report stringlengths 320 1.32M | summary stringlengths 127 13.7k |
|---|---|
SSA administers three major federal programs. The Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) and the Disability Insurance (DI) programs, together commonly known as “Social Security,” provide benefits to retired and disabled workers and their dependents and survivors. Monthly cash benefits are financed through payroll taxes... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Social Security Administration's (SSA) progress in addressing its management challenges, focusing on: (1) SSA's need to strengthen its research and policy capacity in order to address the future solvency of the Social Security Trust Funds; (2) SSA's management and ... |
In managing federal lands, the Forest Service and BLM often contract for services such as road maintenance, forest thinning, and other activities. They also frequently contract to sell forest resources such as timber or firewood. Traditionally, these contracts have been executed separately— service contracts have gener... | In their efforts to reduce hazardous fuels and the risk of wildfire on the nation's public lands, the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) expect that stewardship contracting will play a major role. Stewardship contracting involves the use of contracting authorities--such as the exchange of goods for ... |
There is growing agreement on the need to better link individual pay to performance. Establishing such linkages is essential if we expect to maximize the performance and assure the accountability of the federal government for the benefit of the American people. As a result, from a conceptual standpoint, we strongly sup... | DOD is in the midst of a major transformation effort including a number of initiatives to transform its forces and improve its business operations. DOD's legislative initiative would provide for major changes in civilian and military human capital management, make major adjustments in the DOD acquisition process, affec... |
Inherently governmental functions require discretion in applying government authority or value judgments in making decisions for the government; as such, they should be performed by government employees—not private contractors. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) provides 20 examples of functions considered to be,... | In fiscal year 2005, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) obligated $1.2 billion to procure four types of professional and management support services. While contracting for such services can help DHS meet its needs, using contractors to provide services that closely support inherently governmental functions incre... |
In general, royalty rates for onshore federal oil and gas leases are 12- 1/2 percent of the value of the oil and the gas produced, whereas royalty rates for offshore leases are generally 16- 2/3 percent. MMS also administers programs under which royalties are reduced or suspended to encourage exploration and production... | In fiscal year 2003, the federal government collected $5.6 billion in royalties from oil and gas production on federal lands. Although most oil and gas companies pay royalties in cash, the Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service (MMS) has the option to take a percentage of the oil and gas produced and ... |
Throughout this report, we refer to program integrity activities as those activities designed to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse of government resources. Program integrity activities may encompass a broad range of activities, such as identifying improper payments or improper access to federal programs or benefits. An i... | Federal agencies may use commercial data services in conducting program integrity activities designed to identify fraud and improper payments, which pose a significant risk to the integrity of federal programs. For example, federal agencies may obtain commercial data—subject to applicable laws and protections—that iden... |
Networks of related entities are a feature of modern business organizations. Many legitimate reasons explain why a business owner (or owners) may choose to use a network of related entities to conduct operations. While this list is not exhaustive, a network may be used legitimately to: isolate one line of business from... | A taxpayer can control a group of related entities--such as trusts, corporations, or partnerships--in a network. These networks can serve a variety of legitimate business purposes, but they also can be used in complex tax evasion schemes that are difficult for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to identify. GAO was ask... |
The Section 202 and Section 811 programs are two federally funded programs intended to expand the supply of affordable housing for very low-income elderly persons and individuals with disabilities, respectively. The Housing Act of 1959, as amended, established the Section 202 Direct Loan Program to provide direct loans... | Over 151,000 very low-income elderly and disabled households rely on the Section 202 and the Section 811 programs to provide affordable rents and housing with supportive services. Before fiscal year 2012, nonprofit organizations interested in developing units for these populations could apply to HUD for grants known as... |
Directly or indirectly, HUD affects millions of Americans as it carries out the federal government’s missions, policies, and programs for housing and community development. These missions range from making housing affordable by insuring loans for multifamily rental housing properties and providing rental assistance for... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed its January 1999 report on the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) major management challenges and program risks, focusing on: (1) corrective actions that HUD has taken or initiated on its major management challenges; (2) major management challenges tha... |
From 1944 through 1988, the production of plutonium at Hanford generated about 525 million gallons of radioactive and hazardous waste. Some of the waste was dumped directly into the soil, some was encased in drums or other containers and buried, and some was stored on-site, underground in 149 SSTs and 28 DSTs. This sec... | DOE recently reported that nuclear waste is leaking from two of its underground storage tanks (T-111 and AY-102) at Hanford and that water was intruding into AY-102 and other tanks. Also, DOE has been experiencing delays in the construction of the WTP, a collection of facilities that are to treat the tank waste for dis... |
Total Army Analysis is a biennial analytical process the Army uses to determine the numbers and types of support units it would need to support combat units in two simultaneous major theater wars and the infrastructure it would need to augment and support these units. The process also allocates the most recent authoriz... | The National Military Strategy calls for U.S. forces to fight and win two nearly simultaneous major theater wars. Accordingly, the Army calculates its force structure requirements on the basis of this scenario. The strategy also calls for the Army to support operations in a series of concurrent contingencies and assume... |
The Section 521 Rental Assistance Program, started in 1978, is administered by RHS’s Multi-family Housing Portfolio Management Division. The program provides rental assistance for tenants living in properties financed by direct loans from RHS’s Multi-Family Housing Direct Loans and Farm Labor Housing Direct Loans and G... | RHS provides about $1.4 billion annually in rental subsidies to owners of multifamily housing for more than 270,000 low-income rural households. RHS's agreements with property owners provide rental assistance payments estimated to last 1 year. In fiscal years 2013–2015, RHS was unable to renew all its agreements becaus... |
Bus Rapid Transit involves coordinated improvements in a transit system’s infrastructure, equipment, operations, and technology that give preferential treatment to buses on urban roadways. Bus Rapid Transit is not a single type of transit system; rather it encompasses a variety of approaches, including buses using excl... | To make buses a more reliable and effective high-speed transit alternative, a new concept-- Bus Rapid Transit--proposes (1) running buses on highways exclusively for them or on HOV lanes or (2) improving service on busier routes on city streets. Federal support for Bus Rapid Transit projects may come from several diffe... |
Compared to the U.S. employed civilian labor force, the federal government’s workforce is made up of fewer millennials. In 2014, people 39 years old and younger represented 44.8 percent of the U.S. employed civilian labor force and 29.6 percent of the total civilian federal government workforce (see figure 1). The diff... | GAO's prior work found that skills gaps in government-wide fields such as cybersecurity are threatening the ability of agencies to carry out their missions. At the same time, government-wide trends in federal workforce retirement threaten to aggravate the problem. To help ensure agencies have the capacity to address co... |
CDHPs are relatively new health care benefits plan designs that are offered in various forms, including that of an HDHP coupled with an HSA. The FEHBP began to offer CDHPs in 2003 and first offered HDHPs coupled with HSAs in January 2005. While insurers and employers offer several variants of CDHPs, these plans general... | The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) recently began offering high-deductible health plans (HDHP) coupled with tax-advantaged health savings accounts (HSA) that enrollees use to pay for health care. Unused HSA balances may accumulate for future use, providing enrollees an incentive to purchase health ca... |
GAO designated DOD contract management as a high-risk area in 1992. The lack of well-defined requirements, the use of ill-suited business arrangements, and the lack of an adequate number of trained acquisition and contract oversight personnel contribute to unmet expectations and schedule delays and place the department... | To meet urgent needs, DOD can issue undefinitized contract actions (UCA), which authorize contractors to begin work before reaching a final agreement on contract terms. Such actions are considered to be a risky contract vehicle for the government because contractors lack incentives to control costs during this period. ... |
CCE, which falls organizationally under ACA, provides contracting support to 125 DOD customers in the National Capitol Region, including the Joint Chiefs of Staff, TRICARE Management Activity, Defense Information Systems Agency, DOD Inspector General, Pentagon Renovation Office, and Office of the Judge Advocate General... | In 2007, the Department of Defense (DOD) paid contractors $158.3 billion for a range of services, including contract specialists. To better understand the use of contractors in this role, GAO initiated a case study, under the authority of the Comptroller General, at the Army Contracting Agency's (ACA) Contracting Cente... |
Located in FAA’s Office of Aviation Safety (Aviation Safety), the Aircraft Certification Service (Aircraft Certification) and Flight Standards Service (Flight Standards) issue certificates and approvals for new aviation products to be used in the national airspace system as well as for new operators in the system, such... | Among its responsibilities for aviation safety, FAA issues certificates for new aircraft and parts, and grants approvals for changes to air operations and aircraft, based on federal aviation regulations. Various studies, GAO's prior work, and industry stakeholders have raised questions about the efficiency of FAA's cer... |
S. 261 would change the cycle for the President’s budget, for the budget resolution, for enactment of appropriations, and for authorizations to a biennial cycle. The President would be required to submit a 2-year budget at the beginning of the first session of a Congress; this budget would contain proposed levels for e... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the provisions of S. 261, focusing on: (1) state experiences with biennial budgeting; and (2) provisions regarding GAO, the Budget Enforcement Act, and the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). GAO noted that: (1) in 1996, when GAO last looked at this data, 8 ... |
Average tuition for a resident undergraduate student to attend a public 4-year college or university (referred to throughout this report as a “public college”) rose from $804 per year in school year 1980-81 to $2,689 in 1994-95, an increase of 234 percent. During approximately the same period, the median household inco... | Pursuant to congressional requests, GAO provided information on: (1) changes in college tuition levels relative to increases in consumer prices and families' ability to pay; (2) the extent that increased expenditures for instruction, administration, research, and other services have contributed to the increase in colle... |
As a result of a 1995 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission decision, Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, is to be realigned and the San Antonio Air Logistics Center, including the Air Force maintenance depot, is to be closed by 2001. Additionally, McClellan Air Force Base, California, and the Sacramento Air Logisti... | GAO discussed the public-private competitions for workloads at two maintenance depots identified for closure, focusing on: (1) the problems GAO is having in obtaining access to Department of Defense (DOD) information; (2) the recent competition for C-5 aircraft workload and GAO's assessment of it; (3) the adequacy of D... |
In May 2001, the Subcommittee’s predecessor held a hearing on USAID financial management. Using that hearing as a baseline, we evaluated, using primarily USAID IG reports, the progress made to improve USAID’s financial management systems, processes, and human capital (people) in the past 2 years. At the time of the May... | GAO has long reported that the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) faces a number of performance and accountability challenges that affect its ability to implement its foreign economic and humanitarian assistance programs. These major challenges include human capital, performance measurement, information ... |
The financial regulatory framework in the United States was built over more than a century, largely in response to crises and significant market developments. As a result, the regulatory system is complex and fragmented. While the Dodd-Frank Act has brought additional changes, including the creation of new regulatory e... | The 2007-2009 financial crisis threatened the stability of the U.S. financial system and the health of the U.S. economy. To address regulatory gaps and other problems revealed by the crisis, Congress enacted the Dodd- Frank Act. Federal regulators will need to issue hundreds of rules to implement the act. Industry repr... |
Since 1986, VBA has been trying to modernize its old, inefficient information systems. It reportedly spent an estimated $294 million on these activities between October 1, 1986, and February 29, 1996. The modernization program can have a major impact on the efficiency and accuracy with which about $20 billion in benefi... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO conducted a follow-up review to determine the actions taken by the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) to address management and technical weaknesses identified in the June 19, 1996, hearing on the agency's modernization effort, focusing on the agency's actions to improve its... |
The CFATS program is intended to ensure the security of the nation’s chemical infrastructure by identifying, assessing the risk posed by, and requiring the implementation of measures to protect high-risk chemical facilities. Section 550 of the DHS Appropriations Act, 2007, required DHS to issue regulations establishing... | Thousands of facilities have hazardous chemicals that could be targeted or used to inflict mass casualties or harm surrounding populations in the United States. DHS established the CFATS program to, among other things, identify and assess the security risk posed by chemical facilities. Within DHS, ISCD oversees this pr... |
From defending the homeland against terrorists, to preventing the spread of infectious diseases, to providing a reliable stream of social security income to retirees and supporting the transition from welfare to work, the federal government provides funding and services to the American public that can affect their live... | Now that the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) has been in effect for 10 years, GAO was asked to address (1) the effect of GPRA in creating a governmentwide focus on results and the government's ability to deliver results to the American public, (2) the challenges agencies face in measuring performance and ... |
The TAA Reform Act established the HCTC to help certain individuals pay for health coverage by establishing a tax credit for 65 percent of the premium cost for qualified coverage. Individuals receive the HCTC in two ways—either in advance on a monthly basis or after the end of the year when they file their federal inco... | Congress enacted the health coverage tax credit (HCTC) in 2002 for certain displaced workers receiving income support through the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program and for certain retirees receiving pensions from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC). The HCTC equals 65 percent of the cost of qualifie... |
One of Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon’s first major initiatives, upon beginning his tenure in 2007, was to submit to the General Assembly a proposal to restructure the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and establish the Department of Field Support (DFS). The Secretary-General’s proposal, built on previous ref... | The United States is the largest financial contributor to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations--providing about $1.4 billion in 2008 (about 26 percent of the total UN peacekeeping assessed budget)--and has a strong interest in the efficient and effective management of these operations. The size and scope of UN p... |
NICS is used by federally licensed firearm dealers to initiate a background check on individuals seeking to possess or receive a firearm. The permanent provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Act) took effect on November 30, 1998. Under the Brady Act, before a firearm dealer can transfer a firear... | The FBI and designated state and local criminal justice agencies use the FBI's NICS to conduct background checks on individuals seeking to obtain firearms. Persons prohibited by federal law from possessing firearms include individuals who have domestic violence records that meet federal disqualifying criteria. Under fe... |
Federal responsibilities for assisting states in preparing for emergencies include developing national strategies, policies, and guidelines and providing funding to assist states in developing their emergency preparedness plans and programs. A critical element of emergency preparedness is preparing health care systems ... | Potential terrorist attacks and the possibility of naturally occurring disease outbreaks have raised concerns about the "surge capacity" of the nation's health care systems to respond to mass casualty events. GAO identified four key components of preparing for medical surge: (1) increasing hospital capacity, (2) identi... |
High-level waste contains radioactive components that emit dangerously intense radiation. Radiation is generated through a decay process in which the atoms of a radioactive component (also known as a radionuclide) lose their radioactivity by spontaneously releasing energy in the form of subatomic particles or rays simi... | The Department of Energy (DOE) oversees one of the largest cleanup programs in history--the treatment and disposal of 94 million gallons of highly radioactive nuclear waste from the nation's nuclear weapons program. This waste is currently at DOE sites in Washington, Idaho, and South Carolina. In 2002, DOE began an ini... |
Like financial institutions, credit card companies, telecommunications firms, and other private sector companies that take steps to protect customers’ accounts, CMS uses information technology to help predict or detect cases of improper claims and payments. For more than a decade, the agency and its contractors have us... | The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is responsible for administering and safeguarding its programs from loss of funds. As GAO reported in June 2011, CMS utilizes automated systems and tools to help improve the detection of improper payments for fraudulent, wasteful, and abusive claims. To integrate cla... |
Authorized by the Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, Medicare is the nation’s largest health insurance program. In 2006, Medicare provided medical services to 43.2 million beneficiaries and paid claims totaling $402 billion in 2006. CMS, an operating division of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), a... | Under the Medicare program, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and its contractors paid over $400 billion in Medicare benefits in calendar year 2006. GAO was asked to determine if Medicare providers have unpaid federal taxes and, if so, to (1) determine the magnitude of such debts, (2) identify examples... |
DOD’s current space network is comprised of constellations of satellites, ground-based systems, and associated terminals and receivers. Among other things, these assets are used to perform intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance functions; perform missile warning; provide communication services to DOD and other ... | The Department of Defense is spending nearly $18 billion annually to develop, acquire, and operate satellites and other space-related systems. The majority of satellite programs that GAO has reviewed over the past 2 decades experienced increased costs and delayed schedules. DOD has recently implemented a new acquisitio... |
FEMA’s fire grant programs are available to a variety of fire departments— those composed of volunteer firefighters, career firefighters, or a combination thereof. In the case of the AFG program, grants also extend to nonaffiliated EMS organizations. In the case of the FP&S program, grants also extend to local, state, ... | The Department of Homeland Security, through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), awards grants to fire departments and other organizations for equipment, staffing, and other needs. As of July 2009, FEMA had received about 25,000 and 22,000 applications for its fiscal years 2007 and 2008 fire grant programs,... |
The study by five DOE national laboratories was prepared in response to a growing recognition that any national effort to reduce the growth of greenhouse gas emissions must consider ways of increasing energy productivity. According to DOE laboratory officials, project discussions began in the summer of 1996, a peer rev... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the study conducted by five Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories on reducing U.S. emissions through energy-efficient and low-carbon technologies, focusing on: (1) how the study's scope and methodology may limit its usefulness; (2) key assumpti... |
Fraud and abuse in the SDVOSB program allowed ineligible firms to improperly receive millions of dollars in set-aside and sole-source SDVOSB contracts, potentially denying legitimate service-disabled veterans and their firms the benefits of this program. We identified 10 case-study examples of firms that did not meet S... | The Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB) program is intended to provide federal contracting opportunities to qualified firms. In fiscal year 2007, the Small Business Administration (SBA) reported $4 billion in governmentwide sole source and set aside SDVOSB contract awards. Given the amount of federal... |
FinCEN is a relatively small agency with a fiscal year 1997 budget of about $23 million and an onboard staffing level (as of December 1997) of 162 employees. FinCEN does not initiate or carry out any investigations on its own. Rather, by serving as a central source for financial intelligence information and analysis, F... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network's (FinCEN) products and services in support of law enforcement, focusing on: (1) trends in the types and quantities of products and services provided by FinCEN to the law enforcement community; (2) the extent to which FinCEN's pr... |
DOE’s missions encompass energy resources, scientific and technological development, environmental cleanup, and nuclear security. DOE established EM in 1989 to carry out the mission to clean up radioactive wastes, spent nuclear fuel, excess plutonium and uranium, contaminated facilities, and contaminated soil and groun... | DOE missions encompass energy resources, scientific and technological development, environmental cleanup, and nuclear security. Management of major projects and contracts within EM and NNSA, a separately organized agency within DOE, remain on GAO's list of areas at high risk of waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement, w... |
FEMA created the Grant Programs Directorate on April 1, 2007, in accordance with the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (Post-Katrina Act), to consolidate the management of emergency preparedness grants, including the UASI grants. The Grant Programs Directorate’s subject-matter experts are to provide on-site ... | From fiscal year 2003 through fiscal year 2009, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) allocated about $5 billion for the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) grant program to enhance regional preparedness capabilities in the nation's highest risk urban areas (UASI regions). The Federal Emergency Management Agency ... |
Madam Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee: We are pleased to be here today to participate in the Subcommittee’s inquiry into the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) financial condition for 1996, the status of the 1996 filing season, and the administration’s fiscal year 1997 budget request for IRS. Our statement is ba... | GAO examined the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) financial condition, focusing on the: (1) status of the 1996 filing season; and (2) IRS fiscal year (FY) 1997 budget request. GAO found that: (1) the FY 1996 appropriation for IRS was $7.3 billion, $860 million less than the President requested and $160 million less tha... |
Signed into law on May 9, 2014, the DATA Act expanded on previous federal transparency legislation by requiring the disclosure of federal agency expenditures and linking agency spending information to federal program activities so that both policymakers and the public can more effectively track federal spending. The DA... | Across the federal government, agencies are making final preparations to submit the required data by the DATA Act's May 2017 deadline. This represents the culmination of almost 3 years of effort by OMB, Treasury, and federal agencies to address many policy and technical challenges. Moving forward, attention will increa... |
In 1995, the District of Columbia faced the worst financial crisis in its history. Unable to pay its employees or its contractors, the District was running a significant operating deficit, carrying a large accumulated deficit, and relying on the U.S. Treasury for help in funding its operations. The District’s ordinary ... | Although the District of Columbia, the Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance Authority, and Congress have achieved an enormous accomplishment in restoring the District to financial viability, many of the challenges the District faced in the past continue. The District and Congress need current, reliable in... |
All local staff who work for U.S. diplomatic missions overseas are eligible to apply for an SIV that allows them to immigrate to the United States, provided they meet certain conditions, such as having 15 years of employment with the U.S. government abroad. Congress has enacted a series of laws since 2006 to enable cer... | Congress established an SIV program in 2009 for Afghan nationals with at least 1 year of U.S. government service, given the risk these employees face. Local staff at the U.S. diplomatic mission in Afghanistan are key to implementing U.S. policies and programs because of their institutional knowledge, language skills, a... |
Our review of the pilot test identified several challenges related to pilot planning, data collection, and reporting, which affected the completeness, accuracy, and reliability of the results. DHS did not correct planning shortfalls that we identified in our November 2009 report. We determined that these weaknesses pre... | This testimony discusses GAO's work examining the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) program. Ports, waterways, and vessels handle billions of dollars in cargo annually, and an attack on our nation's maritime transportation system could have serious consequenc... |
DOD provides active duty servicemembers with a comprehensive compensation package that includes a mix of cash, such as basic pay; noncash benefits, such as health care; and deferred compensation, such as retirement pension. The foundation of each servicemember’s compensation is regular military compensation, which cons... | This testimony discusses our most recent report on military and civilian pay comparisons and the challenges associated with those types of comparisons. The Department of Defense's (DOD) military compensation package, which is a myriad of pays and benefits, is an important tool for attracting and retaining the number an... |
Each year, between 1.3 million and 1.5 million households have commercial moving firms move their household goods to another state, according to industry estimates. There are approximately 2,900 motor carriers registered with the Department of Transportation that are active in transporting household goods across state ... | For moving services, the primary responsibility for consumer protection lies with consumers to select a reputable household goods carrier, ensure that they understand the terms and conditions of the contracts, and understand and pursue the remedies that are available to them when problems arise. Available information i... |
In the current environment of making government work better and cost less, there are high expectations of information technology to change old, inefficient ways of running programs and delivering taxpayer services. Most federal agencies are largely dependent on information systems to deliver services, maintain operatio... | GAO discussed how leading organizations' best practices can be effectively used to improve information technology (IT) management in the federal government. GAO noted that: (1) federal IT-related expenditures total over $25 billion per year, but the benefits from IT are unknown; (2) IT can be used to improve organizati... |
About two-thirds of all Medicare beneficiaries live in areas where they can choose among traditional fee-for-service and one or more managed care plans. Although approximately 82 percent of beneficiaries are in the fee-for-service program, the percentage of beneficiaries enrolled in managed care plans is growing. Over ... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the: (1) accuracy, completeness, and usefulness of the information Medicare managed care organizations (MCO) distribute about their plans' benefit packages; (2) extent to which MCOs inform beneficiaries of their plan appeal rights and the appeals process; and (3) Healt... |
The FCS concept is designed to be part of the Army’s Future Force, which is intended to transform the Army into a more rapidly deployable and responsive force that differs substantially from the large division-centric structure of the past. The Army is reorganizing its current forces into modular brigade combat teams, ... | The Future Combat System (FCS) program--which comprises 14 integrated weapon systems and an advanced information network--is the centerpiece of the Army's effort to transition to a lighter, more agile, and more capable combat force. The substantial technical challenges, the Army's acquisition strategy, and the cost of ... |
In an effort to strengthen homeland security following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, President Bush issued the National Strategy for Homeland Security in July 2002 and signed legislation creating DHS in November 2002. The strategy set forth the overall objectives, mission areas, and in... | The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) plays a key role in leading and coordinating--with stakeholders in the federal, state, local, and private sectors--the nation's homeland security efforts. GAO has conducted numerous reviews of DHS management functions as well as programs including transportation and border secu... |
In fiscal year 1997, IRS collected more than $1.6 trillion in tax revenue. Most of this revenue was collected by intermediaries, such as financial depository institutions, and transferred directly to the Treasury general fund. However, the remainder—estimated at over $100 billion in fiscal year 1997—was collected direc... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) physical controls over receipts and taxpayer data. GAO noted that: (1) IRS' controls over receipts and taxpayer data do not adequately reduce the vulnerability of the federal government and taxpayers to loss from theft; (2) this co... |
To assess IRS’s 2007 filing season performance in the key filing season activities compared to goals and past performance, and identify and assess potential improvements or efficiencies in filing season operations, we reviewed and analyzed IRS reports, testimonies, budget submissions, and other documents and data, incl... | In 2007, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will spend over $3 billion to process returns and provide taxpayer service. Effective service can reduce taxpayers' burden of complying with tax laws and, many tax experts believe, may improve compliance. GAO was asked to assess IRS's performance relative to 2007 goals and pr... |
The Subcommittee’s November 1997 oversight hearing on DCIA’s implementation underscored the need for progress in referring delinquent nontax debts to Treasury for offset. At about the time of the hearing, agencies had referred $9.4 billion of nontax debt over 180 days delinquent to Treasury for administrative offset. I... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Department of the Treasury's implementation of the administrative offset provision of the Debt Collection Improvement Act (DCIA) of 1996, focusing on: (1) the status of referrals by agencies of delinquent nontax debts to Treasury for administrative offset; (2) acti... |
Individuals with ESRD are eligible for Medicare benefits regardless of their age. In 2001, Medicare covered about 90 percent of the 406,000 individuals with the disease. ESRD occurs when an individual’s kidneys have regressed to less than 10 percent of normal baseline function. Without functioning kidneys, excess waste... | Medicare covers about 90 percent of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the permanent loss of kidney function. Most ESRD patients receive regular hemodialysis treatments, a process that removes toxins from the blood, at a dialysis facility. A small percentage dialyzes-at home. From 1991 through 2001, the ESRD... |
The Uruguay Round and NAFTA included significant provisions to liberalize agricultural trade. Generally, these agreements comprised commitments for reducing government support, improving market access, and establishing for the first time rules on various aspects of global agricultural trade. As the largest exporter of ... | GAO discussed the implementation of certain agricultural provisions of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), focusing on: (1) the impact of measures to protect human, animal or plant life or health--referred to as sanitary and phytosantia... |
Since the Medicare program was created in 1965, it has been administered largely by private contractors under federal oversight. These contractors enroll and pay providers and suppliers while also maintaining the responsibility to help ensure Medicare program integrity. CMS currently contracts with 12 MACs, each of whi... | In fiscal year 2014, Medicare paid $554 billion for health care and related services. CMS estimates that $60 billion (about 10 percent) of that total was paid improperly. To establish and maintain Medicare billing privileges, providers and suppliers must be enrolled in a CMS database known as PECOS. About 1.8 million p... |
This section presents information on the use of injection wells in the oil and gas industry and key provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act and EPA regulations related to protecting underground sources of drinking water, and EPA UIC regulations and evaluations. After a long period of declining production that lasted ... | Every day in the United States, at least 2 billion gallons of fluids are injected into over 172,000 wells to enhance oil and gas production, or to dispose of fluids brought to the surface during the extraction of oil and gas resources. These wells are subject to regulation to protect drinking water sources under EPA's ... |
HUD’s Section 8 Assisted Housing Program provides rental subsidies for low-income households. Assistance is either tenant-based—the household receives the assistance wherever it finds an acceptable housing unit owned by a landlord who agrees to participate in the program—or project-based—rent is paid for an eligible te... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) financial management of the Section 8 rental assistance program, focusing on: (1) the amount of excess budget authority in the Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation (MOD REHAB) Program and how HUD estimated this amou... |
We believe that the United States generally achieved its negotiating objectives in the Uruguay Round, and most studies we reviewed projected net economic gains to the United States and the world economy. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round agreements are the most comprehensive multilateral t... | GAO discussed the implementation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade's Uruguay Round agreements and the operation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). GAO noted that: (1) the U.S. has generally achieved its negotiating objectives in the Uruguay Round; (2) the agreements are expected to open markets by reduc... |
The North Slope of Alaska—a vast, ecologically sensitive area north of the Arctic Circle—is home to the largest oil reserve in the United States. This sparsely settled area consists primarily of public lands owned by the federal government, state government, and Alaska Native corporations. To date, oil production activ... | This report discusses the nature and extent of dismantlement, removal, and restoration requirements for oil industry activities that are occurring on both federal and state lands located on the North Slope of the state of Alaska. The state of Alaska, which owns the lands where most of the North Slope's current oil prod... |
PT treatment consists of a planned program to relieve symptoms, improve function, and prevent further disability for individuals disabled by chronic or acute disease or injury. Health conditions that require physical rehabilitation, such as low back pain, bursitis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or arthritis, may benefit... | Rising Medicare expenditures for PT services have long been of concern, and questions have been raised about the role of self-referral in this growth. Self-referral occurs when a provider refers patients to entities in which the provider or the provider's family members have a financial interest. GAO was asked to exami... |
Researchers have defined poverty in a variety of ways. It can be defined as deprivation experienced in material terms, such as hunger or poor housing quality; in economic terms, such as inadequate income; or in social terms, such as isolation from the community or feelings of low self-esteem. In U.S. government statist... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed various issues involved in updating the federal government's measure of poverty, focusing on: (1) the issues associated with measuring a family's economic well-being and setting a standard below which families are considered poor; (2) the suggestions experts have for ad... |
The military services preposition stocks ashore and afloat to provide DOD the ability to respond to multiple scenarios by providing assets to support U.S. forces during the initial phases of an operation until follow-on capabilities are available through strategic lift and the supply chain has been established. Each mi... | DOD prepositions stocks such as combat vehicles and repair parts worth billions of dollars at strategic locations around the world. These assets are used to prepare forces quickly for conflicts when needed. Over the years, GAO has made recommendations for DOD to develop overarching strategic guidance and improve joint ... |
To determine the extent to which the federal government’s response to the helium-3 shortage was affected by DOE’s management of helium-3, we reviewed the DOE Isotope Program’s strategic planning documents, helium-3 sales data, and information on NNSA’s inventory of helium-3. We also interviewed officials at DOE, DOE’s ... | Helium-3 gas is a key component of equipment used at ports and border crossings to detect radiation and prevent the smuggling of nuclear material into the United States, among other uses. The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a separate agency within the Department of Energy (DOE), extracts helium-3 and ... |
BOP consists of a headquarters and six regional offices—Mid-Atlantic, North Central, Northeast, South Central, Southeast, and Western—that directly oversee the operations of its 114 facilities within their respective geographic regions of the country. BOP operates facilities of different security levels—minimum, low, m... | The Department of Justice's Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is responsible for the custody and care of more than 202,000 federal offenders with approximately 35,000 employees, almost half of whom are correctional officers, dispersed across BOP's 114 correctional facilities in 6 regions. In response to a request, GAO id... |
The Army Reserve is a partner with the active Army and the Army National Guard in fulfilling the country's military and contingency needs. The Army Reserve provides nearly half of the Army’s combat support capabilities. The Army Reserve has approximately 2,000 units that drill at 1,500 Army Reserve Centers located in c... | In light of GAO's November 2003 report highlighting significant pay problems experienced by Army National Guard soldiers mobilized to active duty in support of the global war on terrorism and homeland security, GAO was asked to determine if controls used to pay mobilized Army Reserve soldiers provided assurance that su... |
Airports are a linchpin in the nation’s air transportation system. This is true for both the 71 largest airports, as well as for the nation’s 3,233 smaller commercial and general aviation airports. While small airports handle only about 10 percent of scheduled passenger traffic in total , they also serve a majority of ... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed airport funding issues as they apply to smaller airports, focusing on: 1) how much funding has been made available to airports, particularly smaller airports, for their capital development and what are the sources of these funds; (2) comparing airports' plans for futur... |
When implementing contracting reform, CMS initially planned to establish 15 A/B MAC jurisdictions and 4 DME MAC jurisdictions. At that time, CMS also planned to award four additional MAC contracts for processing Medicare claims for home health and hospice care, but the agency later decided to divide this workload among... | The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) required CMS to select claims administrative contractors through a competitive process and to do so in accordance with the FAR. In fiscal year 2013, MACs processed almost 1.2 billion claims totaling more than $363 billion in Medicare payme... |
OSC, which does not have in-house contracting staff, has an agreement with ARC, an office within Treasury’s Bureau of the Public Debt, to provide contracting support for a fee. As a member of the Treasury franchise fund, ARC does not receive direct appropriated funds, but instead relies on revenue from its federal agen... | In January 2005, the U.S. Office of Special Counsel (OSC) implemented a plan, in part, to address a backlog of pending cases. This report discusses actions related to the development of this plan, including whether required practices and procedures were followed in contracting for the services of a management consultin... |
VA’s mission is to promote the health, welfare, and dignity of all veterans in recognition of their service to the nation by ensuring they receive medical care, benefits, social support, and lasting memorials. Its three major components, the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA), the Veterans Health Administration (VH... | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) spends nearly $1 billion yearly to support its information technology (IT) needs; yet it has encountered persistent challenges in managing IT projects. In October 2005, VA initiated a realignment to centralize its IT management program that it plans to complete by July 2008. GAO ... |
The issues raised in this report relate directly to weaknesses in the Navy’s funds control system that result in its inability to ensure that it has not incurred obligations in excess of available budget authority. As the Supreme Court has made clear over the years, the Appropriations Clause of the U.S. Constitution, o... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the effects of in-transit disbursements on the Navy's funds control and financial reporting. GAO noted that: (1) the Navy and the Department of Defense (DOD) have not established adequate funds control as required by the Antideficiency Act; (2) current policies and pr... |
We conducted this performance audit from June 2014 to May 2015 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit obje... | Forward presence supports the Navy's goals of ensuring sea control, projecting U.S. power, and providing maritime security. To meet these goals and combatant commanders' growing demand for forward presence, the Navy has doubled the number of ships assigned to overseas homeports since 2006, to a total of 40 by the end o... |
The U.S. Border Patrol, within the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), is responsible for patrolling 8,000 miles of the land and coastal borders of the United States to detect and prevent the illegal entry of aliens and contraband, including terrorists, terrorist weapons, a... | In May 2006, the President called for comprehensive immigration reform that included strengthening control of the country's borders by, among other things, adding 6,000 new agents to the U.S. Border Patrol by the end of December 2008. This unprecedented 48 percent increase over 2 years raises concerns about the ability... |
The Department of Education administers four major student financial aid programs under title IV of HEA: FFELP, the William D. Ford Direct Loan Program (FDLP), the Federal Pell Grant Program, and the Federal Campus-Based Programs. These programs together will make available an estimated $47 billion to about 8 million i... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed schools' use of the National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS), focusing on: (1) the extent to and purposes for which schools are using NSLDS; (2) problems these schools are having and the benefits they are getting from using the system; (3) why some schools are not usin... |
Congress, in its deliberations on creating a new department, should pay special attention to strategy, criteria and priorities for reorganization critical to the nation’s efforts to protect the nation from terrorism. In recent testimony before the Congress, GAO urged that the proposal for establishing DHS should not be... | The government faces a unique opportunity to create an organization that is extremely effective in protecting the nation's borders and citizens against terrorism. There is likely to be considerable benefit over time from restructuring some of the homeland security functions, including reducing risk and improving the ec... |
The STOCK Act includes several provisions affecting executive and legislative branch employees. For example, the Act makes clear that executive branch employees, Members of Congress, and employees of Congress are not exempt from insider trading prohibitions under securities laws. In addition, the STOCK Act requires tha... | Companies and individuals use political intelligence to understand the potential effects of legislative and executive branch actions on business, finance, and other decisions. The STOCK Act of 2012 directed GAO to report to Congress on the role of political intelligence in the financial markets. GAO reviewed (1) the le... |
With this context in mind, I would like to turn now to recent trends in DOD’s contracting activities. If you would turn to slide 4, DOD’s spending on goods and services has increased by 88 percent since fiscal year 2000. In fiscal year 2005, DOD obligated nearly $270 billion on contracts for products, research and deve... | The Department of Defense's (DOD) spending on goods and services has grown significantly since fiscal year 2000 to well over $250 billion annually. Prudence with taxpayer funds, widening deficits, and growing long-range fiscal challenges demand that DOD maximize its return on investment, while providing warfighters wit... |
In December 2009, we published a report assessing DHS’s efforts to establish the National Biosurveillance Integration Center (NBIC). We reported that NBIC was not fully equipped to carry out its mission because it lacked key resources—data and personnel—from its partner agencies, a situation that could be at least part... | A catastrophic biological event could have devastating consequences. The U.S. government has efforts to provide early detection and warning of biological threats. DHSs BioWatch, which aims to detect certain pathogens in the air, is one such program. DHS has been pursuing a third generation of BioWatch technology (Gen-... |
Section 1016 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Intelligence Reform Act), as amended, required the President to take action to facilitate the sharing of terrorism-related information by creating an information-sharing environment. In April 2005, the President designated a Program Manager—a... | Federal agencies and state and local governments have established field-based entities (e.g., centers and task forces) nationwide that share terrorism-related information, among other things. GAO was asked to assess these entities. This report addresses (1) the extent to which these entities are distinct, fragmented, o... |
In recent years, the scale and scope of for-profit colleges have changed considerably. Traditionally focused on certificate and programs ranging from cosmetology to medical assistance and business administration, for- profit institutions have expanded their offerings to include bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral level ... | Enrollment in for-profit colleges has grown from about 365,000 students to almost 1.8 million in the last several years. These colleges offer degrees and certifications in programs ranging from business administration to cosmetology. In 2009, students at for-profit colleges received more than $4 billion in Pell Grants ... |
Challenging economic conditions, a changing business environment, and declining mail volumes have contributed to USPS’s revenue shortfall and inability to cover its expenses and financial obligations. USPS has incurred 9 consecutive years of net financial losses and over $125 billion in unfunded liabilities as of fisca... | As broadband availability grows, Americans—including those in rural areas—increasingly partake in communications and services offered via the Internet. Some of these Internet services have changed how individuals use USPS. Though many factors influence use of postal services, understanding the relationship between broa... |
Depot maintenance is a key part of the total DOD logistics system that supports millions of equipment items, over 52,000 combat vehicles, 351 ships, and over 17,000 aircraft. Depot maintenance is a vast undertaking that requires extensive shop facilities, specialized equipment, and highly skilled technical and engineer... | GAO discussed the Department of Defense's (DOD): (1) plans for eliminating costly depot maintenance excess capacity; (2) progress in finalizing a new depot workload allocation policy; (3) current approach for allocating maintenance workloads for new and existing systems; and (4) estimates that billions can be saved by ... |
In August 1983, DOD established a joint task force called Joint Task Force-Bravo (JTF-B) of about 1,100 Army and Air Force personnel at Soto Cano (formerly, Palmerola Air Base), the Honduran military installation that houses the Honduran Air Force Academy. The presence was established to support various U.S. political ... | GAO reviewed whether the U.S. military presence at Soto Cano Air Base in Honduras is critical to current U.S. activities and objectives in the region, focusing on: (1) the cost of maintaining U.S. forces at the base; (2) U.S. objectives for regional economic growth and democratic reform; (3) drug interdiction activitie... |
Started in 1996, the Coast Guard’s Deepwater Capability Replacement Project is potentially the most significant and largest acquisition project in the agency’s history. The Coast Guard’s deepwater missions—that is, those missions beyond the normal operating range of shore-based small boats—include such actions as enfor... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the extent to which the Coast Guard has: (1) accurately depicted the need to replace or modernize its deepwater ships and aircraft; and (2) aligned the estimated cost of its Deepwater Project with its overall budget for capital projects. GAO noted that: (1) although the... |
TEA-21 authorized a total of $36 billion in “guaranteed” funding through 2003 for a variety of transit programs, including financial assistance to states and localities to develop, operate, and maintain transit systems. One of these programs, the New Starts program, provides funds to transit providers for constructing ... | The Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) New Starts program has provided state and local agencies with more than $6 billion in the last eight years to help design and construct transit projects. Although the funding for this program is higher than it has ever been, the demand for these resources is also extremely hig... |
Customs began ACE in 1994, and its early estimate of the cost and time to develop the system was $150 million over 10 years. At this time, Customs also decided to first develop a prototype of ACE, referred to as NCAP (National Customs Automation Program prototype), and then to complete the system. In May 1997, we testi... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the weaknesses of the Customs Service's Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) project. GAO noted that: (1) Customs is well over 2 years behind its original National Customs Automation Program prototype schedule; (2) Customs was not building ACE within the context of a... |
With the enactment of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 1980, the Congress created the Superfund program to clean up the nation’s most severely contaminated hazardous waste sites. The program was extended in 1986 and in 1990 and is now being considered again for reaut... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) efforts to encourage the development and use of innovative technologies at contaminated sites, focusing on: (1) whether EPA has identified innovative technologies that can be used at polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxin-... |
When legislative, administration, and agency actions, including those in response to our recommendations, result in significant progress toward resolving a high-risk problem, we remove the high-risk designation. The five criteria for determining if the high-risk designation can be removed are (1) a demonstrated strong ... | The federal government is the world's largest and most complex entity, with about $3.5 trillion in outlays in fiscal year 2012 funding a broad array of programs and operations. GAO maintains a program to focus attention on government operations that it identifies as high risk due to their greater vulnerabilities to fra... |
Our April 1996 report found that since deregulation, as expected, fares had fallen and service had improved for most large-community airports. However, without the cross-subsidy that was present when the industry was regulated, experts also expected fares to increase somewhat at airports serving small and medium-sized ... | GAO discussed the air service problems that some communities have experienced since the deregulation of the airline industry in 1978. GAO noted that: (1) not all communities have benefited from airline deregulation; (2) certain airports--particularly those serving small and medium-sized communities in the East and uppe... |
Pipelines transport roughly two-thirds of domestic energy supplies through approximately 2.5 million miles of pipelines throughout the United States. These pipelines carry hazardous liquids and natural gas from producing wells to end users (residences and businesses). Within this nationwide system, there are three main... | Pipelines are a relatively safe mode of transportation for hazardous liquid and natural gas and are regulated by the Department of Transportations (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and state entities. Included in the nations pipeline network are an estimated 200,000 or more miles of... |
In October 2004, Congress included a provision in the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 that required the Secretary of Defense to develop a comprehensive policy for DOD on the prevention of and response to sexual assaults involving members of the Armed Forces. The legislation requ... | In 2004, Congress directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to establish a comprehensive policy to prevent and respond to sexual assaults involving servicemembers. Though not required to do so, the Coast Guard has established a similar program. This statement addresses the extent to which DOD and the Coast Guard (1) hav... |
According to IAEA, between 1993 and 2006, there were 1,080 confirmed incidents of illicit trafficking and unauthorized activities involving nuclear and radiological materials worldwide. Eighteen of these cases involved weapons-usable material—plutonium and highly enriched uranium—that could be used to produce a nuclear... | In April 2005, the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) was established within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to enhance and coordinate federal, state, and local efforts to combat nuclear smuggling domestically and overseas. DNDO was directed to develop, in coordination with the departments of Defense (D... |
Wildland fires ignited by lightning are both natural and inevitable and play an important ecological role on the nation’s landscape. In addition to maintaining habitat diversity, releasing soil nutrients, and causing the seeds of fire-dependent species to germinate, fire periodically removes undergrowth, small trees, a... | Over the past two decades, the number of acres burned by wildland fires has increased, often threatening human lives, property, and ecosystems. The cost of responding to wildland fires has also grown, especially as more homes are built in or near wildlands, an area called the wildland-urban interface. Past management p... |
The growth in information technology, networking, and electronic storage has made it ever easier to collect and maintain information about individuals. An accompanying growth in incidents of loss and unauthorized use of such information has led to increased concerns about protecting this information on federal systems.... | The loss of personally identifiable information can result in substantial harm, embarrassment, and inconvenience to individuals and may lead to identity theft or other fraudulent use of the information. As shown in prior GAO reports, compromises to such information and long-standing weaknesses in federal information se... |
The major changes resulting from the 1998 Act that related to the UPU included (1) transferring primary responsibility for U.S. policy regarding the UPU from USPS to the Department of State and (2) requiring the Department of State and USPS to consult with private providers and users of international postal services, t... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed how the Department of State has implemented its new responsibilities for U.S. policy regarding U.S. participation in the Universal Postal Union (UPU). GAO noted that: (1) State faced difficult challenges in assuming its new UPU-related responsibilities less than a year ... |
Section 1423 of the Services Acquisition Reform Act of 2003 directed the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy to establish an acquisition advisory panel to (1) review all federal acquisition laws and regulations and, to the extent practicable, governmentwide acquisition policies, with a view toward ensuring eff... | A growing portion of federal spending is related to buying services such as administrative, management, and information technology support. Services accounted for about 60 percent of total fiscal year 2006 procurement dollars. The Services Acquisition Reform Act (SARA) of 2003 established a Services Acquisition Advisor... |
VA’s mission is to promote the health, welfare, and dignity of all veterans in recognition of their service to the nation by ensuring that they receive medical care, benefits, social support, and lasting memorials. It is the second largest federal department and, in addition to its central office located in Washington,... | VA relies on IT to meet its mission and effectively serve the nation's veterans. Over the past several years, the department has expended billions of dollars to manage and modernize its information systems. However, VA has experienced challenges in managing its IT, raising questions about the effectiveness of its IT op... |
Established by the National Housing Act, FHA administers several programs that support multifamily housing for low- and moderate-income families by insuring loans made by private lenders. Specifically, these programs insure mortgage loans for the construction, purchase, substantial rehabilitation, and refinancing of mu... | Each year, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures billions of dollars in multifamily housing mortgage loans to help construct, rehabilitate, purchase, and refinance apartments and health care facilities. However, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) lacks assurances that the lenders approved ... |
The first BRAC Commission was chartered by the Secretary of Defense in 1988, and operated in accordance with processes later established by the Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1988. Since that time, the BRAC process has changed in many ways, with a variety of requirements and pr... | Due in part to challenges DOD faces in reducing excess infrastructure, DOD's Support Infrastructure Management is on GAO's High Risk List of program areas vulnerable to fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement, or are most in need of transformation. Since 1988, DOD has relied on the BRAC process as a primary means of red... |
Subsets and Splits
Short Government Reports Sample
Retrieves short reports or summaries from the training dataset, which helps identify potentially incomplete or truncated entries that might need data quality improvement.
Short Government Reports Filtering
Retrieves short reports from the training dataset, providing basic filtering but offering limited analytical value beyond simple length constraints.