gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-30161 | 5acd53ef07355d001abf3d5b | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and... | When did North Carolina State University close? | When did North Carolina State University close? | [
"When did North Carolina State University close?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68080 | 5730345eb2c2fd1400568a6b | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature... | The William Enston Home was built in what year? | The William Enston Home was built in what year? | [
"The William Enston Home was built in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1889."
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28773 | 571a7fd610f8ca14003050b3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade... | Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs? | Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs? | [
"Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85395 | 57280b503acd2414000df309 | European_Central_Bank | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | What language is the ECB website run in? | What language is the ECB website run in? | [
"What language is the ECB website run in?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33886 | 5ad40563604f3c001a3ffe10 | Alaska | According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 8... | What types of areas are managed by the local government as public lands? | What types of areas are managed by the local government as public lands? | [
"What types of areas are managed by the local government as public lands?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85722 | 57111f13b654c5140001fb75 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges a... | Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV? | Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV? | [
"Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sharp Corporation"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37971 | 57300ba704bcaa1900d77077 | Roman_Republic | The plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats became as uninterested in t... | How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families? | How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families? | [
"How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families?"
] | {
"text": [
"A small number"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84513 | 5ad4bed45b96ef001a109f12 | San_Diego | The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station ... | What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1825? | What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1825? | [
"What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1825?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63423 | 5a7a390f17ab25001a8a03c2 | Buckingham_Palace | By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balc... | Who was the teacher of Nash that destroyed the ballroom wing? | Who was the teacher of Nash that destroyed the ballroom wing? | [
"Who was the teacher of Nash that destroyed the ballroom wing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7023 | 5ad4e6675b96ef001a10a5b7 | Red | During the summer growing season, phosphate is at a high level. It has a vital role in the breakdown of the sugars manufactured by chlorophyll. But in the fall, phosphate, along with the other chemicals and nutrients, moves out of the leaf into the stem of the plant. When this happens, the sugar-breakdown process chang... | What moves from the leaf into the stem during the summer? | What moves from the leaf into the stem during the summer? | [
"What moves from the leaf into the stem during the summer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80489 | 572678305951b619008f7397 | Data_compression | Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not chang... | What may have colors that do not change over several pixels? | What may have colors that do not change over several pixels? | [
"What may have colors that do not change over several pixels?"
] | {
"text": [
"an image"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36283 | 572fe1edb2c2fd1400568557 | Printed_circuit_board | PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilu... | What action is made much more difficult for boards that have a conformal coating? | What action is made much more difficult for boards that have a conformal coating? | [
"What action is made much more difficult for boards that have a conformal coating?"
] | {
"text": [
"servicing"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94865 | 57109269a58dae1900cd6a54 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The Café Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafés in the city. The Café Procope in particular became a center of Enlightenment, welcoming such celebrities as Voltaire and Rousseau. The Café Procope was where Diderot and D'Alembert decided to create the Encyclopédie. The cafés w... | Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686? | Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686? | [
"Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96920 | 56e0fb7b231d4119001ac530 | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics? | What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics? | [
"What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman Law Code of Justinian"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108655 | 572c9bb7f182dd1900d7c7f7 | Tennessee | After disenfranchisement of blacks, the GOP in Tennessee was historically a sectional party supported by whites only in the eastern part of the state. In the 20th century, except for two nationwide Republican landslides of the 1920s (in 1920, when Tennessee narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James ... | What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928? | What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928? | [
"What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102013 | 57291d241d04691400779065 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them ... | What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949? | What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949? | [
"What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?"
] | {
"text": [
"new delimitation of the federal territory"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81106 | 5ad172b0645df0001a2d1c0e | Queen_Victoria | In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight. In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine. In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen". She personally donated £2,000 to famine relief, more than any other individual donor, and als... | How much money did Victoria donate to war relief? | How much money did Victoria donate to war relief? | [
"How much money did Victoria donate to war relief?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60873 | 5a3717ea95360f001af1b3ff | Gregorian_calendar | In conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system. ... | What is simple to do using the Gregorian system? | What is simple to do using the Gregorian system? | [
"What is simple to do using the Gregorian system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19177 | 572fef4204bcaa1900d76ee4 | Premier_League | Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro ... | What is a caretaker manager? | What is a caretaker manager? | [
"What is a caretaker manager?"
] | {
"text": [
"Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment."
],
"answer_start": [
670
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95662 | 5ad3e2bf604f3c001a3ff541 | Yale_University | Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architectu... | What is Yale largely unknown for? | What is Yale largely unknown for? | [
"What is Yale largely unknown for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37899 | 572fefcb947a6a140053ce31 | Roman_Republic | In 121 BC, Rome came into contact with two Celtic tribes (from a region in modern France), both of which they defeated with apparent ease. The Cimbrian War (113–101 BC) was a far more serious affair than the earlier clashes of 121 BC. The Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons migrated from northern Europe into ... | Where did the tribes that were almost annihilated in the Battle of Vercellae hail from? | Where did the tribes that were almost annihilated in the Battle of Vercellae hail from? | [
"Where did the tribes that were almost annihilated in the Battle of Vercellae hail from?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84317 | 5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b7 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court... | Which courts' decisions, other than Supreme Court, are binding across the country? | Which courts' decisions, other than Supreme Court, are binding across the country? | [
"Which courts' decisions, other than Supreme Court, are binding across the country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114528 | 5ad261a2d7d075001a429041 | Emotion | Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals tr... | What society was studied to describe the notion of collective non-effervescence? | What society was studied to describe the notion of collective non-effervescence? | [
"What society was studied to describe the notion of collective non-effervescence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112618 | 5acecedc32bba1001ae4b4c1 | United_States_Army | The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augment... | Who dismantled the United States Volunteers? | Who dismantled the United States Volunteers? | [
"Who dismantled the United States Volunteers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109255 | 572791e0f1498d1400e8fc6a | Carnival | J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday. It means ""opening of the day". Revelers dress in costumes embodying puns on current affairs, especially political and social events. "Clean Mud" (clay mud), oil paint and body paint are familiar during J'ou... | How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen? | How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen? | [
"How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen?"
] | {
"text": [
"based on their witty political/social messages"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72411 | 57266b20dd62a815002e8448 | Greece | Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. ... | Which Greek dialect is barely spoken currently? | Which Greek dialect is barely spoken currently? | [
"Which Greek dialect is barely spoken currently?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cappadocian"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68527 | 570aca224103511400d599e5 | Mesozoic | The Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs still thrived as ne... | What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods? | What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods? | [
"What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods?"
] | {
"text": [
"cooling"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18344 | 570e30ec0dc6ce1900204e55 | Eritrea | When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean ... | Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962? | Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962? | [
"Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emperor Haile Selassie"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84840 | 5ad4da4a5b96ef001a10a3d4 | San_Diego | Major state highways include SR 94, which connects downtown with I-805, I-15 and East County; SR 163, which connects downtown with the northeast part of the city, intersects I-805 and merges with I-15 at Miramar; SR 52, which connects La Jolla with East County through Santee and SR 125; SR 56, which connects I-5 with I... | Where does SR 49 merge with I-15? | Where does SR 49 merge with I-15? | [
"Where does SR 49 merge with I-15?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11202 | 5ad2f672604f3c001a3fda6c | Anthropology | Anthrozoology (also known as "human–animal studies") is the study of interaction between living things. It is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology. A major focus of anthrozoologic re... | What focuses on the positive affect of animals on humans? | What focuses on the positive affect of animals on humans? | [
"What focuses on the positive affect of animals on humans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57840 | 5ad40e6f604f3c001a400115 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination i... | Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in disadvantages for what group of people? | Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in disadvantages for what group of people? | [
" Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in disadvantages for what group of people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89602 | 572fd16804bcaa1900d76d86 | The_Blitz | British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain,... | Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical? | Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical? | [
"Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical?"
] | {
"text": [
"lacked the technology and equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65855 | 5719e3544faf5e1900b8a83c | Seattle | Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caus... | On what date did the Nisqually earthquake occur that damaged the Pioneer Square area? | On what date did the Nisqually earthquake occur that damaged the Pioneer Square area? | [
"On what date did the Nisqually earthquake occur that damaged the Pioneer Square area?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 28, 2001"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2181 | 56d1c549e7d4791d00902149 | Buddhism | According to this narrative, shortly after the birth of young prince Gautama, an astrologer named Asita visited the young prince's father, Suddhodana, and prophesied that Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man, depending on whether he saw what life was like outsi... | What was the name of the astrologer that visited Gautama's father? | What was the name of the astrologer that visited Gautama's father? | [
"What was the name of the astrologer that visited Gautama's father?"
] | {
"text": [
"Asita"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50210 | 572e86c7c246551400ce42d1 | Neptune | Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but contains a higher proporti... | What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of? | What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of? | [
"What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of? "
] | {
"text": [
"hydrogen and helium"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113476 | 572ecbdddfa6aa1500f8d3cc | Vacuum | In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the vacuum is defined as the state (that is, the solution to the equations of the theory) with the lowest possible energy (the ground state of the Hilbert space). In quantum electrodynamics this vacuum is referred to as 'QED vacuum' to distinguish it from the vacuum of qua... | A vacuum state with no matter particles or photons is called what? | A vacuum state with no matter particles or photons is called what? | [
"A vacuum state with no matter particles or photons is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"QED"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106987 | 57344c34acc1501500babdc2 | Hunting | Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declar... | What can a bishop absolutely prohibit? | What can a bishop absolutely prohibit? | [
"What can a bishop absolutely prohibit?"
] | {
"text": [
"all hunting"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33820 | 5a67da4df038b7001ab0c49f | Film_speed | The standard specifies how speed ratings should be reported by the camera. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed, the noise-based speed should be reported, rounded downwards to a standard value (e.g. 200, 250, 320, or 400). The rationale is that exposure according to the lower satura... | What is the ratio for the saturation-based speed? | What is the ratio for the saturation-based speed? | [
"What is the ratio for the saturation-based speed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89394 | 5a14d437a54d42001852936c | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | What is there not consensus on among nations regarding powers? | What is there not consensus on among nations regarding powers? | [
"What is there not consensus on among nations regarding powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31544 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3ce | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | What is air defence called in French? | What is air defence called in French? | [
"What is air defence called in French?"
] | {
"text": [
"DCA"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59332 | 5a20a62e8a6e4f001aa08e04 | Alloy | The term pewter covers a variety of alloys consisting primarily of tin. As a pure metal, tin was much too soft to be used for any practical purpose. However, in the Bronze age, tin was a rare metal and, in many parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, was often valued higher than gold. To make jewelry, forks and spoons, ... | Where was gold the highest valued metal during the Bronze Age? | Where was gold the highest valued metal during the Bronze Age? | [
"Where was gold the highest valued metal during the Bronze Age? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26579 | 573198110fdd8d15006c63c3 | University | In Canada, "college" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while "university" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical schools (for example, ... | What type of university is St Francis Xavier in Canada? | What type of university is St Francis Xavier in Canada? | [
"What type of university is St Francis Xavier in Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"undergraduate"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29594 | 5ad14b3b645df0001a2d15f7 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T... | Who was the sister of Mary of Clopas? | Who was the sister of Mary of Clopas? | [
"Who was the sister of Mary of Clopas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65106 | 572971b83f37b319004783db | Renewable_energy_commercialization | A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need n... | What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry? | What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry? | [
"What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32934 | 572820623acd2414000df511 | Central_African_Republic | The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medi... | What hinders export? | What hinders export? | [
"What hinders export?"
] | {
"text": [
"country's landlocked position"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55851 | 5726193589a1e219009ac250 | Clothing | Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, leotards, tracksuits, and trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing) ... | Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing. | Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing. | [
"Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing."
] | {
"text": [
"special"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56149 | 56e7b2f200c9c71400d77511 | Arena_Football_League | After its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream. | After a hiatus, in what year did the AFL begin operations again? | After a hiatus, in what year did the AFL begin operations again? | [
"After a hiatus, in what year did the AFL begin operations again?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14815 | 5ad3cd8e604f3c001a3ff197 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | A second problem with materialism is that it obscures the importance of relations. It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things. The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fu... | What is the materialistic view of matter in relation to no ohter objects? | What is the materialistic view of matter in relation to no ohter objects? | [
"What is the materialistic view of matter in relation to no ohter objects?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79816 | 57062c9b52bb891400689935 | MP3 | As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"". | The hacker re-wrote which element of the program? | The hacker re-wrote which element of the program? | [
"The hacker re-wrote which element of the program?"
] | {
"text": [
"user interface"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105268 | 5727e88cff5b5019007d9827 | History_of_science | Muslim scientists placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where significant progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from c. 1000, in his Book of Optics. The l... | What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname? | What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname? | [
"What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname?"
] | {
"text": [
"the father of optics"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49911 | 56ce3406aab44d1400b8856c | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court a... | When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? | When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? | [
"When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? "
] | {
"text": [
"1521–1567"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94815 | 57108677a58dae1900cd6a03 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Hume and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed a 'science of man', which was expressed historically in works by authors including James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar, and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behaved in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awaren... | Whose philosophical concepts directly influenceed James Madison and thus the U.S. Constitution? | Whose philosophical concepts directly influenceed James Madison and thus the U.S. Constitution? | [
"Whose philosophical concepts directly influenceed James Madison and thus the U.S. Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hume"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26296 | 5ad0dff2645df0001a2d0768 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's last publications were the Letters on a Regicide Peace (October 1796), called forth by negotiations for peace with France by the Pitt government. Burke regarded this as appeasement, injurious to national dignity and honour. In his Second Letter, Burke wrote of the French Revolutionary Government: "Individuality... | What was Pitt's last publication? | What was Pitt's last publication? | [
"What was Pitt's last publication?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76811 | 572aca7d111d821400f38d76 | Philadelphia | Philadelphia Gas Works (PGW), overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, is the nation's largest municipally owned natural gas utility. It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area. Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of... | What is the largest city owned gas utility? | What is the largest city owned gas utility? | [
"What is the largest city owned gas utility?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia Gas Works"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100092 | 5ace5ba532bba1001ae4a3c9 | Guam | The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental... | How many dependents of Marines are now allowed in Guam? | How many dependents of Marines are now allowed in Guam? | [
"How many dependents of Marines are now allowed in Guam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2904 | 5acd95c207355d001abf479c | British_Isles | The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) a... | In 1980, what happened to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland? | In 1980, what happened to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland? | [
"In 1980, what happened to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16714 | 572a8747be1ee31400cb807b | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek’s concept of the market as a spontaneous order has been recently applied to ecosystems to defend a broadly non-interventionist policy. Like the market, ecosystems contain complex networks of information, involve an ongoing dynamic process, contain orders within orders, and the entire system operates without being... | What has Hayek's views on the market been used to defend? | What has Hayek's views on the market been used to defend? | [
"What has Hayek's views on the market been used to defend?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-interventionist policy"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78580 | 5ad292bad7d075001a429acd | Greeks | The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greek... | What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be false in regards to the status as beneficiaries | What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be false in regards to the status as beneficiaries | [
"What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be false in regards to the status as beneficiaries"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73974 | 5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b7 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | What subject did John Ruskin teach in college? | What subject did John Ruskin teach in college? | [
"What subject did John Ruskin teach in college?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68807 | 572f1b26cb0c0d14000f177c | Modern_history | The first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generation. The Second Industr... | When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second? | When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second? | [
"When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second? "
] | {
"text": [
"around 1850"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53917 | 56dde2f49a695914005b9656 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. | What Treaty is the CAF part of? | What Treaty is the CAF part of? | [
"What Treaty is the CAF part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87237 | 5a1f6f6654a786001a36b2c1 | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | Where has legislation and financing become well developed in Europe? | Where has legislation and financing become well developed in Europe? | [
"Where has legislation and financing become well developed in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2247 | 56d125a117492d1400aaba7d | Buddhism | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | What Buddhism says that salvation is unattainable? | What Buddhism says that salvation is unattainable? | [
"What Buddhism says that salvation is unattainable?"
] | {
"text": [
"Theravada Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3405 | 572654d6dd62a815002e81be | Southeast_Asia | Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia and it also the largest archipelago in the world by size (according to the CIA World Factbook). Geologically, the Indonesian Archipelago is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. Geological uplifts in the region have also produced some impressive mou... | Name the largest country in Southeast Asia. | Name the largest country in Southeast Asia. | [
"Name the largest country in Southeast Asia."
] | {
"text": [
"Indonesia"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75082 | 572eecab03f9891900756ae4 | Elevator | Stage lifts and orchestra lifts are specialized elevators, typically powered by hydraulics, that are used to raise and lower entire sections of a theater stage. For example, Radio City Music Hall has four such elevators: an orchestra lift that covers a large area of the stage, and three smaller lifts near the rear of t... | How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall? | How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall? | [
"How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68654 | 572ef2fcdfa6aa1500f8d4e7 | Modern_history | In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, though. Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the... | Peoples sense of worth was expressed through what in the Pre-modern era? | Peoples sense of worth was expressed through what in the Pre-modern era? | [
"Peoples sense of worth was expressed through what in the Pre-modern era?"
] | {
"text": [
"via a faith in some form of deity"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39082 | 5731c670b9d445190005e52a | Protestantism | Beginning in first decade of the 15th century, Jan Hus—a Roman Catholic priest, Czech reformist and professor—influenced by John Wycliffe's writings, founded the Hussite movement. He strongly advocated his reformist Bohemian religious denomination. He was excommunicated and burned at the stake in Constance, Bishopric o... | Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus? | Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus? | [
"Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Wycliffe"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16134 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf47 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was k... | Who was Gaddafi's father's father? | Who was Gaddafi's father's father? | [
"Who was Gaddafi's father's father?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdessalam Bouminyar"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13103 | 5ad0205277cf76001a686ae6 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, ... | When did oil revenues rapidly decline? | When did oil revenues rapidly decline? | [
"When did oil revenues rapidly decline?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34973 | 571a2b6310f8ca1400304f37 | Memory | The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit whereas research into this shows differently. For example, short-term memory can be broken up into different units such as visual information and acoustic information. In a study by Zlonoga and Gerber (1986), patient 'KF' demonstrated certain deviations ... | What did this study seem to conclude? | What did this study seem to conclude? | [
"What did this study seem to conclude?"
] | {
"text": [
"a dichotomy between visual and audial memory."
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27984 | 5ad4a653ba00c4001a268ec3 | Steven_Spielberg | In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's... | What was Spielberg's first adventure film? | What was Spielberg's first adventure film? | [
"What was Spielberg's first adventure film?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108983 | 5a7a553c21c2de001afe9b74 | Literature | Philosophy has become an increasingly academic discipline. More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals. Major philosophers through history—Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have... | Besides Plato, Achilles, Socrates, and Augustine, who are other noted major philosophers in history? | Besides Plato, Achilles, Socrates, and Augustine, who are other noted major philosophers in history? | [
"Besides Plato, Achilles, Socrates, and Augustine, who are other noted major philosophers in history?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11402 | 5727871b708984140094e001 | North_Carolina | Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants, hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid. Some Africans were allowed to earn their freedom before slavery became a life... | What did the English settlers get in return for their labor? | What did the English settlers get in return for their labor? | [
"What did the English settlers get in return for their labor?"
] | {
"text": [
"passage"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107541 | 572630c589a1e219009ac531 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012, as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment. Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of ... | What worsened the situation at the end of 2012? | What worsened the situation at the end of 2012? | [
"What worsened the situation at the end of 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"the \"Kulluk\" incident"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19907 | 5731a5ede17f3d14004222a9 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other... | What tribe has the legal right to freely cross the US-Canadian border? | What tribe has the legal right to freely cross the US-Canadian border? | [
"What tribe has the legal right to freely cross the US-Canadian border?"
] | {
"text": [
"Haudenosaunee"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62817 | 5acd120507355d001abf3345 | Pain | In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: "sensory-discriminative" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), "affective-motivational" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and "cognitive-evaluative" (cognitions such as apprais... | How many dimensions did Ronald Casey and Kenneth Melzack describe pain in? | How many dimensions did Ronald Casey and Kenneth Melzack describe pain in? | [
"How many dimensions did Ronald Casey and Kenneth Melzack describe pain in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80837 | 57258041cc50291900b28541 | Queen_Victoria | Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointe... | How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister? | How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister? | [
"How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"His government was weak"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9671 | 5725de7eec44d21400f3d6fb | Montevideo | There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manue... | Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located? | Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located? | [
"Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Palacio Municipal"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57160 | 5728e15c4b864d1900164ffb | Apollo | As god of colonization, Apollo gave oracular guidance on colonies, especially during the height of colonization, 750–550 BCE. According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy. However, this story may reflect a cultural influence which had the reverse direction: Hittite cuneifo... | When was the height of colonization? | When was the height of colonization? | [
"When was the height of colonization?"
] | {
"text": [
"750–550 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28107 | 5ad4b2dd5b96ef001a109dda | Steven_Spielberg | Rejecting offers to direct Jaws 2, King Kong and Superman, Spielberg and actor Richard Dreyfuss re-convened to work on a film about UFOs, which became Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). One of the rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, Close Encounters was a critical and box office hit, giving Spiel... | In what year did Vilmos Zsigmond become a cinematographer? | In what year did Vilmos Zsigmond become a cinematographer? | [
"In what year did Vilmos Zsigmond become a cinematographer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50423 | 572ea38403f989190075688c | Neptune | Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verri... | Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune? | Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune? | [
"Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [
"63,000 km"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8593 | 56df57b996943c1400a5d3db | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ... | What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918? | What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918? | [
"What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Russian Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54676 | 570cfff3fed7b91900d45bad | Macintosh | The Macintosh (/ˈmækᵻntɒʃ/ MAK-in-tosh; branded as Mac since 1997) is a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user inte... | When was the Macintosh branded as Mac? | When was the Macintosh branded as Mac? | [
"When was the Macintosh branded as Mac?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14937 | 5ad3d6cd604f3c001a3ff318 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | However, while Whitehead saw religion as beginning in solitariness, he also saw religion as necessarily expanding beyond the individual. In keeping with his process metaphysics in which relations are primary, he wrote that religion necessitates the realization of "the value of the objective world which is a community d... | In what state did Whitehead believe religion not begin? | In what state did Whitehead believe religion not begin? | [
" In what state did Whitehead believe religion not begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11461 | 57279c29708984140094e22e | North_Carolina | While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the ... | What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010? | What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010? | [
"What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Methodist Church"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5899 | 5ad01b7a77cf76001a686a20 | Late_Middle_Ages | Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and E... | In what years wasn't the Great Famine? | In what years wasn't the Great Famine? | [
"In what years wasn't the Great Famine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93298 | 5ad192a3645df0001a2d2002 | Light-emitting_diode | Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color... | Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of red light? | Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of red light? | [
"Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of red light?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72473 | 57267eecdd62a815002e8738 | Greece | The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many to be a golden age of Greek cinema. Directors and actors of this era were recognized as important historical figures in Greece and some gained international acclaim: Irene Papas, Melina Mercouri, Mihalis Kakogiannis, Alekos Sakellarios, Nikos Tsiforos, Iakovos Kambanelis... | Who directed the movie O Drakos in 1956? | Who directed the movie O Drakos in 1956? | [
"Who directed the movie O Drakos in 1956?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nikos Koundouros"
],
"answer_start": [
620
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106356 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d767 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita? | Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita? | [
"Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita?"
] | {
"text": [
"Varahamihira"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77329 | 573218f2e17f3d1400422689 | Armenians | In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. The... | What Turkic federations ruled Armenia? | What Turkic federations ruled Armenia? | [
"What Turkic federations ruled Armenia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu"
],
"answer_start": [
826
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93521 | 572843282ca10214002da1db | Estonia | A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing... | What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom? | What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom? | [
"What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40301 | 5ad4df9a5b96ef001a10a4fe | Paper | Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes. | What is a thick material produced by pressing cellulose fibers? | What is a thick material produced by pressing cellulose fibers? | [
"What is a thick material produced by pressing cellulose fibers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115882 | 5a8dcc61df8bba001a0f9c49 | Richard_Feynman | Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety... | What did Feynman help destroy at the Oak Ridge Facility? | What did Feynman help destroy at the Oak Ridge Facility? | [
"What did Feynman help destroy at the Oak Ridge Facility?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8280 | 57266200708984140094c44c | Thuringia | Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most ... | What is the original natural vegetation of Thuringia? | What is the original natural vegetation of Thuringia? | [
"What is the original natural vegetation of Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"forest with beech as its predominant species"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104089 | 5a07ee703fc874001820707e | Infrared | In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer... | What reflectance is measured from the surface of a critical dimension? | What reflectance is measured from the surface of a critical dimension? | [
"What reflectance is measured from the surface of a critical dimension?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85177 | 572788535951b619008f8c92 | Supreme_court | With respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ICT generally function... | What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir? | What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir? | [
"What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir?"
] | {
"text": [
"does not apply to it"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54717 | 570d1089b3d812140066d3c3 | Macintosh | In 1987, Apple spun off its software business as Claris. It was given the code and rights to several applications, most notably MacWrite, MacPaint, and MacProject. In the late 1980s, Claris released a number of revamped software titles; the result was the "Pro" series, including MacDraw Pro, MacWrite Pro, and FileMaker... | What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program? | What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program? | [
"What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?"
] | {
"text": [
"Claris Resolve"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84147 | 5a7e3c0b70df9f001a8755e4 | Translation | Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure. One might modify or omit rhyme in a singing translation, but the assignment of syl... | Why is the translation of sung texts not restrictive? | Why is the translation of sung texts not restrictive? | [
"Why is the translation of sung texts not restrictive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41937 | 5730ae52069b53140083223c | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Internally, a regional lockout chip (CIC) within the console and in each cartridge prevents PAL region games from being played on Japanese or North American consoles and vice versa. The Japanese and North American machines have the same region chip. This can be overcome through the use of adapters, typically by inserti... | How was hardware modification used to get around PAL region restrictions? | How was hardware modification used to get around PAL region restrictions? | [
"How was hardware modification used to get around PAL region restrictions?"
] | {
"text": [
"disconnecting one pin of the console's lockout chip"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58856 | 5a46faed5fd40d001a27dd1f | Rajasthan | Spirit possession has been documented in modern Rajasthan. Some of the spirits possessing Rajasthanis are seen as good and beneficial while others are seen as malevolent. The good spirits include murdered royalty, the underworld god Bhaironji, and Muslim saints. Bad spirits include perpetual debtors who die in debt, st... | What underworld god posesses Muslim saints? | What underworld god posesses Muslim saints? | [
"What underworld god posesses Muslim saints?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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