gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-34229 | 5ad41545604f3c001a4002e5 | Alaska | Of Alaska's 2010 Census population figure of 710,231, 20,429 people, or 2.88% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place. Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak,... | In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population did not live in a city or CPD? | In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population did not live in a city or CPD? | [
"In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population did not live in a city or CPD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72099 | 5acf7a0977cf76001a684ef6 | Capacitor | Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacit... | What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for a plane audio purposes? | What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for a plane audio purposes? | [
"What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for a plane audio purposes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83198 | 5ad24257d7d075001a428995 | Dominican_Order | Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Domin... | Who headed the Dominican order in 1980? | Who headed the Dominican order in 1980? | [
"Who headed the Dominican order in 1980?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61384 | 572f45a004bcaa1900d76807 | Flowering_plant | The internal classification of this group has undergone considerable revision. The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny. A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged ... | What consensus is the AGP trying to reach? | What consensus is the AGP trying to reach? | [
"What consensus is the AGP trying to reach?"
] | {
"text": [
"how the flowering plants should be arranged"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74378 | 571b1eef9499d21900609c1d | Asphalt | Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved. In many cases, these early pavings were made from naturally occurring "bituminous rock", such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County, West Virginia f... | Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US? | Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US? | [
"Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"1870"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70193 | 5a2c25a5bfd06b001a5ae9f4 | Neoclassical_architecture | At the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic "architect earl", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and ornament. This severe lack of ornamenta... | What architectural style feature ornamentation? | What architectural style feature ornamentation? | [
"What architectural style feature ornamentation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5112 | 56e15477e3433e1400422dce | Boston | In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively. | How many reported murders were there in 2008? | How many reported murders were there in 2008? | [
"How many reported murders were there in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"62"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114834 | 5a7dc51370df9f001a87515e | Matter | The Standard Model groups matter particles into three generations, where each generation consists of two quarks and two leptons. The first generation is the up and down quarks, the electron and the electron neutrino; the second includes the charm and strange quarks, the muon and the muon neutrino; the third generation ... | What generation has charm and strange muon? | What generation has charm and strange muon? | [
"What generation has charm and strange muon?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38058 | 57302aab04bcaa1900d772a7 | Roman_Republic | During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ru... | Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation? | Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation? | [
"Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?"
] | {
"text": [
"wealthiest citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81580 | 57060d1275f01819005e78fc | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? | In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? | [
"In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?"
] | {
"text": [
"1870"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73251 | 56d374c959d6e41400146448 | American_Idol | Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters fo... | Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line? | Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line? | [
"Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chris Daughtry"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79103 | 56cda50b62d2951400fa67af | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | A high-definition remaster of the game, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality. The game will be released in North America and E... | On what date is Twilight Princess HD scheduled for Australian release? | On what date is Twilight Princess HD scheduled for Australian release? | [
"On what date is Twilight Princess HD scheduled for Australian release?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 5, 2016"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111328 | 5731d3b3e17f3d1400422461 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi... | What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices? | What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices? | [
"What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indirect"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48397 | 56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0af | Wood | Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o... | When the golf club called the "wood" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used? | When the golf club called the "wood" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used? | [
"When the golf club called the \"wood\" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used?"
] | {
"text": [
"persimmon"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90402 | 5727e1cb3acd2414000deed2 | Tibet | The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-... | Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash? | Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash? | [
"Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Shiva"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92069 | 572766bb708984140094dd0c | Cotton | The 25,000 cotton growers in the United States of America are heavily subsidized at the rate of $2 billion per year although China now provides the highest overall level of cotton sector support. The future of these subsidies is uncertain and has led to anticipatory expansion of cotton brokers' operations in Africa. Du... | Which former colonies still have tight monopolies on cotton brokering? | Which former colonies still have tight monopolies on cotton brokering? | [
"Which former colonies still have tight monopolies on cotton brokering?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63503 | 5a7a3edd17ab25001a8a0404 | Buckingham_Palace | At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. ... | Which room has the infamous balcony forbidden by the royals? | Which room has the infamous balcony forbidden by the royals? | [
"Which room has the infamous balcony forbidden by the royals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110989 | 5a81c9c731013a001a334ec1 | Group_(mathematics) | In many situations it is desirable to consider two group elements the same if they differ by an element of a given subgroup. For example, in D4 above, once a reflection is performed, the square never gets back to the r2 configuration by just applying the rotation operations (and no further reflections), i.e. the rotati... | When are rotation operations considered? | When are rotation operations considered? | [
"When are rotation operations considered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116090 | 5a8de274df8bba001a0f9d1c | Richard_Feynman | The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Mat... | Which addendum was removed from the Lectures book in 2005? | Which addendum was removed from the Lectures book in 2005? | [
"Which addendum was removed from the Lectures book in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88072 | 572c0112dfb02c14005c6b45 | God | Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopag... | What is pantheism? | What is pantheism? | [
"What is pantheism?"
] | {
"text": [
"God is the universe"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56441 | 572eb8af03f989190075699f | Geography_of_the_United_States | The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by th... | How many contiguous states are there? | How many contiguous states are there? | [
"How many contiguous states are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"forty-eight"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79123 | 5a8db90bdf8bba001a0f9bac | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's... | Which two Amiibo figures reload Zelda's stock of arrows? | Which two Amiibo figures reload Zelda's stock of arrows? | [
"Which two Amiibo figures reload Zelda's stock of arrows?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104198 | 5728a13e3acd2414000dfb9b | Mandolin | Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the ene... | When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked? | When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked? | [
"When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked? "
] | {
"text": [
"early years of the 20th century."
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25828 | 570971cb200fba1400368004 | Copper | Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth... | What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900? | What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900? | [
"What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900?"
] | {
"text": [
"95%"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53875 | 56dde02666d3e219004dad6d | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of ... | Who are the CAF supposed to protect? | Who are the CAF supposed to protect? | [
"Who are the CAF supposed to protect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Her Majesty"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81886 | 57280af32ca10214002d9c61 | Royal_assent | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | Who advises the sovereign in this decision? | Who advises the sovereign in this decision? | [
"Who advises the sovereign in this decision?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Chancellor"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104625 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac22 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve? | When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve? | [
"When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve?"
] | {
"text": [
"after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87331 | 56d1255017492d1400aaba75 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem (whom Atticus believes to be responsible) or Boo (whom Tate believes to be responsible). Atticus eventually accepts the sheriff's story that Ewell simply fell on his... | According to Sheriff Tate's story, how did Ewell die? | According to Sheriff Tate's story, how did Ewell die? | [
"According to Sheriff Tate's story, how did Ewell die?"
] | {
"text": [
"fell on his own knife"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15041 | 5733948e4776f41900660dd2 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational cu... | Who established the FEELS model in China? | Who established the FEELS model in China? | [
"Who established the FEELS model in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"Xie Bangxiu"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74081 | 56e4878a39bdeb140034797a | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What style is Gothic? | What style is Gothic? | [
"What style is Gothic?"
] | {
"text": [
"pan-European"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101140 | 5ad27b50d7d075001a429640 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | What reduced Germany’s need for American tanks? | What reduced Germany’s need for American tanks? | [
"What reduced Germany’s need for American tanks?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81294 | 5ad173d5645df0001a2d1c59 | Queen_Victoria | Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without he... | What year was Palmerston upheld in office? | What year was Palmerston upheld in office? | [
"What year was Palmerston upheld in office?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5336 | 57279ce7708984140094e245 | Digimon | Digimon started out as digital pets called "Digital Monsters", similar in style and concept to the Tamagotchi. It was planned by WiZ and released by Bandai on June 26, 1997. The toy began as the simple concept of a Tamagotchi mainly for boys. The V-Pet is similar to its predecessors, with the exceptions of being more d... | What companies were responsible for the creation and subsequent release of the original digimon? | What companies were responsible for the creation and subsequent release of the original digimon? | [
"What companies were responsible for the creation and subsequent release of the original digimon?"
] | {
"text": [
"planned by WiZ and released by Bandai"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20476 | 56cc55856d243a140015ef0c | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | How many different types of iPod are currently available? | How many different types of iPod are currently available? | [
"How many different types of iPod are currently available?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28456 | 5ad4dbf95b96ef001a10a45d | Steven_Spielberg | Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer. Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games. He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of ... | Who thinks video game cut scenes are great? | Who thinks video game cut scenes are great? | [
"Who thinks video game cut scenes are great?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77376 | 57323009e17f3d14004226f8 | Armenians | Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 3... | What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery? | What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery? | [
"What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86327 | 5a6132d6e9e1cc001a33cffe | Gymnastics | Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are... | What characterized a bad performance? | What characterized a bad performance? | [
"What characterized a bad performance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78908 | 56d11af517492d1400aab987 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h] He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will. As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily... | What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm? | What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm? | [
"What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wolf"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78069 | 5acd6f7807355d001abf4206 | Strasbourg | Strasbourg, well known as centre of humanism, has a long history of excellence in higher-education, at the crossroads of French and German intellectual traditions. Although Strasbourg had been annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1683, it still remained connected to the German-speaking intellectual world throughout the ... | Where did Montgelas go after studying law in Strasbourg? | Where did Montgelas go after studying law in Strasbourg? | [
"Where did Montgelas go after studying law in Strasbourg?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107522 | 57262e99271a42140099d70f | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Shell sold 9.5% of its 23.1% stake in Woodside Petroleum in June 2014 and advised that it had reached an agreement for Woodside to buy back 9.5% of its shares at a later stage. Shell became a major shareholder in Woodside after a 2001 takeover attempt was blocked by then federal Treasurer Peter Costello and the corpora... | Who blocked the takeover attempt? | Who blocked the takeover attempt? | [
"Who blocked the takeover attempt?"
] | {
"text": [
"then federal Treasurer Peter Costello"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4030 | 56bfbf2fa10cfb14005512a3 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by US First Lady Michelle Obama, saying "She proves you can do it all" and she has described Oprah Winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman". She has also discussed how Jay Z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his ly... | How does she describe Jean- Michel Basquiat? | How does she describe Jean- Michel Basquiat? | [
"How does she describe Jean- Michel Basquiat?"
] | {
"text": [
"lyrical and raw"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91865 | 5a8178d431013a001a334c45 | Cotton | During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was... | Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in northern Europe? | Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in northern Europe? | [
"Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in northern Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81035 | 5724ea4d0a492a1900435668 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure... | What woman wrote a biography of Queen Victoria in 1964? | What woman wrote a biography of Queen Victoria in 1964? | [
"What woman wrote a biography of Queen Victoria in 1964?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elizabeth Longford"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108922 | 5a7a4d6417ab25001a8a04a8 | Literature | Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints and miraculous chronicles, but the most characteristic form of the Middle Ages was the romance, an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative with strong popular appeal. Controversial, religious, political and instruction... | What are two late important examples of the novel? | What are two late important examples of the novel? | [
"What are two late important examples of the novel? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106285 | 5725dc6aec44d21400f3d6dc | Hellenistic_period | In 255 B.C., Ariarathes III took the title of king and married Stratonice, a daughter of Antiochus II, remaining an ally of the Seleucid kingdom. Under Ariarathes IV, Cappadocia came into relations with Rome, first as a foe espousing the cause of Antiochus the Great, then as an ally against Perseus of Macedon and final... | Cappadocia began it's realtionship with Rome under whom? | Cappadocia began it's realtionship with Rome under whom? | [
"Cappadocia began it's realtionship with Rome under whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ariarathes IV"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90639 | 5731ea33e17f3d140042253e | Pacific_War | Following the Declaration by United Nations (the first official use of the term United Nations) on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General Sir Archibald Wavell to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell... | Who was appointed to command the Allied forces in Southeast Asia in 1942? | Who was appointed to command the Allied forces in Southeast Asia in 1942? | [
"Who was appointed to command the Allied forces in Southeast Asia in 1942?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Sir Archibald Wavell"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89277 | 5a1496f2a54d420018529283 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | Who was the founder of the neorealist theory on the test of strength for war? | Who was the founder of the neorealist theory on the test of strength for war? | [
"Who was the founder of the neorealist theory on the test of strength for war?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68674 | 572ef585cb0c0d14000f169d | Modern_history | The term "Early Modern" was introduced in the English language in the 1930s. to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form). It is important to note that these terms stem from European his... | What does the term "Early Modern" mean? | What does the term "Early Modern" mean? | [
"What does the term \"Early Modern\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39768 | 572749fdf1498d1400e8f5ad | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville,... | What was the nickname given to Connecticut due to the large number of arms manufacturers that arose in the state? | What was the nickname given to Connecticut due to the large number of arms manufacturers that arose in the state? | [
"What was the nickname given to Connecticut due to the large number of arms manufacturers that arose in the state? "
] | {
"text": [
"\"The Arsenal of America\""
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90183 | 5acf940077cf76001a68531d | Somerset | The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county. The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School (founded 1856) and Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907). It has a purpose-built campus a... | In what year did the Bath School of Pharmacy become part of the University of Bath? | In what year did the Bath School of Pharmacy become part of the University of Bath? | [
"In what year did the Bath School of Pharmacy become part of the University of Bath?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3980 | 56bfb789a10cfb1400551273 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 90s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs... | What album did she re-release in Spanish? | What album did she re-release in Spanish? | [
"What album did she re-release in Spanish?"
] | {
"text": [
"B'Day"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85115 | 57277532dd62a815002e9d49 | Supreme_court | In jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions the doctrine of stare de... | Even in civil law jurisdictions, decisions by supreme courts establish what? | Even in civil law jurisdictions, decisions by supreme courts establish what? | [
"Even in civil law jurisdictions, decisions by supreme courts establish what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a very strong precedent"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40312 | 56e7460a00c9c71400d76f13 | Paper | The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, wi... | Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process? | Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process? | [
"Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cai Lun"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91853 | 5a81764131013a001a334c39 | Cotton | Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the Frenc... | Who was ruler of Egypt in 1903? | Who was ruler of Egypt in 1903? | [
"Who was ruler of Egypt in 1903?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54235 | 56df08453277331400b4d8d9 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory. | What do Canadian Rangers perform? | What do Canadian Rangers perform? | [
"What do Canadian Rangers perform?"
] | {
"text": [
"provide surveillance and patrol services"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111546 | 573236d2e17f3d1400422737 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | What did Julian try to restore to the empire? | What did Julian try to restore to the empire? | [
"What did Julian try to restore to the empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-Christian practices"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110958 | 572812cd2ca10214002d9d48 | Group_(mathematics) | To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions r... | What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols? | What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols? | [
"What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols?"
] | {
"text": [
"structural concepts"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49949 | 56ce451caab44d1400b88640 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing? | Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing? | [
"Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?"
] | {
"text": [
"he died"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113307 | 5a87732f1d3cee001a6a11ba | Vacuum | Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers debated the existence of a vacuum, or void, in the context of atomism, which posited void and atom as the fundamental explanatory elements of physics. Following Plato, even the abstract concept of a fea... | What did Ancient Greek philosophers believe atoms could not do? | What did Ancient Greek philosophers believe atoms could not do? | [
"What did Ancient Greek philosophers believe atoms could not do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10065 | 57282f18ff5b5019007d9eaa | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presi... | What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war? | What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war? | [
"What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"imminent Arab victory"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-596 | 56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b987 | Plymouth | The redevelopment of the city was planned by Sir Patrick Abercrombie in his 1943 Plan for Plymouth whilst simultaneously working on the reconstruction plan for London. Between 1951 and 1957 over 1000 homes were completed every year mostly using innovative prefabricated systems of just three main types; by 1964 over 20,... | When was the Civic Centre built? | When was the Civic Centre built? | [
"When was the Civic Centre built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1962"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69340 | 570a826e6d058f1900182eec | Houston | Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and loca... | How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center? | How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center? | [
"How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center?"
] | {
"text": [
"73,600"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24036 | 5729340aaf94a219006aa188 | Bermuda | The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or ... | What animal has held the title of Bermuda's only native land vertabrate? | What animal has held the title of Bermuda's only native land vertabrate? | [
"What animal has held the title of Bermuda's only native land vertabrate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bermuda rock skink"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55172 | 5a397ef02f14dd001ac723e5 | Everton_F.C. | Everton also have links with Chilean team Everton de Viña del Mar who were named after the English club. On 4 August 2010, the two Evertons played each other in a friendly named the Copa Hermandad at Goodison Park to mark the centenary of the Chilean team, an occasion organised by The Ruleteros Society, a society found... | In what year did Cork, Ireland's Everton team first play? | In what year did Cork, Ireland's Everton team first play? | [
"In what year did Cork, Ireland's Everton team first play?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53781 | 56e8355d00c9c71400d77645 | Dialect | In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and r... | What is the dominant religion of North Africa? | What is the dominant religion of North Africa? | [
"What is the dominant religion of North Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95202 | 56df8d8438dc421700152037 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a pate... | Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain? | Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain? | [
"Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Brown"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27810 | 5acd257407355d001abf36c9 | Energy | Sunlight is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an ele... | What are two high-energy compounds? | What are two high-energy compounds? | [
"What are two high-energy compounds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105255 | 5727e7003acd2414000def59 | History_of_science | The Jesuit China missions of the 16th and 17th centuries "learned to appreciate the scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe. Through their correspondence European scientists first learned about the Chinese science and culture." Western academic thought on the history of Chinese tec... | Who was the Needham Research Institute named after? | Who was the Needham Research Institute named after? | [
"Who was the Needham Research Institute named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joseph Needham"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2898 | 5acd945207355d001abf478f | British_Isles | The population of England rose rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries whereas the populations of Scotland and Wales have shown little increase during the 20th century, with the population of Scotland remaining unchanged since 1951. Ireland for most of its history comprised a population proportionate to its land are... | The population of Scotland has experienced a significant change in every year since when? | The population of Scotland has experienced a significant change in every year since when? | [
"The population of Scotland has experienced a significant change in every year since when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15949 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb321 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What are primers excluded by gnomes? | What are primers excluded by gnomes? | [
"What are primers excluded by gnomes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89657 | 572ffb1904bcaa1900d76fa9 | The_Blitz | On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 9... | On October 14 how many German bombers attacked? | On October 14 how many German bombers attacked? | [
"On October 14 how many German bombers attacked?"
] | {
"text": [
"380"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51413 | 5a57dca7770dc0001aeefe38 | Empiricism | In the extreme empiricism of the neopositivists—at least before the 1930s—any genuinely synthetic assertion must be reducible to an ultimate assertion (or set of ultimate assertions) that expresses direct observations or perceptions. In later years, Carnap and Neurath abandoned this sort of phenomenalism in favor of a ... | When was logical positivism at its most popular? | When was logical positivism at its most popular? | [
"When was logical positivism at its most popular?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29852 | 5ad159a0645df0001a2d1846 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Mary is referred to by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Anglican Church, and all Eastern Catholic Churches as Theotokos, a title recognized at the Third Ecumenical Council (held at Ephesus to address the teachings of Nestorius, in 431). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetr... | What language was spoken by Nestorius? | What language was spoken by Nestorius? | [
"What language was spoken by Nestorius?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68339 | 572814934b864d1900164408 | George_VI | In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards.... | Which society was Albert the president of? | Which society was Albert the president of? | [
"Which society was Albert the president of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Industrial Welfare Society"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26685 | 5a77aa20b73996001af5a4e1 | University | Examining the influence of humanism on scholars in medicine, mathematics, astronomy and physics may suggest that humanism and universities were a strong impetus for the scientific revolution. Although the connection between humanism and the scientific discovery may very well have begun within the confines of the univer... | Where might a student find a friendly private benefactor? | Where might a student find a friendly private benefactor? | [
"Where might a student find a friendly private benefactor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74156 | 56e48e3239bdeb140034798f | Architecture | With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent... | What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect? | What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect? | [
"What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect?"
] | {
"text": [
"context and feasibility"
],
"answer_start": [
760
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51181 | 5a676f6df038b7001ab0c234 | Old_English | Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat... | What language replace Common Brittonic after the Roman invasion? | What language replace Common Brittonic after the Roman invasion? | [
"What language replace Common Brittonic after the Roman invasion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85675 | 5ad2a217d7d075001a429cdc | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famiko... | When was the Family Computer (Famicom) released in China? | When was the Family Computer (Famicom) released in China? | [
" When was the Family Computer (Famicom) released in China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99872 | 56fb92c78ddada1400cd650d | Middle_Ages | The publication of vernacular literature increased, with Dante (d. 1321), Petrarch (d. 1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio (d. 1375) in 14th-century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) and William Langland (d. c. 1386) in England, and François Villon (d. 1464) and Christine de Pizan (d. c. 1430) in France. Much literature remai... | Who was a notable female French author of this period? | Who was a notable female French author of this period? | [
"Who was a notable female French author of this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christine de Pizan"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10305 | 5a800ffd8f0597001ac0016f | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | What happens when one organism is helped by another through a chemical secretion? | What happens when one organism is helped by another through a chemical secretion? | [
"What happens when one organism is helped by another through a chemical secretion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51093 | 5a67a637f038b7001ab0c3e8 | Old_English | The first example is taken from the opening lines of the folk-epic Beowulf, a poem of some 3,000 lines and the single greatest work of Old English. This passage describes how Hrothgar's legendary ancestor Scyld was found as a baby, washed ashore, and adopted by a noble family. The translation is literal and represents ... | Beowulf is typical of what prose? | Beowulf is typical of what prose? | [
"Beowulf is typical of what prose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103432 | 5ad2c590d7d075001a42a194 | Multiracial_American | Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claime... | Who accused people of attacking Barack Obama more than Michelle Obama? | Who accused people of attacking Barack Obama more than Michelle Obama? | [
"Who accused people of attacking Barack Obama more than Michelle Obama?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54149 | 5ad3ea81604f3c001a3ff6f2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters. | The non-Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division? | The non-Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division? | [
" The non-Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11190 | 5733e44a4776f41900661440 | Anthropology | Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the ... | What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists? | What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists? | [
"What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists? "
] | {
"text": [
"notoriously agoraphobic"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98710 | 57268f57708984140094ca31 | Marvel_Comics | Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block. Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provi... | What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics? | What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics? | [
"What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41744 | 56ceddf6aab44d1400b88b67 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The most precarious of these quake-lakes was the one located in the extremely difficult terrain at Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan, accessible only by foot or air; an Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter belonging to the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the ... | Where was the most precarious quake lake located? | Where was the most precarious quake lake located? | [
"Where was the most precarious quake lake located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93970 | 572e9d0bcb0c0d14000f1366 | Cyprus | In recent years significant quantities of offshore natural gas have been discovered in the area known as Aphrodite in Cyprus' exclusive economic zone (EEZ), about 175 kilometres (109 miles) south of Limassol at 33°5′40″N and 32°59′0″E. However, Turkey's offshore drilling companies have accessed both natural gas and oil... | Which country did Cyprus demarcate its maritime border in 2010? | Which country did Cyprus demarcate its maritime border in 2010? | [
"Which country did Cyprus demarcate its maritime border in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"Israel"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66527 | 57289efb2ca10214002da4d4 | Brigham_Young_University | The campus also houses several performing arts facilities. The de Jong Concert Hall seats 1282 people and is named for Gerrit de Jong Jr. The Pardoe Theatre is named for T. Earl and Kathryn Pardoe. Students use its stage in a variety of theatre experiments, as well as for Pardoe Series performances. It seats 500 people... | What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts? | What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts? | [
"What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Margetts Theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27273 | 5a7b571321c2de001afe9f03 | Transistor | The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be ... | How long would it take for a practical field-effect transistor be built? | How long would it take for a practical field-effect transistor be built? | [
"How long would it take for a practical field-effect transistor be built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116041 | 5a8ddfaadf8bba001a0f9cea | Richard_Feynman | Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues. He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle. Mathematics was a common interest for father and son; they both e... | Which subject did Feynman and Carl both dislike? | Which subject did Feynman and Carl both dislike? | [
"Which subject did Feynman and Carl both dislike?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75602 | 5acfce8177cf76001a6860e8 | Cubism | The fact that the 1912 exhibition had been curated to show the successive stages through which Cubism had transited, and that Du "Cubisme" had been published for the occasion, indicates the artists' intention of making their work comprehensible to a wide audience (art critics, art collectors, art dealers and the genera... | What came out of the exhibit failing? | What came out of the exhibit failing? | [
"What came out of the exhibit failing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10399 | 5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e23 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | Which comic character was the last to appear in a weekly magazine? | Which comic character was the last to appear in a weekly magazine? | [
"Which comic character was the last to appear in a weekly magazine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1172 | 5a4e7415755ab9001a10f45d | Airport | The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. Busy airports have air traffic control (ATC) system. All airports use a traffic pattern to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airpor... | What is available to help air traffic control with flights? | What is available to help air traffic control with flights? | [
"What is available to help air traffic control with flights?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14381 | 572eee7903f9891900756aef | Han_dynasty | The farmer, or specifically the small landowner-cultivator, was ranked just below scholars and officials in the social hierarchy. Other agricultural cultivators were of a lower status, such as tenants, wage laborers, and in rare cases slaves. Artisans and craftsmen had a legal and socioeconomic status between that of o... | How could a merchant prevent having to register as one? | How could a merchant prevent having to register as one? | [
"How could a merchant prevent having to register as one?"
] | {
"text": [
"working between a network of cities"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32076 | 572883b9ff5b5019007da288 | Myanmar | In 2007 the German professor Bassam Tibi suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws, while non-religious causes have also been raised, such as a lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II—d... | Who did the British choose to back in Burma during WWII ? | Who did the British choose to back in Burma during WWII ? | [
"Who did the British choose to back in Burma during WWII ?"
] | {
"text": [
"British allied themselves with the Rohingya"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11126 | 5733dc134776f41900661392 | Anthropology | Feminist anthropology is a four field approach to anthropology (archeological, biological, cultural, linguistic) that seeks to reduce male bias in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge. Anthropology engages often with feminists from non-Western traditions, whose ... | What type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in? | What type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in? | [
"What type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in?"
] | {
"text": [
"birth anthropology"
],
"answer_start": [
834
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6166 | 5ad0295c77cf76001a686c34 | Late_Middle_Ages | The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi. Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello. This can be seen particularly well in his ... | What didn't Donatello study that inspired sculptures? | What didn't Donatello study that inspired sculptures? | [
"What didn't Donatello study that inspired sculptures?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-552 | 56de6ac44396321400ee28b5 | Plymouth | During the 16th century locally produced wool was the major export commodity. Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593. According to legend, Drake... | What notable slave trader was based out of Plymouth? | What notable slave trader was based out of Plymouth? | [
"What notable slave trader was based out of Plymouth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir John Hawkins"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95276 | 56dfa18f4a1a83140091ebce | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Bell was a British subject throughout his early life in Scotland and later in Canada until 1882, when he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1915, he characterized his status as: "I am not one of those hyphenated Americans who claim allegiance to two countries." Despite this declaration, Bell has been... | What does Bell call people who are citizens of two countries? | What does Bell call people who are citizens of two countries? | [
"What does Bell call people who are citizens of two countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"hyphenated"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112053 | 5727d633ff5b5019007d967e | On_the_Origin_of_Species | By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps... | What is the term for the belief that species have a tendency to change and adapt in a certain direction? | What is the term for the belief that species have a tendency to change and adapt in a certain direction? | [
"What is the term for the belief that species have a tendency to change and adapt in a certain direction?"
] | {
"text": [
"orthogenesis"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
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