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so definitely this game has been shown to be effective so far.
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this could be a game that classes do together.
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i am hoping that more students can use this game and they can also kind of prepare themselves for when schools do reopen in [inaudible 00:04:41] on how to keep-
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... still very ambitious and i'm going to continue again keeping this resource safe and accessible to everybody.
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as for dr. pixel, he's going to keep evolving again with the changing times and keep bringing new knowledge and new content for people to play and enjoy. i my-
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... yeah, that's the career goal. and i guess this game and this cause also falls directly in line of-
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... so for sure. one thing that i do want to say because this is a campus based podcast and to all my peers out there is when i was first id-
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... if you do have an idea like this or like anything similar-
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... and yeah, i would like to definitely give a huge thank you to dr. nissimov and the-
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and mask up when headed indoors in public spaces.
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give us an interview idea or you can't find the show notes. we keep talking about.
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an update to the university's executive council last week-
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... the president outlined how these meetings are helping to shape the way the university moves ahead and that this work must involve the leadership, advice and reflections of people with-
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... experiences of racism. charmaine dean-
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... will help lead a consultative approach to listening to individuals and groups on campus.
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university leaders will continue meeting with individuals and groups to listen to their feedback on ways the university will work to address racism.
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... library remains closed as part of the university's response to the global pandemic.
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but while the closure limits access to hard copies of the highlighted titles-
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... several electronic books appear on the list and you can access them online.
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if you've been approved to return to campus or to enter any university buildings you need-
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research labs are considered employee only spaces for the time being.
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supervisors will set the expectation with their teams based on the physical setup of the lab and the activities taking place therein.
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... if the ability to see the mouth is essential for communication.
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university is getting ready to welcome our students back for a new school year-
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... while for most of them this will mean studying remotely.
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we do expect to welcome a number of students back to campus physically.
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the goal of the checklist is to help students prepare to travel internationally and meet mandatory 14 day quarantine or-
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... highlights of the checklist include a guide for students to develop their own quarantine plan-
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if you'd like to take an active role in welcoming our students back-
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... tears move in will take place between august 24th-
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you can help our students feel safe and connected to campus when they arrive.
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so that could include computer upgrades and equipment such as the monitor-
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the deadline to apply for the academic readiness bursary is september 30th.
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and as he tells pamela, the work could help in the development of a vaccine.
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which looks at the immune system and the ways that it can protect an organism against infection, right?
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it's complicated. but, one of the main ways you defend against viruses is you produce antibodies with-
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almost like saran wrap and then the virus is prevented from sticking to your cells because it's all wrapped up and coded.
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the antibodies also work as a target for other mechanisms you have that will kill the virus.
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particularly the macrophages which are like ameboid cells that chew it up and kill it.
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now your focus has been primarily fish and specifically the species of fish that we eat.
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for one thing, we don't catch anymore fish from the ocean in terms of tons of animals than we did in 1993-
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... which is a very important protein source for much of the third world, and is a very nutritious and healthy alternative for people-
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... the fish that the world eats is comes from fish farms-
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because i'm an immunologist, i'm interested in the health of the fish. so-
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... finding families of fish that respond better in certain situations-
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... looking at it from the outside until it's pretty much diseased and dead.
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so antibiotics are quite often used in fish because vaccines aren't always effective. and rather than dump antibiotics into the ocean-
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... molecules that we can actually use as treatments to reduce that antibiotic use.
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and are fish in fish farms more susceptible to disease than wild stock?
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it's hard to say whether they get more than say pigs or cattle or chicken would get-
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... well, like everybody, we were locked down and forced to work from home and-
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... so it has slowed the fish research down a lot.
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but now you're testing the blood of people. you're not working with fish, how-
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what can you do, basically? what can you do to help us in any way, shape or form? so-
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... yeah, one of only two immunologists on campus.
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it involved a lab from new york, a medical school, and they had to supply us with a couple of little chemical reagents-
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... and they gave us the reagents. so very quickly we were able to ramp up because we had the equipment and because... i'm actually very fortunate that i ha-
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... measuring the immune status of fish and measuring molecules in fish blood-
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and to be honest, substituting fish blood for human blood in these assays is not that complicated.
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... anything else so people don't wander in and out and it's a room where you're especially clean and you have-
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correct, but coronaviruses, the type of virus that covid 19 is caused by are not very prevalent in blood. they-
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... need a level four lab like they have in winnipeg to handle it.
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i see, okay. and what are you looking for in these human blood samples?
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so we're looking for those specific antibodies that respond to the sars-cov-2 virus.
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and it's pretty easy to do because we have a recombinant protein-
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... just a piece of the protein from the virus we put on a really a plastic plate.
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ideally it would tell us that they're now immune.
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but to be honest the literature is very unclear on whether people get sick a second time.
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... on it. so we're hoping that people are immune if they have antibodies.
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but the samples i'm doing right now just because we are getting the assay up and running are from people that my partners know have either been sick or have-
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... sick and which ones were people who had never been or at least not shown symptoms of the virus and we had to predict, ourselves, what they were like.
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so it may be that this person was infected just very quickly before we took the blood sample.
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well it could be for many things. it could be to screen to make sure that they've been exposed so that if there is any research that shows their-
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... and one of the things in the immune response you would look for is antibodies.
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if they have antibodies, does that automatically mean that they're immune?
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... haven't had enough time to test that because what has to happen is you have to develop antibodies and then get exposed to the virus again.
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and so you have to wait and see if people who have antibodies actually developed the illness again. and-
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but this flip side of that is not too many people have got the disease.
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i would say less than half the amount of some of the other people.
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and that's the real question, why we don't want to say people have antibodies are immune because we don't know what level you need on that. and it will take a-
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but we'll have to see whether the antibodies really do confer protection, i think.
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... work you've done and from what you know about the immune system.
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the simplest one is the flu vaccine.
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where the particular protein on the virus that helps it get in our cells is called the spike protein. it's-
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right.so you could just take that protein-
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... inject people. now the experience with coronavirus says that doesn't work particularly well-
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a harmless virus that infects people all the time but doesn't cause disease.
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they inject that in you because of course viruses replicate in our cells, they-
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... they're sort of novel technologies that we're scrambling to get going now.
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and the other thing it's going to have to elicit is something i'm not testing for but-
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.. we have another type of cell in our body called a killer t cell.
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... always side effects. and that's why i think the russian vaccine is a bit premature because they haven't tested that.
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we'll probably take until next march because it takes a lot of time to test all those things carefully.
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well what we do know about coronaviruses is they don't elicit long lasting immunity.
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so the type of immunity they illicit is short lived. for some of the other coronaviruses like sars and mers, the antibodies only last months to a year or two.
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... measles where you can have one boost and you're good for life.
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the problem is a lot of that discussion that scientists have happens behind the scenes.
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we discuss what's happening with a research paper and it's what's called peer reviewed. many-
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what's happening right now is everyone's so desperate for information that the instance someone does an experiment-
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they're releasing it to the public without that peer review, that self-check-
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