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Rotational symmetry | Rotational symmetry, also known as radial symmetry in geometry, is the property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn. An object's degree of rotational symmetry is the number of distinct orientations in which it looks exactly the same for each rotation.
Certain geometric objects are ... | 0.767265 | 0.995053 | 0.76347 |
Power-to-weight ratio | Power-to-weight ratio (PWR, also called specific power, or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source. It is also used as ... | 0.76763 | 0.994548 | 0.763445 |
Potentiality and actuality | In philosophy, potentiality and actuality are a pair of closely connected principles which Aristotle used to analyze motion, causality, ethics, and physiology in his Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, and De Anima.
The concept of potentiality, in this context, generally refers to any "possibility" that a thing ... | 0.769398 | 0.992251 | 0.763436 |
Hunting oscillation | Hunting oscillation is a self-oscillation, usually unwanted, about an equilibrium. The expression came into use in the 19th century and describes how a system "hunts" for equilibrium. The expression is used to describe phenomena in such diverse fields as electronics, aviation, biology, and railway engineering.
Railway... | 0.77643 | 0.983256 | 0.763429 |
Hysteresis | Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are differen... | 0.764454 | 0.998648 | 0.76342 |
Hyperspace | In science fiction, hyperspace (also known as nulspace, subspace, overspace, jumpspace and similar terms) is a concept relating to higher dimensions as well as parallel universes and a faster-than-light (FTL) method of interstellar travel. In its original meaning, the term hyperspace was simply a synonym for higher-dim... | 0.767446 | 0.994742 | 0.763411 |
Sackur–Tetrode equation | The Sackur–Tetrode equation is an expression for the entropy of a monatomic ideal gas.
It is named for Hugo Martin Tetrode (1895–1931) and Otto Sackur (1880–1914), who developed it independently as a solution of Boltzmann's gas statistics and entropy equations, at about the same time in 1912.
Formula
The Sackur–Tetro... | 0.773536 | 0.9869 | 0.763403 |
Magnetohydrodynamic drive | A magnetohydrodynamic drive or MHD accelerator is a method for propelling vehicles using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, accelerating an electrically conductive propellant (liquid or gas) with magnetohydrodynamics. The fluid is directed to the rear and as a reaction, the vehicle accelerates forw... | 0.767081 | 0.995197 | 0.763396 |
Gravitational binding energy | The gravitational binding energy of a system is the minimum energy which must be added to it in order for the system to cease being in a gravitationally bound state. A gravitationally bound system has a lower (i.e., more negative) gravitational potential energy than the sum of the energies of its parts when these are c... | 0.773052 | 0.98751 | 0.763396 |
Mach's principle | In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Albert Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The hypothesis attempted to explain how rotating objects, such as gyroscopes a... | 0.770776 | 0.990425 | 0.763396 |
Praxis (process) | Praxis is the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, embodied, realized, applied, or put into practice. "Praxis" may also refer to the act of engaging, applying, exercising, realizing, or practising ideas. This has been a recurrent topic in the field of philosophy, discussed in the writings of Plato, A... | 0.765331 | 0.997456 | 0.763384 |
Energy (psychological) | Energy is a concept in some psychological theories or models of a postulated unconscious mental functioning on a level between biology and consciousness.
Philosophical accounts
The idea harks back to Aristotle's conception of actus et potentia. In the philosophical context, the term "energy" may have the literal meani... | 0.778695 | 0.980312 | 0.763364 |
Physical property | A physical property is any property of a physical system that is measurable. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its changes between momentary states. A quantifiable physical property is called physical quantity. Measurable physical quantities are often referred to as observables.... | 0.76611 | 0.996401 | 0.763352 |
Technological change | Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes.<ref name="Econ refsdon't" >From [[The New Palgrave Dictionary of technical change" by S. Metcalfe. • "biased and biased technological change" by Peter L. Rousseau. • "skill-... | 0.769958 | 0.991396 | 0.763333 |
Hemimetabolism | Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called partial metamorphosis and paurometabolism, is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage. The nymph often has a thin exoskeleto... | 0.774049 | 0.986152 | 0.76333 |
Baroclinity | In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid. In meteorology a baroclinic flow is one in which the density depends on both temperature and pressure (the fully general case). A sim... | 0.773277 | 0.987128 | 0.763323 |
Quantum decoherence | Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems which can be explained by classical mechanics. Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several directions and... | 0.765928 | 0.996597 | 0.763322 |
Phylogenetics | In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history of life using genetics, which is known as phylogenetic inference. It establishes the relationship between organisms with the empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a p... | 0.765502 | 0.997117 | 0.763295 |
Archimedean spiral | The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. The term Archimedean spiral is sometimes used to refer to the more general class of spirals of this type (see below), in contrast to Archimedes' spiral (the specifi... | 0.766048 | 0.996382 | 0.763276 |
Control theory | Control theory is a field of control engineering and applied mathematics that deals with the control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a model or algorithm governing the application of system inputs to drive the system to a desired state, while minimizing any delay, ... | 0.764804 | 0.997969 | 0.763251 |
Potential | Potential generally refers to a currently unrealized ability. The term is used in a wide variety of fields, from physics to the social sciences to indicate things that are in a state where they are able to change in ways ranging from the simple release of energy by objects to the realization of abilities in people.
T... | 0.76967 | 0.99166 | 0.76325 |
Larmor formula | In electrodynamics, the Larmor formula is used to calculate the total power radiated by a nonrelativistic point charge as it accelerates. It was first derived by J. J. Larmor in 1897, in the context of the wave theory of light.
When any charged particle (such as an electron, a proton, or an ion) accelerates, energy is... | 0.771125 | 0.989777 | 0.763241 |
Flight | Flight or flying is the process by which an object moves through a space without contacting any planetary surface, either within an atmosphere (i.e. air flight or aviation) or through the vacuum of outer space (i.e. spaceflight). This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with gliding or propulsive ... | 0.767349 | 0.994603 | 0.763208 |
Are | Are commonly refers to:
Are (unit), a unit of area equal to 100 m2
Are, ARE or Åre may also refer to:
Places
Åre, a locality in Sweden
Åre Municipality, a municipality in Sweden
Åre ski resort in Sweden
Are Parish, a municipality in Pärnu County, Estonia
Are, Estonia, a small borough in Are Parish
Are-Gymnasium... | 0.768705 | 0.992838 | 0.7632 |
Reification (fallacy) | Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real event or physical entity.
In other words, it is the error of treating something that is no... | 0.768271 | 0.993398 | 0.763199 |
Aerenchyma | Aerenchyma or aeriferous parenchyma or lacunae, is a modification of the parenchyma to form a spongy tissue that creates spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root. The channels of air-filled cavities (see image to right) provide... | 0.777546 | 0.98154 | 0.763193 |
Arm swing in human locomotion | Arm swing in human bipedal walking is a natural motion wherein each arm swings with the motion of the opposing leg. Swinging arms in an opposing direction with respect to the lower limb reduces the angular momentum of the body, balancing the rotational motion produced during walking. Although such pendulum-like motion ... | 0.785555 | 0.971525 | 0.763187 |
Second law of thermodynamics | The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions. A simple statement of the law is that heat always flows spontaneously from hotter to colder regions of matter (or 'downhill' in terms of the temperature gradient). Another statement i... | 0.763558 | 0.999474 | 0.763156 |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength. The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ult... | 0.763353 | 0.999741 | 0.763155 |
Fundamental interaction | In physics, the fundamental interactions or fundamental forces are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four fundamental interactions known to exist in nature:
gravity
electromagnetism
weak interaction
strong interaction
The gravitational and electromagnetic int... | 0.764627 | 0.998064 | 0.763147 |
Molecular geometry | Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.
Molecular geometry influences several prop... | 0.769173 | 0.992152 | 0.763136 |
Exercise | Exercise is physical activity that enhances or maintains fitness and overall health. It is performed for various reasons, including weight loss or maintenance, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic skills, improve health, or simply for enjoyment. Many individua... | 0.76405 | 0.9988 | 0.763134 |
Cosmogony | Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of the cosmos or the universe.
Overview
Scientific theories
In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system... | 0.765682 | 0.996661 | 0.763125 |
Castigliano's method | Castigliano's method, named after Carlo Alberto Castigliano, is a method for determining the displacements of a linear-elastic system based on the partial derivatives of the energy. He is known for his two theorems. The basic concept may be easy to understand by recalling that a change in energy is equal to the causin... | 0.779065 | 0.979533 | 0.763119 |
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics | Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The term is typically used in the context of education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for... | 0.764004 | 0.998831 | 0.763111 |
Forced convection | Forced convection is a mechanism, or type of transport, in which fluid motion is generated by an external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.). Alongside natural convection, thermal radiation, and thermal conduction it is one of the methods of heat transfer and allows significant amounts of heat energy to be... | 0.78305 | 0.974492 | 0.763076 |
Natural units | In physics, natural unit systems are measurement systems for which selected physical constants have been set to 1 through nondimensionalization of physical units. For example, the speed of light may be set to 1, and it may then be omitted, equating mass and energy directly rather than using as a conversion factor in... | 0.768572 | 0.992842 | 0.763071 |
Nondimensionalization | Nondimensionalization is the partial or full removal of physical dimensions from an equation involving physical quantities by a suitable substitution of variables. This technique can simplify and parameterize problems where measured units are involved. It is closely related to dimensional analysis. In some physical sys... | 0.772959 | 0.987207 | 0.76307 |
Brillouin scattering | In electromagnetism, Brillouin scattering (also known as Brillouin light scattering or BLS), named after Léon Brillouin, refers to the interaction of light with the material waves in a medium (e.g. electrostriction and magnetostriction). It is mediated by the refractive index dependence on the material properties of th... | 0.775816 | 0.983568 | 0.763068 |
Scientific visualization | Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with the visualization of scientific phenomena. It is also considered a subset of computer graphics, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate sci... | 0.7806 | 0.977537 | 0.763065 |
Parallax | Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or half-angle of inclination between those two lines. Due to foreshortening, nearby objects show a larger parallax than farther objects, so parallax can be used to determ... | 0.764339 | 0.998326 | 0.76306 |
Ductility | Ductility refers to the ability of a material to sustain significant plastic deformation before fracture. Plastic deformation is the permanent distortion of a material under applied stress, as opposed to elastic deformation, which is reversible upon removing the stress. Ductility is a critical mechanical performance in... | 0.765653 | 0.996607 | 0.763056 |
Schwarzschild geodesics | In general relativity, Schwarzschild geodesics describe the motion of test particles in the gravitational field of a central fixed mass that is, motion in the Schwarzschild metric. Schwarzschild geodesics have been pivotal in the validation of Einstein's theory of general relativity. For example, they provide accurate... | 0.776655 | 0.982474 | 0.763043 |
Axes conventions | In ballistics and flight dynamics, axes conventions are standardized ways of establishing the location and orientation of coordinate axes for use as a frame of reference. Mobile objects are normally tracked from an external frame considered fixed. Other frames can be defined on those mobile objects to deal with relativ... | 0.778132 | 0.98058 | 0.763021 |
Equations for a falling body | A set of equations describing the trajectories of objects subject to a constant gravitational force under normal Earth-bound conditions. Assuming constant acceleration g due to Earth’s gravity, Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where F is the force exerted on a mass m by the Earth’s gravitatio... | 0.771802 | 0.988601 | 0.763004 |
Extreme sport | Action sports, adventure sports or extreme sports are activities perceived as involving a high degree of risk of injury or death. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion and highly specialized gear. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the same main attracti... | 0.764259 | 0.998356 | 0.763003 |
Flying and gliding animals | A number of animals are capable of aerial locomotion, either by powered flight or by gliding. This trait has appeared by evolution many times, without any single common ancestor. Flight has evolved at least four times in separate animals: insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats. Gliding has evolved on many more occasions.... | 0.766923 | 0.994876 | 0.762993 |
Treadmill with Vibration Isolation Stabilization | The Treadmill with Vibration Isolation Stabilization System, commonly abbreviated as TVIS, is a treadmill for use on board the International Space Station and is designed to allow astronauts to run without vibrating delicate microgravity science experiments in adjacent labs. International Space Station treadmills, not ... | 0.780105 | 0.978046 | 0.762979 |
The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood | The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood is a book by science history writer James Gleick, published in March 2011, which covers the genesis of the current Information Age. It was on The New York Times best-seller list for three weeks following its debut.
The Information has also been published in ebook formats b... | 0.780359 | 0.977727 | 0.762978 |
Plasma parameters | Plasma parameters define various characteristics of a plasma, an electrically conductive collection of charged and neutral particles of various species (electrons and ions) that responds collectively to electromagnetic forces. Such particle systems can be studied statistically, i.e., their behaviour can be described ba... | 0.772687 | 0.98743 | 0.762974 |
Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation | In physics, the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation (usually abbreviated as LLG equation), named for Lev Landau, Evgeny Lifshitz, and T. L. Gilbert, is a name used for a differential equation describing the dynamics (typically the precessional motion) of magnetization in a solid. It is a modified version by Gilbert of th... | 0.776146 | 0.983029 | 0.762974 |
Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory | The Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory (also called the Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory), named after its originators, the physicists Richard Feynman and John Archibald Wheeler, is a theory of electrodynamics based on a relativistic correct extension of action at a distance electron particles. The theory postulates ... | 0.774096 | 0.985626 | 0.76297 |
Solar luminosity | The solar luminosity is a unit of radiant flux (power emitted in the form of photons) conventionally used by astronomers to measure the luminosity of stars, galaxies and other celestial objects in terms of the output of the Sun.
One nominal solar luminosity is defined by the International Astronomical Union to be . Th... | 0.770091 | 0.990747 | 0.762966 |
Date A Live | is a Japanese light novel series written by Kōshi Tachibana and illustrated by Tsunako. Fujimi Shobo published 22 volumes from March 2011 to March 2020 under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint. Yen Press holds the license to publish the light novel in English.
Five manga were published by Kadokawa Shoten and Fujimi S... | 0.765129 | 0.997173 | 0.762966 |
Fresnel equations | The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media. They were deduced by French engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel who was the first to understand that light i... | 0.764929 | 0.997421 | 0.762956 |
Beam emittance | In accelerator physics, emittance is a property of a charged particle beam. It refers to the area occupied by the beam in a position-and-momentum phase space.
Each particle in a beam can be described by its position and momentum along each of three orthogonal axes, for a total of six position and momentum coordinates.... | 0.782732 | 0.974722 | 0.762946 |
Thermodynamic cycle | A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. In the process of passing throug... | 0.770803 | 0.989758 | 0.762908 |
Animal locomotion | In ethology, animal locomotion is any of a variety of methods that animals use to move from one place to another. Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding. There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for trans... | 0.766383 | 0.995456 | 0.7629 |
Pair production | Pair production is the creation of a subatomic particle and its antiparticle from a neutral boson. Examples include creating an electron and a positron, a muon and an antimuon, or a proton and an antiproton. Pair production often refers specifically to a photon creating an electron–positron pair near a nucleus. As ener... | 0.768098 | 0.993233 | 0.7629 |
X-ray crystallography | X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce a thr... | 0.765038 | 0.9972 | 0.762896 |
Stability theory | In mathematics, stability theory addresses the stability of solutions of differential equations and of trajectories of dynamical systems under small perturbations of initial conditions. The heat equation, for example, is a stable partial differential equation because small perturbations of initial data lead to small v... | 0.769208 | 0.991789 | 0.762893 |
Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) | (), usually translated as Five Phases or Five Agents, is a fivefold conceptual scheme used in many traditional Chinese fields of study to explain a wide array of phenomena, including cosmic cycles, the interactions between internal organs, the succession of political regimes, and the properties of herbal medicines.
Th... | 0.76376 | 0.998857 | 0.762888 |
Operator (physics) | An operator is a function over a space of physical states onto another space of states. The simplest example of the utility of operators is the study of symmetry (which makes the concept of a group useful in this context). Because of this, they are useful tools in classical mechanics. Operators are even more important ... | 0.769726 | 0.99108 | 0.76286 |
Natural environment | The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to Earth or some parts of Earth. This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that aff... | 0.76364 | 0.998972 | 0.762855 |
Chapman–Kolmogorov equation | In mathematics, specifically in the theory of Markovian stochastic processes in probability theory, the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation (CKE) is an identity relating the joint probability distributions of different sets of coordinates on a stochastic process. The equation was derived independently by both the British mat... | 0.773693 | 0.98599 | 0.762854 |
Energy transition | An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system. Currently, a transition to sustainable energy is underway to limit climate change. Most of the sustainable energy is renewable energy. Therefore, another term for energy transition i... | 0.769288 | 0.991628 | 0.762848 |
Introduction to entropy | In thermodynamics, entropy is a numerical quantity that shows that many physical processes can go in only one direction in time. For example, cream and coffee can be mixed together, but cannot be "unmixed"; a piece of wood can be burned, but cannot be "unburned". The word 'entropy' has entered popular usage to refer to... | 0.771616 | 0.988623 | 0.762837 |
Electromagnetic mass | Electromagnetic mass was initially a concept of classical mechanics, denoting as to how much the electromagnetic field, or the self-energy, is contributing to the mass of charged particles. It was first derived by J. J. Thomson in 1881 and was for some time also considered as a dynamical explanation of inertial mass pe... | 0.786852 | 0.969462 | 0.762823 |
Accelerated Reader | Accelerated Reader (AR) is an educational program created by Renaissance Learning. It is designed to monitor and manage students' independent reading practice and comprehension in both English and Spanish. The program assesses students' performance through quizzes and tests based on the books they have read. As the stu... | 0.764841 | 0.997356 | 0.762818 |
Yang–Mills theory | Yang–Mills theory is a quantum field theory for nuclear binding devised by Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills in 1953, as well as a generic term for the class of similar theories. The Yang–Mills theory is a gauge theory based on a special unitary group , or more generally any compact Lie group. A Yang–Mills theory seeks t... | 0.765992 | 0.995855 | 0.762817 |
Axial parallelism | Axial parallelism (also called gyroscopic stiffness, inertia or rigidity, or "rigidity in space") is the characteristic of a rotating body in which the direction of the axis of rotation remains fixed as the object moves through space. In astronomy, this characteristic is found in astronomical bodies in orbit. It is the... | 0.78038 | 0.977435 | 0.762771 |
Time constant | In physics and engineering, the time constant, usually denoted by the Greek letter (tau), is the parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first-order, linear time-invariant (LTI) system. The time constant is the main characteristic unit of a first-order LTI system. It gives speed of the response.
In... | 0.766316 | 0.995366 | 0.762765 |
Constitutive equation | In physics and engineering, a constitutive equation or constitutive relation is a relation between two or more physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities as related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance or field, and approximates its response to external stimuli, usually as applie... | 0.771099 | 0.989175 | 0.762751 |
Rotation (mathematics) | Rotation in mathematics is a concept originating in geometry. Any rotation is a motion of a certain space that preserves at least one point. It can describe, for example, the motion of a rigid body around a fixed point. Rotation can have a sign (as in the sign of an angle): a clockwise rotation is a negative magnitude ... | 0.768649 | 0.992324 | 0.762748 |
Hardware acceleration | Hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware designed to perform specific functions more efficiently when compared to software running on a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU). Any transformation of data that can be calculated in software running on a generic CPU can also be calculated in custom-made... | 0.769464 | 0.991239 | 0.762722 |
Understeer and oversteer | Understeer and oversteer are vehicle dynamics terms used to describe the sensitivity of the vehicle to changes in steering angle associated with changes in lateral acceleration. This sensitivity is defined for a level road for a given steady state operating condition by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in doc... | 0.768523 | 0.992447 | 0.762718 |
Bremsstrahlung | In particle physics, (; ) is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into radiation (i.e., photons), thus satisfying the law of cons... | 0.76503 | 0.996943 | 0.762691 |
Diamagnetism | Diamagnetism is the property of materials that are repelled by a magnetic field; an applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a repulsive force. In contrast, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted by a magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a quantum me... | 0.765274 | 0.996584 | 0.762659 |
K-epsilon turbulence model | K-epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model is one of the most common models used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate mean flow characteristics for turbulent flow conditions. It is a two equation model that gives a general description of turbulence by means of two transport equations (partial differential equations,... | 0.770809 | 0.989425 | 0.762657 |
Electric displacement field | In physics, the electric displacement field (denoted by D) or electric induction is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the electromagnetic effects of polarization and that of an electric field, combining the two in an auxiliary field. It plays a major role in topics such as the capacita... | 0.767967 | 0.993081 | 0.762654 |
Thermobaric weapon | A thermobaric weapon, also called an aerosol bomb, or a vacuum bomb, is a type of explosive munition that works by dispersing an aerosol cloud of gas, liquid or powdered explosive. The fuel is usually a single compound, rather than a mixture of multiple molecules. Many types of thermobaric weapons can be fitted to hand... | 0.763232 | 0.999222 | 0.762639 |
Reductionism | Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of simpler or more fundamental phenomena. It is also described as an intellectual and philosophical position that interprets a complex system as the sum of its parts.
Definitions
The... | 0.765369 | 0.996425 | 0.762632 |
Spacecraft propulsion | Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. In-space propulsion exclusively deals with propulsion systems used in the vacuum of space and should not be confused with space launch or atmospheric entry.
Several methods of pragmatic spacecraft propulsion have been develope... | 0.766865 | 0.994476 | 0.762629 |
Particle image velocimetry | Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method of flow visualization used in education and research. It is used to obtain instantaneous velocity measurements and related properties in fluids. The fluid is seeded with tracer particles which, for sufficiently small particles, are assumed to faithfully follow the f... | 0.771027 | 0.989087 | 0.762613 |
Burgers' equation | Burgers' equation or Bateman–Burgers equation is a fundamental partial differential equation and convection–diffusion equation occurring in various areas of applied mathematics, such as fluid mechanics, nonlinear acoustics, gas dynamics, and traffic flow. The equation was first introduced by Harry Bateman in 1915 and l... | 0.767505 | 0.993626 | 0.762613 |
Condensation | Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud conde... | 0.76487 | 0.997044 | 0.762609 |
Orthogenesis | Orthogenesis, also known as orthogenetic evolution, progressive evolution, evolutionary progress, or progressionism, is an obsolete biological hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve in a definite direction towards some goal (teleology) due to some internal mechanism or "driving force". According to... | 0.770698 | 0.989498 | 0.762604 |
Hooke's law | In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, where is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and is small compared to the total possible deformation ... | 0.763211 | 0.999149 | 0.762562 |
Moody chart | In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor fD, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Hi... | 0.765699 | 0.995902 | 0.762561 |
GADGET | GADGET is free software for cosmological N-body/SPH simulations written by Volker Springel at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. The name is an acronym of "GAlaxies with Dark matter and Gas intEracT". It is released under the GNU GPL. It can be used to study for example galaxy formation and dark matter.
Descri... | 0.768843 | 0.991819 | 0.762553 |
State function | In the thermodynamics of equilibrium, a state function, function of state, or point function for a thermodynamic system is a mathematical function relating several state variables or state quantities (that describe equilibrium states of a system) that depend only on the current equilibrium thermodynamic state of the sy... | 0.769082 | 0.991507 | 0.76255 |
History of physics | Physics is a branch of science whose primary objects of study are matter and energy. Discoveries of physics find applications throughout the natural sciences and in technology. Historically, physics emerged from the scientific revolution of the 17th century, grew rapidly in the 19th century, then was transformed by a s... | 0.765826 | 0.995717 | 0.762546 |
Solving the geodesic equations | Solving the geodesic equations is a procedure used in mathematics, particularly Riemannian geometry, and in physics, particularly in general relativity, that results in obtaining geodesics. Physically, these represent the paths of (usually ideal) particles with no proper acceleration, their motion satisfying the geodes... | 0.782497 | 0.974472 | 0.762521 |
ISO 31 | ISO 31 (Quantities and units, International Organization for Standardization, 1992) is a superseded international standard concerning physical quantities, units of measurement, their interrelationships and their presentation. It was revised and replaced by ISO/IEC 80000.
Parts
The standard comes in 14 parts:
ISO 31-... | 0.790578 | 0.964506 | 0.762517 |
Holonomic constraints | In classical mechanics, holonomic constraints are relations between the position variables (and possibly time) that can be expressed in the following form:
where are generalized coordinates that describe the system (in unconstrained configuration space). For example, the motion of a particle constrained to lie on th... | 0.770141 | 0.990072 | 0.762494 |
Field propulsion | Field propulsion is the concept of spacecraft propulsion where no propellant is necessary but instead momentum of the spacecraft is changed by an interaction of the spacecraft with external force fields, such as gravitational and magnetic fields from stars and planets. Proposed drives that use field propulsion are ofte... | 0.781875 | 0.975175 | 0.762465 |
Mohr's circle | Mohr's circle is a two-dimensional graphical representation of the transformation law for the Cauchy stress tensor.
Mohr's circle is often used in calculations relating to mechanical engineering for materials' strength, geotechnical engineering for strength of soils, and structural engineering for strength of built s... | 0.766438 | 0.994802 | 0.762454 |
Potential gradient | In physics, chemistry , a potential gradient is the local rate of change of the potential with respect to displacement, i.e. spatial derivative, or gradient. This quantity frequently occurs in equations of physical processes because it leads to some form of flux.
Definition
One dimension
The simplest definition for ... | 0.779144 | 0.978577 | 0.762452 |
Convergent evolution | Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is ho... | 0.763802 | 0.998231 | 0.762451 |
Euler angles | The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.
They can also represent the orientation of a mobile frame of reference in physics or the orientation of a general basis in three dimensional linear algebra.
Classic Eu... | 0.763426 | 0.998709 | 0.762441 |
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