id
string
question
string
choices
list
answer_key
string
source
string
22fef372-c042-4e3e-8e5f-4428cdb6e50f
In what stage of photosynthesis does the calvin cycle occur?
[ "first", "fourth", "third", "second" ]
second
sciq
017650a6-695c-4295-bc8d-bd4361bf7f4f
All of the planets rotate on their axes in the same direction that they move around the sun, except for which one?
[ "Jupiter", "uranus", "venus", "Saturn" ]
uranus
sciq
5ed7a2b8-1a3a-4111-b26f-227b0b4c9292
What is the process by which organisms change in small ways over time?
[ "adaptation", "spontaneous mutation", "microevolution", "natural selection" ]
microevolution
sciq
95ed72d8-192f-4f56-b59c-9b68399b08e4
What regulates the cell cycle only when they are tightly bound to cdks?
[ "cyclins", "hormones", "kinases", "subclades" ]
cyclins
sciq
9d53c4a2-02a0-4fbd-b98f-995b667ad372
Einstein developed a theory about how electromagnetic radiation can behave as both a wave and what else?
[ "bacteria", "energy", "particle", "sound" ]
particle
sciq
bcba8df6-1bc9-4ba2-869b-82241f37f28f
What type of proteins are only temporarily associated with the membrane?
[ "sensitive rod proteins", "visual membrane proteins", "peripheral oxidation proteins", "peripheral membrane proteins" ]
peripheral membrane proteins
sciq
15515df5-29b0-4b15-9482-a70d526f567c
Which organisms break down either organic or inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell?
[ "spicule organisms", "photoreactive organisms", "asexual organisms", "chemotrophic organisms" ]
chemotrophic organisms
sciq
46bac1d7-03a7-40dd-b7c8-4c9271f7ca6c
What are the things moving under the earth's mantle that move the crust?
[ "ridges", "plates", "lava channels", "crystals" ]
plates
sciq
8095fd8f-132f-42b4-8328-d0be0a7dab38
Although they look like big rocks, what structures that serve as habitats for many different types of ocean life are actually alive?
[ "southern reefs", "coral reefs", "new forming reefs", "natural reefs" ]
coral reefs
sciq
e3dfed22-8eba-4ee3-b8a8-2f9a8ed7ae56
What type of reactions are chemical reactions that release energy?
[ "biochemical reactions", "ozonic reactions", "exothermic reactions", "sulfuric reactions" ]
exothermic reactions
sciq
23e4cc48-72a8-400f-8c4a-7eb70920f3b7
Fossil fuels and coal are examples of what kind of resources?
[ "valuable", "reusable", "nonrenewable", "renewable" ]
nonrenewable
sciq
a74a01a5-4feb-4c92-92b0-ea9878baf7f0
What type of compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure?
[ "heterocyclic", "polymer", "hydrocarbon", "aldehyde" ]
heterocyclic
sciq
6b02076a-0047-4a83-ab5c-bd9b18954e08
What is formed when atoms of different elements combine in a chemical reaction?
[ "toxins", "dust", "compounds", "crystals" ]
compounds
sciq
5d5fa382-4e11-4d56-8665-2a168d15caef
What type of electricity is formed when a negative charge builds up and are transferred?
[ "static electricity", "neutron energy", "alternating current", "direct current" ]
static electricity
sciq
526b8a91-3e40-4bfb-ba69-472f048531f0
What important liquid is stored throughout the earth in the oceans, underground, and in ice?
[ "water", "lava", "oil", "air" ]
water
sciq
99536959-b991-44f2-8a4e-7fbc0fe5c2c1
What results when a warm air mass runs into a cold air mass?
[ "cool front", "rough front", "warm front", "dry front" ]
warm front
sciq
b5f98321-f9ed-414e-adf3-58f44a369182
Which type of double bond has a sigma bond and a pi bond?
[ "sodium - oxygen bond", "carbon-oxygen bond", "dioxide - oxygen bond", "Covalent Bonds" ]
carbon-oxygen bond
sciq
8c660a89-c553-436a-8d4d-1a7a5e842fec
Has the average annual temperature on earth been rising or falling for the past 100 years?
[ "fluctuating", "unchanged", "falling", "rising" ]
rising
sciq
105a2bb7-7d08-4439-b129-af827b22e564
The majoirty of modern gymnosperms belong to what group, which includes pine trees?
[ "stems", "Pinophytes", "clusters", "conifers" ]
conifers
sciq
49b3dc7b-2a28-4816-bec4-d8f0ebd714b3
A circuit must be what in order for electric devices such as light bulbs to work?
[ "closed", "cyclical", "down", "open" ]
closed
sciq
c84d57db-cd0b-45e0-8e79-67c735fc8171
What type of radiation from the sun reaches earth across space striking everything on earth’s surface?
[ "seismic", "static", "particle", "electromagnetic" ]
electromagnetic
sciq
01a57bc8-e0eb-4f7b-833e-4dea470db832
What happens if a catalyst runs out?
[ "variety increases", "variety slows", "reaction increases", "reaction slows" ]
reaction slows
sciq
a7d20719-38df-46f2-811d-19932d524103
What type of mammals are humans?
[ "placental mammals", "respiratory mammals", "somatic mammals", "marsupial mammals" ]
placental mammals
sciq
e2cd417d-f420-4008-aa4e-187f085add4b
The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion in two dimensions is a what?
[ "circle", "orbit", "radius", "parabola" ]
parabola
sciq
b3bb2bc1-48e5-48d4-a0a6-afb76ea69a78
The earliest cells were called what?
[ "eukaryotes", "carbohydrates", "microcytes", "prokaryotes" ]
prokaryotes
sciq
dffd4644-66eb-4eb4-b124-463971d26d46
Protists are the simplest of what?
[ "eukaryotes", "fungi", "plants", "prokaryotes" ]
eukaryotes
sciq
7567da2e-f3ba-4859-ae0c-e26ef08b586a
The measure of magnetic fields is named after a serbian physicist. what is his name?
[ "Niels Bohr", "Albert Einstein", "nikola tesla", "Carl Sagan" ]
nikola tesla
sciq
6575d549-f5f4-45db-abf2-9ab944f46971
Radon (rn) is a radioactive gas formed by the decay of naturally occurring uranium in rocks such as granite. it tends to collect in the basements of houses and poses a significant health risk if present in indoor air. many states now require that houses be tested for radon before they are what?
[ "built", "seen", "modified", "sold" ]
sold
sciq
adb1ab9a-eaa5-4935-bb3a-abda84b4a624
What state of matter takes neither the shape nor the volume of its container?
[ "liquid", "solid", "hot", "gas" ]
solid
sciq
162a2011-597e-4d45-b24e-41ee003b169d
Force times distance is the equation for what?
[ "power", "speed", "gravity", "work" ]
work
sciq
ef5e9cc5-091f-4611-a045-ea849b8687df
What is the name for a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average?
[ "puberty", "periodic table", "urinary cycle", "menstrual cycle" ]
menstrual cycle
sciq
c018a09c-4a8f-42b1-b8b2-62e87e78a6c9
What is the name of the iron-containing oxygen-transport protein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates?
[ "ferric acid", "platelet", "plasma", "hemoglobin" ]
hemoglobin
sciq
3210fbdc-c440-46b4-b97f-af2c36e24d99
What is the active ingredient in household bleach?
[ "magnesium", "oxygen", "iodine", "chlorine" ]
chlorine
sciq
55a65949-ba2d-4b42-b6ac-2b853d3b38e8
What are the membrane-bound organelles that are usually larger than vesicles and can have secretory, excretory, and storage functions?
[ "vacuoles", "tubules", "ribosomes", "nucleolus" ]
vacuoles
sciq
25ecd18d-4c0c-4d49-bad6-9e0b1375985a
What broad category of animals is primarily ectothermic and covered with scales that facilitate swimming?
[ "turtles", "deer", "armadillo", "fish" ]
fish
sciq
6a02553c-9a1f-4318-837e-2ac043448be9
What has two chains of nucleotides, one more than rna?
[ "fna", "dna", "mna", "gna" ]
dna
sciq
cae667f8-a182-4842-83ae-95910b702967
The axon terminates on muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction. acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a large potential known as an end plate potential. when the lower motor neuron excites the muscle fiber, it contracts. all of this occur...
[ "muscular system", "nervous system", "cardiovascular system", "respiratory system" ]
nervous system
sciq
fe942678-beaf-4c64-933d-c0a35e5497d9
Misconceptions about what theory contribute to the controversy that still surrounds this fundamental principle of biology?
[ "cycle of evolution", "brain of evolution", "theory of evolution", "darwin on evolution" ]
theory of evolution
sciq
0dc32ff9-13f8-4f67-bf7d-090ad9beec26
What device is used to stop a current in a circuit?
[ "a valve", "a signal", "a mirror", "a switch" ]
a switch
sciq
548c84da-ade4-45a9-89a7-b12917d26bf4
What oily substance prevents the hair and skin of living things from drying out?
[ "progesterone", "pancreatic enzymes", "sebum", "pus" ]
sebum
sciq
575cce52-5080-4142-9958-ba875ef72033
What two types of communication do both humans and birds use primarily?
[ "interaction and auditory", "sensual and auditory", "material and auditory", "visual and auditory" ]
visual and auditory
sciq
0bb0cef2-9332-45b3-b3a8-1b9325a49cf5
Eggs are produced in what organs and, upon fertilization, develop in what other organ?
[ "cervix, ovaries", "ovaries, uterus", "uterus, vagina", "fallopian tubes, ovaries" ]
ovaries, uterus
sciq
ac265491-7d17-43f4-bf81-923aba4f6bdb
The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and which other barrier?
[ "surgical", "biological", "physical", "independent" ]
biological
sciq
0ef0f848-28f5-4648-a524-549652f1b6ed
What is another term for nearsightedness?
[ "myopia", "anemia", "hypoxia", "astigmatism" ]
myopia
sciq
7adc5a0c-affc-4c27-92c3-bade99fd950f
Because all animals require an external source of what, they are called heterotrophic?
[ "water", "fuel", "energy", "food" ]
food
sciq
b03f0143-41e0-4293-ace3-85cf6f02ab64
What causes blue litmus to turn red?
[ "acid", "carbon", "oxygen", "base" ]
acid
sciq
a6c80ca3-2924-418b-a644-3857bd7c2cac
When fossil fuel is burned the chemical energy is converted into what?
[ "atmospheric energy", "natural energy", "kinetic energy", "thermal energy" ]
thermal energy
sciq
897afe10-c875-4029-88f4-5d68447e02b1
What two activities are especially important when a number of local populations are linked, forming a metapopulation?
[ "family reunions and emigration", "flow and emigration", "immigration and family reunions", "immigration and emigration" ]
immigration and emigration
sciq
834e6275-7d9b-4232-88b7-5f4f8a448d94
What is the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it has adapted?
[ "farmland", "habitat", "land mass", "ecosystem" ]
habitat
sciq
d63b5755-41aa-4ff0-8557-654c0ae2e10f
What kind of tests may detect substances associated with particular disorders?
[ "hormonal", "electrical", "genetic", "biochemical" ]
biochemical
sciq
0ae718de-6dc3-4308-a485-2d7bc37b9f49
Scientists think the solar system formed from a big cloud of gas and dust called what?
[ "supernova", "comet", "nebula", "Oort cloud" ]
nebula
sciq
94770cb7-a63f-4512-a333-7d18aec7a8e4
What are the largest phylum of the animal kingdom?
[ "arthropods", "Crustacea", "Pycnogonida", "Chelicerata" ]
arthropods
sciq
5633ca0b-428e-4257-9708-16cda5e84242
What is the name for a material that prevents the transfer of heat energy?
[ "physical insulator", "thermal condenser", "structure insulator", "thermal insulator" ]
thermal insulator
sciq
52c8df9d-63d8-4bcc-9c8f-a040a65b264e
What is a rock exposed to if it's undergoing metamorphism?
[ "gravity and precipitation", "humidity and pressure", "heat and pressure", "time and energy" ]
heat and pressure
sciq
d8a7e97f-cb16-4639-98e1-75c775a159cf
Water infiltrates the ground because soil and rock may have air spaces between the grains. these pores, or tiny holes, result in the rock's what?
[ "shine", "sheen", "energy", "porosity" ]
porosity
sciq
12c92e8a-c63b-42b0-bcbf-108b73f3f6f2
Work is done only if a force is exerted in the direction of what?
[ "gravity", "motion", "wind", "north" ]
motion
sciq
406348de-a5bb-4695-b988-b3aa780648f0
What is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism?
[ "cell", "proteins", "molecule", "atom" ]
cell
sciq
0b112c44-7619-45ec-b877-4f197f4435a1
All animals have specialized types of what basic structures, which can then do different jobs?
[ "cells", "muscles", "proteins", "atoms" ]
cells
sciq
8ce97c01-4634-49a8-b85a-fda2b2673199
What term describes the number of items in a given area or volume?
[ "fraction", "density", "alkalinity", "concentration" ]
concentration
sciq
3d686a62-1b16-4679-8adf-5fff13834a30
Birds are known for flying south in the winter to avoid what?
[ "hurricanes", "rain", "solar radiation", "cold weather" ]
cold weather
sciq
49661d2b-f559-4d5a-909b-c4d06c0fb633
The root system is usually anchored by one main root developed from what?
[ "nuclei radicle", "sperm radicle", "embryonic radicle", "organisms radicle" ]
embryonic radicle
sciq
75915cd9-5f78-4491-9ecc-f13a91deee8a
What type of learning is done from past experiences and reasoning?
[ "insight learning", "transformation learning", "consequence learning", "rational learning" ]
insight learning
sciq
524fd202-04fd-4d8b-b680-805c10a4d04e
Where is the pituitary gland?
[ "lung", "brain", "thyroid", "heart" ]
brain
sciq
2bd68f1a-67cc-4e86-8e53-74f727caa3fa
Which fungi eaten by people all over the world?
[ "fruits", "algae", "mushrooms", "legumes" ]
mushrooms
sciq
f3c0d8ac-8dab-4074-a9a7-05eb52566670
The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis; it is present on both sides of the leaf and is called the upper and lower epidermis, respectively. botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side this?
[ "abaxial surface (or abaxis)", "dorsal surface", "anterior surface", "posterior surface" ]
abaxial surface (or abaxis)
sciq
85afb1e4-8d62-40d9-bfb5-2e59cd77c95e
A small quake preceding a large quake is called what?
[ "preshock", "warning shock", "aftershock", "foreshock" ]
foreshock
sciq
0140e041-a6c3-4f9a-9d4f-7be14c509536
What do winter storms develop from at higher latitudes?
[ "humidity", "temperatures", "clouds", "cyclones" ]
cyclones
sciq
81690976-fb42-4629-9a94-d4481552458f
What is the only substance on earth that is present in all three states of matter?
[ "water", "mercury", "carbon", "air" ]
water
sciq
c530086d-55ae-43bd-b0dd-c6eab24b6ba6
What is essential for forming new genes?
[ "large mutations", "chromosome deversity", "enough mutations", "enough chromosomes" ]
large mutations
sciq
09324f85-24d0-41e9-ac86-cf6cdef088ea
What is fluid friction with air called?
[ "buoyancy", "air resistance", "gravity", "wind resistance" ]
air resistance
sciq
e6876c77-e3f2-4ad5-9aa1-6827db5e22d4
Plants produce their own sugars and other food molecules through what process?
[ "glycolysis", "photosynthesis", "hydrogenesis", "spermatogenesis" ]
photosynthesis
sciq
98e1774b-1847-4453-88dd-f90528d31fb8
What do fission reactors use to slow down the neutrons?
[ "control", "brake", "inertia", "moderator" ]
moderator
sciq
7ef0498d-6978-418f-bc40-6c770ca5eefb
What term is used to describe an unusual sound coming from the heart that is caused by the turbulent flow of blood?
[ "murmur", "whisper", "garble", "music" ]
murmur
sciq
5eccb583-7790-498d-8588-88d0fcf6fac1
Carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible in what type of fatty acids?
[ "oily", "unsaturated", "super", "saturated" ]
saturated
sciq
1ace1b89-fa8b-4e25-be5f-e7cab8efed1c
What kind of mouthparts do aphids have?
[ "piercing-sucking mouthparts", "chewing mouthparts", "sponging mouthparts", "siphoning mouthparts" ]
piercing-sucking mouthparts
sciq
e04a56d1-7d49-4a2e-b685-9a456d9b8f79
Sounds, chemicals, and visual cues are examples of what between animals?
[ "circulation", "communication", "migration", "procreation" ]
communication
sciq
31fe296a-124d-4f2e-87be-49ff70779792
What is pressure times area equal to?
[ "force", "mass", "volume", "density" ]
force
sciq
adfc85fe-b38d-4c37-9ded-6e0a369bc79f
What part of the kangaroo helps it balance when it leaps as well as when it sits?
[ "the pouch", "large feet", "the tail", "the spine" ]
the tail
sciq
b1ede09a-854b-4e5b-a886-0cc4a88c912c
What is the evolutionary history of a group of related organisms called?
[ "phylogeny", "ancestry", "superfamily", "lineage" ]
phylogeny
sciq
a5f0364b-c307-4bff-b74c-f470f459db19
What are specialized cells in the brain that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood called?
[ "osmoreceptors", "ionconcentrate", "staurikosaurus", "sporozoans" ]
osmoreceptors
sciq
b1ec29d2-58d6-441b-8751-96788aeb7615
Bones consist of four types of tissue, compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and what?
[ "periosteum", "collagen", "epithelium", "plasma" ]
periosteum
sciq
2dbdece7-8e89-4b9e-8bd1-97103a9cff7f
During adolescence, what causes most of the changes associated with puberty?
[ "estrogen", "nicotine", "testosterone", "methane" ]
testosterone
sciq
891f8c58-48c5-42fc-bd8b-a1edf0fa6322
What is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms?
[ "water", "carbon", "oxygen", "nitrogen" ]
oxygen
sciq
ca2d8dc0-a965-4ade-8926-475e113f4d08
Breeding in birds occurs through an internal type of what process?
[ "fertilization", "sedimentation", "stimulation", "segmentation" ]
fertilization
sciq
e92f610c-612d-43b4-8908-bfb0694f6269
In an endothermic reaction, what is absorbed by the reaction?
[ "atoms", "fuel", "energy", "food" ]
energy
sciq
feb6239a-de23-44d7-a545-075ce6df15a0
What scientist and monk is best known for his experiments with pea plants?
[ "aristotle", "steiner mendel", "charles darwin", "gregor mendel" ]
gregor mendel
sciq
fa22deda-12d7-4dd1-9e23-92edf52082d9
What are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands called?
[ "domes", "breakwaters", "fortresses", "dunes" ]
breakwaters
sciq
ee7a12cd-e4b8-4450-a502-27ec8dd97336
What leads to multiple copies of a chromosomal region?
[ "subtractions", "minimilizations", "gene modification", "duplications (or amplifications )" ]
duplications (or amplifications )
sciq
6036e672-f2ad-476f-bfbf-6429ed301879
The larger surface area of leaves allows them to capture more what?
[ "sunlight", "chlorophyll", "pollen", "molecules" ]
sunlight
sciq
745321e6-108a-4863-bf71-f555e8c0a929
What is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte?
[ "the zygote", "the chromosomes", "the sporophyte", "the sperm" ]
the sporophyte
sciq
b433be04-486d-4a0a-9fdb-ca6699749a7e
After passing through capillaries and being filtered, clean blood leaves what organ through a vein?
[ "kidney", "pancreas", "liver", "heart" ]
kidney
sciq
876a3a62-bc7e-4b98-983f-bafbe375b102
What kind of medical intervention seeks to eradicate diseases like polio and measles?
[ "nutrition", "vaccination", "malnutrition", "surgical intervention" ]
vaccination
sciq
de593bab-ed9c-49a9-acaa-ab1149e29342
The ostrich, kiwi, rhea, cassowary, and moa are examples of what kind of birds?
[ "predators", "raptors", "flightless", "prehistoric" ]
flightless
sciq
3d48cd33-f332-457e-9b3b-3d7ab7b4ebaa
What occurs when individuals of different species strive for a limited resource in the same area?
[ "vegetal competition", "asexual competition", "interspecific competition", "intraspecific competition" ]
interspecific competition
sciq
5f7a0a97-5bf1-431f-8603-3c612451f057
Most fungi reproduce asexually by producing what?
[ "toxins", "ions", "spores", "seeds" ]
spores
sciq
e87b6a47-57ac-408e-8fde-2f483fc3403f
Alchemists, as early as the eighth century, knew nitric acid as aqua fortis, which means?
[ "applied water", "isolated water", "strong water", "clean water" ]
strong water
sciq
48bf5902-f043-4138-81d7-612d565f0392
Particles of sand and what other substance are carried by longshore drift?
[ "bone", "rock", "soil", "magma" ]
rock
sciq
83603410-5026-4331-a36b-2247d3eb43f8
Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have what type of fertilization?
[ "additional", "internal", "external", "mechanical" ]
internal
sciq
c6daff6a-fec9-40ff-afc1-1617c11570a8
What is type of substance is formed when water vapor condenses or when ice melts?
[ "liquid water", "toxic water", "gaseous water", "chemical water" ]
liquid water
sciq
c7be1eb5-082a-48fb-a558-82224d91f692
What occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet?
[ "aeration earthquakes", "ejecta earthquakes", "intraplate earthquakes", "volcanos" ]
intraplate earthquakes
sciq