Name stringlengths 2 57 | Description stringlengths 207 4.68k | References stringlengths 98 4.83k | Kill Chain stringclasses 14
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Domain Account | Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover user, administrator, and service accounts. W... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/002 external_id: T1136.002 source_name: Microsoft User Creation Event description: Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/secur... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Employee Names | Adversaries may gather employee names that can be used during targeting. Employee names be used to derive email addresses as well as to help guide other reconnaissance efforts and/or craft more-believable lures.
Adversaries may easily gather employee names, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/003 external_id: T1589.003 source_name: OPM Leak description: Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/ | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Domain Trust Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citat... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482 external_id: T1482 source_name: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply description: Florio, E.. (2017, May 4). Windows Defender ATP thwarts Operation WilySupply software supply chain cyberattack. Retrieved February 14, 2019. url: https://www.micro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Golden Ticket | Adversaries who have the KRBTGT account password hash may forge Kerberos ticket-granting tickets (TGT), also known as a golden ticket.(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) Golden tickets enable adversaries to generate authentication material for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Pro... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001 external_id: T1558.001 source_name: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015 description: Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017. url: https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640 source_name... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Automated Exfiltration | Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)
When automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020 external_id: T1020 source_name: ESET Gamaredon June 2020 description: Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/ | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Client Configurations | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone.
Adversar... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/004 external_id: T1592.004 source_name: ATT ScanBox description: Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-r... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Disable or Modify Cloud Firewall | Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud firewalls are separate from system firewalls that are described in [Disable or Modify System Firewall](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004).
Cloud environments typically uti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/007 external_id: T1562.007 source_name: Expel IO Evil in AWS description: A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020. url: https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/ source_nam... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Right-to-Left Override | Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/002 external_id: T1036.002 source_name: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique description: Security Ninja. (2015, April 16). Spoof Using Right to Left Override (RTLO) Technique. Retrieved April 22, 2019. url: https://resources.infosecinstitute.c... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Malware | Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, ev... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/001 external_id: T1588.001 source_name: FireEyeSupplyChain description: FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017. url: https://www.mandiant.com/resources/supply-chain-analysis-fr... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Component Firmware | Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Fi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/002 external_id: T1542.002 source_name: SanDisk SMART description: SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018. source_name: SmartMontools description: smartmontools. (n.d... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Indicator Removal | Adversaries may delete or modify artifacts generated within systems to remove evidence of their presence or hinder defenses. Various artifacts may be created by an adversary or something that can be attributed to an adversary’s actions. Typically these artifacts are used as defensive indicators related to monitored eve... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070 external_id: T1070 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol | Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.
Symmetric encryption algorithms are those that use shared or t... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/001 external_id: T1048.001 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Office Template Macros | Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Chang... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/001 external_id: T1137.001 source_name: Microsoft Change Normal Template description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Change the Normal template (Normal.dotm). Retrieved July 3, 2017. url: https://support.office.com/article/Change-the-Normal-template-N... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Virtual Private Server | Adversaries may rent Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. By utilizing a VPS, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. The use of cloud infrastructur... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003 external_id: T1583.003 source_name: TrendmicroHideoutsLease description: Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017. url: https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/w... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Confluence |
Adversaries may leverage Confluence repositories to mine valuable information. Often found in development environments alongside Atlassian JIRA, Confluence is generally used to store development-related documentation, however, in general may contain more diverse categories of useful information, such as:
* Policies, ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001 external_id: T1213.001 source_name: Atlassian Confluence Logging description: Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018. url: https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-acc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | SaaS | enterprise-attack |
Pass the Ticket | Adversaries may “pass the ticket” using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003 external_id: T1550.003 source_name: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks description: Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016. url: https://adsecurity.org/?p=556 source_name... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Container Administration Command | Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1609 external_id: T1609 source_name: Docker Exec description: Docker. (n.d.). Docker Exec. Retrieved March 29, 2021. url: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/ source_name: Docker Entrypoint description: Docker. (n.d.)... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Containers | enterprise-attack |
File and Directory Discovery | Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery to shape follow-on be... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083 external_id: T1083 source_name: Windows Commands JPCERT description: Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016. url: https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Dynamic Resolution | Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568 external_id: T1568 source_name: Talos CCleanup 2017 description: Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018. url: http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distribu... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Masquerade Task or Service | Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will have a service name a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/004 external_id: T1036.004 source_name: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis description: Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017. url: https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269 source_name: Palo Alto Shamoo... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Asynchronous Procedure Call | Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the asynchronous procedure call (APC) queue in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. APC injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
APC injection is commonly perform... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/004 external_id: T1055.004 source_name: Microsoft APC description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Asynchronous Procedure Calls. Retrieved December 8, 2017. url: https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms681951.aspx source_name: CyberBit... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Traffic Duplication | Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised infrastructure. Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some devices, often used for network analysis. For example, devices may be configured to forward network traffic to one or more destinations for analysis by a netw... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001 external_id: T1020.001 source_name: AWS Traffic Mirroring description: Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). How Traffic Mirroring works. Retrieved March 17, 2022. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/mirroring/traffic-mirroring-how-it-w... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Network | enterprise-attack |
Plist File Modification | Adversaries may modify property list files (plist files) to enable other malicious activity, while also potentially evading and bypassing system defenses. macOS applications use plist files, such as the <code>info.plist</code> file, to store properties and configuration settings that inform the operating system how to ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647 external_id: T1647 source_name: eset_osx_flashback description: ESET. (2012, January 1). OSX/Flashback. Retrieved April 19, 2022. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/200x/white-papers/osx_flashback.pdf source_name: f... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
AppCert DLLs | Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppCert DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppCertDLLs</code> Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\</... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/009 external_id: T1546.009 source_name: Elastic Process Injection July 2017 description: Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved Decem... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Email Forwarding Rule | Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim’s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CE... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003 external_id: T1114.003 source_name: Mac Forwarding Rules description: Apple. (n.d.). Reply to, forward, or redirect emails in Mail on Mac. Retrieved June 22, 2021. url: https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/reply-to-forward-or-redirect-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Office 365 | enterprise-attack |
Data Staged | Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality wit... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074 external_id: T1074 source_name: Mandiant M-Trends 2020 description: Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020. url: https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020 source_name: PWC Cloud Hopper April 20... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates | Adversaries may steal or forge certificates used for authentication to access remote systems or resources. Digital certificates are often used to sign and encrypt messages and/or files. Certificates are also used as authentication material. For example, Azure AD device certificates and Active Directory Certificate Serv... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1649 external_id: T1649 source_name: GitHub GhostPack Certificates description: HarmJ0y. (2018, August 22). SharpDPAPI - Certificates. Retrieved August 2, 2022. url: https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI#certificates source_name: Microsof... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Device Registration | Adversaries may register a device to an adversary-controlled account. Devices may be registered in a multifactor authentication (MFA) system, which handles authentication to the network, or in a device management system, which handles device access and compliance.
MFA systems, such as Duo or Okta, allow users to assoc... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/005 external_id: T1098.005 source_name: CISA MFA PrintNightmare description: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2022, March 15). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Gain Network Access by Exploiting Default Multifactor Auth... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Azure AD | enterprise-attack |
System Network Connections Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network.
An adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtual Private Clouds or ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049 external_id: T1049 source_name: Amazon AWS VPC Guide description: Amazon. (n.d.). What Is Amazon VPC?. Retrieved October 6, 2019. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-vpc.html source_name: Microsoft Azur... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Compromise Infrastructure | Adversaries may compromise third-party infrastructure that can be used during targeting. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, network devices, and third-party web and DNS services. Instead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infrastructure and use it... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584 external_id: T1584 source_name: amnesty_nso_pegasus description: Amnesty International Security Lab. (2021, July 18). Forensic Methodology Report: How to catch NSO Group’s Pegasus. Retrieved February 22, 2022. url: https://www.amnesty.org/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Mark-of-the-Web Bypass | Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls. In Windows, when files are downloaded from the Internet, they are tagged with a hidden NTFS Alternate Data Stream (ADS) named <code>Zone.Identifier</code> with a specific value known as the MOTW.(Citation: Microsoft Zone.Identifier ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005 external_id: T1553.005 source_name: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020 description: Beek, C. (2020, December 3). Investigating the Use of VHD Files By Cybercriminals. Retrieved February 22, 2021. url: https://medium.com/swlh/investigating-the-us... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Disable Crypto Hardware | Adversaries disable a network device’s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data.
Many network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encrypt... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002 external_id: T1600.002 source_name: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks description: Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-bl... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Network | enterprise-attack |
Pre-OS Boot | Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Boot... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542 external_id: T1542 source_name: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014 description: Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018. url: https://w... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Build Image on Host | Adversaries may build a container image directly on a host to bypass defenses that monitor for the retrieval of malicious images from a public registry. A remote <code>build</code> request may be sent to the Docker API that includes a Dockerfile that pulls a vanilla base image, such as alpine, from a public or local re... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1612 external_id: T1612 source_name: Aqua Build Images on Hosts description: Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021. url: https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-contai... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Containers | enterprise-attack |
Portable Executable Injection | Adversaries may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. PE injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
PE injection is commonly performed by copying code (perhaps without a f... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/002 external_id: T1055.002 source_name: Elastic Process Injection July 2017 description: Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved Decem... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Verclsid | Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Verclsid.exe is known as the Extension CLSID Verification Host and is responsible for verifying each shell extension before they are used by Windows Explorer or the Windows Shell.(Citation: WinOSBite verclsid.exe)
Adversaries may abuse verclsid.e... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/012 external_id: T1218.012 source_name: BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry description: BOHOPS. (2018, August 18). Abusing the COM Registry Structure (Part 2): Hijacking & Loading Techniques. Retrieved August 10, 2020. url: https://bohops.com... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Compromise Accounts | Adversaries may compromise accounts with services that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating accounts (i.e. [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585)), adversaries m... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586 external_id: T1586 source_name: AnonHBGary description: Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017. url: https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-i... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Launchctl | Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man)
Adversaries use launchctl to execute... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001 external_id: T1569.001 source_name: Launchctl Man description: SS64. (n.d.). launchctl. Retrieved March 28, 2020. url: https://ss64.com/osx/launchctl.html source_name: Sofacy Komplex Trojan description: Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Botnet | Adversaries may compromise numerous third-party systems to form a botnet that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Instead of purchasing/renting a botnet from a booter/stresser service, adversaries may bu... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005 external_id: T1584.005 source_name: Dell Dridex Oct 2015 description: Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019. url: https://www.s... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Network Device CLI | Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008 external_id: T1059.008 source_name: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History description: Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020. url: https://tools.cisco.com... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Network | enterprise-attack |
Bash History | Adversaries may search the bash command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Bash keeps track of the commands users type on the command-line with the "history" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user’s <code>.bash_history</code> file. For each user, this file resid... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003 external_id: T1552.003 source_name: External to DA, the OS X Way description: Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017. url: http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/externa... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Downgrade Attack | Adversaries may downgrade or use a version of system features that may be outdated, vulnerable, and/or does not support updated security controls. Downgrade attacks typically take advantage of a system’s backward compatibility to force it into less secure modes of operation.
Adversaries may downgrade and use various ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010 external_id: T1562.010 source_name: Crowdstrike Downgrade description: Bart Lenaerts-Bergman. (2023, March 14). WHAT ARE DOWNGRADE ATTACKS?. Retrieved May 24, 2023. url: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/attack-types/downgr... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
XPC Services | Adversaries can provide malicious content to an XPC service daemon for local code execution. macOS uses XPC services for basic inter-process communication between various processes, such as between the XPC Service daemon and third-party application privileged helper tools. Applications can send messages to the XPC Serv... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/003 external_id: T1559.003 source_name: creatingXPCservices description: Apple. (2016, September 9). Creating XPC Services. Retrieved April 19, 2022. url: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystem... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion | Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware t... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497 external_id: T1497 source_name: Deloitte Environment Awareness description: Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021. url: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc sourc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Web Service | Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102 external_id: T1102 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Credentials In Files | Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/b... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001 external_id: T1552.001 source_name: CG 2014 description: CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014. url: http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-mach... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
DNS Calculation | Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channe... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003 external_id: T1568.003 source_name: Meyers Numbered Panda description: Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016. url: http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/ source_name: Moran 201... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Mshta | Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/005 external_id: T1218.005 source_name: Cylance Dust Storm description: Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved December 22, 2021. url: https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/know... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Login Items | Adversaries may add login items to execute upon user login to gain persistence or escalate privileges. Login items are applications, documents, folders, or server connections that are automatically launched when a user logs in.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple) Login items can be added via a shared file list or Service... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/015 external_id: T1547.015 source_name: Open Login Items Apple description: Apple. (n.d.). Open items automatically when you log in on Mac. Retrieved October 1, 2021. url: https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/open-items-automatically-w... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Stage Capabilities | Adversaries may upload, install, or otherwise set up capabilities that can be used during targeting. To support their operations, an adversary may need to take capabilities they developed ([Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587)) or obtained ([Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/tech... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608 external_id: T1608 source_name: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020 description: Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020. url: https... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Link Target | Adversaries may put in place resources that are referenced by a link that can be used during targeting. An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to divulge information (including credentials) or to gain execution, as in [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Links c... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005 external_id: T1608.005 source_name: Netskope GCP Redirection description: Ashwin Vamshi. (2019, January 24). Targeted Attacks Abusing Google Cloud Platform Open Redirection. Retrieved August 18, 2022. url: https://www.netskope.com/blog... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Multi-Stage Channels | Adversaries may create multiple stages for command and control that are employed under different conditions or for certain functions. Use of multiple stages may obfuscate the command and control channel to make detection more difficult.
Remote access tools will call back to the first-stage command and control server f... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104 external_id: T1104 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Financial Theft | Adversaries may steal monetary resources from targets through extortion, social engineering, technical theft, or other methods aimed at their own financial gain at the expense of the availability of these resources for victims. Financial theft is the ultimate objective of several popular campaign types including extort... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657 external_id: T1657 source_name: VEC description: CloudFlare. (n.d.). What is vendor email compromise (VEC)?. Retrieved September 12, 2023. url: https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/email-security/what-is-vendor-email-compromise/#:~:text=Ven... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Execution Guardrails | Adversaries may use execution guardrails to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied and environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Guardrails ensure that a payload only executes against an intended target and reduces collateral damage from an adversary’s campaign.(... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480 external_id: T1480 source_name: FireEye Outlook Dec 2019 description: McWhirt, M., Carr, N., Bienstock, D. (2019, December 4). Breaking the Rules: A Tough Outlook for Home Page Attacks (CVE-2017-11774). Retrieved June 23, 2020. url: https:... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Storage Object Discovery | Adversaries may enumerate objects in cloud storage infrastructure. Adversaries may use this information during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including requesting all or specific objects from cloud storage. Similar to [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) on a loc... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1619 external_id: T1619 source_name: ListObjectsV2 description: Amazon - ListObjectsV2. Retrieved October 4, 2021. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html source_name: List Blobs description: Microsoft -... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Web Cookies | Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access.
Adversaries may generate these cookies in order to gai... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001 external_id: T1606.001 source_name: Volexity SolarWinds description: Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020. url: https://www.volexity.com/blo... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Log Enumeration | Adversaries may enumerate system and service logs to find useful data. These logs may highlight various types of valuable insights for an adversary, such as user authentication records ([Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087)), security or vulnerable software ([Software Discovery](https://attack.... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1654 external_id: T1654 source_name: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console description: Mandiant Intelligence. (2023, May 16). SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console: Serial Is Part of a Well Balanced... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Token Impersonation/Theft | Adversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, an adversary can duplicate an existing token using `DuplicateToken` or `DuplicateTokenEx`.(Citation: DuplicateToken function) The token can then be used with `ImpersonateLoggedOnUser`... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001 external_id: T1134.001 source_name: Microsoft Command-line Logging description: Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration to Code Repository | Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection.
Exfiltration to a code... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001 external_id: T1567.001 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Services | Adversaries may log into accessible cloud services within a compromised environment using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that are synchronized with or federated to on-premises user identities. The adversary may then perform management actions or access cloud-hosted resources as the logged-o... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/007 external_id: T1021.007 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Office 365 | enterprise-attack |
Port Knocking | Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001 external_id: T1205.001 source_name: Hartrell cd00r 2002 description: Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018. url: https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invis... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
LNK Icon Smuggling | Adversaries may smuggle commands to download malicious payloads past content filters by hiding them within otherwise seemingly benign windows shortcut files. Windows shortcut files (.LNK) include many metadata fields, including an icon location field (also known as the `IconEnvironmentDataBlock`) designed to specify th... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/012 external_id: T1027.012 source_name: Unprotect Shortcut description: Unprotect Project. (2019, March 18). Shortcut Hiding. Retrieved October 3, 2023. url: https://unprotect.it/technique/shortcut-hiding/ source_name: Booby Trap Short... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Web Services | Adversaries may register for web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006 external_id: T1583.006 source_name: FireEye APT29 description: FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015. url: https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/ima... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Steal Application Access Token | Adversaries can steal application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources.
Application access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user or service and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud and container-based applications and ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528 external_id: T1528 source_name: Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019 description: Amnesty International. (2019, August 16). Evolving Phishing Attacks Targeting Journalists and Human Rights Defenders from the Middle-East and North Afr... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | SaaS | enterprise-attack |
Spearphishing Attachment | Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious attachment to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information freque... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/002 external_id: T1598.002 source_name: Sophos Attachment description: Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links – when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://nakeds... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Additional Cloud Credentials | Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.
For example, adversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure AD.(Citation: Micro... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001 external_id: T1098.001 source_name: Crowdstrike AWS User Federation Persistence description: Vaishnav Murthy and Joel Eng. (2023, January 30). How Adversaries Can Persist with AWS User Federation. Retrieved March 10, 2023. url: https:... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
User Execution | An adversary may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to execute malicious code by, for example, opening a malicious document file or link. These user actions will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from forms of [Phishing](ht... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204 external_id: T1204 source_name: Krebs Discord Bookmarks 2023 description: Brian Krebs. (2023, May 30). Discord Admins Hacked by Malicious Bookmarks. Retrieved January 2, 2024. url: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2023/05/discord-admins-hacked-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Internal Defacement | An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users, thus discrediting the integrity of the systems. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001 external_id: T1491.001 source_name: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware description: Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016. url: https://web.a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Hidden Users | Adversaries may use hidden users to hide the presence of user accounts they create or modify. Administrators may want to hide users when there are many user accounts on a given system or if they want to hide their administrative or other management accounts from other users.
In macOS, adversaries can create or modify... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/002 external_id: T1564.002 source_name: Cybereason OSX Pirrit description: Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved December 10, 2021. url: https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Content%20PDFs/Cybereason-Lab-Anal... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Make and Impersonate Token | Adversaries may make new tokens and impersonate users to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, if an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the `LogonUser` function.(Citation: LogonUserW fun... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003 external_id: T1134.003 source_name: Microsoft Command-line Logging description: Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Group Policy Preferences | Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016)
These group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a d... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/006 external_id: T1552.006 source_name: Microsoft GPP 2016 description: Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved March 9, 2020. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol | Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.
Asymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use differen... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/002 external_id: T1048.002 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Account | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application.
With authenticated access there are several tools that can b... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/004 external_id: T1087.004 source_name: Microsoft msolrolemember description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRoleMember. Retrieved October 6, 2019. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrolemember?view=azurea... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Azure AD | enterprise-attack |
Process Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get information about running processes on a system. Information obtained could be used to gain an understanding of common software/applications running on systems within the network. Administrator or otherwise elevated access may provide better process details. Adversaries may use the inform... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057 external_id: T1057 source_name: show_processes_cisco_cmd description: Cisco. (2022, August 16). show processes - . Retrieved July 13, 2022. url: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/fundamentals/command/cf_command_ref/show_mon... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Impair Command History Logging | Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done.
On Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment var... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/003 external_id: T1562.003 source_name: Sophos PowerShell command audit description: jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020. url: https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-acce... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Network Provider DLL | Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Citation: Network Provi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/008 external_id: T1556.008 source_name: NPPSPY - Huntress description: Dray Agha. (2022, August 16). Cleartext Shenanigans: Gifting User Passwords to Adversaries With NPPSPY. Retrieved March 30, 2023. url: https://www.huntress.com/blog/cl... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription | Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples of events that may ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003 external_id: T1546.003 source_name: FireEye WMI 2015 description: Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016. url: https://www.fireeye.com/content/d... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
CDNs | Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor’s geographical region.
Advers... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/004 external_id: T1596.004 source_name: DigitalShadows CDN description: Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed – How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrie... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
User Activity Based Checks | Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/002 external_id: T1497.002 source_name: Deloitte Environment Awareness description: Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021. url: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Accounts | Adversaries may create accounts with cloud providers that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use cloud accounts to further their operations, including leveraging cloud storage services such as Dropbox, MEGA, Microsoft OneDrive, or AWS S3 buckets for [Exfiltration to Cloud Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/te... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/003 external_id: T1585.003 source_name: Awake Security C2 Cloud description: Gary Golomb and Tory Kei. (n.d.). Threat Hunting Series: Detecting Command & Control in the Cloud. Retrieved May 27, 2022. url: https://awakesecurity.com/blog/thr... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Software Deployment Tools | Adversaries may gain access to and use centralized software suites installed within an enterprise to execute commands and move laterally through the network. Configuration management and software deployment applications may be used in an enterprise network or cloud environment for routine administration purposes. These... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072 external_id: T1072 source_name: Fortinet Zero-Day and Custom Malware Used by Suspected Chinese Actor in Espionage Operation description: ALEXANDER MARVI, BRAD SLAYBAUGH, DAN EBREO, TUFAIL AHMED, MUHAMMAD UMAIR, TINA JOHNSON. (2023, March 16... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over C2 Channel | Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an existing command and control channel. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications. | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041 external_id: T1041 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Parent PID Spoofing | Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/004 external_id: T1134.004 source_name: XPNSec PPID Nov 2017 description: Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019. url: https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/ source_name: Count... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Gather Victim Org Information | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees.
Adversari... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591 external_id: T1591 source_name: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak description: Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Forge Web Credentials | Adversaries may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies, tokens, or other materials to authenticate and authorize user access.
Adversaries may g... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606 external_id: T1606 source_name: AWS Temporary Security Credentials description: AWS. (n.d.). Requesting temporary security credentials. Retrieved April 1, 2022. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp_requ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | SaaS | enterprise-attack |
Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation | Adversaries may attempt to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms and gain access to accounts by generating MFA requests sent to users.
Adversaries in possession of credentials to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) may be unable to complete the login process if they lack access to... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621 external_id: T1621 source_name: Russian 2FA Push Annoyance - Cimpanu description: Catalin Cimpanu. (2021, December 9). Russian hackers bypass 2FA by annoying victims with repeated push notifications. Retrieved March 31, 2022. url: https://... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Compromise Host Software Binary | Adversaries may modify host software binaries to establish persistent access to systems. Software binaries/executables provide a wide range of system commands or services, programs, and libraries. Common software binaries are SSH clients, FTP clients, email clients, web browsers, and many other user or server applicati... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1554 external_id: T1554 source_name: Unit42 Banking Trojans Hooking 2022 description: Or Chechik. (2022, October 31). Banking Trojan Techniques: How Financially Motivated Malware Became Infrastructure. Retrieved September 27, 2023. url: https:/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Chat Messages | Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services that support user comm... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/008 external_id: T1552.008 source_name: Slack Security Risks description: Michael Osakwe. (2020, November 18). 4 SaaS and Slack Security Risks to Consider. Retrieved March 17, 2023. url: https://www.nightfall.ai/blog/saas-slack-security-ri... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Office 365 | enterprise-attack |
PowerShell | Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system.(Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of informa... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001 external_id: T1059.001 source_name: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014 description: Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019. url: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/execu... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Change Default File Association | Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by a file type association. When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users,... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001 external_id: T1546.001 source_name: Microsoft Change Default Programs description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016. url: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
VDSO Hijacking | Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
VDSO hijacking involves redir... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/014 external_id: T1055.014 source_name: Backtrace VDSO description: backtrace. (2016, April 22). ELF SHARED LIBRARY INJECTION FORENSICS. Retrieved June 15, 2020. url: https://backtrace.io/blog/backtrace/elf-shared-library-injection-forensi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
File Transfer Protocols | Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/002 external_id: T1071.002 source_name: ESET Machete July 2019 description: ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Exploitation for Credential Access | Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.
Credenti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212 external_id: T1212 source_name: Bugcrowd Replay Attack description: Bugcrowd. (n.d.). Replay Attack. Retrieved September 27, 2023. url: https://www.bugcrowd.com/glossary/replay-attack/ source_name: Comparitech Replay Attack descriptio... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Emond | Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/014 external_id: T1546.014 source_name: magnusviri emond Apr 2016 description: Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019. url: http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html source_name: xorrior e... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | macOS | enterprise-attack |
One-Way Communication | Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/003 external_id: T1102.003 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Gather Victim Network Information | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's networks that can be used during targeting. Information about networks may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: IP ranges, domain names, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its topology and operations.
Adversaries may gather this inform... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590 external_id: T1590 source_name: WHOIS description: NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.whois.net/ source_name: DNS Dumpster description: Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved Octobe... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Exploitation of Remote Services | Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210 external_id: T1210 source_name: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities description: CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018. url: https://www.ci... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Internal Spearphishing | After they already have access to accounts or systems within the environment, adversaries may use internal spearphishing to gain access to additional information or compromise other users within the same organization. Internal spearphishing is multi-staged campaign where a legitimate account is initially compromised ei... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534 external_id: T1534 source_name: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017 description: Chris Taylor. (2017, October 5). When Phishing Starts from the Inside. Retrieved October 8, 2019. url: https://blog.trendmicro.com/phishing-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Services File Permissions Weakness | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/010 external_id: T1574.010 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder | Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the "run keys" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed un... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001 external_id: T1547.001 source_name: Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016 description: Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). Hiding in Plain Sight. Retrieved August 3, 2020. url: https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2013/10/hiding-in-plain-sight/ ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
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