Subset (3)

documents · 16.1k rows

Split (1)

test · 16.1k rows

chunk_id string	chunk string	source_url string	title string	chunk_idx int64	chunk_start_char int64	chunk_end_char int64
dev-6923-122	The Confederacy controlled no ports, harbors or navigable rivers. Railroads were captured or had ceased operating. Its major food producing regions had been war-ravaged or occupied. Its administration survived in only three pockets of territory holding one-third its population. Its armies were defeated or disbanding. A...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	122	71,226	72,130
dev-6923-123	The Confederacy's last remaining blockade-running port, Wilmington, North Carolina, was lost. When the Union broke through Lee's lines at Petersburg, Richmond fell immediately. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. "The Surrender" marked the end of the Conf...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	123	72,131	72,468
dev-6923-124	Historian Gary Gallagher concluded that the Confederacy capitulated in early 1865 because northern armies crushed "organized southern military resistance." The Confederacy's population, soldier and civilian, had suffered material hardship and social disruption. They had expended and extracted a profusion of blood and t...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	124	72,469	73,168
dev-6923-125	When the war ended over 14,000 Confederates petitioned President Johnson for a pardon; he was generous in giving them out.[220] He issued a general amnesty to all Confederate participants in the "late Civil War" in 1868.[221] Congress passed additional Amnesty Acts in May 1866 with restrictions on office holding, and t...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	125	73,169	73,882
dev-6923-126	Davis was indicted for treason but never tried; he was released from prison on bail in May 1867. The amnesty of December 25, 1868, by President Johnson eliminated any possibility of Jefferson Davis (or anyone else associated with the Confederacy) standing trial for treason.[223][224][225]	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	126	73,883	74,172
dev-6923-127	Henry Wirz, the commandant of a notorious prisoner-of-war camp near Andersonville, Georgia was tried and convicted by a military court, and executed on November 10, 1865. The charges against him involved conspiracy and cruelty, not treason.	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	127	74,173	74,413
dev-6923-128	In Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1869) the United States Supreme Court ruled – by a 5–3 majority – that Texas had remained a state ever since it first joined the Union, despite claims that it joined the Confederate States of America. In this case, the court held that the Constitution did not permit a state to unilateral...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	128	74,414	75,494
dev-6923-129	Historian Frank Lawrence Owsley argued that the Confederacy "died of states' rights."[228][229][230] The central government was denied requisitioned soldiers and money by governors and state legislatures because they feared that Richmond would encroach on the rights of the states. Georgia's governor Joseph Brown warned...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	129	75,495	76,049
dev-6923-130	Joseph E. Brown Georgia Governor	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	130	76,050	76,082
dev-6923-131	Pendleton Murrah Texas Governor	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	131	76,083	76,114
dev-6923-132	Vice President Alexander H. Stephens feared losing the very form of republican government. Allowing President Davis to threaten "arbitrary arrests" to draft hundreds of governor-appointed "bomb-proof" bureaucrats conferred "more power than the English Parliament had ever bestowed on the king. History proved the dangers...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	132	76,115	76,936
dev-6923-133	In 1863 governor Pendleton Murrah of Texas determined that state troops were required for defense against Plains Indians and Union forces that might attack from Kansas. He refused to send his soldiers to the East.[234] Governor Zebulon Vance of North Carolina showed intense opposition to conscription, limiting recruitm...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	133	76,937	77,380
dev-6923-134	Despite political differences within the Confederacy, no national political parties were formed because they were seen as illegitimate. "Anti-partyism became an article of political faith."[236] Without a two-party system building alternative sets of national leaders, electoral protests tended to be narrowly state-base...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	134	77,381	78,099
dev-6923-135	The enemies of President Davis proposed that the Confederacy "died of Davis." He was unfavorably compared to George Washington by critics such as Edward Alfred Pollard, editor of the most influential newspaper the Richmond Examiner. Coulter summarizes, "The American Revolution had its Washington; the Southern Revolutio...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	135	78,100	78,685
dev-6923-136	Coulter says Davis was heroic and his will was indomitable. But his "tenacity, determination, and will power" stirred up lasting opposition of enemies Davis could not shake. He failed to overcome "petty leaders of the states" who made the term "Confederacy" into a label for tyranny and oppression, denying the "Stars an...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	136	78,686	79,252
dev-6923-137	Escott argues that Davis was unable to mobilize Confederate nationalism in support of his government effectively, and especially failed to appeal to the small farmers who comprised the bulk of the population. In addition to the problems caused by states rights, Escott also emphasizes that the widespread opposition to a...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	137	79,253	80,164
dev-6923-138	Davis was not an efficient administrator. He attended to too many details. He protected his friends after their failures were obvious. He spent too much time on military affairs versus his civic responsibilities. Coulter concludes he was not the ideal leader for the Southern Revolution, but he showed "fewer weaknesses ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	138	80,165	80,658
dev-6923-139	The Southern leaders met in Montgomery, Alabama, to write their constitution. Much of the Confederate States Constitution replicated the United States Constitution verbatim, but it contained several explicit protections of the institution of slavery including provisions for the recognition and protection of slavery in ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	139	80,659	81,156
dev-6923-140	In certain areas, the Confederate Constitution gave greater powers to the states (or curtailed the powers of the central government more) than the U.S. Constitution of the time did, but in other areas, the states lost rights they had under the U.S. Constitution. Although the Confederate Constitution, like the U.S. Cons...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	140	81,157	82,389
dev-6923-141	The Confederate Constitution did not specifically include a provision allowing states to secede; the Preamble spoke of each state "acting in its sovereign and independent character" but also of the formation of a "permanent federal government". During the debates on drafting the Confederate Constitution, one proposal w...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	141	82,390	83,358
dev-6923-142	The Montgomery Convention to establish the Confederacy and its executive met on February 4, 1861. Each state as a sovereignty had one vote, with the same delegation size as it held in the U.S. Congress, and generally 41 to 50 members attended.[243] Offices were "provisional", limited to a term not to exceed one year. O...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	142	83,359	83,793
dev-6923-143	Jefferson Davis was elected provisional president. His U.S. Senate resignation speech greatly impressed with its clear rationale for secession and his pleading for a peaceful departure from the Union to independence. Although he had made it known that he wanted to be commander-in-chief of the Confederate armies, when e...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	143	83,794	84,577
dev-6923-144	Davis and Stephens were elected President and Vice President, unopposed on November 6, 1861. They were inaugurated on February 22, 1862.	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	144	84,578	84,714
dev-6923-145	Historian E. M. Coulter observed, "No president of the U.S. ever had a more difficult task." Washington was inaugurated in peacetime. Lincoln inherited an established government of long standing. The creation of the Confederacy was accomplished by men who saw themselves as fundamentally conservative. Although they refe...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	145	84,715	85,424
dev-6923-146	The Permanent Constitution provided for a President of the Confederate States of America, elected to serve a six-year term but without the possibility of re-election. Unlike the United States Constitution, the Confederate Constitution gave the president the ability to subject a bill to a line item veto, a power also he...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	146	85,425	85,772
dev-6923-147	The Confederate Congress could overturn either the general or the line item vetoes with the same two-thirds votes required in the U.S. Congress. In addition, appropriations not specifically requested by the executive branch required passage by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress. The only person to serve as pr...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	147	85,773	86,194
dev-6923-148	The only two "formal, national, functioning, civilian administrative bodies" in the Civil War South were the Jefferson Davis administration and the Confederate Congresses. The Confederacy was begun by the Provisional Congress in Convention at Montgomery, Alabama on February 28, 1861. It had one vote per state in a unic...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	148	86,195	86,536
dev-6923-149	The Permanent Confederate Congress was elected and began its first session February 18, 1862. The Permanent Congress for the Confederacy followed the United States forms with a bicameral legislature. The Senate had two per state, twenty-six Senators. The House numbered 106 representatives apportioned by free and slave ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	149	86,537	86,949
dev-6923-150	The political influences of the civilian, soldier vote and appointed representatives reflected divisions of political geography of a diverse South. These in turn changed over time relative to Union occupation and disruption, the war impact on local economy, and the course of the war. Without political parties, key cand...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	150	86,950	87,514
dev-6923-151	The absence of political parties made individual roll call voting all the more important, as the Confederate "freedom of roll-call voting [was] unprecedented in American legislative history.[250] Key issues throughout the life of the Confederacy related to (1) suspension of habeas corpus, (2) military concerns such as ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	151	87,515	88,083
dev-6923-152	For the first year, the unicameral Provisional Confederate Congress functioned as the Confederacy's legislative branch.	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	152	88,084	88,203
dev-6923-153	President of the Provisional Congress	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	153	88,204	88,241
dev-6923-154	Presidents pro tempore of the Provisional Congress	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	154	88,242	88,292
dev-6923-155	Sessions of the Confederate Congress	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	155	88,293	88,329
dev-6923-156	Tribal Representatives to Confederate Congress	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	156	88,330	88,376
dev-6923-157	Jesse J. Finley Florida District	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	157	88,377	88,409
dev-6923-158	Henry R. Jackson Georgia District	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	158	88,410	88,443
dev-6923-159	Asa Biggs North Carolina District	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	159	88,444	88,477
dev-6923-160	Andrew Magrath South Carolina District	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	160	88,478	88,516
dev-6923-161	The Confederate Constitution outlined a judicial branch of the government, but the ongoing war and resistance from states-rights advocates, particularly on the question of whether it would have appellate jurisdiction over the state courts, prevented the creation or seating of the "Supreme Court of the Confederate State...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	161	88,517	88,981
dev-6923-162	Confederate district courts were authorized by Article III, Section 1, of the Confederate Constitution,[253][self-published source] and President Davis appointed judges within the individual states of the Confederate States of America.[253] In many cases, the same US Federal District Judges were appointed as Confederat...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	162	88,982	89,909
dev-6923-163	When the matter came before the Confederate court, the property owner could not appear because he was unable to travel across the front lines between Union and Confederate forces. Thus, the District Attorney won the case by default, the property was typically sold, and the money used to further the Southern war effort....	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	163	89,910	90,672
dev-6923-164	Supreme Court â€“ not established.	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	164	90,673	90,707
dev-6923-165	District Courts â€“ judges	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	165	90,708	90,734
dev-6923-166	John H. Reagan Postmaster General	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	166	90,735	90,768
dev-6923-167	Jefferson Davis, 5 cent The 1st stamp, 1861	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	167	90,769	90,812
dev-6923-168	Andrew Jackson 2 cent, 1862	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	168	90,813	90,840
dev-6923-169	George Washington 20 cent, 1863	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	169	90,841	90,872
dev-6923-170	When the Confederacy was formed and its seceding states broke from the Union, it was at once confronted with the arduous task of providing its citizens with a mail delivery system, and, in the midst of the American Civil War, the newly formed Confederacy created and established the Confederate Post Office. One of the f...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	170	90,873	91,685
dev-6923-171	When the war began, the US Post Office still delivered mail from the secessionist states for a brief period of time. Mail that was postmarked after the date of a state's admission into the Confederacy through May 31, 1861, and bearing US postage was still delivered.[257] After this time, private express companies still...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	171	91,686	92,487
dev-6923-172	With the chaos of the war, a working postal system was more important than ever for the Confederacy. The Civil War had divided family members and friends and consequently letter writing increased dramatically across the entire divided nation, especially to and from the men who were away serving in an army. Mail deliver...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	172	92,488	93,743
dev-6923-173	The Confederacy actively used the army to arrest people suspected of loyalty to the United States. Historian Mark Neely found 4,108 names of men arrested and estimated a much larger total.[261] The Confederacy arrested pro-Union civilians in the South at about the same rate as the Union arrested pro-Confederate civilia...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	173	93,744	94,099
dev-6923-174	The Confederate citizen was not any freer than the Union citizen â€“ and perhaps no less likely to be arrested by military authorities. In fact, the Confederate citizen may have been in some ways less free than his Northern counterpart. For example, freedom to travel within the Confederate states was severely limited b...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	174	94,100	94,454
dev-6923-175	Across the South, widespread rumors alarmed the whites by predicting the slaves were planning some sort of insurrection. Patrols were stepped up. The slaves did become increasingly independent, and resistant to punishment, but historians agree there were no insurrections. In the invaded areas, insubordination was more ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	175	94,455	94,972
dev-6923-176	Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, an executive order of the U.S. government on January 1, 1863, changed the legal status of 3 million slaves in designated areas of the Confederacy from "slave" to "free". The long-term effect was that the Confederacy could not preserve the institution of slavery, and lost the use of ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	176	94,973	95,953
dev-6923-177	Most whites were subsistence farmers who traded their surpluses locally. The plantations of the South, with white ownership and an enslaved labor force, produced substantial wealth from cash crops. It supplied two-thirds of the world's cotton, which was in high demand for textiles, along with tobacco, sugar, and naval ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	177	95,954	96,575
dev-6923-178	The plantations that enslaved over three million black people were the principal source of wealth. Most were concentrated in "black belt" plantation areas (because few white families in the poor regions owned slaves.) For decades there had been widespread fear of slave revolts. During the war extra men were assigned to...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	178	96,576	97,232
dev-6923-179	Slave labor was applied in industry in a limited way in the Upper South and in a few port cities. One reason for the regional lag in industrial development was top-heavy income distribution. Mass production requires mass markets, and slaves living in small cabins, using self-made tools and outfitted with one suit of wo...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	179	97,233	98,076
dev-6923-180	Approximately 85% of both North and South white populations lived on family farms, both regions were predominantly agricultural, and mid-century industry in both was mostly domestic. But the Southern economy was pre-capitalist in its overwhelming reliance on the agriculture of cash crops to produce wealth, while the gr...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	180	98,077	98,966
dev-6923-181	A third count of southern pre-capitalist economy relates to the cultural setting. The South and southerners did not adopt a work ethic, nor the habits of thrift that marked the rest of the country. It had access to the tools of capitalism, but it did not adopt its culture. The Southern Cause as a national economy in th...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	181	98,967	99,419
dev-6923-182	The Confederacy started its existence as an agrarian economy with exports, to a world market, of cotton, and, to a lesser extent, tobacco and sugarcane. Local food production included grains, hogs, cattle, and gardens. The cash came from exports but the Southern people spontaneously stopped exports in early 1861 to has...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	182	99,420	100,281
dev-6923-183	The eleven states had produced $155 million in manufactured goods in 1860, chiefly from local grist-mills, and lumber, processed tobacco, cotton goods and naval stores such as turpentine. The main industrial areas were border cities such as Baltimore, Wheeling, Louisville and St. Louis, that were never under Confederat...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	183	100,282	101,013
dev-6923-184	The Confederacy adopted a tariff or tax on imports of 15%, and imposed it on all imports from other countries, including the United States.[277] The tariff mattered little; the Union blockade minimized commercial traffic through the Confederacy's ports, and very few people paid taxes on goods smuggled from the North. T...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	184	101,014	101,752
dev-6923-185	In peacetime, the South's extensive and connected systems of navigable rivers and coastal access allowed for cheap and easy transportation of agricultural products. The railroad system in the South had developed as a supplement to the navigable rivers to enhance the all-weather shipment of cash crops to market. Railroa...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	185	101,753	102,428
dev-6923-186	At the onset of the Civil War the South had a rail network disjointed and plagued by changes in track gauge as well as lack of interchange. Locomotives and freight cars had fixed axles and could not use tracks of different gauges (widths). Railroads of different gauges leading to the same city required all freight to b...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	186	102,429	103,295
dev-6923-187	The Confederacy had no plan to expand, protect or encourage its railroads. Southerners' refusal to export the cotton crop in 1861 left railroads bereft of their main source of income.[280] Many lines had to lay off employees; many critical skilled technicians and engineers were permanently lost to military service. In ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	187	103,296	104,328
dev-6923-188	In the last year before the end of the war, the Confederate railroad system stood permanently on the verge of collapse. There was no new equipment and raids on both sides systematically destroyed key bridges, as well as locomotives and freight cars. Spare parts were cannibalized; feeder lines were torn up to get replac...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	188	104,329	104,728
dev-6923-189	The Confederate army experienced a persistent shortage of horses and mules, and requisitioned them with dubious promissory notes given to local farmers and breeders. Union forces paid in real money and found ready sellers in the South. Both armies needed horses for cavalry and for artillery.[283] Mules pulled the wagon...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	189	104,729	105,707
dev-6923-190	Both the individual Confederate states and later the Confederate government printed Confederate States of America dollars as paper currency in various denominations, with a total face value of $1.5 billion. Much of it was signed by Treasurer Edward C. Elmore. Inflation became rampant as the paper money depreciated and ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	190	105,708	106,254
dev-6923-191	The Confederate government initially wanted to finance its war mostly through tariffs on imports, export taxes, and voluntary donations of gold. After the spontaneous imposition of an embargo on cotton sales to Europe in 1861, these sources of revenue dried up and the Confederacy increasingly turned to issuing debt and...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	191	106,255	107,057
dev-6923-192	The Confederate government took over the three national mints: the Charlotte Mint in North Carolina, the Dahlonega Mint in Georgia, and the New Orleans Mint in Louisiana. During 1861, the first two produced small amounts of gold coinage, the latter half dollars. Since the mints used the current dies on hand, these issu...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	192	107,058	107,804
dev-6923-193	By mid-1861, the Union naval blockade virtually shut down the export of cotton and the import of manufactured goods. Food that formerly came overland was cut off.	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	193	107,805	107,967
dev-6923-194	Women had charge of making do. They cut back on purchases, brought out old spinning wheels and enlarged their gardens with flax and peas to provide clothing and food. They used ersatz substitutes when possible, but there was no real coffee and it was hard to develop a taste for the okra or chicory substitutes used. The...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	194	107,968	108,471
dev-6923-195	State governments pleaded with planters to grow less cotton and more food. Most refused. When cotton prices soared in Europe, expectations were that Europe would soon intervene to break the blockade and make them rich.[292] The myth of omnipotent "King Cotton" died hard. The Georgia legislature imposed cotton quotas, m...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	195	108,472	108,891
dev-6923-196	The overall decline in food supplies, made worse by the inadequate transportation system, led to serious shortages and high prices in urban areas. When bacon reached a dollar a pound in 1863, the poor women of Richmond, Atlanta and many other cities began to riot; they broke into shops and warehouses to seize food. The...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	196	108,892	109,406
dev-6923-197	By the end of the war deterioration of the Southern infrastructure was widespread. The number of civilian deaths is unknown. Every Confederate state was affected, but most of the war was fought in Virginia and Tennessee, while Texas and Florida saw the least military action. Much of the damage was caused by direct mili...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	197	109,407	110,298
dev-6923-198	Potters House, Atlanta Ga	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	198	110,299	110,324
dev-6923-199	Downtown Charleston SC	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	199	110,325	110,347
dev-6923-200	Navy Yard, Norfolk Va	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	200	110,348	110,369
dev-6923-201	Rail bridge, Petersburg Va	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	201	110,370	110,396
dev-6923-202	The eleven Confederate States in the 1860 United States Census had 297 towns and cities with 835,000 people; of these 162 with 681,000 people were at one point occupied by Union forces. Eleven were destroyed or severely damaged by war action, including Atlanta (with an 1860 population of 9,600), Charleston, Columbia, a...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	202	110,397	111,451
dev-6923-203	The economic losses affected everyone. Banks and insurance companies were mostly bankrupt. Confederate currency and bonds were worthless. The billions of dollars invested in slaves vanished. Most debts were also left behind. Most farms were intact but most had lost their horses, mules and cattle; fences and barns were ...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	203	111,452	112,375
dev-6923-204	The rebuilding took years and was hindered by the low price of cotton after the war. Outside investment was essential, especially in railroads. One historian has summarized the collapse of the transportation infrastructure needed for economic recovery:[300]	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	204	112,376	112,633
dev-6923-205	About 250,000 men never came home, some 30 percent of all white men aged 18 to 40, in 1860. Widows who were overwhelmed often abandoned the farm and merged into the households of relatives, or even became refugees living in camps with high rates of disease and death.[301] In the Old South, being an "old maid" was somet...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	205	112,634	113,315
dev-6923-206	1st National Flag [7-, 9, 11-, 13-stars[304]] "Stars and Bars"	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	206	113,316	113,378
dev-6923-207	2nd National Flag [Richmond Capitol[305]] "Stainless Banner"	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	207	113,379	113,439
dev-6923-208	3rd National Flag [never flown[306]] "Blood Stained Banner"	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	208	113,440	113,499
dev-6923-209	CSA Naval Jack 1861â€“63	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	209	113,500	113,524
dev-6923-210	CSA Naval Jack 1863â€“65	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	210	113,525	113,549
dev-6923-211	Battle Flag "Southern Cross"	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	211	113,550	113,578
dev-6923-212	Bonnie Blue Flag Unofficial Southern Flag	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	212	113,579	113,620
dev-6923-213	The first official flag of the Confederate States of America – called the "Stars and Bars" – originally had seven stars, representing the first seven states that initially formed the Confederacy. As more states joined, more stars were added, until the total was 13 (two stars were added for the divided states of Kentuck...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	213	113,621	115,046
dev-6923-214	Because of its depiction in the 20th-century and popular media, many people consider the rectangular battle flag with the dark blue bars as being synonymous with "the Confederate Flag", but this flag was never adopted as a Confederate national flag. The "Confederate Flag" has a color scheme similar to the official Batt...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	214	115,047	115,622
dev-6923-215	The Confederate States of America claimed a total of 2,919 miles (4,698 km) of coastline, thus a large part of its territory lay on the seacoast with level and often sandy or marshy ground. Most of the interior portion consisted of arable farmland, though much was also hilly and mountainous, and the far western territo...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	215	115,623	116,198
dev-6923-216	Much of the area claimed by the Confederate States of America had a humid subtropical climate with mild winters and long, hot, humid summers. The climate and terrain varied from vast swamps (such as those in Florida and Louisiana) to semi-arid steppes and arid deserts west of longitude 100 degrees west. The subtropical...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	216	116,199	116,738
dev-6923-217	The United States Census of 1860[310] gives a picture of the overall 1860 population of the areas that joined the Confederacy. Note that population-numbers exclude non-assimilated Indian tribes.	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	217	116,739	116,933
dev-6923-218	(Figures for Virginia include the future West Virginia.)	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	218	116,934	116,990
dev-6923-219	(Rows may not total to 100% due to rounding)	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	219	116,991	117,035
dev-6923-220	In 1860 the areas that later formed the eleven Confederate States (and including the future West Virginia) had 132,760 (1.46%) free blacks. Males made up 49.2% of the total population and females 50.8% (whites: 48.60% male, 51.40% female; slaves: 50.15% male, 49.85% female; free blacks: 47.43% male, 52.57% female).[313...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	220	117,036	117,357
dev-6923-221	The CSA was overwhelmingly rural land. Few towns had populations of more than 1,000 – the typical county seat had a population of fewer than 500 people. Cities were rare. Of the twenty largest U.S. cities in the 1860 census, only New Orleans lay in Confederate territory[314] – and the Union captured New Orleans in 1862...	dev-6923	Confederate States of America	221	117,358	118,202

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.