉没有及时检查，并且确诊良性，很有可能会癌变，所以尽快的做一个肠镜的检查是很有必要的。 |
The scientific name Diplotaxis may refer to:
Diplotaxis (beetle), a genus of scarab beetle
Diplotaxis (plant), a genus of crucifer |
小儿尤因肉瘤的鉴别诊断？关于本症的鉴别诊断，应考虑嗜伊红肉芽肿、网状细胞肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、溶骨型骨肉瘤、转移的神经母细胞瘤和白血病，同时本症亦应与骨髓炎鉴别，肿瘤的退行性变类似脓性分泌物，X线骨片的影像也易与骨髓炎混淆。 |
小行星3172（）是一颗围绕太阳公转的小行星。1981年11月24日，愛德華·鮑威爾在可可尼诺县发现了此天体。
这颗小行星的绝对星等为271.0662411114601等。
参考文献
小行星带天体
1981年发现的小行星 |
痿病的预防和治疗方法？1.独取阳明即指治痿病应重视调理脾胃，因脾胃为后天之本，肺之津液来源于脾胃，肝肾的精血来源于脾胃的生化，只有脾胃健运，津液精血之源生化，才能充养肢体筋脉，有助于痿病的康复。所谓调理不尽属于补益，脾胃虚弱者固当健脾益胃，而脾胃为湿热所困者，又当清胃火去湿热，皆属治阳明调理之法。所谓“独取”，乃重视之意，不应理解为“唯独”之法。2.泻南补北南方属火，北方属水，即指治痿病应重视滋阴清热，因肝肾精血不足，不独不能濡养筋脉，且阴虚则火旺，火旺则阴更亏，故滋阴可充养精血以润养筋骨，且滋阴有助降火;外感热毒，当清热解毒，火清热去则不再灼阴耗精，有存阴保津之效。若属虚火当滋阴以降火。若湿热当清热化湿而不伤阴。3.治兼夹怔在调理脾胃、滋阴清热的基础上，对痿病的兼夹证要予以兼顾治疗，视其所夹湿热、痰湿、瘀血、积滞等，分别治以清湿热、化痰浊、祛瘀血、消积滞或清郁热等，辨证论治，才能收效。 1.独取阳明即指治痿病应重视调理脾胃，因脾胃为后天之本，肺之津液来源于脾胃，肝肾的精血来源于脾胃的生化，只有脾胃健运，津液精血之源生化，才能充养肢体筋脉，有助于痿病的康复。所谓调理不尽属于补益，脾胃虚弱者固当健脾益胃，而脾胃为湿热所困者，又当清胃火去湿热，皆属治阳明调理之法。所谓“独取”，乃重视之意，不应理解为“唯独”之法。2.泻南补北南方属火，北方属水，即指治痿病应重视滋阴清热，因肝肾精血不足，不独不能濡养筋脉，且阴虚则火旺，火旺则阴更亏，故滋阴可充养精血以润养筋骨，且滋阴有助降火;外感热毒，当清热解毒，火清热去则不再灼阴耗精，有存阴保津之效。若属虚火当滋阴以降火。若湿热当清热化湿而不伤阴。3.治兼夹怔在调理脾胃、滋阴清热的基础上，对痿病的兼夹证要予以兼顾治疗，视其所夹湿热、痰湿、瘀血、积滞等，分别治以清湿热、化痰浊、祛瘀血、消积滞或清郁热等，辨证论治，才能收效。4.慎用风药因治风之剂，皆发散风邪，开通腠理之药，若误用之，阴血愈燥酿成坏病。至于因七情六欲太过而成痿者，必以调理气机为法，盖气化改善，百脉皆通，其病可愈。即吴师机所谓“气血流通即是补”之理。 |
天疱疮会有什么并发症？天疱疮是一种慢性、复发性和严重性的表皮松解性大疱性皮肤病。病人体内存在针对依赖细胞间粘附分子钙粘蛋白的抗体，因此，正常皮肤或粘膜上出现松散的水泡，尼氏征为阳性的。本病病因尚未完全明确，现认为是一种自身免疫性疾病。天疱疮的抗原主要是桥粒，抗体主要是可见四种亚型，抗体结合到表皮细胞上，导致棘刺松解。天疱疮抗原的序列与钙粘蛋白有明显的同源性，故天疱疮抗体也损害了表皮细胞间的粘连功能，导致棘刺松解。发病年龄差别很大，平均发病年龄是五十到六十岁，男女发病率相近。我国传统上将天疱疮分为四型，寻常型、增殖型、落叶型、红斑型。寻常型天疱疮是天疱疮中最常见的一型，半数以上患者先是口腔黏膜发生水疱和糜烂，而后出现皮肤损害，经久不愈。以后在外观正常的皮肤出现黄豆至核桃大的水疱，疱液清或稍浑，疱壁薄而松弛易破，尼氏征阳性。水疱破裂显露潮红糜烂面，有少许渗液或结痂，创面愈合慢，自觉灼痛，愈后留色素沉着和粟丘疹。水疱可以发生于全身任何部位，常见于头面、颈、胸背、腋下、腹股沟等处。可有甲营养不良和急性甲沟炎、甲下出血。妊娠期严重的天疱疮可出现早产、堕胎，死胎。而且天疱疮还会引起并发症经常伴有不同程度的发烧、厌食、精神疲劳等。由于皮肤大面积糜烂，体液大量外渗，蛋白质、电解质和体液过度流失，身体虚弱，容易并发败血症、肺炎等继发感染。颊粘膜是最常见的感染部位。咽、喉和食管粘膜也可能受累，这可能导致吞咽困难、咀嚼和吞咽。 |
理查德·查尔斯沃思（，），澳大利亚男子曲棍球运动员。他曾代表澳大利亚参加1972年、1976年、1984年和1988年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球比赛，其中1976年奥运会获得一枚银牌。
参考资料
西澳大學校友
澳大利亚男子曲棍球运动员
澳大利亚奥运曲棍球运动员
1972年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球运动员
1976年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球运动员
1984年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球运动员
1988年夏季奥林匹克运动会曲棍球运动员
1976年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奧林匹克運動會曲棍球獎牌得主
澳大利亚奥林匹克运动会银牌得主
澳大利亚板球运动员
澳大利亞醫學家
澳大利亚众议员
澳大利亚体育奖章得主
澳大利亚体育名人堂成员
澳大利亞奧運教練 |
Benny Spellman (December 11, 1931 – June 3, 2011) was an American R&B singer, best known for the 1962 single "Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)" and its B-side "Fortune Teller", both written by Allen Toussaint (credited as Naomi Neville).
"Lipstick Traces" reached #28 on the U.S. Billboard R&B singles chart and #80 on the Billboard Hot 100, while "Fortune Teller" was later performed many other artists including The Who and The Rolling Stones. Spellman variously worked with Toussaint, Earl King ("Trick Bag"), Huey "Piano" Smith, Ernie K-Doe, Wilson Pickett, The Neville Brothers and The O'Jays.
Spellman was born in Pensacola, Florida. He sang backing vocals on Ernie K-Doe's number one hit record, "Mother in Law". He recorded a single, "Word Game", on Atlantic Records in 1965, but later semi-retired from music to work in the beer industry.
In 1988, Collectables Records issued a retrospective album of 16 of Spellman's recordings from the 1960s. In 2009, he was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.
Spellman died of respiratory failure in June 2011, at the age of 79.
Personal life
Spellman was Catholic.
References
External links
Louisianamusichalloffame.org
Rockabilly.nl
1931 births
2011 deaths
20th-century American singers
Ace Records (United States) artists
20th-century African-American male singers
American rhythm and blues singers
Deaths from respiratory failure
Musicians from Pensacola, Florida
Singers from Florida
20th-century American male singers
African-American Catholics
21st-century African-American people
Burials at Barrancas National Cemetery |
阿尔德宁（德语：）是奥地利施蒂利亚州利岑县的一个市镇。总面积34.03平方公里，总人口1251人，人口密度36.8人/平方公里（2005年）。
参见
施蒂利亚州市镇列表
参考
施泰尔马克州市镇 |
Karina Goricheva (born 8 April 1993) is a Kazakh weightlifter.
She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where she won a bronze medal in the women's 63 kg.
References
1993 births
Living people
Kazakhstani female weightlifters
Olympic weightlifters for Kazakhstan
Weightlifters at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in weightlifting
Weightlifters at the 2014 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in weightlifting
Universiade silver medalists for Kazakhstan
Asian Games competitors for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2013 Summer Universiade
21st-century Kazakhstani women |
（学名：Leonhardtina）为鬣齿兽科的一个属。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
参考文献
L
L |
《綜合醫院2》（，），為韓國MBC自2008年11月19日起播出的水木迷你連續劇，1994年MBC《綜合醫院》的後續作品。李在龍和金昭怡是繼14年後再次演出同一角色金道勳及馬尚美；車太鉉及金廷恩繼1998年《向日葵》後再次合作。
劇情介紹
為了成為專業的醫療訴訟律師，女主角鄭河潤(金廷恩 飾)在通過司法考試之後，再考上外科住院醫師資格，開始了艱辛的住院醫師生涯。男主角崔真尚(車太鉉 飾)是一位冒冒失失、大錯小錯不斷的第一年住院醫師，成績雖然總是倒數第一，但對病人卻非常有熱忱。白賢宇醫師(柳鎮 飾)，則一直是醫學院的優等生，成績永遠是名列前茅，與崔真尚成為對比，雖然如此，他對崔真尚仍真誠付出友誼，並與鄭河潤、崔真尚，成為志同道合的好朋友。
演員陣容
外科
沈陽宏 飾演 黃志萬
趙卿煥 飾演 鄭道永
李在龍 飾演 金道勳
李鐘原 飾演 韓基泰
權柄吉 飾演 盧正洙
R2~R4
柳承秀 飾演 趙永漢
余鎬民 飾演 閔太赫
金炳萬 飾演 吳永範
R1
金廷恩 飾演 鄭河潤
車太鉉 飾演 崔真尚
柳鎮 飾演 白賢宇
權 敏 飾演 朴在榮
柳演錫 飾演 許宇鎮
內科
高準熹 飾演 姜恩智
急診醫學科
都知嫄 飾演 宋惠秀
柳玄秀 飾演 柳正勳
張施宇 飾演 張施厚
孔基澤 飾演 裴俊瑞
外科診護士
金素怡 飾演 馬尚美
金芝星 飾演 徐有娜
韓惠琳 飾演 全順德
其他人物
尹帝文 飾演 權大修
盧 允 飾演 洪曉熙
潘成吉 飾演 尹在尚
全敏書 飾演 孔珠
客串演出
裕善 飾演 張世珍（第3、4集）
林周煥 飾演 李民洙（第6、7集）
李壹花 飾演 孔珠母（第9集）
方銀熙 飾演 黃銀熙
崔丹尼爾 飾演 卞泰浩（第17集）
原聲帶
綜合醫院2 OST（發行日期：2008年12月1日）
參考資料
外部連結
韓國MBC
臺灣台視
2008年韓國電視劇集
台視外購電視劇
韓國醫學劇
電視劇續集
Now寬頻電視外購劇集 |
氯喹那多普罗雌烯阴道片成分或处方？主要成分为氯喹那多和普罗雌烯。 |
《跨界歌王》第四季，是北京衛視一個明星音乐歌唱類的真人秀綜藝節目，第四季节目旨在突破固有的娱乐边界，汇集了活跃在影视、娱乐等领域的众多明星。明星们在各自的领域成就斐然，却都曾拥有音乐的梦想。在节目舞台上，将重拾音乐之梦，展现鲜为人知且令观众惊艳的音乐才华，争夺年度“跨界歌王”的殊荣。第四季取消评委，同时取消比赛环节，增加音乐合伙人，改以每4期1轮展演，每轮6位歌手，加盟《跨界歌王》第四季的嘉宾共25位。 2019年12月21日晚，《跨界歌王》第四季落下帷幕。最终王雷，李小萌战胜其他参赛嘉宾，荣膺《跨界歌王》歌王，小沈阳获亚军。
賽果
外部連結
官方網站
综艺节目的变迁
中国大陆真人秀节目
北京卫视节目
中国电视音乐节目 |
肠胃炎吃什么东西调理？胃肠炎通常因微生物感染引起，也可因化学毒物或药品导致。典型临床表现为腹泻、恶心、呕吐及腹痛。对于健康成人，胃肠炎通常只会引起不适感及生活上的不便，并不会导致严重后果，但是在病重、虚弱、年幼或年老的患者中却可以导致威胁生命的脱水和电解质紊乱。肠胃炎一般是进食了一些不干净的食物所导致的，它的临床症状主要表现为腹痛，疼痛呈阵发性的疼痛，同时病人会出现腹泻，呈黄色的稀水样便，腥味也相对比较多。另外出现一些恶性、呕吐，呕吐胃内容物，甚至病人呕吐严重了，会出现呕吐胆汁黄绿色的液体，病人会出现一些脱水的表现，严重的病人会出现发热等等这些表现。胃肠炎通常因微生物感染引起，也可因化学毒物或药品导致。1.感染性胃肠炎是由病毒、细菌、寄生虫等感染引起的。病毒或细菌感染是胃肠炎最常见的病因，有多种病毒或细菌可引起胃肠炎，最常见的是轮状病毒或大肠杆菌，其次是诺沃克病毒、星状病毒和肠腺病毒。常见感染途径有：食物（尤其是海鲜），污染的水源，接触被感染者，餐具不洁，进食前未洗手等。2.毒物及药物可引起化学性胃肠炎。予以易消化及营养丰富的流质或半流质食物，宜采用少食多餐的方法，每日进食4～5次。需要注意的是，此时不宜喝牛奶和吃大量的糖。恢复期，由于胃肠道尤其是肠道病理生理的改变，此时肠道对食物非常敏感，因此，要特别注意节制饮食，饮食上宜吃些清淡、软烂、温热的食物，避免过早地进食肥肉、油炸、生冷坚硬的食品以及多纤维食物。对冷食和辣食等刺激性食物需根据个人条件、原有的饮食习惯和季节选择，避免进食过量，尤其不应嗜酒。 |
卵巢囊肿做什么检查？卵巢囊肿由于早期症状不明显，所以临床上70%的就诊患者已属于晚期，在无法采取及时有效干预的情况下，该病的5年生存率始终徘徊20%-30%，可以说是威胁女性生命严重恶性肿瘤之一。由此可见，卵巢囊肿的早期发现和确诊对于疾病的治疗以及患者的健康生命安全都极为重要！1、阴道四维彩超：主要用于鉴别是否癌变。功能性囊肿再度检查时囊肿可能缩小或消失;如果复查囊肿没有消失或反而变得疼痛、增大，必要时得行腹腔镜探查术。2、腹腔镜检查：可直接看到肿物的大体情况，可观察整个盆腹腔，在可疑部位进行多点活检并吸收腹液进行细胞学检查。3、细胞学检查：在腹腔镜检查或剖腹探查的同时，在子宫直肠陷凹处吸液检查，主要用于对恶性肿瘤的诊断与鉴别。4、放射学诊断：电子计算机体层扫描（CT）可鉴别良、恶性肿瘤，可区分盆腔肿块合并肠梗阻的诊断，并显示肝、肺及腹膜后淋巴结转移。5、血沉检查：恶性的卵巢肿瘤，可制造和释放抗原、激素及酶等多种产物，这些物质在患者血清中可通过免疫学、生化等方法测出。现在最方便常用的就是B超检查。一般大于一厘米的肿瘤，基本都可以经过B超发现。也可以通过B超对肿瘤做一定的分析，对诊断很有帮助。腹部的x线摄片也可以显示卵巢畸胎瘤等等的情况。其他有ct核磁等等的检查，也可以显示肿瘤，肿瘤和周围组织的关系的。通过抽血检查卵巢的肿瘤标志物也是有很高的参考价值。可以选择在可疑部位进行多点活检，也可以抽取腹水，可以做腹腔冲洗液等做细胞学的检查等等。 |
Iser Kuperman, sometimes spelled Koeperman, (; April 21, 1922 - March 6, 2006) was a player of international draughts from the USSR. He had been the seven-time world champion, the four-time Panamerican champion, and multiple USSR champion in international and Russian draughts. He was also an International Grandmaster.
Career
Iser Kuperman was born in Habne, Ukrainian SSR (now Poliske, Kiev Oblast) on April 21, 1922 to a Jewish family. In 1945, he made his debut in the USSR Russian draughts championship and won first place. After that, Kuperman took first place three times. Then he began to play in international draughts and was USSR champion five times. Iser Kuperman was world champion in 1958, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, and 1974. He emigrated to Israel and then to the United States in 1978. After his emigration, any mention of him was purged from Soviet records.
After that, he became a Panamerican champion (1983, 1985, 1987 and 1995), a US champion in pool checkers, and won in their "Top Master" division from 1984 to 1990. This led him to be referred to as "The Greatest Pool Checkers Player of All Time" by the Homan Square Pool Checkers & Chess Club of Chicago.
Web source
References
Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad 7 March 2006
Ukrainian draughts players
Soviet draughts players
Pool checkers players
1922 births
2006 deaths
Players of international draughts
People from Poliske
Players of Russian draughts
Sportspeople from Kyiv Oblast |
溃疡分枝杆菌感染的西医治疗？(一)治疗全身治疗氯法齐明(氯苯吩嗪)疗效较好，局部治疗小结节只需切除，大结节及溃疡切除后需植皮。应积极预防继发感染。(二)预后一般皮损呈单发，但也可在周围见有卫星病灶，几个月后可自行痊愈，极个别可持续数年。病程越长，皮损越大，由于瘢痕挛缩引起严重畸形。 |
毒扁豆碱的注意事项是什么?？常用其水杨酸盐，为无色或淡黄色有光泽的针晶，无臭，稍溶于水（1：75），能溶于醇。露置日光或空气中，氧化渐变红色，即不宜再用。其溶液亦易变红色，加热或由于玻璃容器的碱性可加速其变化，故溶液不宜久贮，容器最好能先以1％盐酸洗净。如溶液稍有变化，呈微红色，尚可使用；如色已深，则疗效降低不宜再用。加入3％硼酸或0.1％亚硫酸氢钠或0.1％依地酸二钠可延缓其变色。 |
焦亚砷酸钴是一种无机化合物，化学式为Co2As2O5，其分子中含有As3O75-和AsO33-。它是目前唯一已知的钴(II)的亚砷酸盐。
制备
砷和钴的混合物在空气中加热至750℃，会得到少量Co2As2O5。
参考文献
二价钴化合物
亚砷酸盐 |
A database abstraction layer (DBAL or DAL) is an application programming interface which unifies the communication between a computer application and databases such as SQL Server, IBM Db2, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle or SQLite. Traditionally, all database vendors provide their own interface that is tailored to their products. It is up to the application programmer to implement code for the database interfaces that will be supported by the application. Database abstraction layers reduce the amount of work by providing a consistent API to the developer and hide the database specifics behind this interface as much as possible. There exist many abstraction layers with different interfaces in numerous programming languages. If an application has such a layer built in, it is called database-agnostic.
Database levels of abstraction
Physical level (lowest level)
The lowest level connects to the database and performs the actual operations required by the users. At this level the conceptual instruction has been translated into multiple instructions that the database understands. Executing the instructions in the correct order allows the DAL to perform the conceptual instruction.
Implementation of the physical layer may use database-specific APIs or use the underlying language standard database access technology and the database's version SQL.
Implementation of data types and operations are the most database-specific at this level.
Conceptual or logical level (middle or next highest level)
The conceptual level consolidates external concepts and instructions into an intermediate data structure that can be devolved into physical instructions. This layer is the most complex as it spans the external and physical levels. Additionally it needs to span all the supported databases and their quirks, APIs, and problems.
This level is aware of the differences between the databases and able to construct an execution path of operations in all cases. However the conceptual layer defers to the physical layer for the actual implementation of each individual operation.
External or view level
The external level is exposed to users and developers and supplies a consistent pattern for performing database operations.
Database operations are represented only loosely as SQL or even database access at this level.
Every database should be treated equally at this level with no apparent difference despite varying physical data types and operations.
Database abstraction in the API
Libraries unify access to databases by providing a single low-level programming interface to the application developer. Their advantages are most often speed and flexibility because they are not tied to a specific query language (subset) and only have to implement a thin layer to reach their goal. As all SQL dialects are similar to one another, application developers can use all the language features, possibly providing configurable elements for database-specific cases, such as typically user-IDs and credentials. A thin-layer allows the same queries and statements to run on a variety of database products with negligible overhead.
Popular use for database abstraction layers are among object-oriented programming languages, which are similar to API-level abstraction layers. In an object-oriented language like C++ or Java, a database can be represented through an object, whose methods and members (or the equivalent thereof in other programming languages) represent various functionalities of the database. They also share advantages and disadvantages with API-level interfaces.
Language-level abstraction
An example of a database abstraction layer on the language level would be ODBC that is a platform-independent implementation of a database abstraction layer. The user installs specific driver software, through which ODBC can communicate with a database or set of databases. The user then has the ability to have programs communicate with ODBC, which then relays the results back and forth between the user programs and the database. The downside of this abstraction level is the increased overhead to transform statements into constructs understood by the target database.
Alternatively, there are thin wrappers, often described as lightweight abstraction layers, such as OpenDBX and libzdb. Finally, large projects may develop their own libraries, such as, for example, libgda for GNOME.
Arguments
In favor
Development period: software developers only have to know the database abstraction layer's API instead of all APIs of the databases their application should support. The more databases should be supported the bigger is the time saving.
Wider potential install-base: using a database abstraction layer means that there is no requirement for new installations to utilise a specific database, i.e. new users who are unwilling or unable to switch databases can deploy on their existing infrastructure.
Future-proofing: as new database technologies emerge, software developers won't have to adapt to new interfaces.
Developer testing: a production database may be replaced with a desktop-level implementation of the data for developer-level unit tests.
Added Database Features: depending on the database and the DAL, it may be possible for the DAL to add features to the database. A DAL may use database programming facilities or other methods to create standard but unsupported functionality or completely new functionality. For instance, the DBvolution DAL implements the standard deviation function for several databases that do not support it.
Against it
Speed: any abstraction layer will reduce the overall speed more or less depending on the amount of additional code that has to be executed. The more a database layer abstracts from the native database interface and tries to emulate features not present on all database backends, the slower the overall performance. This is especially true for database abstraction layers that try to unify the query language as well like ODBC.
Dependency: a database abstraction layer provides yet another functional dependency for a software system, i.e. a given database abstraction layer, like anything else, may eventually become obsolete, outmoded or unsupported.
Masked operations: database abstraction layers may limit the number of available database operations to a subset of those supported by the supported database backends. In particular, database abstraction layers may not fully support database backend-specific optimizations or debugging features. These problems magnify significantly with database size, scale, and complexity.
See also
Object–relational mapping
References |
Bromhall Priory was a nunnery of Benedictine nuns at Sunningdale in the English county of Berkshire.
It was established in 1200 and when dissolved in 1524. An inquisition was held in 1522 into the lands of Bromhall Priory, where the prioress had resigned in September 1521 and left with two other nuns in December. The inquisition gave no explanation for the prioress's departure, but in 1524 Clement VII issued a bull suppressing the house, on account of the demerits of the nuns. It was described as a 'profane place' and the property was transferred by the Crown to St John's College, Cambridge.
References
Monasteries in Berkshire
Buildings and structures in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
1200 establishments in England
1524 disestablishments in England
Benedictine nunneries in England
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century |
马西莱图瓦勒（，）是法国里昂大都会的一个市镇，属于里昂区。
地理
马西莱图瓦勒（）面积，位于法国奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区里昂大都会，后者为法国的一个特殊地位集体，自2015年脱离罗讷省成立，位于法国中东部，中心城市为里昂。
与马西莱图瓦勒接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
马西莱图瓦勒的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
马西莱图瓦勒的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
马西莱图瓦勒的现任市长为洛伊克·科曼（）先生，任期为2020-2026年。
人口
马西莱图瓦勒于时的人口数量为人。
参考文献
M |
对乙酰氨基酚颗粒药理作用？本品为乙酰苯胺类解热镇痛药。通过抑制环氧化酶，选择性抑制下丘脑体温调节中枢前列腺素的合成，导致外周血管扩张，出汗而达到解热的作用，其解热作用强度与阿司匹林相似；通过抑制前列腺素等的合成和释放，提高痛阈而起到镇痛作用，属于外周性镇痛药，作用较阿司匹林弱，仅对轻，中度疼痛有效。本品无明显抗炎作用。 |
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