gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict | prompt stringlengths 485 1.76k | input_ids listlengths 362 507 | attention_mask listlengths 362 507 | answers_generated stringlengths 1 280 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-25494 | 5acfaad377cf76001a6857c9 | Namibia | Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated by the cold, north-flowing Benguela current of the Atlantic Ocean which accounts for very low precipitation (50 mm per year or less), frequent dense fog, and overall lower temperatures than in the rest of the country. In Winter, occasionally a condition known as Ber... | What is the German expression for Oosweer? | What is the German expression for Oosweer? | [
"What is the German expression for Oosweer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated b... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-87123 | 570af9ad6b8089140040f65a | Videoconferencing | One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other... | In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced? | In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced? | [
"In what year was AT&T's \"Picturephone\" device introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"1964"
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230
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: One of the first demonstrations of the ability for tele... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-56888 | 5727e6212ca10214002d9908 | Gramophone_record | Vinyl records can be warped by heat, improper storage, exposure to sunlight, or manufacturing defects such as excessively tight plastic shrinkwrap on the album cover. A small degree of warp was common, and allowing for it was part of the art of turntable and tonearm design. "wow" (once-per-revolution pitch variation) c... | What method was used to protect a vinyl record? | What method was used to protect a vinyl record? | [
"What method was used to protect a vinyl record?"
] | {
"text": [
"place the LP in a paper or plastic inner cover"
],
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432
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-86918 | 570bd5e26b8089140040fa7b | Biodiversity | Biodiversity's relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss. This issue is closely linked with the issue of climate change, as many of the anticipated health risks of climate change are associated with change... | What types of species disappear when a new disease is introduced? | What types of species disappear when a new disease is introduced? | [
"What types of species disappear when a new disease is introduced?"
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548
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gem-squad_v2-train-11662 | 56fad4558f12f319006301d2 | Somalis | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found? | In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found? | [
"In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?"
] | {
"text": [
"northeastern"
],
"answer_start": [
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-79636 | 57313e7f497a881900248cbf | Kievan_Rus%27 | In the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered because it controlled trade routes from the River Volga to the Baltic Sea. As Kievan Rus' declined, Novgorod became more independent. A local oligarchy ruled Novgorod; major government decisions were made by a town assembly, which also elected a prince as the city's mili... | Why was the Republic of Novgorod doing so well while the Kievan Rus declined? | Why was the Republic of Novgorod doing so well while the Kievan Rus declined? | [
"Why was the Republic of Novgorod doing so well while the Kievan Rus declined?"
] | {
"text": [
"it controlled trade routes"
],
"answer_start": [
57
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered becaus... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-25431 | 5acfa4f277cf76001a6856e0 | Namibia | A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observer... | In what month in 1989 did campaigning begin for the constitutional assembly election? | In what month in 1989 did campaigning begin for the constitutional assembly election? | [
"In what month in 1989 did campaigning begin for the constitutional assembly election?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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1... | November |
gem-squad_v2-train-40228 | 5727e04eff5b5019007d974c | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available,... | In addition to ground service, what other function is available at the Port of New Haven for offloading truck cargo? | In addition to ground service, what other function is available at the Port of New Haven for offloading truck cargo? | [
"In addition to ground service, what other function is available at the Port of New Haven for offloading truck cargo?"
] | {
"text": [
"loading docks"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a de... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-39789 | 57294fd36aef051400154ca6 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the... | What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven? | What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven? | [
"What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Haven Arms Company"
],
"answer_start": [
115
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-30666 | 5726427cec44d21400f3dd02 | Mexico_City | Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and... | Where was the city first built? | Where was the city first built? | [
"Where was the city first built?"
] | {
"text": [
"on an island of Lake Texcoco"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-6733 | 5ad351c7604f3c001a3fdcf1 | PlayStation_3 | Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick has criticized PS3's high development costs and inferior attach rate and return to that of Xbox 360 and Wii. He believes these factors are pushing developers away from working on the console. In an interview with The Times Kotick stated "I'm getting concerned about Sony; the PlaySta... | What game development company completely agreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview? | What game development company completely agreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview? | [
"What game development company completely agreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick has criticized PS3... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-115332 | 56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32c | Political_corruption | Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Mi... | One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what? | One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what? | [
"One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what?"
] | {
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"nepotism"
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68
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-18224 | 5ad0cc1d645df0001a2d03a5 | Eritrea | In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or comm... | In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria? | In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria? | [
"In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-95644 | 5ad3e20e604f3c001a3ff524 | Yale_University | Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbate... | Why was Professor David Graeber hired during the strike? | Why was Professor David Graeber hired during the strike? | [
"Why was Professor David Graeber hired during the strike?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor neg... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-98423 | 56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0475 | Alps | Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the "theatre of the Lord". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers and painters. Tw... | Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born? | Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born? | [
"Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-6622 | 5ad349e6604f3c001a3fdc75 | PlayStation_3 | The system displays the What's New screen by default instead of the [Games] menu (or [Video] menu, if a movie was inserted) when starting up. What's New has four sections: "Our Pick", "Recently Played", latest information and new content available in PlayStation Store. There are four kinds of content the What's New scr... | How many different sections doesn't What's New have? | How many different sections doesn't What's New have? | [
"How many different sections doesn't What's New have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-15377 | 5706931c52bb891400689a8a | Black_people | In South Africa, the period of colonization resulted in many unions and marriages between European men and African women from various tribes, resulting in mixed-race children. As the Europeans acquired territory and imposed rule over the Africans, they generally pushed mixed-race and Africans into second-class status. ... | What did the colonization of South Africa result in? | What did the colonization of South Africa result in? | [
"What did the colonization of South Africa result in?"
] | {
"text": [
"many unions and marriages between European men and African women from various tribes"
],
"answer_start": [
56
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-78112 | 5acd745d07355d001abf4310 | Strasbourg | The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished b... | How do people most often get to Strasbourg from elsewhere? | How do people most often get to Strasbourg from elsewhere? | [
"How do people most often get to Strasbourg from elsewhere?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-33950 | 5728a4674b864d1900164b3c | Alaska | Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Alaska was officially incorporated as an organized territory in 1912. Alaska's capital, which had been in Sitka until 1906, was moved north to ... | What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1910s? | What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1910s? | [
"What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1910s?"
] | {
"text": [
"gold rushes"
],
"answer_start": [
72
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-89103 | 5acd54e907355d001abf3d75 | Hunter-gatherer | To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8... | Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt? | Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt? | [
"Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-93974 | 572e9d6d03f9891900756839 | Cyprus | Available modes of transport are by road, sea and air. Of the 10,663 km (6,626 mi) of roads in the Republic of Cyprus in 1998, 6,249 km (3,883 mi) were paved, and 4,414 km (2,743 mi) were unpaved. In 1996 the Turkish-occupied area had a similar ratio of paved to unpaved, with approximately 1,370 km (850 mi) of paved ro... | How many miles of roads are unpaved on Cyprus? | How many miles of roads are unpaved on Cyprus? | [
"How many miles of roads are unpaved on Cyprus?"
] | {
"text": [
"4,414 km (2,743 mi)"
],
"answer_start": [
163
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Available modes of transport are by road, sea and air. ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-48115 | 56f9f187f34c681400b0bf01 | Wood | During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop o... | What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development? | What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development? | [
"What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-85254 | 5727911add62a815002ea09e | Supreme_court | Spanish Supreme Court is the highest court for all cases in Spain (both private and public). Only those cases related to human rights can be appealed at the Constitutional Court (which also decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution).
In Spain, high courts cannot create binding precedents; however, lower r... | The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas? | The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas? | [
"The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Spanish Supreme Court is the highest court for all case... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-77175 | 5a29962d03c0e7001a3e17f6 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization’s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives. | How much funding was not earmarked correctly? | How much funding was not earmarked correctly? | [
"How much funding was not earmarked correctly?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Contributions from governments and the private sector t... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-108114 | 56e42e3739bdeb140034791c | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis? | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis? | [
" In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?"
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
44
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Ortho... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-102023 | 57291e663f37b3190047803b | States_of_Germany | The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c... | How many states was the German Reich to divided into? | How many states was the German Reich to divided into? | [
"How many states was the German Reich to divided into?"
] | {
"text": [
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],
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The debate on a new delimitation of the German territor... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-109926 | 571007ebb654c5140001f759 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed? | In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed? | [
"In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed?"
] | {
"text": [
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],
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Several states have never had capital punishment, the f... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-81195 | 5ad168dc645df0001a2d1a1d | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after... | How old was Victoria when she rejected the throne? | How old was Victoria when she rejected the throne? | [
"How old was Victoria when she rejected the throne?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-52992 | 5705fb9e52bb89140068975d | Bird_migration | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | What is a common pattern in North America migration? | What is a common pattern in North America migration? | [
"What is a common pattern in North America migration?"
] | {
"text": [
"clockwise"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-80746 | 5723b340f6b826140030fc80 | Queen_Victoria | In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who c... | What was the name of Victoria's eighth child? | What was the name of Victoria's eighth child? | [
"What was the name of Victoria's eighth child?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leopold"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopo... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-82911 | 56e07f7e231d4119001ac1f1 | Saint_Helena | SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service. In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical ... | SURE provides what kind of service to the territory? | SURE provides what kind of service to the territory? | [
"SURE provides what kind of service to the territory?"
] | {
"text": [
"telecommunications"
],
"answer_start": [
17
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: SURE provide the telecommunications service in the terr... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-114994 | 5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e93 | Wayback_Machine | In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. | What did the Wayback Machine keep the same? | What did the Wayback Machine keep the same? | [
"What did the Wayback Machine keep the same?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine,... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-82069 | 572ab0ca111d821400f38cd7 | Royal_assent | In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that... | Who declared the monarch incapable of acting upon an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990? | Who declared the monarch incapable of acting upon an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990? | [
"Who declared the monarch incapable of acting upon an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990?"
] | {
"text": [
"Council of Ministers"
],
"answer_start": [
576
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effe... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-12354 | 5731c1260fdd8d15006c6503 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? | Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? | [
"Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified?"
] | {
"text": [
"mechanism of action"
],
"answer_start": [
65
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-39795 | 572755c0f1498d1400e8f66d | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 9... | What area of New Haven was Route 34 originally intended to service? | What area of New Haven was Route 34 originally intended to service? | [
"What area of New Haven was Route 34 originally intended to service?"
] | {
"text": [
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],
"answer_start": [
542
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the ea... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-48650 | 572849ebff5b5019007da0fe | War_on_Terror | The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through mi... | Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones? | Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones? | [
"Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones?"
] | {
"text": [
"to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion"
],
"answer_start": [
279
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-614 | 56df5a5596943c1400a5d3fe | Plymouth | In 1945, Plymouth-born Michael Foot was elected Labour MP for the war-torn constituency of Plymouth Devonport and after serving as Secretary of State for Education and responsible for the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act, went on to become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party. | What party did Michael Foot become a leader of? | What party did Michael Foot become a leader of? | [
"What party did Michael Foot become a leader of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Labour"
],
"answer_start": [
48
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 1945, Plymouth-born Michael Foot was elected Labour ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-95041 | 5710febab654c5140001fa8c | Age_of_Enlightenment | Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedias spanned into ancient times, the texts changed from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words in 18th-century encyclopedic dictionaries. The works were part of an Enlightenment movement to systematize knowledge an... | What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote? | What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote? | [
"What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote?"
] | {
"text": [
"to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite"
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"answer_start": [
293
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedia... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-66178 | 5a64fb54c2b11c001a425b69 | ASCII | The committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data trans... | Why did the committee debate adding a character code function? | Why did the committee debate adding a character code function? | [
"Why did the committee debate adding a character code function?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The committee debated the possibility of a shift functi... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-63581 | 57261d0d38643c19005ad02f | Buckingham_Palace | Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During ... | What is the largest room in the palace? | What is the largest room in the palace? | [
"What is the largest room in the palace?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ballroom"
],
"answer_start": [
127
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoo... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-115404 | 56eaa11d0030b61400a34ff6 | Political_corruption | Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this is a tri-lateral relation. From a legal point of view, the role of the third party (who is the target of the ... | Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing? | Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing? | [
"Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?"
] | {
"text": [
"distinctive criteria"
],
"answer_start": [
996
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a p... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-62653 | 5a7b9b6521c2de001afea1b0 | Software_testing | In contrast, some emerging software disciplines such as extreme programming and the agile software development movement, adhere to a "test-driven software development" model. In this process, unit tests are written first, by the software engineers (often with pair programming in the extreme programming methodology). Of... | The goal of unit testing is to achieve discontinuous integration where software updates can be what? | The goal of unit testing is to achieve discontinuous integration where software updates can be what? | [
"The goal of unit testing is to achieve discontinuous integration where software updates can be what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-84622 | 5ad4d2705b96ef001a10a1d0 | San_Diego | San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to dam... | When did California's smallest wildfire of the century take place? | When did California's smallest wildfire of the century take place? | [
"When did California's smallest wildfire of the century take place?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic w... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-10809 | 56fdeebd19033b140034cde4 | Computer | Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code b... | Programming languages are translated at run time by what? | Programming languages are translated at run time by what? | [
"Programming languages are translated at run time by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"an interpreter"
],
"answer_start": [
405
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Programming languages provide various ways of specifyin... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-54177 | 5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff733 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NAT... | What location is a Canadian navy base located whose name is also a dog breed? | What location is a Canadian navy base located whose name is also a dog breed? | [
"What location is a Canadian navy base located whose name is also a dog breed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Albert... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-105171 | 5726f3eef1498d1400e8f0c7 | History_of_science | From their beginnings in Sumer (now Iraq) around 3500 BC, the Mesopotamian people began to attempt to record some observations of the world with numerical data. But their observations and measurements were seemingly taken for purposes other than for elucidating scientific laws. A concrete instance of Pythagoras' law wa... | How far back do the Mesopotamian people go? | How far back do the Mesopotamian people go? | [
"How far back do the Mesopotamian people go?"
] | {
"text": [
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],
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49
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: From their beginnings in Sumer (now Iraq) around 3500 B... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-41952 | 5a42bfc04a4859001aac72dd | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | PAL consoles face another incompatibility when playing out-of-region cartridges: the NTSC video standard specifies video at 60 Hz while PAL operates at 50 Hz, resulting in approximately 16.7% slower gameplay. Additionally, PAL's higher resolution results in letterboxing of the output image. Some commercial PAL region r... | What does NTSC higher resolution result in? | What does NTSC higher resolution result in? | [
"What does NTSC higher resolution result in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: PAL consoles face another incompatibility when playing ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-90061 | 5acf809d77cf76001a685012 | Somerset | Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with 98.8% registering as white British and 92.4% of these as born in the United Kingdom. Chinese is the largest ethnic group, while the black minority ethnic proportion of the total population is 2.9%. Over 25% of Somerset's population is concentrated in Taunton, Brid... | What proportion of the Chinese ethnic group live in rural Somerset? | What proportion of the Chinese ethnic group live in rural Somerset? | [
"What proportion of the Chinese ethnic group live in rural Somerset?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-66127 | 570bdc256b8089140040fa9c | ASCII | Some software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character", and this interpretation also became common in Unix systems. M... | What did some software do to the ASCII characters? | What did some software do to the ASCII characters? | [
"What did some software do to the ASCII characters?"
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
14
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Some software assigned special meanings to ASCII charac... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-94124 | 5a7e4b1870df9f001a8756bb | Cork_(city) | Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. Cork Airport records an average of 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) of precipitation annually, most of which is rain. The airport records an average of 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the y... | How many days of fog are there in Ireland a year? | How many days of fog are there in Ireland a year? | [
"How many days of fog are there in Ireland a year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-81211 | 57267e59f1498d1400e8e1aa | Queen_Victoria | At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers... | Who was to act as regent if George died while Victoria was still a minor? | Who was to act as regent if George died while Victoria was still a minor? | [
"Who was to act as regent if George died while Victoria was still a minor?"
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
828
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-74821 | 570e76540dc6ce19002050ab | Melbourne | CSL, one of the world's top five biotech companies, and Sigma Pharmaceuticals have their headquarters in Melbourne. The two are the largest listed Australian pharmaceutical companies. Melbourne has an important ICT industry that employs over 60,000 people (one third of Australia's ICT workforce), with a turnover of $19... | In 2008, Melbourne overtook what city with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city? | In 2008, Melbourne overtook what city with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city? | [
"In 2008, Melbourne overtook what city with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sydney"
],
"answer_start": [
560
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: CSL, one of the world's top five biotech companies, and... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-17006 | 5725cdb989a1e219009abefc | Israel | Despite limited natural resources, intensive development of the agricultural and industrial sectors over the past decades has made Israel largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from grains and beef. Imports to Israel, totaling $77.59 billion in 2012, include raw materials, military equipment, investment good... | Imports to Israel totaled what in 2012? | Imports to Israel totaled what in 2012? | [
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] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
238
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Despite limited natural resources, intensive developmen... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-67930 | 57301654a23a5019007fcd48 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer... | What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island? | What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island? | [
"What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-89688 | 57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e2 | The_Blitz | London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,... | The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery? | The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery? | [
"The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery?"
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General P... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-88244 | 56d89fbcbfea0914004b76fb | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symb... | What day was the Olympic torch lit for the 2008 games? | What day was the Olympic torch lit for the 2008 games? | [
"What day was the Olympic torch lit for the 2008 games?"
] | {
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Context: After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-80127 | 5726c12a5951b619008f7d4a | Samoa | The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in... | What portion of Samoa works in agriculture? | What portion of Samoa works in agriculture? | [
"What portion of Samoa works in agriculture?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and reg... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-18778 | 5ad0bf6e645df0001a2d01a0 | Premier_League | Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaste... | In which decade was the high point for English football? | In which decade was the high point for English football? | [
"In which decade was the high point for English football?"
] | {
"text": [],
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-98700 | 57268d7ef1498d1400e8e394 | Marvel_Comics | On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Com... | What was the sale price of Marvel? | What was the sale price of Marvel? | [
"What was the sale price of Marvel?"
] | {
"text": [
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133
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-8833 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e8 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation? | Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation? | [
"Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-7678 | 5a8c935dfd22b3001a8d8b74 | Database | Static analysis techniques for software verification can be applied also in the scenario of query languages. In particular, the *Abstract interpretation framework has been extended to the field of query languages for relational databases as a way to support sound approximation techniques. The semantics of query languag... | What is a security measure that no longer uses a relational database system? | What is a security measure that no longer uses a relational database system? | [
"What is a security measure that no longer uses a relational database system?"
] | {
"text": [],
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Static analysis techniques for software verification ca... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-62219 | 57268c675951b619008f7657 | Chicago_Cubs | The Cubs had no official physical mascot prior to Clark, though a man in a 'polar bear' looking outfit, called "The Bear-man" (or Beeman), which was mildly popular with the fans, paraded the stands briefly in the early 1990s. There is no record of whether or not he was just a fan in a costume or employed by the club. T... | What did "The Bear-man" wear as an outfit? | What did "The Bear-man" wear as an outfit? | [
"What did \"The Bear-man\" wear as an outfit?"
] | {
"text": [
"'polar bear' looking outfit"
],
"answer_start": [
75
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Cubs had no official physical mascot prior to Clark... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-14627 | 5ad3c9a9604f3c001a3ff0aa | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911). The former two books were a... | With what mathematician and philosopher did Whitehead reject to write Principia Mathematica? | With what mathematician and philosopher did Whitehead reject to write Principia Mathematica? | [
"With what mathematician and philosopher did Whitehead reject to write Principia Mathematica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whiteh... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-33600 | 57263eaf89a1e219009ac5b8 | Film_speed | The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography. Scheiner's system rated the speed of a plate by the least exposure to produce a visible darkening upon development. Speed w... | Approximately how many degrees indicate double the sensitivity? | Approximately how many degrees indicate double the sensitivity? | [
"Approximately how many degrees indicate double the sensitivity? "
] | {
"text": [
"an increment of 3° Sch"
],
"answer_start": [
502
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the Germ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-8563 | 56df54f18bc80c19004e4aba | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest? | Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest? | [
"Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?"
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"text": [
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67
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Context: The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland o... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-5153 | 56e15ea9cd28a01900c6781e | Boston | Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino, is the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive, which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This, much like the green housing developments, gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communit... | Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive? | Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive? | [
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] | {
"text": [
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42
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-57207 | 572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ecf | Muslim_world | The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Gra... | There what is the latest year for the end of the Islamic Golden Age? | There what is the latest year for the end of the Islamic Golden Age? | [
"There what is the latest year for the end of the Islamic Golden Age?"
] | {
"text": [
"1492"
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"answer_start": [
245
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages i... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-80211 | 5a629330f8d794001af1c0fb | Samoa | In music, popular local bands include The Five Stars, Penina o Tiafau and Punialava'a. The Yandall Sisters' cover of the song Sweet Inspiration reached number one on the New Zealand charts in 1974. King Kapisi was the first hip hop artist to receive the prestigious New Zealand APRA Silver Scroll Award in 1999 for his s... | What kind of music style does Penina o Tiafau use? | What kind of music style does Penina o Tiafau use? | [
"What kind of music style does Penina o Tiafau use?"
] | {
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Context: In music, popular local bands include The Five Stars, P... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-80048 | 5726b1c05951b619008f7ac7 | Samoa | From the end of World War I until 1962, New Zealand controlled Samoa as a Class C Mandate under trusteeship through the League of Nations, then through the United Nations. There followed a series of New Zealand administrators who were responsible for two major incidents. In the first incident, approximately one fifth o... | About how much of the total population of Samoa died from influenza during the epidemic? | About how much of the total population of Samoa died from influenza during the epidemic? | [
"About how much of the total population of Samoa died from influenza during the epidemic?"
] | {
"text": [
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309
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: From the end of World War I until 1962, New Zealand con... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-84130 | 5a7e3a9b70df9f001a8755b6 | Translation | The 19th century brought new standards of accuracy and style. In regard to accuracy, observes J.M. Cohen, the policy became "the text, the whole text, and nothing but the text", except for any bawdy passages and the addition of copious explanatory footnotes. In regard to style, the Victorians' aim, achieved through far... | What did the Victorians aim to remind the writer of in their translations? | What did the Victorians aim to remind the writer of in their translations? | [
"What did the Victorians aim to remind the writer of in their translations?"
] | {
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Context: The 19th century brought new standards of accuracy and ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-95600 | 5726d8c9dd62a815002e9267 | Yale_University | During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique". When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diff... | Why was Howard Dean proud of his graduating class? | Why was Howard Dean proud of his graduating class? | [
"Why was Howard Dean proud of his graduating class?"
] | {
"text": [
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],
"answer_start": [
688
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bus... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-14709 | 5733349d4776f41900660791 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists a... | What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics? | What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics? | [
"What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics?"
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
413
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-21064 | 5a7704962d6d7f001a4a9f16 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California and most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of ... | What was North Dakota a part of? | What was North Dakota a part of? | [
"What was North Dakota a part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-5861 | 5ad2a231d7d075001a429cee | House_music | It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation... | What type of Shade fusion did Dennis Ferrer produce? | What type of Shade fusion did Dennis Ferrer produce? | [
"What type of Shade fusion did Dennis Ferrer produce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: It was during this decade that vocal house became firml... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-84029 | 573070bb396df91900096100 | Translation | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation? | What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation? | [
"What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation?"
] | {
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"the original text"
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"answer_start": [
163
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: When a historic document survives only in translation, ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-46759 | 57267df65951b619008f7496 | Department_store | In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store. In 1879, it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city's downtown. In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban malls throu... | How many Horne's stores did Federated Department Stores buy in 1994? | How many Horne's stores did Federated Department Stores buy in 1994? | [
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] | {
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580
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a lea... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-98573 | 57267749dd62a815002e85ec | Marvel_Comics | Lee and freelance artist and eventual co-plotter Jack Kirby's Fantastic Four originated in a Cold War culture that led their creators to revise the superhero conventions of previous eras to better reflect the psychological spirit of their age. Eschewing such comic-book tropes as secret identities and even costumes at f... | The emphasis on relatable settings and character motivations in Marvel's 1960s comics is called what? | The emphasis on relatable settings and character motivations in Marvel's 1960s comics is called what? | [
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] | {
"text": [
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438
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Lee and freelance artist and eventual co-plotter Jack K... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-84158 | 5a7e3cb870df9f001a875609 | Translation | Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read—are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them. The most familiar types are translations presented as subtitles or surtitles pro... | What kind of text is not allowed to have a translation? | What kind of text is not allowed to have a translation? | [
"What kind of text is not allowed to have a translation?"
] | {
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type me... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-85892 | 57112a6eb654c5140001fc06 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization p... | What did the repair centers promise? | What did the repair centers promise? | [
"What did the repair centers promise?"
] | {
"text": [
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165
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authoriz... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-57121 | 5728da31ff5b5019007da81e | Apollo | Four days after his birth, Apollo killed the chthonic dragon Python, which lived in Delphi beside the Castalian Spring. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies. Hera sent the serpent to hunt Leto to her death across the world. To protect his mother, Apollo begged... | What was the name of the chthonic dragon? | What was the name of the chthonic dragon? | [
"What was the name of the chthonic dragon?"
] | {
"text": [
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61
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Four days after his birth, Apollo killed the chthonic d... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-40061 | 5727b7823acd2414000dea77 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Artspace on Orange Street is one of several contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of local, national, and international artists. Others include City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area. Westville galleries include Kehler Liddell, Jennifer Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye. The Erec... | For what annual New Haven art event, held in early October, is the Erector Square complex used? | For what annual New Haven art event, held in early October, is the Erector Square complex used? | [
"For what annual New Haven art event, held in early October, is the Erector Square complex used? "
] | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
498
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} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
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gem-squad_v2-train-115603 | 5709885bed30961900e842b2 | England_national_football_team | Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non–English manager of England. Despite controversial press coverage of his personal life, Eriksson was consistently popular with the majority of fans.[citation needed] He guided England to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup... | In what year did Sven-Göran Eriksson become the manager of England's football team? | In what year did Sven-Göran Eriksson become the manager of England's football team? | [
"In what year did Sven-Göran Eriksson become the manager of England's football team?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 200... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-61800 | 572a69757a1753140016af1a | Madrasa | In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madaris (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to an endowed mosque. In the 11th century, the famous Persian Islamic philosopher and teacher Ibn Sīnā (known as Avicen... | Who wrote a training guide for Islamic maktab teachers? | Who wrote a training guide for Islamic maktab teachers? | [
"Who wrote a training guide for Islamic maktab teachers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ibn Sīnā"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-88900 | 570f541b80d9841400ab358e | Circadian_rhythm | Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism. In mice, deletion of the Rev-ErbA alpha clock gene facilitates diet-induced obesity and... | What do mice without the clock gene become? | What do mice without the clock gene become? | [
"What do mice without the clock gene become?"
] | {
"text": [
"hyperphagic and obese"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demon... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-105695 | 572f5fe6947a6a140053c8dc | Compact_disc | Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD... | In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase? | In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase? | [
"In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase?"
] | {
"text": [
"1982"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storag... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-42278 | 5ad25e92d7d075001a428f27 | Karl_Popper | According to this theory, the conditions for the truth of a sentence as well as the sentences themselves are part of a metalanguage. So, for example, the sentence "Snow is white" is true if and only if snow is white. Although many philosophers have interpreted, and continue to interpret, Tarski's theory as a deflationa... | What does Tarski base his interpretation of Popper on? | What does Tarski base his interpretation of Popper on? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-32640 | 5ad242ecd7d075001a4289af | Antarctica | About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of... | What ice sheet averages at least1 kilometer thick? | What ice sheet averages at least1 kilometer thick? | [
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Context: About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-115362 | 56ea97140030b61400a34fbd | Political_corruption | Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the f... | Where is corruption most noticeable? | Where is corruption most noticeable? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-75501 | 5acfc92477cf76001a685f89 | Cubism | The art historian Douglas Cooper states that Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907". Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exagge... | Who said The disruptive, expressionist element in it is not at all contrary to the spirit of Cubism" | Who said The disruptive, expressionist element in it is not at all contrary to the spirit of Cubism" | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-604 | 56de81824396321400ee2994 | Plymouth | The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Cha... | In what year was Plymouth recognized as a town? | In what year was Plymouth recognized as a town? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-35675 | 5a48768584b8a4001a7e7896 | Imperial_College_London | In September 2014, Professor Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money. The College made its first public announcement of his death on 4 December 2014. Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that h... | Who was fired for not raising grant money? | Who was fired for not raising grant money? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-83415 | 5727d8773acd2414000dedf4 | Dominican_Order | Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, e... | Albert Magnus was also known as "Albert the what"? | Albert Magnus was also known as "Albert the what"? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-30776 | 57267cbe708984140094c7c1 | Mexico_City | In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, resi... | When did the Federal District receive more power? | When did the Federal District receive more power? | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-108914 | 5726cf505951b619008f7e9a | Literature | Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints and miraculous chronicles, but the most characteristic form of the Middle Ages was the romance, an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative with strong popular appeal. Controversial, religious, political and instruction... | What form of literature enjoyed the most widespread popularity during the Middle Ages? | What form of literature enjoyed the most widespread popularity during the Middle Ages? | [
"What form of literature enjoyed the most widespread popularity during the Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [
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gem-squad_v2-train-73049 | 56d369ca59d6e41400146321 | American_Idol | Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for s... | Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen? | Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen? | [
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] | {
"text": [
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576
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gem-squad_v2-train-73025 | 56d3686b59d6e41400146305 | American_Idol | In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan o... | What year did American Idol first air on FOX? | What year did American Idol first air on FOX? | [
"What year did American Idol first air on FOX?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones at... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-58517 | 5a2ac1e45b078a001a2f06f6 | Sanskrit | The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Class... | In which grades is learning Sanskrit required? | In which grades is learning Sanskrit required? | [
"In which grades is learning Sanskrit required?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of Indi... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-92392 | 5730d552b54a4f140068cca6 | United_States_Air_Force | Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. This mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive ... | What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies? | What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies? | [
"What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies? "
] | {
"text": [
"operations to ensure freedom of action in space"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freed... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-7364 | 57301e1604bcaa1900d771be | Georgian_architecture | Public buildings generally varied between the extremes of plain boxes with grid windows and Italian Late Renaissance palaces, depending on budget. Somerset House in London, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1776 for government offices, was as magnificent as any country house, though never quite finished, as funds ran... | What was considered a lesser class of designers? | What was considered a lesser class of designers? | [
"What was considered a lesser class of designers?"
] | {
"text": [
"surveyors"
],
"answer_start": [
695
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Public buildings generally varied between the extremes ... | [
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gem-squad_v2-train-293 | 56f78bb1a6d7ea1400e1724d | Marshall_Islands | Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts. | What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands? | What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands? | [
"What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"historical or oral records"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | <s>[INST] You are an agent answering questions as part of a reading comprehension activity. You must read and understand the context text step by step. Answers consist of 0 to 5 words, exclusively continuous words taken from the contextual text provided.
Context: Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd mi... | [
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