Name stringlengths 2 57 | Description stringlengths 207 4.68k | References stringlengths 98 4.83k | Kill Chain stringclasses 14
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Direct Cloud VM Connections | Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud API](https://attack.... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/008 external_id: T1021.008 source_name: EC2 Instance Connect description: AWS. (2023, June 2). Connect using EC2 Instance Connect. Retrieved June 2, 2023. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-connect-method... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
System Binary Proxy Execution | Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already native in the operating ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218 external_id: T1218 source_name: GTFO split description: GTFOBins. (2020, November 13). split. Retrieved April 18, 2022. url: https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/split/ source_name: LOLBAS Project description: Oddvar Moe et al. (2022, ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Timestomp | Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. This is done, for example, on files that have been modified or create... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006 external_id: T1070.006 source_name: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques description: Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016. url: http://windowsir.blogspot.com/20... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Reflective Code Loading | Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads. Reflective loading involves allocating then executing payloads directly within the memory of the process, vice creating a thread or process backed by a file path on disk (e.g., [Shared Modules](https://attack.... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1620 external_id: T1620 source_name: 00sec Droppers description: 0x00pico. (2017, September 25). Super-Stealthy Droppers. Retrieved October 4, 2021. url: https://0x00sec.org/t/super-stealthy-droppers/3715 source_name: S1 Custom Shellcode To... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Wi-Fi Discovery | Adversaries may search for information about Wi-Fi networks, such as network names and passwords, on compromised systems. Adversaries may use Wi-Fi information as part of [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087), [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018), and other disco... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/002 external_id: T1016.002 source_name: Binary Defense Emotes Wi-Fi Spreader description: Binary Defense. (n.d.). Emotet Evolves With new Wi-Fi Spreader. Retrieved September 8, 2023. url: https://www.binarydefense.com/resources/blog/emotet... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Ignore Process Interrupts | Adversaries may evade defensive mechanisms by executing commands that hide from process interrupt signals. Many operating systems use signals to deliver messages to control process behavior. Command interpreters often include specific commands/flags that ignore errors and other hangups, such as when the user of the act... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/011 external_id: T1564.011 source_name: Linux Signal Man description: Linux man-pages. (2023, April 3). signal(7). Retrieved August 30, 2023. url: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html source_name: nohup Linux Man descri... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Escape to Host | Adversaries may break out of a container to gain access to the underlying host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized resources from the host level or to the host itself. In principle, containerized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the hos... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611 external_id: T1611 source_name: Container Escape description: 0xn3va. (n.d.). Escaping. Retrieved May 27, 2022. url: https://0xn3va.gitbook.io/cheat-sheets/container/escaping source_name: Windows Server Containers Are Open description... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Shortcut Modification | Adversaries may create or modify shortcuts that can execute a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are used to reference other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process.
Adversaries may abuse shortcuts in the ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009 external_id: T1547.009 source_name: Shortcut for Persistence description: Elastic. (n.d.). Shortcut File Written or Modified for Persistence. Retrieved June 1, 2022. url: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/7.17/shortcut-file-wri... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Application Window Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010 external_id: T1010 source_name: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020 description: ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorge... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Email Account | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists)
In on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the<code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/003 external_id: T1087.003 source_name: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists description: Microsoft. (2020, February 7). Address lists in Exchange Server. Retrieved March 26, 2020. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/email-addresses... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Time Based Evasion | Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock, as well as the use of timers or other triggers to avoid a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox, specifically tho... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/003 external_id: T1497.003 source_name: Deloitte Environment Awareness description: Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021. url: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
CMSTP | Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/003 external_id: T1218.003 source_name: Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018 description: Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018. url: https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146 ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
SSH Hijacking | Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001 external_id: T1563.001 source_name: Slideshare Abusing SSH description: Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018. url: https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-1... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Disable Windows Event Logging | Adversaries may disable Windows event logging to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows event logs record user and system activity such as login attempts, process creation, and much more.(Citation: Windows Log Events) This data is used by security tools and analysts to generate detections.
... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/002 external_id: T1562.002 source_name: Disable_Win_Event_Logging description: dmcxblue. (n.d.). Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved September 10, 2021. url: https://dmcxblue.gitbook.io/red-team-notes-2-0/red-team-techniques/defense-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Scheduled Transfer | Adversaries may schedule data exfiltration to be performed only at certain times of day or at certain intervals. This could be done to blend traffic patterns with normal activity or availability.
When scheduled exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1029 external_id: T1029 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
SMB/Windows Admin Shares | Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.
SMB is a file, printer, and serial port sharing protocol for Windows machines on the same network or do... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002 external_id: T1021.002 source_name: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence description: French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker’s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019. url: https://medium.com/threatpunter/detect... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Implant Internal Image | Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be implanted or bac... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1525 external_id: T1525 source_name: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019 description: Rhino Labs. (2019, August). Exploiting AWS ECR and ECS with the Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019. url: https:/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Protocol Tunneling | Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572 external_id: T1572 source_name: SSH Tunneling description: SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH tunnel. Retrieved March 15, 2020. url: https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling source_name: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19 description: Gatlan, S. (2019, July 3). Ne... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Control Panel | Adversaries may abuse control.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. The Windows Control Panel process binary (control.exe) handles execution of Control Panel items, which are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings.
Control Panel items are registered executable (.exe) or Control Panel (... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002 external_id: T1218.002 source_name: Microsoft Implementing CPL description: M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018. url: https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx source_name:... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Network Address Translation Traversal | Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by modifying a network device’s Network Address Translation (NAT) configuration. Malicious modifications to NAT may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.
Network devices such as routers and firewal... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599/001 external_id: T1599.001 source_name: RFC1918 description: IETF Network Working Group. (1996, February). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Network | enterprise-attack |
Upload Tool | Adversaries may upload tools to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. Tools can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002 external_id: T1608.002 source_name: Dell TG-3390 description: Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018. url: https... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Security Support Provider | Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-o... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/005 external_id: T1547.005 source_name: Graeber 2014 description: Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017. url: http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Use Alternate Authentication Material | Adversaries may use alternate authentication material, such as password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and application access tokens, in order to move laterally within an environment and bypass normal system access controls.
Authentication processes generally require a valid identity (e.g., username) along with one or mor... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550 external_id: T1550 source_name: TechNet Audit Policy description: Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx source_name: NIST Authe... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Threat Intel Vendors | Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redact... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001 external_id: T1597.001 source_name: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds description: Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium | Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF)... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011 external_id: T1011 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Network Device Configuration Dump | Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configur... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/002 external_id: T1602.002 source_name: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018 description: US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Network | enterprise-attack |
Gather Victim Identity Information | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's identity that can be used during targeting. Information about identities may include a variety of details, including personal data (ex: employee names, email addresses, security question responses, etc.) as well as sensitive details such as credentials or multi-fact... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589 external_id: T1589 source_name: OPM Leak description: Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/ source_name: Detectify Sl... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Disable or Modify System Firewall | Adversaries may disable or modify system firewalls in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Changes could be disabling the entire mechanism as well as adding, deleting, or modifying particular rules. This can be done numerous ways depending on the operating system, including via command-line, editing Windows... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004 external_id: T1562.004 source_name: Huntress BlackCat description: Carvey, H. (2024, February 28). BlackCat Ransomware Affiliate TTPs. Retrieved March 27, 2024. url: https://www.huntress.com/blog/blackcat-ransomware-affiliate-ttps ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Archive Collected Data | An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from det... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560 external_id: T1560 source_name: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018 description: Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018. url: https://www.justice.gov/f... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Linux | enterprise-attack |
SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking | Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables th... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/003 external_id: T1553.003 source_name: Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017 description: Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018. url:... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Browser Session Hijacking | Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.(Citation: Wikipedia Man in the Browser)
A specific example is when an adversary injects ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1185 external_id: T1185 source_name: Wikipedia Man in the Browser description: Wikipedia. (2017, October 28). Man-in-the-browser. Retrieved January 10, 2018. url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-browser source_name: Cobalt Strike B... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Remote Services | Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service that accepts remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.
In an enterprise environment, servers and workstations can be organized into domains. Domain... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021 external_id: T1021 source_name: Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3 description: Apple. (n.d.). Apple Remote Desktop Administrator Guide Version 3.3. Retrieved October 5, 2021. url: https://images.apple.com/remotedesktop/pdf/ARD_Admin_Gui... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Mail Protocols | Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and se... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/003 external_id: T1071.003 source_name: FireEye APT28 description: FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015. url: https://web.archive.org/web/20151022204649/https://www.fireeye.c... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Hybrid Identity | Adversaries may patch, modify, or otherwise backdoor cloud authentication processes that are tied to on-premises user identities in order to bypass typical authentication mechanisms, access credentials, and enable persistent access to accounts.
Many organizations maintain hybrid user and device identities that are s... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/007 external_id: T1556.007 source_name: Azure AD Connect for Read Teamers description: Adam Chester. (2019, February 18). Azure AD Connect for Red Teamers. Retrieved September 28, 2022. url: https://blog.xpnsec.com/azuread-connect-for-redt... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Vulnerability Scanning | Adversaries may scan victims for vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. Vulnerability scans typically check if the configuration of a target host/application (ex: software and version) potentially aligns with the target of a specific exploit the adversary may seek to use.
These scans may also include more ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/002 external_id: T1595.002 source_name: OWASP Vuln Scanning description: OWASP. (n.d.). OAT-014 Vulnerability Scanning. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://owasp.org/www-project-automated-threats-to-web-applications/assets/oats/EN/OAT... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Cloud API | Adversaries may abuse cloud APIs to execute malicious commands. APIs available in cloud environments provide various functionalities and are a feature-rich method for programmatic access to nearly all aspects of a tenant. These APIs may be utilized through various methods such as command line interpreters (CLIs), in-br... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009 external_id: T1059.009 source_name: Microsoft - Azure PowerShell description: Microsoft. (2014, December 12). Azure/azure-powershell. Retrieved March 24, 2023. url: https://github.com/Azure/azure-powershell | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Search Open Technical Databases | Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered fro... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596 external_id: T1596 source_name: Circl Passive DNS description: CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/ source_name: DNS Dumpster descrip... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Electron Applications | Adversaries may abuse components of the Electron framework to execute malicious code. The Electron framework hosts many common applications such as Signal, Slack, and Microsoft Teams.(Citation: Electron 2) Originally developed by GitHub, Electron is a cross-platform desktop application development framework that employ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/015 external_id: T1218.015 source_name: Electron 3 description: Alanna Titterington. (2023, September 14). Security of Electron-based desktop applications. Retrieved March 7, 2024. url: https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/electron-framework-sec... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Disable or Modify Linux Audit System | Adversaries may disable or modify the Linux audit system to hide malicious activity and avoid detection. Linux admins use the Linux Audit system to track security-relevant information on a system. The Linux Audit system operates at the kernel-level and maintains event logs on application and system activity such as pro... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/012 external_id: T1562.012 source_name: IzyKnows auditd threat detection 2022 description: IzySec. (2022, January 26). Linux auditd for Threat Detection. Retrieved September 29, 2023. url: https://izyknows.medium.com/linux-auditd-for-threa... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Rogue Domain Controller | Adversaries may register a rogue Domain Controller to enable manipulation of Active Directory data. DCShadow may be used to create a rogue Domain Controller (DC). DCShadow is a method of manipulating Active Directory (AD) data, including objects and schemas, by registering (or reusing an inactive registration) and simu... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207 external_id: T1207 source_name: DCShadow Blog description: Delpy, B. & LE TOUX, V. (n.d.). DCShadow. Retrieved March 20, 2018. url: https://www.dcshadow.com/ source_name: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide description: Metcalf, S. (2015, Novem... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Code Signing Policy Modification | Adversaries may modify code signing policies to enable execution of unsigned or self-signed code. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a program from a developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with. Security controls can include enforcement mechanisms to ensure that only valid, signe... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/006 external_id: T1553.006 source_name: Apple Disable SIP description: Apple. (n.d.). Disabling and Enabling System Integrity Protection. Retrieved April 22, 2021. url: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/disabling_and_enabl... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Deploy Container | Adversaries may deploy a container into an environment to facilitate execution or evade defenses. In some cases, adversaries may deploy a new container to execute processes associated with a particular image or deployment, such as processes that execute or download malware. In others, an adversary may deploy a new cont... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610 external_id: T1610 source_name: AppSecco Kubernetes Namespace Breakout 2020 description: Abhisek Datta. (2020, March 18). Kubernetes Namespace Breakout using Insecure Host Path Volume — Part 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024. url: https://blog... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Containers | enterprise-attack |
Modify Registry | Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to hide configuration information within Registry keys, remove information as part of cleaning up, or as part of other techniques to aid in persistence and execution.
Access to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, some requiring administrator... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112 external_id: T1112 source_name: Microsoft Reg description: Microsoft. (2012, April 17). Reg. Retrieved May 1, 2015. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732643.aspx source_name: Microsoft Remote description: Microsoft. (... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Launch Daemon | Adversaries may create or modify Launch Daemons to execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Launch Daemons are plist files used to interact with Launchd, the service management framework used by macOS. Launch Daemons require elevated privileges to install, are executed for every user on a system prior to logi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004 external_id: T1543.004 source_name: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons description: Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017. url: https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptua... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Infrastructure Discovery | An adversary may attempt to discover infrastructure and resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and database services.
C... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580 external_id: T1580 source_name: Expel IO Evil in AWS description: A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020. url: https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/ source_name: AWS H... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Credentials from Web Browsers | Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Web browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers typically store the cr... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003 external_id: T1555.003 source_name: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018 description: Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019. url: https://blog.talosintellig... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs. Because some programs do not call other programs using the full path, adversaries may place their own file in the directory where the calling program is located, causing the operating system to launch their m... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008 external_id: T1574.008 source_name: Microsoft CreateProcess description: Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014. url: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425 source_name: Windows NT Command S... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Defacement | Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. D... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491 external_id: T1491 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions | Adversaries may create cloud instances in unused geographic service regions in order to evade detection. Access is usually obtained through compromising accounts used to manage cloud infrastructure.
Cloud service providers often provide infrastructure throughout the world in order to improve performance, provide redun... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535 external_id: T1535 source_name: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions description: CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019. url: https://medium.com/cloudsploit/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
DHCP Spoofing | Adversaries may redirect network traffic to adversary-owned systems by spoofing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) traffic and acting as a malicious DHCP server on the victim network. By achieving the adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) position, adversaries may collect network communications, including passed crede... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/003 external_id: T1557.003 source_name: rfc2131 description: Droms, R. (1997, March). Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Retrieved March 9, 2022. url: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2131 source_name: new_rogue_DHCP_serv_mal... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Remote Service Session Hijacking | Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563 external_id: T1563 source_name: RDP Hijacking Medium description: Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking — how to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017. url: http... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Binary Padding | Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations.
Binary paddi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001 external_id: T1027.001 source_name: ESET OceanLotus description: Foltýn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-b... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Web Shell | Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to access the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-lin... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003 external_id: T1505.003 source_name: NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells description: NSA Cybersecurity Directorate. (n.d.). Mitigating Web Shells. Retrieved July 22, 2021. url: https://github.com/nsacyber/Mitigating-Web-Shells source_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Group Policy Modification | Adversaries may modify Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to subvert the intended discretionary access controls for a domain, usually with the intention of escalating privileges on the domain. Group policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). GPOs are containers for group p... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001 external_id: T1484.001 source_name: Mandiant M Trends 2016 description: Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019. url: https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtren... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Browser Information Discovery | Adversaries may enumerate information about browsers to learn more about compromised environments. Data saved by browsers (such as bookmarks, accounts, and browsing history) may reveal a variety of personal information about users (e.g., banking sites, relationships/interests, social media, etc.) as well as details abo... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217 external_id: T1217 source_name: Chrome Roaming Profiles description: Chrome Enterprise and Education Help. (n.d.). Use Chrome Browser with Roaming User Profiles. Retrieved March 28, 2023. url: https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/734... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Private Keys | Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions inc... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004 external_id: T1552.004 source_name: Palo Alto Prince of Persia description: Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia – Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017. url: https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Server | Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain physical servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, such as watering hole operations in [Drive-by Compromise](htt... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004 external_id: T1583.004 source_name: Freejacked description: Clark, Michael. (2023, August 14). Google’s Vertex AI Platform Gets Freejacked. Retrieved February 28, 2024. url: https://sysdig.com/blog/googles-vertex-ai-platform-freejacked... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Windows Remote Management | Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.
WinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006 external_id: T1021.006 source_name: Medium Detecting Lateral Movement description: French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019. url: https://medium.com/threatpunter/de... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over Bluetooth | Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an adversary may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel.
Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access and... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011/001 external_id: T1011.001 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Default Accounts | Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Default accounts are those that are built-into an OS, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. Default accounts also include default facto... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/001 external_id: T1078.001 source_name: AWS Root User description: Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Account Root User. Retrieved April 5, 2021. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_root-user.html source_name: Microsoft Local Acc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Time Providers | Adversaries may abuse time providers to execute DLLs when the system boots. The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains.(Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting th... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/003 external_id: T1547.003 source_name: Github W32Time Oct 2017 description: Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018. url: https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time source_name: Microsoft W32Time May 2017 des... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Trap | Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of com... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/005 external_id: T1546.005 source_name: Trap Manual description: ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019. url: https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html source_name: Cyberciti Trap Statements description: Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap st... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Dynamic Linker Hijacking | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables the dynamic linker uses to load shared libraries. During the execution preparation phase of a program, the dynamic linker loads specified absolute paths of shared libraries from environment variables and files, such as <code>LD_PREL... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006 external_id: T1574.006 source_name: Man LD.SO description: Kerrisk, M. (2020, June 13). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved June 15, 2020. url: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ld.so.8.html source_name: TLDP Shared Librar... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Local Account | Adversaries may create a local account to maintain access to victim systems. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service.
For example, with a sufficient level of access, the Windows <code>net user /add</code> co... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/001 external_id: T1136.001 source_name: cisco_username_cmd description: Cisco. (2023, March 6). username - Cisco IOS Security Command Reference: Commands S to Z. Retrieved July 13, 2022. url: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/i... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Communication Through Removable Media | Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was comprom... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1092 external_id: T1092 source_name: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014 description: Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017. url: http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Clear Windows Event Logs | Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Failure Aud... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001 external_id: T1070.001 source_name: disable_win_evt_logging description: Heiligenstein, L. (n.d.). REP-25: Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved April 7, 2022. url: https://ptylu.github.io/content/report/report.html?report=25 so... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Email Accounts | Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002 external_id: T1585.002 source_name: Trend Micro R980 2016 description: Antazo, F. and Yambao, M. (2016, August 10). R980 Ransomware Found Abusing Disposable Email Address Service. Retrieved October 13, 2020. url: https://blog.trendmicr... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay | By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system. This activity may be used to collect or relay authentication materials.
Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NB... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001 external_id: T1557.001 source_name: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer description: Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017. url: https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response source_name: GitHub ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Windows | enterprise-attack |
File and Directory Permissions Modification | Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner,... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222 external_id: T1222 source_name: falconoverwatch_blackcat_attack description: Falcon OverWatch Team. (2022, March 23). Falcon OverWatch Threat Hunting Contributes to Seamless Protection Against Novel BlackCat Attack. Retrieved May 5, 2022. ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
LSASS Memory | Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested by an administrative ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/001 external_id: T1003.001 source_name: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory description: French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019. url: https://medium.... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Active Scanning | Adversaries may execute active reconnaissance scans to gather information that can be used during targeting. Active scans are those where the adversary probes victim infrastructure via network traffic, as opposed to other forms of reconnaissance that do not involve direct interaction.
Adversaries may perform different... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595 external_id: T1595 source_name: Botnet Scan description: Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a “/0” Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism | Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control elevate privileges to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548 external_id: T1548 source_name: TechNet How UAC Works description: Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Create Process with Token | Adversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs)
Creating p... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002 external_id: T1134.002 source_name: Microsoft Command-line Logging description: Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Setuid and Setgid | An adversary may abuse configurations where an application has the setuid or setgid bits set in order to get code running in a different (and possibly more privileged) user’s context. On Linux or macOS, when the setuid or setgid bits are set for an application binary, the application will run with the privileges of the... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/001 external_id: T1548.001 source_name: GTFOBins Suid description: Emilio Pinna, Andrea Cardaci. (n.d.). GTFOBins. Retrieved January 28, 2022. url: https://gtfobins.github.io/#+suid source_name: OSX Keydnap malware description: Marc-E... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Winlogon Helper DLL | Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\Software[\\Wow6432Node\\]\Microsoft\W... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/004 external_id: T1547.004 source_name: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013 description: Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018. url: https://blog.cy... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Distributed Component Object Model | Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote machines by taking advantage of Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.
The Windows Component Object Model (COM) is a component of the native Windows ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003 external_id: T1021.003 source_name: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019 description: Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019. url: https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.htm... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Password Spraying | Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attem... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/003 external_id: T1110.003 source_name: Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying description: Metcalf, S. (2018, May 6). Trimarc Research: Detecting Password Spraying with Security Event Auditing. Retrieved January 16, 2019. url: https://www.tr... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
External Proxy | Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040)... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002 external_id: T1090.002 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Web Portal Capture | Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service.
This variation on input capture may b... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003 external_id: T1056.003 source_name: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging description: Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017. url: https://w... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Email Addresses | Adversaries may gather email addresses that can be used during targeting. Even if internal instances exist, organizations may have public-facing email infrastructure and addresses for employees.
Adversaries may easily gather email addresses, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessibl... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002 external_id: T1589.002 source_name: Azure Active Directory Reconnaisance description: Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2020, June 13). Just looking: Azure Active Directory reconnaissance as an outsider. Retrieved May 27, 2022. url: https://o365b... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Spearphishing Voice | Adversaries may use voice communications to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineerin... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/004 external_id: T1598.004 source_name: Avertium callback phishing description: Avertium. (n.d.). EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CALLBACK PHISHING. Retrieved February 2, 2023. url: https://www.avertium.com/resources/threat-reports/every... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Cached Domain Credentials | Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds)
On Windows Vista and newer, the hash format is DCC2 (Domain Cached Credentials version 2) hash, also known as MS-Cache v2 hash.(Citation... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/005 external_id: T1003.005 source_name: PassLib mscache description: Eli Collins. (2016, November 25). Windows' Domain Cached Credentials v2. Retrieved February 21, 2020. url: https://passlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/lib/passlib.hash.msdcc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
SSH Authorized Keys | Adversaries may modify the SSH <code>authorized_keys</code> file to maintain persistence on a victim host. Linux distributions and macOS commonly use key-based authentication to secure the authentication process of SSH sessions for remote management. The <code>authorized_keys</code> file in SSH specifies the SSH keys t... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004 external_id: T1098.004 source_name: Venafi SSH Key Abuse description: Blachman, Y. (2020, April 22). Growing Abuse of SSH Keys: Commodity Malware Campaigns Now Equipped with SSH Capabilities. Retrieved June 24, 2020. url: https://www.v... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Network Security Appliances | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network security appliances that can be used during targeting. Information about network security appliances may include a variety of details, such as the existence and specifics of deployed firewalls, content filters, and proxies/bastion hosts. Adversaries may also... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/006 external_id: T1590.006 source_name: Nmap Firewalls NIDS description: Nmap. (n.d.). Chapter 10. Detecting and Subverting Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://nmap.org/book/firewalls.html ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Image File Execution Options Injection | Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by Image File Execution Options (IFEO) debuggers. IFEOs enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application’s IFEO will be prepended to the appl... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012 external_id: T1546.012 source_name: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010 description: Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017. url: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Odbcconf | Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft.
Adversaries may ab... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/008 external_id: T1218.008 source_name: Microsoft odbcconf.exe description: Microsoft. (2017, January 18). ODBCCONF.EXE. Retrieved March 7, 2019. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/odbcconf-exe?view=sql-server-2017 source_n... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Search Engines | Adversaries may use search engines to collect information about victims that can be used during targeting. Search engine services typical crawl online sites to index context and may provide users with specialized syntax to search for specific keywords or specific types of content (i.e. filetypes).(Citation: SecurityTra... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002 external_id: T1593.002 source_name: SecurityTrails Google Hacking description: Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Business Relationships | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business relationships that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization’s business relationships may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/002 external_id: T1591.002 source_name: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak description: Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://threatpost.com/bro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Temporary Elevated Cloud Access | Adversaries may abuse permission configurations that allow them to gain temporarily elevated access to cloud resources. Many cloud environments allow administrators to grant user or service accounts permission to request just-in-time access to roles, impersonate other accounts, pass roles onto resources and services, o... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/005 external_id: T1548.005 source_name: AWS PassRole description: AWS. (n.d.). Granting a user permissions to pass a role to an AWS service. Retrieved July 10, 2023. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_use_passro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Video Capture | An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., integrated cameras or webcams) or applications (e.g., video call services) to capture video recordings for the purpose of gathering information. Images may also be captured from devices or applications, potentially in specified intervals, in lieu of video... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1125 external_id: T1125 source_name: objective-see 2017 review description: Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2018. url: https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Process Doppelgänging | Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via process doppelgänging in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process doppelgänging is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
Windows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced i... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013 external_id: T1055.013 source_name: Microsoft TxF description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017. url: https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx source_name: Microsoft B... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
System Network Configuration Discovery | Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples include [Arp](https://a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016 external_id: T1016 source_name: Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion description: Gyler, C.,Perez D.,Jones, S.,Miller, S.. (2021, February 25). This is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved Feb... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Delete Cloud Instance | An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable.
A... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/003 external_id: T1578.003 source_name: Mandiant M-Trends 2020 description: Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020. url: https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020 source_name: AWS CloudTrail Se... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Code Repositories | Adversaries may search public code repositories for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Victims may store code in repositories on various third-party websites such as GitHub, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/003 external_id: T1593.003 source_name: GitHub Cloud Service Credentials description: Runa A. Sandvik. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved August 9, 2... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by an installer. These processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the b... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/005 external_id: T1574.005 source_name: mozilla_sec_adv_2012 description: Robert Kugler. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017. url: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mf... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Accessibility Features | Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by accessibility features. Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (ex: when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008 external_id: T1546.008 source_name: Narrator Accessibility Abuse description: Comi, G. (2019, October 19). Abusing Windows 10 Narrator's 'Feedback-Hub' URI for Fileless Persistence. Retrieved April 28, 2020. url: https://giuliocomi.blo... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Account Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of valid accounts, usernames, or email addresses on a system or within a compromised environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist, which can aid in follow-on behavior such as brute-forcing, spear-phishing attacks, or account takeovers (e.g., ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087 external_id: T1087 source_name: AWS List Users description: Amazon. (n.d.). List Users. Retrieved August 11, 2020. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-users.html source_name: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Account... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Proxy | Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRA... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090 external_id: T1090 source_name: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools description: Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015. url: http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligenc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Command and Scripting Interpreter | Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interfaces and languages provide ways of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many different platforms. Most systems come with some built-in command-line interface and scripting capabiliti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059 external_id: T1059 source_name: Remote Shell Execution in Python description: Abdou Rockikz. (2020, July). How to Execute Shell Commands in a Remote Machine in Python. Retrieved July 26, 2021. url: https://www.thepythoncode.com/article/exe... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Indicator Blocking | An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting(Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)(Citation: Microsoft About Event Tracing 201... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006 external_id: T1562.006 source_name: disable_win_evt_logging description: Heiligenstein, L. (n.d.). REP-25: Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved April 7, 2022. url: https://ptylu.github.io/content/report/report.html?report=25 so... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
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