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2007-09-13 00:00:00
2025-05-15 00:00:00
Christopher Sims
Edge Detection and Image Filter algorithms for Spectroscopic Analysis with Deep Learning Applications
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
Edge detection and image filters are commonly used in computer vision. However, they have never been applied to the data analysis of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data before in a systematic fashion. In this paper we will use the Sobel, Laplacian of a gaussian (LoG), Canny, Prewitt, Roberts, and fuzzy logic methods for edge detection in the ARPES results of HfP2, ZrSiS, and Hf2Te2P2. We find that the Canny filter is the best method for edge detection of noisy data that is typical of ARPES measurements, while the other edge detection techniques are not able to correctly detect ARPES bands.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 14 Mar 2022 02:31:06 GMT'}]
2022-03-15
Wei Wang, Loai Danial, Yang Li, Eric Herbelin, Evgeny Pikhay, Yakov Roizin, Barak Hoffer, Zhongrui Wang, Shahar Kvatinsky
A memristive deep belief neural network based on silicon synapses
Nature Electronics, 5, 870 (2022)
10.1038/s41928-022-00878-9
null
physics.app-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.ET
Memristor-based neuromorphic computing could overcome the limitations of traditional von Neumann computing architectures -- in which data are shuffled between separate memory and processing units -- and improve the performance of deep neural networks. However, this will require accurate synaptic-like device performance, and memristors typically suffer from poor yield and a limited number of reliable conductance states. Here we report floating gate memristive synaptic devices that are fabricated in a commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. These silicon synapses offer analogue tunability, high endurance, long retention times, predictable cycling degradation, moderate device-to-device variations, and high yield. They also provide two orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency for multiply-accumulate operations than graphics processing units. We use two 12-by-8 arrays of the memristive devices for in-situ training of a 19-by-8 memristive restricted Boltzmann machine for pattern recognition via a gradient descent algorithm based on contrastive divergence. We then create a memristive deep belief neural network consisting of three memristive restricted Boltzmann machines. We test this on the modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, demonstrating recognition accuracy up to 97.05%.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 17 Mar 2022 02:54:55 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Fri, 20 May 2022 01:26:46 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Fri, 21 Jul 2023 01:26:34 GMT'}]
2023-07-24
James Chapman, Tim Hsu, Xiao Chen, Tae Wook Heo, Brandon C. Wood
Quantifying Disorder One Atom at a Time Using an Interpretable Graph Neural Network Paradigm
null
10.1038/s41467-023-39755-0
null
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Quantifying the level of atomic disorder within materials is critical to understanding how evolving local structural environments dictate performance and durability. Here, we leverage graph neural networks to define a physically interpretable metric for local disorder. This metric encodes the diversity of the local atomic configurations as a continuous spectrum between the solid and liquid phases, quantified against a distribution of thermal perturbations. We apply this novel methodology to three prototypical examples with varying levels of disorder: (1) solid-liquid interfaces, (2) polycrystalline microstructures, and (3) grain boundaries. Using elemental aluminum as a case study, we show how our paradigm can track the spatio-temporal evolution of interfaces, incorporating a mathematically defined description of the spatial boundary between order and disorder. We further show how to extract physics-preserved gradients from our continuous disorder fields, which may be used to understand and predict materials performance and failure. Overall, our framework provides an intuitive and generalizable pathway to quantify the relationship between complex local atomic structure and coarse-grained materials phenomena.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 18 Mar 2022 22:12:42 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 16 Jun 2022 19:09:47 GMT'}]
2023-08-02
Marcin Abram, Keith Burghardt, Greg Ver Steeg, Aram Galstyan, Remi Dingreville
Inferring topological transitions in pattern-forming processes with self-supervised learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn cs.CV cs.LG
The identification and classification of transitions in topological and microstructural regimes in pattern-forming processes are critical for understanding and fabricating microstructurally precise novel materials in many application domains. Unfortunately, relevant microstructure transitions may depend on process parameters in subtle and complex ways that are not captured by the classic theory of phase transition. While supervised machine learning methods may be useful for identifying transition regimes, they need labels which require prior knowledge of order parameters or relevant structures describing these transitions. Motivated by the universality principle for dynamical systems, we instead use a self-supervised approach to solve the inverse problem of predicting process parameters from observed microstructures using neural networks. This approach does not require predefined, labeled data about the different classes of microstructural patterns or about the target task of predicting microstructure transitions. We show that the difficulty of performing the inverse-problem prediction task is related to the goal of discovering microstructure regimes, because qualitative changes in microstructural patterns correspond to changes in uncertainty predictions for our self-supervised problem. We demonstrate the value of our approach by automatically discovering transitions in microstructural regimes in two distinct pattern-forming processes: the spinodal decomposition of a two-phase mixture and the formation of concentration modulations of binary alloys during physical vapor deposition of thin films. This approach opens a promising path forward for discovering and understanding unseen or hard-to-discern transition regimes, and ultimately for controlling complex pattern-forming processes.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 19 Mar 2022 00:47:50 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Wed, 10 Aug 2022 20:11:40 GMT'}]
2022-08-12
Rongzhi Dong, Yong Zhao, Yuqi Song, Nihang Fu, Sadman Sadeed Omee, Sourin Dey, Qinyang Li, Lai Wei, Jianjun Hu
DeepXRD, a Deep Learning Model for Predicting of XRD spectrum from Materials Composition
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
One of the long-standing problems in materials science is how to predict a material's structure and then its properties given only its composition. Experimental characterization of crystal structures has been widely used for structure determination, which is however too expensive for high-throughput screening. At the same time, directly predicting crystal structures from compositions remains a challenging unsolved problem. Herein we propose a deep learning algorithm for predicting the XRD spectrum given only the composition of a material, which can then be used to infer key structural features for downstream structural analysis such as crystal system or space group classification or crystal lattice parameter determination or materials property predictions. Benchmark studies on two datasets show that our DeepXRD algorithm can achieve good performance for XRD prediction as evaluated over our test sets. It can thus be used in high-throughput screening in the huge materials composition space for new materials discovery.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sun, 27 Mar 2022 15:20:11 GMT'}]
2022-03-29
Yong Zhao, Edirisuriya M. Dilanga Siriwardane, Zhenyao Wu, Nihang Fu, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Ming Hu, and Jianjun Hu
Physics Guided Deep Learning for Generative Design of Crystal Materials with Symmetry Constraints
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Discovering new materials is a challenging task in materials science crucial to the progress of human society. Conventional approaches based on experiments and simulations are labor-intensive or costly with success heavily depending on experts' heuristic knowledge. Here, we propose a deep learning based Physics Guided Crystal Generative Model (PGCGM) for efficient crystal material design with high structural diversity and symmetry. Our model increases the generation validity by more than 700\% compared to FTCP, one of the latest structure generators and by more than 45\% compared to our previous CubicGAN model. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are used to validate the generated structures with 1,869 materials out of 2,000 are successfully optimized and deposited into the Carolina Materials Database \url{www.carolinamatdb.org}, of which 39.6\% have negative formation energy and 5.3\% have energy-above-hull less than 0.25 eV/atom, indicating their thermodynamic stability and potential synthesizability.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sun, 27 Mar 2022 17:21:36 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 4 Jul 2022 15:57:26 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Tue, 13 Dec 2022 17:01:31 GMT'}]
2022-12-14
Alexander Kovacs, Lukas Exl, Alexander Kornell, Johann Fischbacher, Markus Hovorka, Markus Gusenbauer, Leoni Breth, Harald Oezelt, Masao Yano, Noritsugu Sakuma, Akihito Kinoshita, Tetsuya Shoji, Akira Kato, Thomas Schrefl
Exploring the hysteresis properties of nanocrystalline permanent magnets using deep learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
We demonstrate the use of model order reduction and neural networks for estimating the hysteresis properties of nanocrystalline permanent magnets from microstructure. With a data-driven approach, we learn the demagnetization curve from data-sets created by grain growth and micromagnetic simulations. We show that the granular structure of a magnet can be encoded within a low-dimensional latent space. Latent codes are constructed using a variational autoencoder. The mapping of structure code to hysteresis properties is a multi-target regression problem. We apply deep neural network and use parameter sharing, in order to predict anchor points along the demagnetization curves from the magnet's structure code. The method is applied to study the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline permanent magnets. We show how new grain structures can be generated by interpolation between two points in the latent space and how the magnetic properties of the resulting magnets can be predicted.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 30 Mar 2022 21:04:09 GMT'}]
2022-04-01
Koji Shimizu, Ying Dou, Elvis F. Arguelles, Takumi Moriya, Emi Minamitani, and Satoshi Watanabe
Using neural network potential to study point defect properties in multiple charge states of GaN with nitrogen vacancy
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Investigation of charged defects is necessary to understand the properties of semiconductors. While density functional theory calculations can accurately describe the relevant physical quantities, these calculations increase the computational loads substantially, which often limits the application of this method to large-scale systems. In this study, we propose a new scheme of neural network potential (NNP) to analyze the point defect behavior in multiple charge states. The proposed scheme necessitates only minimal modifications to the conventional scheme. We demonstrated the prediction performance of the proposed NNP using wurzite-GaN with a nitrogen vacancy with charge states of 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+. The proposed scheme accurately trained the total energies and atomic forces for all the charge states. Furthermore, it fairly reproduced the phonon band structures and thermodynamics properties of the defective structures. Based on the results of this study, we expect that the proposed scheme can enable us to study more complicated defective systems and lead to breakthroughs in novel semiconductor applications.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 31 Mar 2022 04:33:36 GMT'}]
2022-04-01
H. Pahlavani, M. Amani, M. Cruz Sald\'ivar, J. Zhou, M. J. Mirzaali, A. A. Zadpoor
Deep learning for the rare-event rational design of 3D printed multi-material mechanical metamaterials
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Emerging multi-material 3D printing techniques have paved the way for the rational design of metamaterials with not only complex geometries but also arbitrary distributions of multiple materials within those geometries. Varying the spatial distribution of multiple materials gives rise to many interesting and potentially unique combinations of anisotropic elastic properties. While the availability of a design approach to cover a large portion of all possible combinations of elastic properties is interesting in itself, it is even more important to find the extremely rare designs that lead to highly unusual combinations of material properties (e.g., double-auxeticity and high elastic moduli). Here, we used a random distribution of a hard phase and a soft phase within a regular lattice to study the resulting anisotropic mechanical properties of the network in general and the abovementioned rare designs in particular. The primary challenge to take up concerns the huge number of design parameters and the extreme rarity of such designs. We, therefore, used computational models and deep learning algorithms to create a mapping from the space of design parameters to the space of mechanical properties, thereby (i) reducing the computational time required for evaluating each designand (ii) making the process of evaluating the different designs highly parallelizable. Furthermore, we selected ten designs to be fabricated using polyjet multi-material 3D printing techniques, mechanically tested them, and characterized their behavior using digital image correlation (DIC, 3 designs) to validate the accuracy of our computational models. The results of our simulations show that deep learning-based algorithms can accurately predict the mechanical properties of the different designs, which match the various deformation mechanisms observed in the experiments.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 4 Apr 2022 18:04:23 GMT'}]
2022-04-06
Qi-Jun Hong
Melting temperature prediction via first principles and deep learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
Melting is a high temperature process that requires extensive sampling of configuration space, thus making melting temperature prediction computationally very expensive and challenging. Over the past few years, I have built two methods to address this challenge, one via direct density functional theory (DFT) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the other via deep learning graph neural networks. The DFT approach is based on statistical analysis of small-size solid-liquid coexistence MD simulations. It eliminates the risk of metastable superheated solid in the fast-heating method, while also significantly reducing the computer cost relative to the traditional large-scale coexistence method. Being both accurate and efficient (at the speed of several days per material), it is considered as one of the best methods for direct DFT melting temperature calculation. The deep learning method is based on graph neural networks that effectively handles permutation invariance in chemical formula, which drastically improves efficiency and reduces cost. At the speed of milliseconds per material, the model is extremely fast, while being moderately accurate, especially within the composition space expanded by the dataset. I have implemented both methods into automated computer code packages, making them publicly available and free to download. The DFT and deep learning methods are highly complementary to each other, and hence they can be potentially well integrated into a framework for melting temperature prediction. I demonstrated examples of applying the methods to materials design and discovery of high-melting-point materials.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sun, 10 Apr 2022 18:17:32 GMT'}]
2022-04-12
Dillan J. Chang, Colum M. O'Leary, Cong Su, Salman Kahn, Alex Zettl, Jim Ciston, Peter Ercius and Jianwei Miao
Deep Learning Coherent Diffractive Imaging
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
We report the development of deep learning coherent electron diffractive imaging at sub-angstrom resolution using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with only simulated data. We experimentally demonstrate this method by applying the trained CNNs to directly recover the phase images from electron diffraction patterns of twisted hexagonal boron nitride, monolayer graphene and a Au nanoparticle with comparable quality to those reconstructed by a conventional ptychographic method. Fourier ring correlation between the CNN and ptychographic images indicates the achievement of a spatial resolution in the range of 0.70 and 0.55 angstrom (depending on different resolution criteria). The ability to replace iterative algorithms with CNNs and perform real-time imaging from coherent diffraction patterns is expected to find broad applications in the physical and biological sciences.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 18 Apr 2022 04:05:41 GMT'}]
2022-04-19
Giovanni Bertoni, Enzo Rotunno, Daan Marsmans, Peter Tiemeijer, Amir H. Tavabi, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and Vincenzo Grillo
Near-real-time diagnosis of electron optical phase aberrations in scanning transmission electron microscopy using an artificial neural network
Ultramicroscopy 2023
10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113663
null
physics.ins-det cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.optics
The key to optimizing spatial resolution in a state-of-the-art scanning transmission electron microscope is the ability to precisely measure and correct for electron optical aberrations of the probe-forming lenses. Several diagnostic methods for aberration measurement and correction with maximum precision and accuracy have been proposed, albeit often at the cost of relatively long acquisition times. Here, we illustrate how artificial intelligence can be used to provide near-real-time diagnosis of aberrations from individual Ronchigrams. The demonstrated speed of aberration measurement is important as microscope conditions can change rapidly, as well as for the operation of MEMS-based hardware correction elements that have less intrinsic stability than conventional electromagnetic lenses.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 23 Apr 2022 19:07:43 GMT'}]
2023-01-04
Lai Wei, Qinyang Li, Yuqi Song, Stanislav Stefanov, Edirisuriya M. D. Siriwardane, Fanglin Chen, Jianjun Hu
Crystal Transformer: Self-learning neural language model for Generative and Tinkering Design of Materials
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Self-supervised neural language models have recently achieved unprecedented success, from natural language processing to learning the languages of biological sequences and organic molecules. These models have demonstrated superior performance in the generation, structure classification, and functional predictions for proteins and molecules with learned representations. However, most of the masking-based pre-trained language models are not designed for generative design, and their black-box nature makes it difficult to interpret their design logic. Here we propose BLMM Crystal Transformer, a neural network based probabilistic generative model for generative and tinkering design of inorganic materials. Our model is built on the blank filling language model for text generation and has demonstrated unique advantages in learning the "materials grammars" together with high-quality generation, interpretability, and data efficiency. It can generate chemically valid materials compositions with as high as 89.7\% charge neutrality and 84.8\% balanced electronegativity, which are more than 4 and 8 times higher compared to a pseudo random sampling baseline. The probabilistic generation process of BLMM allows it to recommend tinkering operations based on learned materials chemistry and makes it useful for materials doping. Combined with the TCSP crysal structure prediction algorithm, We have applied our model to discover a set of new materials as validated using DFT calculations. Our work thus brings the unsupervised transformer language models based generative artificial intelligence to inorganic materials. A user-friendly web app has been developed for computational materials doping and can be accessed freely at \url{www.materialsatlas.org/blmtinker}.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 25 Apr 2022 20:20:26 GMT'}]
2022-04-27
Jim James, Nathan Pruyne, Tiberiu Stan, Marcus Schwarting, Jiwon Yeom, Seungbum Hong, Peter Voorhees, Ben Blaiszik, Ian Foster
3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Dendrite Segmentation Using Fine-Tuning and Hyperparameter Optimization
null
null
null
cs.CV cond-mat.mtrl-sci eess.IV
Dendritic microstructures are ubiquitous in nature and are the primary solidification morphologies in metallic materials. Techniques such as x-ray computed tomography (XCT) have provided new insights into dendritic phase transformation phenomena. However, manual identification of dendritic morphologies in microscopy data can be both labor intensive and potentially ambiguous. The analysis of 3D datasets is particularly challenging due to their large sizes (terabytes) and the presence of artifacts scattered within the imaged volumes. In this study, we trained 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to segment 3D datasets. Three CNN architectures were investigated, including a new 3D version of FCDense. We show that using hyperparameter optimization (HPO) and fine-tuning techniques, both 2D and 3D CNN architectures can be trained to outperform the previous state of the art. The 3D U-Net architecture trained in this study produced the best segmentations according to quantitative metrics (pixel-wise accuracy of 99.84% and a boundary displacement error of 0.58 pixels), while 3D FCDense produced the smoothest boundaries and best segmentations according to visual inspection. The trained 3D CNNs are able to segment entire 852 x 852 x 250 voxel 3D volumes in only ~60 seconds, thus hastening the progress towards a deeper understanding of phase transformation phenomena such as dendritic solidification.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 2 May 2022 19:20:05 GMT'}]
2022-05-04
Joseph Musielewicz, Xiaoxiao Wang, Tian Tian, and Zachary Ulissi
FINETUNA: Fine-tuning Accelerated Molecular Simulations
null
null
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Machine learning approaches have the potential to approximate Density Functional Theory (DFT) for atomistic simulations in a computationally efficient manner, which could dramatically increase the impact of computational simulations on real-world problems. However, they are limited by their accuracy and the cost of generating labeled data. Here, we present an online active learning framework for accelerating the simulation of atomic systems efficiently and accurately by incorporating prior physical information learned by large-scale pre-trained graph neural network models from the Open Catalyst Project. Accelerating these simulations enables useful data to be generated more cheaply, allowing better models to be trained and more atomistic systems to be screened. We also present a method of comparing local optimization techniques on the basis of both their speed and accuracy. Experiments on 30 benchmark adsorbate-catalyst systems show that our method of transfer learning to incorporate prior information from pre-trained models accelerates simulations by reducing the number of DFT calculations by 91%, while meeting an accuracy threshold of 0.02 eV 93% of the time. Finally, we demonstrate a technique for leveraging the interactive functionality built in to VASP to efficiently compute single point calculations within our online active learning framework without the significant startup costs. This allows VASP to work in tandem with our framework while requiring 75% fewer self-consistent cycles than conventional single point calculations. The online active learning implementation, and examples using the VASP interactive code, are available in the open source FINETUNA package on Github.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 2 May 2022 21:36:01 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Fri, 1 Jul 2022 18:59:42 GMT'}]
2022-07-05
Rishikesh Magar, Yuyang Wang, and Amir Barati Farimani
Crystal Twins: Self-supervised Learning for Crystalline Material Property Prediction
null
null
null
cs.LG cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Machine learning (ML) models have been widely successful in the prediction of material properties. However, large labeled datasets required for training accurate ML models are elusive and computationally expensive to generate. Recent advances in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) frameworks capable of training ML models on unlabeled data have mitigated this problem and demonstrated superior performance in computer vision and natural language processing tasks. Drawing inspiration from the developments in SSL, we introduce Crystal Twins (CT): an SSL method for crystalline materials property prediction. Using a large unlabeled dataset, we pre-train a Graph Neural Network (GNN) by applying the redundancy reduction principle to the graph latent embeddings of augmented instances obtained from the same crystalline system. By sharing the pre-trained weights when fine-tuning the GNN for regression tasks, we significantly improve the performance for 7 challenging material property prediction benchmarks
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 4 May 2022 05:08:46 GMT'}]
2022-05-05
B. Burton, W.T. Nash, N. Birbilis
RustSEG -- Automated segmentation of corrosion using deep learning
null
null
null
cs.CV cond-mat.mtrl-sci
The inspection of infrastructure for corrosion remains a task that is typically performed manually by qualified engineers or inspectors. This task of inspection is laborious, slow, and often requires complex access. Recently, deep learning based algorithms have revealed promise and performance in the automatic detection of corrosion. However, to date, research regarding the segmentation of images for automated corrosion detection has been limited, due to the lack of availability of per-pixel labelled data sets which are required for model training. Herein, a novel deep learning approach (termed RustSEG) is presented, that can accurately segment images for automated corrosion detection, without the requirement of per-pixel labelled data sets for training. The RustSEG method will first, using deep learning techniques, determine if corrosion is present in an image (i.e. a classification task), and then if corrosion is present, the model will examine what pixels in the original image contributed to that classification decision. Finally, the method can refine its predictions into a pixel-level segmentation mask. In ideal cases, the method is able to generate precise masks of corrosion in images, demonstrating that the automated segmentation of corrosion without per-pixel training data is possible, addressing a significant hurdle in automated infrastructure inspection.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 11 May 2022 11:48:02 GMT'}]
2022-05-12
Mao Su, Ji-Hui Yang, Hong-Jun Xiang and Xin-Gao Gong
Efficient determination of the Hamiltonian and electronic properties using graph neural network with complete local coordinates
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn physics.comp-ph
Despite the successes of machine learning methods in physical sciences, prediction of the Hamiltonian, and thus electronic properties, is still unsatisfactory. Here, based on graph neural network architecture, we present an extendable neural network model to determine the Hamiltonian from ab initio data, with only local atomic structures as inputs. Rotational equivariance of the Hamiltonian is achieved by our complete local coordinates. The local coordinates information, encoded using the convolutional neural network and designed to preserve Hermitian symmetry, is used to map hopping parameters onto local structures. We demonstrate the performance of our model using graphene and SiGe random alloys as examples. We show that our neural network model, although trained using small-size systems, can predict the Hamiltonian, as well as electronic properties such as band structures and densities of states (DOS) for large-size systems within the ab initio accuracy, justifying its extensibility. In combination with the high efficiency of our model, which takes only seconds to get the Hamiltonian of a 1728-atom system, present work provides a general framework to predict electronic properties efficiently and accurately, which provides new insights into computational physics and will accelerate the research for large-scale materials.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 11 May 2022 13:20:20 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:56:34 GMT'}]
2023-01-12
Darren C. Pagan, Calvin R. Pash, Austin R. Benson, Matthew P. Kasemer
Graph Neural Network Modeling of Grain-scale Anisotropic Elastic Behavior using Simulated and Measured Microscale Data
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Here we assess the applicability of graph neural networks (GNNs) for predicting the grain-scale elastic response of polycrystalline metallic alloys. Using GNN surrogate models, grain-averaged stresses during uniaxial elastic tension in Low Solvus High Refractory (LSHR) Ni Superalloy and Ti 7wt%Al (Ti-7Al), as example face centered cubic and hexagonal closed packed alloys, are predicted. A transfer learning approach is taken in which GNN surrogate models are trained using crystal elasticity finite element method (CEFEM) simulations and then the trained surrogate models are used to predict the mechanical response of microstructures measured using high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM). The performance of using various microstructural and micromechanical descriptors for input nodal features to the GNNs is explored through comparisons to traditional mean-field theory predictions, reserved full-field CEFEM data, and measured far-field HEDM data. The effects of elastic anisotropy on GNN model performance and outlooks for extension of the framework are discussed.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 12 May 2022 19:25:50 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Tue, 30 Aug 2022 18:24:36 GMT'}]
2022-09-01
Emanuele Costa, Giuseppe Scriva, Rosario Fazio, Sebastiano Pilati
Deep learning density functionals for gradient descent optimization
Phys. Rev. E 106, 045309 (2022)
10.1103/PhysRevE.106.045309
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other cond-mat.quant-gas
Machine-learned regression models represent a promising tool to implement accurate and computationally affordable energy-density functionals to solve quantum many-body problems via density functional theory. However, while they can easily be trained to accurately map ground-state density profiles to the corresponding energies, their functional derivatives often turn out to be too noisy, leading to instabilities in self-consistent iterations and in gradient-based searches of the ground-state density profile. We investigate how these instabilities occur when standard deep neural networks are adopted as regression models, and we show how to avoid it using an ad-hoc convolutional architecture featuring an inter-channel averaging layer. The testbed we consider is a realistic model for noninteracting atoms in optical speckle disorder. With the inter-channel average, accurate and systematically improvable ground-state energies and density profiles are obtained via gradient-descent optimization, without instabilities nor violations of the variational principle.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 17 May 2022 13:57:08 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 7 Nov 2022 12:14:42 GMT'}]
2022-11-08
Md Esharuzzaman Emu
Predictions of Electromotive Force of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy (MSMA) Using Constitutive Model and Generalized Regression Neural Network
null
10.1088/1361-665X/acb2a1
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci stat.ML
Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), such as Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals, can exhibit the shape memory effect due to an applied magnetic field at room temperature. Under a variable magnetic field and a constant bias stress loading, MSMAs have been used for actuation applications. This work introduced a new feature to the existing macroscale magneto-mechanical model for Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal. This model includes the fact that the magnetic easy axis in the two variants is not exactly perpendicular as observed by D silva et al. This offset helps explain some of the power harvesting capabilities of MSMAs. Model predictions are compared to experimental data collected on a Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal. The experiments include both stress-controlled loading with constant bias magnetic field load (which mimics power harvesting or sensing) and fieldcontrolled loading with constant bias compressive stress (which mimics actuation). Each type of test was performed at several different load levels, and the applied field was measured without the MSMA specimen present so that demagnetization does not affect the experimentally measured field as suggested by Eberle et al. Results show decent agreement between model predictions and experimental data. Although the model predicts experimental results decently, it does not capture all the features of the experimental data. In order to capture all the experimental features, finally, a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was used to train the experimental data (stress, strain, magnetic field, and emf) so that it can make a reasonably better prediction.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 8 Jun 2022 06:38:33 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Wed, 19 Oct 2022 03:50:36 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Fri, 11 Nov 2022 21:37:38 GMT'}]
2023-01-20
Kihyun Lee, Jinsub Park, Soyeon Choi, Yangjin Lee, Sol Lee, Joowon Jung, Jong-Young Lee, Farman Ullah, Zeeshan Tahir, Yong Soo Kim, Gwan-Hyoung Lee, and Kwanpyo Kim
STEM image analysis based on deep learning: identification of vacancy defects and polymorphs of ${MoS_2}$
Nano Letters, 2022
10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00550
null
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.CV
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is an indispensable tool for atomic-resolution structural analysis for a wide range of materials. The conventional analysis of STEM images is an extensive hands-on process, which limits efficient handling of high-throughput data. Here we apply a fully convolutional network (FCN) for identification of important structural features of two-dimensional crystals. ResUNet, a type of FCN, is utilized in identifying sulfur vacancies and polymorph types of ${MoS_2}$ from atomic resolution STEM images. Efficient models are achieved based on training with simulated images in the presence of different levels of noise, aberrations, and carbon contamination. The accuracy of the FCN models toward extensive experimental STEM images is comparable to that of careful hands-on analysis. Our work provides a guideline on best practices to train a deep learning model for STEM image analysis and demonstrates FCN's application for efficient processing of a large volume of STEM data.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 9 Jun 2022 04:43:56 GMT'}]
2022-06-10
Ronaldo Giro, Hsianghan Hsu, Akihiro Kishimoto, Toshiyuki Hama, Rodrigo F. Neumann, Binquan Luan, Seiji Takeda, Lisa Hamada and Mathias B. Steiner
AI powered, automated discovery of polymer membranes for carbon capture
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
The generation of molecules with Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize materials discovery. Potential applications range from development of potent drugs to efficient carbon capture and separation technologies. However, existing computational frameworks lack automated training data creation and physical performance validation at meso-scale where complex properties of amorphous materials emerge. The methodological gaps have so far limited AI design to small-molecule applications. Here, we report the first automated discovery of complex materials through inverse molecular design which is informed by meso-scale target features and process figures-of-merit. We have entered the new discovery regime by computationally generating and validating hundreds of polymer candidates designed for application in post-combustion carbon dioxide filtration. Specifically, we have validated each discovery step, from training dataset creation, via graph-based generative design of optimized monomer units, to molecular dynamics simulation of gas permeation through the polymer membranes. For the latter, we have devised a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) enabling permeability simulations at about 1,000x the volume of an individual, AI-generated monomer, obtaining quantitative agreement. The discovery-to-validation time per polymer candidate is on the order of 100 hours in a standard computing environment, offering a computational screening alternative prior to lab validation.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 29 Jun 2022 13:31:24 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 28 Jul 2022 17:14:06 GMT'}]
2022-07-29
Claus O.W. Trost (1), Stanislav Zak (1), Sebastian Schaffer (2 and 3), Christian Saringer (4), Lukas Exl (2 and 3) and Megan J. Cordill (1 and 4) ((1) Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben, Austria., (2) Wolfgang Pauli Institute c/o Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., (3) University of Vienna Research Platform MMM Mathematics - Magnetism - Materials, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., (4.) Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Coated Cutting Tools at the Department of Materials Science, Leoben, Austria., (5) Department of Materials Science, Leoben, Austria.)
Bridging Fidelities to Predict Nanoindentation Tip Radii Using Interpretable Deep Learning Models
null
10.1007/s11837-022-05233-z
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
As the need for miniaturized structural and functional materials has increased,the need for precise materials characterizaton has also expanded. Nanoindentation is a popular method that can be used to measure material mechanical behavior which enables high-throughput experiments and, in some cases, can also provide images of the indented area through scanning. Both indenting and scanning can cause tip wear that can influence the measurements. Therefore, precise characterization of tip radii is needed to improve data evaluation. A data fusion method is introduced which uses finite element simulations and experimental data to estimate the tip radius in situ in a meaningful way using an interpretable multi-fidelity deep learning approach. By interpreting the machine learning models, it is shown that the approaches are able to accurately capture physical indentation phenomena.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 1 Jul 2022 07:26:54 GMT'}]
2022-07-04
Nikil Ravi, Pranshu Chaturvedi, E. A. Huerta, Zhengchun Liu, Ryan Chard, Aristana Scourtas, K.J. Schmidt, Kyle Chard, Ben Blaiszik and Ian Foster
FAIR principles for AI models with a practical application for accelerated high energy diffraction microscopy
Scientific Data 9, 657 (2022)
10.1038/s41597-022-01712-9
null
cs.AI cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
A concise and measurable set of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles for scientific data is transforming the state-of-practice for data management and stewardship, supporting and enabling discovery and innovation. Learning from this initiative, and acknowledging the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in the practice of science and engineering, we introduce a set of practical, concise, and measurable FAIR principles for AI models. We showcase how to create and share FAIR data and AI models within a unified computational framework combining the following elements: the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, the Materials Data Facility, the Data and Learning Hub for Science, and funcX, and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), in particular the ThetaGPU supercomputer and the SambaNova DataScale system at the ALCF AI Testbed. We describe how this domain-agnostic computational framework may be harnessed to enable autonomous AI-driven discovery.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 1 Jul 2022 18:11:12 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 14 Jul 2022 18:11:27 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Wed, 21 Dec 2022 17:37:27 GMT'}]
2023-08-21
Siyu Isaac Parker Tian, Zekun Ren, Selvaraj Venkataraj, Yuanhang Cheng, Daniil Bash, Felipe Oviedo, J. Senthilnath, Vijila Chellappan, Yee-Fun Lim, Armin G. Aberle, Benjamin P MacLeod, Fraser G. L. Parlane, Curtis P. Berlinguette, Qianxiao Li, Tonio Buonassisi, Zhe Liu
Tackling Data Scarcity with Transfer Learning: A Case Study of Thickness Characterization from Optical Spectra of Perovskite Thin Films
null
null
null
cs.LG cond-mat.mtrl-sci eess.IV physics.optics
Transfer learning increasingly becomes an important tool in handling data scarcity often encountered in machine learning. In the application of high-throughput thickness as a downstream process of the high-throughput optimization of optoelectronic thin films with autonomous workflows, data scarcity occurs especially for new materials. To achieve high-throughput thickness characterization, we propose a machine learning model called thicknessML that predicts thickness from UV-Vis spectrophotometry input and an overarching transfer learning workflow. We demonstrate the transfer learning workflow from generic source domain of generic band-gapped materials to specific target domain of perovskite materials, where the target domain data only come from limited number (18) of refractive indices from literature. The target domain can be easily extended to other material classes with a few literature data. Defining thickness prediction accuracy to be within-10% deviation, thicknessML achieves 92.2% (with a deviation of 3.6%) accuracy with transfer learning compared to 81.8% (with a deviation of 3.6%) 11.7% without (lower mean and larger standard deviation). Experimental validation on six deposited perovskite films also corroborates the efficacy of the proposed workflow by yielding a 10.5% mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 14 Jun 2022 16:26:15 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Tue, 20 Dec 2022 08:51:48 GMT'}]
2022-12-21
Alexey N. Korovin, Innokentiy S. Humonen, Artem I. Samtsevich, Roman A. Eremin, Artem I. Vasilyev, Vladimir D. Lazarev, Semen A. Budennyy
Boosting Heterogeneous Catalyst Discovery by Structurally Constrained Deep Learning Models
Materials Today Chemistry 2023, 30, 101541
10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101541
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
The discovery of new catalysts is one of the significant topics of computational chemistry as it has the potential to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy sources. Recently developed deep learning approaches such as graph neural networks (GNNs) open new opportunity to significantly extend scope for modelling novel high-performance catalysts. Nevertheless, the graph representation of particular crystal structure is not a straightforward task due to the ambiguous connectivity schemes and numerous embeddings of nodes and edges. Here we present embedding improvement for GNN that has been modified by Voronoi tesselation and is able to predict the energy of catalytic systems within Open Catalyst Project dataset. Enrichment of the graph was calculated via Voronoi tessellation and the corresponding contact solid angles and types (direct or indirect) were considered as features of edges and Voronoi volumes were used as node characteristics. The auxiliary approach was enriching node representation by intrinsic atomic properties (electronegativity, period and group position). Proposed modifications allowed us to improve the mean absolute error of the original model and the final error equals to 651 meV per atom on the Open Catalyst Project dataset and 6 meV per atom on the intermetallics dataset. Also, by consideration of additional dataset, we show that a sensible choice of data can decrease the error to values above physically-based 20 meV per atom threshold.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 11 Jul 2022 17:01:28 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 5 Sep 2022 13:49:45 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Sun, 2 Oct 2022 15:30:48 GMT'}]
2023-04-24
Sadhana Singh, Avinash G. Khanderao, Mukul Gupta, Ilya Sergeev, H. C. Wille, Kai Schlage, Marcus Herlitschke, Dileep Kumar
Origin of exchange bias in [Co/Pt]ML/Fe multilayer with orthogonal magnetic anisotropies
Phys. Rev. B 108, 075414 (2023)
10.1103/PhysRevB.108.075414
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Magnetization reversal of soft ferromagnetic Fe layer, coupled to [Co/Pt]ML multilayer [ML] with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), has been studied in-situ with an aim to understand the origin of exchange bias (EB) in orthogonal magnetic anisotropic systems. The interface remanant state of the ML is modified by magnetic field annealing, and the effect of the same on the soft Fe layer is monitored using the in-situ magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). A considerable shift in the Fe layer hysteresis loop from the centre and an unusual increase in the coercivity, similar to exchange bias phenomena, is attributed to the exchange coupling at the [Co/Pt]ML and Fe interface. The effect of the coupling on spin orientation at the interface is further explored precisely by performing an isotope selective grazing incident nuclear resonance scattering (GINRS) technique. Here, the interface selectivity is achieved by introducing a 2 nm thick Fe57 marker between [Co/Pt]ML and Fe layers. Interface sensitivity is further enhanced by performing measurements under the x-ray standing wave conditions. The combined MOKE and GINRS analysis revealed the unidirectional pinning of the Fe layer due to the net in-plane magnetic spin at the interface caused by magnetic field annealing. Unidirectional exchange coupling or pinning at the interface, which may be due to the formation of asymmetrical closure domains, is found responsible for the origin of EB with an unusual increase in coercivity.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 15 Jul 2022 09:48:17 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Tue, 19 Jul 2022 14:23:44 GMT'}]
2023-09-06
Sachin Gautham and Tarak Patra
Deep Learning Potential of Mean Force between Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.soft
Grafting polymer chains on nanoparticles surfaces is a well-known route to control their self assembly and distribution in a polymer matrix. A wide variety of self assembled structures are achieved by changing the grafting patterns on an individual nanoparticle surface. However, accurate estimation of the effective potential of mean force between a pair of grafted nanoparticles that determines their assembly and distribution in a polymer matrix is an outstanding challenge in nanoscience. Here, we propose a new deep learning method that learns the interaction between a pair of grafted nanoparticles from the molecular dynamics trajectory of a cluster of polymer-grafted nanoparticles. Subsequently, we carry out the deep learning potential of mean force-based molecular simulation that predicts the self-assembly of a large number of polymer grafted nanoparticles into various anisotropic superstructures, including percolating networks and bilayers depending on nanoparticles concentration in 3D. The deep learning potential of mean force-predicted self-assembled superstructures are consistent with the actual superstructures of polymer grafted nanoparticles. This deep learning framework is very generic and can accelerate the characterization and prediction of the self-assembly and phase behaviour of polymer-grafted and unfunctionalized nanoparticles in free space or a polymer matrix.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 18 Jul 2022 15:26:53 GMT'}]
2022-07-19
Suvo Banik, Debdas Dhabal, Henry Chan, Sukriti Manna, Mathew Cherukara, Valeria Molinero, Subramanian KRS Sankaranarayanan
CEGANN: Crystal Edge Graph Attention Neural Network for multiscale classification of materials environment
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Machine learning models and applications in materials design and discovery typically involve the use of feature representations or "descriptors" followed by a learning algorithm that maps them to a user-desired property of interest. Most popular mathematical formulation-based descriptors are not unique across atomic environments or suffer from transferability issues across different application domains and/or material classes. In this work, we introduce the Crystal Edge Graph Attention Neural Network (CEGANN) workflow that uses graph attention-based architecture to learn unique feature representations and perform classification of materials across multiple scales (from atomic to mesoscale) and diverse classes ranging from metals, oxides, non-metals and even hierarchical materials such as zeolites and semi ordered materials such as mesophases. We first demonstrate a case study where the classification is based on a global, structure-level representation such as space group and structural dimensionality (e.g., bulk, 2D, clusters etc.). Using representative materials such as polycrystals and zeolites, we next demonstrate the transferability of our network in successfully performing local atom-level classification tasks, such as grain boundary identification and other heterointerfaces. We also demonstrate classification in (thermal) noisy dynamical environments using a representative example of crystal nucleation and growth of a zeolite polymorph from an amorphous synthesis mixture. Finally, we characterize the formation of a binary mesophase and its phase transitions and the growth of ice, demonstrating the performance of CEGANN in systems with thermal noise and compositional diversity. Overall, our approach is agnostic to the material type and allows for multiscale classification of features ranging from atomic-scale crystal structures to heterointerfaces to microscale grain boundaries.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 20 Jul 2022 19:42:46 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Tue, 15 Nov 2022 05:10:45 GMT'}]
2022-11-16
Jingrui Wei, Ben Blaiszik, Aristana Scourtas, Dane Morgan, and Paul M. Voyles
Benchmark tests of atom segmentation deep learning models with a consistent dataset
Microsc. Microanal. (2022)
10.1093/micmic/ozac043
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn
The information content of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images can often be reduced to a handful of parameters describing each atomic column, chief amongst which is the column position. Neural networks (NNs) are a high performance, computationally efficient method to automatically locate atomic columns in images, which has led to a profusion of NN models and associated training datasets. We have developed a benchmark dataset of simulated and experimental STEM images and used it to evaluate the performance of two sets of recent NN models for atom location in STEM images. Both models exhibit high performance for images of varying quality from several different crystal lattices. However, there are important differences in performance as a function of image quality, and both models perform poorly for images outside the training data, such as interfaces with large difference in background intensity. Both the benchmark dataset and the models are available using the Foundry service for dissemination, discovery, and reuse of machine learning models.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 20 Jul 2022 19:51:39 GMT'}]
2023-02-22
Ramya Gurunathan and Kamal Choudhary and Francesca Tavazza
Rapid Prediction of Phonon Structure and Properties using an Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network (ALIGNN)
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
The phonon density-of-states (DOS) summarizes the lattice vibrational modes supported by a structure, and gives access to rich information about the material's stability, thermodynamic constants, and thermal transport coefficients. Here, we present an atomistic line graph neural network (ALIGNN) model for the prediction of the phonon density of states and the derived thermal and thermodynamic properties. The model is trained on a database of over 14,000 phonon spectra included in the JARVIS-DFT (Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations: Density Functional Theory) database. The model predictions are shown to capture the spectral features of the phonon density-of-states, effectively categorize dynamical stability, and lead to accurate predictions of DOS-derived thermal and thermodynamic properties, including heat capacity $C_{\mathrm{V}}$, vibrational entropy $S_{\mathrm{vib}}$, and the isotopic phonon scattering rate $\tau^{-1}_{\mathrm{i}}$. The DOS-mediated ALIGNN model provides superior predictions when compared to a direct deep-learning prediction of these material properties as well as predictions based on analytic simplifications of the phonon DOS, including the Debye or Born-von Karman models. Finally, the ALIGNN model is used to predict the phonon spectra and properties for about 40,000 additional materials listed in the JARVIS-DFT database, which are validated as far as possible against other open-sourced high-throughput DFT phonon databases.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 25 Jul 2022 20:13:49 GMT'}]
2022-07-27
Andy Bridger, William I. F. David, Thomas J. Wood, Mohsen Danaie, Keith T. Butler
Versatile Domain Mapping Of Scanning Electron Nanobeam Diffraction Datasets Utilising Variational AutoEncoders and Decoder-Assisted Latent-Space Clustering
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Advancements in fast electron detectors have enabled the statistically significant sampling of crystal structures on the nanometre scale by means of Scanning Electron Nanobeam Diffraction (SEND). Characterisation of structural similarity across this length scale is key to bridging the gap between local atomic structure (using atomic resolution techniques such as High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-STEM)) and the macro-scale (using bulk techniques such as powder X-ray and neutron diffraction). The use of SEND technique allows for structural investigation of a broad range of samples, due to the techniques ability to operate with low electron dosage and its tolerance for sample thickness, relative to HR-STEM. This, coupled with the capacity for data collection over a wide areas and the automation of this collection, allows for statistically representative sampling of the microstructure. Also due to these factors, SEND generates large datasets and as a result automated/ semi-automated data processing workflows are required to aid in maximal extraction of useful information. As such, this paper outlines a versatile, data-driven approach for producing domain maps, as well as a statistical approach for assessing their applicability. The production of such domain maps for a dataset can help highlight nuance in the microstructure, as well as improve the manageability of that dataset for further investigation. The workflow outlined utilises a Variational AutoEncoder to identify and learn the sources of variance in the diffraction signal and this, in combination with clustering techniques, is used to produce domain maps for a set of varied example cases. This approach: is agnostic to domain crystallinity; requires no prior knowledge of crystal structure; and does not require the, potentially prohibitive, simulation of a library of appropriate diffraction patterns.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 27 Jul 2022 09:16:01 GMT'}]
2022-07-28
\c{S}ener \"Oz\"onder and H. K\"ubra K\"u\c{c}\"ukkartal
Rapid Discovery of Graphene Nanocrystals Using DFT and Bayesian Optimization with Neural Network Kernel
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn physics.comp-ph stat.ML
Density functional theory (DFT) is a powerful computational method used to obtain physical and chemical properties of materials. In the materials discovery framework, it is often necessary to virtually screen a large and high-dimensional chemical space to find materials with desired properties. However, grid searching a large chemical space with DFT is inefficient due to its high computational cost. We propose an approach utilizing Bayesian optimization (BO) with an artificial neural network kernel to enable smart search. This method leverages the BO algorithm, where the neural network, trained on a limited number of DFT results, determines the most promising regions of the chemical space to explore in subsequent iterations. This approach aims to discover materials with target properties while minimizing the number of DFT calculations required. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, we investigated 63 doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with sizes ranging from 1 to 2 nm to find the structure with the highest light absorbance. Using time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) only 12 times, we achieved a significant reduction in computational cost, approximately 20% of what would be required for a full grid search, by employing the BO algorithm with a neural network kernel. Considering that TDDFT calculations for a single GQD require about half a day of wall time on high-performance computing nodes, this reduction is substantial. Our approach can be generalized to the discovery of new drugs, chemicals, crystals, and alloys with high-dimensional and large chemical spaces, offering a scalable solution for various applications in materials science.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 16 Aug 2022 09:02:16 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Sat, 3 Aug 2024 20:39:34 GMT'}]
2024-08-06
Kyeongpung Lee, Yutack Park, and Seungwu Han
$\textit{Ab initio}$ construction of full phase diagram of MgO-CaO eutectic system using neural network interatomic potentials
null
null
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci
While several studies confirmed that machine-learned potentials (MLPs) can provide accurate free energies for determining phase stabilities, the abilities of MLPs for efficiently constructing a full phase diagram of multi-component systems are yet to be established. In this work, by employing neural network interatomic potentials (NNPs), we demonstrate construction of the MgO-CaO eutectic phase diagram with temperatures up to 3400 K, which includes liquid phases. The NNP is trained over trajectories of various solid and liquid phases at several compositions that are calculated within the density functional theory (DFT). For the exchange-correlation energy among electrons, we compare the PBE and SCAN functionals. The phase boundaries such as solidus, solvus, and liquidus are determined by free-energy calculations based on the thermodynamic integration or semigrand ensemble methods, and salient features in the phase diagram such as solubility limit and eutectic points are well reproduced. In particular, the phase diagram produced by the SCAN-NNP closely follows the experimental data, exhibiting both eutectic composition and temperature within the measurements. On a rough estimate, the whole procedure is more than 1,000 times faster than pure-DFT based approaches. We believe that this work paves the way to fully $\textit{ab initio}$ calculation of phase diagrams.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 25 Aug 2022 04:25:46 GMT'}]
2022-08-26
Zeyu Liu, Meng Jiang, Tengfei Luo
Leveraging Low-Fidelity Data to Improve Machine Learning of Sparse High-Fidelity Thermal Conductivity Data via Transfer Learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.app-ph
Lattice thermal conductivity (TC) of semiconductors is crucial for various applications, ranging from microelectronics to thermoelectrics. Data-driven approach can potentially establish the critical composition-property relationship needed for fast screening of candidates with desirable TC, but the small number of available data remains the main challenge. TC can be efficiently calculated using empirical models, but they have inferior accuracy compared to the more resource-demanding first-principles calculations. Here, we demonstrate the use of transfer learning (TL) to improve the machine learning models trained on small but high-fidelity TC data from experiments and first-principles calculations, by leveraging a large but low-fidelity data generated from empirical TC models, where the trainings on high- and low-fidelity TC data are treated as different but related tasks. TL improves the model accuracy by as much as 23% in R2 and reduces the average factor difference by as much as 30%. Using the TL model, a large semiconductor database is screened, and several candidates with room temperature TC > 350 W/mK are identified and further verified using first-principles simulations. This study demonstrates that TL can leverage big low-fidelity data as a proxy task to improve models for the target task with high-fidelity but small data. Such a capability of TL may have important implications to materials informatics in general.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sun, 28 Aug 2022 21:45:54 GMT'}]
2022-08-30
Mohammad S. Khorrami, Jaber R. Mianroodi, Nima H. Siboni, Pawan Goyal, Bob Svendsen, Peter Benner, Dierk Raabe
An artificial neural network for surrogate modeling of stress fields in viscoplastic polycrystalline materials
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
The purpose of this work is the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) for surrogate modeling of the mechanical response of viscoplastic grain microstructures. To this end, a U-Net-based convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to account for the history dependence of the material behavior. The training data take the form of numerical simulation results for the von Mises stress field under quasi-static tensile loading. The trained CNN (tCNN) can accurately reproduce both the average response as well as the local von Mises stress field. The tCNN calculates the von Mises stress field of grain microstructures not included in the training dataset about 500 times faster than its calculation based on the numerical solution with a spectral solver of the corresponding initial-boundary-value problem. The tCNN is also successfully applied to other types of microstructure morphologies (e.g., matrix-inclusion type topologies) and loading levels not contained in the training dataset.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 29 Aug 2022 10:47:55 GMT'}]
2022-08-30
Roberto Perera and Vinamra Agrawal
Dynamic and adaptive mesh-based graph neural network framework for simulating displacement and crack fields in phase field models
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Fracture is one of the main causes of failure in engineering structures. Phase field methods coupled with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniques have been widely used to model crack propagation due to their ease of implementation and scalability. However, phase field methods can still be computationally demanding making them unfeasible for high-throughput design applications. Machine learning (ML) models such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown their ability to emulate complex dynamic problems with speed-ups orders of magnitude faster compared to high-fidelity simulators. In this work, we present a dynamic mesh-based GNN framework for emulating phase field simulations of crack propagation with AMR for different crack configurations. The developed framework - ADAPTive mesh-based graph neural network (ADAPT-GNN) - exploits the benefits of both ML methods and AMR by describing the graph representation at each time-step as the refined mesh itself. Using ADAPT-GNN, we predict the evolution of displacement fields and scalar damage field (or phase field) with high accuracy compared to conventional phase field fracture model. We also compute crack stress fields with high accuracy using the predicted displacements and phase field parameter. Finally, we observe speed up of 15-36x compared to serial execution of the phase field model.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 30 Aug 2022 16:12:16 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 1 Sep 2022 14:00:43 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Tue, 11 Jul 2023 16:54:12 GMT'}]
2023-07-12
Kamal Choudhary, Brian DeCost, Lily Major, Keith Butler, Jeyan Thiyagalingam, Francesca Tavazza
Unified Graph Neural Network Force-field for the Periodic Table
null
10.1039/D2DD00096B
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Classical force fields (FF) based on machine learning (ML) methods show great potential for large scale simulations of materials. MLFFs have hitherto largely been designed and fitted for specific systems and are not usually transferable to chemistries beyond the specific training set. We develop a unified atomisitic line graph neural network-based FF (ALIGNN-FF) that can model both structurally and chemically diverse materials with any combination of 89 elements from the periodic table. To train the ALIGNN-FF model, we use the JARVIS-DFT dataset which contains around 75000 materials and 4 million energy-force entries, out of which 307113 are used in the training. We demonstrate the applicability of this method for fast optimization of atomic structures in the crystallography open database and by predicting accurate crystal structures using genetic algorithm for alloys.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 12 Sep 2022 19:13:27 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Fri, 16 Sep 2022 11:21:11 GMT'}]
2023-03-06
Minyi Dai, Mehmet F. Demirel, Xuanhan Liu, Yingyu Liang, Jia-Mian Hu
Graph Neural Network for Predicting the Effective Properties of Polycrystalline Materials: A Comprehensive Analysis
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
We develop a polycrystal graph neural network (PGNN) model for predicting the effective properties of polycrystalline materials, using the Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic as an example. A large-scale dataset with >5000 different three-dimensional polycrystalline microstructures of finite-width grain boundary is generated by Voronoi tessellation and processing of the electron backscatter diffraction images. The effective ion conductivities and elastic stiffness coefficients of these microstructures are calculated by high-throughput physics-based simulations. The optimized PGNN model achieves a low error of <1.4% in predicting all three diagonal components of the effective Li-ion conductivity matrix, outperforming a linear regression model and two baseline convolutional neural network models. Sequential forward selection method is used to quantify the relative importance of selecting individual grain (boundary) features to improving the property prediction accuracy, through which both the critical and unwanted node (edge) feature can be determined. The extrapolation performance of the trained PGNN model is also investigated. The transfer learning performance is evaluated by using the PGNN model pretrained for predicting conductivities to predict the elastic properties of the same set of microstructures.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 12 Sep 2022 20:12:19 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 8 Jun 2023 05:39:03 GMT'}]
2023-06-09
Paul Laiu, Ying Yang, Massimiliano Lupo Pasini, Jong Youl Choi, Dongwon Shin
A Neural Network Approach to Predict Gibbs Free Energy of Ternary Solid Solutions
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
We present a data-centric deep learning (DL) approach using neural networks (NNs) to predict the thermodynamics of ternary solid solutions. We explore how NNs can be trained with a dataset of Gibbs free energies computed from a CALPHAD database to predict ternary systems as a function of composition and temperature. We have chosen the energetics of the FCC solid solution phase in 226 binaries consisting of 23 elements at 11 different temperatures to demonstrate the feasibility. The number of binary data points included in the present study is 102,000. We select six ternaries to augment the binary dataset to investigate their influence on the NN prediction accuracy. We examine the sensitivity of data sampling on the prediction accuracy of NNs over selected ternary systems. It is anticipated that the current DL workflow can be further elevated by integrating advanced descriptors beyond the elemental composition and more curated training datasets to improve prediction accuracy and applicability.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 12 Sep 2022 20:59:10 GMT'}]
2022-09-14
Lai Wei, Nihang Fu, Yuqi Song, Qian Wang, Jianjun Hu
Probabilistic Generative Transformer Language models for Generative Design of Molecules
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG physics.chem-ph
Self-supervised neural language models have recently found wide applications in generative design of organic molecules and protein sequences as well as representation learning for downstream structure classification and functional prediction. However, most of the existing deep learning models for molecule design usually require a big dataset and have a black-box architecture, which makes it difficult to interpret their design logic. Here we propose Generative Molecular Transformer (GMTransformer), a probabilistic neural network model for generative design of molecules. Our model is built on the blank filling language model originally developed for text processing, which has demonstrated unique advantages in learning the "molecules grammars" with high-quality generation, interpretability, and data efficiency. Benchmarked on the MOSES datasets, our models achieve high novelty and Scaf compared to other baselines. The probabilistic generation steps have the potential in tinkering molecule design due to their capability of recommending how to modify existing molecules with explanation, guided by the learned implicit molecule chemistry. The source code and datasets can be accessed freely at https://github.com/usccolumbia/GMTransformer
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 20 Sep 2022 01:51:57 GMT'}]
2022-09-21
Jaber R. Mianroodi, Nima H. Siboni, Dierk Raabe
Computational Discovery of Energy-Efficient Heat Treatment for Microstructure Design using Deep Reinforcement Learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is employed to develop autonomously optimized and custom-designed heat-treatment processes that are both, microstructure-sensitive and energy efficient. Different from conventional supervised machine learning, DRL does not rely on static neural network training from data alone, but a learning agent autonomously develops optimal solutions, based on reward and penalty elements, with reduced or no supervision. In our approach, a temperature-dependent Allen-Cahn model for phase transformation is used as the environment for the DRL agent, serving as the model world in which it gains experience and takes autonomous decisions. The agent of the DRL algorithm is controlling the temperature of the system, as a model furnace for heat-treatment of alloys. Microstructure goals are defined for the agent based on the desired microstructure of the phases. After training, the agent can generate temperature-time profiles for a variety of initial microstructure states to reach the final desired microstructure state. The agent's performance and the physical meaning of the heat-treatment profiles generated are investigated in detail. In particular, the agent is capable of controlling the temperature to reach the desired microstructure starting from a variety of initial conditions. This capability of the agent in handling a variety of conditions paves the way for using such an approach also for recycling-oriented heat treatment process design where the initial composition can vary from batch to batch, due to impurity intrusion, and also for the design of energy-efficient heat treatments. For testing this hypothesis, an agent without penalty on the total consumed energy is compared with one that considers energy costs. The energy cost penalty is imposed as an additional criterion on the agent for finding the optimal temperature-time profile.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 22 Sep 2022 18:07:16 GMT'}]
2022-09-26
Christopher Kuenneth and Rampi Ramprasad
polyBERT: A chemical language model to enable fully machine-driven ultrafast polymer informatics
null
10.1038/s41467-023-39868-6
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI cs.LG
Polymers are a vital part of everyday life. Their chemical universe is so large that it presents unprecedented opportunities as well as significant challenges to identify suitable application-specific candidates. We present a complete end-to-end machine-driven polymer informatics pipeline that can search this space for suitable candidates at unprecedented speed and accuracy. This pipeline includes a polymer chemical fingerprinting capability called polyBERT (inspired by Natural Language Processing concepts), and a multitask learning approach that maps the polyBERT fingerprints to a host of properties. polyBERT is a chemical linguist that treats the chemical structure of polymers as a chemical language. The present approach outstrips the best presently available concepts for polymer property prediction based on handcrafted fingerprint schemes in speed by two orders of magnitude while preserving accuracy, thus making it a strong candidate for deployment in scalable architectures including cloud infrastructures.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 29 Sep 2022 14:09:54 GMT'}]
2023-07-20
Animesh Ghose, Mikhail Segal, Fanchen Meng, Zhu Liang, Mark S. Hybertsen, Xiaohui Qu, Eli Stavitski, Shinjae Yoo, Deyu Lu, Matthew R. Carbone
Uncertainty-aware predictions of molecular X-ray absorption spectra using neural network ensembles
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
As machine learning (ML) methods continue to be applied to a broad scope of problems in the physical sciences, uncertainty quantification is becoming correspondingly more important for their robust application. Uncertainty aware machine learning methods have been used in select applications, but largely for scalar properties. In this work, we showcase an exemplary study in which neural network ensembles are used to predict the X-ray absorption spectra of small molecules, as well as their point-wise uncertainty, from local atomic environments. The performance of the resulting surrogate clearly demonstrates quantitative correlation between errors relative to ground truth and the predicted uncertainty estimates. Significantly, the model provides an upper bound on the expected error. Specifically, an important quality of this uncertainty-aware model is that it can indicate when the model is predicting on out-of-sample data. This allows for its integration with large scale sampling of structures together with active learning or other techniques for structure refinement. Additionally, our models can be generalized to larger molecules than those used for training, and also successfully track uncertainty due to random distortions in test molecules. While we demonstrate this workflow on a specific example, ensemble learning is completely general. We believe it could have significant impact on ML-enabled forward modeling of a broad array of molecular and materials properties.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 1 Oct 2022 18:11:26 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Fri, 28 Oct 2022 19:17:51 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Sun, 22 Jan 2023 02:54:31 GMT'}]
2023-01-24
Abdourahman Khaireh-Walieh, Alexandre Arnoult, S\'ebastien Plissard, Peter R. Wiecha
Monitoring MBE substrate deoxidation via RHEED image-sequence analysis by deep learning
Crystal Growth and Design, 23(2) 892-898 (2023)
10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01132
null
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a powerful tool in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), but RHEED images are often difficult to interpret, requiring experienced operators. We present an approach for automated surveillance of GaAs substrate deoxidation in MBE reactors using deep learning based RHEED image-sequence classification. Our approach consists of an non-supervised auto-encoder (AE) for feature extraction, combined with a supervised convolutional classifier network. We demonstrate that our lightweight network model can accurately identify the exact deoxidation moment. Furthermore we show that the approach is very robust and allows accurate deoxidation detection during months without requiring re-training. The main advantage of the approach is that it can be applied to raw RHEED images without requiring further information such as the rotation angle, temperature, etc.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 7 Oct 2022 10:01:06 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 15 Dec 2022 14:14:55 GMT'}]
2023-06-09
Himanshu and Tarak K Patra
When does deep learning fail and how to tackle it? A critical analysis on polymer sequence-property surrogate models
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Deep learning models are gaining popularity and potency in predicting polymer properties. These models can be built using pre-existing data and are useful for the rapid prediction of polymer properties. However, the performance of a deep learning model is intricately connected to its topology and the volume of training data. There is no facile protocol available to select a deep learning architecture, and there is a lack of a large volume of homogeneous sequence-property data of polymers. These two factors are the primary bottleneck for the efficient development of deep learning models. Here we assess the severity of these factors and propose new algorithms to address them. We show that a linear layer-by-layer expansion of a neural network can help in identifying the best neural network topology for a given problem. Moreover, we map the discrete sequence space of a polymer to a continuous one-dimensional latent space using a machine learning pipeline to identify minimal data points for building a universal deep learning model. We implement these approaches for three representative cases of building sequence-property surrogate models, viz., the single-molecule radius of gyration of a copolymer, adhesive free energy of a copolymer, and copolymer compatibilizer, demonstrating the generality of the proposed strategies. This work establishes efficient methods for building universal deep learning models with minimal data and hyperparameters for predicting sequence-defined properties of polymers.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 12 Oct 2022 23:04:10 GMT'}]
2022-10-14
Shuyan Zhang, Jie Gong, Sharon Chu, Daniel Xiao, B. Reeja Jayan, Alan J. H. McGaughey
Pair distribution function analysis for oxide defect identification through feature extraction and supervised learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
Feature extraction and a neural network model are applied to predict the defect types and concentrations in experimental TiO$_2$ samples. A dataset of TiO$_2$ structures with vacancies and interstitials of oxygen and titanium is built and the structures are relaxed using energy minimization. The features of the calculated pair distribution functions (PDFs) of these defected structures are extracted using linear methods (principal component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization) and non-linear methods (autoencoder, convolutional neural network). The extracted features are used as the inputs to a neural network that maps the feature weights to the concentration of each defect type. The performance of this machine learning pipeline is validated by predicting the defect concentrations based on experimentally-measured TiO$_2$ PDFs and comparing the results to brute-force predictions. A physics-based initialization of the autoencoder has the highest accuracy in predicting the defect concentrations. This model incorporates physical interpretability and predictability of material properties, enabling a more efficient material characterization process with scattering data.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 13 Oct 2022 21:34:56 GMT'}]
2022-10-17
Ivan Novikov, Olga Kovalyova, Alexander Shapeev and Max Hodapp
AI-accelerated Materials Informatics Method for the Discovery of Ductile Alloys
Journal of Materials Research (2022)
10.1557/s43578-022-00783-z
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
In computational materials science, a common means for predicting macroscopic (e.g., mechanical) properties of an alloy is to define a model using combinations of descriptors that depend on some material properties (elastic constants, misfit volumes, etc.), representative for the macroscopic behavior. The material properties are usually computed using special quasi-random structures (SQSs), in tandem with density functional theory (DFT). However, DFT scales cubically with the number of atoms and is thus impractical for a screening over many alloy compositions. Here, we present a novel methodology which combines modeling approaches and machine-learning interatomic potentials. Machine-learning interatomic potentials are orders of magnitude faster than DFT, while achieving similar accuracy, allowing for a predictive and tractable high-throughput screening over the whole alloy space. The proposed methodology is illustrated by predicting the room temperature ductility of the medium-entropy alloy Mo-Nb-Ta.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 14 Oct 2022 10:12:24 GMT'}]
2022-10-17
Dongchen Huang, Junde Liu, Tian Qian, and Yi-feng Yang
Spectroscopic data de-noising via training-set-free deep learning method
Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 66, 267011 (2023)
10.1007/s11433-022-2075-x
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG physics.data-an
De-noising plays a crucial role in the post-processing of spectra. Machine learning-based methods show good performance in extracting intrinsic information from noisy data, but often require a high-quality training set that is typically inaccessible in real experimental measurements. Here, using spectra in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as an example, we develop a de-noising method for extracting intrinsic spectral information without the need for a training set. This is possible as our method leverages the self-correlation information of the spectra themselves. It preserves the intrinsic energy band features and thus facilitates further analysis and processing. Moreover, since our method is not limited by specific properties of the training set compared to previous ones, it may well be extended to other fields and application scenarios where obtaining high-quality multidimensional training data is challenging.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 19 Oct 2022 12:04:35 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 15 May 2023 12:07:55 GMT'}]
2023-05-16
Suresh Bishnoi, Skyler Badge, Jayadeva and N. M. Anoop Krishnan
Predicting Oxide Glass Properties with Low Complexity Neural Network and Physical and Chemical Descriptors
null
10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122488
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Due to their disordered structure, glasses present a unique challenge in predicting the composition-property relationships. Recently, several attempts have been made to predict the glass properties using machine learning techniques. However, these techniques have the limitations, namely, (i) predictions are limited to the components that are present in the original dataset, and (ii) predictions towards the extreme values of the properties, important regions for new materials discovery, are not very reliable due to the sparse datapoints in this region. To address these challenges, here we present a low complexity neural network (LCNN) that provides improved performance in predicting the properties of oxide glasses. In addition, we combine the LCNN with physical and chemical descriptors that allow the development of universal models that can provide predictions for components beyond the training set. By training on a large dataset (~50000) of glass components, we show the LCNN outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms such as XGBoost. In addition, we interpret the LCNN models using Shapely additive explanations to gain insights into the role played by the descriptors in governing the property. Finally, we demonstrate the universality of the LCNN models by predicting the properties for glasses with new components that were not present in the original training set. Altogether, the present approach provides a promising direction towards accelerated discovery of novel glass compositions.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 19 Oct 2022 12:23:30 GMT'}]
2023-08-09
Elton Pan, Christopher Karpovich and Elsa Olivetti
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Inverse Inorganic Materials Design
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
A major obstacle to the realization of novel inorganic materials with desirable properties is the inability to perform efficient optimization across both materials properties and synthesis of those materials. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to inverse inorganic materials design, which can identify promising compounds with specified properties and synthesizability constraints. Our model learns chemical guidelines such as charge and electronegativity neutrality while maintaining chemical diversity and uniqueness. We demonstrate a multi-objective RL approach, which can generate novel compounds with targeted materials properties including formation energy and bulk/shear modulus alongside a lower sintering temperature synthesis objectives. Using this approach, the model can predict promising compounds of interest, while suggesting an optimized chemical design space for inorganic materials discovery.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 21 Oct 2022 13:06:19 GMT'}]
2022-10-24
Xiaoxun Gong, He Li, Nianlong Zou, Runzhang Xu, Wenhui Duan, Yong Xu
General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian
Nat. Commun. 14, 2848 (2023)
10.1038/s41467-023-38468-8
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Combination of deep learning and ab initio calculation has shown great promise in revolutionizing future scientific research, but how to design neural network models incorporating a priori knowledge and symmetry requirements is a key challenging subject. Here we propose an E(3)-equivariant deep-learning framework to represent density functional theory (DFT) Hamiltonian as a function of material structure, which can naturally preserve the Euclidean symmetry even in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Our DeepH-E3 method enables very efficient electronic-structure calculation at ab initio accuracy by learning from DFT data of small-sized structures, making routine study of large-scale supercells ($> 10^4$ atoms) feasible. Remarkably, the method can reach sub-meV prediction accuracy at high training efficiency, showing state-of-the-art performance in our experiments. The work is not only of general significance to deep-learning method development, but also creates new opportunities for materials research, such as building Moir\'e-twisted material database.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 25 Oct 2022 12:16:26 GMT'}]
2023-06-12
Santiago Miret, Kin Long Kelvin Lee, Carmelo Gonzales, Marcel Nassar, Matthew Spellings
The Open MatSci ML Toolkit: A Flexible Framework for Machine Learning in Materials Science
Transactions on Machine Learning Research (2023)
null
2835-8856
cs.LG cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI
We present the Open MatSci ML Toolkit: a flexible, self-contained, and scalable Python-based framework to apply deep learning models and methods on scientific data with a specific focus on materials science and the OpenCatalyst Dataset. Our toolkit provides: 1. A scalable machine learning workflow for materials science leveraging PyTorch Lightning, which enables seamless scaling across different computation capabilities (laptop, server, cluster) and hardware platforms (CPU, GPU, XPU). 2. Deep Graph Library (DGL) support for rapid graph neural network prototyping and development. By publishing and sharing this toolkit with the research community via open-source release, we hope to: 1. Lower the entry barrier for new machine learning researchers and practitioners that want to get started with the OpenCatalyst dataset, which presently comprises the largest computational materials science dataset. 2. Enable the scientific community to apply advanced machine learning tools to high-impact scientific challenges, such as modeling of materials behavior for clean energy applications. We demonstrate the capabilities of our framework by enabling three new equivariant neural network models for multiple OpenCatalyst tasks and arrive at promising results for compute scaling and model performance.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 31 Oct 2022 17:11:36 GMT'}]
2023-09-01
Biswadev Roy, A. Karoui, B. Vlahovic, and M.H. Wu
Supervised learning applied to high-dimensional millimeter wave transient absorption data for age prediction of perovskite thin-film
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.data-an
We have analyzed a limited sample set of 120 GHz, and 150 GHz time-resolved millimeter wave (mmW) photoconductive decay (mmPCD) signals of 300 nm thick air-stable encapsulated perovskite film (methyl-ammonium lead halide) excited using a pulsed 532-nm laser with fluence 10.6 micro-Joules per cm-2. We correlated 12 parameters derived directly from acquired mmPCD kinetic-trace data and its step-response, each with the sample-age based on the date of the experiment. Five parameters with a high negative correlation with sample age were finally selected as predictors in the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning model for prediction of the age of the sample. The effects of aging (between 0 and 40,000 hours after film production) are quantified mainly in terms of a shift in peak voltage, the response ratio (conductance parameter), loss-compensated transmission coefficient, and the radiofrequency (RF) area of the transient itself (flux). Changes in the other step-response parameters and the decay length of the aging transients are also shown. The GPR model is found to work well for a forward prediction of the age of the sample using this method. It is noted that the Matern-5 over 2 GPR kernel for supervised learning provides the best realistic solution for age prediction with R squared around 0.97.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 4 Nov 2022 13:15:55 GMT'}]
2022-11-07
Phong C.H. Nguyen, Yen-Thi Nguyen, Pradeep K. Seshadri, Joseph B. Choi, H.S. Udaykumar, and Stephen Baek
A physics-aware deep learning model for energy localization in multiscale shock-to-detonation simulations of heterogeneous energetic materials
Pyrotech. 2023, e202200268
10.1002/prep.202200268
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Predictive simulations of the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) in heterogeneous energetic materials (EM) are vital to the design and control of their energy release and sensitivity. Due to the complexity of the thermo-mechanics of EM during the SDT, both macro-scale response and sub-grid mesoscale energy localization must be captured accurately. This work proposes an efficient and accurate multiscale framework for SDT simulations of EM. We introduce a new approach for SDT simulation by using deep learning to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated EM microstructures. The proposed multiscale modeling framework is divided into two stages. First, a physics-aware recurrent convolutional neural network (PARC) is used to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated heterogeneous EM microstructures. PARC is trained using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of hotspot ignition and growth within microstructures of pressed HMX material subjected to different input shock strengths. After training, PARC is employed to supply hotspot ignition and growth rates for macroscale SDT simulations. We show that PARC can play the role of a surrogate model in a multiscale simulation framework, while drastically reducing the computation cost and providing improved representations of the sub-grid physics. The proposed multiscale modeling approach will provide a new tool for material scientists in designing high-performance and safer energetic materials.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 8 Nov 2022 21:16:00 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Wed, 22 Mar 2023 01:53:41 GMT'}]
2023-05-12
Marios Mattheakis, Gabriel R. Schleder, Daniel T. Larson, Efthimios Kaxiras
First principles physics-informed neural network for quantum wavefunctions and eigenvalue surfaces
null
null
null
cs.LG cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
Physics-informed neural networks have been widely applied to learn general parametric solutions of differential equations. Here, we propose a neural network to discover parametric eigenvalue and eigenfunction surfaces of quantum systems. We apply our method to solve the hydrogen molecular ion. This is an ab-initio deep learning method that solves the Schrodinger equation with the Coulomb potential yielding realistic wavefunctions that include a cusp at the ion positions. The neural solutions are continuous and differentiable functions of the interatomic distance and their derivatives are analytically calculated by applying automatic differentiation. Such a parametric and analytical form of the solutions is useful for further calculations such as the determination of force fields.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 8 Nov 2022 23:22:42 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Sun, 13 Nov 2022 19:42:06 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Sun, 20 Nov 2022 01:41:11 GMT'}]
2022-11-22
Yu-Chuan Hsu, Markus J. Buehler
DyFraNet: Forecasting and Backcasting Dynamic Fracture Mechanics in Space and Time Using a 2D-to-3D Deep Neural Network
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall
The dynamics of materials failure is one of the most critical phenomena in a range of scientific and engineering fields, from healthcare to structural materials to transportation. In this paper we propose a specially designed deep neural network, DyFraNet, which can predict dynamic fracture behaviors by identifying a complete history of fracture propagation - from cracking onset, as a crack grows through the material, modeled as a series of frames evolving over time and dependent on each other. Furthermore, this model can not only forecast future fracture processes but also backcast to elucidate the past fracture history. In this scenario, once provided with the outcome of a fracture event, the model will elucidate past events that led to this state and will predict the future evolution of the failure process. By comparing the predicted results with atomistic-level simulations and theory, we show that DyFraNet can capture dynamic fracture mechanics by accurately predicting how cracks develop over time, including measures such as the crack speed, as well as when cracks become unstable. We use GradCAM to interpret how DyFraNet perceives the relationship between geometric conditions and fracture dynamics and we find DyFraNet pays special attention to the areas around crack tips, which have a critical influence in the early stage of fracture propagation. In later stages, the model pays increased attention to the existing or newly formed damage distribution in the material. The proposed approach offers significant potential to accelerate the exploration of the dynamics in material design against fracture failures and can be beneficially adapted for all kinds of dynamical engineering problems.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 15 Nov 2022 20:19:32 GMT'}]
2022-11-17
Albert Zhu, Simon Batzner, Albert Musaelian, Boris Kozinsky
Fast Uncertainty Estimates in Deep Learning Interatomic Potentials
null
10.1063/5.0136574
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG physics.chem-ph
Deep learning has emerged as a promising paradigm to give access to highly accurate predictions of molecular and materials properties. A common short-coming shared by current approaches, however, is that neural networks only give point estimates of their predictions and do not come with predictive uncertainties associated with these estimates. Existing uncertainty quantification efforts have primarily leveraged the standard deviation of predictions across an ensemble of independently trained neural networks. This incurs a large computational overhead in both training and prediction that often results in order-of-magnitude more expensive predictions. Here, we propose a method to estimate the predictive uncertainty based on a single neural network without the need for an ensemble. This allows us to obtain uncertainty estimates with virtually no additional computational overhead over standard training and inference. We demonstrate that the quality of the uncertainty estimates matches those obtained from deep ensembles. We further examine the uncertainty estimates of our methods and deep ensembles across the configuration space of our test system and compare the uncertainties to the potential energy surface. Finally, we study the efficacy of the method in an active learning setting and find the results to match an ensemble-based strategy at order-of-magnitude reduced computational cost.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 17 Nov 2022 20:13:39 GMT'}]
2023-05-10
Hongyu Yu, Boyu Liu, Yang Zhong, Liangliang Hong, Junyi Ji, Changsong Xu, Xingao Gong, Hongjun Xiang
General time-reversal equivariant neural network potential for magnetic materials
Physical Review B 2024
10.1103/PhysRevB.110.104427
Phys. Rev. B 110,104427
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG physics.comp-ph
This study introduces time-reversal E(3)-equivariant neural network and SpinGNN++ framework for constructing a comprehensive interatomic potential for magnetic systems, encompassing spin-orbit coupling and noncollinear magnetic moments. SpinGNN++ integrates multitask spin equivariant neural network with explicit spin-lattice terms, including Heisenberg, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya, Kitaev, single-ion anisotropy, and biquadratic interactions, and employs time-reversal equivariant neural network to learn high-order spin-lattice interactions using time-reversal E(3)-equivariant convolutions. To validate SpinGNN++, a complex magnetic model dataset is introduced as a benchmark and employed to demonstrate its capabilities. SpinGNN++ provides accurate descriptions of the complex spin-lattice coupling in monolayer CrI$_3$ and CrTe$_2$, achieving sub-meV errors. Importantly, it facilitates large-scale parallel spin-lattice dynamics, thereby enabling the exploration of associated properties, including the magnetic ground state and phase transition. Remarkably, SpinGNN++ identifies a new ferrimagnetic state as the ground magnetic state for monolayer CrTe2, thereby enriching its phase diagram and providing deeper insights into the distinct magnetic signals observed in various experiments.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 21 Nov 2022 12:25:58 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 19 Dec 2022 07:20:51 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Mon, 8 Jan 2024 12:45:12 GMT'}]
2025-03-14
Xiangrui Yang
Leveraging Orbital Information and Atomic Feature in Deep Learning Model
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI cs.LG
Predicting material properties base on micro structure of materials has long been a challenging problem. Recently many deep learning methods have been developed for material property prediction. In this study, we propose a crystal representation learning framework, Orbital CrystalNet, OCrystalNet, which consists of two parts: atomic descriptor generation and graph representation learning. In OCrystalNet, we first incorporate orbital field matrix (OFM) and atomic features to construct OFM-feature atomic descriptor, and then the atomic descriptor is used as atom embedding in the atom-bond message passing module which takes advantage of the topological structure of crystal graphs to learn crystal representation. To demonstrate the capabilities of OCrystalNet we performed a number of prediction tasks on Material Project dataset and JARVIS dataset and compared our model with other baselines and state of art methods. To further present the effectiveness of OCrystalNet, we conducted ablation study and case study of our model. The results show that our model have various advantages over other state of art models.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 29 Oct 2022 06:22:29 GMT'}]
2022-11-22
Roberto Perera, Vinamra Agrawal
A generalized machine learning framework for brittle crack problems using transfer learning and graph neural networks
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Despite their recent success, machine learning (ML) models such as graph neural networks (GNNs), suffer from drawbacks such as the need for large training datasets and poor performance for unseen cases. In this work, we use transfer learning (TL) approaches to circumvent the need for retraining with large datasets. We apply TL to an existing ML framework, trained to predict multiple crack propagation and stress evolution in brittle materials under Mode-I loading. The new framework, ACCelerated Universal fRAcTure Emulator (ACCURATE), is generalized to a variety of crack problems by using a sequence of TL update steps including (i) arbitrary crack lengths, (ii) arbitrary crack orientations, (iii) square domains, (iv) horizontal domains, and (v) shear loadings. We show that using small training datasets of 20 simulations for each TL update step, ACCURATE achieved high prediction accuracy in Mode-I and Mode-II stress intensity factors, and crack paths for these problems. %case studies (i) - (iv). We demonstrate ACCURATE's ability to predict crack growth and stress evolution with high accuracy for unseen cases involving the combination of new boundary dimensions with arbitrary crack lengths and crack orientations in both tensile and shear loading. We also demonstrate significantly accelerated simulation times of up to 2 orders of magnitude faster (200x) compared to an XFEM-based fracture model. The ACCURATE framework provides a universal computational fracture mechanics model that can be easily modified or extended in future work.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 22 Nov 2022 18:16:16 GMT'}]
2022-11-23
Hongyu Yu, Liangliang Hong, Shiyou Chen, Xingao Gong, Hongjun Xiang
Capturing long-range interaction with reciprocal space neural network
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG physics.chem-ph physics.comp-ph
Machine Learning (ML) interatomic models and potentials have been widely employed in simulations of materials. Long-range interactions often dominate in some ionic systems whose dynamics behavior is significantly influenced. However, the long-range effect such as Coulomb and Van der Wales potential is not considered in most ML interatomic potentials. To address this issue, we put forward a method that can take long-range effects into account for most ML local interatomic models with the reciprocal space neural network. The structure information in real space is firstly transformed into reciprocal space and then encoded into a reciprocal space potential or a global descriptor with full atomic interactions. The reciprocal space potential and descriptor keep full invariance of Euclidean symmetry and choice of the cell. Benefiting from the reciprocal-space information, ML interatomic models can be extended to describe the long-range potential including not only Coulomb but any other long-range interaction. A model NaCl system considering Coulomb interaction and the GaxNy system with defects are applied to illustrate the advantage of our approach. At the same time, our approach helps to improve the prediction accuracy of some global properties such as the band gap where the full atomic interaction beyond local atomic environments plays a very important role. In summary, our work has expanded the ability of current ML interatomic models and potentials when dealing with the long-range effect, hence paving a new way for accurate prediction of global properties and large-scale dynamic simulations of systems with defects.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 30 Nov 2022 02:10:48 GMT'}]
2022-12-01
Andrew J. Lew, Kai Jin, Markus J. Buehler
Architected Materials for Mechanical Compression: Design via Simulation, Deep Learning, and Experimentation
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall
Architected materials can achieve enhanced properties compared to their plain counterparts. Specific architecting serves as a powerful design lever to achieve targeted behavior without changing the base material. Thus, the connection between architected structure and resultant properties remains an open field of great interest to many fields, from aerospace to civil to automotive applications. Here, we focus on properties related to mechanical compression, and design hierarchical honeycomb structures to meet specific values of stiffness and compressive stress. To do so, we employ a combination of techniques in a singular workflow, starting with molecular dynamics simulation of the forward design problem, augmenting with data-driven artificial intelligence models to address the inverse design problem, and verifying the behavior of de novo structures with experimentation of additively manufactured samples. We thereby demonstrate an approach for architected design that is generalizable to multiple material properties and agnostic to the identity of the base material.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 5 Dec 2022 22:58:01 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 13 Feb 2023 13:07:25 GMT'}]
2023-02-14
James P. Horwath, Xiao-Min Lin, Hongrui He, Qingteng Zhang, Eric M. Dufresne, Miaoqi Chu, Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, Wei Chen, Suresh Narayanan, Mathew J. Cherukara
Elucidation of Relaxation Dynamics Beyond Equilibrium Through AI-informed X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
Understanding and interpreting dynamics of functional materials \textit{in situ} is a grand challenge in physics and materials science due to the difficulty of experimentally probing materials at varied length and time scales. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is uniquely well-suited for characterizing materials dynamics over wide-ranging time scales, however spatial and temporal heterogeneity in material behavior can make interpretation of experimental XPCS data difficult. In this work we have developed an unsupervised deep learning (DL) framework for automated classification and interpretation of relaxation dynamics from experimental data without requiring any prior physical knowledge of the system behavior. We demonstrate how this method can be used to rapidly explore large datasets to identify samples of interest, and we apply this approach to directly correlate bulk properties of a model system to microscopic dynamics. Importantly, this DL framework is material and process agnostic, marking a concrete step towards autonomous materials discovery.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 7 Dec 2022 22:36:53 GMT'}]
2022-12-14
Luis M. Antunes, Keith T. Butler, Ricardo Grau-Crespo
Predicting Thermoelectric Transport Properties from Composition with Attention-based Deep Learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Thermoelectric materials can be used to construct devices which recycle waste heat into electricity. However, the best known thermoelectrics are based on rare, expensive or even toxic elements, which limits their widespread adoption. To enable deployment on global scales, new classes of effective thermoelectrics are thus required. $\textit{Ab initio}$ models of transport properties can help in the design of new thermoelectrics, but they are still too computationally expensive to be solely relied upon for high-throughput screening in the vast chemical space of all possible candidates. Here, we use models constructed with modern machine learning techniques to scan very large areas of inorganic materials space for novel thermoelectrics, using composition as an input. We employ an attention-based deep learning model, trained on data derived from $\textit{ab initio}$ calculations, to predict a material's Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor over a range of temperatures and $\textit{n}$- or $\textit{p}$-type doping levels, with surprisingly good performance given the simplicity of the input, and with significantly lower computational cost. The results of applying the model to a space of known and hypothetical binary and ternary selenides reveal several materials that may represent promising thermoelectrics. Our study establishes a protocol for composition-based prediction of thermoelectric behaviour that can be easily enhanced as more accurate theoretical or experimental databases become available.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 13 Dec 2022 09:26:24 GMT'}]
2022-12-14
Hyun Park, Ruijie Zhu, E. A. Huerta, Santanu Chaudhuri, Emad Tajkhorshid, Donny Cooper
End-to-end AI framework for interpretable prediction of molecular and crystal properties
Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol. 4 (2023) 025036
10.1088/2632-2153/acd434
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI cs.LG
We introduce an end-to-end computational framework that allows for hyperparameter optimization using the DeepHyper library, accelerated model training, and interpretable AI inference. The framework is based on state-of-the-art AI models including CGCNN, PhysNet, SchNet, MPNN, MPNN-transformer, and TorchMD-NET. We employ these AI models along with the benchmark QM9, hMOF, and MD17 datasets to showcase how the models can predict user-specified material properties within modern computing environments. We demonstrate transferable applications in the modeling of small molecules, inorganic crystals and nanoporous metal organic frameworks with a unified, standalone framework. We have deployed and tested this framework in the ThetaGPU supercomputer at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, and in the Delta supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to provide researchers with modern tools to conduct accelerated AI-driven discovery in leadership-class computing environments. We release these digital assets as open source scientific software in GitLab, and ready-to-use Jupyter notebooks in Google Colab.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 21 Dec 2022 19:27:51 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 14 Aug 2023 22:45:57 GMT'}]
2023-08-16
Ashwini Gupta, Anindya Bhaduri, Lori Graham-Brady
Accelerated multiscale mechanics modeling in a deep learning framework
null
10.1016/j.mechmat.2023.104709
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Microstructural heterogeneity affects the macro-scale behavior of materials. Conversely, load distribution at the macro-scale changes the microstructural response. These up-scaling and down-scaling relations are often modeled using multiscale finite element (FE) approaches such as FE-squared ($FE^2$). However, $FE^2$ requires numerous calculations at the micro-scale, which often renders this approach intractable. This paper reports an enormously faster machine learning (ML) based approach for multiscale mechanics modeling. The proposed ML-driven multiscale analysis approach uses an ML-model that predicts the local stress tensor fields in a linear elastic fiber-reinforced composite microstructure. This ML-model, specifically a U-Net deep convolutional neural network (CNN), is trained separately to perform the mapping between the spatial arrangement of fibers and the corresponding 2D stress tensor fields. This ML-model provides effective elastic material properties for up-scaling and local stress tensor fields for subsequent down-scaling in a multiscale analysis framework. Several numerical examples demonstrate a substantial reduction in computational cost using the proposed ML-driven approach when compared with the traditional multiscale modeling approaches such as full-scale FE analysis, and homogenization based $FE^2$ analysis. This approach has tremendous potential in efficient multiscale analysis of complex heterogeneous materials, with applications in uncertainty quantification, design, and optimization.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 30 Dec 2022 08:57:43 GMT'}]
2023-06-13
Pan Zhang, Cheng Shang, Zhipan Liu, Ji-Hui Yang, Xin-Gao Gong
Origin of performance degradation in high-delithiation Li$_x$CoO$_2$: insights from direct atomic simulations using global neural network potentials
null
null
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Li$_x$CoO$_2$ based batteries have serious capacity degradation and safety issues when cycling at high-delithiation states but full and consistent mechanisms are still poorly understood. Herein, a global neural network potential (GNNP) is developed to provide direct theoretical understandings by performing long-time and large-size atomic simulations. We propose a self-consistent picture as follows: (i) CoO$_2$ layers are easier to glide with longer distances at more highly delithiated states, resulting in structural transitions and structural inhomogeneity; (ii) at regions between different phases with different Li distributions due to gliding, local strains are induced and accumulate during cycling processes; (3) accumulated strains cause the rupture of Li diffusion channels and result in formation of oxygen dimers during cycling especially when Li has inhomogeneous distributions, leading to capacity degradations and safety issues. We find that large tensile strains combined with inhomogeneous distributions of Li ions play critical roles in the formation processes of blocked Li diffusion channels and the oxygen dimers at high-delithiation states, which could be the fundamental origins of capacity degradations and safety issues. Correspondingly, suppressing accumulations of strains by controlling charge and discharge conditions as well as suppressing the gliding will be helpful for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 30 Dec 2022 12:59:02 GMT'}]
2023-01-02
Armand Barbot, Riccardo Gatti
Unsupervised learning for structure detection in plastically deformed crystals
Computational Materials Science, 2023, 230, pp.112459
10.1016/j.commatsci.2023.112459
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Detecting structures at the particle scale within plastically deformed crystalline materials allows a better understanding of the occurring phenomena. While previous approaches mostly relied on applying hand-chosen criteria on different local parameters, these approaches could only detect already known structures.We introduce an unsupervised learning algorithm to automatically detect structures within a crystal under plastic deformation. This approach is based on a study developed for structural detection on colloidal materials. This algorithm has the advantage of being computationally fast and easy to implement. We show that by using local parameters based on bond-angle distributions, we are able to detect more structures and with a higher degree of precision than traditional hand-made criteria.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 22 Dec 2022 14:17:32 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Tue, 14 May 2024 07:12:35 GMT'}]
2024-05-15
M. Pietrow, A. Miaskowski
Artificial neural network as an effective tool to calculate parameters of positron annihilation lifetime spectra
J. Appl. Phys. 134, 114902 (2023)
10.1063/5.0155987
null
physics.atom-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph physics.data-an
The paper presents the application of the multi-layer perceptron regressor model for predicting the parameters of positron annihilation lifetime spectra using the example of alkanes in the solid phase. A good agreement of calculation results was found when comparing with the commonly used methods. The presented method can be used as an alternative quick and accurate tool for decomposition of PALS spectra in general. The advantages and disadvantages of the new method are discussed.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 4 Jan 2023 10:18:58 GMT'}]
2023-09-20
Fatemeh Hafezianzade, Morad Biagooi, SeyedEhsan Nedaaee Oskoee
Physics informed neural network for charged particles surrounded by conductive boundaries
null
null
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci math-ph math.MP
In this paper, we developed a new PINN-based model to predict the potential of point-charged particles surrounded by conductive walls. As a result of the proposed physics-informed neural network model, the mean square error and R2 score are less than 7% and more than 90% for the corresponding example simulation, respectively. Results have been compared with typical neural networks and random forest as a standard machine learning algorithm. The R2 score of the random forest model was 70%, and a standard neural network could not be trained well. Besides, computing time is significantly reduced compared to the finite element solver.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 5 Jan 2023 17:52:36 GMT'}]
2023-01-06
Saugat Kandel, Tao Zhou, Anakha V Babu, Zichao Di, Xinxin Li, Xuedan Ma, Martin Holt, Antonino Miceli, Charudatta Phatak, and Mathew Cherukara
Demonstration of an AI-driven workflow for autonomous high-resolution scanning microscopy
null
null
null
physics.app-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.ins-det
With the continuing advances in scientific instrumentation, scanning microscopes are now able to image physical systems with up to sub-atomic-level spatial resolutions and sub-picosecond time resolutions. Commensurately, they are generating ever-increasing volumes of data, storing and analysis of which is becoming an increasingly difficult prospect. One approach to address this challenge is through self-driving experimentation techniques that can actively analyze the data being collected and use this information to make on-the-fly measurement choices, such that the data collected is sparse but representative of the sample and sufficiently informative. Here, we report the Fast Autonomous Scanning Toolkit (FAST) that combines a trained neural network, a route optimization technique, and efficient hardware control methods to enable a self-driving scanning microscopy experiment. The key features of our method are that: it does not require any prior information about the sample, it has a very low computational cost, and that it uses generic hardware controls with minimal experiment-specific wrapping. We test this toolkit in numerical experiments and a scanning dark-field x-ray microscopy experiment of a $WSe_2$ thin film, where our experiments show that a FAST scan of <25% of the sample is sufficient to produce both a high-fidelity image and a quantitative analysis of the surface distortions in the sample. We show that FAST can autonomously identify all features of interest in the sample while significantly reducing the scan time, the volume of data acquired, and dose on the sample. The FAST toolkit is easy to apply for any scanning microscopy modalities and we anticipate adoption of this technique will empower broader multi-level studies of the evolution of physical phenomena with respect to time, temperature, or other experimental parameters.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 12 Jan 2023 20:40:43 GMT'}]
2023-01-16
Rongzhi Dong, Yuqi Song, Edirisuriya M. D. Siriwardane, Jianjun Hu
Discovery of 2D materials using Transformer Network based Generative Design
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have wide applications in superconductors, quantum, and topological materials. However, their rational design is not well established, and currently less than 6,000 experimentally synthesized 2D materials have been reported. Recently, deep learning, data-mining, and density functional theory (DFT)-based high-throughput calculations are widely performed to discover potential new materials for diverse applications. Here we propose a generative material design pipeline, namely material transformer generator(MTG), for large-scale discovery of hypothetical 2D materials. We train two 2D materials composition generators using self-learning neural language models based on Transformers with and without transfer learning. The models are then used to generate a large number of candidate 2D compositions, which are fed to known 2D materials templates for crystal structure prediction. Next, we performed DFT computations to study their thermodynamic stability based on energy-above-hull and formation energy. We report four new DFT-verified stable 2D materials with zero e-above-hull energies, including NiCl$_4$, IrSBr, CuBr$_3$, and CoBrCl. Our work thus demonstrates the potential of our MTG generative materials design pipeline in the discovery of novel 2D materials and other functional materials.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 14 Jan 2023 05:59:38 GMT'}]
2023-01-18
Xiongzhi Zeng, Yi Fan, Jie Liu, Zhenyu Li, Jinlong Yang
Quantum Neural Network Inspired Hardware Adaptable Ansatz for Efficient Quantum Simulation of Chemical Systems
null
null
null
quant-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph
The variational quantum eigensolver is a promising way to solve the Schr\"odinger equation on a noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computer, while its success relies on a well-designed wavefunction ansatz. Compared to physically motivated ansatzes, hardware heuristic ansatzes usually lead to a shallower circuit, but it may still be too deep for an NISQ device. Inspired by the quantum neural network, we propose a new hardware heuristic ansatz where the circuit depth can be significantly reduced by introducing ancilla qubits, which makes a practical simulation of a chemical reaction with more than 20 atoms feasible on a currently available quantum computer. More importantly, the expressibility of this new ansatz can be improved by increasing either the depth or the width of the circuit, which makes it adaptable to different hardware environments. These results open a new avenue to develop practical applications of quantum computation in the NISQ era.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 18 Jan 2023 14:00:26 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 19 Jan 2023 11:42:14 GMT'}]
2023-01-20
Francesco Guidarelli Mattioli, Francesco Sciortino, John Russo
A neural network potential with self-trained atomic fingerprints: a test with the mW water potential
null
10.1063/5.0139245
null
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci
We present a neural network (NN) potential based on a new set of atomic fingerprints built upon two- and three-body contributions that probe distances and local orientational order respectively. Compared to existing NN potentials, the atomic fingerprints depend on a small set of tuneable parameters which are trained together with the neural network weights. To tackle the simultaneous training of the atomic fingerprint parameters and neural network weights we adopt an annealing protocol that progressively cycles the learning rate, significantly improving the accuracy of the NN potential. We test the performance of the network potential against the mW model of water, which is a classical three-body potential that well captures the anomalies of the liquid phase. Trained on just three state points, the NN potential is able to reproduce the mW model in a very wide range of densities and temperatures, from negative pressures to several GPa, capturing the transition from an open random tetrahedral network to a dense interpenetrated network. The NN potential also reproduces very well properties for which it was not explicitly trained, such as dynamical properties and the structure of the stable crystalline phases of mW.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 27 Jan 2023 09:28:08 GMT'}]
2023-03-22
Soumya Sanyal, Arun Kumar Sagotra, Narendra Kumar, Sharad Rathi, Mohana Krishna, Nagesh Somayajula, Duraivelan Palanisamy, Ram R. Ratnakar, Suchismita Sanyal, Partha Talukdar, Umesh Waghmare and Janakiraman Balachandran
Potential energy surface prediction of Alumina polymorphs using graph neural network
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
The process of design and discovery of new materials can be significantly expedited and simplified if we can learn effectively from available data. Deep learning (DL) approaches have recently received a lot of interest for their ability to speed up the design of novel materials by predicting material properties with precision close to experiments and ab-initio calculations. The application of deep learning to predict materials properties measured by experiments are valuable yet challenging due to the limited amount of experimental data. Most of the existing approaches to predict properties from computational data have also been directed towards specific material properties. In this work, we extend this approach, by proposing Landscape Crystal Graph Convolution Network(LCGCN), an accurate and transferable deep learning framework based on graph convolutional networks. LCGCN directly learns the potential energy surface (PES) from atomic configurations. This approach can enable transferable models that can predict different material properties. We apply this framework to bulk crystals (i.e. Al2O3), and test it by calculating potential energy surfaces at different temperatures and across different phases of crystal.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 28 Jan 2023 02:27:47 GMT'}]
2023-01-31
Bulat N. Galimzyanov, Maria A. Doronina, Anatolii V. Mokshin
Arrhenius Crossover Temperature of Glass-Forming Liquids Predicted by an Artificial Neural Network
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1127
10.3390/ma16031127
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
The Arrhenius crossover temperature, $T_{A}$, corresponds to a thermodynamic state wherein the atomistic dynamics of a liquid becomes heterogeneous and cooperative; and the activation barrier of diffusion dynamics becomes temperature-dependent at temperatures below $T_{A}$. The theoretical estimation of this temperature is difficult for some types of materials, especially silicates and borates. In these materials, self-diffusion as a function of the temperature $T$ is reproduced by the Arrhenius law, where the activation barrier practically independent on the temperature $T$. The purpose of the present work was to establish the relationship between the Arrhenius crossover temperature $T_{A}$ and the physical properties of liquids directly related to their glass-forming ability. Using a machine learning model, the crossover temperature $T_{A}$ was calculated for silicates, borates, organic compounds and metal melts of various compositions. The empirical values of the glass transition temperature $T_{g}$, the melting temperature $T_{m}$, the ratio of these temperatures $T_{g}/T_{m}$ and the fragility index $m$ were applied as input parameters. It has been established that the temperatures $T_{g}$ and $T_{m}$ are significant parameters, whereas their ratio $T_{g}/T_{m}$ and the fragility index $m$ do not correlate much with the temperature $T_{A}$. An important result of the present work is the analytical equation relating the temperatures $T_{g}$, $T_{m}$ and $T_{A}$, and that, from the algebraic point of view, is the equation for a second-order curved surface. It was shown that this equation allows one to correctly estimate the temperature $T_{A}$ for a large class of materials, regardless of their compositions and glass-forming abilities.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sat, 28 Jan 2023 18:11:55 GMT'}]
2023-01-31
Fabrice Roncoroni, Ana Sanz-Matias, Siddharth Sundararaman, David Prendergast
Unsupervised learning of representative local atomic arrangements in molecular dynamics data
null
10.1039/D3CP00525A
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph physics.comp-ph
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations present a data-mining challenge, given that they can generate a considerable amount of data but often rely on limited or biased human interpretation to examine their information content. By not asking the right questions of MD data we may miss critical information hidden within it. We combine dimensionality reduction (UMAP) and unsupervised hierarchical clustering (HDBSCAN) to quantitatively characterize the coordination environment of chemical species within MD data. By focusing on local coordination, we significantly reduce the amount of data to be analyzed by extracting all distinct molecular formulas within a given coordination sphere. We then efficiently combine UMAP and HDBSCAN with alignment or shape-matching algorithms to classify these formulas into distinct structural isomer families. The outcome is a quantitative mapping of the multiple coordination environments present in the MD data. The method was employed to reveal details of cation coordination in electrolytes based on molecular liquids.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 2 Feb 2023 23:37:19 GMT'}]
2023-05-09
Chuannan Li, Hanpu Liang, Xie Zhang, Zijing Lin, Su-Huai Wei
Graph deep learning accelerated efficient crystal structure search and feature extraction
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Structural search and feature extraction are a central subject in modern materials design, the efficiency of which is currently limited, but can be potentially boosted by machine learning (ML). Here, we develop an ML-based prediction-analysis framework, which includes a symmetry-based combinatorial crystal optimization program (SCCOP) and a feature additive attribution model, to significantly reduce computational costs and to extract property-related structural features. Our method is highly accurate and predictive, and extracts structural features from desired structures to guide materials design. As a case study, we apply our new approach to a two-dimensional B-C-N system, which identifies 28 previously undiscovered stable structures out of 82 compositions; our analysis further establishes the structural features that contribute most to energy and bandgap. Compared to conventional approaches, SCCOP is about 10 times faster while maintaining a comparable accuracy. Our new framework is generally applicable to all types of systems for precise and efficient structural search, providing new insights into the relationship between ML-extracted structural features and physical properties.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 7 Feb 2023 09:14:52 GMT'}]
2023-02-08
Brenden W. Hamilton, Pilsun Yoo, Michael N. Sakano, Md Mahbubul Islam, Alejandro Strachan
High Pressure and Temperature Neural Network Reactive Force Field for Energetic Materials
null
10.1063/5.0146055
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph
Reactive force fields for molecular dynamics have enabled a wide range of studies in numerous material classes. These force fields are computationally inexpensive as compared to electronic structure calculations and allow for simulations of millions of atoms. However, the accuracy of traditional force fields is limited by their functional forms, preventing continual refinement and improvement. Therefore, we develop a neural network based reactive interatomic potential for the prediction of the mechanical, thermal, and chemical response of energetic materials at extreme conditions for energetic materials. The training set is expanded in an automatic iterative approach and consists of various CHNO materials and their reactions under ambient and under shock loading conditions. This new potential shows improved accuracy over the current state of the art force fields for a wide range of properties such as detonation performance, decomposition product formation, and vibrational spectra under ambient and shock loading conditions.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 9 Feb 2023 19:26:33 GMT'}]
2023-04-26
Zechen Tang, He Li, Peize Lin, Xiaoxun Gong, Gan Jin, Lixin He, Hong Jiang, Xinguo Ren, Wenhui Duan, Yong Xu
Efficient hybrid density functional calculation by deep learning
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
Hybrid density functional calculation is indispensable to accurate description of electronic structure, whereas the formidable computational cost restricts its broad application. Here we develop a deep equivariant neural network method (named DeepH-hybrid) to learn the hybrid-functional Hamiltonian from self-consistent field calculations of small structures, and apply the trained neural networks for efficient electronic-structure calculation by passing the self-consistent iterations. The method is systematically checked to show high efficiency and accuracy, making the study of large-scale materials with hybrid-functional accuracy feasible. As an important application, the DeepH-hybrid method is applied to study large-supercell Moir\'{e} twisted materials, offering the first case study on how the inclusion of exact exchange affects flat bands in the magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 16 Feb 2023 11:08:35 GMT'}]
2023-02-17
Sayani Majumdar and Ioannis Zeimpekis
Back-end and Flexible Substrate Compatible Analog Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors for Accurate Online Training in Deep Neural Network Accelerators
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.app-ph
Online training of deep neural networks (DNN) can be significantly accelerated by performing in-situ vector matrix multiplication in a crossbar array of analog memories. However, training accuracies often suffer due to device non-idealities such as nonlinearity, asymmetry, limited bit precision and dynamic weight update range within constrained power budget. Here, we report a three-terminal Ferroelectric-Field-Effect-Transistor based on low thermal budget processes that can work efficiently as an analog synaptic transistor. Ferroelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) as the gate insulator and 2D semiconductor MoS2 as the n-type semiconducting channel material makes them suitable for flexible and wearable substrate integration. The analog conductance of the FeFETs can be precisely manipulated by employing a ferroelectric-dielectric layer as the gate stack. The ferroelectric-only devices show excellent performance as digital non-volatile memory operating at +-5V while the hybrid ferroelectric-dielectric devices show quasi-continuous resistive switching resulting from gradual ferroelectric domain rotation, important for their multibit operation. Analog conductance states of the hybrid devices allow linearity and symmetry of weight updates and produce a dynamic conductance range of 104 with >16 reproducible conducting states. Network training experiments of these FeFETs show >96% classification accuracy with MNIST handwritten datasets highlighting their potential for implementation in scaled DNN architectures.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 23 Feb 2023 13:45:14 GMT'}]
2023-02-24
Matthew Helmi Leth Larsen (1), William Bang Lomholdt (2), Cuauhtemoc Nu\~nez Valencia (1), Thomas W. Hansen (2), Jakob Schi{\o}tz (1) ((1) Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark, (2) National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization Technical University of Denmark)
Quantifying Noise Limitations of Neural Network Segmentations in High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
Ultramicroscopy 253, (2023) 113803
10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113803
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Motivated by the need for low electron dose transmission electron microscopy imaging, we report the optimal frame dose (i.e. $e^-/A^{2}$) range for object detection and segmentation tasks with neural networks. The MSD-net architecture shows promising abilities over the industry standard U-net architecture in generalising to frame doses below the range included in the training set, for both simulated and experimental images. It also presents a heightened ability to learn from lower dose images. The MSD-net displays mild visibility of a Au nanoparticle at 20-30 $e^-/A^{2}$, and converges at 200 $e^-/A^{2}$ where a full segmentation of the nanoparticle is achieved. Between 30 and 200 $e^-/A^{2}$ object detection applications are still possible. This work also highlights the importance of modelling the modulation transfer function when training with simulated images for applications on images acquired with scintillator based detectors such as the Gatan Oneview camera. A parametric form of the modulation transfer function is applied with varying ranges of parameters, and the effects on low electron dose segmentation is presented.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 24 Feb 2023 13:46:05 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 8 Jun 2023 14:32:24 GMT'}]
2023-09-26
Bowen Deng, Peichen Zhong, KyuJung Jun, Janosh Riebesell, Kevin Han, Christopher J. Bartel, Gerbrand Ceder
CHGNet: Pretrained universal neural network potential for charge-informed atomistic modeling
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
The simulation of large-scale systems with complex electron interactions remains one of the greatest challenges for the atomistic modeling of materials. Although classical force fields often fail to describe the coupling between electronic states and ionic rearrangements, the more accurate \textit{ab-initio} molecular dynamics suffers from computational complexity that prevents long-time and large-scale simulations, which are essential to study many technologically relevant phenomena, such as reactions, ion migrations, phase transformations, and degradation. In this work, we present the Crystal Hamiltonian Graph neural Network (CHGNet) as a novel machine-learning interatomic potential (MLIP), using a graph-neural-network-based force field to model a universal potential energy surface. CHGNet is pretrained on the energies, forces, stresses, and magnetic moments from the Materials Project Trajectory Dataset, which consists of over 10 years of density functional theory static and relaxation trajectories of $\sim 1.5$ million inorganic structures. The explicit inclusion of magnetic moments enables CHGNet to learn and accurately represent the orbital occupancy of electrons, enhancing its capability to describe both atomic and electronic degrees of freedom. We demonstrate several applications of CHGNet in solid-state materials, including charge-informed molecular dynamics in Li$_x$MnO$_2$, the finite temperature phase diagram for Li$_x$FePO$_4$ and Li diffusion in garnet conductors. We critically analyze the significance of including charge information for capturing appropriate chemistry, and we provide new insights into ionic systems with additional electronic degrees of freedom that can not be observed by previous MLIPs.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 28 Feb 2023 01:30:06 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Tue, 20 Jun 2023 21:27:36 GMT'}]
2023-06-22
Qichen Xu, I. P. Miranda, Manuel Pereiro, Filipp N. Rybakov, Danny Thonig, Erik Sj\"oqvist, Pavel Bessarab, Anders Bergman, Olle Eriksson, Pawel Herman, Anna Delin
Metaheuristic conditional neural network for harvesting skyrmionic metastable states
null
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043199
null
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI cs.LG
We present a metaheuristic conditional neural-network-based method aimed at identifying physically interesting metastable states in a potential energy surface of high rugosity. To demonstrate how this method works, we identify and analyze spin textures with topological charge $Q$ ranging from 1 to $-13$ (where antiskyrmions have $Q<0$) in the Pd/Fe/Ir(111) system, which we model using a classical atomistic spin Hamiltonian based on parameters computed from density functional theory. To facilitate the harvest of relevant spin textures, we make use of the newly developed Segment Anything Model (SAM). Spin textures with $Q$ ranging from $-3$ to $-6$ are further analyzed using finite-temperature spin-dynamics simulations. We observe that for temperatures up to around 20\,K, lifetimes longer than 200\,ps are predicted, and that when these textures decay, new topological spin textures are formed. We also find that the relative stability of the spin textures depend linearly on the topological charge, but only when comparing the most stable antiskyrmions for each topological charge. In general, the number of holes (i.e., non-self-intersecting curves that define closed domain walls in the structure) in the spin texture is an important predictor of stability -- the more holes, the less stable is the texture. Methods for systematic identification and characterization of complex metastable skyrmionic textures -- such as the one demonstrated here -- are highly relevant for advancements in the field of topological spintronics.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 6 Mar 2023 04:04:19 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 29 May 2023 14:13:15 GMT'}]
2023-12-05
Noah Hoffmann (1), Jonathan Schmidt (2,1), Silvana Botti (2), Miguel A. L. Marques (1) ((1) Institut f\"ur Physik, Martin-Luther-Universit\"at Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany, (2) Institut f\"ur Festk\"orpertheorie und -optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\"at Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany)
Transfer learning on large datasets for the accurate prediction of material properties
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn
Graph neural networks trained on large crystal structure databases are extremely effective in replacing ab initio calculations in the discovery and characterization of materials. However, crystal structure datasets comprising millions of materials exist only for the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of transfer learning to extend these models to other density functionals. We show that pre-training significantly reduces the size of the dataset required to achieve chemical accuracy and beyond. We also analyze in detail the relationship between the transfer-learning performance and the size of the datasets used for the initial training of the model and transfer learning. We confirm a linear dependence of the error on the size of the datasets on a log-log scale, with a similar slope for both training and the pre-training datasets. This shows that further increasing the size of the pre-training dataset, i.e. performing additional calculations with a low-cost functional, is also effective, through transfer learning, in improving machine-learning predictions with the quality of a more accurate, and possibly computationally more involved functional. Lastly, we compare the efficacy of interproperty and intraproperty transfer learning.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 6 Mar 2023 09:56:06 GMT'}]
2023-03-07
Namkyeong Lee, Heewoong Noh, Sungwon Kim, Dongmin Hyun, Gyoung S. Na, Chanyoung Park
Predicting Density of States via Multi-modal Transformer
null
null
null
cs.LG cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
The density of states (DOS) is a spectral property of materials, which provides fundamental insights on various characteristics of materials. In this paper, we propose a model to predict the DOS by reflecting the nature of DOS: DOS determines the general distribution of states as a function of energy. Specifically, we integrate the heterogeneous information obtained from the crystal structure and the energies via multi-modal transformer, thereby modeling the complex relationships between the atoms in the crystal structure, and various energy levels. Extensive experiments on two types of DOS, i.e., Phonon DOS and Electron DOS, with various real-world scenarios demonstrate the superiority of DOSTransformer. The source code for DOSTransformer is available at https://github.com/HeewoongNoh/DOSTransformer.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 13 Mar 2023 10:57:35 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Mon, 10 Apr 2023 04:16:58 GMT'}]
2023-04-11
Michael Kilgour, Jutta Rogal, Mark Tuckerman
Geometric Deep Learning for Molecular Crystal Structure Prediction
null
10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00031
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG physics.chem-ph physics.comp-ph
We develop and test new machine learning strategies for accelerating molecular crystal structure ranking and crystal property prediction using tools from geometric deep learning on molecular graphs. Leveraging developments in graph-based learning and the availability of large molecular crystal datasets, we train models for density prediction and stability ranking which are accurate, fast to evaluate, and applicable to molecules of widely varying size and composition. Our density prediction model, MolXtalNet-D, achieves state of the art performance, with lower than 2% mean absolute error on a large and diverse test dataset. Our crystal ranking tool, MolXtalNet-S, correctly discriminates experimental samples from synthetically generated fakes and is further validated through analysis of the submissions to the Cambridge Structural Database Blind Tests 5 and 6. Our new tools are computationally cheap and flexible enough to be deployed within an existing crystal structure prediction pipeline both to reduce the search space and score/filter crystal candidates.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 17 Mar 2023 17:27:47 GMT'}]
2024-07-29
Vadim Korolev and Pavel Protsenko
Toward Accurate Interpretable Predictions of Materials Properties within Transformer Language Models
null
10.1016/j.patter.2023.100803
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph
Property prediction accuracy has long been a key parameter of machine learning in materials informatics. Accordingly, advanced models showing state-of-the-art performance turn into highly parameterized black boxes missing interpretability. Here, we present an elegant way to make their reasoning transparent. Human-readable text-based descriptions automatically generated within a suite of open-source tools are proposed as materials representation. Transformer language models pretrained on 2 million peer-reviewed articles take as input well-known terms, e.g., chemical composition, crystal symmetry, and site geometry. Our approach outperforms crystal graph networks by classifying four out of five analyzed properties if one considers all available reference data. Moreover, fine-tuned text-based models show high accuracy in the ultra-small data limit. Explanations of their internal machinery are produced using local interpretability techniques and are faithful and consistent with domain expert rationales. This language-centric framework makes accurate property predictions accessible to people without artificial-intelligence expertise.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 21 Mar 2023 20:33:12 GMT'}]
2023-08-03
Daniel R. Cassar
GlassNet: a multitask deep neural network for predicting many glass properties
Ceramics International 49 (2023) 36013-36024
10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.281
null
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
A multitask deep neural network model was trained on more than 218k different glass compositions. This model, called GlassNet, can predict 85 different properties (such as optical, electrical, dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties, as well as density, viscosity/relaxation, crystallization, surface tension, and liquidus temperature) of glasses and glass-forming liquids of different chemistries (such as oxides, chalcogenides, halides, and others). The model and the data used to train it are available in the GlassPy Python module as free and open source software for the community to use and build upon. As a proof of concept, GlassNet was used with the MYEGA viscosity equation to predict the temperature dependence of viscosity and outperformed another general purpose viscosity model available in the literature (ViscNet) on unseen data. An explainable AI algorithm (SHAP) was used to extract knowledge correlating the input (physicochemical information) and output (glass properties) of the model, providing valuable insights for glass manufacturing and design. It is hoped that GlassNet, with its free and open source nature, can be used to enable faster and better computer-aided design of new technological glasses.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 27 Mar 2023 18:36:41 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Fri, 25 Aug 2023 18:20:44 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Mon, 20 Nov 2023 18:55:16 GMT'}]
2023-11-21
Shun Muroga, Yasuaki Miki, and Kenji Hata
A Comprehensive and Versatile Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Predicting Diverse Properties of Advanced Materials
Adv. Sci.,10, 24, 2302508 (2023)
10.1002/advs.202302508
null
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI cs.LG
We present a multimodal deep learning (MDL) framework for predicting physical properties of a 10-dimensional acrylic polymer composite material by merging physical attributes and chemical data. Our MDL model comprises four modules, including three generative deep learning models for material structure characterization and a fourth model for property prediction. Our approach handles an 18-dimensional complexity, with 10 compositional inputs and 8 property outputs, successfully predicting 913,680 property data points across 114,210 composition conditions. This level of complexity is unprecedented in computational materials science, particularly for materials with undefined structures. We propose a framework to analyze the high-dimensional information space for inverse material design, demonstrating flexibility and adaptability to various materials and scales, provided sufficient data is available. This study advances future research on different materials and the development of more sophisticated models, drawing us closer to the ultimate goal of predicting all properties of all materials.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 29 Mar 2023 02:42:17 GMT'}]
2023-11-28
Qing-Jie Li, Mahmut Nedim Cinbiz, Yin Zhang, Qi He, Geoffrey Beausoleil II, Ju Li
Robust Deep Learning Framework for Constitutive-Relation Modeling
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Modeling the full-range deformation behaviors of materials under complex loading and materials conditions is a significant challenge for constitutive relations (CRs) modeling. We propose a general encoder-decoder deep learning framework that can model high-dimensional stress-strain data and complex loading histories with robustness and universal capability. The framework employs an encoder to project high-dimensional input information (e.g., loading history, loading conditions, and materials information) to a lower-dimensional hidden space and a decoder to map the hidden representation to the stress of interest. We evaluated various encoder architectures, including gated recurrent unit (GRU), GRU with attention, temporal convolutional network (TCN), and the Transformer encoder, on two complex stress-strain datasets that were designed to include a wide range of complex loading histories and loading conditions. All architectures achieved excellent test results with an RMSE below 1 MPa. Additionally, we analyzed the capability of the different architectures to make predictions on out-of-domain applications, with an uncertainty estimation based on deep ensembles. The proposed approach provides a robust alternative to empirical/semi-empirical models for CRs modeling, offering the potential for more accurate and efficient materials design and optimization.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Sun, 2 Apr 2023 20:13:25 GMT'}]
2023-04-04
Sergei V. Kalinin, Debangshu Mukherjee, Kevin M. Roccapriore, Ben Blaiszik, Ayana Ghosh, Maxim A. Ziatdinov, A. Al-Najjar, Christina Doty, Sarah Akers, Nageswara S. Rao, Joshua C. Agar, Steven R. Spurgeon
Deep Learning for Automated Experimentation in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
null
10.1038/s41524-023-01142-0
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Machine learning (ML) has become critical for post-acquisition data analysis in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, (S)TEM, imaging and spectroscopy. An emerging trend is the transition to real-time analysis and closed-loop microscope operation. The effective use of ML in electron microscopy now requires the development of strategies for microscopy-centered experiment workflow design and optimization. Here, we discuss the associated challenges with the transition to active ML, including sequential data analysis and out-of-distribution drift effects, the requirements for the edge operation, local and cloud data storage, and theory in the loop operations. Specifically, we discuss the relative contributions of human scientists and ML agents in the ideation, orchestration, and execution of experimental workflows and the need to develop universal hyper languages that can apply across multiple platforms. These considerations will collectively inform the operationalization of ML in next-generation experimentation.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 4 Apr 2023 18:01:56 GMT'}]
2023-11-10
Bin Xing, Timothy J. Rupert, Xiaoqing Pan, Penghui Cao
Neural Network Kinetics for Exploring Diffusion Multiplicity and Chemical Ordering in Compositionally Complex Materials
Nat Commun 15, 3879 (2024)
10.1038/s41467-024-47927-9
null
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Diffusion involving atom transport from one location to another governs many important processes and behaviors such as precipitation and phase nucleation. Local chemical complexity in compositionally complex alloys poses challenges for modeling atomic diffusion and the resulting formation of chemically ordered structures. Here, we introduce a neural network kinetics (NNK) scheme that predicts and simulates diffusion-induced chemical and structural evolution in complex concentrated chemical environments. The framework is grounded on efficient on-lattice structure and chemistry representation combined with neural networks, enabling precise prediction of all path-dependent migration barriers and individual atom jumps. Using this method, we study the temperature-dependent local chemical ordering in a refractory Nb-Mo-Ta alloy and reveal a critical temperature at which the B2 order reaches a maximum. Our atomic jump randomness map exhibits the highest diffusion heterogeneity (multiplicity) in the vicinity of this characteristic temperature, which is closely related to chemical ordering and B2 structure formation. The scalable NNK framework provides a promising new avenue to exploring diffusion-related properties in the vast compositional space within which extraordinary properties are hidden.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Thu, 6 Apr 2023 09:35:31 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Sat, 6 Apr 2024 22:02:02 GMT'}]
2024-05-10
Peichen Zhong, Bowen Deng, Tanjin He, Zhengyan Lun, Gerbrand Ceder
Deep learning of experimental electrochemistry for battery cathodes across diverse compositions
null
10.1016/j.joule.2024.03.010
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a tool for discovering and optimizing novel battery materials. However, the adoption of AI in battery cathode representation and discovery is still limited due to the complexity of optimizing multiple performance properties and the scarcity of high-fidelity data. In this study, we present a machine-learning model (DRXNet) for battery informatics and demonstrate the application in the discovery and optimization of disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathode materials. We have compiled the electrochemistry data of DRX cathodes over the past five years, resulting in a dataset of more than 19,000 discharge voltage profiles on diverse chemistries spanning 14 different metal species. Learning from this extensive dataset, our DRXNet model can automatically capture critical features in the cycling curves of DRX cathodes under various conditions. Illustratively, the model gives rational predictions of the discharge capacity for diverse compositions in the Li--Mn--O--F chemical space as well as for high-entropy systems. As a universal model trained on diverse chemistries, our approach offers a data-driven solution to facilitate the rapid identification of novel cathode materials, accelerating the development of next-generation batteries for carbon neutralization.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 11 Apr 2023 05:09:48 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Thu, 21 Sep 2023 07:01:47 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Tue, 2 Apr 2024 21:08:37 GMT'}]
2024-05-14
Teng Yang, Zefeng Cai, Zhengtao Huang, Wenlong Tang, Ruosong Shi, Andy Godfrey, Hanxing Liu, Yuanhua Lin, Ce-Wen Nan, Meng Ye, LinFeng Zhang, Han Wang, Ben Xu
Deep Learning Illuminates Spin and Lattice Interaction in Magnetic Materials
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Atomistic simulations hold significant value in clarifying crucial phenomena such as phase transitions and energy transport in materials science. Their success stems from the presence of potential energy functions capable of accurately depicting the relationship between system energy and lattice changes. In magnetic materials, two atomic scale degrees of freedom come into play: the lattice and the spin. However, accurately tracing the simultaneous evolution of both lattice and spin in magnetic materials at an atomic scale is a substantial challenge. This is largely due to the complexity involved in depicting the interaction energy precisely, and its influence on lattice and spin-driving forces, such as atomic force and magnetic torque, which continues to be a daunting task in computational science. Addressing this deficit, we present DeepSPIN, a versatile approach that generates high-precision predictive models of energy, atomic forces, and magnetic torque in magnetic systems. This is achieved by integrating first-principles calculations of magnetic excited states with deep learning techniques via active learning. We thoroughly explore the methodology, accuracy, and scalability of our proposed model in this paper. Our technique adeptly connects first-principles computations and atomic-scale simulations of magnetic materials. This synergy presents opportunities to utilize these calculations in devising and tackling theoretical and practical obstacles concerning magnetic materials.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 19 Apr 2023 12:24:56 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Wed, 14 Jun 2023 02:38:48 GMT'}, {'version': 'v3', 'created': 'Fri, 18 Aug 2023 05:47:37 GMT'}]
2023-08-21
Qidong Lin and Bin Jiang
First-Principles Modeling of Equilibration Dynamics of Hyperthermal Products of Surface Reactions Using Scalable Neural Network Potential
null
null
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
Equilibration dynamics of hot oxygen atoms following O2 dissociation on Pd(100) and Pd(111) surfaces are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations based on a scalable neural network potential enabling first-principles description of O2 and O interacting with variable Pd supercells. We find that to accurately describe the equilibration dynamics after dissociation, the simulation cell length necessarily exceeds twice the maximum distance of equilibrated oxygen adsorbates. By analyzing hundreds of trajectories with appropriate initial sampling, the measured distance distribution of equilibrated atom pairs on Pd(111) is well reproduced. However, our results on Pd(100) suggest that the ballistic motion of hot atoms predicted previously is a rare event under ideal conditions, while initial molecular orientation and surface thermal fluctuation could significantly affect the overall post-dissociation dynamics. On both surfaces, dissociated oxygen atoms remain primarily locate their nascent positions and then randomly cross bridge sites nearby.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Fri, 21 Apr 2023 08:42:34 GMT'}]
2023-04-24
Rachel K. Luu, Marcin Wysokowski, Markus J. Buehler
Generative Discovery of Novel Chemical Designs using Diffusion Modeling and Transformer Deep Neural Networks with Application to Deep Eutectic Solvents
null
10.1063/5.0155890
null
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.stat-mech
We report a series of deep learning models to solve complex forward and inverse design problems in molecular modeling and design. Using both diffusion models inspired by nonequilibrium thermodynamics and attention-based transformer architectures, we demonstrate a flexible framework to capture complex chemical structures. First trained on the QM9 dataset and a series of quantum mechanical properties (e.g. homo, lumo, free energy, heat capacity, etc.), we then generalize the model to study and design key properties of deep eutectic solvents. In addition to separate forward and inverse models, we also report an integrated fully prompt-based multi-task generative pretrained transformer model that solves multiple forward, inverse design, and prediction tasks, flexibly and within one model. We show that the multi-task generative model has the overall best performance and allows for flexible integration of multiple objectives, within one model, and for distinct chemistries, suggesting that synergies emerge during training of this large language model. Trained jointly in tasks related to the QM9 dataset and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), the model can predict various quantum mechanical properties and critical properties to achieve deep eutectic solvent behavior. Several novel combinations of DESs are proposed based on this framework.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Mon, 24 Apr 2023 19:17:38 GMT'}]
2023-06-21
Junrong Lin, Mahmudul Hasan, Pinar Acar, Jose Blanchet and Vahid Tarokh
Neural Network Accelerated Process Design of Polycrystalline Microstructures
null
null
null
cs.CE cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Computational experiments are exploited in finding a well-designed processing path to optimize material structures for desired properties. This requires understanding the interplay between the processing-(micro)structure-property linkages using a multi-scale approach that connects the macro-scale (process parameters) to meso (homogenized properties) and micro (crystallographic texture) scales. Due to the nature of the problem's multi-scale modeling setup, possible processing path choices could grow exponentially as the decision tree becomes deeper, and the traditional simulators' speed reaches a critical computational threshold. To lessen the computational burden for predicting microstructural evolution under given loading conditions, we develop a neural network (NN)-based method with physics-infused constraints. The NN aims to learn the evolution of microstructures under each elementary process. Our method is effective and robust in finding optimal processing paths. In this study, our NN-based method is applied to maximize the homogenized stiffness of a Copper microstructure, and it is found to be 686 times faster while achieving 0.053% error in the resulting homogenized stiffness compared to the traditional finite element simulator on a 10-process experiment.
[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 11 Apr 2023 20:35:29 GMT'}, {'version': 'v2', 'created': 'Wed, 3 May 2023 04:07:49 GMT'}]
2023-05-04