doc_id stringlengths 1 5 | doc_title stringlengths 2 371 | doc_lang stringclasses 15 values | doc_type stringclasses 19 values | doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4 | ddc stringclasses 71 values | doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52 | bll_match_id listlengths 0 57 | bll_match_literals listlengths 0 57 | bll_superclasses listlengths 0 52 | bll_superclass_literals listlengths 0 52 | bll_top_node listlengths 0 57 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10022 | A discourse-based approach to verb placement in early West-Germanic | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper presents a novel approach to explaining word order variation in the early Germanic languages. Initial observations about verb placement as a device marking types of rhetorical relations made on data from Old High German (cf. Hinterhölzl & Petrova 2005) are now reconsidered on a larger scale and compared with evidence from other early Germanic languages. The paper claims that the identification of information-structural domains in a sentence is best achieved by taking into account the interaction between the pragmatic features of discourse referents and properties of discourse organization."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:HighGerman",
"bllo:bll-133070174",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"Old High German",
"Althochdeutsch"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"HistoricalFormOfHighGerman",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Historical form of High German",
"Sprachstufe des Hochdeutschen"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10023 | ANNIS: a linguistic database for exploring information structure | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of our first version of the database \"ANNIS\" (ANNotation of Information Structure). For research based on empirical data, ANNIS provides a uniform environment for storing this data together with its linguistic annotations. A central database promotes standardized annotation, which facilitates interpretation and comparison of the data. ANNIS is used through a standard web browser and offers tier-based visualization of data and annotations, as well as search facilities that allow for cross-level and cross-sentential queries. The paper motivates the design of the system, characterizes its user interface, and provides an initial technical evaluation of ANNIS with respect to data size and query processing."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073564",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
10024 | An analysis of pitch and duration in material used to test L2 processing of words | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The material reported on in this paper is part of a set of experiments in which the role of Information Structure on L2 processing of words is tested. Pitch and duration of 4 sets of experimental material in German and English are measured and analyzed in this paper. The well-known finding that accent boosts duration and pitch is confirmed. Syntactic and lexical means of marking focus, however, do not give the duration and the pitch of a word an extra boost."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10025 | Basic notions of information structure | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This article takes stock of the basic notions of Information Structure (IS). It first provides a general characterization of IS — following Chafe (1976) — within a communicative model of Common Ground (CG), which distinguishes between CG content and CG management. IS is concerned with those features of language that concern the local CG. Second, this paper defines and discusses the notions of Focus (as indicating alternatives) and its various uses, Givenness (as indicating that a denotation is already present in the CG), and Topic (as specifying what a statement is about). It also proposes a new notion, Delimitation, which comprises contrastive topics and frame setters, and indicates that the current conversational move does not entirely satisfy the local communicative needs. It also points out that rhetorical structuring partly belongs to IS."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
10026 | Contrastive focus, givenness and the unmarked status of "discourse-new" | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"New evidence is provided for a grammatical principle that singles out contrastive focus (Rooth 1996; Truckenbrodt 1995) and distinguishes it from discourse-new “informational” focus. Since the prosody of discourse-given constituents may also be distinguished from discourse-new, a three-way distinction in representation is motivated. It is assumed that an F-feature marks just contrastive focus (Jackendoff 1972, Rooth 1992), and that a G-feature marks discoursegiven constituents (Féry and Samek-Lodovici 2006), while discoursenew is unmarked. A crucial argument for G-marking comes from second occurrence focus (SOF) prosody, which arguably derives from a syntactic representation where SOF is both F-marked and G-marked. This analysis relies on a new G-Marking Condition specifying that a contrastive focus may be G-marked only if the focus semantic value of its scope is discourse-given, i.e. only if the contrast itself is given."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:SyntacticRepresentation",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Syntactic representation",
"Syntaktische Repräsentation"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10027 | Contrastive focus | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The article puts forward a discourse-pragmatic approach to the notoriously evasive phenomena of contrastivity and emphasis. It is argued that occurrences of focus that are treated in terms of \"contrastive focus\", \"kontrast\" (Vallduví & Vilkuna 1998) or \"identificational focus\" (É. Kiss 1998) in the literature should not be analyzed in familiar semantic terms like introduction of alternatives or exhaustivity. Rather, an adequate analysis must take into account discourse-pragmatic notions like hearer expectation or discourse expectability of the focused content in a given discourse situation. The less expected a given content is judged to be for the hearer, relative to the Common Ground, the more likely a speaker is to mark this content by means of special grammatical devices, giving rise to emphasis."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10028 | Cyclic phonology–syntax-interaction : movement to first position in German | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper investigates the nature of the attraction of XPs to clauseinitial position in German (and other languages). It argues that there are two different types of preposing. First, an XP can move when it is attracted by an EPP-like feature of Comp. Comp can, however, also attract elements that bear the formal marker of some semantic or pragmatic (information theoretic) function. This second type of movement is driven by the attraction of a formal property of the moved element. It has often been misanalysed as “operator” movement in the past."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10029 | Discourse structure and information structure : interfaces and prosodic realization | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper we review the current state of research on the issue of discourse structure (DS) / information structure (IS) interface. This field has received a lot of attention from discourse semanticists and pragmatists, and has made substantial progress in recent years. In this paper we summarize the relevant studies. In addition, we look at the issue of DS/ISinteraction at a different level—that of phonetics. It is known that both information structure and discourse structure can be realized prosodically, but the issue of phonetic interaction between the prosodic devices they employ has hardly ever been discussed in this context. We think that a proper consideration of this aspect of DS/IS-interaction would enrich our understanding of the phenomenon, and hence we formulate some related research-programmatic positions."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073475",
"bllo:bll-133072576",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133084698"
] | [
[
"Aspect",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Phonetics",
"Phonetik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10030 | Focus and intonation in japanese : does focus trigger pitch reset? | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper discusses how focus change s prosodic structure in Tokyo Japanese. It is generally believed that focus blocks the intonational process of downstep and causes a pitch reset. This paper presents experimental evidence against this traditional view by looking at the prosodic behavior of Wh words, which receive focus lexically in Japanese as in other languages. It is demonstrated, specifically, that the focused Wh element does not block downstep although it receives a much higher pitch than its preceding element. This suggests that presence of lexical focus does not trigger pitch reset in Japanese."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10031 | Diskurspragmatische Faktoren für Topikalität und Verbstellung in der ahd. Tatianübersetzung (9. Jh.) | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper presents work in progress on the interaction between information structure and word order in Old High German based on data from the Tatian translation (9th century). The examination of the position of the finite verb in correspondence with the pragmatic status of discourse referents reveals an overall tendency for verb-initial order in thetic/all-focus sentences, whereas in categorical / topic-comment sentences verb-second placement with an initial topic constituent is preferred. This conclusion provides support for the hypothesis stated in Donhauser & Hinterhölzl (2003) that the finite verb form in Early Germanic serves to distinguish the information-structural domains of Topic and Focus. Finally, the investigation sheds light on the process of language change that led to the overall spread of verb-second in main clauses of modern German."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:HighGerman",
"bllo:bll-133070174",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133070166"
] | [
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"Old High German",
"Althochdeutsch"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
]
] | [
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"HistoricalFormOfHighGerman",
"HighGerman",
"bll-133070158",
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Historical form of High German",
"Sprachstufe des Hochdeutschen"
],
[
"High German",
"Hochdeutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10032 | Encoding information structure in Yucatec Maya : on the Interplay of prosody and syntax | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The aim of this paper is to outline the means for encoding information structure in Yucatec Maya. Yucatec Maya is a tone language, displaying a three-fold opposition in the tonal realization of syllables. From the morpho-syntactic point of view, the grammar of Yucatec Maya contains morphological (topic affixes, morphological marking of out-of-focus predicates) and syntactic (designated positions) means to uniquely specify syntactic constructions for their information structure. After a descriptive overview of these phenomena, we present experimental evidence which reveals the impact of the nonavailability of prosodic alternatives on the choice of syntactic constructions in language production."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307594X",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Opposition",
"bllo:bll-133114759"
] | [
[
"Yucatec",
"Yukatan"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Opposition",
"Opposition"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
]
] | [
[
"Yucatec",
"bll-133114759",
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133075117",
"bll-133107264",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Yucatecan",
"Yukatekisch"
],
[
"Maya",
"Maya"
],
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Indigenous languages of North and Central America",
"Indigene Sprachen Nordamerikas und Zentralamerikas"
],
[
"Native American languages",
"Indigene amerikanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10033 | EXMARaLDA und Datenbank "Mehrsprachigkeit" - Konzepte und praktische Erfahrungen | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In diesem Aufsatz geht es um die Datenbank ‚Mehrsprachigkeit’ und das System EXMARaLDA, die am SFB 538 ‚Mehrsprachigkeit’ der Universität Hamburg entwickelt werden. Da deren konzeptuelle und technische Details bereits an anderer Stelle ausführlich dargestellt worden sind (z.B. Schmidt 2004), soll der Schwerpunkt hier einerseits auf solchen Aspekten liegen, die – gemäß dem Thema des Workshops – mit allgemeineren Fragen zum Umgang mit computerverwertbaren, heterogenen linguistischen Datenbeständen zu tun haben. Andererseits soll versucht werden, aus den praktischen Erfahrungen der nunmehr vierjährigen Projektarbeit einige Erkenntnisse abzuleiten, die über den konkreten Projektzusammenhang hinaus für die weitere Arbeit auf diesem Gebiet interessant sein könnten.",
"This paper presents some concepts and principles used in the development of a database of multilingual spoken discourse at the University of Hamburg. The emphasis of the first part is on general considerations for the handling of heterogeneous data sets: After showing that diversity in transcription data is partly conceptually and partly technologically motivated, it is argued that the processing of transcription corpora should be approached via a three-level architecture which separates form (application) and content (data) on the one hand, and logical and physical data structures on the other hand. Such an architecture does not only pave the way for modern text-technological approaches to linguistic data processing, it can also help to decide where and how a standardization in the work with heterogeneous data is possible and desirable and where it would run counter to the needs of the research community. It is further argued that, in order to ensure user acceptance, new solutions developed in this approach must take care not to abandon established concepts too quickly. The focus of the second part is on some practical experiences with users and technologies gained in the four years’ project work. Concerning the practical development work, the value of open standards like XML and Unicode is emphasized and some limitations of the “platform-independent” JAVA technology are indicated. With respect to users of the EXMARaLDA system, a predominantly conservative attitude towards technological innovations in transcription corpus work can be stated: individual users tend to stick to known functionalities and are reluctant to adopt themselves to the new possibilities. Furthermore, an active commitment to cooperative corpus work still seems to be the exception rather than the rule. It is concluded that technological innovations can contribute their share to a progress in the work with heterogeneous linguistic data, but that they will have to be supplemented, in the long run, with an adequate methodological reflection and the creation of an appropriate infrastructure."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133073297",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-398942803",
"bllo:Multilingual",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Transcription",
"Transkription"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Creation",
"Schöpfung"
],
[
"Multilingual",
"Mehrsprachig"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"LinguisticRule",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WritingSystem",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10034 | Exploring lexical patterns in text : lexical cohesion analysis with WordNet | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"We present a system for the linguistic exploration and analysis of lexical cohesion in English texts. Using an electronic thesaurus-like resource, Princeton WordNet, and the Brown Corpus of English, we have implemented a process of annotating text with lexical chains and a graphical user interface for inspection of the annotated text. We describe the system and report on some sample linguistic analyses carried out using the combined thesaurus-corpus resource."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10037 | Focus accent, word length and position as cues to L1 and L2 word recognition | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The present study examines native and nonnative perceptual processing of semantic information conveyed by prosodic prominence. Five groups of German learners of English each listened to one of 5 experimental conditions. Three conditions differed in place of focus accent in the sentence and two conditions were with spliced stimuli. The experiment condition was presented first in the learners’ L1 (German) and then in a similar set in the L2 (English). The effect of the accent condition and of the length and position of the target in the sentence was evaluated in a probe recognition task. In both the L1 and L2 tasks there was no significant effect in any of the five focus conditions. Target position and target word length had an effect in the L1 task. Word length did not affect accuracy rates in the L2 task. For probe recognition in the L2, word length and the position of the target interacted with the focus condition."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133092887",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133088308"
] | [
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Affect",
"Affekt"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Word length",
"Wortlänge"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
] |
10038 | Focus asymmetries in Bura | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This article presents the central aspects of the focus system of Bura (Chadic), which exhibits a number of asymmetries: Grammatical focus marking is obligatory only with focused subjects, where focus is marked by the particle án following the subject. Focused subjects remain in situ and the complement of án is a regular VP. With nonsubject foci, án appears in a cleft-structure between the fronted focus constituent and a relative clause. We present a semantically unified analysis of focus marking in Bura that treats the particle as a focusmarking copula in T that takes a property-denoting expression (the background) and an individual-denoting expression (the focus) as arguments. The article also investigates the realization of predicate and polarity focus, which are almost never marked. The upshot of the discussion is that Bura shares many characteristic traits of focus marking with other Chadic languages, but it crucially differs in exhibiting a structural difference in the marking of focus on subjects and non-subject constituents."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-13308681X",
"bllo:bll-133074072",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-13311905X",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:bll-18231796X",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Clause",
"bllo:bll-133117987"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Copula",
"Kopula"
],
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Predicate",
"Prädikat"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Chadic languages",
"Tschadische Sprachen"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133079244",
"bll-133127125",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Auxiliary",
"Auxiliarverb"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10039 | Focus and tone | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Tone is a distinctive feature of the lexemes in tone languages. The information-structural category focus is usually marked by syntactic and morphological means in these languages, but sometimes also by intonation strategies. In intonation languages, focus is marked by pitch movements, which are also perceived as tone. The present article discusses prosodic focus marking in these two language types."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10040 | Focus expressions in Foodo | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper aims at presenting different ways of expressing focus in Foodo, a Guang language. We can differentiate between marked and unmarked focus strategies. The marked focus expressions are first syntactically characterized: the focused constituent is in sentence-initial position and is second always marked obligatorily by a focus marker, which is [...] for non-subjects and N for subjects. Complementary to these structures, Foodo knows an elliptic form consisting of the focused constituent and a predication marker [...]. It will be shown that the two focus markers can be analyzed as having developed out of the homophone conjunction n[...] and that the constraints on the use of the focus markers can be best explained by this fact."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133111199",
"bllo:bll-133075281",
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Conjunction",
"Konjunktion"
],
[
"Predication",
"Prädikation"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10041 | Focus presuppositions | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper reviews notions related to focus and presupposition and addresses the hypothesis that focus triggers an existential presupposition. Presupposition projection behavior in certain examples appears to favor a presuppositional analysis of focus. It is argued that these examples are open to a different analysis using givenness theory. Overall, the analysis favors a weak semantics for focus not including an existential presupposition."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10042 | Focus strategies in chadic : the case of tangale revisited | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"We argue that the standard focus theories reach their limits when confronted with the focus systems of the Chadic languages. The backbone of the standard focus theories consists of two assumptions, both called into question by the languages under consideration. Firstly, it is standardly assumed that focus is generally marked by stress. The Chadic languages, however, exhibit a variety of different devices for focus marking. Secondly, it is assumed that focus is always marked. In Tangale, at least, focus is not marked consistently on all types of constituents. The paper offers two possible solutions to this dilemma."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073165",
"bllo:bll-18231796X",
"bllo:bll-133103757",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Stress",
"Tonstärke"
],
[
"Chadic languages",
"Tschadische Sprachen"
],
[
"Tangale",
"Tangale"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestChadic_A",
"WestChadic",
"bll-18231796X",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Chadic A",
"Westtschadisch A"
],
[
"West Chadic",
"Westtschadisch"
],
[
"Chadic languages",
"Tschadische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10043 | German sentence accent revisited | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Results of a production experiment on the placement of sentence accent in German are reported. The hypothesis that German fulfills some of the most widely accepted rules of accent assignment— predicting focus domain integration—was only partly confirmed. Adjacency between argument and verb induces a single accent on the argument, as recognized in the literature, but interruption of this sequence by a modifier often induces remodeling of the accent pattern with a single accent on the modifier. The verb is rarely stressed. All models based on linear alignment or adjacency between elements belonging to a single accent domain fail to account for this result. A cyclic analysis of prosodic domain formation is proposed in an optimality-theoretic framework that can explain the accent pattern."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133115666",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Modifier",
"Modifier"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10044 | Heterogeneity and standardization in data, use, and annotation : a diachronic corpus of German | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper describes the standardization problems that come up in a diachronic corpus: it has to cope with differing standards with regard to diplomaticity, annotation, and header information. Such highly heterogeneous texts must be standardized to allow for comparative research without (too much) loss of information."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
10045 | The influence of tense in adverbial quantification | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"We argue that there is a crucial difference between determiner and adverbial quantification. Following Herburger [2000] and von Fintel [1994], we assume that determiner quantifiers quantify over individuals and adverbial quantifiers over eventualities. While it is usually assumed that the semantics of sentences with determiner quantifiers and those with adverbial quantifiers basically come out the same, we will show by way of new data that quantification over events is more restricted than quantification over individuals. This is because eventualities in contrast to individuals have to be located in time which is done using contextual information according to a pragmatic resolution strategy. If the contextual information and the tense information given in the respective sentence contradict each other, the sentence is uninterpretable. We conclude that this is the reason why in these cases adverbial quantification, i.e. quantification over eventualities, is impossible whereas quantification over individuals is fine."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133089118",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Tense"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Tense",
"Gespannt"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"TensenessFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tenseness feature",
"Spannung"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
10046 | Information structural notions and the fallacy of invariant correlates | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In a first step, definitions of the irreducible information structural categories are given, and in a second step, it is shown that there are no invariant phonological or otherwise grammatical correlates of these categories. In other words, the phonology, syntax or morphology are unable to define information structure. It is a common mistake that information structural categories are expressed by invariant grammatical correlates, be they syntactic, morphological or phonological. It is rather the case that grammatical cues help speaker and hearer to sort out which element carries which information structural role, and only in this sense are the grammatical correlates of information structure important. Languages display variation as to the role of grammar in enhancing categories of information structure, and this variation reflects the variation found in the ‘normal’ syntax and phonology of languages."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
10047 | Information structure as information-based partition | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"While the Information Structure (IS) is most naturally interpreted as \"structure of information\", some may argue that it is structure of something else, and others may object to the use of the word \"structure\". This paper focuses on the question of whether the informational component can have structural properties such that it can be called \"structure\". The preliminary conclusion is that, althoughthere are some vague indications of structurehood in it, it is perhaps better understood to be a representation that encodes a finite set of information-based partitions, rather than structure."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:Word"
] | [
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10048 | Information structure in linguistic theory and in speech production : validation of a cross-linguistic data set | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The aim of this paper is to validate a dataset collected by means of production experiments which are part of the Questionnaire on Information Structure. The experiments generate a range of information structure contexts that have been observed in the literature to induce specific constructions. This paper compares the speech production results from a subset of these experiments with specific claims about the reflexes of information structure in four different languages. The results allow us to evaluate and in most cases validate the efficacy of our elicitation paradigms, to identify potentially fruitful avenues of future research, and to highlight issues involved in interpreting speech production data of this kind."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133126064"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
""
] |
10050 | Intonation and discourse : biased questions | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call “focus” questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10051 | Intonation of sentences with an NPI | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper presents the results of a production experiment on the intonation of sentences containing a negative polarity item (NPI) in Tokyo Japanese. The results show that NPI sentences exhibit a focus intonation: the F0-peak of the word to which an NPI is attached is raised, while the pitch contour after the NPI-attached word is compressed until the negation. This intonation pattern is parallel to that of wh-question, in which the F0 of the wh-phrase is raised while the post-wh-contour is compressed until the question particle."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:Negation",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133128482",
"bllo:bll-133117987"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Wh-question",
"Ergänzungsfrage"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133074005",
"bll-13307398X",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Interrogative sentence",
"Fragesatz"
],
[
"Sentence types",
"Satzarten"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10052 | Morphological focus marking in Gùrùntùm (West Chadic) | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper presents an in-depth study of focus marking in Gùrùntùm, a West Ch adic language spoken in Bauchi Province of Northern Nigeria. Focus in Gùrùntùm is marked morphologically by means of a focus marker a, which typically precedes the focus constituent. Even though the morphological focus-marking system of Gùrùntùm allows for a lot of fine-grained distinctions in information structure (IS) in principle, the language is not entirely free of focus ambiguities that arise as the result of conflicting IS- and syntactic requirements that govern the placement of focus markers. We show that morphological focus marking with a applies across different types of focus, such as newinformation, contrastive, selective and corrective focus, and that a does not have a second function as a perfectivity marker, as is assumed in the literature. In contrast, we show at the end of the paper that a can also function as a foregrounding device at the level of discourse structure."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133103145",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Bauchi",
"Baushi"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-277101239",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Kainji languages",
"Kainji-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10053 | Multiple hierarchies : new aspects of an old solution | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper, we present the Multiple Annotation approach, which solves two problems: the problem of annotating overlapping structures, and the problem that occurs when documents should be annotated according to different, possibly heterogeneous tag sets. This approach has many advantages: it is based on XML, the modeling of alternative annotations is possible, each level can be viewed separately, and new levels can be added at any time. The files can be regarded as an interrelated unit, with the text serving as the implicit link. Two representations of the information contained in the multiple files (one in Prolog and one in XML) are described. These representations serve as a base for several applications."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
10054 | Notions and subnotions in information structure | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Three dimensions can be distinguished in a cross-linguistic account of information structure. First, there is the definition of the focus constituent, the part of the linguistic expression which is subject to some focus meaning. Second and third, there are the focus meanings and the array of structural devices that encode them. In a given language, the expression of focus is facilitated as well as constrained by the grammar within which the focus devices operate. The prevalence of focus ambiguity, the structural inability to make focus distinctions, will thus vary across languages, and within a language, across focus meanings."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:Ambiguity",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Ambiguity",
"Ambiguität"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10055 | On "nicht...sondern..." (contrastive "not...but...") | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This article presents an analysis of German nicht...sondern... (contrastive not...but...) which departs from the commonly held view that this construction should be explained by appeal to its alleged corrective function. It will be demonstrated that in nicht A sondern B (not A but B), A and B just behave like stand-alone unmarked answers to a common question Q, and that this property of sondern is presuppositional in character. It is shown that from this general observation many interesting properties of nicht...sondern... follow, among them distributional differences between German \"sondern\" and German \"aber\" (contrastive but, concessive but), intonational requirements and exhaustivity effect sondern presupposition is furthermore argued to be the result of the conventionalization of conversational implicatures."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10056 | Notions of focus anaphoricity | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This article reviews some of the theoretical notions and empirical phenomena which figure in current formal-semantic theories of focus. It also develops the connection between “alternative semantics” and “givenness” accounts of focus interpretation."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307448X",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Semantics",
"Semantik"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10057 | Out-of-focus encoding in Gur and Kwa | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper investigates the structural properties of morphosyntactically marked focus constructions, focussing on the often neglected non-focal sentence part in African tone languages. Based on new empirical evidence from five Gur and Kwa languages, we claim that these focus expressions have to be analysed as biclausal constructions even though they do not represent clefts containing restrictive relative clauses. First, we relativize the partly overgeneralized assumptions about structural correspondences between the out-of-focus part and relative clauses, and second, we show that our data do in fact support the hypothesis of a clause coordinating pattern as present in clause sequences in narration. It is argued that we deal with a non-accidental, systematic feature and that grammaticalization may conceal such basic narrative structures."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133102556",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133095932",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Clause"
] | [
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Kwa languages",
"Kwa-Sprachen"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10058 | Phonology and intonation | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The encoding standards for phonology and intonation are designed to facilitate consistent annotation of the phonological and intonational aspects of information structure, in languages across a range ofprosodic types. The guidelines are designed with the aim that a nonspecialist in phonology can both implement and interpret the resulting annotation."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
10059 | Prosodic focus in Vietnamese | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper reports on pilot work on the expression of Information Structure in Vietnamese and argues that Focus in Vietnamese is exclusively expressed prosodically: there are no specific focus markers, and the language uses phonology to express intonational emphasis in similar ways to languages like English or German. The exploratory data indicates that (i) focus is prosodically expressed while word order remains constant, (ii) listeners show good recoverability of the intended focus structure, and (iii) that there is a trading relationship between several phonetic parameters (duration, f0, amplitude) involved to signal prosodic (acoustic) emphasis."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133127702",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133077136"
] | [
[
"Vietnamese",
"Vietnamesisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133115739",
"bll-133095495",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Mon-Khmer",
"Mon-Khmer"
],
[
"Austroasiatic languages",
"Austroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10060 | Prosody by phase : evidence from focus intonation–Wh-scope correspondence in Japanese | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore, the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133092771",
"bllo:bll-133101010",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133116018"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Embedding",
"Embedding"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10061 | Quantificational variability effects with plural definites : quantification over individuals or situations? | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Plural",
"bllo:bll-13311497X",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
],
[
"Quantity",
"Mengenbezeichnung"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10062 | Refining queries on a treebank with XSLT filters. Approaching the universal quantifier | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper discusses the use of XSLT stylesheets as a filtering mechanism for refining the results of user queries on treebanks. The discussion is within the context of the TIGER treebank, the associated search engine and query language, but the general ideas can apply to any search engine for XML-encoded treebanks. It will be shown that important classes of linguistic phenomena can be accessed by applying relatively simple XSLT templates to the output of a query, effectively simulating the universal quantifier for a subset of the query language."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098613",
"bllo:Universal",
"bllo:bll-133119688"
] | [
[
"Treebank",
"Treebank"
],
[
"Universal",
"Universalie"
],
[
"Quantifier",
"Quantor"
]
] | [
[
"CorpusTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10063 | Question-answer test and givenness : some question marks | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In order to investigate the empirical properties of focus, it is necessary to diagnose focus (or: “what is focused”) in particular linguistic examples. It is often taken for granted that the application of one single diagnostic tool, the so-called question-answer test, which roughly says that whatever a question asks for is focused in the answer, is a fool-proof test for focus. This paper investigates one example class where such uncritical belief in the question-answer test has led to the assumption of rather complex focus projection rules: in these examples, pitch accent placement has been claimed to depend on certain parts of the focused constituents being given or not. It is demonstrated that such focus projection rules are unnecessarily complex and in turn require the assumption of unnecessarily complicated meaning rules, not to speak of the difficulties to give a precise semantic/pragmatic definition of the allegedly involved givenness property. For the sake of the argument, an alternative analysis is put forward which relies solely on alternative sets following Mats Rooth´s work, and avoids any recourse to givenness. As it turns out, this alternative analysis is not only simpler but also makes in a critical case the better predictions."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10064 | The restricted access of information structure to syntax : a minority report | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper sketches the view that syntax does not directly interact with information structure. Therefore, syntactic data are of little help when one wants to narrow down the interpretation of terms such as “focus”, “topic”, etc."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10065 | The semantics of ellipsis | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"There are four phenomena that are particularly troublesome for theories of ellipsis: the existence of sloppy readings when the relevant pronouns cannot possibly be bound; an ellipsis being resolved in such a way that an ellipsis site in the antecedent is not understood in the way it was there; an ellipsis site drawing material from two or more separate antecedents; and ellipsis with no linguistic antecedent. These cases are accounted for by means of a new theory that involves copying syntactically incomplete antecedent material and an analysis of silent VPs and NPs that makes them into higher order definite descriptions that can be bound into."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133073955"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Ellipsis",
"Ellipse"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"NullElement",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Null element",
"Null-Element"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10066 | Single prosodic phrase sentences | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"A series of production and perception experiments investigating the prosody and well-formedness of special sentences, called Wide Focus Partial Fronting (WFPF), which consist of only one prosodic phrase and a unique initial accented argument, are reported on here. The results help us to decide between different models of German prosody. The absence of pitch height difference on the accent of the sentence speaks in favor of a relative model of prosody, in which accents are scaled relative to each other, and against models in which pitch accents are scaled in an absolute way. The results also speak for a model in which syntax, but not information structure, influences the prosodic phrasing. Finally, perception experiments show that the prosodic structure of sentences with a marked word order needs to be presented for grammaticality judgments. Presentation of written material only is not enough, and falsifies the results."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Phrase",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-31572529X",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:bll-217289088",
"bllo:bll-13307384X"
] | [
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Perception",
"Wahrnehmung"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Initial",
"Initiale"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
]
] | [
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Abbreviation",
"Residual",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Abbreviation",
"Abkürzung"
],
[
"Residual",
"Restkategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
10070 | Stop bashing givenness : a note on Elke Kasimir´s "questions-answers test and givenness" | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Elke Kasimir´s paper (in this volume) argues against employing the notion of Givenness in the explanation of accent assignment. I will claim that the arguments against Givenness put forward by Kasimir are inconclusive because they beg the question of the role of Givenness. It is concluded that, more generally, arguments against Givenness as a diagnostic for information structural partitions should not be accepted offhand, since the notion of Givenness of discourse referents is (a) theoretically simple, (b) readily observable and quantifiable, and (c) bears cognitive significance."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133101010"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10071 | Structuring information through gesture and intonation | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Face-to-face communication is multimodal. In unscripted spoken discourse we can observe the interaction of several “semiotic layers”, modalities of information such as syntax, discourse structure, gesture, and intonation. We explore the role of gesture and intonation in structuring and aligning information in spoken discourse through a study of the co-occurrence of pitch accents and gestural apices. Metaphorical spatialization through gesture also plays a role in conveying the contextual relationships between the speaker, the government and other external forces in a naturally-occurring political speech setting."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133073122",
"bllo:bll-133073157",
"bllo:bll-13307384X",
"bllo:bll-13307904X"
] | [
[
"Intonation",
"Intonation"
],
[
"Pitch",
"Tonhöhe"
],
[
"Syntax",
"Syntax"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
]
] | [
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ProsodicPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Prosodic phenomenon",
"Prosodisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10072 | The interpretation of universally quantified DPs and singular definites in adverbially quantified sentences | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper deals with the conditions under which singular definites, on the one hand, and universally quantified DPs, on the other hand, receive interpretations according to which the sets denoted by the NP-complements of the respective determiner vary with the situations quantified over by a Q-adverb. I show that in both cases such interpretations depend on the availability of situation predicates that are compatible with the presuppositions associated with the respective determiner, as co-variation in both cases comes about via the binding of a covert situation variable that is contained within the NP-complement of the respective determiner. Secondly, I offer an account for the observation that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, as far as word order is concerned. This is shown to follow from the fact that co-varying definites in contrast to universally quantified DPs are inherently focus-marked."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133073947",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133089118",
"bllo:Word"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Word order",
"Wortfolge"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10073 | The particles lé and lá in the grammar of Konkomba | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper investigates focus marking devices in the scarcely documented North-Ghanaian Gur language Konkomba. The two particles lé and lá occur under specific focus conditions and are therefore regarded as focus markers in the sparse literature. Comparing the distribution and obligatoriness of both alleged focus markers however, I show that one of the particles, lé, is better analyzed as a connective particle, i.e. as a syntactic rather than as a genuine pragmatic marker, and that comparable syntactic focus marking strategies for sentence-initial constituents are also known from related languages."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133102556",
"bllo:bll-133111253",
"bllo:bll-133101517",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133117987"
] | [
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Connective",
"Konnektor"
],
[
"Particles",
"Partikelwörterbuch"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Particle",
"Partikel"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"DictionaryTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
10074 | The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-learning infants from 4 to 14 months | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The aim of the present study was to elucidate in a study with 4-, 6-, 8-, and 14-month-old German-learning children, when and how they may acquire the regularities which underlie Focus-to-Stress Alignment (FSA) in the target language, that is, how prosody is associated with specific communicative functions. Our findings suggest, that 14-month-olds have already found out that German allows for variable focus positions, after having gone through a development which goes from a predominantly prosodically driven processing of the input to a processing where prosody interacts more and more with the growing lexical and syntactic knowledge of the child."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10075 | Topic and focus : two structural positions associated with logical functionsin the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133075281",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:bll-133126692",
"bllo:bll-13311905X",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Predication",
"Prädikation"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Ungarisch"
],
[
"Predicate",
"Prädikat"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133096793",
"bll-13308390X",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Finno-Ugric languages",
"Finno-Ugrische Sprachen"
],
[
"Uralic languages",
"Uralische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10076 | Unity in diversity : integrating differing linguistic data in TUSNELDA | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper describes the creation and preparation of TUSNELDA, a collection of corpus data built for linguistic research. This collection contains a number of linguistically annotated corpora which differ in various aspects such as language, text sorts / data types, encoded annotation levels, and linguistic theories underlying the annotation. The paper focuses on this variation on the one hand and the way how these heterogeneous data are integrated into one resource on the other hand."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Jean / Siebenkäs",
"Erzählperspektive",
"Ehe <Motiv>",
"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe",
"Datenbanksystem",
"Sprachdaten",
"Mehrsprachigkeit",
"Heterogenität",
"Kongress",
"Potsdam <2004>"
] | [
"bllo:bll-398942803",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:Text",
"bllo:Annotation"
] | [
[
"Creation",
"Schöpfung"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Text",
"Text"
],
[
"Annotation",
"Annotation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MediumTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
10077 | VP-fronting in Czech and Polish : a case study in corpus-oriented grammar research | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Fronting of an infinite VP across a finite main verb - akin to German \"VP-topicalization\" - can be found also in Czech and Polish. The paper discusses evidence from large corpora for this process and some of its properties, both syntactic and information-structural. Based on this case, criteria for more user-friedly searching and retrieval of corpus data in syntactic research are being developed."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133073424",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133118894",
"bllo:bll-133126447"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Case",
"Kasus"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polnisch"
],
[
"Czech",
"Tschechisch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Slavic",
"Westslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10078 | When we fail to question in Japanese | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"When we pay close attention to the prosody of Wh-questions in Japanese, we discover many novel and interesting empirical puzzles that would require us to devise a much finer syntactic component of grammar. This paper addresses the issues that pose some problems to such an elaborated grammar, and offers solutions, making an appeal to the information structure and sentence processing involved in the interpretation of interrogative and focus constructions."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133109070",
"bllo:Sentence",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-133126064",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Japanese",
"Japanisch"
],
[
"Sentence",
"Satz"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Information structure",
"Informationsstruktur"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Japanese-Ryukyuan",
"Japanisch-Ryukyu"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
10088 | What variational linguistics can learn from Galician | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This short overview reviews, in the first part, some of the most important fields of investigation where studies on Galician have contributed to variational linguistics, including macro- and micro-sociolinguistic studies (sections 1-3). The second part (sections 4-7) postulates some possible theoretical and empirical areas which we recommend to be included in future research. We propose a critical application of new models of linguistic variation, including recent frameworks such as studies on grammaticalisation, OT, intonational phonology, etc., but also call for the inclusion of established insights into language variation common in the European tradition. The high concentration of research institutions and the strongly dynamic situation of contemporary Galician could serve as an empirical touchstone for these theoretical frameworks, and Galician linguistics should apply them in a critical, flexible and creative way. This means that research on Galician will not only learn from theory but also contribute to it. We also briefly mention some of the areas where the studies of Galician have already contributed some important results to an overall perspective on linguistic variation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Galicisch",
"ddc:460"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133070824"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Galician",
"Galicisch"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10102 | Zur Gegenstandsfrage der Germanistik und Kulturwissenschaft | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Ich will zuerst [...] die These vorstellen, daß der Gegenstandsverlust der Germanistik eingebildet ist. Wer seinen Gegenstand verliert, ist selber schuld. Die Literaturwissenschaft, sagt W. Barner zurecht, ist eine Kunstwissenschaft. Dies ist ihr Kern. Diesen zu vernachlässigen, käme einer Selbstliquidation der Literaturwissenschaft gleich. Germanisten, die sich nicht zuerst als Kunstwissenschaftler verstehen, gehören nicht ins Fach oder höchstens zu seinen Rändern. Es gibt für die Legitimation der Germanistik nur zwei Fragen: (warum) muß es diejenige Kunst geben, die wir Literatur nennen? Die Frage gilt historisch und aktuell. Und: warum muß es neben dem primären Gebrauch von Literatur (das Lesen) eine Expertenschicht geben, die sich professionell mit der Erklärung der Literatur beschäftigt? Es gibt zwei Richtungen, in denen der praktische Nachweis für die fragliche Legitimität geführt werden kann. 1. Die bloß historische Faktizitat der Literatur wird mit theoretisch überzeugenden Gründen legitimiert. Will sagen: Die Literatur weist besondere Eigenarten und Leistungen auf, die von anderen wertbesetzten kulturellen Aktivitäten wie z.B. Musik komponieren, Mathematik machen, Stoffe veredeln, bewegte Bilder herstellen nicht oder nur schlechter ersetzt werden können. Das Spezifische der Literatur, das historisch jeweils anders ausdifferenziert ist, bildet den Kern der Legitimiation auch der Literaturwissenschaft. Diese aber gewinnt ihre eigentliche Rechtfertigung nicht deswegen, weil Literatur nicht substituierbar ist, sondern weil man jedenfalls seit der Neuzeit den kulturellen Wert der Literatur nur dann hinreichend entfaltet, wenn man sie professionell erklärt. Man muß also die Erklärungsbedürftigkeit der Literatur erklären, um sich als Wissenschaftler der Literatur zu begründen."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Kulturwissenschaft",
"Wissenschaftsgeschichte"
] | [
"bllo:GermanStudies",
"bllo:bll-133101827",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"German Studies",
"Germanistik"
],
[
"Music",
"Musik"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"AcademicDiscipline"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Academic discipline",
"Fachgebiet"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"AcademicDiscipline",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10329 | Reconstruction in German relative clauses : in favor of the matching analysis | eng | doc-type:report | [
"In this paper I argue in favor of a Matching Analysis for German relative clauses. The Head Raising Analysis is shown to fail to account for parts of the reconstruction pattern in German, especially cases where only the external head is interpreted and the absence of Principle C effects. I propose a Matching Analysis with Vehicle Change and make consistent assumptions about possible deletion operations in relatives so that the entire pattern can be captured by one analysis which therefore proves superior to previous ones."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133090078",
"bllo:Deletion",
"bllo:Reconstruction",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Raising",
"Raising"
],
[
"Deletion",
"Tilgung"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133116018",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10330 | On an alternative to long A´-movement in German and Dutch | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"This paper provides an analysis of an alternative strategy to A´-movement in both German and Dutch where the extracted constituent is preceded by a preposition and a coreferential pronoun appears in the extraction site. The construction has properties of both binding and movement: Whereas reconstruction effects suggest movement out of the embedded clause, there is strong evidence that the operator constituent is linked to an A-position in the matrix clause; this paradox is resolved by assuming a Control-like approach that involves movement from the embedded clause into a theta-position in the matrix clause with subsequent short A´- movement. The coreferential pronoun is interpreted as a resumptive heading a Big-DP which hosts the antecedent in its specifier."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Niederländisch"
] | [
"bllo:Constituent",
"bllo:bll-133119092",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Reconstruction",
"bllo:bll-133116018",
"bllo:Clause",
"bllo:bll-133119394",
"bllo:bll-133116948"
] | [
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Preposition",
"Präposition"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Reconstruction",
"Rekonstruktion"
],
[
"Movement",
"Movement"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Pronoun",
"Pronomen"
],
[
"Dutch",
"Niederländisch"
]
] | [
[
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Adposition",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AnalyticalProcedure",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Adposition",
"Adposition"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Analytical procedure",
"Analytisches Verfahren"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10413 | Unbeständigkeit und Wachsamkeit : erkenntnistheoretische Konzepte in der österreichischen und ungarischen Kultur der Jahrhundertwende | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Das ausgehende 19. und beginnende 20. Jahrhundert setzt sich von den erkenntnistheoretischen Konzepten der vorangegangenen Zeit deutlich ab:Während – stark vereinfacht – die Philosophie bis dahin die Möglichkeit der Erkenntnis entweder in der subjektiven oder objektiven Dimension zu finden glaubte,wobei die Funktion der Sprache im Erkenntnisprozess kaum hinterfragt wurde, wird zur Jahrhundertwende eine Tendenz deutlich, die einerseits die Adäquatheit der sprachlichen Vermittlung entweder in Frage stellt oder zumindest thematisiert, andererseits die tradierten Erkenntnismodi neu reflektiert oder ihnen sogar den Rücken kehrt."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Österreich",
"Ungarn",
"Parole <Linguistik>",
"Geschichte 1890-1930",
"Quelle"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10546 | Das Verhältnis von Mundarten und Standardsprache in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"\"Mundarten werden von den Bauern im Kreis der Familie gesprochen, sie haben einen beschränkten Kommunikationsradius, ihre situative Verwendbarkeit ist eingeschränkt, sie stellen im Sinne Bernsteins einen restringierten Code dar.\" Solche und ähnliche Definitionsaspekte für den Begriff Dialekt finden wir immer wieder. Für Teile des deutschen Sprachgebietes sind sie auch adäquat. Die Mundarten sind dort sozial abgewertet und werden durch regionale Umgangssprachen, als Mischformen zwischen Dialekt und Hochsprache, zurückgedrängt. In der deutschsprachigen Schweiz ist dies keineswegs der Fall: Als Rolf Zinkernagel, Professor am Institut für experimentelle Immunologie der Universität Zürich, am 7. Oktober der Nobelpreis für Medizin zugesprochen wurde, war das eine der Hauptmeldungen in den Abendnachrichten. Das Interview, in dem er seine Freude über die Verleihung ausdrückt und in dem er allgemein Forschungsvorgehen erklärt, wird ganz selbstverständlich in der Mundart geführt."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Mundart"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133089762",
"bllo:bll-133101010"
] | [
[
"War",
"Krieg"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10547 | Regionale Varianten des Schweizerhochdeutschen : zur Aussprache des Schweizerhochdeutschen in Bern, Zürich und St. Gallen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die Sprachsituation in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz wird in neuerer Zeit mit dem Begriff \"mediale Diglossie\" gekennzeichnet (vgl. P. Sieber/H. Sitta 1986, S. 20). Damit wird zum Ausdruck gebracht, daß der Deutschschweizer Mundart spricht, aber Standardsprache schreibt und liest; R. Schwarzenbach (1969, S. 24-27) gebraucht deshalb für das gesprochene Schriftdeutsch auch den Begriff \"Lese- und Vortragssprache\". Im allgemeinen stimmt diese Verteilung, sie wird aber auch durchbrochen: in den Massenmedien (vgl. M. Ramseier 1988), in der Schule bzw. Universität (vgl. P. Sieber/H. Sitta 1986) und in öffentlichen Reden (vgl. R. Schwarzenbach 1969, S. 241-312) wird auch Standardsprache gesprochen, andererseits sind private Briefe und Werbetexte teilweise in Mundart (R. Schwarzenbach 1969, S. 344-377) verfaßt. Es gibt seit den späten 1960er Jahren auch eine wiedererstarkte Mundartliteratur und gedruckte mundartliche Chansons. Daß das Sprechen der Standardsprache relativ unüblich ist, zeigt die paradoxe, aber fast alltägliche Aussage jemand habe Schriftdeutsch gesprochen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dialektologie",
"Schweizerdeutsch",
"Diglossie"
] | [
"bllo:bll-202330354",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-133101010"
] | [
[
"Verbal behaviour",
"Sprechen"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Notion",
"Begriff"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
10609 | Language development for literacy ; the case of Shiyeyi in Botswana | eng | doc-type:book | [
"Since independence, the government of Botswana has practiced an exclusive language policy in which only English has been used in government circles at the exclusion of all the 26 languages represented in the country, with a limited use of the national language, Setswana. However, in recent years more positive statements have been heard in Parliament, opening up to recognize the use of other languages in education and society. These statements have provided a conducive environment for Non-governmental organizations to develop other languages for use in education and out-of-school literacy. This paper focuses on the work of one such organization. It reports on a project this organization is undertaking to revive the language and culture of the Wayeyi people in North Western, and Central Botswana. It gives findings on attitudes towards Shiyeyi as a language of instruction for literacy and shows how the preference expressed for Shiyeyi has great potential for a literacy program."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:Exclusive",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133083659"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Exclusive",
"Exklusiv"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Setswana",
"Setswana"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ClusivityFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ZoneS",
"bll-133080188",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Clusivity feature",
"Klusivität"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Zone S",
"Zone S"
],
[
"Bantu languages",
"Bantusprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
10744 | Jan Snyman papers | eng | doc-type:report | [
"Biographical history and context: Professor Jan Snyman spent most of his life researching the lesser known and marginalised San languages of Botswana and South West Africa (now Namibia). Together with O. Kohler, E. Westphal and A. Traill, he pioneered linguistic studies on these endangered languages of Africa. He contributed significantly in collection of the data that helped classify and understand the grammar of San languages. Snyman also wrote several grammars in the form of monographs and notes on these languages. By the time he died, in 2002, a draft for the Tshwaa and Kua languages had been completed. Content: Linguistic, phonetics and orthography research materials including fonts for phonetic languages. Covering dates: 1967-2000"
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-197234038",
"bllo:bll-133072576",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:Grammar"
] | [
[
"Life",
"Leben"
],
[
"Phonetics",
"Phonetik"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
10836 | The consonant phonemes of Proto-East-Cushitic (PEC) : a first approximation | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This paper is a preliminary attempt to reconstruct the consonant system of Proto-East-Cushitic (PEC) , one of the four branches of the Cushitic family. Data are taken from some twenty-odd languages including unpublished material on a variety of hitherto little known languages. After discussing a number of general problems raised by the phonological comparison of the East Cushitic languages, 23 consonants are reconstructed for the inventory of the proto-language and the evidence for the reconstructions is presented in the form of cognate sets and correspondence rules which map the proto-phonemes onto the individual reflexes. The method employed is that of comparative linguistics as traditionally employed in Indo-European linguistics."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133073017",
"bllo:bll-133111326",
"bllo:bll-133112586",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:EastCushitic",
"bllo:bll-133073564"
] | [
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Consonant",
"Konsonant"
],
[
"Consonant system",
"Konsonantensystem"
],
[
"Cushitic languages",
"Kuschitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"East Cushitic",
"Ostkuschitisch"
],
[
"Comparison",
"Komparation"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133118436",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133112586",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological system",
"Phonemsystem"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Cushitic languages",
"Kuschitische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
""
] |
11276 | On negation in yes/no questions in Serbo-Croatian | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The phenomenon discussed in this paper is the so-called expletive negation in negated yes/no questions in Serbo-Croatian. The term expletive negation seems, at this point to be a useful descriptive term for the phenomenon in question. One of the goals of this paper, however, is to show that it is not the correct one. Proposing the existence of semantically vacuous negation is the consequence of the assumption that sentential negation has a fixed position in the clausal hierarchy (Brown and Franks 1995). This approach cannot account for the relevant data in Serbo-Croatian. My claim is that the cases under consideration involve an alternative position of NegP in Serbo-Croatian, above TP. It is confined to the derivation of one semantic type of negated yes/no interrogatives, and it cannot trigger negative concord."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:Negation",
"bllo:bll-133081125",
"bllo:bll-133073505",
"bllo:bll-133122409"
] | [
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"Expletive negation",
"Expletive negation"
],
[
"Derivation",
"Derivation"
],
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
]
] | [
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073963",
"SyntacticProcess",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"Negation",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133074846",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"Syntactic process",
"Syntaktischer Prozess"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
],
[
"Negation",
"Negation"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Word formation",
"Wortbildung"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
1141 | Webliteracy : reading and writing in the World Wide Web | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Worum geht es in dieser Arbeit? Dies ist eine Arbeit über Websites. Darüber, wie sie gelesen und geschrieben werden und wie man das lernen kann. Da es in dieser Arbeit um Lesen, Schreiben und Lernen geht, fließen in sie sowohl Aspekte der Sprachwissenschaft als auch der Sprachdidaktik ein. Was will diese Arbeit? Diese Arbeit hat zwei Ziele, ein sprachwissenschaftliches und ein sprachdidaktisches. In sprachwissenschaftlicher Hinsicht sollen, auf der Grundlage einer gründlichen Analyse seiner Eigenschaften, die Besonderheiten des Lesens und Schreibens im World Wide Web herausgearbeitet werden. Aufbauend auf dieser Analyse sollen im sprachdidaktischen Teil der Arbeit die Kompetenzen ermittelt und in Beziehung zueinander gesetzt werden, die zur Erstellung von Websites notwendig sind. Das so entstehende Kompetenzmodell bildet die Basis für eine zielgerichtete, effektive und evaluierbare Umsetzung der Gestaltung von Websites in der Schule und die Grundlage für weiterführende empirische Arbeiten. Wie ist die Arbeit aufgebaut? Im ersten Kapitel der Arbeit wird die Entwicklung der technischen und strukturellen Formate geschildert, welche die Grundlage des Websiteformats bilden. Darauf aufbauend werden seine wichtigsten Eigenschaften beschrieben. Im zweiten Kapitel wird das Websiteformat von anderen kommunikativen Formaten abgegrenzt und mit Hilfe der besonderen Charakteristika, die es besitzt, sein überwältigender Erfolg erklärt. Im dritten Kapitel wird unter Rückgriff auf Ergebnisse der Leseforschung und empirische Untersuchungen zum Lesen im World Wide Web erarbeitet, welchen Einfluss das Websiteformat auf das Lesen von Texten hat und welche Unterschiede es zum Lesen von Texten in anderen kommunikativen Formaten gibt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein Bewertungs- und Analyseraster für die Lesbarkeit von Texten im Websiteformat entwickelt. Im vierten Kapitel wird auf der Grundlage verschiedener Modelle des Schreibprozesses dargestellt, was das Schreiben für das Websiteformat vom Schreiben für andere Formate unterscheidet, was dabei besonders beachtet werden muss und welche Entwicklungen für die Zukunft zu erwarten sind. Dabei werden, unter Berücksichtigung des in Kapitel drei erarbeiteten Bewertungs- und Analyserasters, Hinweise für eine sinnvolle Vorgehensweise bei der Gestaltung von Websites gegeben. Im fünften Kapitel wird vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen bildungspolitischen Diskussion ein Kompetenzmodell für die Gestaltung von Websites entwickelt, das als Basis für die Festlegung von Bildungsstandards und die Beschreibung der Rahmenbedingungen dient, unter denen diese in der Schule verwirklicht werden können. In einer abschließenden Diskussion werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse nochmals herausgearbeitet und es wird auf Perspektiven für zukünftige sprachwissenschaftliche und sprachdidaktische Forschungsvorhaben hingewiesen.",
"What is this dissertation about? This is a dissertation about websites. It analyses how websites are read, how they are written and most importantly how this should be learned. Based on this analysis, it shows ways to integrate web-design in the school-curriculum. Because this dissertation covers the subjects of reading, writing and learning, it contains a wide range of aspects of linguistics as well as didactics."
] | ddc:400 | [
"World Wide Web",
"Lesekompetenz",
"Lesen",
"Schreiben",
"Kompetenztheorie",
"Bildungsstandard"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11483 | Il multilinguismo all’Unione Europea ed optione del latino | deu | doc-type:report | [
"1.Vermehrung der Sprachhürden in einer Union, die mit dem Zweck, alle Menschen trennende Hürden abzuschaffen, gegründet ist, als unerwünschtes Paradox. 2.Die durch diese Tatsache bestimmte Notwendigkeit einer für internationalen Umgang zu verwendenden Sprache. 3.Unannehmbarkeit der Verwendung jedweder heute gebräuchlichen Nationalsprache als Mittels des internationalen Umgangs in demokratischer Gesellschaft (Unbilliges Vorrecht). 4.Unannehmbarkeit der Verwendung jedweder künstlichen Sprache als eines Internationalumgangs-Mittels in Gesellschaft, die früher eine traditions- und wirkungsreiche allgemeine Sprache besaß (Kultur-historische Vergesslichkeit). 5.Latein als diese allgemeine Sprache. 6.Ursachen der Langlebigkeit des Lateins im nachantiken Europa: a) äußere: Latein als Sprache des antiken Erbes und der kirchlichen Tradition); b) innere: Latein als Schöpfung des hellenischen Geistes außer Hellas. 7.Ursachen des Verfalls der Latinität im neueren Europa: a) soziale: Kulturelle Gleichmachung); b) ästhetische: Romantisch-dekadente Neigung zum Unstetigen, Unbestimmten und Zweideutigen. 8.Was soll man heute machen, um das neue Leben dem Latein einzuflößen? – Linguistische Bemühungen (Verfassen und Publizieren der so oder so mit Lateinkenntnis verknüpften Forschungswerke und Lehrmittel in lateinischer Sprache, um damit dem Lateinstudieren ein praktisches Interesse zu geben, sowie Vorbereitung einer möglichst offenen und breiten Diskussion über das Internationalsprache-Problem) mit der ästhetisch- kulturellen Erklärung vereinen.",
"1.Moltiplicazione delle barriere linguistiche all’unione creata per abolire barriere fra gl’uomini come paradosso indesiderabile. 2.Sorgente da qui necessità di una certa lingua della comunicazione internazionale. 3.Scorrettezza del’utilizazzione in società democratica di qualsiasi lingua nazionale contemporanea in qualità di lingua internazionale (privilegio ingiusto). 4.Scorrettezza della lingua artificiale in società che già aveva sua lingua comune del tutto efficace (dimenticanza storico-culturale). 5.Latino come questa linqua un tempo comune. 6.Cause di vitalità della lingua latina in Europa dopo l’antichità: a) esterne (latino come lingua del’eredità antica e della tradizione ecclesiastica) ed b) interne (latino come creazione del spirito ellenico fuori Ellade). 7.Cause di caduta della latinità in Europa moderna: a) sociali (egualitarizazzione della cultura) ed b) estetiche (gusto romantico-decadentistico al instabile, indefinito ed ambiguo). 8. Che cosa bisogna fare oggi affinchè dare nuova vita alla latinità? – collegare sforze linguistiche ed illuminismo estetico-culturale. FREIE SCHLAGWÖRTER in Italienisch: Lingua latina, Latino vivo, Linguistica sociale, Politica culturale, UE"
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133113035",
"bllo:bll-197234038",
"bllo:bll-398942803",
"bllo:bll-133070670",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Latin",
"Latein"
],
[
"Life",
"Leben"
],
[
"Creation",
"Schöpfung"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italienisch"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11560 | Zürcher Sprachsituation mit Solothurner Muttersprache | deu | doc-type:report | [
"Man kann die Menschheit in zwei Gruppen teilen: in solche, die sich an fremden Orten verbal anschmiegen und die lokale Sprache in sich aufnehmen als wäre es schon immer die eigene gewesen und solche, die ihre Sprache an einem fremden Ort beibehalten und sich kaum merklich oder gar nicht von ihrer neuen Umgebung sprachlich beeinflussen lassen. Daher fällt einem meist auf, ob jemand beispielsweise in Solothurn seinen Berner, Basler oder Thurgauer Dialekt beibehalten hat, oder aber man beobachtet – vielleicht sodann mit einer gewissen Skepsis –, dass ein zugezogener Mensch das Solothurnische langsam annimmt und seinen eigenen Dialekt nach und nach zu verlernen scheint. ..."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Mundart",
"Solothurn",
"Dialekt"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11562 | Intimität und Geschlecht : zur Syntax und Pragmatik der Anrede im Liebesbrief des 20. Jahrhunderts | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The traditional dichotomy between the public and the private (and so far the intimate) lacks a distinct conceptual foundation. Nevertheless, addressing in love letters seems a crucial place for codes of intimacy. The analysis of addressing shows not only its ritual character but also different gender performances it implies. The forms of addressing follow gendered selections according to the variety and the amount of intimate names. Male gendering shows less variety and fewer intimate names than female gendering. This has been changing in the last three decades. Male gender perfomance is approaching the female. This makes clear that apparently general codification features are not only influenced by historical changes but are also following gender performances.",
"Die Trennung der Lebenswelt in Privatsphäre und Öffentlichkeit käme der Verortung von Intimität entgegen. Es scheint aber, als ob Intimität nicht einem klar abgegrenzten Bereich zugeordnet werden kann, sondern nunmehr als relationale Kategorie zu fassen ist. Gerade der historische Vergleich (Vgl. CORBIN 1992) erlaubt weder einheitlich räumliche oder körperliche noch ästhetische Kriterien zur Abgrenzung von Intimität. ..."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Syntax",
"Pragmatik",
"Geschlecht",
"Liebesbrief"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133072851",
"bllo:bll-133073416",
"bllo:Male"
] | [
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Gender",
"Genus"
],
[
"Male (Ethiopia)",
"Male"
]
] | [
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"Ometo",
"bll-133105695",
"bll-133074870",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Ometo",
"Ometo"
],
[
"Omotic languages",
"Omotische Sprachen"
],
[
"Afro-Asiatic languages",
"Afroasiatische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
11565 | Sprache, Subjekt und Identität : Theorie und Praxis sprachlicher Identität am Beispiel von Liebesbriefen aus dem 20. Jahrhundert | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Sprache nimmt eine zentrale Funktion ein bei der Bildung von Identität. Sprachtheoretisch fundierte Handlungstheorien sind ein Hinweis darauf. Eine Auswahl linguistisch relevanter Sprachtheorien des 20. Jahrhunderts wird auf die Frage nach der sprachlichen Identitätsbildung hin untersucht. Dabei etablieren sich neben Sprechhandlungen, Perspektiven und Empathie auch Name, Stimme, Schrift und Körper als zentrale Momente der Identitätsbildung. Gleichzeitig etabliert sich als Kategorie der Identität auch Gender, im sprachlichen Kontext als Genderkategorien und Genderpraxis. Sprachlich und hier im Speziellen schriftsprachliche Genderpraxis wird anhand einzelner herausragender Phänomene für den Liebesbrief im 20. Jahrhundert beobachtet und dargestellt: die Genderpraxis des Verfassertums und seine stilistischen Ausprägungen, die Differenz in Bezug auf Sprachhandlungen in einzelnen Texten, das ausgewählte Auftreten-Lassen des Körpers und die Verwendung von Kosenamen."
] | ddc:300 | [
"Gender",
"Liebesbrief",
"ddc:400",
"ddc:800"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133091562",
"bllo:WritingSystem",
"bllo:Voice",
"bllo:bll-133073416"
] | [
[
"Body",
"Körper"
],
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Voice",
"Stimme"
],
[
"Gender",
"Genus"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ModalityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
""
] |
11579 | "JazzmusikerInnen – weder Asketen noch Müsli-Fifis" : feministische Sprachkritik in der Schweiz ; ein Überblick | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Mit Erstaunen stellen LinguistInnen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz immer wieder fest, dass sich in der \"kleinen\" Schweiz der geschlechtergerechte Sprachgebrauch in Öffentlichkeit und Alltag weit stärker durchgesetzt hat als in den anderen deutschsprachigen Ländern. Diese Einschätzung gilt es hier zu überprüfen und, falls sie zutrifft, zu belegen. Ausserdem werden - als erster Schritt fur weitere Untersuchungen - Thesen formuliert, die Erklärungen liefern, worauf diese Entwicklung zurückgeführt werden kann. Mit diesem Artikel geben wir anband von ausgewählten, konkreten Beispielen einen Einblick in die Situation, wie sie sich zur Zeit in der Schweiz präsentiert. Wir konzentrieren uns - unter sprachsoziologischer Perspektive - auf eine erste Bestandesaufnahme mit dem Blick auf die Diskussion in den Medien, die Institutionalisierung und die Einstellungen, die die spezifische sprachliche Situation in der Deutschschweiz prägen. Einen Rahmen fur unsere Untersuchung bilden die Überlegungen von Schräpel (SCHRÄPEL 1986), die die Auseinandersetzung um nichtsexistische Sprache als ein besonderes Sprachwandelphänomen untersucht. Sprachwandel im Vollzug ist einerseits einfacher zu erfassen als einer, der weiter zurückliegt, andererseits erschwert die Fülle des greifbaren Materials auch den Durchblick und das klare Erkennen von Tendenzen. Aus diesem Grund werten wir unser Datenmaterial nicht quantitativ aus, sondern konzentrieren uns darauf, für verschiedene Aspekte typische Beispiele zu geben und so den Stand der öffentlichen Diskussion und die Breite der vertretenen Meinungen darzustellen. Es wäre verlockend, das hier vorliegende Material auch allgemeinerer Form unter der Thematik \"Sprachkritik\" oder \"Einstellungen\" zu analysieren. Dies ist jedoch nicht im Zentrum unserer Fragestellung, weshalb wir bei einigen Beispielen auf entsprechende Untersuchungen (z.B. BLAUBERGS 1980, SCHOENTHAL 1989) verweisen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sprachkritik",
"Schweiz",
"Feministin",
"Deutsch",
"Geschlechtsunterschied",
"Sprache",
"Aufsatzsammlung",
"Deutsches Sprachgebiet",
"Feminismus",
"Feministische Linguistik"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-447457675",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133124533",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Fur",
"Fur"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Material",
"Stoffbezeichnung"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-182318508",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Nilo-Saharan languages",
"Nilosaharanische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11591 | Syntactic-function ambiguities | eng | doc-type:article | [
"An important question in current psycholinguistic research is whether languages are processed in one and the same way or whether there are processing differences between different languages. ..."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
11698 | L'usage des tons flottants dans les langues Bantoues du Gabon | fra | doc-type:report | [
"Dans les langues bantoues du Gabon, tons lexicaux flottants et tons intonatifs permettent d’expliquer trois phénomènes tonals que nous avons voulu passer en revue dans cet article. Dorénavant, il est donné de croire, avec l’élargissement du domaine d’observation des tons intonatifs aux groupes B10, B20 et B30, qu’un certain nombre de problèmes tonals considérés hier encore comme insolubles ou relevant de types ou de cas tonals, trouvent des solutions ou des analyses satisfaisantes. Déjà, la découverte des tons intonatifs en myènènkomi (B11e) et en tsogo (B31) permet aujourd’hui de proposer une description pour le moins correcte de la tonalité de ces deux langues."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11702 | Les tons phonologiques des langues Bantoues du Gabon | fra | doc-type:workingPaper | [
"Ce texte s’est voulu une brève présentation des tons phonologiques qu’on rencontre dans les langues bantoues parlées au Gabon. L’élément nouveau ici par rapport à ce que l’on sait de l'analyse de la tonalité des langues bantoues en général, c’est la prise en compte de l'intonation dans l'explication de certaines modifications tonales du niveau lexical dont les tons lexicaux (fixes ou flottants) ne peuvent pas rendre compte."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
11705 | Presénce de cognats de Bantouismes Cubains dans le vili parlé au Gabon | fra | doc-type:report | [
"La présente étude est parvenue à identifier une vingtaine de bantouismes dans le LG et moins d'une dizaine de candidats à bantouismes (six au total), grâce aux cognats et aux candidats à cognats vili que nous avons pu établir. Ce faisant, elle a falsifié le point de vue dominant dans la littérature d'une origine restreinte à trois langues (le kikongo, le kimbundu et l'umbundu) de tous les bantouismes et candidats à bantouismes latino-américains connus à ce jour. La suite du travail est déjà en vue qui consiste à étendre aux autres langues bantoues du Gabon des zones A et B la recherche des mots apparentés aux termes du LG, ce qui assurément ne pourra que rallonger la liste des bantouismes présents dans le LG."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:Vili",
"bllo:bll-449778304"
] | [
[
"Vili",
"Vili"
],
[
"Kimbundu",
"Kimbundu"
]
] | [
[
"ZoneH",
"bll-133080188",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"ZoneH",
"bll-133080188",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Zone H",
"Zone H"
],
[
"Bantu languages",
"Bantusprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Zone H",
"Zone H"
],
[
"Bantu languages",
"Bantusprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
11708 | Faiblesse des données et faiblesse analytique | fra | doc-type:report | [
"En dernière analyse, la grande faiblesse des livres comme ceux de Mouguiama-Daouda et d'autres linguistes gabonais qui ont choisi de publier des ouvrages généraux sur les langues bantoues du Gabon, c'est de manquer de documents descriptifs (synchroniques ou diachroniques) sur lesquelles ils peuvent asseoir raisonnablement leurs hypothèses et leurs argumentations. Ceci montre, par conséquent, combien de fois il est nécessaire de commencer d'abord par décrire les langues que l'on veut étudier, avant d'envisager une quelconque autre étude linguistique sur elles."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
11714 | Classification revisitee des langues Bantoues du Gabon | fra | doc-type:report | [
"La présente étude revisite la liste des langues bantoues du Gabon contenues dans la classification des langues bantoues de Guthrie (1967 - 1971), en y ajoutant une nouvelle langue, des nouveaux dialectes, et pour la première fois des sous dialectes. Prenant en compte les acquis des classifications antérieures des langues bantoues du Gabon, elle revient sur les propositions de codification de Maho (2003,2006 et 2007) visant à ajouter des nouvelles langues et de nouveaux dialectes dans la liste de Guthrie sans remettre en question le système de codification établi par ce dernier. Des nouvelles propositions sont formulées ici qui réanalysent ou réaménagent les modèles de codification avancés par cet auteur, tout en se portant en faux contre une sacralisation inavouée de la classification de Guthrie qui viserait à mettre ses propositions d’indexation des langues bantoues à l’abris de toute modification ou réaménagement. Enfin, la présente classification revient sur un certain nombre de dénominations et de problèmes orthographiques des noms de langues relevées dans les anciennes classifications, pour proposer des corrections qui tiennent comptent soit du bon sens, soit du point de vue des locuteurs ou des conventions de notation des langues bantoues arrêtées par les linguistes de l’Ecole de Tervuren."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
11716 | La tonalité des substantifs du Wumvu de Malinga | fra | doc-type:report | [
"On est parti ici du constat qu’il était impossible à Blanchon de poser les réflexes réels des schèmes tonals des thèmes nominaux du proto-bantou en wumvu de Malinga, à partir du moment où il s’interdisait, sur le plan méthodologique, d’observer le principe d’identité des niveaux de correspondance entre le proto-bantou et le wumvu de Malinga, c’est-à-dire niveau structurel proto-bantou égale niveau structurel wumvu. Nous nous sommes donc attelé dans la section 1 de cette étude à fixer la structure mélodique et tonale des substantifs du wumvu de Malinga, avant de donner les correspondances tonales entre les deux langues à la section 4. Il nous a paru également vicieux de la part de l’auteur d’avancer une explication, fûtelle historique, sur les faits de tonalité observés dans cette langue, dès lors qu’on ne possédait aucune étude quelconque sur la tonalité de cette dernière. Nous avons donc consacré la section 2 de ce travail à l étude des différents processus tonals relevés dans les substantifs du wumvu de Malinga. Dans la section 3, nous avons été amené à mettre en évidence l’incidence de l’accent dans le traitement de la tonalité de cette langue bantoue du Gabon, montrant par là les limites de l’hypothèse explicative de Blanchon. Enfin, en terme de perspective, on ne peut qu’appeler à la réalisation d’une description complète du wumvu de Malinga, afin que son étude historique ne soit que meilleure."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
11718 | Les segments latents dans les langues Bantoues du Gabon | fra | doc-type:report | [
"Depuis quelques mois, nous avons rassemblé et dépouillé au GRELACO (Groupe de Recherche en Langues et Cultures Orales) un ensemble relativement important de données inédites ou non sur les segments latents (appelés aussi segments flottants) dans les langues bantoues du Gabon. Le présent article se propose donc de faire le point sur ce que nous savons aujourd’hui de ces segments latents dans les langues bantoues du Gabon."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-211847321",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Noon",
"Non"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"bll-207909202",
"NorthernAtlantic",
"bll-440108578",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Cangin",
"Cangin"
],
[
"Northern Atlantic",
"Nordatlantisch"
],
[
"Atlantic languages",
"Atlantische Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11719 | La nasalisation en Fang-mekè | fra | doc-type:report | [
"Le fang-mekè qui appartient au groupe linguistique (A75) est parlé dans les provinces de l’Estuaire (Libreville, Kango, et rive gauche de l’Estuaire),du Moyen-Ogooué (Lambaréné, Ndjolé), de l’Ogooué-Ivindo (Makokou) et du Woleu-Ntem (Mitzic). Le seul travail connu à ce jour sur cette langue à été réalisé par Nzang Obame (2004). Il s’agit d’un mémoire de maîtrise à orientation linéaire, portant sur la description phonologique du fang-mekè parlé au quartier Lalala de Libreville et dont le foyer d’origine est situé à la rive gauche de l’Estuaire. On comprendra donc que pour la réalisation de la présente étude portant sur la nasalisation en fang-mekè, nous nous appuyons uniquement sur le travail de Nzang Obame."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
11726 | Considering a lexicographic plan for Gabon within the Gabonese language landscape | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This article raises a number of questions that should be dealt with in drawing up a lexicographic plan for Gabon. For which of the Gabonese languages should lexicographic units be established? This question entrains the issue of inventorying the Gabonese languages and their standardization as well as the issue of language planning for Gabon. What is the status of those foreign languages widely spoken in Gabon? What about French? Should Gabon keep importing its French dictionaries from France, or should the Gabonese compile their own French dictionaries, including French words and expressions exclusively used in Gabon? Finally, after trying to answer these questions, a number of suggestions are made for the establishment of a lexicographic plan for Gabon."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11728 | Vowel duration issue in Civili | eng | doc-type:report | [
"The main goal of this article is to define the problem of vowel duration in Civili (H12a). It shows that the so-called Civili vowel-length desperately needs to be re-examined, because previous works on the sound system of this language hardly explain a number of phonological phenomena, such as vowel lengthening, on the basis of data at hand. Demonstrating the problem in question, the author first reviews previous works that all identify a vowel lengthening in Civili. From different analyses the complexity of the phenomenon is found out by observing differences from an analysis to another, and by regarding difficulties the different phonologists came up against. Then, the problem is also seen through the weakness of each analysis results. This eventually shows more aspects of the vowel duration issue, and leads the author to make a clear distinction between vowel length and vowel lengthening that can be all regarded as only vowel duration. Finally, the article shares a possible way for a solution through an experimental approach of the Civili sound system."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Complexity",
"bllo:bll-133072959",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133072975",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-13312777X"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Complexity",
"Komplexität"
],
[
"Vowel",
"Vokal"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Vowel length",
"Vokallänge"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Vowel lengthening",
"Vokaldehnung"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"Segment",
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LengthFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133072991",
"bll-133074889",
"PhonologicalProcess",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Speech sound",
"Sprachlaut"
],
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Length feature",
"Quantität"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Vowel alternation",
"Vokalwechsel"
],
[
"Phoneme alternation",
"Phonemwechsel"
],
[
"Phonological process",
"Phonologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
11730 | Politique linguistique et education au Gabon ; un etat des lieux | fra | doc-type:report | [
"De nombreux auteurs ont plaidé aussi bien pour une intégration des langues locales gabonaises dans le système éducatif que pour une éducation multilingue au Gabon. Cependant, la politique linguistique du Gabon, quasiment inexistante, et son corollaire dans l’enseignement ne font aucune mention de ces langues locales, dites langues maternelles, reléguées aux activités religieuses et ethno-culturelles. Le but de cet article est de faire l’état des lieux de la politique linguistique dans le système éducatif gabonais. Il analyse successivement (i) la politique linguistique du Gabon, (ii) le paysage linguistique gabonais et (iii) le statut des langues de ce paysage dans le système éducatif. La présente communication suggère fortement la mise en place d’une planification linguistique qui va déterminer à la fois la politique linguistique et l’usage des langues dans le système éducatif."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:Font",
"bllo:bll-13307904X",
"bllo:bll-133078108"
] | [
[
"Font",
"Satzschrift"
],
[
"Communication",
"Kommunikation"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
]
] | [
[
"TypographicCategory",
"GraphemicPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Typographic category",
"Typographische Kategorie"
],
[
"Graphemic phenomenon",
"Graphemisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"GraphemicPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11733 | English in french-speaking african countries: the case of Gabon | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"A number of historically French-speaking countries have adopted English as second or one of the official languages. This does not only pose a problem of multilingualism at State level as well as at social level, but it also questions the actual status of English as a language at both levels. In fact, English does not only have to compete with French, but also with native African languages. This article gives an insight into the status of English in Gabon – a French-speaking country in western central Africa. Gabon has not (yet) adopted English as one of the official languages, but the status of the language needs to be investigated from a sociolinguistic perspective. The paper retraced the story of English in Gabon by outlining three periods of contact between the English language and the populations of Gabon. The presence of English throughout the three periods is then linguistically attested through an empirical study of English loanwords in the general vocabulary of Gabonese native languages. The second topic that the article covers is the contemporary situation of the language in the country whose policy refers to it as foreign language. Meanwhile, the influence of the American lifestyle and music, the education system and the elites that were educated in English-speaking countries produce a different social view on the language. This growing social status may signal prominent new developments in the future. This leads the author to set perspectives of the language as it is spoken in Gabon."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133099377",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-133084698",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133101827"
] | [
[
"Future",
"Futur"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"State",
"Zustandsbezeichnung"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Music",
"Musik"
]
] | [
[
"TenseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Tense feature",
"Tempus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11736 | Synopsis articles in the planning of a trilingual dictionary ; Yilumbu–French–English | eng | doc-type:article | [
"A distinction is often drawn between single articles and synopsis articles. A single article is the so-called default article. It does not deviate from the traditional microstructural approach of the dictionary because it presents the minimum data for each lemma sign treated, while a synopsis article gives additional data for each treated lemma. The classical conception of the synopsis article originates with Bergenholtz, Tarp and Wiegand (1999). In their view, synopsis articles which were devised for language for special purposes (LSP) dictionaries have to make provision for the treatment of lemma signs functioning as superordinate terms (general lemmata or topics) as well as their hyponyms. The aim of this article is to present a new lexicographic approach to the study of synopsis articles against the background of a planned trilingual dictionary. It will be shown that synopsis articles have a more general use than its restricted application in LSP dictionaries. In fact, the focus will not be on the treatment of technical or scientific vocabulary but rather on cultural terms. This article also raises among other things, questions about the purpose of the planned dictionary, its target users, different types of microstructures as well as different data categories to be included in synopsis articles.",
"Une distinction est souvent faite entre articles simples et articles synopsis. L'article simple est encore connu sous la dénomination d'article par défaut. Il ne dévie pas de l'approche microstructurelle traditionnelle du dictionnaire parce qu'il présente le minimum pour chaque lemme traité, alors qu'un article synopsis offre des données additives pour chaque lemme traité. La conception classique d'article synopsis est de Bergenholtz, Tarp et Wiegand (1999). De leur point de vue pour les articles synopsis qui ont été conçus pour des dictionnaires de langue de spécialité (LSP), des dispositions doivent être prises pour le traitement de signeslemmes fonctionnant comme termes superordonnés (lemmes généraux ou thèmes) ainsi que leurs hyponymes. L'objectif de cet article est de présenter une approche lexicographique nouvelle pour l'étude des articles synopsis avec en toile de fond un dictionnaire trilingue en proposition. Il sera montré que les articles synopsis ont un usage plus large que leur application limitée aux dictionnaires LSP. En effet, le centre d'intérêt portera non pas sur le traitement des termes du vocabulaire 182 P.A. Mavoungou technique ou scientifique mais plutôt sur des termes culturels. Cet article soulève également entre autres choses des interrogations quant à la visée du dictionnaire proposé, ses utilisateurs cibles, les différents types de microstructures ainsi que les différentes catégories de données à inclure pour chaque article synopsis."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-211847321",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:bll-133075095",
"bllo:Dictionary"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"Noon",
"Non"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Lemmata",
"Einzelsprachliche Elemente"
],
[
"Dictionary",
"Wörterbuch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-207909202",
"NorthernAtlantic",
"bll-440108578",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Cangin",
"Cangin"
],
[
"Northern Atlantic",
"Nordatlantisch"
],
[
"Atlantic languages",
"Atlantische Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
11738 | The reproduction of cultural aspects in dictionaries in French and the Gabonese languages | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The reproduction of culture in dictionaries constitutes one of the fundamental prob-lems of lexicographers today. What is the nature of cultural data in dictionaries? To what extent should cultural aspects be transferred from one language to another? How should this transfer take place? This article attempts to discuss the relevance of the reproduction of Gabonese cultural aspects in dictionaries in French and the Gabonese languages. One of the main problems the compilers of these dictionaries encountered was the transfer and the translation of some cultural aspects. In order to discuss the nature and extent of cultural information in Gabonese dictionaries, this article will restrict itself to the following points: — The translation of different realities — The role of culture in the change of meaning — Dictionaries and cultural activities — Dictionaries and cultural ethics — Dictionaries and language registers — Dictionaries and culture maintenance — Dictionaries and the standardization of culture Prior to a discussion of the above-mentioned points, a brief description of the dictionaries investi-gated will be given. After a description of the influence of cultural contexts on lexicographers in the choice of macrostructural elements and their treatment, cultural differences between source and target languages in the dictionaries of Gabonese languages are discussed. The article concludes with the observation that the majority of existing lexicographic works tend to survey the full vocabulary of the language. The lexicographic treatment of some words is satisfactory because an account of the underlying worldview of the people is given. For example, in this article, the fol-lowing themes are considered: dietary practices, sexuality, mythology, traditional pharmacopoeia, the kinship system, hospitality, and respect for traditional authority and elders. However, to be used in the most efficient way, these lexicographic publications need to be revised."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307367X",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:bll-195092619",
"bllo:bll-341091448",
"bllo:bll-13312245X"
] | [
[
"Vocabulary",
"Wortschatz"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Authority",
"Autorität"
],
[
"Culture",
"Kultur"
],
[
"Sexuality",
"Sexualität"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11741 | Macro- and microstructural issues in Mazuna lexicography | eng | doc-type:article | [
"All the works in Mazuna lexicography have a common denominator: they are translation dictionaries biased towards French and were compiled by Catholic and Protestant missionaries or colonial administrators. These dictionaries have both strong and weak points. The macrostructure although it does not display features of sophistication, i.e. the use of niching and nesting procedures, tends to survey the full lexicon of the language which make these dictionaries real reservoirs of knowledge. The microstructure contains a lot of useful entries. However, no metalexicographic discussion is provided in the user's guide to make it accessible to the target reader. There are also some shortcomings especially in the areas of suprasegmental phonology (absence of tonal indications) and orthography.",
"Tous les travaux en lexicographie Mazuna ont un dénominateur commun: ce sont des dictionnaires de traduction centrés sur le français et compilés par les missionnaires catholiques et protestants ou les administrateurs coloniaux. Ces dictionnaires ont à la fois des avantages et des inconvénients. Bien que ne présentant pas de caractéristiques de sophistication, par exemple l'usage de procédures de nichification et de nidification, la macrostructure tend à donner une vue d'ensemble du lexique de la langue, ce qui fait de ces dictionnaires de véritables réservoirs de connaissance. La microstructure contient de nombreuses entrées utiles. Mais aucune discussion métalexicographique n'est présentée dans le guide aux usagers pour les leurs rendre accessible. Il y a également des manquements, spécialement dans le domaine de la phonologie suprasegmentale (absence d'indications tonales) et de l'orthographe."
] | ddc:490 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-197692737",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-275010589",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133073688",
"bllo:bll-133072851"
] | [
[
"Knowledge",
"Wissen"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Translation",
"Übersetzen"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Lexicography",
"Lexikographie"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
11745 | Lexicography in Gabon : a survey | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper traces the historical development of lexicography in Gabon. Gabon, like most African countries, is multilingual. The recent inventories of languages spoken in Gabon are those established by Jacquot (1978) and Kwenzi-Mikala (1998). According to Kwenzi-Mikala (1997), there are 62 speech forms divided into 10 language groups or language-units in Gabon. These speech forms co-exist with French, the official language. In fact, in article 2 of paragraph 8 of the revised Constitution of 1994 the following can be read: \"The Gabonese Republic adopts French as the official language. Furthermore, she endeavours to protect and promote the national languages.\" This constitutional arrangement naturally makes French the language used in education, administration and the media. The survey of lexicography in Gabon that is presented here includes the linguistic situation in and the language policy of Gabon, the lexicographic survey itself, as well as the lexicographic needs of the different speech forms (including languages and dialects). Initially, the pioneers of Gabonese lexicography were missionaries or colonial administrators. Very little was done in this field by the Gabonese themselves. Although credit is to be given to these early works, there are a number of shortcomings regarding the linguistic as well as the metalexicographic contents of dictionaries and lexicons produced during this period. In fact, the main weak point of those studies was the lack of tones in the written transcription of oral productions and orthographic problems. Furthermore, in those contributions, the theory of lexicography is largely unknown and lexico-graphic works are hardly ever based on authentic data corpora of the languages being described.",
"Le présent article retrace l'histoire de la discipline lexicographique au Gabon. Comme la plupart des pays africains, le Gabon est un état multilingue. Les classifications établient par Jacquot (1978) et Kwenzi-Mikala (1998) sont souvent citées comme les travaux d'inventaire les plus récents sur les parlers gabonais. Selon Kwenzi-Mikala (1997), le Gabon compte 62 parlers reparties en 10 unités-langues. Les dits parlers cohabitent avec le français qui faut-il le rappeler jouit d'un statut particulier. En effet, à l'article 2 du paragraphe 8 de la Loi fondamentale révisée de 1994, on peut lire ceci: «La République gabonaise adopte le français comme langue officielle. En outre, elle s'engage à protéger et à promovoir les langues nationales». Cette disposition constitutionnelle fait naturellement du français le véhicule et la matière de l'instruction, la langue de l'administration et celle des médias. L'état des lieux de la lexicographie au Gabon présenté ici prend en compte la situation et la politique linguistique au Gabon, l'état des connaissances lexicographiques à proprement parler ainsi que les besions lexicographiques des différents parlers au regard de ce qui existe déjà. Les premiers travaux à caractère lexicographique ont été réalisés essentiellement par les missionnaires et les administrateurs coloniaux. Très peu de gabonais étaient engagés dans la confection des dictionnaires et lexiques à cette époque pionnière. Enfin, il convient de souligner que le principal talon d'Achille de ces travaux de la première heure est à la fois linguistique et métalexicographi-que. En effet, la majorité de ces travaux ne prennent pas en compte le système tonal des parlers décrits et s'inscrivent rarement dans un cadre théorique défini. Enfin, ils souffrent de nombreuses insuffisances orthographiques et sont rarement basés sur des corpus linguistiques."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133073297",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Multilingual",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133073408",
"bllo:bll-133073688"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"Transcription",
"Transkription"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Multilingual",
"Mehrsprachig"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Number",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Lexicography",
"Lexikographie"
]
] | [
[
"WritingSystem",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LingualityTypeFeature",
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
]
] | [
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
] |
11764 | On issues of labelling in the dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé : a case-study | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Dictionaries contain lexicographic data whose occurrence is restricted to certain geo-graphical areas, subject fields, professions, etc. It is part of the duties of the lexicographer to give an account of such deviations to ensure a successful retrieval of the information on the part of the user. This contribution presents a discussion on labelling issues in the Dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé. Although the main focus is on the presentation of different types of labelling as well as problems in labelling, textual condensation procedures and mediostructural representations (to-gether with some aspects of the user perspective) are also critically evaluated. It is shown that these procedures reveal some inconsistencies which are not accounted for in the outer texts (front matter and back matter texts) of the dictionary. Finally suggestions are made for the improvement of the access structure of this dictionary.",
"Les dictionnaires contiennent des données lexico-graphiques dont l'occurrence est restreinte à une région géographique donnée, un champ de con-naissance, une profession, etc. Il est du devoir du lexicographe de prendre en compte ces dévia-tions afin d'assurer un transfert d'information positif au niveau de l'utilisateur. La présente contri-bution présent une discussion sur les problèmes d'étiquetage dans le Dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé. Bien que le principal centre d'intérêt se situe au niveau de la présentation des différentes catégories d'étiquettes ainsi que les problèmes d'étiquetage, les procédés de condensation textuelles et les représentations mediostructurelles (accompagnées de quelques aspects relatifs aux utilisateurs du dictionnaire) sont également critiquement évalués. Il est démontré que ces procédés révèlent quel-ques inconsistances qui ne sont pas rendues au niveau des textes externes (prétextes et posttextes) du dictionnaire. Finalement, des suggestions sont faites dans le sens de l'amélioration de la struc-ture d'accès de ce dictionnaire."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Dictionary",
"bllo:bll-133124703",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:Focus"
] | [
[
"Dictionary",
"Wörterbuch"
],
[
"Subject",
"Subjekt"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
] |
11767 | A trilingual dictionary Yilumbu–French–English : an ongoing project | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this article, an account is given of the planning of a trilingual dictionary Yilumbu– French–English. The focus is on the target user, the purpose, nature and typology of the planned dictionary. Attention is also paid to some macro- and microstructural issues. For example, all types of lexical items, including multiword lexical items, are given lemma status. Moreover all items are included according to the word tradition and on account of their usage frequency in the corpus. Apart from these aspects, types of dialectal forms as well as the type of special-field lexical items are also discussed. From a microstructural point of view, this article investigates different kinds of data types to be considered for inclusion in complex articles in particular. User-friendliness parameters and innovative access structure procedures also come into play.",
"Cet article rend compte de la planification d'un dictionnaire trilingue yilumbu–français– anglais. Le centre d'intérêt réside au niveau du public cible, l'objectif, la nature et la typologie du dictionnaire proposé. Une attention est aussi accordée à quelques problèmes macro- et microstructurels. Par exemple, tous les types d'items lexicaux, y compris les items lexicaux formés de plusieurs mots, reçoivent le statut de lemme. En outre, tous les termes sont inclus selon la tradition dumot et sur la base de leur fréquence d'emploi dans le corpus. Hormis ces aspects, les types de formes dialectales ainsi que le type d'items lexicaux de spécialité sont également discutés. D'un point de vue microstructurel, cet article explore différents types de données à considérer pour inclusion dans les articles complexes en particulier. Les paramètres de clarté et de lisibilité ainsi que des procédés propre à la structure d'accès sont également pris en compte."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Focus",
"bllo:Dictionary",
"bllo:AccessTypeFeature",
"bllo:bll-133104133"
] | [
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Focus",
"Fokus"
],
[
"Dictionary",
"Wörterbuch"
],
[
"Access",
"Zugriff"
],
[
"Frequency",
"Häufigkeitsbezeichnung"
]
] | [
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"PragmaticUnit",
"DiscoursePhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LanguageResourceFeature",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Pragmatic unit",
"Pragmatische Einheit"
],
[
"Discourse phenomenon",
"Diskursphänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"DiscoursePhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11797 | Subjektive Krankheitstheorien im Gespräch | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die interaktive Aushandlung von \"Subjektiven Krankheitstheorien\" (SKT) im Gespräch ist ein bislang wenig untersuchtes Phänomen im Bereich der Arzt/Patient-Interaktion. Hier setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. Die Datengrundlage besteht aus 10 Erstanamnesegesprächen zwischen Patientinnen mit chronischen Gesichtsschmerzen und einem Zahnarzrt sowie 10 von einem medizinischen Laien durchgeführten Interviews. Es werden die Elemente (das \"WAS\"), die Darstellungsformen und -verfahren (das \"WIE\") sowie die Funktionalisierung (das \"WOZU\") von SKT als Wirkzusammenhang beleuchtet. Die häufig postulierte Dysfunktionalität von Patientendarstellungen erscheint so in einem anderem Licht. Ferner zeigt die Analyse von drei Sequenzen, in denen SKT im Arzt/Patient-Gespräch bearbeitet werden, das Misslingen der Abstimmung von Arzt- und Patientkonzept. Eine dieser Sequenzen wird mit dem Interview verglichen, in dem die Patientin im Gespräch mit dem medizinischen Laien relevante Bestandteile ihrer Theorie preisgibt, die sie dem Arzt gegenüber nicht erwähnt. Ursachen dafür lassen sich u.a. invorgängigen institutionellen Erfahrungen vermuten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Subjektive Krankheitstheorien",
"Arzt/Patient-Interaktion",
"Aushandlung",
"chronischer Gesichtsschmerz"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133080692",
"bllo:bll-133072835"
] | [
[
"Light",
"Licht"
],
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
""
] |
11798 | Objektrelativsätze mit haben | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Objektrelativsätze mit dem Vollverb haben sind im gesprochenen Deutsch vergleichsweise häufig. Sie treten als einfache Objekt-Subjekt-Verb-Strukturen auf, z.B. die ich habe, und auch erweitert durch Modalisierungen und/oder Adverbialphrasen etc., z.B. wie in die ick uff de GRUNDschule schon hatte. Um die Differenzen, die sich zwischen den Verwendungen erkennen lassen, zu erfassen, kann eine standardgrammatische Beschreibung allenfalls als Ausgangsbasis dienen. Ein konstruktionsgrammatisches Vorgehen hingegen, bei dem alle linguistischen Ebenen der Sprachbeschreibung berücksichtigt werden, zeigt die Bandbreite von haben-Relativkonstruktionen auf. In Zusammenhang mit den Matrixstrukturen und unter Berücksichtigung der Diskurspragmatik (informationsstrukturelle und konversationelle Dimensionen) lassen sich vier verschiedene Konstruktionen mit haben-Relativsätzen konturieren: eine Präsentativkonstruktion, eine Topikkonstruktion, eine cleftartige Konstruktion und eine Konstruktion mit identifizierenden haben-Relativsätzen.",
"Object relative clauses containing the verb have are comparatively frequent in spoken German. They occur as simple object-subject-verb-structures, e.g. that I have, and as structures expanded by modalizing expressions and/or adverbial phrases etc., like in who I already had in elementary school. A standard grammar description can only hold for a starting point in grasping the differences that become evident in the data. A construction grammar approach, in contrast, taking into account all levels of linguistic description unfolds the scope of have-relative constructions. If we include the matrix structures and discourse pragmatics (information structural and conversational dimensions), four constructions containing a have-relative clause can be distinguished: a presentational construction, a topic construction, a cleft construction and a construction with identifying haverelative clauses."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Relativsatz",
"Relativkonstruktion",
"Construction Grammar",
"Prosodie",
"Diskurspragmatik"
] | [
"bllo:LanguageDescription",
"bllo:bll-133127125",
"bllo:bll-133121895",
"bllo:bll-13311712X",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:CleftConstruction",
"bllo:Clause"
] | [
[
"Language description",
"Sprachbeschreibung"
],
[
"Verb",
"Verb"
],
[
"Scope",
"Scopus"
],
[
"Object",
"Objekt"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Cleft construction",
"Spaltsatzkonstruktion"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SyntacticConstruction",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Unclassified linguistic concept",
"Nichtklassifiziertes linguistisches Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic construction",
"Syntaktische Konstruktion"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"UnclassifiedLinguisticConcept",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11799 | Categories and paradigms : on underspecification in Russian declension | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In morphological systems of the agglutinative type we sometimes encounter a nearly perfect one-to-one relation between form and function. Turkish inflectional morphology is, of course, the standard textbook example. Things seem to be quite different in systems of the flexive type. Declension in Contemporary Standard Russian (henceforth Russian, for short) may be cited as a typical example: We find, among other things, cumulative markers, “synonymous” endings (e.g., dative singular noun forms in -i, -e, or -u), and “homonymous” endings (e.g., -i, genitive, dative, and prepositional singular). True, some endings are more of an agglutinative nature, being bound to a specific case-number combination and applying across declensions, e.g., -am (dative plural, all nouns); and some cross the boundaries of word classes, e.g., -o, which serves as the nominative/accusative singular ending of neuter forms of pronouns (and adjectives) and as the nominative/accusative singular ending of (most) neuter nouns as well. Still, many observers have been struck by the impression that what we face here are rather uneconomic or even, so to speak, unnatural structures. But perhaps flexive systems are not as complicated as they seem. What seems to be uneconomic complexity may be, at least partially, an artifact of uneconomic descriptions."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Russisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133098893",
"bllo:Complexity",
"bllo:Noun",
"bllo:bll-133073629",
"bllo:bll-133100448",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133073394",
"bllo:Even",
"bllo:bll-133087964",
"bllo:bll-133073351",
"bllo:bll-133125157",
"bllo:Plural",
"bllo:bll-133121011"
] | [
[
"Mossi",
"More"
],
[
"Complexity",
"Komplexität"
],
[
"Noun",
"Nomen"
],
[
"Word classes",
"Wortarten"
],
[
"Genitive",
"Genitiv"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Declension",
"Deklination"
],
[
"Even",
"Even"
],
[
"Dative",
"Dativ"
],
[
"Morphology",
"Morphologie"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Türkisch"
],
[
"Plural",
"Plural"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russisch"
]
] | [
[
"Oti-Volta",
"NorthernGur",
"CentralGur",
"bll-133102556",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073386",
"MorphologicalProcess",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133088472",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"CaseFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"OghuzTurkic",
"bll-133088499",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"NumberFeature",
"AgreementFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"EastSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Oti-Volta",
"Oti-Volta"
],
[
"Northern Gur",
"Nord-Gur"
],
[
"Central Gur",
"Zentral-Gur"
],
[
"Gur",
"Gur-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Inflection",
"Flexion"
],
[
"Morphological process",
"Morphologischer Prozess"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Tungus",
"Tungusisch"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Case feature",
"Kasus"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Oghuz Turkic",
"Oghusisch"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turksprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Number feature",
"Numerus"
],
[
"Agreement feature",
"Kongruenz"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"East Slavic",
"Ostslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
11800 | Das Konzept der Inhaltsstruktur : eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Konzept der Mikrostrukturen im Kontext der Modellierung einer lexikografischen Datenbasis | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Wenn man heute neue lexikografische Projekte plant, ist es unerlässlich, sowohl den Computer als Arbeitswerkzeug, als auch das elektronische Medium als Publikationsmedium in die Konzeption einzubeziehen. Dabei ist es oft erwünscht, die einmal erarbeiteten lexikografischen Daten mehrfach zu verwerten, sei es als gedruckte und elektronische Version eines Wörterbuchs, sei es einmal als eine lange und kurze Ausführung eines lexikografischen Produkts oder als eine ausschließlich elektronische, aber benutzeradaptiv unterschiedliche Darstellung der gleichen lexikografischen Daten. (Vgl. u.a. Schryver 2003, Storrer 2001, Engelberg/Lemnitzer 2001, S. 220ff.) Solche Wünsche sind mit den heutigen Möglichkeiten des Computereinsatzes zu erfüllen, doch müssen die lexikografischen Prozesse entsprechend geplant werden. Vor allem die Frage der Strukturierung und Aufbereitung der lexikografischen Daten muss sorgfältig überlegt sein, denn hierbei wird der Grundstein dafür gelegt, wie flexibel auf die Daten zugegriffen werden kann und wie unterschiedlich darstellbar sie sind. Für einen inhaltlich wie gestalterisch möglichst flexiblen Umgang mit lexikografischen Daten ist daher eine bestimmte Form der Datenmodellierung und -auszeichnung erforderlich. Das Stichwort, das in diesem Zusammenhang immer wieder fällt, ist das der medienneutralen Datenhaltung. Doch wie müssen lexikografische Daten ausgezeichnet werden, damit diese Kodierung losgelöst von den Eigenschaften einer bestimmten Präsentation ist? Welche Richtlinien können hier projektübergreifend angewandt werden? Die moderne Wörterbuchforschung gibt darauf noch keine hinreichenden Antworten. Vor allem fehlen klare, theoretisch fundierte und intersubjektiv nachvollziehbare Richtlinien für die maßgeschneiderte Modellierung lexikografischer Daten. Denn oft ist es in lexikografischen Projekten nicht möglich, eine Standard-Modellierung wie die TEI2 oder leXeML3 anzuwenden, da diese kein ausreichend granulares und maßgeschneidertes Modellierungsinventar bieten, um die lexikografischen Daten später sehr flexibel darstellen zu können und verschiedenartige Zugriffsstrukturen zu bieten. Doch auch bei der Entwicklung einer maßgeschneiderten Modellierung ist es wichtig, einen klaren Leitfaden für die Datenmodellierung zu haben, um nicht bei jedem Phänomen neu entscheiden zu müssen, wie die Modellierung aussehen soll. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es daher, ein Konzept vorzustellen, welche Eigenschaften lexikografischer Daten Gegenstand für eine Modellierung einer lexikografischen Datenbasis sein sollen, wie eine solche Modellierung aussehen kann und schließlich auch, welche Folgen diese Art der Modellierung für die lexikografische Praxis hat. Ein wichtiger Teil dieses Konzepts der Inhaltsstrukturen ist dabei auch die Entwicklung und Ausgestaltung einer eigenen Terminologie; auch in Abgrenzung zu Wiegands Konzept der Mikrostrukturen (vgl. Abschnitt 5)."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-13307434X",
"bllo:bll-13311564X",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-313464634",
"bllo:bll-133102203",
"bllo:bll-133101037"
] | [
[
"Middle voice",
"Medium"
],
[
"Modernity",
"Moderne"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Appearance",
"Aussehen"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
],
[
"Concept",
"Konzept"
]
] | [
[
"VoiceFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Voice feature",
"Genus verbi"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11801 | Grammatik des Deutschen im europäischen Vergleich | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"In der Abteilung Grammatik des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim, wird derzeit ein neues Projekt entwickelt, und zwar das einer Grammatik des Deutschen im europäischen Vergleich (GDE). Dieses Projekt fügt sich ein in die kontrastive Tradition des IDS, ist jedoch andererseits auch in vieler Hinsicht innovativ. Bevor ich das Projekt im Einzelnen vorstelle, versuche ich den Bogen zurück zu den kontrastiven Grammatiken zu schlagen. Gerade die Leserschaft polnischer Germanisten braucht an die Tradition kontrastiver Grammatikschreibung sicher nicht eigens erinnert zu werden. Denn diese Tradition, die untrennbar mit dem Namen Ulrich Engel verknüpft ist, ist gerade erst in der neu erschienenen deutsch-polnischen kontrastiven Grammatik kulminiert. Im Bereich der kontrastiven Grammatiken zu Sprachenpaaren, von denen das Deutsche ein Element ist, verfügt das IDS also über eine vergleichsweise reiche Tradition. Am IDS oder in Kooperation mit dem IDS wurden kontrastive Grammatiken zu den Sprachenpaaren Deutsch – Französisch (Zemb 1978), Deutsch – Serbokroatisch , Deutsch – Spanisch (Cartegena/Gauger 1989), Deutsch – Rumänisch (Engel u.a. 1993) erarbeitet. Zum Sprachenpaar Englisch – Deutsch liegt mit Hawkins 1986 eine typologisch-vergleichende Grammatik vor. Die deutsch-polnische kontrastive Grammatik, die unter der Leitung von Ulrich Engel erarbeitet wurde, ist 1999 erscheinen. Abraham 1994 und Glinz 1994 konfrontieren das Deutsche, mit durchaus unterschiedlicher Akzentsetzung, mit mehreren anderen europäischen Sprachen. An der Berliner Humboldt-Universität laufen derzeit die Vorarbeiten zu einer deutsch-russischen kontrastiven Grammatik (Initiative Wolfgang Gladrow und Michail Kotin). Die Aufgabe einer 'Grammatik des Deutschen im europäischen Kontext' ist also hinlänglich vorbereitet."
] | ddc:400 | [
"deutsch",
"polnisch"
] | [
"bllo:bll-133122409",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:Grammar",
"bllo:bll-13307076X",
"bllo:bll-133070557",
"bllo:bll-133070905",
"bllo:bll-133070409"
] | [
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbokroatisch"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Grammar",
"Grammatik"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanisch"
],
[
"French",
"Französisch"
],
[
"Romanian",
"Rumänisch"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
]
] | [
[
"SouthSlavic",
"bll-133122794",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"LanguageDescription",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133070549",
"bll-133096246",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"South Slavic",
"Südslawisch"
],
[
"Slavic languages",
"Slawische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Romance",
"Romanisch"
],
[
"Italic languages",
"Italische Sprachen"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
11802 | Für und wider : fex- 'wer etwas in leicht übertriebener Art liebt, auf etwas versessen ist.' ; Ergänzung zu III <PHIL>, „Semantisches Paradigma“, Teilsynonyme | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Die Monografie befasst sich mit der scherzhaften Wortbildungseinheit -fex 'wer etwas in leicht übertriebener Art liebt, auf etwas versessen ist' (Kunstfex), nachgewiesen seit dem späteren 19. Jahrhundert im deutschen Sprachraum, herausgebildet aus überregional durch literarische Vermittlung bekannt gewordenen regionalsprachlichen (bayerischen und österreichischen) Komposita mit dem Substantiv Fex (Bergfex, Blüemlfex). Die Herkunft von Fex und damit auch von -fex ist bis heute ungesichert. Seit jüngerer Zeit nun wird |fex| in einen bestimmten etymologischen Zusammenhang mit dem lateinischen Suffix -i-fex (zu lateinisch facere 'machen') gebracht. |fex| wird auf das so genannte scherzlateinische Narefex zurückgeführt, das schon früher als Analogiebildung zu lateinischen Wörtern wie artifex und carnifex betrachtet wurde. Ungeachtet dieser problematischen etymologischen Herleitung stehen im Deutschen gebildete Wörter auf -fex (Küchenfex) und aus dem Lateinischen ins Deutsche entlehnte (Pontifex), auch im Deutschen und anderen europäischen Sprachen gebildete Wörter auf -i-fex (Gillifex, Zotifex, Spinifex und Tubifex) im heutigen Deutsch eigentümlich nebeneinander. Semantische Ähnlichkeiten scheinen sich mitunter zu zeigen (Versifex vs. Reimfex). Zunächst konnotative, dann integrative formale Eindeutschungen von Wörtern auf -i-fex verwischen die weitere Unterscheidung beider Gruppen (die Pluralformen Artifexe, Dramatifexe, Hexametrifexe, Pontifexe, Tubifexe und Versifexe vs. Steinfexe statt der Formen auf -i-fices). Es ist denkbar, dass deutende Sprachteilhaber von nur einer Gruppe von Wörtern bei gegebener Fugenvarianz ausgehen - wie sie bei fortschreitender Integration von Lehnkombinemen für deutsche Lehn-Wortbildungsprodukte nachweisbar ist (Bieriothek, Comicothek vs. Donnerthek, Rockthek). Die Arbeit versucht, die Entwicklung der beiden Wortbildungseinheiten -fex und -i-fex im Deutschen darzustellen und einen wortgeschichtlichen, dokumentationsgestützten Überblick über die relevanten Lehnwörter und (Lehn-)Wortbildungsprodukte zu geben. Inhalt: Register. Überblick. 1.-fex und -i-fex, eine Art etymologischer Dublette? 1.1 Lateinische Wörter mit dem Suffix -i-fex. Deutsche Lehnwörter aus dem Lateinischen und Neulateinischen mit dem Segment |ifex|. 1.2 Das Kombinem -i-fex in deutschen (europäischen) Lehn-Wortbildungsprodukten. 1.3 Ungeklärte frühe deutsche Wortbildungsprodukte mit der Sequenz ...fex. 1.4 Fex, Kürzung aus Narefex als „gesunkenem Kulturgut“? „Scherzlateinischer“ Ausgangspunkt Narefex für die Herausbildung des oberdeutschen Lexems Fex und in der Folge der deutschen Wortbildungseinheit -fex ‘wer etwas in leicht übertriebener Art liebt, auf etwas versessen ist’? 1.5 Das Substantiv Fex in oberdeutschen Regionalsprachen. 1.6 -fex- und -i-fex-/|ifex| Wörter. Ihre ‘Übereinstimmungen’. 1.6.1 Zufällige semantische Ähnlichkeit. 1.6.2 Bedingte weitere formale Übereinstimmung. Pluralformen der Sequenz ...fexe. 1.6.3 Mögliche scherzhafte Zusammenbildung. 2. Artikel- und Belegteil für alle Gruppen von Wörtern der Sequenz ...fex (in chronologischer Ordnung). 3. Anmerkungen. 4. Literatur. 5. Quellenverzeichnis. 6. Siglen für die Komponenten der Materialbasis"
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133087697",
"bllo:bll-366640542",
"bllo:bll-133077136",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-13307353X",
"bllo:bll-13312035X",
"bllo:bll-133124754",
"bllo:bll-133072843"
] | [
[
"Time",
"Zeit"
],
[
"Nun",
"Nun"
],
[
"Work",
"Arbeit"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Suffix",
"Suffix"
],
[
"Register",
"Register"
],
[
"Noun",
"Substantiv"
],
[
"Phoneme",
"Segment"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-206064306",
"SouthernBantoid",
"bll-264764609",
"Benue-Congo",
"bll-133076199",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"bll-133073513",
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Grassfields languages",
"Grassfields-Sprachen"
],
[
"Southern Bantoid",
"Süd-Bantoid"
],
[
"Bantoid languages",
"Bantoid-Sprachen"
],
[
"Benue-Congo languages",
"Benue-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Niger-Congo languages",
"Niger-Kongo-Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Affix",
"Affix"
],
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"",
"",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
] |
11803 | Evaluating phonological status : significance of paradigm uniformity vs. prosodic group effects | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"A central concern of linguistic phonetics is to define criteria for determining the phonological status of sounds or sound properties observed in phonetic surface form. Based on acoustic measurements we show that the occurrence of syllabic sonorants vs. schwa-sonorant sequences in German is determined exclusively by segmental and prosodic structure, with no paradigm uniformity effects. We argue that these findings are consistent with a uniform representation of syllabic sonorants as schwa sonorant sequences in the lexicon. The stability of schwa in CVC-suffixes (e.g. the German diminutive suffix -chen), as opposed to its phonetic absence in a segmentally comparable underived context, is argued to be conditioned by the prosodic organisation of such suffixes external to the phonological word of the stem."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133122948",
"bllo:bll-133072576",
"bllo:bll-182989828",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133070158",
"bllo:bll-133090671",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-13307353X",
"bllo:bll-133113639"
] | [
[
"Sonorant",
"Sonorant"
],
[
"Phonetics",
"Phonetik"
],
[
"Phonological word",
"Phonologisches Wort"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
],
[
"Diminutive",
"Diminutiv"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Suffix",
"Suffix"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
]
] | [
[
"MannerFeature",
"ConsonantTypeFeature",
"bll-133072851",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073513",
"bll-133073378",
"MorphologicalCategory",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
"Manner feature",
"Artikulationsmodus"
],
[
"Consonant type feature",
"Konsonantenart"
],
[
"Features",
"Merkmale"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Ambiguously defined concept",
"Mehrdeutig definiertes Konzept"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Affix",
"Affix"
],
[
"Morpheme",
"Morphem"
],
[
"Morphological category",
"Morphologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"AmbiguouslyDefinedConcept",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
11804 | Die thematische Erschließung von Sprachkorpora | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Ziel des Teilprojekts ist die thematische Erschließung der Korpora, um sowohl themenspezifische virtuelle Subkorpora zusammenstellen zu können als auch aufgrund der Analyse sachgebietsbezogener Häufigkeitsverteilungen z.B. Lesarten disambiguieren zu können. Ausgangspunkt ist die Erstellung einer Taxonomie von Sachgebietsthemen. Dies erfolgt in einem semiautomatischen Verfahren, welches die Anwendung von Textmining (Dokumentclustering) und die manuelle Zuordnung von Clustern in eine externen Ontologie beinhaltet. Es wird argumentiert, dass die so gewonnene Taxonomie sowohl intuitiver als auch objektiver ist als bestehende, rein manuelle Ansätze. Sie eignet sich zudem gleichermaßen für manuelle als auch für maschinelle Klassifikation. Für letzteres wird der Naive Bayes'sche Textklassifikator motiviert und für ein klassifiziertes Korpus von knapp zwei Milliarden Wörtern evaluiert."
] | ddc:004 | [
"Internet",
"Taxonomie",
"Deutsch",
"ddc:400",
"ddc:430"
] | [
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:Ontology"
] | [
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Ontology",
"Ontologie"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
] |
11805 | Deutsches Präpositionalattribut und ungarisches Lokalkasus- und Postpositionalattribut | deu | doc-type:report | [
"Für das Präpositionalattribut des Deutschen existieren bei einer Übertragung ins Ungarische vielfältige Übersetzungsvarianten. Die den deutschen Präpositionalphrasen entsprechenden Postpositionalphrasen und kasussuffigierten Nominalphrasen gehen in Attributsfunktion dem Kopf der Nominalphrase in der Regel voran und sind dann in partizipiale oder adjektivische Strukturen einzubetten. Die der deutschen Konstruktion entsprechende Postponierung dieser Attribute gewinnt allerdings in der modernen Standardsprache immer mehr an Raum. Gleichfalls lässt sich in einigen Textsorten eine Ausbreitung des sog. postpositionalen Adjektivs konstatieren. Lassen sich beide Phänomene gegebenenfalls als Symptome eines Nominalstils im Ungarischen werten?"
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133120244",
"bllo:bll-133078418",
"bllo:NounPhrase",
"bllo:bll-133119890"
] | [
[
"Rule",
"Regel"
],
[
"Attribute",
"Attribut"
],
[
"Noun phrase",
"Nominalphrase"
],
[
"Spatial terms",
"Raum"
]
] | [
[
"LinguisticRule",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"MorphologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"SyntacticRole",
"SyntacticFeature",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"Phrase",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Linguistic rule",
"Linguistische Regel"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
],
[
"Morphological phenomenon",
"Morphologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Syntactic role",
"Syntaktische Rolle"
],
[
"Syntactic feature",
"Syntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Phrase",
"Phrase"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"MorphologicalPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11806 | Kontextuelle Variabilität synonymer Relationen | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet lexikalische Ausdrücke näher, die in einer Lesart durch eine synonyme Relation verbunden sind. Im Vordergrund steht die korpusgestützte Untersuchung paradigmatischer Kontextanpassung dieser Relationspaare. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Sinnrelation insbesondere innerhalb einer Lesart kontextuell variieren kann oder spezifiziert wird und wie anhand von Korpusdaten diese variierenden Strukturen lexikologisch erfasst und lexikografisch beschrieben werden können. Diese Beobachtungen entstanden auf der Basis der Wörterbucharbeit im Projekt elexiko und stellen erste Ergebnisse hinsichtlich variabler paradigmatischer Strukturen dar, die auf der Basis eines umfangreichen Korpus, des für lexikografische Zwecke zusammengestellten elexiko-Korpus, gewonnen wurden. Es wird dargestellt, wie Korpusbeobachtungen hinsichtlich synonymer Variabilität im Projekt elexiko lexikografisch umgesetzt werden. Dabei soll verdeutlicht werden, wie man ein Synonymwörterbuch gebrauchsorientierter gestalten kann, wie sich neu gewonnene Korpuserkenntnisse lexikografisch einarbeiten lassen und wie dabei gleichzeitig nach angemessenen Präsentationsformen gesucht werden muss."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:Corpus",
"bllo:bll-133102203"
] | [
[
"Corpus",
"Korpus"
],
[
"Man",
"Mann"
]
] | [
[
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
] |
11808 | Morphological word structure in English and Swedish : the evidence from prosody | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Trubetzkoy's recognition of a delimitative function of phonology, serving to signal boundaries between morphological units, is expressed in terms of alignment constraints in Optimality Theory, where the relevant constraints require specific morphological boundaries to coincide with phonological structure (Trubetzkoy 1936, 1939, McCarthy & Prince 1993). The approach pursued in the present article is to investigate the distribution of phonological boundary signals to gain insight into the criteria underlying morphological analysis. The evidence from English and Swedish suggests that necessary and sufficient conditions for word-internal morphological analysis concern the recognizability of head constituents, which include the rightmost members of compounds and head affixes. The claim is that the stability of word-internal boundary effects in historical perspective cannot in general be sufficiently explained in terms of memorization and imitation of phonological word form. Rather, these effects indicate a morphological parsing mechanism based on the recognition of word-internal head constituents. Head affixes can be shown to contrast systematically with modifying affixes with respect to syntactic function, semantic content, and prosodic properties. That is, head affixes, which cannot be omitted, often lack inherent meaning and have relatively unmarked boundaries, which can be obscured entirely under specific phonological conditions. By contrast, modifying affixes, which can be omitted, consistently have inherent meaning and have stronger boundaries, which resist prosodic fusion in all phonological contexts. While these correlations are hardly specific to English and Swedish it remains to be investigated to which extent they hold cross-linguistically. The observation that some of the constituents identified on the basis of prosodic evidence lack inherent meaning raises the issue of compositionality. I will argue that certain systematic aspects of word meaning cannot be captured with reference to the syntagmatic level, but require reference to the paradigmatic level instead. The assumption is then that there are two dimensions of morphological analysis: syntagmatic analysis, which centers on the criteria for decomposing words in terms of labelled constituents, and paradigmatic analysis, which centers on the criteria for establishing relations among (whole) words in the mental lexicon. While meaning is intrinsically connected with paradigmatic analysis (e.g. base relations, oppositeness) it is not essential to syntagmatic analysis."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133072835",
"bllo:bll-133070409",
"bllo:bll-182989828",
"bllo:bll-195090896",
"bllo:bll-133078108",
"bllo:Word",
"bllo:bll-133105636",
"bllo:bll-133072827",
"bllo:bll-133080102",
"bllo:bll-133113639",
"bllo:bll-133072436",
"bllo:bll-133120139",
"bllo:Distribution",
"bllo:bll-133121836"
] | [
[
"Theory",
"Theorie"
],
[
"English",
"Englisch"
],
[
"Phonological word",
"Phonologisches Wort"
],
[
"Shape",
"Form"
],
[
"Article",
"Artikel"
],
[
"Word",
"Wort"
],
[
"Delimitative",
"Delimitativ"
],
[
"Phonology",
"Phonologie"
],
[
"Optimality theory",
"Optimalitätstheorie"
],
[
"Lexicon",
"Lexikon"
],
[
"Parsing",
"Parsing"
],
[
"Reference",
"Referenz"
],
[
"Distribution",
"Distribution"
],
[
"Swedish",
"Schwedisch"
]
] | [
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalCategory",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133073661",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"LexicalCategory",
"LexicalPhenomenon"
],
[
"AspectFeature",
"MorphosyntacticFeature",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"ResearchTopic",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"PhonologicalTheory",
"TheoreticalFramework",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"LexicalOrConceptualResource",
"LanguageResourceType",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"Annotation",
"OperationOrMethode",
"LanguageResourceInformation"
],
[
"SemanticRelation",
"SemanticPhenomenon"
],
[
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"NorthGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological category",
"Phonologische Kategorie"
],
[
"Phonological phenomenon",
"Phonologisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical field",
"Wortfeld"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Lexical category",
"Lexikalische Kategorie"
],
[
"Lexical phenomenon",
"Lexikalisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Aspect feature",
"Aspekt"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic feature",
"Morphosyntaktisches Merkmal"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Research topic",
"Forschungsthema"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"Phonological theory",
"Phonologische Theorie"
],
[
"Theoretical framework",
"Theoretischer Ansatz"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
""
]
],
[
[
"Semantic relation",
"Semantische Relation"
],
[
"Semantic phenomenon",
"Semantisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"North Germanic",
"Nordgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"",
"LanguageRelatedTerm",
"PhonologicalPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"LexicalPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"LanguageResourceInformation",
"SemanticPhenomenon",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
11809 | Nominalphrasen des Typs "derjenige (N) + Relativsatz" in den europäischen Sprachen | deu | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"Gegenstand der folgenden Überlegungen sind Strukturen, in denen Demonstrativa entweder als Antezedens eines restriktiven Relativsatzes oder als Determinativ eines solchen Antezedens auftreten. In solchen Strukturen hat das Demonstrativum weder eine deiktische noch eine anaphorische Bedeutung und damit keine der für Demonstrativa zentralen Funktionen. Aus sprachvergleichender Perspektive zeigt sich, dass manche Typen von Demonstrativa überhaupt nicht mit restriktiven Relativsätzen kombinieren können, andere wiederum den Relativsatz auf spezielle Lesarten beschränken. Ziel ist es, für die fraglichen Strukturen übereinzelsprachliche Beschränkungen aufzuzeigen und aus dem Sprachvergleich Rückschlüsse für das Deutsche zu gewinnen."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133074072",
"bllo:bll-133088839"
] | [
[
"Relative clause",
"Relativsatz"
],
[
"Demonstrativum",
"Demonstrativum"
]
] | [
[
"bll-133074056",
"FiniteClause",
"Clause",
"Constituent",
"SyntacticCategory",
"SyntacticPhenomenon"
],
[
"bll-133089118",
"MorphosyntacticCategory",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
]
] | [
[
[
"Subordinate clause",
"Nebensatz"
],
[
"Finite clause",
"Finiter Teilsatz"
],
[
"Clause",
"Teilsatz"
],
[
"Constituent",
"Konstituente"
],
[
"Syntactic category",
"Syntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Syntactic phenomenon",
"Syntaktisches Phänomen"
]
],
[
[
"Determiner",
"Determiner"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic category",
"Morphosyntaktische Kategorie"
],
[
"Morphosyntactic phenomenon",
"Morphosyntaktisches Phänomen"
]
]
] | [
"SyntacticPhenomenon",
"MorphosyntacticPhenomenon"
] |
11810 | Sprachliche Variabilität des Deutschen und ihre Erfassung mit Methoden der automatischen Spracherkennung | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Die Datenbank wird auf den Ergebnissen der Analyse einschlägiger umfangreicher Korpora des gesprochenen Deutsch basieren. Um jedoch große Korpora analysieren zu können, ist es notwendig, automatische Analyseverfahren der Variation zu entwickeln. Mit traditionellen manuellen Methoden kann der Aufbau einer korpusbasierten Datenbank kaum verwirklicht werden. Dem eigentlichen Variationsprojekt wurde daher eine kleine Pilotstudie vorgeschaltet, die die Möglichkeiten der automatischen Analyse prüfen sollte. Dabei wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob es möglich ist, regionale Varianten des Deutschen mit Verfahren der automatischen Spracherkennung zu untersuchen, d.h., ob es möglich ist, eine verlässliche Transkription der regionalen Varianten automatisch herzustellen. Diese Pilotstudie zur automatischen Transkription stützte sich auf das im IDS bereits vorhandene System SPRAT (Speech Recognition and Alignment Tool), das zum Alignieren (Text-Ton-Synchronisation) verwendet wird. Im Rahmen der Pilotstudie wurde dieses System modifiziert und in einer Reihe von Tests dessen automatische Transkription evaluiert (vgl. Abschnitt 3). Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie vorzustellen. Zunächst aber soll ein kurzer Exkurs verdeutlichen, um welches System es sich beim IDS-Aligner SPRAT handelt."
] | ddc:400 | [] | [
"bllo:bll-133072878",
"bllo:bll-133073297",
"bllo:bll-133070158"
] | [
[
"Allophone",
"Varianten"
],
[
"Transcription",
"Transkription"
],
[
"German",
"Deutsch"
]
] | [
[
"WritingSystem",
"LinguisticSystem",
"GeneralLinguisticNotion",
"OtherLinguisticTerm"
],
[
"WestGermanic",
"bll-133070166",
"bll-133095894",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
]
] | [
[
[
"Writing system",
"Schrift"
],
[
"Linguistic system",
"Linguistisches System"
],
[
"General linguistic notion",
"Allgemeinlinguistisches Konzept"
],
[
"Other linguistic term",
"Anderer linguistischer Begriff"
]
],
[
[
"West Germanic",
"Westgermanisch"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanisch"
],
[
"Indo-European languages",
"Indoeuropäische Sprachen"
],
[
"Language-related term",
"Sprachbezeichner"
]
]
] | [
"",
"OtherLinguisticTerm",
"LanguageRelatedTerm"
] |
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