Name stringlengths 2 57 | Description stringlengths 207 4.68k | References stringlengths 98 4.83k | Kill Chain stringclasses 14
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Trusted Relationship | Adversaries may breach or otherwise leverage organizations who have access to intended victims. Access through trusted third party relationship abuses an existing connection that may not be protected or receives less scrutiny than standard mechanisms of gaining access to a network.
Organizations often grant elevated a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199 external_id: T1199 source_name: CISA IT Service Providers description: CISA. (n.d.). APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers. Retrieved November 16, 2020. url: https://us-cert.cisa.gov/APTs-Targeting-IT-Service-Provider-Customers ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Account | Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles)(Citation: Microsof... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003 external_id: T1136.003 source_name: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles description: Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019. url: https://docs.microsof... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Azure AD | enterprise-attack |
Local Groups | Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as th... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001 external_id: T1069.001 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Search Open Websites/Domains | Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarde... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593 external_id: T1593 source_name: SecurityTrails Google Hacking description: Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques sour... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Account Manipulation | Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain and/or elevate access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves or modifies adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021) These actions could als... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098 external_id: T1098 source_name: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021 description: FireEye. (2021, June 16). Smoking Out a DARKSIDE Affiliate’s Supply Chain Software Compromise. Retrieved September 22, 2021. url: https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol | Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.
Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol no... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048 external_id: T1048 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Kernel Modules and Extensions | Adversaries may modify the kernel to automatically execute programs on system boot. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the dev... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006 external_id: T1547.006 source_name: Apple Developer Configuration Profile description: Apple. (2019, May 3). Configuration Profile Reference. Retrieved September 23, 2021. url: https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/Configu... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
GUI Input Capture | Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to aut... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/002 external_id: T1056.002 source_name: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014 description: Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018. url: https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/ sour... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Tool | Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/softwar... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/002 external_id: T1588.002 source_name: Recorded Future Beacon 2019 description: Recorded Future. (2019, June 20). Out of the Blue: How Recorded Future Identified Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020. url: https://www.re... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration over USB | Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a USB connected physical device. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a USB device introduced by a user. The USB device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected syste... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052/001 external_id: T1052.001 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
KernelCallbackTable | Adversaries may abuse the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> of a process to hijack its execution flow in order to run their own payloads.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: FinFisher exposed ) The <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> can be found in the Process Environment Block (PEB) and is initialized to an arr... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/013 external_id: T1574.013 source_name: Lazarus APT January 2022 description: Saini, A. and Hossein, J. (2022, January 27). North Korea’s Lazarus APT leverages Windows Update client, GitHub in latest campaign. Retrieved January 27, 2022. u... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Search Closed Sources | Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Fe... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597 external_id: T1597 source_name: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds description: Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-t... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Systemd Timers | Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension <code>.timer</code> that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting point. They can be u... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/006 external_id: T1053.006 source_name: Systemd Remote Control description: Aaron Kili. (2018, January 16). How to Control Systemd Services on Remote Linux Server. Retrieved July 26, 2021. url: https://www.tecmint.com/control-systemd-servi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Phishing | Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems. All forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries c... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566 external_id: T1566 source_name: ACSC Email Spoofing description: Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/d... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
ROMMONkit | Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
ROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004 external_id: T1542.004 source_name: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution description: Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Network | enterprise-attack |
Compiled HTML File | Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001 external_id: T1218.001 source_name: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017 description: Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018. url: https://portal.msrc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Network Share Connection Removal | Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an exa... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/005 external_id: T1070.005 source_name: Technet Net Use description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Multi-hop Proxy | Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to disguise the source of malicious traffic. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique make... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003 external_id: T1090.003 source_name: NGLite Trojan description: Robert Falcone, Jeff White, and Peter Renals. (2021, November 7). Targeted Attack Campaign Against ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus Delivers Godzilla Webshells, NGLite Trojan... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Brute Force | Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or i... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110 external_id: T1110 source_name: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020 description: Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm’s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021. url: https://www.trendmicro.com/en_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Unix Shell | Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux and macOS systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells c... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004 external_id: T1059.004 source_name: Apple ZShell description: Apple. (2020, January 28). Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac. Retrieved June 12, 2020. url: https://support.apple.com/HT208050 source_name: DieNet Bash descripti... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Outlook Forms | Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/003 external_id: T1137.003 source_name: SensePost Outlook Forms description: Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019. url: https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/ source_nam... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Disable or Modify Tools | Adversaries may modify and/or disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their malware/tools and activities. This may take many forms, such as killing security software processes or services, modifying / deleting Registry keys or configuration files so that tools do not operate properly, or other methods to ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001 external_id: T1562.001 source_name: Analysis of FG-IR-22-369 description: Guillaume Lovet and Alex Kong. (2023, March 9). Analysis of FG-IR-22-369. Retrieved May 15, 2023. url: https://www.fortinet.com/blog/psirt-blogs/fg-ir-22-369-ps... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Data Manipulation | Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565 external_id: T1565 source_name: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022 description: Sygnia Incident Response Team. (2022, January 5). TG2003: ELEPHANT BEETLE UNCOVERING AN ORGANIZED FINANCIAL-THEFT OPERATION. Retrieved February 9, 2023. url: http... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Inter-Process Communication | Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processes are stuck in a cyc... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559 external_id: T1559 source_name: Linux IPC description: N/A. (2021, April 1). Inter Process Communication (IPC). Retrieved March 11, 2022. url: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inter-process-communication-ipc/#:~:text=Inter%2Dprocess%20communi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Data Obfuscation | Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020) Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decipher and to make the ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001 external_id: T1001 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Data from Network Shared Drive | Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from remote systems via shared network drives (host shared directory, network file server, etc.) that are accessible from the current system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shel... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039 external_id: T1039 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Web Services | Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, SendGrid, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/006 external_id: T1584.006 source_name: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020 description: Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake’s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.recordedfuture.c... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Modify System Image | Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file.
To change the opera... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601 external_id: T1601 source_name: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification description: Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Network | enterprise-attack |
Hijack Execution Flow | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as appli... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574 external_id: T1574 source_name: Autoruns for Windows description: Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Indicator Removal from Tools | Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar sy... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/005 external_id: T1027.005 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Malicious Image | Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to a public repository ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/003 external_id: T1204.003 source_name: Summit Route Malicious AMIs description: Piper, S.. (2018, September 24). Investigating Malicious AMIs. Retrieved March 30, 2021. url: https://summitroute.com/blog/2018/09/24/investigating_malicious_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Container Service | Adversaries may create or modify container or container cluster management tools that run as daemons, agents, or services on individual hosts. These include software for creating and managing individual containers, such as Docker and Podman, as well as container cluster node-level agents such as kubelet. By modifying t... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/005 external_id: T1543.005 source_name: AppSecco Kubernetes Namespace Breakout 2020 description: Abhisek Datta. (2020, March 18). Kubernetes Namespace Breakout using Insecure Host Path Volume — Part 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024. url: http... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Containers | enterprise-attack |
Valid Accounts | Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent acces... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078 external_id: T1078 source_name: volexity_0day_sophos_FW description: Adair, S., Lancaster, T., Volexity Threat Research. (2022, June 15). DriftingCloud: Zero-Day Sophos Firewall Exploitation and an Insidious Breach. Retrieved July 1, 2022. ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Non-Standard Port | Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571 external_id: T1571 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Social Media Accounts | Adversaries may create and cultivate social media accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create social media accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations.(Cit... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001 external_id: T1585.001 source_name: NEWSCASTER2014 description: Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017. url: https://www.securityweek.com/ira... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Process Hollowing | Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
Process hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspended state then unma... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012 external_id: T1055.012 source_name: Nviso Spoof Command Line 2020 description: Daman, R. (2020, February 4). The return of the spoof part 2: Command line spoofing. Retrieved November 19, 2021. url: https://blog.nviso.eu/2020/02/04/the-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exploitation for Privilege Escalation | Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security co... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068 external_id: T1068 source_name: ESET InvisiMole June 2020 description: Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Resource Forking | Adversaries may abuse resource forks to hide malicious code or executables to evade detection and bypass security applications. A resource fork provides applications a structured way to store resources such as thumbnail images, menu definitions, icons, dialog boxes, and code.(Citation: macOS Hierarchical File System Ov... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/009 external_id: T1564.009 source_name: tau bundlore erika noerenberg 2020 description: Erika Noerenberg. (2020, June 29). TAU Threat Analysis: Bundlore (macOS) mm-install-macos. Retrieved October 12, 2021. url: https://blogs.vmware.com/se... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Account Access Removal | Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts. Adversaries may also subsequently log off and/or perform a [System Shutdown/Reboot... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531 external_id: T1531 source_name: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019 description: CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification – LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019. url: https://www.carbonbla... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Credential Stuffing | Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials accessed. The information ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/004 external_id: T1110.004 source_name: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018 description: US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019. url: https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Obfuscated Files or Information | Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Payloads may be compressed, archived... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027 external_id: T1027 source_name: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016 description: Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017. url: http... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Multi-Factor Authentication | Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts.
Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/006 external_id: T1556.006 source_name: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022 description: Cyber Security Infrastructure Agency. (2022, March 15). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Gain Network Access by Exploiting Defa... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Remote Email Collection | Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002 external_id: T1114.002 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Office 365 | enterprise-attack |
IIS Components | Adversaries may install malicious components that run on Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers to establish persistence. IIS provides several mechanisms to extend the functionality of the web servers. For example, Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions and filters can be installe... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/004 external_id: T1505.004 source_name: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017 description: Microsoft. (2017, June 16). ISAPI Extension Overview. Retrieved June 3, 2021. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Invalid Code Signature | Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature inform... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001 external_id: T1036.001 source_name: Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017 description: Vest, J. (2017, October 9). Borrowing Microsoft MetaData and Signatures to Hide Binary Payloads. Retrieved September 10, 2019. url: https://threatexpress.com/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Run Virtual Instance | Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts associated with thei... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/006 external_id: T1564.006 source_name: SingHealth Breach Jan 2019 description: Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on SingHealth. (2019, January 10). Public Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on Singapore Healt... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Password Policy Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This information may he... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201 external_id: T1201 source_name: AWS GetPasswordPolicy description: Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). AWS API GetAccountPasswordPolicy. Retrieved June 8, 2021. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/APIReference/API_GetAccountPasswordPolicy... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Event Triggered Execution | Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. Cloud environments may al... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546 external_id: T1546 source_name: FireEye WMI 2015 description: Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016. url: https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/firee... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Unix Shell Configuration Modification | Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user’s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command-line interf... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004 external_id: T1546.004 source_name: intezer-kaiji-malware description: Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020. url: https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-ch... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Forced Authentication | Adversaries may gather credential material by invoking or forcing a user to automatically provide authentication information through a mechanism in which they can intercept.
The Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is commonly used in Windows networks for authentication and communication between systems for access to r... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187 external_id: T1187 source_name: Cylance Redirect to SMB description: Cylance. (2015, April 13). Redirect to SMB. Retrieved December 21, 2017. url: https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/white_papers/RedirectToSMB.pdf source_n... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
SID-History Injection | Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold ad... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005 external_id: T1134.005 source_name: Microsoft SID description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017. url: https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx source_name: Microsoft SID-H... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Network Boundary Bridging | Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by compromising perimeter network devices or internal devices responsible for network segmentation. Breaching these devices may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.
Devices such as routers and fir... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599 external_id: T1599 source_name: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021 description: Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021. url: https://securelis... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Network | enterprise-attack |
Data Encrypted for Impact | Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. They can attempt to render stored data inaccessible by encrypting files or data on local and remote drives and withholding access to a decryption key. This may be done in... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486 external_id: T1486 source_name: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020 description: Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021. url: https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ranso... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Subvert Trust Controls | Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs. Operating systems and security products may contain mechanisms to identify programs or websites as possessing some level of trust. Examples of such features would include a program b... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553 external_id: T1553 source_name: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017 description: Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018. url: https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-ce... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Elevated Execution with Prompt | Adversaries may leverage the <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004 external_id: T1548.004 source_name: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges description: Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019. url: https://developer.apple.com... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Firmware | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/003 external_id: T1592.003 source_name: ArsTechnica Intel description: Goodin, D. & Salter, J. (2020, August 6). More than 20GB of Intel source code and proprietary data dumped online. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://arstechnica.c... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Encrypted Channel | Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated wi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573 external_id: T1573 source_name: SANS Decrypting SSL description: Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016. url: http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threa... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Authentication Package | Adversaries may abuse authentication packages to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows authentication package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system.(Citation: MSDN Aut... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/002 external_id: T1547.002 source_name: Graeber 2014 description: Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017. url: http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Regsvr32 | Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Microsof... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010 external_id: T1218.010 source_name: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov description: Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites | Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information.
Text storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2 communication (e.g.... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/003 external_id: T1567.003 source_name: Pastebin EchoSec description: Ciarniello, A. (2019, September 24). What is Pastebin and Why Do Hackers Love It?. Retrieved April 11, 2023. url: https://web.archive.org/web/20201107203304/https://www.... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Software | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protecti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/002 external_id: T1592.002 source_name: ATT ScanBox description: Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-r... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Input Capture | Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056 external_id: T1056 source_name: Adventures of a Keystroke description: Tinaztepe, E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke: An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016. url: http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keyl... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Spearphishing Voice | Adversaries may use voice communications to ultimately gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing voice is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that is employs the use of manipulating a user into providing access to systems through a phone call or other forms of vo... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/004 external_id: T1566.004 source_name: CISA Remote Monitoring and Management Software description: CISA. (n.d.). Protecting Against Malicious Use of Remote Monitoring and Management Software. Retrieved February 2, 2023. url: https://www.c... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Exploits | Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an advers... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004 external_id: T1587.004 source_name: NYTStuxnet description: William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017. url: https://www.n... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Social Media | Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff.
Adversaries may search in differ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001 external_id: T1593.001 source_name: Cyware Social Media description: Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://cyware.com/news/how-hacke... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Component Object Model Hijacking | Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to Component Object Model (COM) objects. COM is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system.(Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model) References to various... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015 external_id: T1546.015 source_name: Elastic COM Hijacking description: Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016. url: https://www.elastic.co/blog/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Credentials | Adversaries may gather credentials that can be used during targeting. Account credentials gathered by adversaries may be those directly associated with the target victim organization or attempt to take advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.
Adversaries may ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/001 external_id: T1589.001 source_name: ATT ScanBox description: Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-r... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Compromise Software Supply Chain | Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution mechanism for that sof... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002 external_id: T1195.002 source_name: Avast CCleaner3 2018 description: Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieve... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Rename System Utilities | Adversaries may rename legitimate system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for system utilities adversaries are capable of abusing. (Citation: LOLBAS Main Site) It may be possible to bypass those security mec... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/003 external_id: T1036.003 source_name: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update description: Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019. url: https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Bidirectional Communication | Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can th... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002 external_id: T1102.002 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Exploitation for Client Execution | Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the purpose of arbitrary co... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203 external_id: T1203 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Wordlist Scanning | Adversaries may iteratively probe infrastructure using brute-forcing and crawling techniques. While this technique employs similar methods to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), its goal is the identification of content and infrastructure rather than the discovery of valid credentials. Wordlists u... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/003 external_id: T1595.003 source_name: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021 description: ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021. ur... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Spoof Security Alerting | Adversaries may spoof security alerting from tools, presenting false evidence to impair defenders’ awareness of malicious activity.(Citation: BlackBasta) Messages produced by defensive tools contain information about potential security events as well as the functioning status of security software and the system. Securi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/011 external_id: T1562.011 source_name: BlackBasta description: Antonio Cocomazzi and Antonio Pirozzi. (2022, November 3). Black Basta Ransomware | Attacks Deploy Custom EDR Evasion Tools Tied to FIN7 Threat Actor. Retrieved March 14, 2023.... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Outlook Home Page | Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/004 external_id: T1137.004 source_name: SensePost Outlook Home Page description: Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page – Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019. url: https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Asymmetric Cryptography | Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed,... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002 external_id: T1573.002 source_name: SANS Decrypting SSL description: Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016. url: http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidd... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration to Cloud Storage | Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet.
Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002 external_id: T1567.002 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Lateral Tool Transfer | Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Once brought into the victim environment (i.e., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) files may then be copied from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570 external_id: T1570 source_name: Dropbox Malware Sync description: David Talbot. (2013, August 21). Dropbox and Similar Services Can Sync Malware. Retrieved May 31, 2023. url: https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/08/21/83143/dropbox-and-si... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Path Interception by Unquoted Path | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to launch.
Service pat... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009 external_id: T1574.009 source_name: Windows Privilege Escalation Guide description: absolomb. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018. url: https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Install Digital Certificate | Adversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are files that can be installed on servers to enable secure communications between systems. Digital certificates include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003 external_id: T1608.003 source_name: DigiCert Install SSL Cert description: DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021. url: https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm source_name... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Startup Items | Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005 external_id: T1037.005 source_name: Startup Items description: Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017. url: https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapte... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
System Language Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by m... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614/001 external_id: T1614.001 source_name: Malware System Language Check description: Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2009, January 15). Malware Trying to Avoid Some Countries. Retrieved August 18, 2021. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/2009/01/15/ma... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Non-Application Layer Protocol | Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095 external_id: T1095 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Steganography | Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files.
[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used s... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003 external_id: T1027.003 source_name: Wikipedia Duqu description: Wikipedia. (2017, December 29). Duqu. Retrieved April 10, 2018. url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu source_name: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
DNS Server | Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own D... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/002 external_id: T1584.002 source_name: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019 description: Hirani, M., Jones, S., Read, B. (2019, January 10). Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale. Retrieved October 9, 2020. url: https://www.f... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Protocol Impersonation | Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic.
Adversaries may imperso... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003 external_id: T1001.003 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Query Registry | Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.
The Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012 external_id: T1012 source_name: Wikipedia Windows Registry description: Wikipedia. (n.d.). Windows Registry. Retrieved February 2, 2015. url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Data Transfer Size Limits | An adversary may exfiltrate data in fixed size chunks instead of whole files or limit packet sizes below certain thresholds. This approach may be used to avoid triggering network data transfer threshold alerts. | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030 external_id: T1030 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Web Session Cookie | Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)
Authentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based serv... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004 external_id: T1550.004 source_name: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019 description: Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019. url: https... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Office 365 | enterprise-attack |
Domain Accounts | Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across syste... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002 external_id: T1078.002 source_name: TechNet Credential Theft description: Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Regsvcs/Regasm | Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are binaries that may be digitally si... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/009 external_id: T1218.009 source_name: MSDN Regsvcs description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016. url: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx source_name: MSDN R... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Install Root Certificate | Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certif... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004 external_id: T1553.004 source_name: Operation Emmental description: botconf eu. (2014, December 31). David Sancho - Finding Holes in Banking 2FA: Operation Emmental. Retrieved January 4, 2024. url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gchKF... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Network Logon Script | Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Dependin... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/003 external_id: T1037.003 source_name: Petri Logon Script AD description: Daniel Petri. (2009, January 8). Setting up a Logon Script through Active Directory Users and Computers in Windows Server 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2019. url: ht... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Endpoint Denial of Service | Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users. Endpoint DoS can be performed by exhausting the system resources those services are hosted on or exploiting the system to cause a persistent crash condition. Example services include websites, ema... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499 external_id: T1499 source_name: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow description: Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019. url: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Compile After Delivery | Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native uti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/004 external_id: T1027.004 source_name: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018 description: ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
System Location Discovery |
Adversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614 external_id: T1614 source_name: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020 description: FBI. (2020, November 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved April 1, 2021. url: https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20413... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
VBA Stomping | Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)
MS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <co... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/007 external_id: T1564.007 source_name: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020 description: Cole, R., Moore, A., Stark, G., Stancill, B. (2020, February 5). STOMP 2 DIS: Brilliance in the (Visual) Basics. Retrieved September 17, 2020. url: https://www... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
BITS Jobs | Adversaries may abuse BITS jobs to persistently execute code and perform various background tasks. Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a low-bandwidth, asynchronous file transfer mechanism exposed through [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM).(Citation: Micr... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197 external_id: T1197 source_name: CTU BITS Malware June 2016 description: Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2016, June 6). Malware Lingers with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018. url: https://www.secureworks.com/blog/malware-lingers-with-bi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
MSBuild | Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001 external_id: T1127.001 source_name: LOLBAS Msbuild description: LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msbuild.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019. url: https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msbuild/ source_name: Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017 ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Impersonation | Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniqu... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1656 external_id: T1656 source_name: CrowdStrike-BEC description: Bart Lenaerts-Bergmans. (2023, March 10). What is Business Email Compromise?. Retrieved August 8, 2023. url: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/business-email-compromi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Modify Cloud Compute Configurations | Adversaries may modify settings that directly affect the size, locations, and resources available to cloud compute infrastructure in order to evade defenses. These settings may include service quotas, subscription associations, tenant-wide policies, or other configurations that impact available compute. Such modificati... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/005 external_id: T1578.005 source_name: Microsoft Subscription Hijacking 2022 description: Dor Edry. (2022, August 24). Hunt for compromised Azure subscriptions using Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps. Retrieved September 5, 2023. url: htt... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
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