Name stringlengths 2 57 | Description stringlengths 207 4.68k | References stringlengths 98 4.83k | Kill Chain stringclasses 14
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Domain Fronting | Adversaries may take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015) Domain fronting... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004 external_id: T1090.004 source_name: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015 description: David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
ARP Cache Poisoning | Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices. This activity may be used to enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://atta... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/002 external_id: T1557.002 source_name: Cylance Cleaver description: Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017. url: https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pa... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Disable or Modify Cloud Logs | An adversary may disable or modify cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. Cloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the environment. If an a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/008 external_id: T1562.008 source_name: Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs description: Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020. url: https... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Security Software Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as cloud monitoring agents and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://att... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001 external_id: T1518.001 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Hidden Window | Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environments when carrying out ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/003 external_id: T1564.003 source_name: Hidden VNC description: Hutchins, Marcus. (2015, September 13). Hidden VNC for Beginners. Retrieved November 28, 2023. url: https://www.malwaretech.com/2015/09/hidden-vnc-for-beginners.html sourc... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Python | Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and dis... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006 external_id: T1059.006 source_name: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020 description: Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021. u... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Identify Roles | Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have access to.
Adversari... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/004 external_id: T1591.004 source_name: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak description: Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://threatpost.com/bro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Data Encoding | Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or oth... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132 external_id: T1132 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.org/ftp/a... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
AppInit DLLs | Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/010 external_id: T1546.010 source_name: Elastic Process Injection July 2017 description: Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved Decem... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Phishing for Information | Adversaries may send phishing messages to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Phishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Phishing for information is different from [Phishing](https://attack.mitre... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598 external_id: T1598 source_name: ACSC Email Spoofing description: Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020. url: https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/d... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Resource Hijacking | Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.
One common purpose for Resource Hijacking is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496 external_id: T1496 source_name: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware description: Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021. url: https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Establish Accounts | Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This developmen... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585 external_id: T1585 source_name: Free Trial PurpleUrchin description: Gamazo, William. Quist, Nathaniel.. (2023, January 5). PurpleUrchin Bypasses CAPTCHA and Steals Cloud Platform Resources. Retrieved February 28, 2024. url: https://unit42... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Obtain Capabilities | Adversaries may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than developing their own capabilities in-house, adversaries may purchase, freely download, or steal them. Activities may include the acquisition of malware, software (including licenses), exploits, certificates, and information rel... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588 external_id: T1588 source_name: NationsBuying description: Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017. url: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Screensaver | Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver applic... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/002 external_id: T1546.002 source_name: ESET Gazer Aug 2017 description: ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017. url: https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Conditional Access Policies | Adversaries may disable or modify conditional access policies to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Conditional access policies are additional verifications used by identity providers and identity and access management systems to determine whether a user should be granted access to a resource.
For examp... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/009 external_id: T1556.009 source_name: AWS IAM Conditions description: AWS. (n.d.). IAM JSON policy elements: Condition. Retrieved January 2, 2024. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_conditio... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Azure AD | enterprise-attack |
Create Cloud Instance | An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https:/... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002 external_id: T1578.002 source_name: Mandiant M-Trends 2020 description: Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020. url: https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020 source_name: AWS CloudTrail Se... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Secrets Management Stores | Adversaries may acquire credentials from cloud-native secret management solutions such as AWS Secrets Manager, GCP Secret Manager, Azure Key Vault, and Terraform Vault.
Secrets managers support the secure centralized management of passwords, API keys, and other credential material. Where secrets managers are in use,... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/006 external_id: T1555.006 source_name: Sysdig ScarletEel 2.0 2023 description: Alessandro Brucato. (2023, July 11). SCARLETEEL 2.0: Fargate, Kubernetes, and Crypto. Retrieved September 25, 2023. url: https://sysdig.com/blog/scarleteel-2-0... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Code Repositories | Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code rep... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003 external_id: T1213.003 source_name: Wired Uber Breach description: Andy Greenberg. (2017, January 21). Hack Brief: Uber Paid Off Hackers to Hide a 57-Million User Data Breach. Retrieved May 14, 2021. url: https://www.wired.com/story/ub... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | SaaS | enterprise-attack |
Transmitted Data Manipulation | Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002 external_id: T1565.002 source_name: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018 description: Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019. url: https://www.justice.gov/o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Linux | enterprise-attack |
/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow | Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information including password hashes in <code>/... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/008 external_id: T1003.008 source_name: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats description: The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Linux Password and Shadow File Formats. Retrieved February 19, 2020. url: https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lame/LA... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Launch Agent | Adversaries may create or modify launch agents to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (.plist) file found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchAgents</cod... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001 external_id: T1543.001 source_name: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons description: Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017. url: https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptua... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
System Services | Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569 external_id: T1569 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Windows Command Shell | Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for differe... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003 external_id: T1059.003 source_name: SSH in Windows description: Microsoft. (2020, May 19). Tutorial: SSH in Windows Terminal. Retrieved July 26, 2021. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/tutorials/ssh | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Proc Memory | Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the /proc filesystem in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Proc memory injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
Proc memory injection involves enumerating the m... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/009 external_id: T1055.009 source_name: Uninformed Needle description: skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017. url: http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt source_name: GDS ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Acquire Access | Adversaries may purchase or otherwise acquire an existing access to a target system or network. A variety of online services and initial access broker networks are available to sell access to previously compromised systems.(Citation: Microsoft Ransomware as a Service)(Citation: CrowdStrike Access Brokers)(Citation: Kre... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1650 external_id: T1650 source_name: Krebs Access Brokers Fortune 500 description: Brian Krebs. (2012, October 22). Service Sells Access to Fortune 500 Firms. Retrieved March 10, 2023. url: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2012/10/service-sells-acce... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Patch System Image | Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: Juniper Netscreen of... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001 external_id: T1601.001 source_name: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits description: Sebastian 'topo' Muñiz. (2008, May). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://drwho.virtadpt.net/images/kil... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Network | enterprise-attack |
Silver Ticket | Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets)
Silver tickets are more limited in scope in th... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002 external_id: T1558.002 source_name: ADSecurity Silver Tickets description: Sean Metcalf. (2015, November 17). How Attackers Use Kerberos Silver Tickets to Exploit Systems. Retrieved February 27, 2020. url: https://adsecurity.org/?p=201... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Data from Information Repositories | Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in further objectives, or di... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213 external_id: T1213 source_name: Atlassian Confluence Logging description: Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018. url: https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logg... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Clear Persistence | Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), [Plist File Modification](https://att... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/009 external_id: T1070.009 source_name: Cylance Dust Storm description: Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved December 22, 2021. url: https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/know... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Windows Credential Manager | Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manag... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004 external_id: T1555.004 source_name: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault description: Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). The Windows Vault . Retrieved November 23, 2020. url: https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2016/01/the-windows-vaults/ source_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Hardware Additions | Adversaries may introduce computer accessories, networking hardware, or other computing devices into a system or network that can be used as a vector to gain access. Rather than just connecting and distributing payloads via removable storage (i.e. [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/technique... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200 external_id: T1200 source_name: Ossmann Star Feb 2011 description: Michael Ossmann. (2011, February 17). Throwing Star LAN Tap. Retrieved March 30, 2018. url: https://ossmann.blogspot.com/2011/02/throwing-star-lan-tap.html source_name:... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Server Software Component | Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries may install malicious... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505 external_id: T1505 source_name: volexity_0day_sophos_FW description: Adair, S., Lancaster, T., Volexity Threat Research. (2022, June 15). DriftingCloud: Zero-Day Sophos Firewall Exploitation and an Insidious Breach. Retrieved July 1, 2022. ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Data Destruction | Adversaries may destroy data and files on specific systems or in large numbers on a network to interrupt availability to systems, services, and network resources. Data destruction is likely to render stored data irrecoverable by forensic techniques through overwriting files or data on local and remote drives.(Citation:... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485 external_id: T1485 source_name: DOJ - Cisco Insider description: DOJ. (2020, August 26). San Jose Man Pleads Guilty To Damaging Cisco’s Network. Retrieved December 15, 2020. url: https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/san-jose-man-pleads-gu... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Non-Standard Encoding | Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/002 external_id: T1132.002 source_name: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding description: Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017. url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding source_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Domain Controller Authentication | Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts.
Malware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/001 external_id: T1556.001 source_name: Dell Skeleton description: Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019. url: https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis so... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Transfer Data to Cloud Account | Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including through sharing/syncing and creating backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service.
A defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over comm... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537 external_id: T1537 source_name: AWS EBS Snapshot Sharing description: Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Share an Amazon EBS snapshot. Retrieved March 2, 2022. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-modifying-snapshot-permi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
HTML Smuggling | Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign HTML files. HTML documents can store large binary objects known as JavaScript Blobs (immutable data that represents raw bytes) that can later be constructed into file-like objects. Data may also be stored... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/006 external_id: T1027.006 source_name: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018 description: Hegt, S. (2018, August 14). HTML smuggling explained. Retrieved May 20, 2021. url: https://outflank.nl/blog/2018/08/14/html-smuggling-explained/ source_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Reversible Encryption | An adversary may abuse Active Directory authentication encryption properties to gain access to credentials on Windows systems. The <code>AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption</code> property specifies whether reversible password encryption for an account is enabled or disabled. By default this property is disabled (instead... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/005 external_id: T1556.005 source_name: store_pwd_rev_enc description: Microsoft. (2021, October 28). Store passwords using reversible encryption. Retrieved January 3, 2022. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-pro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Command Obfuscation | Adversaries may obfuscate content during command execution to impede detection. Command-line obfuscation is a method of making strings and patterns within commands and scripts more difficult to signature and analyze. This type of obfuscation can be included within commands executed by delivered payloads (e.g., [Phishin... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010 external_id: T1027.010 source_name: Twitter Richard WMIC description: Ackroyd, R. (2023, March 24). Twitter. Retrieved March 24, 2023. url: https://twitter.com/rfackroyd/status/1639136000755765254 source_name: Invoke-Obfuscation d... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
File Deletion | Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary (ex: [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. R... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004 external_id: T1070.004 source_name: Microsoft SDelete July 2016 description: Russinovich, M. (2016, July 4). SDelete v2.0. Retrieved February 8, 2018. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sdelete | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Drive-by Compromise | Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing. With this technique, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation, but adversaries may also use compromised websites for non-exploitation behavior such as acquiring [Application Access Token](h... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189 external_id: T1189 source_name: Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise description: Adair, S., Moran, N. (2012, May 15). Cyber Espionage & Strategic Web Compromises – Trusted Websites Serving Dangerous Results. Retrieved March 13, 2018. url... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: initial-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Network Denial of Service | Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users. Network DoS can be performed by exhausting the network bandwidth services rely on. Example resources include specific websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversarie... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498 external_id: T1498 source_name: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016 description: Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong’s Pro-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: impact | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Administration Command | Adversaries may abuse cloud management services to execute commands within virtual machines. Resources such as AWS Systems Manager, Azure RunCommand, and Runbooks allow users to remotely run scripts in virtual machines by leveraging installed virtual machine agents. (Citation: AWS Systems Manager Run Command)(Citation:... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1651 external_id: T1651 source_name: AWS Systems Manager Run Command description: AWS. (n.d.). AWS Systems Manager Run Command. Retrieved March 13, 2023. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/run-command.html sou... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Installer Packages | Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by using an installer to trigger the execution of malicious content. Installer packages are OS specific and contain the resources an operating system needs to install applications on a system. Installer packages can include scripts that run prior to installat... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/016 external_id: T1546.016 source_name: Application Bundle Manipulation Brandon Dalton description: Brandon Dalton. (2022, August 9). A bundle of nerves: Tweaking macOS security controls to thwart application bundle manipulation. Retrieved ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Scanning IP Blocks | Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses.
Adversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), s... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/001 external_id: T1595.001 source_name: Botnet Scan description: Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a “/0” Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Template Injection | Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXM... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221 external_id: T1221 source_name: Microsoft Open XML July 2017 description: Microsoft. (2014, July 9). Introducing the Office (2007) Open XML File Formats. Retrieved July 20, 2018. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/office/dev... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
RC Scripts | Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts which are executed during a Unix-like system’s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify.
Adversaries can establish persistence by addi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/004 external_id: T1037.004 source_name: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd description: Apple. (2016, September 13). Daemons and Services Programming Guide - Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved February 24, 2021. url: https://d... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Access Token Manipulation | Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134 external_id: T1134 source_name: BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation description: Atkinson, J., Winchester, R. (2017, December 7). A Process is No One: Hunting for Token Manipulation. Retrieved December 21, 2017. url: https://ww... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Multi-Factor Authentication Interception | Adversaries may target multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms, (i.e., smart cards, token generators, etc.) to gain access to credentials that can be used to access systems, services, and network resources. Use of MFA is recommended and provides a higher level of security than usernames and passwords alone, but or... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111 external_id: T1111 source_name: GCN RSA June 2011 description: Jackson, William. (2011, June 7). RSA confirms its tokens used in Lockheed hack. Retrieved September 24, 2018. url: https://gcn.com/cybersecurity/2011/06/rsa-confirms-its-token... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Software Packing | Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002 external_id: T1027.002 source_name: Awesome Executable Packing description: Alexandre D'Hondt. (n.d.). Awesome Executable Packing. Retrieved March 11, 2022. url: https://github.com/dhondta/awesome-executable-packing source_name: ES... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Serverless | Adversaries may compromise serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers or AWS Lambda functions, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations back to them.
Once compromised, the serve... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/007 external_id: T1584.007 source_name: AWS Lambda Redirector description: Adam Chester. (2020, February 25). AWS Lambda Redirector. Retrieved July 8, 2022. url: https://blog.xpnsec.com/aws-lambda-redirector/ source_name: Detecting Com... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Web Protocols | Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Proto... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001 external_id: T1071.001 source_name: CrowdStrike Putter Panda description: Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016. url: http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/ass... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Visual Basic | Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Window... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005 external_id: T1059.005 source_name: VB .NET Mar 2020 description: .NET Team. (2020, March 11). Visual Basic support planned for .NET 5.0. Retrieved June 23, 2020. url: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/vbteam/visual-basic-support-planned-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Hidden File System | Adversaries may use a hidden file system to conceal malicious activity from users and security tools. File systems provide a structure to store and access data from physical storage. Typically, a user engages with a file system through applications that allow them to access files and directories, which are an abstracti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/005 external_id: T1564.005 source_name: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014 description: Hutchins, M. (2014, November 28). Virtual File Systems for Beginners. Retrieved June 22, 2020. url: https://www.malwaretech.com/2014/11/virtual-file-systems-for-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Systemd Service | Adversaries may create or modify systemd services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Systemd is a system and service manager commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014) Systemd ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002 external_id: T1543.002 source_name: airwalk backdoor unix systems description: airwalk. (2023, January 1). A guide to backdooring Unix systems. Retrieved May 31, 2023. url: http://www.ouah.org/backdoors.html source_name: Anomali Ro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
RDP Hijacking | Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user’s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementatio... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/002 external_id: T1563.002 source_name: RDP Hijacking Medium description: Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking — how to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017. u... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Create Account | Adversaries may create an account to maintain access to victim systems.(Citation: Symantec WastedLocker June 2020) With a sufficient level of access, creating such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.
Accounts m... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136 external_id: T1136 source_name: Microsoft User Creation Event description: Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/thre... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
XDG Autostart Entries | Adversaries may add or modify XDG Autostart Entries to execute malicious programs or commands when a user’s desktop environment is loaded at login. XDG Autostart entries are available for any XDG-compliant Linux system. XDG Autostart entries use Desktop Entry files (`.desktop`) to configure the user’s desktop environme... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/013 external_id: T1547.013 source_name: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006 description: Free Desktop. (2006, February 13). Desktop Application Autostart Specification. Retrieved September 12, 2019. url: https://specifications.free... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Server | Adversaries may compromise third-party servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control.(Citation: TrendMicro EarthLusca 2022) In... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004 external_id: T1584.004 source_name: TrendMicro EarthLusca 2022 description: Chen, J., et al. (2022). Delving Deep: An Analysis of Earth Lusca’s Operations. Retrieved July 1, 2022. url: https://www.trendmicro.com/content/dam/trendmicro/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Service Discovery | An adversary may attempt to enumerate the cloud services running on a system after gaining access. These methods can differ from platform-as-a-service (PaaS), to infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many services exist throughout the various cloud providers and can include Continuous Int... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526 external_id: T1526 source_name: Azure AD Graph API description: Microsoft. (2016, March 26). Operations overview | Graph API concepts. Retrieved June 18, 2020. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/azure/ad/graph/howto/az... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Azure AD | enterprise-attack |
Remote System Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be us... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018 external_id: T1018 source_name: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021 description: CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021. url: https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Network Service Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Common methods to acquire this information include port and/or vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system.(Ci... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046 external_id: T1046 source_name: apple doco bonjour description description: Apple Inc. (2013, April 23). Bonjour Overview. Retrieved October 11, 2021. url: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/NetServi... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Domain Properties | Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network domain(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about domains and their properties may include a variety of details, including what domain(s) the victim owns as well as administrative data (ex: name, registrar, etc.) and more directly actionable inf... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/001 external_id: T1590.001 source_name: Circl Passive DNS description: CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/ source_name: Azure Active ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Software Discovery | Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518 external_id: T1518 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Cloud Service Dashboard | An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, findings of potential security risks, and to run additional... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538 external_id: T1538 source_name: AWS Console Sign-in Events description: Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Console Sign-in Events. Retrieved October 23, 2019. url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-event-reference-aws-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Azure AD | enterprise-attack |
Thread Local Storage | Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via thread local storage (TLS) callbacks in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. TLS callback injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
TLS callback injection involves... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005 external_id: T1055.005 source_name: FireEye TLS Nov 2017 description: Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved December 18,... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Debugger Evasion | Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid debuggers. Debuggers are typically used by defenders to trace and/or analyze the execution of potential malware payloads.(Citation: ProcessHacker Github)
Debugger evasion may include changing behaviors based on the results of the checks for the presence of artif... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1622 external_id: T1622 source_name: Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021 description: Check Point Research. (2021, January 4). Stopping Serial Killer: Catching the Next Strike. Retrieved September 7, 2021. url: https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/stopp... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: discovery | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Space after Filename | Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system.
For example, if there is a Mach-O executable file... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/006 external_id: T1036.006 source_name: Mac Backdoors are back description: Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017. url: https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Re-opened Applications | Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. When a user logs out or restarts via the macOS Graphical User Interface (GUI), a prompt is provided to the user with a checkbox to "Reopen windows when logging back in".(Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac) When selected, all appli... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/007 external_id: T1547.007 source_name: Re-Open windows on Mac description: Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017. url: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005 ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
SEO Poisoning | Adversaries may poison mechanisms that influence search engine optimization (SEO) to further lure staged capabilities towards potential victims. Search engines typically display results to users based on purchased ads as well as the site’s ranking/score/reputation calculated by their web crawlers and algorithms.(Citati... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/006 external_id: T1608.006 source_name: MalwareBytes SEO description: Arntz, P. (2018, May 29). SEO poisoning: Is it worth it?. Retrieved September 30, 2022. url: https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2018/05/seo-poisoning-is-it-worth-it ... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Pass the Hash | Adversaries may “pass the hash” using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that requi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002 external_id: T1550.002 source_name: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash description: Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021. url: https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpas... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Exfiltration Over Physical Medium | Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data via a physical medium, such as a removable drive. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a physical medium or device introduced by a user. Such media could be an external hard drive, USB drive, cellular phone, MP3 playe... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052 external_id: T1052 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: exfiltration | Linux | enterprise-attack |
DLL Side-Loading | Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the vi... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/002 external_id: T1574.002 source_name: FireEye DLL Side-Loading description: Amanda Steward. (2014). FireEye DLL Side-Loading: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved March 13, 2020. url: https://www.fireeye.com/content/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Ingress Tool Transfer | Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external adversary-controlled system to the victim network through the command and control channel or through alternate protocols such as [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S00... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105 external_id: T1105 source_name: T1105: Trellix_search-ms description: Mathanraj Thangaraju, Sijo Jacob. (2023, July 26). Beyond File Search: A Novel Method for Exploiting the "search-ms" URI Protocol Handler. Retrieved March 15, 2024. url... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
SyncAppvPublishingServer | Adversaries may abuse SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs to proxy execution of malicious [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands. SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs is a Visual Basic script associated with how Windows virtualizes applications (Microsoft Application Virtualization, or App-V).(Citation: ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216/002 external_id: T1216.002 source_name: 4 - appv description: John Fokker. (2022, March 17). Suspected DarkHotel APT activity update. Retrieved February 6, 2024. url: https://www.trellix.com/en-ca/about/newsroom/stories/research/suspected-... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Additional Email Delegate Permissions | Adversaries may grant additional permission levels to maintain persistent access to an adversary-controlled email account.
For example, the <code>Add-MailboxPermission</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet, available in on-premises Exchange and in the cloud-based service Office 365... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002 external_id: T1098.002 source_name: Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019 description: Bienstock, D.. (2019). BECS and Beyond: Investigating and Defending O365. Retrieved September 13, 2019. url: https://www.slideshare.net/DouglasBiens... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Code Signing Certificates | Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/003 external_id: T1588.003 source_name: Wikipedia Code Signing description: Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016. url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Serverless Execution | Adversaries may abuse serverless computing, integration, and automation services to execute arbitrary code in cloud environments. Many cloud providers offer a variety of serverless resources, including compute engines, application integration services, and web servers.
Adversaries may abuse these resources in various... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1648 external_id: T1648 source_name: Microsoft DART Case Report 001 description: Berk Veral. (2020, March 9). Real-life cybercrime stories from DART, the Microsoft Detection and Response Team. Retrieved May 27, 2022. url: https://www.microsoft.... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | SaaS | enterprise-attack |
TCC Manipulation | Adversaries can manipulate or abuse the Transparency, Consent, & Control (TCC) service or database to execute malicious applications with elevated permissions. TCC is a Privacy & Security macOS control mechanism used to determine if the running process has permission to access the data or services protected by TCC, suc... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/006 external_id: T1548.006 source_name: welivesecurity TCC description: Marc-Etienne M.Léveillé. (2022, July 19). I see what you did there: A look at the CloudMensis macOS spyware. Retrieved March 21, 2024. url: https://www.welivesecurity.... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Ptrace System Calls | Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
Ptrace system call injecti... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008 external_id: T1055.008 source_name: PTRACE man description: Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 9). PTRACE(2) - Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved February 21, 2020. url: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ptrace.2.html source_name: Me... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Power Settings | Adversaries may impair a system's ability to hibernate, reboot, or shut down in order to extend access to infected machines. When a computer enters a dormant state, some or all software and hardware may cease to operate which can disrupt malicious activity.(Citation: Sleep, shut down, hibernate)
Adversaries may abuse ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1653 external_id: T1653 source_name: Sleep, shut down, hibernate description: AVG. (n.d.). Should You Shut Down, Sleep or Hibernate Your PC or Mac Laptop?. Retrieved June 8, 2023. url: https://www.avg.com/en/signal/should-you-shut-down-sleep-or... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Dynamic API Resolution | Adversaries may obfuscate then dynamically resolve API functions called by their malware in order to conceal malicious functionalities and impair defensive analysis. Malware commonly uses various [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions provided by the OS to perform various tasks such as those ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/007 external_id: T1027.007 source_name: Huntress API Hash description: Brennan, M. (2022, February 16). Hackers No Hashing: Randomizing API Hashes to Evade Cobalt Strike Shellcode Detection. Retrieved August 22, 2022. url: https://www.hunt... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Remote Desktop Protocol | Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.
Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001 external_id: T1021.001 source_name: Alperovitch Malware description: Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014. url: http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/ sou... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Logon Script (Windows) | Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the <code>HKCU\Environmen... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/001 external_id: T1037.001 source_name: TechNet Logon Scripts description: Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Creating logon scripts. Retrieved April 27, 2016. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758918(v=ws.10).aspx source_... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
ListPlanting | Adversaries may abuse list-view controls to inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. ListPlanting is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Code executed via ListPlanting may also evade d... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/015 external_id: T1055.015 source_name: Microsoft List View Controls description: Microsoft. (2021, May 25). About List-View Controls. Retrieved January 4, 2022. url: https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/controls/list-view-controls-ove... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Hide Infrastructure | Adversaries may manipulate network traffic in order to hide and evade detection of their C2 infrastructure. This can be accomplished in various ways including by identifying and filtering traffic from defensive tools,(Citation: TA571) masking malicious domains to obfuscate the true destination from both automated scann... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665 external_id: T1665 source_name: SocGholish-update description: Andrew Northern. (2022, November 22). SocGholish, a very real threat from a very fake update. Retrieved February 13, 2024. url: https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insigh... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | macOS | enterprise-attack |
Domain or Tenant Policy Modification | Adversaries may modify the configuration settings of a domain or identity tenant to evade defenses and/or escalate privileges in centrally managed environments. Such services provide a centralized means of managing identity resources such as devices and accounts, and often include configuration settings that may apply ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484 external_id: T1484 source_name: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection description: CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021. url: https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
XSL Script Processing | Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded sc... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1220 external_id: T1220 source_name: Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018 description: Admin. (2018, March 2). Spear-phishing campaign leveraging on MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018. url: https://reaqta.com/2018/03/spear-phishing-campaign-leveragin... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Scan Databases | Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/005 external_id: T1596.005 source_name: Shodan description: Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://shodan.io | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Hidden Files and Directories | Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal co... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001 external_id: T1564.001 source_name: Sofacy Komplex Trojan description: Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017. url: https://researchcenter.paloaltonetwork... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Create Snapshot | An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001 external_id: T1578.001 source_name: Mandiant M-Trends 2020 description: Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020. url: https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020 source_name: AWS Cloud Trail B... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: defense-evasion | IaaS | enterprise-attack |
Determine Physical Locations | Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or aut... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/001 external_id: T1591.001 source_name: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak description: Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020. url: https://threatpost.com/bro... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: reconnaissance | PRE | enterprise-attack |
Office Test | Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office "Office Test" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Micros... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/002 external_id: T1137.002 source_name: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy description: Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017. url: https://resear... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: persistence | Windows | enterprise-attack |
Develop Capabilities | Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exploits, and self-sign... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587 external_id: T1587 source_name: Mandiant APT1 description: Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016. url: https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-repo... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: resource-development | PRE | enterprise-attack |
NTDS | Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit</co... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003 external_id: T1003.003 source_name: Metcalf 2015 description: Metcalf, S. (2015, January 19). Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest. Retrieved February 3, 20... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: credential-access | Windows | enterprise-attack |
SNMP (MIB Dump) | Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
The MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers (OID). Each OID ide... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/001 external_id: T1602.001 source_name: SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP description: Michael Stump. (2003). Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP: A Look atNet-SNMP (SNMPv3). Retrieved October 19... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: collection | Network | enterprise-attack |
Steganography | Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In ... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/002 external_id: T1001.002 source_name: University of Birmingham C2 description: Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016. url: https://arxiv.o... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: command-and-control | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Malicious Link | An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to click on a link that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techn... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001 external_id: T1204.001 | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: execution | Linux | enterprise-attack |
Application Access Token | Adversaries may use stolen application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users or services and used in lieu of login credentials.
Application access tokens are used to make author... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001 external_id: T1550.001 source_name: Crowdstrike AWS User Federation Persistence description: Vaishnav Murthy and Joel Eng. (2023, January 30). How Adversaries Can Persist with AWS User Federation. Retrieved March 10, 2023. url: https:... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: lateral-movement | Office 365 | enterprise-attack |
LSASS Driver | Adversaries may modify or add LSASS drivers to obtain persistence on compromised systems. The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user au... | source_name: mitre-attack url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/008 external_id: T1547.008 source_name: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014 description: Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017. url: https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.asp... | kill_chain_name: mitre-attack phase_name: privilege-escalation | Windows | enterprise-attack |
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