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during development , neuronal growth cones interpret a balance of attractive and repulsive cues present in the extracellular environment to find their correct targets . many phylogenetically conserved ligands and receptors that control axon guidance decisions have been discovered ( tessier - lavigne and goodman , 199...
the key role of the rho family gtpases rac , rho , and cdc42 in regulating the actin cytoskeleton is well established ( hall , a. 1998 . science . 279:509514 ) . increasing evidence suggests that the rho gtpases and their upstream positive regulators , guanine nucleotide exchange factors ( gefs ) , also play import...
the first report on atrial septal aneurysm ( asa ) was published by lang and posselt in 1934.1 since then , several asa cases and studies have been published in the literature . an asa is a congenital abnormality that is characterized by a localized bulging of the atrial septum into either or both atria during the ca...
an atrial septal aneurysm ( asa ) is a rare but well - recognized abnormality of uncertain clinical relevance . it is a localized bulging of the inter - atrial septum into either or both atria during the cardiac cycle . asa has been reported as an unexpected finding during autopsy but may also be diagnosed in livin...
both f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) and c-11 methionine pet / ct studies were done in a treated case of glioblastoma multiforme who was sent for evaluation of recurrence . apart from recurrence at the primary site a subependymal deposit was noted in the trigone of the lateral ventricle which was well demonstrated on...
a 10-year - boy post - operative , post - radiotherapy case of left temporal glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) was referred for f-18 flurodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography / computed tomography ( pet / ct ) to rule out residual / recurrent disease 6 months following completion of therapy . the fdg scan ...
the study of protein aggregation is a burgeoning field of research driven by the urgent need to elucidate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases , the desire to understand and mimic natures ' ability to create hierarchical complex nanostructures , and the necessity to understand and minimise product loss during th...
the thermal aggregation of the biopharmaceutical protein recombinant protective antigen ( rpa ) has been explored , and the associated kinetics and thermodynamic parameters have been extracted using optical and environmental scanning electron microscopies ( esems ) and ultraviolet light scattering spectroscopy ( uv - l...
. the lesion can present with a variety of clinical findings depending on the severity of malformation . interosseous avm often remains undiagnosed until a dramatic bleeding incident occurs , which is usually a result of dental manipulation . various treatment modalities have been described for treatment of high fl...
arteriovenous malformations of jaw are extremely rare conditions that can result in disastrous complications , if handled carelessly . although various treatment modalities have been advocated in the literature , there seems to be no complete consensus on a suitable treatment in these cases . this report highlights...
the sensitivity of screening mammography is decreased by the presence of dense breast tissue , as defined by the american college of radiology 's ( acr ) breast imaging reporting and data system ( bi - rads ) . published studies on hand - held breast ultrasound as a supplemental test to screening mammography in women...
objective : to assess the results of an initial round of supplemental screening with hand - held bilateral breast ultrasound following a negative screening mammogram in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue who are not at high risk for breast cancer.materials and methods : a retrospective , health insurance porta...
allgrove 's or triple a syndrome , which was later on named 4a syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by alacrima , achalasia , autonomous neuropathy and acth insensitivity among other features . the syndrome usually presents during the first decade of life with dysphagia , while other signs...
this report concerns two brothers aged 10 and 18 years with long - standing dysphagia that started at age three and six years respectively . they had been diagnosed as achalasia and treated accordingly . the appearance of additional symptoms and clinical signs required further investigations including abdominal son...
lipodystrophy broadly refers to a disturbance in the production , utilization , and storage of fat . lipoatrophy is a sharply defined disappearance of the subcutaneous fat , without exudative reactions or appreciable fibrosis ( marble and smith 1942 ) . lipoatrophy is divided into generalized , partial ( extensive ...
a well - proportioned face combines features that are balanced and symmetrical . any structural alteration that leads to facial asymmetry causes esthetical and psychological disturbances . lipoatrophy is one such condition , which results in loss of subcutaneous fat layer and manifests as a depression . although ...
systemic sclerosis ( ssc , scleroderma ) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the accelerated accumulation of extracellular matrix and by various immunologic abnormalities ( 1 ) . serum autoantibodies are helpful markers because they have been correlated with certain clinical features of ssc ( 2 , 3 ) . of the v...
scleroderma ( ssc ) renal crisis has been reported to be associated with anti - rna polymerase i and iii ( rnap i / iii ) antibodies in caucasians and the japanese . however , no report is available for korean ssc patients . here , we describe the case of a 65-yr - old female ssc patient who developed renal crisis ...
so we need exact evaluations that can assess stent positioning , adaptation of stent struts to the vessel wall or to exclude in - stent restenosis ( isr ) . angiographic computed tomography ( act ) is a new technique that provides a highest spatial resolution and high contrast resolution derived from a rotational acq...
objectivewe evaluated the feasibility of angiographic computed tomography ( act ) for visualizing stent material in patients who underwent intracranial or extracranial stent placement to treat atherosclerotic lesions or stent assisted coil embolization.materials and methodswe performed intrarterial and intravenous act ...
there is an epidemic of vitamin d deficiency , with over one billion people worldwide affected . our previously published uk data indicates that vitamin d deficiency ( 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25(oh)d ] < 30 ng / ml ) occurs in 91% of patients with diabetes , with severe deficiency [ 25(oh)d < 10 ng / ml ] in 32% of...
vitamin d deficiency is now recognized as a condition of increasing prevalence worldwide . vitamin d has an established role in calcium and bone metabolism ; however , more recently associations with vitamin d deficiency and risk of developing diabetes , diabetes complications , and cardiovascular disease have all be...
torsades de pointes ( tdp ) may occur as a consequence of acquired qt interval prolongation , resulting from the use of various medications , liquid protein diets , intracranial events , bradyarrhythmias , electrolyte disturbances , and hormonal disorders.1 - 4 ) because many cases of polymorphic ventricular tachycardi...
we describe a 64-year - old male patient with panhypopituitarism who experienced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) associated with long qt intervals . the panhypopituitarism developed as a sequelae of radiation therapy administered 20 years prior to his current presentation and was recently aggravated by uri...
precise fabrication of large areas of ordered nanoscale structures is essential for microelectronic and information technology , the broad scope of top - down processes , including conventional immersion lithography , extreme ultraviolet lithography , and soft lithography have been proposed to meet the demands of devic...
realizing the vast technological potential of patternable block copolymers requires both the precise controlling of the orientation and long - range ordering , which is still a challenging topic so far . recently , we have demonstrated that ordered nanoporous thin film can be fabricated from a simple supramolecular a...
in addition to a general decline in physical fitness , the aging process is accompanied by a progressive decline in perception , motor behavior , cognition , and memory functions [ 24 ] . therefore , the preservation of everyday life skills and the maintenance of independent living become increasingly important with ...
physical fitness is considered a major factor contributing to the maintenance of independent living and everyday competence . in line with this notion , it has been shown that several years of amateur dancing experience can exert beneficial effects not only on balance and posture but also on tactile , motor , and cog...
desmoid tumors ( dts ) , also known as aggressive ( deep ) fibromatosis or musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis , are a heterogeneous group of rare and benign soft tissue tumors caused by monoclonal proliferation of well - differentiated fibroblasts . these tumors are rare entities that account for only 0.03% of neoplasms...
abstractdesmoid tumors ( dts ) are a group of rare and benign soft tissue tumors that result from monoclonal proliferation of well - differentiated fibroblasts . since dts tend to infiltrate and compress adjacent structures , the location of dts is one of the most crucial factors for determining the severity of the d...
the clinical study by van der boogaard and colleagues recently published in critical care was designed to unravel some of the open questions regarding the pathophysiology of septic encephalopathy . the authors mimicked inflammation - associated encephalopathy by induction of experimental endotoxemia using escheria ...
the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of sepsis - induced encephalopathy remain elusive . the breakdown of the blood - brain barrier ( bbb ) is considered a focal point in the development of sepsis - induced brain damage . contributing factors for the compromise of the bbb include cytokines and chemokines , a...
hence , the diagnosis arrived at was to treat it with very affordable activator therapy followed by inexpensive fixed appliance brackets . habits play a significant role in improper development of dental as well as facial form , function and esthetics . moreover , it is known from child psychology that habits are m...
orthodontics from time immemorial has always been considered as the first speciality of dentistry . diagnosis and treatment planning from dr . tweed 's time always required extraction of four vital and functional premolar teeth . however , many patients , parents and general dentists have failed to understand that ...
several strategies are used to reduce blood loss , including preoperative embolization , intraoperative controlled hypotension , electrical coagulation , or local application of fibrin sealants or hemostatic matrix , which influence coagulation [ 13 ] . with usual contact methods involving electrocautery , such as mono...
backgroundadequate hemostasis in cranial and spinal tumor surgery is of paramount importance in neurosurgical practice . generalized ooze bleeding from the surgical walls cavity , coming from neoplastic vessels or nervous tissue , may be problematic . recent technical advances have dramatically reduced intraoperati...
chronic inflammation has been recognized as a process that can trigger cancer , due to the host immune response with local expression of cytokines , chemokines , adhesion molecules , and pro- and anti - inflammatory proteins that stimulate processes such as proliferation , survival , cell migration , and neovasculariza...
objective . the anti - inflammatory proteins annexin - a1 and galectin-1 have been associated with tumor progression . this scenario prompted us to investigate the relationship between the gene and protein expression of annexin - a1 ( anxa1/anxa1 ) and galectin-1 ( lgals1/gal-1 ) in an inflammatory gastric lesion a...
cardiac hypertrophy consists of an increase in myocardial mass that results in persistent pressure and/or volume overload.1 in myocytes , hyperplasia is limited because of the cells differentiated profile , that most closely resembles a short period of time that ends immediately after birth.1 the high prevalence of ven...
objectives : there is a direct relationship between the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) and a decreased risk of mortality . this investigation aimed to describe the effects of anti - hypertensive drugs on cardiac hypertrophy through a meta - analysis of the literature.methods:the medline ( via pubm...
littoral cell angioma ( lca ) is a recently described rare primary vascular neoplasm , unique to the spleen . this neoplasm has characteristic morphological and immunophenotypic features that distinguish it from other vascular splenic tumors . most of the cases described in the literature were lcas composed of mult...
littoral cell angioma ( lca ) is a rare primary splenic tumor that is difficult to differentiate preoperatively from other benign and malignant splenic lesions . most of the cases present as multiple nodules in the spleen . we report a case of large solitary lca of the spleen , an uncommon presentation . lca shou...
summarypoly(adp - ribose ) polymerases ( parps ) ( also known as adp - ribosyl transferase d proteins ) modify acceptor proteins with adp - ribose modifications of varying length ( reviewed in refs 13 ) . parps regulate key stress response pathways , including dna damage repair and the cytoplasmic stress response2,...
although surgical resection is the preferred treatment at the early stages and confers the best outcome , only a quarter of patients are diagnosed in the early stages of non - small lung cancer ( nsclc ) . lobectomy is considered the standard of care in t1 n0 nsclc due to a low rate of local recurrence compared with ...
abstractimaging is important in the decision - making process of how to treat a lung tumour , which ideally should be a multi - disciplinary team decision . imaging is important during radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) treatment with regard to optimal placement of the electrode , the immediate post - treatment criteria...
light transduction in microvillar photoreceptors is a canonical instance of phosphoinositide signaling ( devary et al . , 1987 ) , and in all species that have been examined to date , the photoresponse is accompanied by a large elevation of intracellular free calcium ( brown and blinks , 1974 ; ranganathan et al . , ...
in microvillar photoreceptors , light stimulates the phospholipase c cascade and triggers an elevation of cytosolic ca2 + that is essential for the regulation of both visual excitation and sensory adaptation . in some organisms , influx through light - activated ion channels contributes to the ca2 + increase . in c...
food and nutrition are basic human needs and providing them is directly related to food security . food security refers to peoples access to enough food at all times , in order to have a healthy and active life , which includes availability of enough healthy and nutritious food , and capability and assurance of obtai...
introductionfood security has been defined as the availability , stability , access and utilization of safe foods . diabetes has been known as one of the biggest health and medical problems throughout the world and is clearly related to lifestyle , and particularly , improper food consumption . the aim of this st...
clinical data suggest that male and female patients exhibit differences regarding the pharmacology and toxicity of medications1 and differ in their response to drug treatment , not only as a result of physiological differences , such as body weight , surface area , and extracellular and intracellular water , but also i...
backgroundmetagem is a wide gender - medicine project comprising post hoc and meta - analyses by gender of clinical outcomes , therapeutic approaches , and safety data from previously conducted observational studies to explore possible gender differences in real - life clinical settings . we report the results of the...
resin based dental composites are gaining a wide acceptance in today 's dental practice . in clinical practice the unreacted c = c bonds of the functional groups on the surface of a polymerized matrix will allow the monomer of new resin composite to bond , thereby improving adhesion . but , over time these material...
aim : to assess the microtensile bond strength of repaired composite resin that was surface treated by diamond point or silicon carbide followed by bonding using either only total- etch bonding regimen or silane coupling agent with adhesive resin.materials and methods : fourteen composite blocks were aged under deioniz...
in veterinary medicine , numerous mycotic agents have been reported to cause systemic infections , often affecting the central nervous system [ 16 ] . german shepherd dogs appear to overrepresented in this subset of veterinary literature , and are reportedly predisposed to opportunistic fungal infections . in current...
we report a systemic mycosis in a german shepherd dog caused by scytalidium spp . the patient presented for progressive cervical pain and forelimb hemiparesis . cervical computed tomography revealed lysis associated with multiple vertebrae and a soft tissue mass adjacent to the spinal cord , as well as prescapular ...
athletes either walk or run prior to executing specific skills ( panariello , 1991 ) . the gait is a complex movement which includes both the open and closed kinematic chain . therefore , the gait can be influenced by many factors such as age , the activity level , muscle activity ( bizovska et al . stastny et al...
abstractlots of athletic skills performed during practice or competition are initiated by the legs , where athletes either walk or run prior to executing specific skills . kinematic chains are used to describe the relationships between body segments and joints during movement . the aim of this study was to determin...
diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) remains a common complication in people with type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) . 39 , 55 , and 84% of t1d patients will develop dr after 10 , 20 , and 40 years of evolution , respectively [ 13 ] . the duration of diabetes and the glycemic control are the risk factors that are most closely related ...
aim . to determine the influence of age at onset of type 1 diabetes and of traditional vascular risk factors on the development of diabetic retinopathy , in a cohort of patients who have been followed up after onset . methods . observational , retrospective study . the cohort consists of 989 patients who were fol...
steven - johnson syndrome ( sjs ) is an infrequent and a severe form of erythema multiforme ( em ) . it can occur due to an adverse hypersensitivity reaction to drugs which results in skin and mucosal eruptions that can be potentially fatal . it is considered to be a less severe form of toxic epidermal necrolysis (...
in the contemporary era , use of drugs is the dominant paradigm of health care . the most quotidian drug used for fever and pain is paracetamol . although adverse reactions to paracetamol in india are rare , at times they can cause life - threatening situations . stevens - johnson syndrome ( sjs ) is one such pot...
improved neonatal care has contributed to increased survival among preterm and low birth weight ( lbw ) infants [ 1 , 2 ] . however , the risk for chronic conditions requiring a high degree of parental participation in the day - to - day care increases markedly with decreasing birth weight and gestational age [ 36 ] . ...
children born at term with low birth weight ( lbw ) are regarded growth restricted and are at particular risk of adverse health outcomes requiring a high degree of parental participation in the day - to - day care . this study examined whether their increased risk of special health care needs compared to other childr...
skeletal class iii anomalies are associated with maxillary retrusion , mandibular protrusion , or both [ 1 , 2 ] . it has been found that 65% to 67% of all class iii malocclusions were characterized by maxillary deficiency . in subjects with maxillary deficiency where the mandible is not markedly affected various t...
introduction . numerous devices have been introduced for correction of class iii malocclusion and maxillary deficiency . aim . to assess the dentoskeletal effects of miniplates combined with class iii traction in treating cl iii malocclusion and maxillary deficiency in growing patients . methods . this case d...
a myocardial bridge ( mb ) is a common coronary variant that occurs when one of the coronary arteries tunnels through the myocardium rather than resting on the epicardium . the prevalence of mb varies depending on the cohort studied , but invasive studies with intravascular ultrasound ( ivus ) and computed tomographi...
backgroundalthough a myocardial bridge ( mb ) is often regarded as a benign coronary variant , recent studies have associated mb with focal myocardial ischemia . the physiological consequences of mb on ventricular function during stress have not been well established.methods and resultswe enrolled 58 patients with mb...
gerd is usually characterized by symptoms caused by esophageal mucosal exposure to acidic gastric contents . the pathophysiology is related to failure of the lower esophageal sphincter ( les ) to act as a barrier to gastric reflux . the adequacy of les function is dependent on its pressure , total length and portio...
an estimated 10 billion dollars is spent treating gastro - oesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) in the usa every year . the present article reports a case of the safe and successful use of transoral incisionless fundoplication ( tif ) using the esophyx90 device in the surgical treatment of gerd .
the most common causes of large bowel obstruction ( lbo ) are colonic neoplasm , volvulus , hernia , diverticular disease and inammatory bowel disease . adhesions secondary to previous inammation or operation commonly cause small bowel obstruction , but are a rare cause of lbo . a 58-year - old man presented with s...
large bowel obstruction ( lbo ) is most commonly due to malignancy , volvulus , hernia , diverticular disease and inflammatory bowel disease . lbo due to adhesions is unusual . a literature review was conducted which revealed that only a few such cases have been reported . we report two cases of lbo secondary to ...
the ability to reach , grasp , transport , and release objects is essential for performing activities of daily living ( adl)1 . the adl that require large glenohumeral elevation angles like combing hair and reaching are comparable to abduction and forward flexion motions2 . this implies that rotator cuff ...
[ purpose ] an earlier study divided reaching activity into characteristic phases based on hand velocity profiles . by synchronizing muscle activities and the acceleration profile , a phasing approach for reaching movement , based on hand acceleration profiles , was attempted in order to elucidate the roles of ...
the goeckerman regimen is a unique combination therapy of ultraviolet b ( uvb ) light and application of crude coal tar ( cct ) for the treatment of psoriasis [ 1 , 2 ] . first introduced in 1925 , the goeckerman regimen remains one of the oldest , most reliable treatment options for patients with moderate to severe ...
backgroundthe goeckerman regimen remains one of the oldest , most reliable treatment options for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis . goeckerman therapy currently consists of exposure to ultraviolet b light and application of crude coal tar . the details of the procedure can be confusing and challenging to ...
quorum sensing ( qs ) is a key regulator of virulence factors and biofilm formation in gram - negative bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa . this qs system comprises a signal molecule , a synthetase to make this signal , and a regulator to regulate gene expression . several signaling molecules have been identif...
quorum sensing ( qs ) is a key regulator of virulence factors and biofilm formation in gram - negative bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa . microorganisms that inhabit soil are of strategic importance in the discovery of compounds with anti - qs properties . the objective of the study was to test the culture ext...
lateral patellar dislocation ( lpd ) is subject to a constant advancement of biomechanical understanding and treatment modalities . in recent years , it has become obvious that numerous risk factors have to be considered in clinical decision - making and that the understanding of an individual s anatomy is essential...
purposethe geometry of the tibial plateau and its influence on the biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint has gained increased significance . however , no quantitative data are available regarding the inclination of the medial and lateral tibial slope in patients with patellar instability . it was therefore the purpo...
a predominant question in neuroscience is how memory functions are supported by the central nervous system and what cellular processes are necessary . one focus of this research is on protein - dependent synaptic modifications that occur as a consequence of neuronal activity . signaling cascades activated at the ti...
memory consolidation requires transcription and translation of new protein . arc , an effector immediate early gene , and zif268 , a regulatory transcription factor , have been implicated in synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory . this study explored the temporal expression profiles of these proteins i...
pathologic response of tissue to asbestos in vivo gives rise to fibromatoma , granuloma and mesothelioma . we are attempting to develop a model system in vitro using human cells in order to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for these pathologies . within the first 12 hr of exposure to chrysotile , the...
adhesive capsulitis can be classified into three phases : freezing , frozen , and thawing . patients with the freezing phase are predominantly treated by drug therapy or injection therapy , or both . in many cases , patients experience imperfect treatment effects , which lead to prolonged disease duration of adhe...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of ultrasound measurements by analyzing the relative reliability and absolute reliability when measuring soft tissue thickness around the shoulder joint . [ subjects and methods ] eleven healthy young adults ( 22 shoulders ) participated in th...
acute tumor lysis syndrome ( tls ) is a constellation of metabolic disturbances that can develop in rapidly proliferating tumors , mainly hematologic malignancies , or more rarely in solid tumors after initiation of cytotoxic therapy . it is characterized by the release of large amounts of potassium , phosphate , and...
acute tumor lysis syndrome ( tls ) is a condition resulting from rapid destruction of tumor cells and subsequent massive release of cellular breakdown products . it has been described following the treatment of many hematologic and solid malignancies . however , spontaneous tls has rarely been described . here we r...
the mind is never passive ; it is a perpetual activity , delicate , receptive , responsive to stimulus . you can not postpone its life until you have sharpened it . whatever interest attaches to your subject - matter must be evoked here and now ; whatever powers you are strengthening in the pupil , must be exercise...
curricula for residents on rotations through intensive care units are necessarily abbreviated . the selection ( and omission ) of topics can be informed by assessment of perceived needs . a curriculum can not , however , be formed exclusively from the top - scoring needs . topics that are encountered exclusively ...
cutaneous metastasis can be defined as the spread of a tumor from the site of its primary origin to the skin . skin metastasis may be the first sign of an advanced cancer or an indicator of cancer recurrence [ 2 , 3 ] . up to 9% of patients with cancer may develop skin metastases , while metastasis may develop more...
cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are uncommon and occur in 0.6%10.4% of all patients with cancer . in most cases , cutaneous metastases develop after the initial diagnosis of the primary internal malignancy and late in the course of the disease . skin tumors are infrequent in asian population and cut...
gestational diabetes ( gdm ) , that is , carbohydrate intolerance first recognized and/or diagnosed during pregnancy , is the most common metabolic complication of gestation , with a prevalence estimated at around 14% [ 2 , 3 ] . obesity , family history of diabetes , and belonging to certain ethnic groups increase t...
background . medical nutritional therapy is the most important method for normalizing glucose levels in pregnancy . in this setting , there is a new problem to consider relating to migrants , their personal food preferences , and ethnic , cultural , and religious aspects of their diet . we compared maternal and f...
adequate cognitive functioning is essential for daily activities . when there is an insult to the brain , cognitive abilities can suffer , which , in turn , produce substantial medical and functional impairment . advances in neurobiology , circuit neuroscience , and clinical assessment technology are converging in ...
therefore , numerous methods are being used to reduce the total fertility rate in both men and women , especially in developing countries . most of the poorest countries , especially in sub - saharan africa , are characterized by rapid population growth ( 1 ) . it is estimated that half of all conceptions are unpla...
backgrounda bulk of contraceptives on the market is women - oriented today . the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a medicinal herb , acacia nilotica on various parameters of male fertility using a rat model.methodsmale wistar rats ( n = 40 ) were randomly divided in to two groups . one group recei...
recently , stem cell is the much - anticipated research area especially in cell - based therapeutic strategies,1 and we can obtain the stem cell from several tissues like bone marrow , umbilical cord , adipose and periodontal ligament.2,3 as already known , bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells ( bmmscs ) have sel...
purposethese days , mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have received worldwide attention because of their potentiality in tissue engineering for implant dentistry . the purpose of this study was to evaluate various growth inducing factors in media for improvement of acquisition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( bm...
in all patients with sepsis there is abundant activation of inflammatory pathways , which results in demonstrable circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines , activated inflammatory cells and other markers of increased inflammatory activity . these abnormalities range from subtle activation of coagul...
impairment of the protein c pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis . administration of recombinant human activated protein c ( rhapc ) may correct the dysregulated anticoagulant mechanism and prevent propagation of thrombin generation and formation of microvascular thrombosis . furthermore , it ma...
acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia ( aat ) is a rare disease characterized by immunologically mediated peripheral thrombocytopenia similar to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ( itp ) . however , in contrast to itp , there is selective reduction / absence of bone marrow megakaryocytes . though multiple sim...
mononeuritis multiplex involves inflammation of two or more nerves , typically in unrelated parts of the body . it has been well described in bleeding disorders like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ( itp ) and hemophilia . acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia ( aat ) is a bleeding diathesis characterized b...
obesity , hypertension , and metabolic syndrome ( type 2 diabetes mellitus ) are major and growing health problems and are known as high - risk factors for subsequent cardiovascular and renal complications [ 13 ] . obesity , hypertension , diabetes , and metabolic syndrome are intimately associated [ 46 ] , and sympa...
hypertension , diabetes mellitus ( especially type 2 diabetes mellitus ) , metabolic syndrome and obesity are rapidly growing public health problems . sympathetic nerve activation is observed in obesity , hypertension and diabetes mellitus , which have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants . reduced ...
expansion of a tandem repeat array is responsible for disease pathology in the repeat expansion diseases , a group of genetic disorders that includes fragile x mental retardation syndrome ( fxs ) ( 1,2 ) . in fxs however , it differs from the genome - wide microsatellite instability seen in diseases like hereditary n...
fragile x mental retardation syndrome is a repeat expansion disease caused by expansion of a cggccg - repeat tract in the 5 utr of the fmr1 gene . in humans , small expansions occur more frequently on paternal transmission while large expansions are exclusively maternal in origin . it has been suggested that expans...
struma ovarii is a rare monodermal ovarian teratoma composed predominantly of thyroid tissue.1 approximately 15% of all ovarian teratomas have a small non - significant focus of thyroid tissue . metastases of malignant struma ovarii occur in < 5% of cases,23 and frequent metastatic sites are the liver , peritoneum , ...
a 35-year - old woman was determined to have an ovarian cyst and underwent a right ovarian cystectomy at 10 weeks of gestation . a histopathological examination revealed follicular carcinoma arising in a teratoma . no evidence of metastasis was found after delivery . she underwent a total thyroidectomy , followed...
the use of proteomics as a systems biology tool in cancer research continues to expand in scope and depth , as it evolves rapidly into a universally applicable method for the investigation of practically any biological process . proteomics is particularly attractive to cancer research because the complexity of tumori...
proteomic approaches are continuing to make headways in cancer research by helping to elucidate complex signaling networks that underlie tumorigenesis and disease progression . this review describes recent advances made in the proteomic discovery of drug targets for therapeutic development . a variety of technical ...
there are growing clinical demands for controlled and sustained drug release systems to serve as implantable devices for patients with acute and chronic diseases . under these circumstances , it is not surprising that intelligent materials have emerged as a promising strategy for drug delivery . for example ,...
in this work , we introduce a free - standing , vertically aligned conductive polypyrrole ( ppy ) architecture that can serve as a high - capacity drug reservoir . this novel geometric organization of ppy provides a new platform for improving the drug - loading efficiency . most importantly , we present the...
it is well known that hearing levels progressively deteriorate with age which is the most common factor associated with acquired hearing loss . age - related hearing loss is prevalent in the elderly regardless of age , gender , or race . the prevalence of hearing loss is more than 50% in people older than 50 years ...
background and objectivesthe purpose of the present study was to provide the hearing threshold levels in the elderly korean population , and to compare korean data with that in the international organization for standardization ( iso ) 7029 ( 2000).subjects and methodsdata were collected from a total of 526 ears from 1...
neurofibromatosis type 1 ( nf1 ) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 3000 births . individuals with nf1 are predisposed to developing abnormalities in a number of body systems ; individually and cumulatively they can have a significant impact on quality of life . for example , sk...
neurofibromatosis type 1 ( nf1 ) is a genetic neurocutaneous disorder with multisystem manifestations , including a predisposition to tumor formation and bone dysplasias . studies over the last decade have shown that nf1 can also be associated with significant motor deficits , such as poor coordination , low muscle t...
mosquitoes can transmit more diseases than any other group of arthropods and affect million of people throughout the world . who has declared the mosquitoes as mosquito borne diseases are prevalent in more than 100 countries across the world , infecting over 700,000,000 people every year globally and 40,000,000 of th...
mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria , yellow fever , dengue fever , chikungunya ferver , filariasis , encephalitis , west nile virus infection , etc . under the integrated mosquito management ( imm ) , emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mos...
in total , we received six blackbirds , five owls , and one swallow for investigation . at necropsy ( estimated postmortem times between 24 h and 48 h ) , paraffin - embedded tissue samples were immunostained with a polyclonal mouse antibody to wnv ( b. murgue , institut pasteur , paris ) and a polyclonal rabbit anti...
during late summer 2001 in austria , a series of deaths in several species of birds occurred , similar to the beginning of the west nile virus ( wnv ) epidemic in the united states . we necropsied the dead birds and examined them by various methods ; pathologic and immunohistologic investigations suggested a wnv infe...
the recommended treatments for acne include topical medications and systemic use of antibiotics , hormones , and retinoids , according to severity . tretinoin or isotretinoin is very effective for the treatment of intractable acne but its use has been limited due to the potential for teratogenicity . topical photod...
backgroundto treat moderate to severe acne vulgaris , we developed an optical fiber imported intra - tissue photodynamic therapy : the optical fiber irradiation 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy ( ofi - ala - pdt ) . the aim of this study was to compare the treatment effect and tolerability of ofi - ala - pd...
tyrosine hydroxylase ( th ; tyrosine 3-mono - oxygenase ; ec 1.14.16.2 ; chromosome 11p15.5 ) , which catalyzes the formation of dopa from dopamine , is generally considered to be the rate - limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway ( flatmark and stevens 1999 ) . although a single - copy gene , th pr...
the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway consists of several enzymatic steps in series , beginning with the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine , and eventuating in the catecholamines norepinephrine ( noradrenaline ) and epinephrine ( adrenaline ) . since the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase ( th ; tyrosine 3-mono - oxygen...
the aluminum concentration and ryznar index increased and the ph decreased in a small appalachian water supply reservoir following acid precipitation runoff episodes . concomitant increases in tapwater aluminum and decreases in tapwater ph were also observed at two homes in the water distribution system . lead conc...
whilst rubella is usually a mild disease in adults and children , maternal infection with rubella , especially early in pregnancy , can cause severe defects in the developing foetus , resulting in congenital rubella syndrome ( crs ) . the constellation of anomalies of crs includes ophthalmic , auditory , cardiac , an...
setting . a nationwide study in fiji . objective . to describe the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome ( crs ) and its relationship to the incidence of notified cases of rubella in fiji from 1995 to 2010 . design . descriptive , retrospective review of all recorded congenital abnormalities associated with li...
primary hypothyroidism is a common medical condition , and may be a significant cause of morbidity if left untreated . the symptoms of hypothyroidism , including weight gain , constipation , fatigue , cold intolerance , hair loss , and poor concentration , can be debilitating . typically , the symptoms associated w...
objectivethe pseudomalabsorption of thyroxine has been used to describe patients with hypothyroidism who fail to comply with their treatment . we describe a unique case of a 32-year - old with hypothyroidism who developed pituitary hyperplasia and hyperprolactinemia secondary to the pseudomalabsorption of thyroxine....
for instance , exhaustive search becomes unreasonable as the number of variables increases ; employing a multiple regression search produces over one billion possible models for data with 30 explanatory variables . in ecological studies , one of the commonly used methods for selection is stepwise regression , with fo...
we implement genetic algorithm based predictive model building as an alternative to the traditional stepwise regression . we then employ the information complexity measure ( icomp ) as a measure of model fitness instead of the commonly used measure of r - square . furthermore , we propose some modifications to the ...
monilethrix is an autosomal dominant disorder of hair shaft with regular thinning of hair shaft with fracture of the hair shaft at constricted points , which is commonly caused due to human hair keratin hhb6 gene located on long arm of chromosome 12 . patients have short and fragile hair not requiring haircut since c...
congenital hypotrichosis may be due to a number of causes and may have multiple systemic associations . a child born of second - degree consanguineous marriage was found to have monilethrix as the cause of congenital hypotrichosis . a detailed systemic evaluation in the child revealed atrial septal defect and a hyp...
tobacco smoking is the most attributable and preventable risk factor for adult mortality and morbidity in japan.1 , 2 tobacco smoking has been confirmed as an independent risk factor for many disorders , such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases , with dose - response verifications.3 , 4 heavy smokers are more likely ...
backgroundfew studies have investigated differences in age- and gender - specific educational gradients in tobacco smoking among the whole range of adult age groups . we examined educational inequality in smoking among japanese adults aged 2594 years.methodsusing a large nationally representative sample ( 167,925 men...
autogenous bone is considered the best choice and the gold standard due to the presence of viable cells and its osteogenic potential . use of the host 's osseous tissue requires an additional surgical procedure and has some limitations ; in addition , it can not supply adequate graft material in multiple and extensiv...
objectives : the aim of this study was to histologically compare the regenerative properties of two allografts manufactured by two iranian companies.materials and methods : in this study , four 8-mm defects were produced in the calvaria of 12 rabbits . in three defects , three types of allografts namely itb , cenobone ...
deep sternal wound infection ( dswi ) is a rare but serious and potentially fatal complication after median sternotomy for cardiac surgery , with an incidence rate 0.5% to 4% and an associated mortality rate between 14% and 47% . presently , management of this problem is still controversial . some reports emphasize t...
abstractdeep sternal wound infection is a severe complication after open heart surgery . according to the different severity and dimensions of the deep sternal wound infection , the treatment method is different . in this study , we aimed to describe our experience with the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for la...
because of the exponential growth of available sequence data , the development of accurate computational strategies for functional site identification has become one of the most important post - genomic challenges ( 1 ) . although attractive owing to their relative simplicity , conservation - based approaches frequen...
miner is web - based software for phylogenetic motif ( pm ) identification . pms are sequence regions ( fragments ) that conserve the overall familial phylogeny . pms have been shown to correspond to a wide variety of catalytic regions , substrate - binding sites and protein interfaces , making them ideal functiona...
abetalipoproteinemia ( abl ; omim 200100 ) is a very rare hereditary autosomal recessive metabolic disorder of fat and fat - soluble vitamins absorption , which is caused by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( mttp ; omim 157147 ) deficiency and characterized by absence of plasma apolipoprotein b and ( apo b)-co...
abetalipoproteinemia ( abl ) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene ( mttp ) . abl is characterized by lack of lipids and apolipoprotein b ( apob ) in plasma , fat malabsorption and various clinical manifestations . we describe a 12-month...
pain management during transurethral procedures is a major concern . apart from the standard general anaesthesia , nevertheless , the administered type of anaesthesia is ultimately based on the anaesthesiologist 's decision . recently , local anesthesia with infiltration of the bladder wall or periprostatic nerve b...
we compared the analgesic efficacy of spinal and general anaesthesia following transurethral procedures . 97 and 47 patients underwent transurethral bladder tumour resection ( tur - b ) and transurethral prostatectomy ( tur - p ) , respectively . postoperative pain was recorded using an 11-point visual analogue sca...
an 18-year old male presented with recurrent palpitations associated with occasional presyncope for the preceding 3 months . nonsustained episodes of narrow qrs tachycardia with sinus pauses at termination were noted on the electrocardiogram ( ecg ) ( fig . holter monitoring showed sustained and nonsustained episod...
a young male presented with incessant narrow qrs tachycardia and left ventricular dysfunction . 24-holter monitoring revealed multiple episodes of sustained and nonsustained episodes of tachycardia with prolonged sinus pauses at termination . the analysis of the electrocardiogram , followed by an invasive electroph...
while trying to integrate multiple data sets collected by different researchers , we noticed that the sample names were frequently entered inconsistently . most of the variations appeared to involve punctuation , white space , or their absence , at the juncture between alphabetic and numeric portions of the cell line...
background : while trying to integrate multiple data sets collected by different researchers , we noticed that the sample names were frequently entered inconsistently . most of the variations appeared to involve punctuation , white space , or their absence , at the juncture between alphabetic and numeric portions of ...
angle class iii malocclusion has raised controversies among researchers concerning diagnosis , prognosis , and treatment . it affects 5% of the brazilian population , with a greater incidence in people of asian origin . in terms of etiology , this problem can have either a genetic origin , with a more unfavorab...
angle class iii malocclusion has been a challenge for researchers concerning diagnosis , prognosis and treatment . it has a prevalence of 5% in the brazilian population , and may have a genetic or environmental etiology . this malocclusion can be classified as dentoalveolar , skeletal or functional , which wi...
on reviewing with a detailed approach to titles and abstracts of articles eliminating duplicates , 40 relevant articles were considered . these articles were found in pubmed , science direct , scopus and google scholar from first reported tugse case till date were evaluated . randomized studies , review articles , ...
oral ulcers are a common symptom in clinical practice . among various causative factors , different types of ulcers in oral cavity exist . among this , traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia ( tugse ) appears to be quite neglected by the clinicians due to the limited knowledge and awareness . on rev...
vasospastic disorder ( vd ) is a relatively common disorder worldwide population , with a prevalence of 3.3% to 22% . episodic cyanosis , swelling , and pallor on the distal part of the extremities with cold exposure are the main characteristic features of this disorder . this disorder has female dominancy and is e...
backgroundassessing therapeutic efficacy and patient satisfaction objectively and quantitatively has always been a problem in patients with vasospastic disorders . we aimed to present the additive value of ultrasonographic assessment of peripheral arteries secondary to cold stimulation , as a test for treatment effic...
endophthalmitis caused by filamentous fungi has high ocular morbidity and is associated with a poor visual outcome . recovery of 20/400 or better vision is reported in less than 50% of patients , while up to 60% undergo enucleation.1,2 limitations of antifungals used in the management of filamentous fungal endophthal...
purposeto report outcomes of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis treated with combination of intravitreal antifungal agents.designretrospective , non - randomized , interventional , consecutive case series.methodstwelve eyes of twelve consecutive cases of filamentous fungal endophthalmitis were treated with a combination ...
cerebral watershed ( or border zone ) infarcts ( wi ) involve the junction of the distal fields of two non - anastomosing arterial systems , which are hemodynamic risk zones . there are two types of wi : cortical wi , occurring at the junction between cortical territories of the anterior , middle and posterior cerebr...
watershed infarcts ( wi ) evolve in hemodynamic risk zones . clinical picture of wi can be associated to partial epileptic seizures . diffusion weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) allows a clear diagnosis . wi pathogenesis involves either embolic or hemodynamic mechanism . a 69-year old patient pr...
dementia is closely associated with aging , and cognitive decline is common in the elderly . in 2010 , the number of people diagnosed with dementia was 35 million , and the population is projected to increase to 115 million by 20501 . at present , 8.87% of people in china are older than 65 years of age , and t...
[ purpose ] to investigate the effect of tai chi on cognitive and physical function in the elderly . [ subjects and methods ] a randomized trial design was used . a total 150 subjects were enrolled and were divided into tai chi and control groups . subjects in the tai chi group participated tai chi for 6 mo...
during february 2001september 2002 , we captured 344 wild mammals in an overflow area in a fauna - rescue program during construction of a hydroelectric plant in lajeado and ipueiras counties ( 94458s , 482123w ) in tocantins state , brazil . during this program , 269 capuchin monkeys ( cebus apella ) , 27 black - ho...
to detect orthopoxvirus in the brazilian amazon , we conducted a serosurvey of 344 wild animals . neutralizing antibodies against orthopoxvirus were detected by plaque - reduction neutralizing tests in 84 serum samples . amplicons from 6 monkey samples were sequenced . these amplicons identified vaccinia virus ge...
medicare is a federally administered social insurance program in the united states that guarantees access to health insurance for individuals aged 65 and older and younger individuals with disabilities who have worked and contributed to the system . in 2013 , while disability beneficiaries comprise 16.8% of the total m...
purpose : disabled individuals younger than 65 years are entitled to medicare coverage through the social security disability insurance ( di ) program , but only if they have completed a 2-year waiting period . this is the first study that uses longitudinal panel data , the health and retirement study , and examines ...
an increasing number of patients with chest pain are referred to the casualty department or the coronary emergency room ( cer ) to prove or exclude a potentially serious disease such as an acute coronary syndrome . the challenge lies in rapidly identifying patients who can safely be discharged from the cer . in add...
patients with chest pain have a large impact on available resources in coronary emergency rooms ( cer ) . clinical judgement , ecg , risk scores and biomarkers guide in risk stratification . we investigated if high - sensitivity troponin t ( hst ) and the heart score could contribute to risk stratification at the c...
hepatectomy is established as a standard of care for patients with resectable liver - limited metastases of colorectal cancer origin [ 1 , 2 ] . hepatectomy is also undertaken for a range of other malignant and benign conditions [ 3 , 4 ] . contemporary experience with techniques such as downsizing of tumours by ne...
objectives . this study is a questionnaire survey on the use of pharmacological agents to modify liver ischaemia - reperfusion ( ir ) injury in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases with the target population being those units participating in the livermetsurvey international registry . method...
the goal of the present study was to determine if the expression of metallothionein isoform 3 ( mt-3 ) might serve as a biomarker for human bladder cancer . to accomplish this goal , we defined the localization and expression of mt-3 protein and mrna using fresh and archival biopsy specimens obtained from patients unde...
the nevus of ota is a light bluish nevus on the unilateral face , which is congenital or acquired in adolescents , and often seen in asian females . malignant transformations are rarely observed in the orbit 1 and seldom seen among asians 2 . as the potential for local invasion or metastasis varies widely , strict ...
we present a patient with an animal - type malignant melanoma associated with the nevus of ota in the orbit who showed a good prognosis after a combination of orbital extirpation , chemotherapy , stereotactic radiotherapy , and gamma knife . a 42-year - old japanese woman presented with two tumors , one pathologically ...
the prevalence of type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) in rural regions is rising rapidly and has been a great challenge to the local health care programs . in china , large parts of diabetic individuals lived in rural areas , where resources to screen and treat diabetes and its complications were limited [ 13 ] . so far , the ...
objectives . type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) with ketosis was common because of late diagnosis and lacking adequate treatment in rural regions of china . this study aimed to provide the data of t2d with ketosis among inpatients in a south - west border city of china . methods . data of 371 patients of t2d with ketosis who ...
adipose tissue , once just believed a passive organ storing excess energy , is now considered a real endocrine organ , with an important role in the regulation of homeostatic systems . it secretes various proteins that can be classified into molecules acting on metabolic processes like glucose homeostasis and insulin...
aims . our group investigated albumin gene expression in human adipocytes , its regulation by inflammation and the possible contribution of adipose tissue to albumin circulating levels . methods . both inflamed and healthy subjects provided adipose tissue samples . rt - pcr , real - time pcr , and western blot anal...
specimens were collected and stored in 70% ethanol at 80c . dna isolation and amplification of partial fragment of mtcoi gene , purification of amplified pcr products , and sequencing were performed as earlier protocol using non - destructive techniques ( buckman et al . voucher specimens have been retrieved after...
south east asia pest thrips species , thrips parvispinus ( karny ) , is a serious pest on a number of agricultural and horticultural crops in a number of plant families . based on an integrated approach of morphology and dna barcoding , invasion of this serious pest is reported first time from india on papaya plantat...
scorpion envenomation is one of the main problems in the public health system in many countries in the world . this involves 2.3 billion inhabitants in the areas with the scorpion sting threat ( chippaux et al . 2008 ) . in 2008 , the annual incidence of scorpion stings was 1.200.000 leading to 3250 deaths ( chip -...
background : the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hemiscorpius lepturus venom on leukocytes and the leukocyte subgroups in peripheral blood of rat.methods:in this experimental study , sixty n - mari rats were divided into three groups of 20 rats . then the rats in each group were divided into four s...
solitary plasmacytomas ( sp ) result from monoclonal plasma cell proliferation but lack bone marrow involvement and m protein in serum / urine , seen in multiple myeloma . sp has been classified by world health organisation into solitary osseous plasmacytomas ( sop ) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas ( semp )...
plasma cell neoplasms result from monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells . solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas ( semps ) are rare and constitute 5% of all plasma cell disorders . semps most commonly involve upper aerodigestive tract . isolated spinal epidural space involvement by semps is extremely rare and t...
the relationship between the gonads ( ovaries and testes ) and the brain is complicated . it is not surprising that we still do not completely understand all of the effects of hormones on the brain or on seizures . reproductive hormones like estrogen , progesterone , and testosterone have profound effects on the br...
editor s note : there is not just one type of epilepsy . while some forms of the disease are characterized by convulsive seizures , others involve seizures that are barely noticeable . seizures can occur for many reasons : they can be caused by genetic mutations , injury , or infection early in life . in addition...
rsv in and its mutant forms were overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21 ( de3 ) and purified as previously described . the proteins were stored in aliquots at 80c in 20 mm hepes - naoh ( ph 7.5 ) , 1.0 m nacl , 20m zncl2 , 5 mm 2-mercaptoethanol and 10% ( w / v ) glycerol . the branched dna substrate mimicking the ...
integration of the reverse - transcribed viral dna into the host genome is an essential step in the lifecycle of retroviruses . retrovirus integrase ( in ) catalyzes insertions of both ends of the linear viral dna into a host chromosome 1 . in from hiv-1 and closely related retroviruses share the three - domain org...
a lot of species are vectors of viral , rickettsial , bacterial , and protozoal diseases of birds and mammals , including humans . identification of causative tick is important in making a diagnosis in tick - related dermatoses . in the republic of korea , hard ticks which belong to the family ixodidae are responsi...
a case of tick bite was found in the inguinal region of a 74-year - old korean woman . she was attacked by the tick while working in her vegetable garden in the vicinity of mountain located in suncheon city , the southern coastal area of the korean peninsula . on admission she complained of mild discomfort and itch...
hashimoto 's encephalopathy is a rare steroid responsive encephalopathy syndrome characterized by persisting or fluctuating neurologic and neuropsychological deficits associated with elevated blood concentrations of anti - thyroid antibodies . the classically described clinical manifestations usually include acute to...
hashimoto 's encephalopathy ( he ) is a rare steroid - responsive encephalopathy syndrome , which can have highly variable neuropsychiatric manifestations and can go unrecognized for a long time . he is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be kept in mind when evaluating a patient with a cognitive dysfunction and high t...
blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome ( brbns ) is an uncommon condition with multiple venous malformations of the skin , gastrointestinal tract , and other visceral sites including the liver , spleen , bladder , spinal cord , lungs , and bones . clinically , the lesions are characteristically blue / purple soft compressib...
blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome ( brbns ) also called bean 's syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by multiple cutaneous venous malformations in association with visceral lesions , most commonly affecting the gastrointestinal tract . we report here , a 21-year - old woman patient , who presented with unilateral ...
the etoac - soluble fraction obtained from a liquid liquid partition of the etoh extract ( 100 mg ) showed antiplasmodial activity . dereplication as previously described indicated that the extract contained at least one new bioactive compound , so a larger sample was investigated . fractionation of the etoa...
antimalarial bioassay - guided fractionation of an etoh extract of the root wood of cryptocarya rigidifolia ( lauraceae ) led to the isolation of the five new 5,6-dihydro--pyrones cryptorigidifoliols a e ( 15 ) and the six bicyclic tetrahydro--pyrone derivatives cryptorigidifoliols f k ( 611 ) . the struct...
the implication of inflammation in the development of cancers is well recognized . in the 19th century , virchow observed leukocytes in tissues that contained inflammatory infiltrates , which later on was confirmed in several clinical cases . however , these insights were not further examined until data collected fro...
liver cancer , primarily hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , is a major cause of cancer - related death worldwide . hcc is a suitable model of inflammation - induced cancer because more than 90% of hcc cases are caused by liver damage and chronic inflammation . several inflammatory response pathways , such as nf-b a...