report stringlengths 320 1.32M | summary stringlengths 127 13.7k |
|---|---|
MDA’s mission is to develop an integrated and layered Ballistic Missile Defense System to defend the United States, its deployed forces, friends, and allies against ballistic missile attacks. This mission requires complex coordination and the integration of many and varied defensive components—space-based sensors; grou... | To more quickly field ballistic missile defenses, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) has been exempted from traditional Department of Defense (DOD) requirements development, acquisition, and oversight processes since its creation in 2002. Instead, MDA has unique roles and missions to develop and field weapon systems that... |
Since the early 1990s, state agencies and private companies have set up hundreds of residential programs and facilities in the United States. Many of these programs are intended to provide a less restrictive alternative to incarceration or hospitalization for youth who may require intervention to address emotional or b... | In October 2007, GAO testified before the Committee regarding allegations of abuse and death in private residential programs across the country such as wilderness therapy programs, boot camps, and boarding schools. GAO also examined selected closed cases where a youth died while enrolled in one of these private program... |
Experts who have conducted studies on the issue of physical and sexual abuse of nursing home residents have reported that it is a serious problem with potentially devastating consequences. Nursing home residents have suffered serious injuries or, in some cases, have died as a result of abuse. Nursing homes are required... | Often suffering from multiple physical and mental impairments, the 1.5 million elderly and disabled Americans living in nursing homes are a highly vulnerable population. These individuals typically require extensive help with daily living, such as such as dressing, feeding, and bathing. Many require skilled nursing or ... |
CBP maintains two overarching goals: (1) increasing security and (2) facilitating legitimate trade and travel. Disruptions to the supply chain could have immediate and significant economic impacts. For example, in terms of containers, CBP data indicates that in 2003 about 90 percent of the world’s cargo moved by contai... | U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has in place two programs to help address the threat posed by terrorists smuggling weapons of mass destruction (WMD) into the United States: the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) and the Container Security Initiative (CSI). In July 2003, GAO reported that thes... |
Justice is headed by the Attorney General of the United States. Along with INS, which controls the border and provides services to lawful immigrants, Justice’s other major components include the U.S. attorneys, who prosecute federal offenders and represent the United States in court; the Federal Bureau of Investigation... | To help carry out its mission to protect the public from criminal activity, the Department of Justice invests about $2 billion annually in information technology (IT). In particular, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), a Justice agency, invested about $459 million in IT in fiscal year 2002. GAO was asked ... |
Generic promotion and research programs funded through voluntary check-off contributions have existed at the local, state, and regional levels for more than 50 years. These programs were developed to expand the market for the agricultural products of a given industry. To facilitate better coordination across states, en... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on U.S. and foreign promotion and research programs that are designed to increase domestic and foreign sales of agricultural products, focusing on: (1) how U.S. check-off programs are planned and organized; and (2) how comparable marketing organizations in A... |
Although there have been fluctuations in its funding sources, FAA is primarily supported by the Trust Fund (82 percent), which receives revenues from a series of excise taxes paid by users of the NAS. These excise taxes are associated with purchases of airline tickets and aviation fuel, as well as the shipment of cargo... | Recently, the administration submitted a proposal for reauthorizing the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the excise taxes that fund most of its budget. FAA's current authorization expires in 6 months. The proposal calls for major changes to FAA's funding and budget structure that are intended to address concer... |
Development and humanitarian assistance is one of five parts of the International Affairs (function 150) budget that support U.S. government foreign assistance efforts. Development and humanitarian assistance includes State and USAID assistance activities, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the Peace Corps, Treasury... | The Secretary of State has made foreign assistance a pillar of the department's Transformational Diplomacy Initiative and has sought better policy coordination, planning, and oversight by establishing a Director of Foreign Assistance (F Bureau). Even though the U.S. Agency for International Development has been the pri... |
Tribal lands vary dramatically in size, demographics, and location. They range in size from the Navajo Nation, which consists of about 24,000 square miles, to some tribal land areas in California comprising less than 1 square mile. Over 176,000 American Indians live on the Navajo reservation, while other tribal lands h... | Indian tribes are among the most economically distressed groups in the United States. In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that the poverty rate among American Indian and Alaska Natives was almost twice as high as the population as a whole--27 percent compared with 15 percent. Residents of tribal lands often lack b... |
FPI is a wholly owned government corporation managed by the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) Bureau of Prisons (BOP). FPI was created by Congress in 1934 and serves as a means for managing, training, and rehabilitating inmates. Under the trade name UNICOR, FPI markets about 150 types of products and services to federal ag... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO: (1) developed and assessed statistics on Federal Prison Industries' (FPI) delivery performance; and (2) obtained the views of selected customer agencies' procurement officials on FPI delivery practices. GAO noted that: (1) FPI delivery performance is improving; (2) 8 of the 12 ... |
Long-term care comprises services provided to individuals who, because of illness or disability, are generally unable to perform activities of daily living (ADL)—such as bathing, dressing, and getting around the house— for an extended period of time. These services can be provided in various settings, such as nursing f... | Partnership programs allow individuals who purchase Partnership long-term care insurance policies to exempt at least some of their personal assets from Medicaid eligibility requirements. In response to a congressional request, GAO examined (1) the benefits and premium requirements of Partnership policies as compared wi... |
Consolidation loans differ from other loans in the FFELP and FDLP programs in that they enable borrowers who have multiple loans— possibly from different lenders, different guarantors, and even from different loan programs—to combine their loans into a single loan and make one monthly payment. By obtaining a consolidat... | Consolidation loans, available under the Department of Education's (Education) two major student loan programs--the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) and the William D. Ford Direct Loan Program (FDLP)--help borrowers manage their student loan debt. By combining multiple loans into one loan and extending the... |
The enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193) dramatically altered the nation’s system to provide assistance to the poor. Among many changes, title I of the act replaced the existing entitlement program for poor families (Aid to Families With Dependent Child... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Department of Transportation's (DOT) efforts to implement the Access to Jobs program, focusing on DOT's: (1) overall plan to distribute Access to Jobs funds among grantees in urban and rural areas; (2) criteria to award specific Access to Jobs grants to states, lo... |
Under the authority of the Arms Export Control Act, State regulates and controls arms exports by U.S. companies to help ensure that those exports are consistent with national security and foreign policy interests. This function has been delegated to DDTC within the Bureau of Political- Military Affairs. DDTC’s staffing... | To regulate the export of billions of dollars worth of arms to foreign governments and companies, the Department of State's (State) Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) reviews and authorizes export licenses and other arms export cases. While such reviews require time to consider national security and foreign p... |
An EHR is a digital version of a patient’s paper medical record or chart. EHRs ideally make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. An EHR can contain the medical and treatment history of a patient, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and l... | EHR interoperability is viewed by many health care stakeholders as a necessary step toward improving health care. However, interoperability has remained limited. Although the federal government plays a key role in guiding movement toward interoperability, many of the actions are to be completed by nonfederal stakeholde... |
LPTV stations, as indicated by their name, operate at lower power levels and transmit over smaller areas than full-power television stations. FCC established a licensing process for LPTV stations in 1982 to add to programming diversity and provide opportunities for locally oriented television service in small communiti... | In 2012, Congress authorized FCC to conduct an incentive auction of broadcast television spectrum whereby eligible broadcasters can voluntarily relinquish their spectrum usage rights in return for compensation. This auction will make spectrum available for new uses such as mobile broadband and will also potentially aff... |
Intellectual property is an important component of the U.S. economy, and the United States is an acknowledged global leader in the creation of intellectual property. However, industries estimate that annual losses stemming from violations of intellectual property rights overseas are substantial. Further, counterfeiting... | Although the U.S. government provides broad protection for intellectual property, intellectual property protection in parts of the world is inadequate. As a result, U.S. goods are subject to piracy and counterfeiting in many countries. A number of U.S. agencies are engaged in efforts to improve protection of U.S. intel... |
According to GSA, its Federal Technology Service, in conjunction with the IMC, is responsible for ensuring that federal agencies have access to the telecommunications services and solutions needed to meet mission requirements. Its current program to provide long- distance telecommunications services—FTS2001—has two goa... | The Genera1 Services Administration (GSA) has initiated planning for its next-generation telecommunications acquisition program, known as Networx, which will replace the current Federal Telecommunications System (FTS) 2001 for longdistance and international services. It will also replace contracts for wireless and sate... |
In our reports and testimonies, we suggested actions that if taken could improve compliance with the tax laws, assist taxpayers, enhance the effectiveness of tax incentives, improve Internal Revenue Service (IRS) management, and improve the processing of returns and receipts. The associated reports and testimonies are ... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO summarized its work on tax policy and administration during fiscal year (FY) 1995, including: (1) actions federal agencies took in response to its recommendations as of December 31, 1995; (2) recommendations made to Congress before and during FY 1995 that remain open; and (3) ... |
The U.S. Army has traditionally employed civilian contractors in noncombat roles to augment military forces. For example, civilian contractors were used extensively in the Korean and Vietnam Wars to augment logistical support provided to U.S. forces. LOGCAP was established by the Army in 1985 as a means to (1) preplan ... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Army's Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP), focusing on: (1) the extent to which the Army is using the program; (2) reasons for increases in the program's cost for the Bosnia peacekeeping mission; (3) opportunities to improve program implementation from a ... |
The Congress established VETS in 1980 to carry out the national policy that veterans receive priority employment and training opportunities. Faced with growing long-term challenges of new service delivery systems, an evolving labor market, and changing technology, VETS’ vision is to find innovative ways to maximize the... | Recognizing that the country's fragmented employment and training programs were not serving job seekers or employers well, Congress enacted the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) in 1988. One of WIA's goals was to create a one-stop center system to help unify the services provided by many programs and give states the flexi... |
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 created DHS, effective March 1, 2003, by merging agencies and organizations that specialize in one or more aspects of homeland security. Some of those specialties are intelligence analysis, law enforcement, border security, transportation security, biological research, critical infrast... | Department of Homeland Security (DHS) organizations are expected to work together to protect the United States from terrorism. To support this primary mission, DHS has been acquiring billions of dollars worth of goods and services. DHS also has been working to integrate the disparate acquisition processes and systems t... |
The Glen Canyon Dam was completed by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1963 as a multipurpose facility. It is the key feature and major storage unit of the Colorado River Storage Project. The Colorado River Storage Project was authorized in 1956 to develop and use the water resources in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The o... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO evaluated the Bureau of Reclamation's final environmental impact statement (EIS) on the operations of the Glen Canyon Dam, focusing on: (1) whether the Bureau's determination of the impact of various operating alternatives on selected resources was reasonable; and (2) key inte... |
FSA manages and administers student financial assistance programs authorized under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA), as amended. These postsecondary programs include the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program (often referred to as the “Direct Loan”), the Federal Family Education Loan Program (oft... | The Department of Education's Office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) administers more than $53 billion in financial aid for more than 8.1 million students. Since 1990, GAO has included student financial aid on its high-risk list. To address these and other long-standing management weaknesses, Congress established FSA as a... |
Colombia is the source of 90 percent of the cocaine and 40 percent of the heroin entering the United States. To assist the Colombian government in its efforts to implement Plan Colombia and reduce the cultivation and trafficking of illegal drugs, the United States has pursued a strategy emphasizing interdiction, aerial... | Since 2000, the U.S. government has provided a total of $3.3 billion to Colombia, making it the fifth largest recipient of U.S. assistance. Part of this funding has gone toward nonmilitary assistance to Colombia, including programs to (1) promote legitimate economic alternatives to coca and opium poppy; (2) assist Colo... |
An objective of DOD’s 1993 Report on the Bottom-Up Review was to identify potential infrastructure savings and to launch a long-term process to reduce and streamline DOD’s infrastructure without harming readiness. The report stated that infrastructure activities accounted for $160 billion in fiscal year 1994, or about ... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO: (1) reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) infrastructure activities and their associated costs in the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) to determine whether DOD plans to spend less for infrastructure activities by fiscal year (FY) 2001; and (2) summarized its work that i... |
VA is responsible for providing federal benefits to veterans. Headed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, VA operates nationwide programs for health care, financial assistance, and burial benefits. According to VA, in fiscal year 2009 the department received appropriations of almost $97 billion, including over $50 bil... | In fiscal year 2008, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) identified three material internal control weaknesses over financial reporting--financial management system functionality, IT security controls, and financial management oversight. VA is developing a new financial system--FLITE--but full implementation is not... |
Since 1998 VA and DOD have been trying to achieve the capability to share patient health care data electronically. The original effort—the government computer-based patient record (GCPR) project—included the Indian Health Service (IHS) and was envisioned as an electronic interface that would allow physicians and other ... | A critical element of the Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) information technology program is its continuing work with the Department of Defense (DOD) to achieve the ability to exchange patient health care information and create electronic medical records for use by veterans, active-duty military personnel, and thei... |
FERC has made few substantive changes to either its merger review process or its postmerger oversight as a consequence of its new responsibilities and, as a result, does not have a strong basis for ensuring that harmful cross-subsidization does not occur. To review mergers and acquisitions, FERC officials told us that ... | Under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA 1935) and other laws, federal agencies and state commissions have traditionally regulated utilities to protect consumers from supply disruptions and unfair pricing. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct) repealed PUHCA 1935, removing some limitations on the com... |
The pilot program was undertaken as part of the Air Force Materiel Command’s Manufacturing 2005 strategy, which envisions a future where an integrated military-commercial industrial base will ensure the Air Force access to superior technologies at dramatically reduced costs. As part of the strategy, the Air Force analy... | GAO provided information on the Department of Defense's (DOD) Military Products from Commercial Lines Pilot Program, focusing on the: (1) program's potential for achieving benefits sought from acquisition reform; and (2) barriers to achieving these benefits. GAO found that: (1) the pilot program has demonstrated that r... |
Over the past 20 years, DOD has been engaged in an effort to modernize its aging tactical aircraft force. The F-22A and JSF, along with the F/A-18E/F, are the central elements of DOD’s overall recapitalization strategy for its tactical air forces. The F-22A was developed to replace the F-15 air superiority aircraft. Th... | The Department of Defense's (DOD) F-22A and Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) programs aim to replace many of the Department's aging tactical fighter aircraft--many of which have been in DOD's inventory for more than 20 years. Together, the F-22A and JSF programs represent a significant investment for DOD--currently estimated... |
Since our last high-risk update, while progress has varied, many of the 32 high-risk areas on our 2015 list have shown solid progress. One area related to sharing and managing terrorism-related information is now being removed from the list. Agencies can show progress by addressing our five criteria for removal from th... | The federal government is one of the world's largest and most complex entities: about $3.9 trillion in outlays in fiscal year 2016 funded a broad array of programs and operations. GAO's high-risk program identifies government operations with greater vulnerabilities to fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement or the need ... |
In 2004, Medicaid HCBS waiver expenditures totaled $20.5 billion, with about 74 percent ($15.2 billion) devoted to supporting community-based care for individuals with developmental disabilities. About 40 percent (415,053) of individuals served through such waivers had developmental disabilities. Expenditures per perso... | Deaths of individuals with developmental disabilities due to poor quality of care have been highlighted in the media. Prior GAO work has raised concerns about inadequate safeguards for such individuals receiving care through state Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) waivers. CMS approves and oversees thes... |
The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (1) created the U.S. Sentencing Commission to develop a set of federal sentencing guidelines,(2) replaced parole with supervised release for postprison supervision, and (3) made probation a separate sentence. Prior to these changes, federal offenders could be sentenced to a term of pro... | GAO reviewed the trends in the number of federal offenders serving terms of community supervision during fiscal years 1990 through 1996, focusing on: (1) the growth of the total supervision population and any changes in the composition of that population by type of supervision; (2) the number of offenders who had speci... |
Of the $5.55 billion the Recovery Act provided to GSA’s Federal Buildings Fund, $750 million is being used by GSA for new federal buildings and U.S. courthouses, $300 million is being used for new border stations and land ports of entry, and $4.5 billion is being used for measures necessary to convert existing GSA faci... | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) provided the General Services Administration (GSA) with $5.55 billion to invest in federal buildings and promote economic recovery. This funding includes $4.5 billion to convert buildings to high-performance green buildings (HPGB), which seek to reduce e... |
The Department of Defense’s (DOD) lodging programs were established to maintain mission readiness and improve productivity. They were intended to provide quality, temporary lodging facilities and service for authorized personnel and to reduce official travel costs for DOD’s mobile military community. DOD’s lodging prog... | The military services primarily operate two types of hotels, or lodges, to support official travelers. The first, called permanent-change-of-station (PCS) lodges, support military personnel and their families moving to new duty stations. These are intended to provide military travelers and their families with a clean, ... |
Ten federal agencies participate in the SBIR program. Five of them—DOD, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Department of Health and Human Services and, particularly, its National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Energy (DOE), and the National Science Foundation (NSF)—provided over 95... | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO provided a final report on aspects of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, focusing on: (1) agencies' adherence to statutory funding requirements; (2) agencies' audits of extramural (external) research and development (R&D) budgets; (3) the effect of the appl... |
As of September 30, 2010—the end of the 2 fiscal years during which Recovery Act awards were made—NIH made more than 21,500 grant awards using Recovery Act funds. In August 2010, we reported that NIH used standard review processes—peer review or administrative review— and standard criteria to award extramural scientifi... | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) included $8.2 billion in funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be used to support additional scientific research-including extramural grants at universities and other research institutions. In 2009, the Acting Director of NIH testified t... |
OPIC was established by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-175, Dec. 30, 1969) to pursue the U.S. foreign policy of mobilizing and facilitating the participation of U.S. private capital and skills in the economic and social advancement of developing countries. In carrying out this responsibility, OPIC took ove... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed: (1) trends in private sector investment in developing markets and the role of the public sector in these markets; (2) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation's (OPIC) risk management strategy and the steps that OPIC may take, if it is reauthorized, to further reduc... |
Alaska’s location makes the United States an Arctic nation. Alaska has extensive maritime access, with over 6,000 miles of coastline, bordered by the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas; the Arctic Ocean; the Gulf of Alaska; and the Bering Strait, whose jurisdiction is divided between the United States and Russia. See f... | Decreasing seasonal sea ice has opened up Arctic waters for longer periods with resulting potential economic opportunities in commercial shipping, cruises, commercial fishing, oil, and mining. In light of the importance of U.S. efforts to effectively manage Arctic issues, GAO was asked to examine U.S. actions related t... |
Natural gas is a vital energy source used in a large variety of applications, providing about one-fourth of the energy consumed in the United States. Natural gas is a colorless, odorless fossil fuel found underground that is composed mainly of methane and generated through the slow decomposition of ancient organic matt... | Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, natural gas prices spiked to more than $15 per thousand cubic feet, nearly seven times higher than in the late 1990s. As a result, policymakers have increasingly focused on better understanding how prices are overseen. The prices that consumers pay for natural gas are composed of ... |
The TDRL was established under the Career Compensation Act of 1949 to allow for temporary disability retirement pay and benefits for any servicemember who would be eligible for disability retirement benefits, were it not for the fact that their disability was not of a permanent nature. In 1986, the law was amended to a... | Service members found unfit for duty due to a service-related illness or injury may be eligible for military disability retirement. When their disability is not stable, however, they may be placed on the military's Temporary Disability Retired List (TDRL) and granted temporary benefits for as long as 5 years. GAO was a... |
VA’s mission is to serve America’s veterans and their families and to be their principal advocate in ensuring that they receive medical care, benefits, and social support in recognition of their service to our nation. VA, headquartered in Washington, D.C., is the second largest federal department and has over 235,000 e... | In July 2004, GAO reported that the six Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers it audited lacked a reliable property control database and had problems with implementation of VA inventory policies and procedures. Fewer than half the items GAO selected for testing could be located. Most of the missing items ... |
Historically, as figure 2 shows, woodland caribou were distributed throughout much of Canada and portions of the northern tier of the United States. There are two varieties, or ecotypes, of woodland caribou—mountain and northern. The two ecotypes are not genetically distinct and differ only in the use they make of thei... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Caribou Recovery Program, focusing on the: (1) amount and source of funds expended on the woodland caribou recovery program; (2) results of the program, including the outcome of efforts to augment the population and the impact of the recovery efforts ... |
To manage major construction projects, DOE project directors in EM and NNSA are required to follow specific DOE directives, policies, and guidance for contract and project management. Among these is DOE Order 413.3B, which provides direction for planning and executing projects. To oversee projects and approve critical ... | DOE relies primarily on contractors to carry out its diverse missions and operate its laboratories and other facilities, with about 90 percent of its annual budget spent on contracts and capital asset projects. Since 1990, GAO has reported that DOE has suffered from substantial and continual weaknesses in effectively o... |
Information security is a critical consideration for any organization reliant on information technology (IT) and especially important for government agencies, such as NARA, where maintaining the public’s trust is essential. The dramatic expansion in computer interconnectivity and the rapid increase in the use of the In... | The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is responsible for preserving access to government documents and other records of historical significance and overseeing records management throughout the federal government. NARA relies on the use of information systems to receive, process, store, and track gover... |
We defined the financial services industry to include the following sectors: depository credit institutions, which include commercial banks, thrifts (savings and loan associations and savings banks), and credit unions; holdings and trusts, which include investment trusts, investment companies, and holding companies; no... | As the U.S. workforce has become increasingly diverse, many private and public sector organizations have recognized the importance of recruiting and retaining minority and women candidates for key positions. However, previous congressional hearings have raised concerns about a lack of diversity at the management level ... |
Following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the United States and other allied nations sent troops to the Persian Gulf region in Operation Desert Shield. In the winter of 1991, the allied forces successfully attacked Iraq in an air campaign and subsequent invasion by ground forces (Operation Desert Storm). Appr... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed data on the incidence of tumors among Gulf War veterans, focusing on: (1) the reliability of data sources available for determining the incidence of tumors among Gulf War veterans; and (2) the Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) and the Department of Defense's (DOD) us... |
A not-for-profit hospital conversion is a transaction that results in the shift of all or a substantial portion of the assets of a not-for-profit hospital to for-profit use. Most hospital conversions have been structured as asset sales; however, recently some hospitals have, for example, entered into joint venture arra... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the process that some not-for-profit hospitals have used in converting to for-profit status, focusing on: (1) the method used to value assets; (2) the process used to solicit interest and obtain bids; (3) the terms negotiated as part of the sales agreement, including pr... |
In 1983, Congress established DOT&E to coordinate, monitor, and evaluate operational testing of major weapon systems. As part of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), DOT&E is separate from the acquisition community that conducts developmental and operational testing and therefore is in a position to provide th... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) Office of the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation's (DOT&E) operations and organizational structure for overseeing operational testing, focusing on: (1) DOT&E's efforts and their impact on the quality of operational testing and ... |
Bankruptcy is a federal court procedure designed to help both individuals and businesses eliminate debts they cannot fully repay as well as help creditors receive some payment in an equitable manner. The filing of a bankruptcy petition in most cases operates as an “automatic stay” that essentially prohibits most credit... | There have been long-standing questions about a lack of comprehensive and reliable information on consumer bankruptcies. The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (Bankruptcy Reform Act) required the federal judiciary's Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC) to collect and report cer... |
The Park Service has about 5,200 housing units which include facilities such as detached single-family homes, multiplexes, apartments, cabins, dormitories, and trailers. These housing units are located in many of the 370 parks throughout the country—although about 70 percent of the housing inventory is located in weste... | GAO discussed its past work on National Park Service (NPS) employee housing issues. GAO noted that: (1) NPS has not clearly justified the need for all of its employee housing units; (2) the agency requires parks to perform needs assessments to justify its housing; (3) however, these assessments may not be in-depth, obj... |
Since 1872, Congress has set aside natural, cultural, and recreational park sites to leave them unimpaired for future generations. The national park system is now a network of natural, historic, and cultural treasures in 49 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and the Virgin Isla... | The National Park Service (Park Service) in the Department of the Interior (Interior) annually receives hundreds of millions of dollars in donated funds, goods, and services to support its 391 parks and other sites. But concerns have been raised about potential accompanying risks, such as undue donor influence, new lon... |
When used for personal identification, biometric technologies measure and analyze human physiological and behavioral characteristics. Identifying a person’s physiological characteristics is based on direct measurement of a part of the body—fingertips, hand geometry, facial geometry, and eye retinas and irises. The corr... | One of the primary functions of any security system is the control of people into or out of protected areas, such as physical buildings, information systems, and our national border. Technologies called biometrics can automate the identification of people by one or more of their distinct physical or behavioral characte... |
State annually receives over $400 million in appropriated funds for buying and maintaining buildings abroad. It also has legislative authority to sell its real estate and use the proceeds to buy or improve other real estate and furnishings without further congressional approval. State’s Office of Foreign Buildings Oper... | GAO reviewed the Department of State's excess or underused overseas real estate, focusing on: (1) property that potentially could be sold to provide funds for other real estate needs; (2) State's problems in determining which properties to sell; and (3) how State uses proceeds from real estate sales. GAO found that: (1... |
becquerels. materials decays over time at various rates. The term “half-life” is used to indicate the period during which the radioactivity decreases by half as a result of decay. Usually, radioactive material with high radioactivity is placed in a sealed container to prevent leakage of the material itself. Because of ... | Sealed radioactive sources, radioactive material encapsulated in stainless steel or other metal, are used worldwide in medicine, industry, and research. These sealed sources pose a threat to national security because terrorists could use them to make "dirty bombs." GAO was asked to determine (1) the number of sealed so... |
The overall goal of U.S. public diplomacy efforts is to understand, inform, engage, and influence the attitudes and behavior of global audiences in ways that support the United States’ strategic interests. U.S. public diplomacy efforts are implemented by several entities, including State, DOD, USAID, and BBG, and funct... | Public opinion polls have shown continued negative sentiments toward the United States in the Muslim world. Public diplomacy activities--led by the State Department (State)--are designed to counter such sentiments by explaining U.S. foreign policy actions, countering misinformation, and advancing mutual understanding b... |
The United States maintains more than 250 diplomatic posts, including embassies, consulates, and other diplomatic offices, located around the world. More than 60,000 personnel—U.S. and foreign service nationals— work at these locations. About 50 government agencies and subagencies operate overseas, including the Depart... | The 1998 terrorist bombings of the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, which killed more than 220 people and injured 4,000, highlighted the compelling need for safe and secure overseas facilities. In November 1999, an independent advisory group, the Overseas Presence Advisory Panel, said that thousands of Americans r... |
Foreign students interested in studying in the United States must first be admitted to a school or university before applying for a visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate overseas. DSOs use SEVIS to issue Form I-20s to students, which enable them to apply for nonimmigrant student visas.The Department of State (State) issu... | As of November 2013, about 100,000 of the approximately 1 million foreign students in the United States were approved to participate in OPT—an employment benefit that allows foreign students to obtain temporary work in their areas of study during and after completing an academic program. ICE is responsible for certifyi... |
HUD is the principal federal agency responsible for programs dealing with housing and community development and fair housing opportunities. Its missions reflect a broad range of statutory mandates, ranging from making housing affordable by insuring loans for multifamily projects and providing assistance on behalf of ab... | GAO discussed management and budget problems facing the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). GAO noted that: (1) weak internal controls, an ineffective organizational structure, an insufficient staff skill mix, and inadequate information and financial management systems have hampered HUD ability to carry ... |
Every state regulates the terms and conditions of insurance sold in the state and nearly all tax insurers. States require health insurance policies sold there to include specific benefits, such as mental health services, mammography screening, chiropractic services, and coverage for newborns. States use a variety of me... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the costs of state health insurance requirements, focusing on: (1) premium taxes on insured health plans; (2) mandated health benefits; (3) financial solvency standards; and (4) state health insurance reforms affecting small employers. GAO found that: (1)... |
To be prepared for major public health threats such as an influenza pandemic, public health agencies need several basic capabilities, including disease surveillance systems. Specifically, to detect cases of pandemic influenza, especially before they develop into widespread outbreaks, local, state, and federal public he... | Vaccine shortages and distribution problems during the 2004-2005 influenza season raised concerns about the nation's ability to respond to a worldwide influenza epidemic--or influenza pandemic--which many experts believe to be inevitable. Some experts believe that the next pandemic could be spawned by the recurring avi... |
As of September 30, 1997, the Navy reported that the value of its inventory was $16.8 billion. The Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) administers the Navy supply system and provides in-transit inventory management policies and procedures. The Command, through its NAVICP,initiates purchases and directs inventory move... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed selected aspects of the Navy's management procedures for controlling items in transit, focusing on the: (1) reported value and types of inventory in transit within and between storage and repair activities, vendors, and end users that were unaccounted for (or lost); and... |
For the purpose of the SBLF program, the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 defines qualified small business lending—as defined by and reported in an institution’s quarterly regulatory filings, also known as Call Reports—as one of the following: owner-occupied nonfarm, nonresidential real estate loans; commercial and indu... | The Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 established the SBLF and SSBCI programs within Treasury to enhance credit opportunities for small businesses. SBLF aims to stimulate job growth by encouraging community banks and community development loan funds with assets of $10 billion or less to increase their small business lend... |
The Social Security Act of 1935 authorized the Social Security Administration (SSA) to establish a record-keeping system to help manage the Social Security program, and this resulted in the creation of the SSN. Through a process known as enumeration, unique numbers are created for every person as a work and retirement ... | In 1936, the Social Security Administration (SSA) established the Social Security number (SSN) to track workers' earnings for Social Security benefit purposes. However, the SSN is also used for a myriad of non-Social Security purposes. Today, public and private sector entities view the SSN as a key piece of information... |
Based on federal managers’ responses on our four governmentwide surveys conducted over the past 10 years, performance planning and measurement have slowly, yet increasingly, become a part of agencies’ cultures. In particular, as shown in figure 1, significantly more federal managers today report having the types of per... | Over the past 15 years, legislative and executive branch reform efforts have attempted to shift the focus of federal government management from a preoccupation with activities to the results or outcomes of those activities. Based on over a decade of work in this area, GAO has found a transformation in the capacity of t... |
Biennially, the Judicial Conference, the federal judiciary’s principal policymaking body, assesses the judiciary’s needs for additional judgeships. If the Conference determines that additional judgeships are needed, it transmits a request to Congress identifying the number, type (courts of appeals, district, or bankrup... | The Judicial Conference of the United States, the federal judiciary's principal policymaking body, uses 1,500 annual weighted case filings per authorized judgeship (judgeship position) in a bankruptcy court as an indicator of the need for additional bankruptcy judgeships for that court. Total annual weighted case filin... |
Scientific research on and projections of the changes taking place in the Arctic vary, but there is a general consensus that the Arctic is warming and sea ice is diminishing. The U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that the annual Arctic minimum sea ice extent—which typically occurs in September each year—f... | The retreat of polar sea ice in the Arctic, as reported by the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center, combined with an expected increase in human activity, has heightened U.S. interests in the Arctic region. To supplement U.S. Arctic policy, the White House and federal agencies have issued Arctic strategies and plans.... |
Established in 1993, HUD’s Discount Sales Program seeks to expand affordable housing opportunities, help revitalize neighborhoods, and reduce the agency’s inventory of single-family properties in a timely, efficient, and cost-effective manner. Under the program, approved nonprofit organizations receive a discount when ... | In 2001, the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Inspector General reported on serious problems in HUD's Discount Sales Program, under which nonprofit organizations purchase HUD-owned properties at a discount, rehabilitate them, and resell them to low- and moderate-income homebuyers. The objectives of t... |
The American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) clinical care recommendations, which reflect the published research evidence and expert opinion, are widely accepted as guidance on what constitutes quality diabetes care. We selected for review six of ADA’s recommended monitoring services that can be measured using Medicare cl... | GAO discussed its recent report on preventive and monitoring services provided to Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, focusing on: (1) the extent to which Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes receive recommended levels of preventive and monitoring services; (2) what Medicare health maintenance organizations (HMO) are... |
All Medicare beneficiaries entitled to benefits under Medicare Part A or enrolled in Part B are eligible to enroll in Medicare Part D. Medicare beneficiaries who qualify for full coverage under their state’s Medicaid program, as well as Medicare beneficiaries who qualify for more limited Medicaid coverage, Supplemental... | To help the elderly and disabled with prescription drug costs, the Congress passed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) of 2003, which created a voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit (Medicare Part D). A key element of the prescription drug benefit is the low-income subsidy,... |
Since 2003, NRC has worked with agreement states and others to identify the radioactive materials that pose the greatest risk of being used to make an RDD, established additional security measures for these materials, and taken steps to ensure the increased security measures are effectively implemented. However, NRC ha... | Concerns have grown that terrorists could use radioactive materials and sealed sources (materials sealed in a capsule) to build a "dirty bomb"-- a device using conventional explosives to disperse radioactive material. In 2003, GAO found weaknesses in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) radioactive materials licen... |
The SRB program is authorized by 37 U.S.C. 308 to help maintain an adequate level of experienced and qualified enlisted personnel. The program authorizes bonuses of up to $45,000 to personnel in critical skills who have between 21 months and 14 years of active-duty service and who reenlist or extend their reenlistments... | GAO reviewed whether the Department of Defense (DOD) has effectively managed the Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB) Program. GAO found that: (1) the services have awarded some SRB to personnel in high-skill categories where a high percentage of the required positions are already filled; (2) in fiscal year (FY) 1994, 43... |
A rare pediatric disease, as defined by statute, is one that primarily affects children 18 years and younger and generally affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Some diseases affect less than a handful of children, while others affect many more. In many cases, no FDA-approved therapy exists for t... | Almost 7,000 rare diseases, most of which are serious or life-threatening, affect more than 25 million Americans. About half of all rare diseases affect children, and few of these diseases have viable treatments. To encourage the development of drugs to treat or prevent rare pediatric diseases, the Food and Drug Admini... |
In 1986, a report to the President on defense management concluded that the defense industry needed to promote principles of ethical business conduct, detect acts of procurement fraud through self-governance, and voluntarily report potential fraud to the government. The report noted that DOD awarded contracts worth abo... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Department of Defense's (DOD) Voluntary Disclosure Program, focusing on the: (1) extent to which defense contractors participate in the program; (2) amount of money that has been recovered under the program; (3) time taken to close disclosure cases; (... |
Information security is a critical consideration for any organization that depends on information systems and computer networks to carry out its mission or business. It is especially important for government agencies, where the public’s trust is essential. The dramatic expansion in computer interconnectivity and the ra... | The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a demanding responsibility enforcing securities laws, regulating the securities markets, and protecting investors. In enforcing these laws, SEC issues rules and regulations to provide protection for investors and to help ensure that the securities markets are fair and ho... |
Distinctions between cruise missiles and UAVs are becoming blurred as the militaries of many nations, in particular the United States, add missiles to traditional reconnaissance UAVs and develop UAVs dedicated to combat missions. A cruise missile consists of four major components: a propulsion system, a guidance and co... | Cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) pose a growing threat to U.S. national security interests as accurate, inexpensive delivery systems for conventional, chemical, and biological weapons. GAO assessed (1) the tools the U.S. and foreign governments use to address proliferation risks posed by the sale of t... |
Congress enacted GPRA in part to inform congressional decision making by providing objective information on the relative effectiveness and efficiency of federal programs and spending. In addition to requiring executive agencies to develop strategic and annual performance plans, and measure and report on progress toward... | Given record budget deficits and continuing fiscal pressures, the federal government must seek to deliver results more efficiently. The prior Administration sought to improve efficiency under the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) by requiring programs to have at least one efficiency measure and procedures for impro... |
The controversy over patients’ rights escalated in the 1970s, coinciding with dramatic advances in medical technology. The early legal cases concerned the “right to die,” testing what medical treatment can be administered in the face of a patient’s desire to die naturally, without artificial, life-prolonging equipment.... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the implementation of the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA), and the effectiveness of advance directives in ensuring a patient's desired care. GAO found that: (1) health care institutions and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) are gener... |
Ports comprise many different stakeholders, both public and private. Port authorities also may have jurisdiction over some or all of the geographical area of a port. The port authority can be an agency of the state, county, or city in which the port is located. In most ports in North America, the actual task of loading... | U.S ports are significant to the U.S. economy, handling more than 2 billion tons of domestic and import/export cargo annually. Since Sept. 11, 2001, much of the national focus on ports' preparedness has been on preventing potential acts of terror, the 2005 hurricane season renewed focus on how to protect ports from a d... |
In January 2004, the President announced a new “Vision for Space Exploration” calling for human and robotic missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Over the next two decades, NASA plans to spend over $100 billion to develop a number of new capabilities, supporting technologies, and facilities that are critical to enabl... | Cost-plus-award-fee contracts accounted for almost half of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration's (NASA) obligated contract dollars for fiscal years 2002-2004. Since 1990, we have identified NASA's contract management as a high-risk area--in part because of a lack of emphasis on end results. Congress asked ... |
The Army Reserve is composed primarily of citizen soldiers who balance the demands of a civilian career with military service on a part-time basis. During the Cold War, it was expected that the Army Reserve would be a force to supplement active forces in the event of extended conflict. However, since the mid-1990s, the... | The Department of Defense (DOD) cannot meet its global commitments without continued reserve participation. The Army Reserve provides critical combat support and combat service support units, such as medical and transportation units, to the Army. While Army Reserve members historically could expect to train one weekend... |
The Results Act requires annual performance plans to cover each program activity set out in the agencies’ budgets. The act requires the plans to (1) establish performance goals to define the level of performance to be achieved by a program activity; (2) express such goals in an objective, quantifiable, and measurable f... | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Department of Transportation's (DOT) performance plan for fiscal year (FY) 2000, focusing on: (1) the usefulness of DOT's plan in providing a clear picture of intended performance across the Department; (2) the strategies and resources that DOT will u... |
Large banking organizations in the United States generally are organized as bank holding companies, which are companies that can control, among other entities, one or more banks. Typically, a large U.S. parent (or top tier) bank holding company owns a number of domestic depository institutions that also engage in lendi... | Section 165(d) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires bank holding companies with $50 billion or more in total assets and nonbank financial companies designated by the Financial Stability Oversight Council for supervision by the Federal Reserve to prepare plans for their rapid and ord... |
The FSM and the RMI are located in the Pacific Ocean just north of the equator, about 3,000 miles southwest of Hawaii and about 2,500 miles southeast of Japan (see fig. 1). The FSM is a federation of four semiautonomous states and has a population of approximately 103,000 (as of 2010) scattered over many small islands ... | In 2003, the U.S. government approved amended Compacts of Free Association with the FSM and the RMI, providing for a total of $3.6 billion in assistance over 20 years. Given the countries' dependence on compact funding, GAO was asked to conduct a review of the use and accountability of these funds. This report addresse... |
Engaged employees are more than simply satisfied with their jobs. Instead, according to employee engagement literature, engaged employees are passionate about and energized by what they do, are committed to the organization, the mission, and their job, and are more likely to put forth extra effort to get the job done. ... | Research on both private- and public-sector organizations has found that increased levels of engagement—generally defined as the sense of purpose and commitment employees feel toward their employer and its mission—can lead to better organizational performance. GAO was asked to review recent trends in federal employee e... |
Digitizing health information has many potential benefits including reducing costs and increasing medical accuracy. One key example of digitized health information is an electronic health record (EHR). An EHR is a digital version of a patient’s paper medical record or chart. EHRs ideally make information available inst... | As a digital version of a patient's medical record or chart, an EHR can make pertinent health information more readily available and usable for providers and patients. However, recent data breaches highlight the need to ensure the security and privacy of these records. HHS has primary responsibility for setting standar... |
Because Medicare pays for a large share of health care throughout the country, its size and market power can help it to lead payment reforms in the rest of the health care system. Its use of financial incentives for reaching performance targets can, in effect, set standards that private payers may adopt. However, statu... | The Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 required that GAO examine private-sector initiatives that base or adjust physician payment rates on quality and efficiency, and the initiatives applicability to the Medicare program. This report provides information on (1) common themes among private entities wi... |
Public Law 108-18 was enacted after we reported on the results of our review of an analysis of the funded status of the Postal Service’s CSRS pension obligations that OPM prepared at our request. This act adopted the administration’s proposal that the Postal Service be responsible for funding the value of benefits attr... | The Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003 (the Act) required the United States Postal Service, Department of the Treasury, and Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to prepare proposals detailing whether and to what extent the Treasury and Postal Service should fund the benefits attributable ... |
As we have previously found, there is no single definition of transit- oriented development; however, research generally describes such a development as a compact, mixed-use, and “walkable” neighborhood located near transit. Transit-oriented developments are typically located up to a half-mile from a transit station (u... | From 2004 to 2014, FTA allocated $18.9 billion to build new or expanded transit systems through the Capital Investment Grant program. One of the key goals for many local governments when planning major capital-transit projects is to encourage transit-oriented development as a way to focus future regional population gro... |
Under NCLBA, SES primarily includes tutoring provided outside of the regular school day that is designed to increase the academic achievement of economically disadvantaged students in low-performing Title I schools. These services must consist of high-quality, research-based instruction that aligns with state education... | The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLBA) requires districts with schools that have not met state performance goals for 3 consecutive years to offer their low-income students supplemental educational services (SES), such as tutoring, if these schools receive Title I funds. SES are provided outside of the regular sch... |
In our June 2006 report, we found that DOD and VA had taken actions to facilitate the transition of medical and rehabilitative care for seriously injured servicemembers who were being transferred from MTFs to PRCs. For example, in April 2004, DOD and VA signed a memorandum of agreement that established referral procedu... | As of March 1, 2007, over 24,000 servicemembers have been wounded in action since the onset of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), according to the Department of Defense (DOD). GAO work has shown that servicemembers injured in combat face an array of significant medical and financial cha... |
IDT refund fraud occurs in the context of several inter-related issues: the vulnerability of personal information, thieves’ ability to exploit IRS’s current compliance model, and the attractiveness of IDT refund fraud as a target. Theft of Personal Information. To successfully commit IDT refund fraud, thieves must expl... | IRS estimated it prevented $24.2 billion in fraudulent identity theft (IDT) refunds in 2013, but paid $5.8 billion later determined to be fraud. Because of the difficulties in knowing the amount of undetected fraud, the actual amount could differ from these point estimates. IDT refund fraud occurs when an identity thie... |
Critical infrastructures are systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to our nation that their incapacity or destruction would have a debilitating impact on national security, economic well-being, pubic health or safety, or any combination of these. Critical infrastructure includes, among other things,... | Increasing computer interconnectivity, such as the growth of the Internet, has revolutionized the way our government, our nation, and much of the world communicate and conduct business. However, this widespread interconnectivity poses significant risks to the government's and the nation's computer systems, and to the c... |
Most of HUD’s housing assistance payments were timely—HUD disbursed by the due date 75 percent of the 3.2 million monthly payments for fiscal years 1995 through 2004. However, 25 percent of its payments were late, and 8 percent (averaging about 25,000 payments per year) were significantly late—that is, they were delaye... | The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides subsidies, known as housing assistance payments, under contracts with privately owned, multifamily projects so that they are affordable to low-income households. Project owners have expressed concern that HUD has chronically made late housing assistance pay... |
The military services and defense agencies, such as the National Security Agency and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, collect and use intelligence data—either in the form of photographic, radar, or infrared images or electronic signals—to better understand and react to an adversary’s actions and intentions. Thi... | Making sure systems can work effectively together (interoperability) has been a key problem for the Department of Defense (DOD) yet integral to its goals for enhancing joint operations. Given the importance of being able to share intelligence data quickly, we were asked to assess DOD's initiative to develop a common gr... |
This section provides information on (1) the types of wells and structures in the Gulf, (2) offshore leasing, (3) financial assurance requirements, (4) decommissioning requirements, and (5) oil and gas infrastructure installed and removed in the Gulf. Lessees drill wells to access and extract oil and gas from geologic ... | Oil and gas produced on federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico are important to the U.S. energy supply. Historically, most offshore production was in shallow water, but more than two-thirds of the more than 5,000 active oil and gas leases in the Gulf are now located in deep water. When oil and gas infrastructure is no lo... |
Agent Orange is one of several herbicides sprayed by the U.S. government in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s as a defoliant. It contains tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (dioxin), a chemical that the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have classified as highly toxic and ca... | Concerns about difficulties civilian employees of the U.S. government may have in obtaining workers' compensation benefits for medical conditions they developed as a result of their exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam led to GAO being asked to determine (1) what is known about the number of civilians who served in Viet... |
Since the 1960s, there have been significant advances in protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects in biomedical and behavioral research. The federal presence has grown in this area, establishing and enforcing regulations for protecting human subjects in federally funded and federally regulated research. HHS’... | GAO discussed the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) efforts to protect human research subjects, focusing on the prevention, monitoring, and enforcement activities of the National Institutes of Health's Office for Protection from Research Risks (OPRR) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). GAO noted th... |
Since the FSM and the RMI became sovereign nations, the U.S. relationship with the two countries has been defined by the original Compact of Free Association and the subsequent amended Compacts of Free Association. In 1986, the United States, the FSM and the RMI entered into the Compact of Free Association. This compac... | From 1987 to 2003, the United States provided economic aid to the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) through a Compact of Free Association. A previous GAO report found little accountability for the assistance provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior under this com... |
Subsets and Splits
Short Government Reports Sample
Retrieves short reports or summaries from the training dataset, which helps identify potentially incomplete or truncated entries that might need data quality improvement.
Short Government Reports Filtering
Retrieves short reports from the training dataset, providing basic filtering but offering limited analytical value beyond simple length constraints.