gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-60938 | 5aceb66b32bba1001ae4b12d | Police | Law enforcement in Ancient China was carried out by "prefects" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. They were appointed by local magistrate... | What period was the Chin kingdom in? | What period was the Chin kingdom in? | [
"What period was the Chin kingdom in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30445 | 57299db76aef051400155033 | Appalachian_Mountains | The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss] The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre... | How large is the zone in Canada? | How large is the zone in Canada? | [
"How large is the zone in Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"100 to 300 mi"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80956 | 5ad1757b645df0001a2d1cc0 | Queen_Victoria | On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the ... | Where wasn't Orsini from? | Where wasn't Orsini from? | [
"Where wasn't Orsini from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12718 | 5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb57 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral? | What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral? | [
"What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39491 | 57275002dd62a815002e9adf | FA_Cup | Beginning in August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of twelve rounds, a semi-final and then a final, in May. A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages. There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random d... | What happens in the event of a tie? | What happens in the event of a tie? | [
"What happens in the event of a tie?"
] | {
"text": [
"fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74688 | 570e53690b85d914000d7e3c | Melbourne | Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as the availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. Howe... | What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents? | What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents? | [
"What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents?"
] | {
"text": [
"increased"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5672 | 5706ae9775f01819005e7d25 | House_music | Kevin Saunderson's company KMS Records contributed many releases that were as much house music as they were techno. These tracks were well received in Chicago and played on Chicago radio and in clubs.[citation needed] Blake Baxter's 1986 recording, "When we Used to Play / Work your Body", 1987's "Bounce Your Body to th... | what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1986 hit recording? | what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1986 hit recording? | [
"what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1986 hit recording?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"When we Used to Play / Work your Body\""
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115181 | 5a39eb432f14dd001ac72646 | Mammal | George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas... | What taxonomy took over AMNH's debated systematization? | What taxonomy took over AMNH's debated systematization? | [
"What taxonomy took over AMNH's debated systematization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87892 | 5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fc | Tristan_da_Cunha | The archipelago has a wet oceanic climate with pleasant temperatures but consistent moderate to heavy rainfall and very limited sunshine, due to the persistent westerly winds. The number of rainy days is comparable to the Aleutian Islands at a much higher latitude in the northern hemisphere, while sunshine hours are co... | Above which elevations is frost virtually unknown? | Above which elevations is frost virtually unknown? | [
"Above which elevations is frost virtually unknown?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90857 | 573245f7b9d445190005e97f | Pacific_War | The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians... | How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa? | How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa? | [
"How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa?"
] | {
"text": [
"38"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98436 | 56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc7 | Alps | By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the country follows t... | By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries? | By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries? | [
"By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Third Reich"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66960 | 572843344b864d1900164852 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States an... | Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November? | Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November? | [
"Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mstyslav"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94084 | 5727aa7c3acd2414000de92e | Cork_(city) | The city's municipal government was dominated by about 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe — in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt, iron and wine. The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people. It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when... | When did the plague hit Cork? | When did the plague hit Cork? | [
"When did the plague hit Cork?"
] | {
"text": [
"1349"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4893 | 5a74ee5842eae6001a389b66 | Green | Like other common colors, green has several completely opposite associations. While it is the color most associated by Europeans and Americans with good health, it is also the color most often associated with toxicity and poison. There was a solid foundation for this association; in the nineteenth century several popul... | What toxins did absinthe contain? | What toxins did absinthe contain? | [
"What toxins did absinthe contain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3835 | 56bfa3cca10cfb14005511f1 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 o... | What song did Beyonce record for the film Epic? | What song did Beyonce record for the film Epic? | [
"What song did Beyonce record for the film Epic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rise Up"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108644 | 572c97fbf182dd1900d7c7f0 | Tennessee | Interstate 40 crosses the state in a west-east orientation. Its branch interstate highways include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Alcoa and I-640 in Knoxville. I-26, although technically an east-west interstate, runs from the North Carolina border below Johnson City to its terminus at Kin... | What Tennessee cities are connected by I-269? | What Tennessee cities are connected by I-269? | [
"What Tennessee cities are connected by I-269?"
] | {
"text": [
"Millington to Collierville"
],
"answer_start": [
981
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65154 | 57297650af94a219006aa47d | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem... | Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs? | Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs? | [
"Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mark Z. Jacobson"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26875 | 5a8cfc17fd22b3001a8d90c9 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was l... | What claimed that inflation and the Federal Reserve were linked? | What claimed that inflation and the Federal Reserve were linked? | [
"What claimed that inflation and the Federal Reserve were linked?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16983 | 5725cb6c271a42140099d1e6 | Israel | Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing e... | When was MASHAV established? | When was MASHAV established? | [
"When was MASHAV established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1958"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18725 | 572fb14eb2c2fd1400568365 | Premier_League | The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May. Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season. Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday eve... | What days are most games played? | What days are most games played? | [
"What days are most games played?"
] | {
"text": [
"Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43135 | 5a85cff6b4e223001a8e722b | Poultry | Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago. Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed. Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinen... | Why is cockfighting no longer something people want to be involved with? | Why is cockfighting no longer something people want to be involved with? | [
"Why is cockfighting no longer something people want to be involved with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34377 | 56f87420a6d7ea1400e17665 | Southampton | Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southam... | Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king? | Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king? | [
"Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?"
] | {
"text": [
"King John"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6932 | 5ad4dc675b96ef001a10a464 | Red | During the French Revolution, Red became a symbol of liberty and personal freedom used by the Jacobins and other more radical parties. Many of them wore a red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap, modeled after the caps worn by freed slaves in Ancient Rome. During the height of the Reign of Terror, Women wearing red caps gathe... | What became a symbol of liberty during the Phrygian Revolution? | What became a symbol of liberty during the Phrygian Revolution? | [
"What became a symbol of liberty during the Phrygian Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42862 | 570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f3f | Franco-Prussian_War | The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn rein... | What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller? | What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller? | [
"What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Battle of Wörth"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64528 | 573356a5d058e614000b587a | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage? | Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage? | [
"Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen consort of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6962 | 5ad4e0615b96ef001a10a510 | Red | Matisse was also one of the first 20th-century artists to make color the central element of the painting, chosen to evoke emotions. "A certain blue penetrates your soul", he wrote. "A certain red affects your blood pressure." He also was familiar with the way that complementary colors, such as red and green, strengthen... | Who was the first 20th century artist to use color for feelings? | Who was the first 20th century artist to use color for feelings? | [
"Who was the first 20th century artist to use color for feelings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71436 | 5727d96f3acd2414000dee07 | Oklahoma | The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Co... | Where is the largest Jewish art collection in the southwest? | Where is the largest Jewish art collection in the southwest? | [
"Where is the largest Jewish art collection in the southwest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20305 | 572936abaf94a219006aa1a4 | Glass | Color in glass may be obtained by addition of electrically charged ions (or color centers) that are homogeneously distributed, and by precipitation of finely dispersed particles (such as in photochromic glasses). Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) ... | What can prevent a green color in glass? | What can prevent a green color in glass? | [
"What can prevent a green color in glass?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manganese dioxide"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41756 | 56d62ce51c85041400946f7d | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The State Council declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims starting from May 19, 2008; the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions flown at half mast. It was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something ... | What came to a halt during the moment of silence? | What came to a halt during the moment of silence? | [
"What came to a halt during the moment of silence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cars and trucks"
],
"answer_start": [
687
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103520 | 571e029e55697319006390fa | Multiracial_American | Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White... | What documentary features a white man in North Carolina? | What documentary features a white man in North Carolina? | [
"What documentary features a white man in North Carolina?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colored White Boy"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113021 | 570d97d816d0071400510ba9 | Adolescence | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis? | Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis? | [
"Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?"
] | {
"text": [
"seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25738 | 5a836f64e60761001a2eb6e4 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | What is copper alloys rarely used to make in the agriculture industry? | What is copper alloys rarely used to make in the agriculture industry? | [
"What is copper alloys rarely used to make in the agriculture industry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34009 | 5728ac7b2ca10214002da599 | Alaska | The 2007 gross state product was $44.9 billion, 45th in the nation. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $40,042, ranking 15th in the nation. According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 per... | Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest export? | Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest export? | [
"Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest export?"
] | {
"text": [
"seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41262 | 5731d666e17f3d1400422485 | Egypt | Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of diarrhoea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary incr... | Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition? | Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition? | [
"Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition?"
] | {
"text": [
"diarrhoea"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36736 | 5a8493017cf838001a46a966 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839, ninety-seven in 1849... | How many candidates were there from 1861-1875 for speaker? | How many candidates were there from 1861-1875 for speaker? | [
"How many candidates were there from 1861-1875 for speaker?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102995 | 5acd29f507355d001abf3773 | Unicode | Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Las... | What company uses U+FFFD? | What company uses U+FFFD? | [
"What company uses U+FFFD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115787 | 5727e9d12ca10214002d9961 | Galicia_(Spain) | The Galician road network includes autopistas and autovías connecting the major cities, as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The Autovía A-6 connects A Coruña and Lugo to Madrid, entering Galicia at Pedrafita do Cebreiro. The Autovía A-52 connects O Porriño, Ourense and Benavente, ... | The Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on which coast? | The Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on which coast? | [
"The Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on which coast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cantabrian"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52409 | 5ad39adb604f3c001a3fe87c | Miami | In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts "Bike Miami", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. T... | How many people participated in Bike Miami in October of 2008? | How many people participated in Bike Miami in October of 2008? | [
"How many people participated in Bike Miami in October of 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52181 | 572a7a17be1ee31400cb802a | Miami | Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additi... | What is the busiest cruise port in the world? | What is the busiest cruise port in the world? | [
"What is the busiest cruise port in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Port of Miami"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40519 | 5ad507845b96ef001a10aa46 | Paper | In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of t... | What does the weight of a gram depend on? | What does the weight of a gram depend on? | [
"What does the weight of a gram depend on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29269 | 5ad3a5d0604f3c001a3feaac | Pharmaceutical_industry | The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. The second and third best selling were Enbrel and Remicade, respectively. The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abil... | How much money did Lipitor make after the patent expired? | How much money did Lipitor make after the patent expired? | [
"How much money did Lipitor make after the patent expired?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56044 | 56e79ff737bdd419002c427b | Arena_Football_League | On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In early August 2009, numerous media outlets began reporting that the AFL was folding permanently and would file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The... | What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009? | What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009? | [
"What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chapter 11"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74274 | 571b037d9499d21900609bd1 | Asphalt | The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhes... | On what type of boat was asphalt used to seal planks? | On what type of boat was asphalt used to seal planks? | [
"On what type of boat was asphalt used to seal planks?"
] | {
"text": [
"canoes"
],
"answer_start": [
732
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115475 | 56eab1020030b61400a35034 | Political_corruption | In the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is applied: a government service should be provided by the lowest, most local authority that can competently provide it. An effect is that distribution of funds into multiple instances discourages embezzlement, because even small sums missing will be noticed. In cont... | What does distributing money into multiple instances discourage? | What does distributing money into multiple instances discourage? | [
"What does distributing money into multiple instances discourage?"
] | {
"text": [
"embezzlement"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17004 | 5725cd6a89a1e219009abef7 | Israel | Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic d... | When did Israel join the OECD? | When did Israel join the OECD? | [
"When did Israel join the OECD?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88864 | 570f4b245ab6b81900390edd | Circadian_rhythm | Studies by Nathaniel Kleitman in 1938 and by Derk-Jan Dijk and Charles Czeisler in the 1990s put human subjects on enforced 28-hour sleep–wake cycles, in constant dim light and with other time cues suppressed, for over a month. Because normal people cannot entrain to a 28-hour day in dim light if at all,[citation neede... | How long did the suppression of time clues study last? | How long did the suppression of time clues study last? | [
"How long did the suppression of time clues study last?"
] | {
"text": [
"month"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19519 | 5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5c | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools? | In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools? | [
"In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39150 | 5731dc25b9d445190005e5c9 | Protestantism | In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the ... | What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance? | What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance? | [
"What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance?"
] | {
"text": [
"North America, South America and Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52789 | 5a73b10442eae6001a389973 | Political_party | In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The ad... | What attitude did George Washington have on legal restrictions in office? | What attitude did George Washington have on legal restrictions in office? | [
"What attitude did George Washington have on legal restrictions in office?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96161 | 5728c7b34b864d1900164df2 | Paris | On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along wit... | How did the attackers kill themselves? | How did the attackers kill themselves? | [
"How did the attackers kill themselves?"
] | {
"text": [
"setting off their explosive vests"
],
"answer_start": [
734
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84157 | 5a7e3cb870df9f001a875608 | Translation | Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read—are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them. The most familiar types are translations presented as subtitles or surtitles pro... | What do translations help singers familiar with a language do? | What do translations help singers familiar with a language do? | [
"What do translations help singers familiar with a language do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5436 | 5a110aab06e79900185c350d | Digimon | A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking ga... | When was it announced a tri would be a television series? | When was it announced a tri would be a television series? | [
"When was it announced a tri would be a television series?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36884 | 5a84d8667cf838001a46aafe | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | "We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on ... | When the President loses in Committee of the Whole, then what can he file? | When the President loses in Committee of the Whole, then what can he file? | [
"When the President loses in Committee of the Whole, then what can he file?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13065 | 56dcfef266d3e219004dab95 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure. | The middle of the country features what kind of geography? | The middle of the country features what kind of geography? | [
"The middle of the country features what kind of geography?"
] | {
"text": [
"plateau"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72501 | 5726859bf1498d1400e8e290 | Greece | Rebetiko, initially a music associated with the lower classes, later (and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished, sometimes to the point of unrecognizability. It was the base ... | One of the leading performers of the laiko genre is who? | One of the leading performers of the laiko genre is who? | [
"One of the leading performers of the laiko genre is who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apostolos Kaldaras"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84884 | 5726aaf25951b619008f7973 | Mali | Mali (i/ˈmɑːli/; French: [maˈli]), officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mal... | Of Africa what rank in size country is Mali? | Of Africa what rank in size country is Mali? | [
"Of Africa what rank in size country is Mali?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38291 | 572a24993f37b3190047873a | Neolithic | During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic ... | What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age? | What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age? | [
"What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age?"
] | {
"text": [
"social stratification"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68112 | 5ad4212d604f3c001a400745 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston's oldest community theater group, the Footlight Players, has provided theatrical productions since 1931. A variety of performing arts venues includes the historic Dock Street Theatre. The annual Charleston Fashion Week held each spring in Marion Square brings in designers, journalists, and clients from acros... | What is Charleston's newest community theater group? | What is Charleston's newest community theater group? | [
"What is Charleston's newest community theater group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74671 | 570e50150dc6ce1900204f5b | Melbourne | The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a ge... | In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built? | In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built? | [
"In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1885"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86024 | 573422784776f41900661915 | Tucson,_Arizona | At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community. The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years. Downtown is generally regarded as the area ... | What is the southern edge of Tucson's downtown? | What is the southern edge of Tucson's downtown? | [
"What is the southern edge of Tucson's downtown?"
] | {
"text": [
"17th Street"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50907 | 572ec8ffc246551400ce4680 | Seven_Years%27_War | In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. Fer... | Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover? | Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover? | [
"Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover?"
] | {
"text": [
"the French"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89287 | 5731011b05b4da19006bccca | Great_power | Other important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several great powers met to ... | What discussion should great powers be included on? | What discussion should great powers be included on? | [
"What discussion should great powers be included on?"
] | {
"text": [
"political and diplomatic questions of the day"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-311 | 56f78ce7aef2371900625bbe | Marshall_Islands | On September 21, 1529, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands. He stood off a group of islands from which local inhabitants hurled stones at his ship. These islands, which he named "Los Pintados", may have been Ujelang. On Octobe... | From where did Cerón attempt to cross the Pacific Ocean? | From where did Cerón attempt to cross the Pacific Ocean? | [
"From where did Cerón attempt to cross the Pacific Ocean?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Maluku Islands"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45732 | 57319d9e0fdd8d15006c63ef | YouTube | In November 2008, 720p HD support was added. At the time of the 720p launch, the YouTube player was changed from a 4:3 aspect ratio to a widescreen 16:9. With this new feature, YouTube began a switchover to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC as its default video compression format. In November 2009, 1080p HD support was added. In July 2... | When was 720p HD support added to youtube? | When was 720p HD support added to youtube? | [
"When was 720p HD support added to youtube?"
] | {
"text": [
"In November 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26794 | 5a8cfcc1fd22b3001a8d90d1 | United_States_dollar | There is ongoing debate about whether central banks should target zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now). Although some economists are in favor of a... | What would result in a slow declining of the value of control interest over time? | What would result in a slow declining of the value of control interest over time? | [
"What would result in a slow declining of the value of control interest over time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87667 | 5729cc793f37b31900478568 | IBM | In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, a... | In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published? | In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published? | [
"In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1952"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73082 | 56d36c0559d6e4140014634f | American_Idol | In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twel... | What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve? | What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve? | [
"What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sudden Death"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110647 | 572ff927947a6a140053cebf | Iran | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau? | How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau? | [
"How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 4th millennium BC"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44395 | 57070f6d90286e26004fc870 | Chihuahua_(state) | Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame... | In which year was Villa assassinated? | In which year was Villa assassinated? | [
"In which year was Villa assassinated?"
] | {
"text": [
"1923"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21219 | 572edaa9c246551400ce4736 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of th... | What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.? | What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.? | [
"What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18869 | 572fc3a7b2c2fd1400568420 | Premier_League | One significant feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s was the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United. During this decade, and particularly from 2002 to 2009, they dominated the top four spots, which came with UEFA Champions League qualification, taking al... | Since 2003-04, has any club won all of its games like Arsenal did? | Since 2003-04, has any club won all of its games like Arsenal did? | [
"Since 2003-04, has any club won all of its games like Arsenal did?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League."
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10739 | 56fde0be761e401900d28c1e | Computer | Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was o... | When did Konrad Zuse invent the Z2? | When did Konrad Zuse invent the Z2? | [
"When did Konrad Zuse invent the Z2?"
] | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56791 | 5727c39d2ca10214002d95b0 | Gramophone_record | The term "high fidelity" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing "perfect" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and 1940s. After 1949 a variety o... | What term was coined to differentiate better sounding products in the 1920s? | What term was coined to differentiate better sounding products in the 1920s? | [
"What term was coined to differentiate better sounding products in the 1920s?"
] | {
"text": [
"high fidelity"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39684 | 5a8ccb6cfd22b3001a8d8e87 | FA_Cup | The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West ... | What year did the first inside club win? | What year did the first inside club win? | [
"What year did the first inside club win?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37930 | 572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686bf | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon? | During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon? | [
"During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon?"
] | {
"text": [
"49 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35377 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6b0 | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch? | The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch? | [
"The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"pointed arches of the Gothic style"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82679 | 56e02f6f7aa994140058e319 | Saint_Helena | Between January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, includ... | What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena? | What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena? | [
"What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena?"
] | {
"text": [
"Isaac Pyke"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30238 | 5acd59a007355d001abf3e3c | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the Swift Creek watershed district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction). The area is... | What borders South Raleigh to the east? | What borders South Raleigh to the east? | [
"What borders South Raleigh to the east?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87689 | 5729d0391d04691400779600 | IBM | IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open so... | What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM? | What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM? | [
"What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?"
] | {
"text": [
"SCO v. IBM"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72074 | 57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b2 | Capacitor | Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electrical control of capa... | Of what type of diodes are varactors or varicaps comprised? | Of what type of diodes are varactors or varicaps comprised? | [
"Of what type of diodes are varactors or varicaps comprised?"
] | {
"text": [
"reverse-biased semiconductor diodes"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7833 | 5726199989a1e219009ac25e | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectatio... | What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works? | What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works? | [
"What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works?"
] | {
"text": [
"service providers and software distributors"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101579 | 56d9a294dc89441400fdb662 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | Which dog has the shortest lifespan? | Which dog has the shortest lifespan? | [
"Which dog has the shortest lifespan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dogue de Bordeaux"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62991 | 572b701cbe1ee31400cb838f | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech? | When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech? | [
"When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech?"
] | {
"text": [
"when changing from the nominative to the locative case"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22947 | 5735c26adc94161900571fc7 | Kathmandu | The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual ... | What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum? | What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum? | [
"What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boudhnath"
],
"answer_start": [
812
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39792 | 572755c0f1498d1400e8f66a | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 9... | What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954? | What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954? | [
"What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954? "
] | {
"text": [
"Richard C. Lee"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67235 | 5727236a5951b619008f865f | Nutrition | As mentioned, lifestyle- and obesity-related diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent all around the world. There is little doubt that the increasingly widespread application of some modern food processing technologies has contributed to this development. The food processing industry is a major part of modern econo... | What is undoubtedly a cause of the increase in obesity related diseases that are becoming prevalent? | What is undoubtedly a cause of the increase in obesity related diseases that are becoming prevalent? | [
"What is undoubtedly a cause of the increase in obesity related diseases that are becoming prevalent?"
] | {
"text": [
"widespread application of some modern food processing technologies"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46471 | 5ad0a85e645df0001a2cffc8 | Department_store | In New York City in 1846, Alexander Turney Stewart established the "Marble Palace" on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets. He offered European retail merchandise at fixed prices on a variety of dry goods, and advertised a policy of providing "free entrance" to all potential customers. Though it was clad in whi... | How many departments did the new store have, built in 1962? | How many departments did the new store have, built in 1962? | [
"How many departments did the new store have, built in 1962?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100552 | 572e64b9c246551400ce4224 | Post-punk | Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles su... | What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards? | What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards? | [
"What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards?"
] | {
"text": [
"experimentation"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88796 | 5a222914819328001af38a13 | Circadian_rhythm | Plant circadian rhythms tell the plant what season it is and when to flower for the best chance of attracting pollinators. Behaviors showing rhythms include leaf movement, growth, germination, stomatal/gas exchange, enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity, and fragrance emission, among others. Circadian rhythms occur ... | What plant behavior is not controlled by circadian rythems?? | What plant behavior is not controlled by circadian rythems?? | [
"What plant behavior is not controlled by circadian rythems??"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1403 | 5731408a05b4da19006bcf43 | Mosaic | In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. Th... | When was the Domus Aurea constructed? | When was the Domus Aurea constructed? | [
"When was the Domus Aurea constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"64 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29468 | 5a56991a6349e2001acdce73 | Swaziland | In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty,... | What percentage of women have HIV? | What percentage of women have HIV? | [
"What percentage of women have HIV?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46282 | 573256c6e17f3d14004228b7 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned? | Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned? | [
"Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48921 | 5acebc4032bba1001ae4b23f | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Pope Julius had died in April, 352, and was succeeded by Liberius. For two years Liberius had been favourable to the cause of Athanasius; but driven at last into exile, he was induced to sign an ambiguous formula, from which the great Nicene text, the "homoousion", had been studiously omitted. In 355 a council was held... | In what year was Pope Julius born? | In what year was Pope Julius born? | [
"In what year was Pope Julius born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26367 | 5726b8be708984140094cf15 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Which church did Burke most defend? | Which church did Burke most defend? | [
"Which church did Burke most defend?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anglican"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55905 | 5a0d08a3f5590b0018dab719 | Clothing | Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do... | It does not suppress wrinkles? | It does not suppress wrinkles? | [
"It does not suppress wrinkles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77131 | 5a297d9803c0e7001a3e17b9 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people: | How many countries are not yet in support? | How many countries are not yet in support? | [
"How many countries are not yet in support?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69138 | 5ad41d62604f3c001a4005db | Houston | One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the ... | In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try not to diversify it's economy? | In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try not to diversify it's economy? | [
"In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try not to diversify it's economy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15615 | 5726ba5f708984140094cf6c | Chinese_characters | Most modern Chinese dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries sold to English speakers use the traditional radical-based character index in a section at the front, while the main body of the dictionary arranges the main character entries alphabetically according to their pinyin spelling. To find a character with unknown so... | What will have the character's pronunciation in pinyin? | What will have the character's pronunciation in pinyin? | [
"What will have the character's pronunciation in pinyin?"
] | {
"text": [
"character's entry"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80645 | 5726897edd62a815002e888c | Data_compression | Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames. The sequence of frames contains spatial and temporal redundancy that video compression algorithms attempt to eliminate or code in a smaller size. Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between frames, or by using perceptual features of hu... | What is hard to tell with smaller differences involved? | What is hard to tell with smaller differences involved? | [
"What is hard to tell with smaller differences involved?"
] | {
"text": [
"color"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36365 | 5ace95bf32bba1001ae4ab13 | Printed_circuit_board | At the glass transition temperature the resin in the composite softens and significantly increases thermal expansion; exceeding Tg then exerts mechanical overload on the board components - e.g. the joints and the vias. Below Tg the thermal expansion of the resin roughly matches copper and glass, above it gets significa... | The resin in the composite hardens when? | The resin in the composite hardens when? | [
"The resin in the composite hardens when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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