gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-73013 | 56daed37e7c41114004b4b2e | American_Idol | For an unprecedented eight consecutive years, from the 2003–04 television season through the 2010–11 season, either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings. The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude it... | When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending? | When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending? | [
"When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 11, 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38726 | 570c52dfb3d812140066d106 | FC_Barcelona | Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard... | To whom was Messi's goal in the first leg of the Copa del Rey compared? | To whom was Messi's goal in the first leg of the Copa del Rey compared? | [
"To whom was Messi's goal in the first leg of the Copa del Rey compared?"
] | {
"text": [
"Diego Maradona"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89477 | 572f6689b2c2fd14005680d7 | The_Blitz | Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for o... | What kind of prestige was Hitler hoping for? | What kind of prestige was Hitler hoping for? | [
"What kind of prestige was Hitler hoping for?"
] | {
"text": [
"political"
],
"answer_start": [
758
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40338 | 56e74a8e00c9c71400d76f5e | Paper | Its knowledge and uses spread from China through the Middle East to medieval Europe in the 13th century, where the first water powered paper mills were built. Because of paper's introduction to the West through the city of Baghdad, it was first called bagdatikos. In the 19th century, industrial manufacture greatly lowe... | In which century did the process become much cheaper than before? | In which century did the process become much cheaper than before? | [
"In which century did the process become much cheaper than before?"
] | {
"text": [
"19th"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29062 | 5ad37ba5604f3c001a3fe3ff | Pharmaceutical_industry | The thalidomide tragedy resurrected Kefauver's bill to enhance drug regulation that had stalled in Congress, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment became law on 10 October 1962. Manufacturers henceforth had to prove to FDA that their drugs were effective as well as safe before they could go on the US market. The FDA receiv... | What did the FDA study discover? | What did the FDA study discover? | [
"What did the FDA study discover?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94466 | 5726563add62a815002e81e6 | Queen_(band) | While attending Ealing Art College, Tim Staffell became friends with Farrokh Bulsara, a fellow student who had assumed the English name of Freddie. Bulsara felt that he and the band had the same tastes and soon became a keen fan of Smile. In late 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the remaining Smil... | What was the English first name Farrokh Bulsara adopted? | What was the English first name Farrokh Bulsara adopted? | [
"What was the English first name Farrokh Bulsara adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"Freddie"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80084 | 5726b98bf1498d1400e8e8f2 | Samoa | Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of... | What office was held by Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II? | What office was held by Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II? | [
"What office was held by Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prime Minister"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7330 | 5a1389b6c8eab200188dc9c4 | Georgian_architecture | In towns even most better-off people lived in terraced houses, which typically opened straight onto the street, often with a few steps up to the door. There was often an open space, protected by iron railings, dropping down to the basement level, with a discreet entrance down steps off the street for servants and deliv... | Due to the new entry style what rooms were moved up one floor? | Due to the new entry style what rooms were moved up one floor? | [
"Due to the new entry style what rooms were moved up one floor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10282 | 56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b61f | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants? | What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants? | [
"What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants?"
] | {
"text": [
"metabiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56083 | 56e7a35800c9c71400d77463 | Arena_Football_League | In 2014, the league announced the granting of a new franchise to former Mötley Crüe frontman Vince Neil, previously part-owner of the Jacksonville Sharks. That franchise, the Las Vegas Outlaws, were originally to play in Las Vegas at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in 2015, but instead played their home games at the Thomas ... | Along with the Las Vegas Gladiators, what prior AFL team played its home games at the Thomas & Mack Center? | Along with the Las Vegas Gladiators, what prior AFL team played its home games at the Thomas & Mack Center? | [
"Along with the Las Vegas Gladiators, what prior AFL team played its home games at the Thomas & Mack Center?"
] | {
"text": [
"Las Vegas Sting"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83070 | 56de98ddcffd8e1900b4ba1d | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknow... | The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date? | The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date? | [
"The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 6, 2003"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73702 | 56d38b8959d6e414001466e1 | American_Idol | The dominance of American Idol in the ratings had made it the most profitable show in U.S. TV for many years. The show was estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004 through sales of TV ads, albums, merchandise and concert tickets. By season seven, the show was estimated to earn around $900 million from its a... | What is the name of the American Idol theme attraction with Disney? | What is the name of the American Idol theme attraction with Disney? | [
"What is the name of the American Idol theme attraction with Disney? "
] | {
"text": [
"The American Idol Experience"
],
"answer_start": [
932
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31026 | 572742e2708984140094db8b | Mexico_City | Mexico City has three zoos. Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo. Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo. It was opened in 1924. Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos, giant panda, gorillas, caracal, hy... | What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others? | What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others? | [
"What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others?"
] | {
"text": [
"species that are in danger of extinction"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56953 | 5727f7ee4b864d19001640c7 | Gramophone_record | Eventually, when it was more common for electric recordings to be played back electrically in the 1930s and 1940s, the overall tone was much like listening to a radio of the era. Magnetic pickups became more common and were better designed as time went on, making it possible to improve the damping of spurious resonance... | What was used to dampen resonances in recordings? | What was used to dampen resonances in recordings? | [
"What was used to dampen resonances in recordings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Magnetic pickups"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18514 | 5726d4895951b619008f7f60 | Nigeria | Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates. Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country. Some children of the southern elite went to Gre... | Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria? | Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria? | [
"Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48044 | 5726f4ddf1498d1400e8f0ee | Napoleon | Napoleon's use of propaganda contributed to his rise to power, legitimated his régime, and established his image for posterity. Strict censorship, controlling aspects of the press, books, theater, and art, was part of his propaganda scheme, aimed at portraying him as bringing desperately wanted peace and stability to F... | Napoleon's skillful employment of what technique aided his rise to power, legitimized his rule, and improved his posthumous reputation? | Napoleon's skillful employment of what technique aided his rise to power, legitimized his rule, and improved his posthumous reputation? | [
"Napoleon's skillful employment of what technique aided his rise to power, legitimized his rule, and improved his posthumous reputation?"
] | {
"text": [
"propaganda"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50333 | 572e939ecb0c0d14000f12f4 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What is Neptune's mass? | What is Neptune's mass? | [
"What is Neptune's mass? "
] | {
"text": [
"1.0243×1026 kg"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45159 | 5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea4 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced th... | China is the only country where Sony does not have the rights to what? | China is the only country where Sony does not have the rights to what? | [
"China is the only country where Sony does not have the rights to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31112 | 57096d4bed30961900e840f2 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia? | What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia? | [
"What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Neo-Eriksonian"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9426 | 5a6bb13e4eec6b001a80a4c3 | Myocardial_infarction | Injured heart tissue conducts electrical impulses more slowly than normal heart tissue. The difference in conduction velocity between injured and uninjured tissue can trigger re-entry or a feedback loop that is believed to be the cause of many lethal arrhythmias. The most serious of these arrhythmias is ventricular fib... | Electrical impulses trigger what? | Electrical impulses trigger what? | [
"Electrical impulses trigger what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35330 | 5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c3 | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century? | Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century? | [
"Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamic architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47884 | 5726b0ca708984140094cdf7 | Napoleon | Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war. Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon, who became worried about the future of his empire following his death. Desperate for a legitimate heir, Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife. Hopin... | When did Marie Louise give birth? | When did Marie Louise give birth? | [
" When did Marie Louise give birth?"
] | {
"text": [
"20 March 1811"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66931 | 57283e793acd2414000df7af | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup? | What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup? | [
"What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup?"
] | {
"text": [
"CNN"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104657 | 573332054776f41900660775 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003? | What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003? | [
"What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"to combat a perceived risk of deflation"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43751 | 56d100b517492d1400aab708 | Kanye_West | West spent much of the late-1990s producing records for a number of well-known artists and music groups. The third song on Foxy Brown's second studio album Chyna Doll was produced by West. Her second effort subsequently became the very first hip-hop album by a female rapper to debut at the top of the U.S. Billboard 200... | Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for? | Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for? | [
"Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Foxy Brown"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31810 | 570da3fadf2f5219002ed095 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t... | Angara and Patriot are two examples of what type of system? | Angara and Patriot are two examples of what type of system? | [
"Angara and Patriot are two examples of what type of system?"
] | {
"text": [
"army-level missile defence systems"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87861 | 56e7c99037bdd419002c43f8 | Tristan_da_Cunha | On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins. Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning. | When did the freighter Nightingale run aground? | When did the freighter Nightingale run aground? | [
"When did the freighter Nightingale run aground?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-323 | 56f78d9daef2371900625bca | Marshall_Islands | The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island t... | What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th? | What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th? | [
"What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th?"
] | {
"text": [
"Corrales"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42988 | 570d76f1fed7b91900d46170 | Franco-Prussian_War | During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January... | What did the National Guard refuse to obey? | What did the National Guard refuse to obey? | [
"What did the National Guard refuse to obey?"
] | {
"text": [
"commands from the national government"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29694 | 5ad16a9a645df0001a2d1a6c | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her biological and only son, whose con... | What is the name of the Latin father who is considered Jesus' cousin? | What is the name of the Latin father who is considered Jesus' cousin? | [
"What is the name of the Latin father who is considered Jesus' cousin? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41461 | 56cde29b62d2951400fa6968 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse.... | What power plant was damaged? | What power plant was damaged? | [
"What power plant was damaged?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hydropower Plant"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62441 | 5a6a5dd1a9e0c9001a4e9dac | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Menzies ran strongly against Labor's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory in the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation. The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of... | Was Evatt for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia? | Was Evatt for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia? | [
"Was Evatt for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17395 | 5ad11311645df0001a2d0c52 | Uranium | Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with an exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature. Hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve uranium, but non-oxidizing acids other than hydrochloric acid attack the element very slowly. When finely divided, it ca... | What reacts with finely multiplied uranium? | What reacts with finely multiplied uranium? | [
"What reacts with finely multiplied uranium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26012 | 5ad0b25f645df0001a2d009b | Edmund_Burke | In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergradu... | What group of people did Middle Temple refuse to grant degrees to? | What group of people did Middle Temple refuse to grant degrees to? | [
"What group of people did Middle Temple refuse to grant degrees to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76730 | 572ab5c7be1ee31400cb81b4 | Philadelphia | Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century. Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse. Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegi... | What is the symbol of rowing in the city? | What is the symbol of rowing in the city? | [
"What is the symbol of rowing in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boathouse Row"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101497 | 56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319b | Dog | In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the ... | What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound? | What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound? | [
"What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound?"
] | {
"text": [
"mastiff."
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49683 | 570d75ccb3d812140066d99e | Valencia | Once a year between 2008–2012 the European Formula One Grand Prix took place in the Valencia Street Circuit. Valencia is among with Barcelona, Porto and Monte Carlo the only European cities ever to host Formula One World Championship Grands Prix on public roads in the middle of cities. The final race in 2012 European G... | What motorcycle event is held in Valencia? | What motorcycle event is held in Valencia? | [
"What motorcycle event is held in Valencia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31625 | 570d5502b3d812140066d6d3 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The basic air defence unit is typically a battery with 2 to 12 guns or missile launchers and fire control elements. These batteries, particularly with guns, usually deploy in a small area, although batteries may be split; this is usual for some missile systems. SHORAD missile batteries often deploy across an area with ... | Several dozen teams can deploy individually in small sections when what is handled by a specialist? | Several dozen teams can deploy individually in small sections when what is handled by a specialist? | [
"Several dozen teams can deploy individually in small sections when what is handled by a specialist?"
] | {
"text": [
"MANPADS"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41213 | 57319331497a88190024905c | Egypt | The permanent headquarters of the Arab League are located in Cairo and the body's secretary general has traditionally been Egyptian. This position is currently held by former foreign minister Nabil el-Araby. The Arab League briefly moved from Egypt to Tunis in 1978 to protest the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, but it later... | Who is the leader of Arab League? | Who is the leader of Arab League? | [
"Who is the leader of Arab League?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nabil el-Araby"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99132 | 572792f3f1498d1400e8fc8f | Turner_Classic_Movies | In December 1994, TCM debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased notable film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers and cinematographers) that occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer en... | In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers? | In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers? | [
"In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
974
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44599 | 5707233f90286e26004fc953 | Chihuahua_(state) | Hidalgo was turned over to the Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares, for an official defrocking and excommunication on July 27, 1811. He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed by firing squad on July 30 at 7 in the morning. Before his execution, he thanked his jailers, Private Sol... | In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried? | In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried? | [
"In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chihuahua"
],
"answer_start": [
967
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42223 | 5728ae21ff5b5019007da47f | Karl_Popper | In response to a given problem situation (), a number of competing conjectures, or tentative theories (), are systematically subjected to the most rigorous attempts at falsification possible. This process, error elimination (), performs a similar function for science that natural selection performs for biological evolu... | Toward what does Popper believe scientific understandings progress? | Toward what does Popper believe scientific understandings progress? | [
"Toward what does Popper believe scientific understandings progress?"
] | {
"text": [
"more and more interesting problems"
],
"answer_start": [
979
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103483 | 5ad2d3dbd7d075001a42a3bc | Multiracial_American | Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/gr... | Who has accused the media of ignoring blonde Hispanic Americans? | Who has accused the media of ignoring blonde Hispanic Americans? | [
"Who has accused the media of ignoring blonde Hispanic Americans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103742 | 572a4c637a1753140016ae83 | East_Prussia | In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe... | In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg? | In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg? | [
"In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg? "
] | {
"text": [
"Mikhail Kalinin"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99253 | 5730429d04bcaa1900d7743a | 51st_state | In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status. The 2012 referend... | What argument do those opposing statehood use? | What argument do those opposing statehood use? | [
"What argument do those opposing statehood use?"
] | {
"text": [
"the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11101 | 5ad2ed91604f3c001a3fd9df | Anthropology | Applied Anthropology refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems. It is a, "complex of related, research-based, instrumental methods which produce change or stability in specific cultural systems through the provision of data, initiation of direc... | What refers to the study of the methods and theries of anthropology? | What refers to the study of the methods and theries of anthropology? | [
"What refers to the study of the methods and theries of anthropology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40709 | 57096d77200fba1400367fcd | Communication | Family communication study looks at topics such as family rules, family roles or family dialectics and how those factors could affect the communication between family members. Researchers develop theories to understand communication behaviors. Family communication study also digs deep into certain time periods of famil... | What is some factors in family communication that could affect communication between family members? | What is some factors in family communication that could affect communication between family members? | [
"What is some factors in family communication that could affect communication between family members?"
] | {
"text": [
"family rules, family roles or family dialectics"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108507 | 572bdd2e2babe914003c2960 | Tennessee | Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The w... | Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest? | Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest? | [
"Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chattanooga"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38608 | 570c0778ec8fbc190045bc22 | FC_Barcelona | On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192... | What past president of the Barcelona club committed suicide in 1930? | What past president of the Barcelona club committed suicide in 1930? | [
"What past president of the Barcelona club committed suicide in 1930?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gamper"
],
"answer_start": [
1012
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38100 | 57303f17b2c2fd1400568ae0 | Roman_Republic | The legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complement of legal and politi... | Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts? | Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts? | [
"Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?"
] | {
"text": [
"assemblies"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56085 | 56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746a | Arena_Football_League | Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner. | What was Jerry Kurz's job title prior to being president of the AFL? | What was Jerry Kurz's job title prior to being president of the AFL? | [
"What was Jerry Kurz's job title prior to being president of the AFL?"
] | {
"text": [
"commissioner"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12310 | 57302106a23a5019007fcdf7 | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t... | Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills? | Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills? | [
"Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills?"
] | {
"text": [
"The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-402 | 56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bd | Marshall_Islands | Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security... | What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of? | What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of? | [
"What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Micronesia"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15930 | 5a83060be60761001a2eb30e | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What does the binding set off that will result in something invisible in various ways? | What does the binding set off that will result in something invisible in various ways? | [
"What does the binding set off that will result in something invisible in various ways?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31899 | 57268e59708984140094c9f5 | Myanmar | Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Myanmar as early as 400,000 years ago. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 11,000 BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. Evidence of neolithic age domestication ... | What extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological period is believed to have dwelled in Myanmar? | What extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological period is believed to have dwelled in Myanmar? | [
"What extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological period is believed to have dwelled in Myanmar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Homo erectus"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80674 | 5a66c406f038b7001ab0c102 | Data_compression | Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fr... | Who introduced redundancy reduction in 1974? | Who introduced redundancy reduction in 1974? | [
"Who introduced redundancy reduction in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10432 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685104 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators als... | How were comics published when serialization became more common? | How were comics published when serialization became more common? | [
"How were comics published when serialization became more common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46543 | 5726638ef1498d1400e8ddec | Department_store | The first department stores Lane Crawford was opened in 1850 by Scots Thomas Ash Lane and Ninian Crawford on Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong Island. At the beginning, the store mainly catered visiting ships' crews as well as British Navy staff and their families. In 1900, the first ethnic-Chinese owned Sincere Department Sto... | What was the store's original target customer base? | What was the store's original target customer base? | [
"What was the store's original target customer base?"
] | {
"text": [
"visiting ships' crews as well as British Navy staff and their families"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7237 | 5730106ab2c2fd14005687cd | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building ... | During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into? | During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into? | [
"During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?"
] | {
"text": [
"property developers"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14755 | 573098542461fd1900a9cedd | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions ... | What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead? | What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead? | [
"What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead?"
] | {
"text": [
"how the universe works"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104061 | 5a07f8453fc87400182070cc | Infrared | The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller ... | What can be used to detect protostars when they are cool? | What can be used to detect protostars when they are cool? | [
"What can be used to detect protostars when they are cool?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69031 | 572f896da23a5019007fc70d | Modern_history | A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time. The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail. ... | Who was first to invade Manchuria? | Who was first to invade Manchuria? | [
"Who was first to invade Manchuria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98905 | 56de725c4396321400ee2921 | Heresy | In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were decl... | What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution? | What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution? | [
"What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sharia law"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25580 | 5731092be6313a140071cb7f | Namibia | The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of al... | Avani Hotels and resorts is a chain resort in Windhoek, what is another? | Avani Hotels and resorts is a chain resort in Windhoek, what is another? | [
"Avani Hotels and resorts is a chain resort in Windhoek, what is another?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hilton Hotels and Resorts"
],
"answer_start": [
879
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98857 | 56de719ccffd8e1900b4b8f4 | Heresy | In his work "On the Jews and Their Lies" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was "assailed by much heresy", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, "as it still does daily before our eyes." He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being "blasphemous" (s... | What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy? | What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy? | [
"What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"On the Jews and Their Lies\""
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67925 | 5ad419ca604f3c001a400480 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ... | Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from police? | Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from police? | [
"Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from police?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17819 | 56cee7a2aab44d1400b88c62 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid compe... | What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre? | What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre? | [
"What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre?"
] | {
"text": [
"Skyfall"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11371 | 57277cf9708984140094df00 | North_Carolina | North Carolina was inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of prehistoric indigenous cultures. Before 200 AD, they were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by 1000 AD in the... | Before 200 AD, people built what kind of mounds for religious purposes? | Before 200 AD, people built what kind of mounds for religious purposes? | [
"Before 200 AD, people built what kind of mounds for religious purposes?"
] | {
"text": [
"earthwork"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114907 | 5a7e05ef70df9f001a875427 | Matter | These quarks and leptons interact through four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The Standard Model of particle physics is currently the best explanation for all of physics, but despite decades of efforts, gravity cannot yet be accounted for at the quantum level;... | Interactions between quarks and leptons are the exchange of what? | Interactions between quarks and leptons are the exchange of what? | [
"Interactions between quarks and leptons are the exchange of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111470 | 573214afe99e3014001e64e3 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers? | What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers? | [
"What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Augustus"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6518 | 5ad2e13cd7d075001a42a604 | PlayStation_3 | Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this applicat... | What application was introduced in software version 1.60? | What application was introduced in software version 1.60? | [
"What application was introduced in software version 1.60?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7860 | 5acfca7977cf76001a686007 | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter.... | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed? | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed? | [
"When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66853 | 572821923acd2414000df531 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 3... | How many people demonstrated on October 1? | How many people demonstrated on October 1? | [
"How many people demonstrated on October 1?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000 to 15,000"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76864 | 572642daec44d21400f3dd0b | Dutch_language | Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the ... | In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop? | In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop? | [
"In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iron Age"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101991 | 57291a3e1d04691400779037 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | Which state was West Berlin apart of? | Which state was West Berlin apart of? | [
"Which state was West Berlin apart of?"
] | {
"text": [
"neither a Western German state nor part of one"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38738 | 570c5825fed7b91900d458e5 | FC_Barcelona | On 11 August, Barcelona started the 2015–16 season winning a joint record fifth European Super Cup by beating Sevilla FC 5–4 in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. They ended the year with a 3–0 win over Argentine club River Plate in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December to win the trophy for a record third time, with... | Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup? | Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup? | [
"Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sevilla FC"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33727 | 572657b8708984140094c31e | Film_speed | Some high-speed black-and-white films, such as Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200, are marketed with film speeds in excess of their true ISO speed as determined using the ISO testing method. For example, the Ilford product is actually an ISO 1000 film, according to its data sheet. The manufacturers do not indicate... | What speed of film is the Ilford Delta 3200? | What speed of film is the Ilford Delta 3200? | [
"What speed of film is the Ilford Delta 3200?"
] | {
"text": [
"ISO 1000"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13928 | 56de7eb84396321400ee297c | BBC_Television | David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Pl... | When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence? | When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence? | [
"When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1950s"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109687 | 5728fa232ca10214002dab62 | Samurai | As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Tho... | In what period did Japanese women begin being more educated? | In what period did Japanese women begin being more educated? | [
"In what period did Japanese women begin being more educated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tokugawa"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102821 | 5acd0faf07355d001abf32cc | Unicode | Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that th... | What was Unicode defined in? | What was Unicode defined in? | [
"What was Unicode defined in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81994 | 572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbf0 | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand? | On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand? | [
"On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand?"
] | {
"text": [
"right"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84058 | 573074f58ab72b1400f9c502 | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable? | What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable? | [
"What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable?"
] | {
"text": [
"human"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98035 | 56e0afa2231d4119001ac355 | Hydrogen | Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H+
3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation. | What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as? | What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as? | [
"What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?"
] | {
"text": [
"trihydrogen cation"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17444 | 5ad14d8a645df0001a2d16b0 | Uranium | Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth. Uranium-235 has a half-life of about 7.13×108 years, and uranium-234 has a half-life of about 2.48×105 years. For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by each of 238U atom, and... | What percentage of the gamma rays of natural uranium are emitted by 234U? | What percentage of the gamma rays of natural uranium are emitted by 234U? | [
"What percentage of the gamma rays of natural uranium are emitted by 234U?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16877 | 5725bc7d271a42140099d0e5 | Israel | On 7 June 1981, the Israeli air force destroyed Iraq's sole nuclear reactor, in order to impede Iraq's nuclear weapons program. The reactor was under construction just outside Baghdad. Following a series of PLO attacks in 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon that year to destroy the bases from which the PLO launched attacks an... | When did the Israeli air force destroy Iraq's sole nuclear reactor? | When did the Israeli air force destroy Iraq's sole nuclear reactor? | [
"When did the Israeli air force destroy Iraq's sole nuclear reactor?"
] | {
"text": [
"7 June 1981"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44974 | 56df13fdc65bf219000b3f43 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company... | What type of music was Date Records known for? | What type of music was Date Records known for? | [
"What type of music was Date Records known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"rockabilly"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51775 | 570c52b0b3d812140066d0fd | John,_King_of_England | In 1185 John made his first visit to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators. Henry had tried to have John officially proclaimed King of Ireland, but Pope Lucius III would not agree. John's first period of rule in Ireland was not a success. Ireland had only recently been conquered by Anglo-Norm... | When did John make his first visit to Ireland? | When did John make his first visit to Ireland? | [
"When did John make his first visit to Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"1185"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33465 | 56f941eb9b226e1400dd12d0 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips B... | Where does 31st Street begin? | Where does 31st Street begin? | [
"Where does 31st Street begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"West Side Yard"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47226 | 5726e19ddd62a815002e93b7 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell". It caused... | How much did the Confessions Tour make? | How much did the Confessions Tour make? | [
"How much did the Confessions Tour make?"
] | {
"text": [
"over $193.7 million"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68814 | 572f1de804bcaa1900d7674f | Modern_history | The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first r... | When did the modern petroleum industry start? | When did the modern petroleum industry start? | [
"When did the modern petroleum industry start? "
] | {
"text": [
"1846"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36731 | 5732144fe99e3014001e64de | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839, ninety-seven in 1849... | From 1861 to 1875 how many times was Dmocratic minority speaker not nominated? | From 1861 to 1875 how many times was Dmocratic minority speaker not nominated? | [
"From 1861 to 1875 how many times was Dmocratic minority speaker not nominated?"
] | {
"text": [
"two of these seven Congresses"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28942 | 5ad3b2fa604f3c001a3fed3b | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped? | Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped? | [
"Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-567 | 56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8a9 | Plymouth | In the nearby parish of Stoke Damerel the first dockyard, HMNB Devonport, opened in 1690 on the eastern bank of the River Tamar. Further docks were built here in 1727, 1762 and 1793. The settlement that developed here was called "Dock" or "Plymouth Dock" at the time, and a new town, separate from Plymouth, grew up. In ... | What was the 1733 population of Plymouth Dock? | What was the 1733 population of Plymouth Dock? | [
"What was the 1733 population of Plymouth Dock?"
] | {
"text": [
"3,000"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50032 | 5a81f70131013a001a334fe6 | Phonology | The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Mikołaj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology. He also worked on the theory of phonetic alternations (what is now call... | What was Kruszewski's profession? | What was Kruszewski's profession? | [
"What was Kruszewski's profession?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66720 | 572790d55951b619008f8db0 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one had ever voluntarily resigned from the Po... | What did Yeltsin dislike about the reforms? | What did Yeltsin dislike about the reforms? | [
"What did Yeltsin dislike about the reforms?"
] | {
"text": [
"slow pace"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91349 | 5ace56ec32bba1001ae4a316 | Avicenna | Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themse... | What can not coexist with its effect? | What can not coexist with its effect? | [
"What can not coexist with its effect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53733 | 56e830b600c9c71400d7761f | Dialect | The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes: | Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to? | Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to? | [
"Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romance"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93313 | 57311faae6313a140071cc53 | Light-emitting_diode | Phosphor-based LED efficiency losses are due to the heat loss from the Stokes shift and also other phosphor-related degradation issues. Their luminous efficacies compared to normal LEDs depend on the spectral distribution of the resultant light output and the original wavelength of the LED itself. For example, the lumi... | What is the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs? | What is the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs? | [
"What is the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"phosphor method"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32060 | 5726fff9708984140094d816 | Myanmar | Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements. The Independent reported in June 2012 that "Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol." The UN's Special Representative of the Sec... | How are children obtained for use as solders in Burma ? | How are children obtained for use as solders in Burma ? | [
"How are children obtained for use as solders in Burma ? "
] | {
"text": [
"Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84785 | 5ad4d8125b96ef001a10a31f | San_Diego | In July 2013, three former supporters of Mayor Bob Filner asked him to resign because of allegations of repeated sexual harassment. Over the ensuing six weeks, 18 women came forward to publicly claim that Filner had sexually harassed them, and multiple individuals and groups called for him to resign. On August 19 Filne... | When did a mediation process begin between Filner and a county representative? | When did a mediation process begin between Filner and a county representative? | [
"When did a mediation process begin between Filner and a county representative?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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