gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-106652 | 57266614f1498d1400e8de60 | East_India_Company | At this time, Britain and France became bitter rivals. Frequent skirmishes between them took place for control of colonial possessions. In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return... | What was the name of the war that lasted from 1756 to 1763? | What was the name of the war that lasted from 1756 to 1763? | [
"What was the name of the war that lasted from 1756 to 1763?"
] | {
"text": [
"Seven Years' War"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59125 | 5a304cb2f1f7c7001ab92d52 | A_cappella | The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unsusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a capp... | What percentage of the world takes part in a cappella singing? | What percentage of the world takes part in a cappella singing? | [
"What percentage of the world takes part in a cappella singing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88086 | 5a3c776dcc5d22001a521dce | God | Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", bec... | What did the 19th century non-theist Stephen Jay say specifically about God? | What did the 19th century non-theist Stephen Jay say specifically about God? | [
"What did the 19th century non-theist Stephen Jay say specifically about God?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105699 | 5a5671d26349e2001acdcd58 | Compact_disc | Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD... | Which was released first; CD-R or CD-RW? | Which was released first; CD-R or CD-RW? | [
"Which was released first; CD-R or CD-RW?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33218 | 5726398eec44d21400f3dc59 | Incandescent_light_bulb | One of the problems of the standard electric light bulb is filament notching due to evaporation of the filament. Small variations in resistivity along the filament cause "hot spots" to form at points of higher resistivity; a variation of diameter of only 1% will cause a 25% reduction in service life. These hot spots ev... | What is the negative effect of "hot spots" forming on the filament? | What is the negative effect of "hot spots" forming on the filament? | [
"What is the negative effect of \"hot spots\" forming on the filament?"
] | {
"text": [
"a variation of diameter of only 1% will cause a 25% reduction in service life"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53305 | 5a68f6648476ee001a58a922 | Sichuan | Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which ... | How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Hangduan Mountains? | How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Hangduan Mountains? | [
"How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Hangduan Mountains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49047 | 571ae11032177014007e9f7b | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Frances A. M. Forbes writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heav... | Who did Alexander ask for when he was dieing? | Who did Alexander ask for when he was dieing? | [
"Who did Alexander ask for when he was dieing?"
] | {
"text": [
"called Athanasius"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25222 | 56d11cb517492d1400aab9b7 | New_York_City | New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In ... | What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program? | What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program? | [
"What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program?"
] | {
"text": [
"Citibank"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16551 | 572a381d3f37b319004787cd | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born? | In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born? | [
"In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria-Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110295 | 5728040b4b864d1900164234 | Culture | Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (1918–1933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie (cultural sociology). Cultural sociology was then "reinvented" in the English-speaking world as a product of the "cultural turn" of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmod... | Where did sociology culture stem from? | Where did sociology culture stem from? | [
"Where did sociology culture stem from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Weimar Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49350 | 5a8720c81d3cee001a6a1100 | Tuberculosis | In 2007, the country with the highest estimated incidence rate of TB was Swaziland, with 1,200 cases per 100,000 people. India had the largest total incidence, with an estimated 2.0 million new cases. In developed countries, tuberculosis is less common and is found mainly in urban areas. Rates per 100,000 people in dif... | What percentage of TB cases worldwide are minorities? | What percentage of TB cases worldwide are minorities? | [
"What percentage of TB cases worldwide are minorities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71462 | 5727e060ff5b5019007d9755 | Oklahoma | Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities, including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and a... | What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River? | What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River? | [
"What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northeastern State University"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36626 | 57310b70497a881900248b23 | Immaculate_Conception | The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of ... | What color garment is used in traditional chants to represent the purity of Mary's conception ? | What color garment is used in traditional chants to represent the purity of Mary's conception ? | [
"What color garment is used in traditional chants to represent the purity of Mary's conception ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Your clothing is white as snow,"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75030 | 572ec87ac246551400ce4676 | Elevator | Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the ele... | Where does the elevator go from there? | Where does the elevator go from there? | [
"Where does the elevator go from there?"
] | {
"text": [
"the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107912 | 571aa87e10f8ca1400305299 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Umayyad caliphate was marked both by territorial expansion and by the administrative and cultural problems that such expansion created. Despite some notable exceptions, the Umayyads tended to favor the rights of the old Arab families, and in particular their own, over those of newly converted Muslims (mawali). Ther... | What sorts of families did the Umayyads show favor to? | What sorts of families did the Umayyads show favor to? | [
"What sorts of families did the Umayyads show favor to?"
] | {
"text": [
"old Arab"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34231 | 5ad41545604f3c001a4002e7 | Alaska | Of Alaska's 2010 Census population figure of 710,231, 20,429 people, or 2.88% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place. Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak,... | In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population live in a city or CDP? | In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population live in a city or CDP? | [
"In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population live in a city or CDP?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90393 | 5727e0603acd2414000deeb9 | Tibet | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located? | On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located? | [
"On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nepal"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83614 | 5726566d708984140094c2da | Florida | "By May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a thick wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet (21 m), with intertwined and elevated roots making landing difficult. Very soon, 'many smokes' appeare... | Who established early settlements in Florida | Who established early settlements in Florida | [
"Who established early settlements in Florida "
] | {
"text": [
"Both the Spanish and French established settlements"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14099 | 56f8cee09e9bad19000a0554 | Brain | Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has ... | Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area? | Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area? | [
"Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area?"
] | {
"text": [
"prefrontal cortex"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75921 | 5706108452bb89140068983e | The_Times | The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London. | The Cheltenham Literature Festival is supported by what major newspaper? | The Cheltenham Literature Festival is supported by what major newspaper? | [
"The Cheltenham Literature Festival is supported by what major newspaper?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Times"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75638 | 5acfd0d477cf76001a686173 | Cubism | Cubist sculpture developed in parallel to Cubist painting. During the autumn of 1909 Picasso sculpted Head of a Woman (Fernande) with positive features depicted by negative space and vice versa. According to Douglas Cooper: "The first true Cubist sculpture was Picasso's impressive Woman's Head, modeled in 1909–10, a co... | Who sculpted arm of a woman? | Who sculpted arm of a woman? | [
"Who sculpted arm of a woman? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18057 | 5a10e4ae06e79900185c345f | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | W ISP do not operate in what band? | W ISP do not operate in what band? | [
"W ISP do not operate in what band?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58895 | 5a4705365fd40d001a27dd46 | Rajasthan | Rajasthan is famous for its forts, carved temples, and decorated havelis, which were built by Rajput kings in pre-Muslim era Rajasthan.[citation needed] Rajasthan's Jaipur Jantar Mantar, Mehrangarh Fort and Stepwell of Jodhpur, Dilwara Temples, Chittorgarh Fort, Lake Palace, miniature paintings in Bundi, and numerous c... | Who is the Jantar Mantar temple in Pali District dedicated to? | Who is the Jantar Mantar temple in Pali District dedicated to? | [
"Who is the Jantar Mantar temple in Pali District dedicated to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61463 | 572f516fb2c2fd1400568017 | Flowering_plant | The character of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of the fruit. They protect the embryo and aid in dissemination; they may also directly promote germination. Among plants with indehiscent fruits, in general, the fruit provides protection for the embryo and secures dissemination. In this case, the seed co... | What does the fruit of the flower secure? | What does the fruit of the flower secure? | [
"What does the fruit of the flower secure?"
] | {
"text": [
"dissemination"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29630 | 5ad15331645df0001a2d177b | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ... | What Queen regarded The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? | What Queen regarded The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? | [
"What Queen regarded The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84407 | 5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9c0 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ... | What does John W. Kingdon attribute the small number of interest groups in the US to? | What does John W. Kingdon attribute the small number of interest groups in the US to? | [
"What does John W. Kingdon attribute the small number of interest groups in the US to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40679 | 5709630f200fba1400367f29 | Communication | Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants... | Why do fungi communicate? | Why do fungi communicate? | [
"Why do fungi communicate?"
] | {
"text": [
"to coordinate and organize their growth and development"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97197 | 56d3123b59d6e41400146208 | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W... | Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students? | Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students? | [
"Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students?"
] | {
"text": [
"male"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65471 | 5727b78d4b864d1900163b34 | Detroit | On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free lan... | What was Detroit's population in 1773? | What was Detroit's population in 1773? | [
"What was Detroit's population in 1773?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,400"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102406 | 56fa995df34c681400b0c0f9 | High-definition_television | For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second. | What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product? | What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product? | [
"What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product?"
] | {
"text": [
"the frame rate"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81642 | 5706268775f01819005e7a01 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt tha... | Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention? | Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention? | [
"Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lyndon Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92365 | 5730c9a4f6cb411900e244a6 | United_States_Air_Force | Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to ... | What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations? | What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations? | [
"What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations? "
] | {
"text": [
"Assure/Dissuade/Deter"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89221 | 5acd629407355d001abf4031 | Hunter-gatherer | There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for ... | Which group has not maintained their independent existence? | Which group has not maintained their independent existence? | [
"Which group has not maintained their independent existence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95677 | 5726e3725951b619008f8185 | Yale_University | Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall, Phelps Hall, St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member F... | Which school was used as the engineering and sciences school until 1956? | Which school was used as the engineering and sciences school until 1956? | [
"Which school was used as the engineering and sciences school until 1956?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sheffield Scientific School"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32500 | 5ad249f8d7d075001a428bb2 | Antarctica | Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on De... | Who found the forst underwater volcano? | Who found the forst underwater volcano? | [
"Who found the forst underwater volcano?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72822 | 5ad35760604f3c001a3fddf4 | Dell | In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, which would have brought in an additional $125 million in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the... | What year did IBM plan to sell PCs at retailers? | What year did IBM plan to sell PCs at retailers? | [
"What year did IBM plan to sell PCs at retailers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40934 | 5726dd8e708984140094d412 | Predation | The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from h... | How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well? | How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well? | [
"How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?"
] | {
"text": [
"wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83680 | 5acd8a4707355d001abf4676 | Florida | Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821. President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Flo... | What happened on March 2 1821? | What happened on March 2 1821? | [
"What happened on March 2 1821?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76445 | 5a39996b2f14dd001ac7245d | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | One senator represents the island in the French Senate. The first election was held on 21 September 2008 with the last election in September 2014. St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union on 1 January 2012, but the island's inhabitants remain French citizens with EU status holding EU passports.... | In what year did St. Barthelemy residents become French citizens? | In what year did St. Barthelemy residents become French citizens? | [
"In what year did St. Barthelemy residents become French citizens?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80403 | 572fd29ea23a5019007fca47 | Bacteria | In ordinary circumstances, transduction, conjugation, and transformation involve transfer of DNA between individual bacteria of the same species, but occasionally transfer may occur between individuals of different bacterial species and this may have significant consequences, such as the transfer of antibiotic resistan... | Between what species do usually transduction, conjugation and transformation take place? | Between what species do usually transduction, conjugation and transformation take place? | [
"Between what species do usually transduction, conjugation and transformation take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"the same species"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5505 | 570695a652bb891400689aa8 | House_music | Various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and drum machines, and some compositions were entirely electronic; examples include Giorgio Moroder's late 1970s productions such as Donna Summer's hit single "I Feel Love" from 1977, Cerrone's "Supernature" (1977), Yellow Magic Orchestra's synth-disco-... | What year was solid state survivor released? | What year was solid state survivor released? | [
"What year was solid state survivor released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92311 | 5a5032aace860b001aa3faff | Asthma | For those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few months it appear... | What is an option for someone with LABAs not controlled by corticosteroids? | What is an option for someone with LABAs not controlled by corticosteroids? | [
"What is an option for someone with LABAs not controlled by corticosteroids?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17647 | 56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef4 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the ... | In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot? | In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot? | [
"In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria."
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34887 | 5a21ce268a6e4f001aa08eeb | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | In the 1950's and 1960's what group was interested in revolutionary ideology? | In the 1950's and 1960's what group was interested in revolutionary ideology? | [
"In the 1950's and 1960's what group was interested in revolutionary ideology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104561 | 57325b55e17f3d14004228e5 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier acc... | What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak? | What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak? | [
"What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak?"
] | {
"text": [
"2004"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69762 | 57302c0ca23a5019007fcef7 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device's boot process. Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Mic... | How does secure boot help avert boot process infections? | How does secure boot help avert boot process infections? | [
"How does secure boot help avert boot process infections?"
] | {
"text": [
"uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75334 | 5ad14ca7645df0001a2d166a | Labour_Party_(UK) | "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun unde... | What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party? | What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party? | [
"What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26020 | 5ad0b346645df0001a2d00cc | Edmund_Burke | Burke claimed that Bolingbroke's arguments against revealed religion could apply to all social and civil institutions as well. Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton (and others) initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire. All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics es... | What did critics particularly protest of Burke's work? | What did critics particularly protest of Burke's work? | [
"What did critics particularly protest of Burke's work?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11628 | 56fa051df34c681400b0bf55 | Somalis | Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag... | Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization? | Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization? | [
"Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110730 | 5730132eb2c2fd1400568816 | Iran | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII? | Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII? | [
"Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102508 | 56facb5d8f12f319006301b3 | High-definition_television | HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD record... | What restriction does W-VHS recordings have? | What restriction does W-VHS recordings have? | [
"What restriction does W-VHS recordings have?"
] | {
"text": [
"analog only"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34277 | 56f833afaef2371900625ef9 | Southampton | Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of... | According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton? | According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton? | [
"According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?"
] | {
"text": [
"stone age"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87673 | 5a68f6908476ee001a58a92a | IBM | In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, a... | How many people were involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education case? | How many people were involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education case? | [
"How many people were involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education case?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29792 | 570ce6fffed7b91900d45aad | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons. One of the most loved Orthodox Akathists (i.e.... | What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary? | What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary? | [
"What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Akathist Hymn"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18146 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d0048 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state a... | Whose face was on the Aksumite currency? | Whose face was on the Aksumite currency? | [
"Whose face was on the Aksumite currency?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67892 | 57300d74a23a5019007fccd2 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expedi... | Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"? | Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"? | [
"Who prepared the plan known as \"the Grand Model\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Locke"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47306 | 5726f2c6dd62a815002e95f9 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Er... | What is Madonna's second album? | What is Madonna's second album? | [
"What is Madonna's second album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Like a Virgin"
],
"answer_start": [
863
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40539 | 5ad5089c5b96ef001a10aa73 | Paper | The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189... | When was the ISO 1189 system first adopted in Germany? | When was the ISO 1189 system first adopted in Germany? | [
"When was the ISO 1189 system first adopted in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112154 | 572907263f37b31900477f99 | Race_(human_categorization) | Traditionally, subspecies are seen as geographically isolated and genetically differentiated populations. That is, "the designation 'subspecies' is used to indicate an objective degree of microevolutionary divergence" One objection to this idea is that it does not specify what degree of differentiation is required. The... | What is an objection to the idea of subspecies because it doesn't specify this? | What is an objection to the idea of subspecies because it doesn't specify this? | [
"What is an objection to the idea of subspecies because it doesn't specify this?"
] | {
"text": [
"degree of differentiation"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60919 | 5aceb58232bba1001ae4b107 | Police | A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of tha... | What aren't gendarmerie? | What aren't gendarmerie? | [
"What aren't gendarmerie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16731 | 572a8c4c111d821400f38be2 | Friedrich_Hayek | For Hayek, the supposedly stark difference between authoritarianism and totalitarianism has much importance and Hayek places heavy weight on this distinction in his defence of transitional dictatorship. For example, when Hayek visited Venezuela in May 1981, he was asked to comment on the prevalence of totalitarian regi... | Hayek believed that authoritarianism was very different from what? | Hayek believed that authoritarianism was very different from what? | [
"Hayek believed that authoritarianism was very different from what?"
] | {
"text": [
"totalitarianism"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75096 | 572ef3eac246551400ce47e1 | Elevator | Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have a lower c... | What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters? | What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters? | [
"What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters?"
] | {
"text": [
"they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28212 | 5731949b497a881900249083 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg's film Munich, about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games, was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world (the first being Schindler's List). The film is based on Vengeance, a book by Canadian journalist George Jonas. It was previously adapted into... | Who composed music for 'Munich'? | Who composed music for 'Munich'? | [
"Who composed music for 'Munich'?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Williams"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68666 | 572ef423dfa6aa1500f8d4f3 | Modern_history | The term "modern" was coined in the 16th century to indicate present or recent times (ultimately derived from the Latin adverb modo, meaning "just now). The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part b... | What did The European renaissance mark? | What did The European renaissance mark? | [
"What did The European renaissance mark?"
] | {
"text": [
"transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46690 | 5ad0c65e645df0001a2d02c0 | Department_store | The five most prevalent chains are Lotte, Hyundai, Shinsegae, Galleria, AK plaza. Lotte Department Store is the largest, operating more than 40 stores (include outlet, young plaza, foreign branches). Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores (13dept, 1outlet), and there are 10 stores in Shinsegae. Shinsegae has 3 ou... | What store was the smallest department store in the world in 2010? | What store was the smallest department store in the world in 2010? | [
"What store was the smallest department store in the world in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63608 | 57261ed8ec44d21400f3d924 | Buckingham_Palace | Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and ... | In what year was the Gold State Coach first used? | In what year was the Gold State Coach first used? | [
"In what year was the Gold State Coach first used?"
] | {
"text": [
"1762"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62900 | 5acd4cb207355d001abf3c62 | Pain | The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be ... | What condition may cause an older adult to report they are in pain? | What condition may cause an older adult to report they are in pain? | [
"What condition may cause an older adult to report they are in pain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51988 | 572a6fc47a1753140016af59 | Miami | Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, enter... | Where did Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance? | Where did Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance? | [
"Where did Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance?"
] | {
"text": [
"33rd"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34509 | 56f8b2c69b226e1400dd0e47 | Southampton | According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995. | In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year? | In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year? | [
"In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1995"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36167 | 572f9d1db2c2fd140056825f | Printed_circuit_board | Semi-additive is the most common process: The unpatterned board has a thin layer of copper already on it. A reverse mask is then applied. (Unlike a subtractive process mask, this mask exposes those parts of the substrate that will eventually become the traces.) Additional copper is then plated onto the board in the unm... | In the semi-additive process, what do the areas exposed by the mask become at the end? | In the semi-additive process, what do the areas exposed by the mask become at the end? | [
"In the semi-additive process, what do the areas exposed by the mask become at the end?"
] | {
"text": [
"traces"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9725 | 5725e90738643c19005ace65 | Montevideo | The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Colu... | What does the AFE stand for? | What does the AFE stand for? | [
"What does the AFE stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"The State Railways Administration of Uruguay"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59777 | 56f97c189b226e1400dd149c | Zhejiang | Kuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority over the Minyue hint... | Who did the kingdom of Chu eventually fall to? | Who did the kingdom of Chu eventually fall to? | [
"Who did the kingdom of Chu eventually fall to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Han"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27225 | 5a5790b5770dc0001aeefc95 | Orthodox_Judaism | Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some (the hareidi and hasidic groups) within the Orthodox community consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox mo... | What is not considered traditional today by most Jews? | What is not considered traditional today by most Jews? | [
"What is not considered traditional today by most Jews?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70162 | 570b8627ec8fbc190045ba66 | Great_Plains | To allow for agricultural development of the Great Plains and house a growing population, the US passed the Homestead Acts of 1862: it allowed a settler to claim up to 160 acres (65 ha) of land, provided that he lived on it for a period of five years and cultivated it. The provisions were expanded under the Kinkaid Act... | the dominion act was passed in what year | the dominion act was passed in what year | [
"the dominion act was passed in what year"
] | {
"text": [
"1871"
],
"answer_start": [
962
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96788 | 5727aa092ca10214002d9330 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary... | Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion? | Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion? | [
"Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope John Paul II"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98912 | 56de7280cffd8e1900b4b917 | Heresy | Orthodox Judaism considers views on the part of Jews who depart from traditional Jewish principles of faith heretical. In addition, the more right-wing groups within Orthodox Judaism hold that all Jews who reject the simple meaning of Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. As such, most of Orthodox Ju... | Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism? | Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism? | [
"Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism?"
] | {
"text": [
"The liberal wing"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109819 | 5ad3f298604f3c001a3ff8ba | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through... | What US state allows the death penalty in its constitution? | What US state allows the death penalty in its constitution? | [
" What US state allows the death penalty in its constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71088 | 5acf4ee977cf76001a684b90 | University_of_Kansas | The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873. | What kind of institution is KU's law school? | What kind of institution is KU's law school? | [
"What kind of institution is KU's law school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60648 | 5727837f5951b619008f8bd5 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Other local colleges and universities include Concordia University Ann Arbor, a Lutheran liberal-arts institution; a campus of the University of Phoenix; and Cleary University, a private business school. Washtenaw Community College is located in neighboring Ann Arbor Township. In 2000, the Ave Maria School of Law, a Ro... | Name a private business school located in Ann arbor. | Name a private business school located in Ann arbor. | [
"Name a private business school located in Ann arbor."
] | {
"text": [
"Cleary University"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66311 | 5ace938b32bba1001ae4aaa6 | Brigham_Young_University | Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) ... | What do women typically spend 24 months doing? | What do women typically spend 24 months doing? | [
"What do women typically spend 24 months doing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35321 | 5726a317dd62a815002e8baa | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation? | What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation? | [
"What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"traceried windows"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55159 | 570a8e676d058f1900182f9e | Everton_F.C. | The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of... | When was the Everton Tigers team launched? | When was the Everton Tigers team launched? | [
"When was the Everton Tigers team launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85357 | 572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae8 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | For how long are the other members of the Executive Board appointed? | For how long are the other members of the Executive Board appointed? | [
"For how long are the other members of the Executive Board appointed?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-renewable terms of eight years"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45495 | 571a72404faf5e1900b8a9ab | Ashkenazi_Jews | The answer to why there was so little assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe for so long would seem to lie in part in the probability that the alien surroundings in central and eastern Europe were not conducive, though contempt did not prevent some assimilation. Furthermore, Jews lived almost exclusively in... | A lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe is also attributed to males taking part in what type of system? | A lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe is also attributed to males taking part in what type of system? | [
"A lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe is also attributed to males taking part in what type of system?"
] | {
"text": [
"a strong system of education"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5081 | 56e14c63e3433e1400422d75 | Boston | Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list. Boston's ... | How many tourists visited Boston in 2011? | How many tourists visited Boston in 2011? | [
"How many tourists visited Boston in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"21.2 million"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82626 | 56e7a89837bdd419002c42df | Daylight_saving_time | Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a p... | In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC? | In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC? | [
"In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8865 | 57281747ff5b5019007d9d00 | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found? | What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found? | [
"What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus)"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55438 | 5acfbff877cf76001a685c6f | Presbyterianism | Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization (or "church order") and worship; often using a "Book of Order" to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism. Many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous... | Which document is even more important than the Bible, serving as an important confessional document? | Which document is even more important than the Bible, serving as an important confessional document? | [
"Which document is even more important than the Bible, serving as an important confessional document?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83938 | 5a7e146a70df9f001a875489 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Hebrew? | How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Hebrew? | [
"How would you convey that something is \"presently of importance\" in Hebrew?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14519 | 572fa4aeb2c2fd1400568289 | Han_dynasty | Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer c... | What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era? | What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era? | [
"What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era?"
] | {
"text": [
"artwork"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19314 | 5727c05f3acd2414000deb86 | Rule_of_law | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions? | How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions? | [
"How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions?"
] | {
"text": [
"greatly offended"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111707 | 5acd7bf407355d001abf4432 | Education | Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute... | Which organization has not had corruption in the educator sector? | Which organization has not had corruption in the educator sector? | [
"Which organization has not had corruption in the educator sector?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27220 | 5a57e213770dc0001aeefe6a | Orthodox_Judaism | Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, many American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, th... | What area besides New York are the Orthodox communities in decline? | What area besides New York are the Orthodox communities in decline? | [
"What area besides New York are the Orthodox communities in decline?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114791 | 5a7db77770df9f001a875080 | Matter | Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on ... | What changes during the transformation of matter? | What changes during the transformation of matter? | [
"What changes during the transformation of matter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65483 | 5727ba3c2ca10214002d94cc | Detroit | Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrive... | What year was the Battle of Gettysburg? | What year was the Battle of Gettysburg? | [
"What year was the Battle of Gettysburg?"
] | {
"text": [
"1863"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90883 | 57324f67b9d445190005ea26 | Pacific_War | In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship... | What day is know in the United States as "V-J Day"? | What day is know in the United States as "V-J Day"? | [
"What day is know in the United States as \"V-J Day\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 August"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36255 | 572fd62fb2c2fd14005684eb | Printed_circuit_board | Unpopulated boards are usually bare-board tested for "shorts" and "opens". A short is a connection between two points that should not be connected. An open is a missing connection between points that should be connected. For high-volume production a fixture or a rigid needle adapter is used to make contact with copper ... | What conductive metal are the lands on a circuit board made out of? | What conductive metal are the lands on a circuit board made out of? | [
"What conductive metal are the lands on a circuit board made out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"copper"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99175 | 5a8a1cc13b2508001a72a5ef | 51st_state | The phrase "51st state" can be used in a positive sense, meaning that a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state. It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military... | What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "American state" in a positive way? | What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "American state" in a positive way? | [
"What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the \"American state\" in a positive way?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101472 | 5726e0415951b619008f80f5 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported b... | Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies? | Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies? | [
"Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Viktor Suvorov"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18438 | 570e3c3d0dc6ce1900204ec7 | Eritrea | The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons thes... | What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea? | What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea? | [
"What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"fully asphalted (throughout their entire length)"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.