gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-4522 | 5728005f4b864d19001641cb | Pope_John_XXIII | In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939... | Who sent him the letter informing him of his mother's death? | Who sent him the letter informing him of his mother's death? | [
"Who sent him the letter informing him of his mother's death?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30654 | 57263e5189a1e219009ac5aa | Mexico_City | Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de México audio (help·info) American Spanish: [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈméxiko]; abbreviated as "CDMX"), is the capital of Mexico. As an "alpha" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle... | How man feet above sea level is Mexico City | How man feet above sea level is Mexico City | [
"How man feet above sea level is Mexico City"
] | {
"text": [
"7,350"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41821 | 56d6488e1c85041400947071 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal. | What was the Chinese government first praised for? | What was the Chinese government first praised for? | [
"What was the Chinese government first praised for?"
] | {
"text": [
"response to the quake"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70544 | 56dfe23b7aa994140058e21a | Pub | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | In what country was Punch Taverns established? | In what country was Punch Taverns established? | [
"In what country was Punch Taverns established?"
] | {
"text": [
"the UK"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7348 | 5a139a81c8eab200188dc9d5 | Georgian_architecture | The late Georgian period saw the birth of the semi-detached house, planned systematically, as a suburban compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban ... | What plans date back to the early 1700s? | What plans date back to the early 1700s? | [
"What plans date back to the early 1700s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46646 | 5726746a708984140094c6b7 | Department_store | In Puerto Rico, various department stores have operated, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macy's, Kmart, Wal-Mart, Marshalls, Burlington Coat Factory, T.J. Maxx, Costco, Sam's Club and others. La New York was a Puerto Rican department store. Topeka, Capri and Pitusa are competitors on the Puerto Rican market that also have hy... | What department store in Puerto Rico is named after an American city? | What department store in Puerto Rico is named after an American city? | [
"What department store in Puerto Rico is named after an American city?"
] | {
"text": [
"La New York"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102611 | 5a79d0f317ab25001a8a00d2 | Association_football | The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football b... | What city was FIFA banned? | What city was FIFA banned? | [
"What city was FIFA banned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109451 | 56dde72f66d3e219004dadbe | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces? | Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces? | [
"Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?"
] | {
"text": [
"the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49471 | 570d2095b3d812140066d45d | Valencia | The vicereine Germaine of Foix brutally repressed the uprising and its leaders, and this accelerated the authoritarian centralisation of the government of Charles I. Queen Germaine favoured harsh treatment of the agermanats. She is thought to have signed the death warrants of 100 former rebels personally, and sources i... | Who suppressed agermanats' uprising? | Who suppressed agermanats' uprising? | [
"Who suppressed agermanats' uprising?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germaine of Foix"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23000 | 5735ca406c16ec1900b927e1 | Kathmandu | Kirant Mundhum is one of the indigenous animistic practices of Nepal. It is practiced by Kirat people. Some animistic aspects of Kirant beliefs, such as ancestor worship (worship of Ajima) are also found in Newars of Kirant origin. Ancient religious sites believed to be worshipped by ancient Kirats, such as Pashupatina... | Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times? | Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times? | [
"Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kirats"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10794 | 56fdeafd19033b140034cdd1 | Computer | The first practical ICs were invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, successfully demonstrating the first working integrated example on 12 September 1958. In his patent application of 6 Febr... | Noyce's IC was made up of what material? | Noyce's IC was made up of what material? | [
"Noyce's IC was made up of what material?"
] | {
"text": [
"silicon"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66663 | 5acecd1d32bba1001ae4b489 | Brigham_Young_University | A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion D... | Who won the U.S. Open in 1976? | Who won the U.S. Open in 1976? | [
"Who won the U.S. Open in 1976?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33787 | 5726668a708984140094c4cd | Film_speed | The CIPA DC-004 standard requires that Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras use either the REI or SOS techniques, and DC-008 updates the Exif specification to differentiate between these values. Consequently, the three EI techniques carried over from ISO 12232:1998 are not widely used in recent camera models... | With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used? | With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used? | [
"With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used?"
] | {
"text": [
"cameras that produce images only in JPEG format"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9415 | 5a6b9bf84eec6b001a80a4a4 | Myocardial_infarction | Acute myocardial infarction refers to two subtypes of acute coronary syndrome, namely non-ST-elevated and ST-elevated MIs, which are most frequently (but not always) a manifestation of coronary artery disease. The most common triggering event is the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque in an epicardial coronary arte... | How long does an MI take? | How long does an MI take? | [
"How long does an MI take?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20424 | 5a6719f1f038b7001ab0c1e4 | Glass | The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties. The most commercially important of these have the distinction of being impervious to thermal shock. Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking. Th... | How high of a temperature change can CTEs handle? | How high of a temperature change can CTEs handle? | [
"How high of a temperature change can CTEs handle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103907 | 573426e6d058e614000b6a20 | Montana | The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ... | What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers? | What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers? | [
"What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers?"
] | {
"text": [
"1862"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54708 | 570d0f33fed7b91900d45bf0 | Macintosh | From 2001 to 2008, Mac sales increased continuously on an annual basis. Apple reported worldwide sales of 3.36 million Macs during the 2009 holiday season. As of Mid-2011, the Macintosh continues to enjoy rapid market share increase in the US, growing from 7.3% of all computer shipments in 2010 to 9.3% in 2011. Accordi... | What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014? | What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014? | [
"What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 6%"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93394 | 57313d9505b4da19006bcf22 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED? | What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED? | [
"What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED?"
] | {
"text": [
"microprocessor"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15056 | 57339840d058e614000b5e4c | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational pro... | What is Mary Parker Follett known for? | What is Mary Parker Follett known for? | [
"What is Mary Parker Follett known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92860 | 5acecfd032bba1001ae4b507 | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | Who played a major role on ending trade? | Who played a major role on ending trade? | [
"Who played a major role on ending trade?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57030 | 5728b4f54b864d1900164c82 | Apollo | The etymology of the name is uncertain. The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellai... | What is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta? | What is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta? | [
"What is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apella"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53789 | 56e835c200c9c71400d7764d | Dialect | In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukraine by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the dialects in Ukraine eventually differed subst... | The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine? | The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine? | [
"The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22191 | 5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd3 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records. | How many passengers are typically on a ship? | How many passengers are typically on a ship? | [
"How many passengers are typically on a ship?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9825 | 5727f67d3acd2414000df0f3 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci... | Who was wounded in the assassination attempt? | Who was wounded in the assassination attempt? | [
"Who was wounded in the assassination attempt?"
] | {
"text": [
"an innocent female passerby"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93842 | 572e8093cb0c0d14000f11f3 | Cyprus | The Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot population and ac... | Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population? | Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population? | [
"Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population?"
] | {
"text": [
"head of the Church of Cyprus"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72032 | 572717315951b619008f85bd | Capacitor | where a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement "without the dielectric" in principle me... | How is the complex impedance with dielectric represented mathematically? | How is the complex impedance with dielectric represented mathematically? | [
"How is the complex impedance with dielectric represented mathematically?"
] | {
"text": [
"Z(ω)"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38921 | 5a2c6cb2bfd06b001a5aeb7a | Serbo-Croatian | The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an... | What group published the Latin and Cyrillic scripts? | What group published the Latin and Cyrillic scripts? | [
"What group published the Latin and Cyrillic scripts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15371 | 5706602375f01819005e7b8b | Black_people | American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid." Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apart... | Where were they? | Where were they? | [
"Where were they?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sudan"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16564 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8dc | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? | From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? | [
"From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth?"
] | {
"text": [
"her mother"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46349 | 57326236e17f3d1400422920 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for? | What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for? | [
"What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for?"
] | {
"text": [
"to declare his will"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116251 | 573401aa4776f419006616b3 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging fro... | How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09? | How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09? | [
"How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09?"
] | {
"text": [
"6%"
],
"answer_start": [
885
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82786 | 56e06a027aa994140058e471 | Saint_Helena | In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone. | What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to? | What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to? | [
"What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81866 | 572809073acd2414000df2df | Royal_assent | Royal assent is the final stage in the legislative process for acts of the Scottish parliament. The process is governed by sections 28, 32, and 33 of the Scotland Act 1998. After a bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament submits it to the monarch for royal assent after a four-week period,... | In Scotland, who is responsible for submitting a bill for royal assent? | In Scotland, who is responsible for submitting a bill for royal assent? | [
"In Scotland, who is responsible for submitting a bill for royal assent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28554 | 572e807dcb0c0d14000f11e9 | Canadian_football | The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1... | When did professional teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship? | When did professional teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship? | [
"When did professional teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940s and early 1950s"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27003 | 5a8cf90cfd22b3001a8d90a9 | United_States_dollar | The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to price inflation, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. A consumer price index (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The United ... | What is the rise in level of living expenses in an economy referred to? | What is the rise in level of living expenses in an economy referred to? | [
"What is the rise in level of living expenses in an economy referred to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68192 | 5ad423d8604f3c001a40085d | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest ... | What is the state's last school of medicine? | What is the state's last school of medicine? | [
"What is the state's last school of medicine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5876 | 5706bbe32eaba6190074acca | House_music | 2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept o... | What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios? | What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios? | [
"What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dirty Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72096 | 57271f0a708984140094da13 | Capacitor | Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacit... | What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "clean" power for control circuits? | What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "clean" power for control circuits? | [
"What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver \"clean\" power for control circuits?"
] | {
"text": [
"conceal current fluctuations"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65054 | 5ad134d3645df0001a2d1160 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted ai... | What involves raising income taxes while lowering levies? | What involves raising income taxes while lowering levies? | [
" What involves raising income taxes while lowering levies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55756 | 57260b4389a1e219009ac186 | Clothing | Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single p... | Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason? | Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason? | [
"Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason?"
] | {
"text": [
"adornment"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23504 | 5ad14806645df0001a2d1539 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]... | What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Dead Constitution? | What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Dead Constitution? | [
" What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Dead Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-215 | 56f8efcd9e9bad19000a0734 | Guinea-Bissau | The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries. | What is considered the country's primary musical export? | What is considered the country's primary musical export? | [
"What is considered the country's primary musical export?"
] | {
"text": [
"the polyrhythmic gumbe genre"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97567 | 56cfeb52234ae51400d9c0c1 | Frédéric_Chopin | Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The fune... | Who led Chopin's funeral procession? | Who led Chopin's funeral procession? | [
"Who led Chopin's funeral procession?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prince Adam Czartoryski"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69644 | 5ad49230ba00c4001a268c4d | Windows_8 | Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division presiden... | Where were the Windows 9 plans initially announced? | Where were the Windows 9 plans initially announced? | [
"Where were the Windows 9 plans initially announced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18378 | 570e349b0b85d914000d7d57 | Eritrea | Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns c... | Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair? | Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair? | [
"Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rashaida women"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88986 | 56df4feb96943c1400a5d37a | Hunter-gatherer | Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ... | When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use? | When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use? | [
"When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000 years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113863 | 5a56d5296349e2001acdcf7b | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%). These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation. | What percentage of storage and supply depots are part of airfields as the largest percentage? | What percentage of storage and supply depots are part of airfields as the largest percentage? | [
"What percentage of storage and supply depots are part of airfields as the largest percentage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15049 | 5733971d4776f41900660e09 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o... | What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead? | What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead? | [
"What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mark Dibben"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55949 | 56e797a637bdd419002c41cb | Arena_Football_League | Jim Foster, a promotions manager with the National Football League, conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981. While at the game, he wrote his idea on a 9x12 envelope, with sketches of the field and notes on gameplay. He presented the idea to a few friends at th... | Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football? | Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football? | [
"Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football?"
] | {
"text": [
"Madison Square Garden"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27393 | 5a7b7f7621c2de001afea09c | Transistor | FETs are further divided into depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types, depending on whether the channel is turned on or off with zero gate-to-source voltage. For enhancement mode, the channel is off at zero bias, and a gate potential can "enhance" the conduction. For the depletion mode, the channel is on at zero bias... | What type of FET is more common? | What type of FET is more common? | [
"What type of FET is more common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14476 | 572f9394a23a5019007fc793 | Han_dynasty | The small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small landowner-cultivators o... | What did the Han government do to help out smaller landowners? | What did the Han government do to help out smaller landowners? | [
"What did the Han government do to help out smaller landowners?"
] | {
"text": [
"enacted reforms"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2251 | 56d1cc5ae7d4791d009021ce | Buddhism | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | Who was the Japanese Pure Land teacher? | Who was the Japanese Pure Land teacher? | [
"Who was the Japanese Pure Land teacher?"
] | {
"text": [
"Genshin"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11182 | 5733e37ad058e614000b64d8 | Anthropology | Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyo... | What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as? | What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as? | [
"What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?"
] | {
"text": [
"its foundation"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107943 | 5acd272207355d001abf36f4 | Estonian_language | One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying ph... | Who isn't interested in the degrees of phonemic length? | Who isn't interested in the degrees of phonemic length? | [
"Who isn't interested in the degrees of phonemic length?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45705 | 5ace1bcb32bba1001ae49aee | YouTube | In February 2015, YouTube announced the launch of a new app specifically for use by children visiting the site, called YouTube Kids. It allows parental controls and restrictions on who can upload content, and is available for both Android and iOS devices. Later on August 26, 2015, YouTube Gaming was launched, a platfor... | What was launched on February 26, 2015? | What was launched on February 26, 2015? | [
"What was launched on February 26, 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70772 | 57311971497a881900248b67 | Bird | The classification of birds is a contentious issue. Sibley and Ahlquist's Phylogeny and Classification of Birds (1990) is a landmark work on the classification of birds, although it is frequently debated and constantly revised. Most evidence seems to suggest the assignment of orders is accurate, but scientists disagree... | Sibley and Ahlquist' Phylogeny and Classification of Birds is a landmark work on the classification of what animals? | Sibley and Ahlquist' Phylogeny and Classification of Birds is a landmark work on the classification of what animals? | [
"Sibley and Ahlquist' Phylogeny and Classification of Birds is a landmark work on the classification of what animals?"
] | {
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60358 | 572ffe3504bcaa1900d76fd3 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country. The collection includes works from 19th, 20th, and 21st century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrand... | When did the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum changed locations? | When did the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum changed locations? | [
"When did the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum changed locations? "
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18148 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d004a | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state a... | Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time? | Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time? | [
"Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36029 | 5a73735353a187001ae631d2 | Comcast | Media outlets began reporting in late September 2009 that Comcast was in talks to buy NBCUniversal. Comcast denied the rumors at first, while NBC would not comment on them. However, CNBC itself reported on October 1 that General Electric was considering spinning NBCUniversal off into a separate company that would merge... | How much of NBCUniversal did CNBC announce Time Warner would own? | How much of NBCUniversal did CNBC announce Time Warner would own? | [
"How much of NBCUniversal did CNBC announce Time Warner would own?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111750 | 572bba49111d821400f38f5c | Education | Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Although the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are often used interchangeably, research... | Who are likely to be identified as educational psychologist? | Who are likely to be identified as educational psychologist? | [
"Who are likely to be identified as educational psychologist?"
] | {
"text": [
"researchers and theorists"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9760 | 5727ecef2ca10214002d99d5 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal servi... | Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations? | Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations? | [
"Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manshia Square"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88610 | 56db6b68e7c41114004b50c7 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Prior to the rally, seven anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi after unfurling a banner and shouting "Boycott the Beijing Olympics" through a loudhailer at a market. A Vietnamese American was deported for planning protests against the torch, while a prominent blogger, Điếu Cày (real name Nguyễn Văn Hải), who bl... | How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally? | How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally? | [
"How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84250 | 56de3ad0cffd8e1900b4b6a9 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | Who has over-sight of the Federal Trade Commission? | Who has over-sight of the Federal Trade Commission? | [
"Who has over-sight of the Federal Trade Commission?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94852 | 57108ff2a58dae1900cd6a2e | Age_of_Enlightenment | The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment. The first journal, the Parisian Journal des Sçavans, appeared in 1665. However, it was not until 1682 that periodicals began to be more widely produced. French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication, but there was also a... | In what year did the first scientific and literary journal appear? | In what year did the first scientific and literary journal appear? | [
"In what year did the first scientific and literary journal appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"1665"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1810 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b92e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish flee... | Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War? | Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War? | [
"Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cuba"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54858 | 570d2bfafed7b91900d45ca0 | Macintosh | The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors... | What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today? | What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today? | [
"What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?"
] | {
"text": [
"MacBooks"
],
"answer_start": [
803
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32484 | 5ad2612bd7d075001a42900f | Antarctica | Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than an... | What animals live on the continent of Antarctica? | What animals live on the continent of Antarctica? | [
"What animals live on the continent of Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77193 | 5a29992203c0e7001a3e181a | United_Nations_Population_Fund | From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Polit... | Who will never allocate UNFPA funding in the U.S.? | Who will never allocate UNFPA funding in the U.S.? | [
"Who will never allocate UNFPA funding in the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107587 | 57263cb938643c19005ad355 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about... | A 2010 leaked communication revealed that Shell claimed to have inserted what into which entities? | A 2010 leaked communication revealed that Shell claimed to have inserted what into which entities? | [
"A 2010 leaked communication revealed that Shell claimed to have inserted what into which entities?"
] | {
"text": [
"staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31128 | 57097200200fba140036800d | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing? | What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing? | [
"What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing?"
] | {
"text": [
"a primordialist approach"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67005 | 5726b4a9f1498d1400e8e829 | Nutrition | In 1896, Eugen Baumann observed iodine in thyroid glands. In 1897, Christiaan Eijkman worked with natives of Java, who also suffered from beriberi. Eijkman observed that chickens fed the native diet of white rice developed the symptoms of beriberi but remained healthy when fed unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran... | What group of natives suffered from beriberi? | What group of natives suffered from beriberi? | [
"What group of natives suffered from beriberi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Java"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9867 | 5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a6b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth... | Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil? | Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil? | [
"Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?"
] | {
"text": [
"house arrest"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58715 | 5a46b78e5fd40d001a27dc91 | Rajasthan | Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states, two chiefships, and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princel... | During what era did Marwar familes become prominent? | During what era did Marwar familes become prominent? | [
"During what era did Marwar familes become prominent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55227 | 5a316427e4dcb1001abb22b4 | Baptists | Baptist historian Bruce Gourley outlines four main views of Baptist origins: (1) The modern scholarly consensus that the movement traces its origin to the 17th century via the English Separatists, (2) the view that it was an outgrowth of Anabaptist traditions, (3) the perpetuity view which assumes that the Baptist fait... | Who outlined the three main views of Baptist origins? | Who outlined the three main views of Baptist origins? | [
"Who outlined the three main views of Baptist origins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28805 | 571cf63f5efbb31900334e5d | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company? | Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company? | [
"Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glaxo Smith Kline"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34328 | 56f85e22aef2371900626024 | Southampton | Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were ... | What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead? | What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead? | [
"What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?"
] | {
"text": [
"Southampton Plot"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29210 | 571d29cf5efbb31900334ebb | Pharmaceutical_industry | Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, often focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or... | What type of integration do smaller organizations do? | What type of integration do smaller organizations do? | [
"What type of integration do smaller organizations do?"
] | {
"text": [
"a specific aspect"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106280 | 5725dbd4ec44d21400f3d6d2 | Hellenistic_period | The Bithynians were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia. After Alexander's conquests the region of Bithynia came under the rule of the native king Bas, who defeated Calas, a general of Alexander the Great, and maintained the independence of Bithynia. His son, Zipoetes I of Bithynia maintained this autonomy a... | When did Zipoetes I assume the role of king? | When did Zipoetes I assume the role of king? | [
"When did Zipoetes I assume the role of king?"
] | {
"text": [
"297 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29016 | 571d0d42dd7acb1400e4c1f7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered an... | In what year was hydralazine discovered? | In what year was hydralazine discovered? | [
"In what year was hydralazine discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"1952"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56391 | 5a45a5ff19a820001a1edae0 | Nonprofit_organization | In the United States, two of the wealthiest nonprofit organizations are the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has an endowment of US$38 billion, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute originally funded by Hughes Aircraft prior to divestiture, which has an endowment of approximately $14.8 billion. Outside the Un... | What is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation considered by British usage? | What is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation considered by British usage? | [
"What is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation considered by British usage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34623 | 56f8d0349e9bad19000a0579 | Southampton | Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys. | What was the second most common form of bullying experienced by boys who took the survey? | What was the second most common form of bullying experienced by boys who took the survey? | [
"What was the second most common form of bullying experienced by boys who took the survey?"
] | {
"text": [
"physical"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110067 | 5ad3f5e0604f3c001a3ff9be | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973? | How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973? | [
"How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85219 | 57278d70708984140094e0a4 | Supreme_court | Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all oth... | What German high court has the responsibility for interpreting this document? | What German high court has the responsibility for interpreting this document? | [
"What German high court has the responsibility for interpreting this document?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bundesverfassungsgericht"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84578 | 5730032ba23a5019007fcc3e | San_Diego | The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June... | What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August? | What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August? | [
"What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August?"
] | {
"text": [
"88 °F"
],
"answer_start": [
1064
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87634 | 5a68f0288476ee001a58a8c7 | IBM | On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 ne... | What is one type of storage that has been more popular with youger generations? | What is one type of storage that has been more popular with youger generations? | [
"What is one type of storage that has been more popular with youger generations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1284 | 573091be2461fd1900a9cead | Airport | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in ... | Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space? | Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space? | [
"Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space?"
] | {
"text": [
"radar"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79734 | 57061bc675f01819005e799b | MP3 | MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard. The first subgroup for audio was formed by several teams of engineers at Fraunhofer IIS, University of Hannover, AT&T-Bell Labs, Thomson-Brandt, CCETT, and others. MPEG-1 Audio (MPEG-1 P... | When was the draft passed to have MPEG-1 Audio approved as a standard? | When was the draft passed to have MPEG-1 Audio approved as a standard? | [
"When was the draft passed to have MPEG-1 Audio approved as a standard?"
] | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43695 | 5726fabb708984140094d78c | Korean_War | The USAF countered the MiG-15 by sending over three squadrons of its most capable fighter, the F-86 Sabre. These arrived in December 1950. The MiG was designed as a bomber interceptor. It had a very high service ceiling—50,000 feet (15,000 m) and carried very heavy weaponry: one 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm cannons. They... | To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do? | To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do? | [
"To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do?"
] | {
"text": [
"switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11541 | 5727b3883acd2414000dea22 | North_Carolina | North Carolina has a variety of shopping choices. SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet. Other major malls in Charlotte include Northlake Mall and Carolina Place Mall in nearby suburb Pineville. Other major malls throughout the state include Hanes Mal... | Where is the hanes Mall located? | Where is the hanes Mall located? | [
"Where is the hanes Mall located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Winston-Salem"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60102 | 5acfc68477cf76001a685ea4 | Zhejiang | Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of H... | What said "Below there is heaven" | What said "Below there is heaven" | [
"What said \"Below there is heaven\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84428 | 572fce07b2c2fd140056848b | San_Diego | The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen... | Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602? | Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602? | [
"Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sebastián Vizcaíno"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10882 | 56fe0329761e401900d28c9b | Computer | There is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers. Most computers are universal, and are able to calculate any computable function, and are limited only by their memory capacity and operating speed.... | What type of computer can break encryption algorithms quickly? | What type of computer can break encryption algorithms quickly? | [
"What type of computer can break encryption algorithms quickly?"
] | {
"text": [
"quantum computers"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43797 | 56d1071617492d1400aab77f | Kanye_West | While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broad... | Which actor was alongside Kanye West when he insulted President Bush? | Which actor was alongside Kanye West when he insulted President Bush? | [
"Which actor was alongside Kanye West when he insulted President Bush?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mike Myers"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36224 | 572fb4cfb2c2fd1400568381 | Printed_circuit_board | Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often... | What does OSP stand for? | What does OSP stand for? | [
"What does OSP stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"organic surface protectant"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14717 | 5730956e396df919000961c4 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | Whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other, it did what? | Whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other, it did what? | [
"Whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other, it did what?"
] | {
"text": [
"interrelated and dependent"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59187 | 5a2052ef54a786001a36b301 | Alloy | An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some... | What is a mixture of impure substances? | What is a mixture of impure substances? | [
"What is a mixture of impure substances?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15887 | 573423284776f41900661930 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What is Xenodiagnosis? | What is Xenodiagnosis? | [
"What is Xenodiagnosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44285 | 5a2efb58a83784001a7d2610 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília. As the seat of government, the term "Planalto" is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government. The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palá... | What is the area of the Palacio de Alvorada? | What is the area of the Palacio de Alvorada? | [
"What is the area of the Palacio de Alvorada?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72687 | 570fce815ab6b81900391030 | Dell | The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include Don Carty, William Gray, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, Michael A. Miles, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings, an... | Which Dell committee handles accounting issues? | Which Dell committee handles accounting issues? | [
"Which Dell committee handles accounting issues?"
] | {
"text": [
"Audit Committee"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47523 | 572fbd3fa23a5019007fc931 | Armenia | International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and p... | What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as? | What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as? | [
"What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
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