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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar_-_for_%22REAL%22_programmers
Calendar - for "REAL" programmers
Task Provide an algorithm as per the Calendar task, except the entire code for the algorithm must be presented   entirely without lowercase. Also - as per many 1969 era line printers - format the calendar to nicely fill a page that is 132 characters wide. (Hint: manually convert the code from the Calendar task to al...
#Elena
Elena
import system'text; import system'routines; import system'calendar; import extensions; import extensions'routines;   const MonthNames = new string[]{"JANUARY","FEBRUARY","MARCH","APRIL","MAY","JUNE","JULY","AUGUST","SEPTEMBER","OCTOBER", "NOVEMBER","DECEMBER"}; const DayNames = new strin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_foreign-language_function
Call a foreign-language function
Task Show how a foreign language function can be called from the language. As an example, consider calling functions defined in the C language. Create a string containing "Hello World!" of the string type typical to the language. Pass the string content to C's strdup. The content can be copied if necessary. Get the...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
#include <napi.h> #include <openssl/md5.h>   #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using namespace Napi;   Napi::Value md5sum(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) { std::string input = info[0].ToString();   unsigned char result[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH]; MD5((unsigned char*)input.c_str()...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function
Call a function
Task Demonstrate the different syntax and semantics provided for calling a function. This may include:   Calling a function that requires no arguments   Calling a function with a fixed number of arguments   Calling a function with optional arguments   Calling a function with a variable number of arguments   C...
#BQN
BQN
{𝕊 ·: 1 + 1}0
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cantor_set
Cantor set
Task Draw a Cantor set. See details at this Wikipedia webpage:   Cantor set
#Nim
Nim
import strutils   const Width = 81 Height = 5   var lines: array[Height, string] for line in lines.mitems: line = repeat('*', Width)   proc cantor(start, length, index: Natural) = let seg = length div 3 if seg == 0: return for i in index..<Height: for j in (start + seg)..<(start + seg * 2): lines[i]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cantor_set
Cantor set
Task Draw a Cantor set. See details at this Wikipedia webpage:   Cantor set
#Objeck
Objeck
class CantorSet { WIDTH : static : Int; HEIGHT : static : Int; lines : static : Char[,];   function : Init() ~ Nil { WIDTH := 81; HEIGHT := 5; lines := Char->New[HEIGHT, WIDTH];   each(i : HEIGHT) { each(j : WIDTH) { lines[i,j] := '*'; }; }; }   function : Cantor(star...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calkin-Wilf_sequence
Calkin-Wilf sequence
The Calkin-Wilf sequence contains every nonnegative rational number exactly once. It can be calculated recursively as follows: a1 = 1 an+1 = 1/(2⌊an⌋+1-an) for n > 1 Task part 1 Show on this page terms 1 through 20 of the Calkin-Wilf sequence. To avoid floating point error, you may want to ...
#Wren
Wren
import "/rat" for Rat import "/fmt" for Fmt, Conv   var calkinWilf = Fn.new { |n| var cw = List.filled(n, null) cw[0] = Rat.one for (i in 1...n) { var t = cw[i-1].floor * 2 - cw[i-1] + 1 cw[i] = Rat.one / t } return cw }   var toContinued = Fn.new { |r| var a = r.num var b = ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines
Casting out nines
Task   (in three parts) Part 1 Write a procedure (say c o 9 ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathit {co9}}(x)} ) which implements Casting Out Nines as described by returning the checksum for x {\displaystyle x} . Demonstrate the procedure using the examples given there, or others you may consider lucky. Par...
#Wren
Wren
var castOut = Fn.new { |base, start, end| var b = base - 1 var ran = (0...b).where { |n| n % b == (n * n) % b } var x = (start/b).floor var result = [] while (true) { for (n in ran) { var k = b*x + n if (k >= start) { if (k > end) return result ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Carmichael_3_strong_pseudoprimes
Carmichael 3 strong pseudoprimes
A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to investigate such numbers using a met...
#Swift
Swift
import Foundation   extension BinaryInteger { @inlinable public var isPrime: Bool { if self == 0 || self == 1 { return false } else if self == 2 { return true }   let max = Self(ceil((Double(self).squareRoot())))   for i in stride(from: 2, through: max, by: 1) { if self % i == ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Carmichael_3_strong_pseudoprimes
Carmichael 3 strong pseudoprimes
A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to investigate such numbers using a met...
#Tcl
Tcl
proc carmichael {limit {rounds 10}} { set carmichaels {} for {set p1 2} {$p1 <= $limit} {incr p1} { if {![miller_rabin $p1 $rounds]} continue for {set h3 2} {$h3 < $p1} {incr h3} { set g [expr {$h3 + $p1}] for {set d 1} {$d < $h3+$p1} {incr d} { if {(($h3+$p1)*($p1-1))%$d != 0} continue if {(-($...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catamorphism
Catamorphism
Reduce is a function or method that is used to take the values in an array or a list and apply a function to successive members of the list to produce (or reduce them to), a single value. Task Show how reduce (or foldl or foldr etc), work (or would be implemented) in your language. See also Wikipedia article: ...
#Oberon-2
Oberon-2
  MODULE Catamorphism; IMPORT Object, NPCT:Tools, NPCT:Args, IntStr, Out;   TYPE BinaryFunc= PROCEDURE (x,y: LONGINT): LONGINT;   VAR data: POINTER TO ARRAY OF LONGINT; i: LONGINT;   PROCEDURE Sum(x,y: LONGINT): LONGINT; BEGIN RETURN x + y END Sum;   PROCEDURE Sub(x,y: LONGINT): LONGINT; B...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#Standard_ML
Standard ML
let val dog = "Benjamin" val Dog = "Samba" val DOG = "Bernie" in print("The three dogs are named " ^ dog ^ ", " ^ Dog ^ ", and " ^ DOG ^ ".\n") end;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#Stata
Stata
. local dog Benjamin . local Dog Samba . local DOG Bernie . display "The three dogs are named $_dog, $_Dog, and $_DOG." The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba, and Bernie.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cartesian_product_of_two_or_more_lists
Cartesian product of two or more lists
Task Show one or more idiomatic ways of generating the Cartesian product of two arbitrary lists in your language. Demonstrate that your function/method correctly returns: {1, 2} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)} and, in contrast: {3, 4} × {1, 2} = {(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2)} Also demonstrate, using y...
#Prolog
Prolog
  product([A|_], Bs, [A, B]) :- member(B, Bs). product([_|As], Bs, X) :- product(As, Bs, X).  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catalan_numbers
Catalan numbers
Catalan numbers You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Catalan numbers are a sequence of numbers which can be defined directly: C n = 1 n + 1 ( 2 n n ) = ( 2 n ) ! ( n + 1 ) ! n !  for  n ≥ 0. {\displaystyle C...
#Factor
Factor
USING: kernel math math.combinatorics prettyprint ;   : catalan ( n -- n ) [ 1 + recip ] [ 2 * ] [ nCk * ] tri ;   15 [ catalan . ] each-integer
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#Scala
Scala
/* This class implicitly includes a constructor which accepts an Int and * creates "val variable1: Int" with that value. */ class MyClass(val memberVal: Int) { // Acts like a getter, getter automatically generated. var variable2 = "asdf" // Another instance variable; a public mutable this time def this() = this(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#Rust
Rust
#![allow(unused_unsafe)] extern crate libc;   use std::io::{self,Write}; use std::{mem,ffi,process};   use libc::{c_double, RTLD_NOW};   // Small macro which wraps turning a string-literal into a c-string. // This is always safe to call, and the resulting pointer has 'static lifetime macro_rules! to_cstr { ($s:expr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#Scala
Scala
import net.java.dev.sna.SNA import com.sun.jna.ptr.IntByReference   object GetDiskFreeSpace extends App with SNA {   snaLibrary = "Kernel32" // Native library name /* * Important Note! * * The val holding the SNA-returned function must have the same name as the native function itself * (see line following this c...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brilliant_numbers
Brilliant numbers
Brilliant numbers are a subset of semiprime numbers. Specifically, they are numbers that are the product of exactly two prime numbers that both have the same number of digits when expressed in base 10. Brilliant numbers are useful in cryptography and when testing prime factoring algorithms. E.G. 3 × 3 (9) is a bri...
#J
J
oprimes=: {{ NB. all primes of order y p:(+i.)/-/\ p:inv +/\1 9*10^y }}   obrill=: {{ NB. all brilliant numbers of order y primes ~.,*/~oprimes y }}   brillseq=: {{ NB. sequences of brilliant numbers up through order y-1 primes /:~;obrill each i.y }}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brilliant_numbers
Brilliant numbers
Brilliant numbers are a subset of semiprime numbers. Specifically, they are numbers that are the product of exactly two prime numbers that both have the same number of digits when expressed in base 10. Brilliant numbers are useful in cryptography and when testing prime factoring algorithms. E.G. 3 × 3 (9) is a bri...
#Java
Java
import java.util.*;   public class BrilliantNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { var primesByDigits = getPrimesByDigits(100000000); System.out.println("First 100 brilliant numbers:"); List<Integer> brilliantNumbers = new ArrayList<>(); for (var primes : primesByDigits) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar
Calendar
Create a routine that will generate a text calendar for any year. Test the calendar by generating a calendar for the year 1969, on a device of the time. Choose one of the following devices: A line printer with a width of 132 characters. An IBM 3278 model 4 terminal (80×43 display with accented characters). Target fo...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Calendar.Formatting;   package Printable_Calendar is   subtype String20 is String(1 .. 20); type Month_Rep_Type is array (Ada.Calendar.Month_Number) of String20;   type Description is record Weekday_Rep: String20; Month_Rep: Month_Rep_Type; end record; -- for internationalization, yo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Break_OO_privacy
Break OO privacy
Show how to access private or protected members of a class in an object-oriented language from outside an instance of the class, without calling non-private or non-protected members of the class as a proxy. The intent is to show how a debugger, serializer, or other meta-programming tool might access information that is...
#Ada
Ada
package OO_Privacy is   type Confidential_Stuff is tagged private; subtype Password_Type is String(1 .. 8);   private type Confidential_Stuff is tagged record Password: Password_Type := "default!"; -- the "secret" end record; end OO_Privacy;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Break_OO_privacy
Break OO privacy
Show how to access private or protected members of a class in an object-oriented language from outside an instance of the class, without calling non-private or non-protected members of the class as a proxy. The intent is to show how a debugger, serializer, or other meta-programming tool might access information that is...
#C.23
C#
using System; using System.Reflection;   public class MyClass { private int answer = 42; }   public class Program { public static void Main() { var myInstance = new MyClass(); var fieldInfo = typeof(MyClass).GetField("answer", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); var answ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brownian_tree
Brownian tree
Brownian tree You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw a   Brownian Tree. A Brownian Tree is generated as a result of an initial seed, followed by the interaction of two processes. The initial "seed" is placed somewhere wi...
#Action.21
Action!
BYTE FUNC CheckNeighbors(CARD x BYTE y) IF Locate(x-1,y-1)=1 THEN RETURN (1) FI IF Locate(x,y-1)=1 THEN RETURN (1) FI IF Locate(x+1,y-1)=1 THEN RETURN (1) FI IF Locate(x-1,y)=1 THEN RETURN (1) FI IF Locate(x+1,y)=1 THEN RETURN (1) FI IF Locate(x-1,y+1)=1 THEN RETURN (1) FI IF Locate(x,y+1)=1 THEN RETURN (...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows
Bulls and cows
Bulls and Cows Task Create a four digit random number from the digits   1   to   9,   without duplication. The program should:   ask for guesses to this number   reject guesses that are malformed   print the score for the guess The score is computed as: The player wins if the guess is the same as the random...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
STRING digits = "123456789";   [4]CHAR chosen; STRING available := digits; FOR i TO UPB chosen DO INT c = ENTIER(random*UPB available)+1; chosen[i] := available[c]; available := available[:c-1]+available[c+1:] OD;   COMMENT print((chosen, new line)); # Debug # END COMMENT   OP D = (INT d)STRING: whole(d,...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform
Burrows–Wheeler transform
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Burrows–Wheeler_transform. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-s...
#J
J
NB. transform and inverse bwt=: {:"1@:(/:~ :[:)@:(|."0 1~ -@:i.@:#)@:((2{a.) , ,&(3{a.))@:(([ ('STX or ETX invalid in input' (13!:8) 21 + 0:))^:(1 e. (2 3{a.)&e.)) :.(}.@:}:@:({~ ((3{a.) [: :i.~ {:"1))@:((,"0 1 /:~ :[:)^:(#@[)&(0$00))) NB. demonstrate the transform A=: <@bwt ;._2 ] 0 :0 tests[0] = "ban...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform
Burrows–Wheeler transform
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Burrows–Wheeler_transform. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-s...
#Java
Java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;   public class BWT { private static final String STX = "\u0002"; private static final String ETX = "\u0003";   private static String bwt(String s) { if (s.contains(STX) || s.contains(ETX)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("String can...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher
Caesar cipher
Task Implement a Caesar cipher, both encoding and decoding. The key is an integer from 1 to 25. This cipher rotates (either towards left or right) the letters of the alphabet (A to Z). The encoding replaces each letter with the 1st to 25th next letter in the alphabet (wrapping Z to A). So key 2 encrypts "HI" to...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
(* Only non-accented English letters are altered here. *)   on caesarDecipher(txt, |key|) return caesarEncipher(txt, -|key|) end caesarDecipher   on caesarEncipher(txt, |key|) set codePoints to id of txt set keyPlus25 to |key| mod 26 + 25 repeat with thisCode in codePoints tell thisCode mod 32 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calculating_the_value_of_e
Calculating the value of e
Task Calculate the value of   e. (e   is also known as   Euler's number   and   Napier's constant.) See details: Calculating the value of e
#Delphi
Delphi
  program Calculating_the_value_of_e;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   {$R *.res}   uses System.SysUtils;   const EPSILON = 1.0e-15;   function fAbs(value: Extended): Extended; begin Result := value; if value < 0 then Result := -Result; end;   function e: Extended; var fact: UInt64; e, e0: Extended; n: Integer;...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows/Player
Bulls and cows/Player
Task Write a player of the Bulls and Cows game, rather than a scorer. The player should give intermediate answers that respect the scores to previous attempts. One method is to generate a list of all possible numbers that could be the answer, then to prune the list by keeping only those numbers that would give an equ...
#D
D
void main() { import std.stdio, std.random, std.algorithm, std.range, std.ascii;   immutable d9 = "123456789"; auto choices = cartesianProduct(d9, d9, d9, d9).map!(t => [t[]]) .filter!(a => a.sort().uniq.count == 4).array;   do { const ans = choices[uniform(0, $)]; wri...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar_-_for_%22REAL%22_programmers
Calendar - for "REAL" programmers
Task Provide an algorithm as per the Calendar task, except the entire code for the algorithm must be presented   entirely without lowercase. Also - as per many 1969 era line printers - format the calendar to nicely fill a page that is 132 characters wide. (Hint: manually convert the code from the Calendar task to al...
#Fortran
Fortran
  MODULE DATEGNASH   TYPE DATEBAG INTEGER DAY,MONTH,YEAR END TYPE DATEBAG   CHARACTER*9 MONTHNAME(12),DAYNAME(0:6) PARAMETER (MONTHNAME = (/"JANUARY","FEBRUARY","MARCH","APRIL", 1 "MAY","JUNE","JULY","AUGUST","SEPTEMBER","OCTOBER","NOVEMBER", 2 "DECEMBER"/)) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_foreign-language_function
Call a foreign-language function
Task Show how a foreign language function can be called from the language. As an example, consider calling functions defined in the C language. Create a string containing "Hello World!" of the string type typical to the language. Pass the string content to C's strdup. The content can be copied if necessary. Get the...
#Julia
Julia
p = ccall(:strdup, Ptr{Cuchar}, (Ptr{Cuchar},), "Hello world") @show unsafe_string(p) # "Hello world" ccall(:free, Void, (Ptr{Cuchar},), p)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_foreign-language_function
Call a foreign-language function
Task Show how a foreign language function can be called from the language. As an example, consider calling functions defined in the C language. Create a string containing "Hello World!" of the string type typical to the language. Pass the string content to C's strdup. The content can be copied if necessary. Get the...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// Kotlin Native v0.2   import kotlinx.cinterop.* import string.*   fun main(args: Array<String>) { val hw = strdup ("Hello World!")!!.toKString() println(hw) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function
Call a function
Task Demonstrate the different syntax and semantics provided for calling a function. This may include:   Calling a function that requires no arguments   Calling a function with a fixed number of arguments   Calling a function with optional arguments   Calling a function with a variable number of arguments   C...
#Bracmat
Bracmat
aFunctionWithoutArguments$
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cantor_set
Cantor set
Task Draw a Cantor set. See details at this Wikipedia webpage:   Cantor set
#Perl
Perl
use strict; use feature 'say';   sub cantor { our($height) = @_; my $width = 3 ** ($height - 1);   our @lines = ('#' x $width) x $height;   sub trim_middle_third { my($len, $start, $index) = @_; my $seg = int $len / 3 or return;   for my $i ( $index .. $height - 1 ) {...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines
Casting out nines
Task   (in three parts) Part 1 Write a procedure (say c o 9 ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathit {co9}}(x)} ) which implements Casting Out Nines as described by returning the checksum for x {\displaystyle x} . Demonstrate the procedure using the examples given there, or others you may consider lucky. Par...
#zkl
zkl
fcn castOut(base=10, start=1, end=999999){ base-=1; ran:=(0).filter(base,'wrap(n){ n%base == (n*n)%base }); result:=Sink(List); foreach a,b in ([start/base ..],ran){ // foreach{ foreach {} } k := base*a + b; if (k < start) continue; if (k > end) return(result.close()); result.write...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines
Casting out nines
Task   (in three parts) Part 1 Write a procedure (say c o 9 ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathit {co9}}(x)} ) which implements Casting Out Nines as described by returning the checksum for x {\displaystyle x} . Demonstrate the procedure using the examples given there, or others you may consider lucky. Par...
#ZX_Spectrum_Basic
ZX Spectrum Basic
10 LET Base=10 20 LET N=2 30 LET c1=0 40 LET c2=0 50 LET k=1 60 IF k>=(Base^N)-1 THEN GO TO 150 70 LET c1=c1+1 80 IF FN m(k,Base-1)=FN m(k*k,Base-1) THEN LET c2=c2+1: PRINT k;" "; 90 LET k=k+1 100 GO TO 60 150 PRINT '"Trying ";c2;" numbers instead of ";c1;" numbers saves ";100-(c2/c1)*100;"%" 160 STOP 170 DEF FN m(a,b...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Carmichael_3_strong_pseudoprimes
Carmichael 3 strong pseudoprimes
A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to investigate such numbers using a met...
#Vala
Vala
long mod(long n, long m) { return ((n % m) + m) % m; }   bool is_prime(long n) { if (n == 2 || n == 3) return true; else if (n < 2 || n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false; for (long div = 5, inc = 2; div * div <= n; div += inc, inc = 6 - inc) if (n % div == 0) return false; return tru...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catamorphism
Catamorphism
Reduce is a function or method that is used to take the values in an array or a list and apply a function to successive members of the list to produce (or reduce them to), a single value. Task Show how reduce (or foldl or foldr etc), work (or would be implemented) in your language. See also Wikipedia article: ...
#Objeck
Objeck
  use Collection;   class Reducer { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { values := IntVector->New([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); values->Reduce(Add(Int, Int) ~ Int)->PrintLine(); values->Reduce(Mul(Int, Int) ~ Int)->PrintLine(); }   function : Add(a : Int, b : Int) ~ Int { return a + b; }   function : ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#Swift
Swift
let dog = "Benjamin" let Dog = "Samba" let DOG = "Bernie" println("The three dogs are named \(dog), \(Dog), and \(DOG).")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#Tcl
Tcl
set dog "Benjamin" set Dog "Samba" set DOG "Bernie" puts "The three dogs are named $dog, $Dog and $DOG"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#True_BASIC
True BASIC
LET dog$ = "Benjamin" LET Dog$ = "Samba" LET DOG$ = "Bernie" PRINT "There is just one dog, named "; dog$ END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cartesian_product_of_two_or_more_lists
Cartesian product of two or more lists
Task Show one or more idiomatic ways of generating the Cartesian product of two arbitrary lists in your language. Demonstrate that your function/method correctly returns: {1, 2} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)} and, in contrast: {3, 4} × {1, 2} = {(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2)} Also demonstrate, using y...
#Python
Python
import itertools   def cp(lsts): return list(itertools.product(*lsts))   if __name__ == '__main__': from pprint import pprint as pp   for lists in [[[1,2],[3,4]], [[3,4],[1,2]], [[], [1, 2]], [[1, 2], []], ((1776, 1789), (7, 12), (4, 14, 23), (0, 1)), ((1, 2, 3), (30,), ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catalan_numbers
Catalan numbers
Catalan numbers You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Catalan numbers are a sequence of numbers which can be defined directly: C n = 1 n + 1 ( 2 n n ) = ( 2 n ) ! ( n + 1 ) ! n !  for  n ≥ 0. {\displaystyle C...
#Fantom
Fantom
class Main { static Int factorial (Int n) { Int res := 1 if (n>1) (2..n).each |i| { res *= i } return res }   static Int catalanA (Int n) { return factorial(2*n)/(factorial(n+1) * factorial(n)) }   static Int catalanB (Int n) { if (n == 0) { return 1 } else ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#Sidef
Sidef
class MyClass { method foo(arg) { say arg } }   var arg = 42;   # Call a class method MyClass.foo(arg);   # Alternatively, using an expression for the method name MyClass.(:foo)(arg);   # Create an instance var instance = MyClass();   # Instance method instance.foo(arg);   # Alternatively, by using an expression fo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
" Class " MyClass selector: someArgument . " or equivalently " foo := MyClass . foo selector: someArgument.   " Instance " myInstance selector: someArgument.   " Message with multiple arguments " myInstance fooWithRed:arg1 green:arg2 blue:arg3 .   " Message with no arguments " myInstance selector.   " Binary (operator)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#SuperCollider
SuperCollider
  SomeClass {   *someClassMethod {   }   someInstanceMethod {   }   }   SomeClass.someClassMethod;   a = SomeClass.new; a.someInstanceMethod;  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
DLD addLibrary: 'fakeimglib'.   Object subclass: ExtLib [ ExtLib class >> openimage: aString [ (CFunctionDescriptor isFunction: 'openimage') ifTrue: [ (CFunctionDescriptor for: 'openimage' returning: #int withArgs: #( #string ) ) callInto: (ValueH...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#SNOBOL4
SNOBOL4
-INCLUDE 'ffi.sno'   ffi_m = FFI_DLOPEN('/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so') ffi_m_hypot = FFI_DLSYM(ffi_m, 'hypot') DEFINE_FFI('hypot(double,double)double', ffi_m_hypot)   OUTPUT = hypot(1,2) OUTPUT = hypot(2,3) OUTPUT = hypot(3,4) OUTPUT = hypot(4,5)   END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brilliant_numbers
Brilliant numbers
Brilliant numbers are a subset of semiprime numbers. Specifically, they are numbers that are the product of exactly two prime numbers that both have the same number of digits when expressed in base 10. Brilliant numbers are useful in cryptography and when testing prime factoring algorithms. E.G. 3 × 3 (9) is a bri...
#Julia
Julia
  using Primes   function isbrilliant(n) p = factor(n).pe return (length(p) == 1 && p[1][2] == 2) || length(p) == 2 && ndigits(p[1][1]) == ndigits(p[2][1]) && p[1][2] == p[2][2] == 1 end   function testbrilliants() println("First 100 brilliant numbers:") foreach(p -> print(lpad(p[2], 5), p[1] % 2...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brilliant_numbers
Brilliant numbers
Brilliant numbers are a subset of semiprime numbers. Specifically, they are numbers that are the product of exactly two prime numbers that both have the same number of digits when expressed in base 10. Brilliant numbers are useful in cryptography and when testing prime factoring algorithms. E.G. 3 × 3 (9) is a bri...
#Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
ClearAll[PrimesDecade] PrimesDecade[n_Integer] := Module[{bounds}, bounds = {PrimePi[10^n] + 1, PrimePi[10^(n + 1) - 1]}; Prime[Range @@ bounds] ] ds = Union @@ Table[Union[Times @@@ Tuples[PrimesDecade[d], 2]], {d, 0, 4}];   Multicolumn[Take[ds, 100], {Automatic, 8}, Appearance -> "Horizontal"]   sel = Min /@ Ga...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brilliant_numbers
Brilliant numbers
Brilliant numbers are a subset of semiprime numbers. Specifically, they are numbers that are the product of exactly two prime numbers that both have the same number of digits when expressed in base 10. Brilliant numbers are useful in cryptography and when testing prime factoring algorithms. E.G. 3 × 3 (9) is a bri...
#Perl
Perl
use strict; use warnings; use feature 'say'; use List::AllUtils <max head firstidx uniqint>; use ntheory <primes is_semiprime forsetproduct>;   sub table { my $t = shift() * (my $c = 1 + length max @_); ( sprintf( ('%'.$c.'d')x@_, @_) ) =~ s/.{1,$t}\K/\n/gr } sub comma { reverse ((reverse shift) =~ s/(.{3})/$1,/gr) =~ ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar
Calendar
Create a routine that will generate a text calendar for any year. Test the calendar by generating a calendar for the year 1969, on a device of the time. Choose one of the following devices: A line printer with a width of 132 characters. An IBM 3278 model 4 terminal (80×43 display with accented characters). Target fo...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
#!/usr/local/bin/a68g --script #   PROC print calendar = (INT year, page width)VOID: (   []STRING month names = ( "January","February","March","April","May","June", "July","August","September","October","November","December"), weekday names = ("Su","Mo","Tu","We","Th","Fr","Sa"); FORMAT weekday fmt ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Break_OO_privacy
Break OO privacy
Show how to access private or protected members of a class in an object-oriented language from outside an instance of the class, without calling non-private or non-protected members of the class as a proxy. The intent is to show how a debugger, serializer, or other meta-programming tool might access information that is...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream>   class CWidget; // Forward-declare that we have a class named CWidget.   class CFactory { friend class CWidget; private: unsigned int m_uiCount; public: CFactory(); ~CFactory(); CWidget* GetWidget(); };   class CWidget { private: CFactory& m_parent;   private: CWidget(); // Disallow t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Break_OO_privacy
Break OO privacy
Show how to access private or protected members of a class in an object-oriented language from outside an instance of the class, without calling non-private or non-protected members of the class as a proxy. The intent is to show how a debugger, serializer, or other meta-programming tool might access information that is...
#Clojure
Clojure
  (ns a) (def ^:private priv :secret)   ; From REPL, in another namespace 'user': user=> @a/priv ; fails with: IllegalStateException: var: a/priv is not public user=> @#'a/priv ; succeeds :secret  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brownian_tree
Brownian tree
Brownian tree You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw a   Brownian Tree. A Brownian Tree is generated as a result of an initial seed, followed by the interaction of two processes. The initial "seed" is placed somewhere wi...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;   with SDL.Video.Windows.Makers; with SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers; with SDL.Events.Events;   procedure Brownian_Tree is   Width  : constant := 800; Height  : constant := 600; Points  : constant := 50_000;   subtype Width_Range is Integer range 1 .. Width; subtype Heigh...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows
Bulls and cows
Bulls and Cows Task Create a four digit random number from the digits   1   to   9,   without duplication. The program should:   ask for guesses to this number   reject guesses that are malformed   print the score for the guess The score is computed as: The player wins if the guess is the same as the random...
#APL
APL
input ← {⍞←'Guess: ' ⋄ 7↓⍞} output ← {⎕←(↑'Bulls: ' 'Cows: '),⍕⍪⍵ ⋄ ⍵} isdigits← ∧/⎕D∊⍨⊢ valid ← isdigits∧4=≢ guess ← ⍎¨input⍣(valid⊣) bulls ← +/= cows ← +/∊∧≠ game ← (output ⊣(bulls,cows) guess)⍣(4 0≡⊣) random ← 4∘⊣?9∘⊣ moo ← 'You win!'⊣(random game⊢)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform
Burrows–Wheeler transform
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Burrows–Wheeler_transform. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-s...
#jq
jq
# substitute ^ for STX and | for ETX def makePrintable: if . == null then null else sub("\u0002"; "^") | sub("\u0003"; "|") end;   def bwt: {stx: "\u0002", etx: "\u0003"} as $x | if index($x.stx) >= 0 or index($x.etx) >= 0 then null else $x.stx + . + $x.etx | . as $s | (reduce range(0; length) as ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform
Burrows–Wheeler transform
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Burrows–Wheeler_transform. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-s...
#Julia
Julia
bwsort(vec) = sort(vec, lt = (a, b) -> string(a) < string(b))   function burrowswheeler_encode(s) if match(r"\x02|\x03", s) != nothing throw("String for Burrows-Wheeler input cannot contain STX or ETX") end s = "\x02" * s * "\x03" String([t[end] for t in bwsort([circshift([c for c in s], n) for ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher
Caesar cipher
Task Implement a Caesar cipher, both encoding and decoding. The key is an integer from 1 to 25. This cipher rotates (either towards left or right) the letters of the alphabet (A to Z). The encoding replaces each letter with the 1st to 25th next letter in the alphabet (wrapping Z to A). So key 2 encrypts "HI" to...
#Applesoft_BASIC
Applesoft BASIC
100 INPUT ""; T$   110 LET K% = RND(1) * 25 + 1 120 PRINT "ENCODED WITH "; 130 GOSUB 200ENCODED   140 LET K% = 26 - K% 150 PRINT "DECODED WITH "; 160 GOSUB 200DECODED   170 END   REM ENCODED/DECODED 200 PRINT "CAESAR " K%; 210 LET K$(1) = " (ROT-13)" 220 PRINT K$(K% = 13) 230 GOSUB 300CAESAR 240 PRINT T$ 250 RETURN   R...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calculating_the_value_of_e
Calculating the value of e
Task Calculate the value of   e. (e   is also known as   Euler's number   and   Napier's constant.) See details: Calculating the value of e
#Dyalect
Dyalect
func calculateE(epsilon = 1.0e-15) { func abs(n) { if n < 0 { -n } else { n } }   var fact = 1 var e = 2.0 var e0 = 0.0 var n = 2   while true { e0 = e fact *= n n += 1 e += 1.0 / Float(fact)   if abs(e -...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calculating_the_value_of_e
Calculating the value of e
Task Calculate the value of   e. (e   is also known as   Euler's number   and   Napier's constant.) See details: Calculating the value of e
#EasyLang
EasyLang
numfmt 0 5 fact = 1 n = 2 e = 2 while abs (e - e0) > 0.0001 e0 = e fact = fact * n n += 1 e += 1 / fact . print e
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows/Player
Bulls and cows/Player
Task Write a player of the Bulls and Cows game, rather than a scorer. The player should give intermediate answers that respect the scores to previous attempts. One method is to generate a list of all possible numbers that could be the answer, then to prune the list by keeping only those numbers that would give an equ...
#Elixir
Elixir
defmodule Bulls_and_cows do def player(size \\ 4) do possibility = permute(size) |> Enum.shuffle player(size, possibility, 1) end   def player(size, possibility, i) do guess = hd(possibility) IO.puts "Guess #{i} is #{Enum.join(guess)} (from #{length(possibility)} possibilities)" case get_scor...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows/Player
Bulls and cows/Player
Task Write a player of the Bulls and Cows game, rather than a scorer. The player should give intermediate answers that respect the scores to previous attempts. One method is to generate a list of all possible numbers that could be the answer, then to prune the list by keeping only those numbers that would give an equ...
#Euphoria
Euphoria
include std/sequence.e   constant line = "--------+--------------------\n" constant digits = "123456789" sequence list = {}   function get_digits(integer n) integer j sequence d = digits, ret = "" for i=1 to n do j = rand(length(digits)-i) ret &= d[i+j] if j then d[i+j] =...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar_-_for_%22REAL%22_programmers
Calendar - for "REAL" programmers
Task Provide an algorithm as per the Calendar task, except the entire code for the algorithm must be presented   entirely without lowercase. Also - as per many 1969 era line printers - format the calendar to nicely fill a page that is 132 characters wide. (Hint: manually convert the code from the Calendar task to al...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
' VERSION 16-03-2016 ' COMPILE WITH: FBC -S CONSOLE   ' TRUE/FALSE ARE BUILT-IN CONSTANTS SINCE FREEBASIC 1.04 ' BUT WE HAVE TO DEFINE THEM FOR OLDER VERSIONS. #IFNDEF TRUE #DEFINE FALSE 0 #DEFINE TRUE NOT FALSE #ENDIF   FUNCTION WD(M AS INTEGER, D AS INTEGER, Y AS INTEGER) AS INTEGER ' ZELLERISH ' 0 = ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_foreign-language_function
Call a foreign-language function
Task Show how a foreign language function can be called from the language. As an example, consider calling functions defined in the C language. Create a string containing "Hello World!" of the string type typical to the language. Pass the string content to C's strdup. The content can be copied if necessary. Get the...
#LabVIEW
LabVIEW
Section Header   + name := TEST_C_INTERFACE;   // this will be inserted in front of the program - external := `#include <string.h>`;   Section Public   - main <- ( + s : STRING_CONSTANT; + p : NATIVE_ARRAY[CHARACTER];   s := "Hello World!"; p := s.to_external; // this will be inserted in-place // use `expr`...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_foreign-language_function
Call a foreign-language function
Task Show how a foreign language function can be called from the language. As an example, consider calling functions defined in the C language. Create a string containing "Hello World!" of the string type typical to the language. Pass the string content to C's strdup. The content can be copied if necessary. Get the...
#Lisaac
Lisaac
Section Header   + name := TEST_C_INTERFACE;   // this will be inserted in front of the program - external := `#include <string.h>`;   Section Public   - main <- ( + s : STRING_CONSTANT; + p : NATIVE_ARRAY[CHARACTER];   s := "Hello World!"; p := s.to_external; // this will be inserted in-place // use `expr`...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function
Call a function
Task Demonstrate the different syntax and semantics provided for calling a function. This may include:   Calling a function that requires no arguments   Calling a function with a fixed number of arguments   Calling a function with optional arguments   Calling a function with a variable number of arguments   C...
#C
C
/* function with no argument */ f();   /* fix number of arguments */ g(1, 2, 3);   /* Optional arguments: err... Feel free to make sense of the following. I can't. */ int op_arg(); int main() { op_arg(1); op_arg(1, 2); op_arg(1, 2, 3); return 0; } int op_arg(int a, int b) { printf("%d %d %d\n", a, b, (&b)[1]);...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cantor_set
Cantor set
Task Draw a Cantor set. See details at this Wikipedia webpage:   Cantor set
#Phix
Phix
integer n = 5, w = power(3,n-1), len = w string line = repeat('#',w)&"\n" while 1 do puts(1,line) if len=1 then exit end if len /= 3 integer pos = 1 while pos<(w-len) do pos += len line[pos..pos+len-1] = ' ' pos += len end while end while
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Carmichael_3_strong_pseudoprimes
Carmichael 3 strong pseudoprimes
A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to investigate such numbers using a met...
#Wren
Wren
import "/fmt" for Fmt import "/math" for Int   var mod = Fn.new { |n, m| ((n%m) + m) % m }   var carmichael = Fn.new { |p1| for (h3 in 2...p1) { for (d in 1...h3 + p1) { if ((h3 + p1) * (p1 - 1) % d == 0 && mod.call(-p1 * p1, h3) == d % h3) { var p2 = 1 + ((p1 - 1) * (h3 + p1) / ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catamorphism
Catamorphism
Reduce is a function or method that is used to take the values in an array or a list and apply a function to successive members of the list to produce (or reduce them to), a single value. Task Show how reduce (or foldl or foldr etc), work (or would be implemented) in your language. See also Wikipedia article: ...
#OCaml
OCaml
# let nums = [1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10];; val nums : int list = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10] # let sum = List.fold_left (+) 0 nums;; val sum : int = 55 # let product = List.fold_left ( * ) 1 nums;; val product : int = 3628800
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#UNIX_Shell
UNIX Shell
dog="Benjamin" Dog="Samba" DOG="Bernie" echo "The three dogs are named $dog, $Dog and $DOG."
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#Ursa
Ursa
> decl string dog Dog DOG > set dog "Benjamin" > set Dog "Samba" > set DOG "Bernie" > out "The three dogs are named " dog ", " Dog ", and " DOG endl console The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba, and Bernie >
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#VBA
VBA
Public Sub case_sensitivity() 'VBA does not allow variables that only differ in case 'The VBA IDE vbe will rename variable 'dog' to 'DOG' 'when trying to define a second variable 'DOG' Dim DOG As String DOG = "Benjamin" DOG = "Samba" DOG = "Bernie" Debug.Print "There is just one dog name...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cartesian_product_of_two_or_more_lists
Cartesian product of two or more lists
Task Show one or more idiomatic ways of generating the Cartesian product of two arbitrary lists in your language. Demonstrate that your function/method correctly returns: {1, 2} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)} and, in contrast: {3, 4} × {1, 2} = {(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2)} Also demonstrate, using y...
#Quackery
Quackery
[ [] unrot swap witheach [ over witheach [ over nested swap nested join nested dip rot join unrot ] drop ] drop ] is cartprod ( [ [ --> [ )   ' [ 1 2 ] ' [ 3 4 ] cartprod echo cr ' [ 3 4 ] ' [ 1 2 ] cartprod echo cr ' [ 1 2 ] ' [ ]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catalan_numbers
Catalan numbers
Catalan numbers You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Catalan numbers are a sequence of numbers which can be defined directly: C n = 1 n + 1 ( 2 n n ) = ( 2 n ) ! ( n + 1 ) ! n !  for  n ≥ 0. {\displaystyle C...
#Fermat
Fermat
Func Catalan(n)=(2*n)!/((n+1)!*n!).; for i=1 to 15 do !Catalan(i);!' ' od;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#Swift
Swift
// Class MyClass.method(someParameter) // or equivalently: let foo = MyClass.self foo.method(someParameter)   // Instance myInstance.method(someParameter)   // Method with multiple arguments myInstance.method(red:arg1, green:arg2, blue:arg3)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.6 # "Static" (on class object) MyClass mthd someParameter   # Instance $myInstance mthd someParameter
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_an_object_method
Call an object method
In object-oriented programming a method is a function associated with a particular class or object. In most forms of object oriented implementations methods can be static, associated with the class itself; or instance, associated with an instance of a class. Show how to call a static or class method, and an instance m...
#Ursa
Ursa
# create an instance of the built-in file class decl file f   # call the file.open method f.open "filename.txt"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Ffidl   if {[catch { ffidl::callout OpenImage {pointer-utf8} int [ffidl::symbol fakeimglib.so openimage] }]} then { # Create the OpenImage command by other means here... } set handle [OpenImage "/the/file/name"]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#TXR
TXR
This is the TXR Lisp interactive listener of TXR 176. Use the :quit command or type Ctrl-D on empty line to exit. 1> (typedef utsarray (zarray 65 char)) #<ffi-type (zarray 65 char)> 2> (typedef utsname (struct utsname (sysname utsarray) (nodename utsarray) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brilliant_numbers
Brilliant numbers
Brilliant numbers are a subset of semiprime numbers. Specifically, they are numbers that are the product of exactly two prime numbers that both have the same number of digits when expressed in base 10. Brilliant numbers are useful in cryptography and when testing prime factoring algorithms. E.G. 3 × 3 (9) is a bri...
#Phix
Phix
-- -- demo\rosetta\BrilliantNumbers.exw -- ================================= -- with javascript_semantics requires("1.0.2") -- (for in) atom t0 = time() function get_primes_by_digits(integer limit) sequence primes = get_primes_le(power(10,limit)), primes_by_digits = {} integer p = 10 while len...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brace_expansion
Brace expansion
Brace expansion is a type of parameter expansion made popular by Unix shells, where it allows users to specify multiple similar string parameters without having to type them all out. E.g. the parameter enable_{audio,video} would be interpreted as if both enable_audio and enable_video had been specified. Task[edit] W...
#11l
11l
F getitem(=s, depth = 0) V out = [‘’] L s != ‘’ V c = String(s[0]) I depth & (c == ‘,’ | c == ‘}’) R (out, s) I c == ‘{’ V x = getgroup(s[1..], depth + 1) I !x[0].empty out = multiloop(out, x[0], (a, b) -> a‘’b) s = x[1] L.continue ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar
Calendar
Create a routine that will generate a text calendar for any year. Test the calendar by generating a calendar for the year 1969, on a device of the time. Choose one of the following devices: A line printer with a width of 132 characters. An IBM 3278 model 4 terminal (80×43 display with accented characters). Target fo...
#ALGOL_W
ALGOL W
BEGIN INTEGER WIDTH, YEAR; INTEGER COLS, LEAD, GAP; STRING(2) ARRAY WDAYS (0::6); RECORD MONTH ( STRING(9) MNAME; INTEGER DAYS, START_WDAY, AT_POS ); REFERENCE(MONTH) ARRAY MONTHS(0::11); WIDTH := 80; YEAR := 1969;   BEGIN WDAYS(0) := "Su"; WDAYS(1) := "Mo"; WDAYS(2) := "Tu"; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Break_OO_privacy
Break OO privacy
Show how to access private or protected members of a class in an object-oriented language from outside an instance of the class, without calling non-private or non-protected members of the class as a proxy. The intent is to show how a debugger, serializer, or other meta-programming tool might access information that is...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defpackage :funky ;; only these symbols are public (:export :widget :get-wobbliness) ;; for convenience, bring common lisp symbols into funky (:use :cl))   ;; switch reader to funky package: all symbols that are ;; not from the CL package are interned in FUNKY.   (in-package :funky)   (defclass widget () ;; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Break_OO_privacy
Break OO privacy
Show how to access private or protected members of a class in an object-oriented language from outside an instance of the class, without calling non-private or non-protected members of the class as a proxy. The intent is to show how a debugger, serializer, or other meta-programming tool might access information that is...
#D
D
module breakingprivacy;   struct Foo { int[] arr;   private: int x; string str; float f; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Brownian_tree
Brownian tree
Brownian tree You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw a   Brownian Tree. A Brownian Tree is generated as a result of an initial seed, followed by the interaction of two processes. The initial "seed" is placed somewhere wi...
#Applesoft_BASIC
Applesoft BASIC
0GOSUB2:FORQ=0TOTSTEP0:X=A:Y=B:FORO=0TOTSTEP0:XDRAWTATX,Y:X=INT(RND(T)*J)*Z:Y=INT(RND(T)*H):XDRAWTATX,Y:O=PEEK(C)>0:NEXTO:FORP=0TOTSTEP0:A=X:B=Y:R=INT(RND(T)*E):X=X+X(R):Y=Y+Y(R):IFX<0ORX>MORY<0ORY>NTHENNEXTQ 1 XDRAW T AT X,Y:P = NOT PEEK (C): XDRAW T AT A,B: NEXT P: XDRAW T AT X,Y:Q = A = 0 OR A = M OR B = 0 OR B ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows
Bulls and cows
Bulls and Cows Task Create a four digit random number from the digits   1   to   9,   without duplication. The program should:   ask for guesses to this number   reject guesses that are malformed   print the score for the guess The score is computed as: The player wins if the guess is the same as the random...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
on pickNumber() set theNumber to "" repeat 4 times set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string repeat while (offset of theDigit in theNumber) > 0 set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string end repeat set theNumber to theNumber & theDigit end repeat end pickNumber   to bulls of theGues...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform
Burrows–Wheeler transform
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Burrows–Wheeler_transform. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-s...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// Version 1.2.60   const val STX = "\u0002" const val ETX = "\u0003"   fun bwt(s: String): String { if (s.contains(STX) || s.contains(ETX)) { throw RuntimeException("String can't contain STX or ETX") } val ss = STX + s + ETX val table = Array<String>(ss.length) { ss.substring(it) + ss.substring...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher
Caesar cipher
Task Implement a Caesar cipher, both encoding and decoding. The key is an integer from 1 to 25. This cipher rotates (either towards left or right) the letters of the alphabet (A to Z). The encoding replaces each letter with the 1st to 25th next letter in the alphabet (wrapping Z to A). So key 2 encrypts "HI" to...
#Arc
Arc
  (= rot (fn (L N) (if (and (<= 65 L) (>= 90 L)) (do (= L (- L 65)) (= L (mod (+ N L) 26)) (= L (+ L 65))) (and (<= 97 L) (>= 122 L)) (do (= L (- L 97)) (= L (mod (+ N L) 26)) (= L (+ L 97)))) L))   (= caesar (fn (text (o shift)) (unless shift (= shift 13)) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calculating_the_value_of_e
Calculating the value of e
Task Calculate the value of   e. (e   is also known as   Euler's number   and   Napier's constant.) See details: Calculating the value of e
#EDSAC_order_code
EDSAC order code
  [Calculate e] [EDSAC program, Initial Orders 2]   [Library subroutine M3. Prints header and is then overwritten] [Here, last character sets teleprinter to figures] PFGKIFAFRDLFUFOFE@A6FG@E8FEZPF @&*CALCULATION!OF!E@&# ..PZ [blank tape, needed to mark end of header text]   [Library subroutine D6....
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows/Player
Bulls and cows/Player
Task Write a player of the Bulls and Cows game, rather than a scorer. The player should give intermediate answers that respect the scores to previous attempts. One method is to generate a list of all possible numbers that could be the answer, then to prune the list by keeping only those numbers that would give an equ...
#Factor
Factor
USING: arrays combinators.short-circuit formatting fry io kernel math math.combinatorics math.functions math.order math.parser math.ranges random regexp sequences sets splitting ;   : bulls ( seq1 seq2 -- n ) [ = 1 0 ? ] 2map sum ; : cows ( seq1 seq2 -- n ) [ intersect length ] [ bulls - ] 2bi ; : score ( seq1 seq2 -- ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calendar_-_for_%22REAL%22_programmers
Calendar - for "REAL" programmers
Task Provide an algorithm as per the Calendar task, except the entire code for the algorithm must be presented   entirely without lowercase. Also - as per many 1969 era line printers - format the calendar to nicely fill a page that is 132 characters wide. (Hint: manually convert the code from the Calendar task to al...
#Go
Go
PACKAGE MAIN   IMPORT ( "FMT" "TIME" )   CONST PAGEWIDTH = 80   FUNC MAIN() { PRINTCAL(1969) }   FUNC PRINTCAL(YEAR INT) { THISDATE := TIME.DATE(YEAR, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, TIME.UTC) VAR ( DAYARR [12][7][6]INT // MONTH, WEEKDAY, WEEK MONTH, LASTMONTH TIME.MONTH ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_foreign-language_function
Call a foreign-language function
Task Show how a foreign language function can be called from the language. As an example, consider calling functions defined in the C language. Create a string containing "Hello World!" of the string type typical to the language. Pass the string content to C's strdup. The content can be copied if necessary. Get the...
#Lua
Lua
local ffi = require("ffi") ffi.cdef[[ char * strndup(const char * s, size_t n); int strlen(const char *s); ]]   local s1 = "Hello, world!" print("Original: " .. s1) local s_s1 = ffi.C.strlen(s1) print("strlen: " .. s_s1)   local s2 = ffi.string(ffi.C.strndup(s1, s_s1), s_s1) print("Copy: " .. s2) print("strlen: " .. ff...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function
Call a function
Task Demonstrate the different syntax and semantics provided for calling a function. This may include:   Calling a function that requires no arguments   Calling a function with a fixed number of arguments   Calling a function with optional arguments   Calling a function with a variable number of arguments   C...
#C.23
C#
  /* a function that has no argument */ public int MyFunction();   /* a function with a fixed number of arguments */ FunctionWithArguments(4, 3, 2);   /* a function with optional arguments */ public void OptArg();   public static void Main() { OptArg(1); OptArg(1, 2); OptArg(1, 2, 3); } public void Examp...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cantor_set
Cantor set
Task Draw a Cantor set. See details at this Wikipedia webpage:   Cantor set
#Phixmonti
Phixmonti
include ..\Utilitys.pmt   5 >ps 3 tps 1 - power var w "#" 1 get nip w repeat var line   ps> for 3 swap 1 - power w over / int var step true >ps for var j tps not if step for var k line 32 j 1 - step * k + set var line endfor endif ps> not >ps ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Carmichael_3_strong_pseudoprimes
Carmichael 3 strong pseudoprimes
A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to investigate such numbers using a met...
#zkl
zkl
var BN=Import("zklBigNum"), bi=BN(0); // gonna recycle bi primes:=T(2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61); var p2,p3; cs:=[[(p1,h3,d); primes; { [2..p1 - 1] }; // list comprehension { [1..h3 + p1 - 1] }, { ((h3 + p1)*(p1 - 1)%d == 0 and ((-p1*p1):mod(_,h3) == d%h3)) },//guard { (p2=1 + (p1 - 1)*(h3...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Catamorphism
Catamorphism
Reduce is a function or method that is used to take the values in an array or a list and apply a function to successive members of the list to produce (or reduce them to), a single value. Task Show how reduce (or foldl or foldr etc), work (or would be implemented) in your language. See also Wikipedia article: ...
#Oforth
Oforth
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] reduce(#max) [ "abc", "def", "gfi" ] reduce(#+)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#Wren
Wren
var dog = "Benjamin" var Dog = "Samba" var DOG = "Bernie" System.print("The three dogs are named %(dog), %(Dog) and %(DOG).")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Case-sensitivity_of_identifiers
Case-sensitivity of identifiers
Three dogs (Are there three dogs or one dog?) is a code snippet used to illustrate the lettercase sensitivity of the programming language. For a case-sensitive language, the identifiers dog, Dog and DOG are all different and we should get the output: The three dogs are named Benjamin, Samba and Bernie. For a language...
#XBS
XBS
set dog="Benjamin"; set DOG="Samba"; set Dog="Bernie"; log(`The three dogs are named {dog}, {DOG} and {Dog}.`);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cartesian_product_of_two_or_more_lists
Cartesian product of two or more lists
Task Show one or more idiomatic ways of generating the Cartesian product of two arbitrary lists in your language. Demonstrate that your function/method correctly returns: {1, 2} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)} and, in contrast: {3, 4} × {1, 2} = {(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2)} Also demonstrate, using y...
#R
R
  one_w_many <- function(one, many) lapply(many, function(x) c(one,x))   # Let's define an infix operator to perform a cartesian product.   "%p%" <- function( a, b ) { p = c( sapply(a, function (x) one_w_many(x, b) ) ) if (is.null(unlist(p))) list() else p}   display_prod <- function (xs) { for (x in xs) cat( pas...