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It also has information-stealing capabilities, such as logging keystrokes via polling and application hooks, capturing screenshots, manipulating the victim’s machine clipboard and tracking the mouse's events. | [
"T1056.001",
"T1113"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
It monitors the open application windows on the victim’s desktop, overlays fake windows, and manages the pop-up windows to steal sensitive information. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
These pop-ups are stored in TFORMS in the RCData section of the executable. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The below screenshots show some of the forms configured to steal one-time security codes or soft tokens from the victim’s online banking web applications. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Banking trojan forms in the binary resource section. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Talos spotted hardcoded SQL commands in the trojan binary designed to collect login data from the Google Chrome user profile folders by writing it to a database source file called “login_data.sql”, and creating SQL queries to produce the database tables to store the stolen data. | [
"T1005",
"T1074.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The dynamic analysis behavior in our analysis environment showed us that the database source file “login_data.sql” contains the login details and the associated URLs from the Google Chrome database files. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Database table containing the victim’s credentials. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The trojan has several anti-analysis and anti-virtual machine (VM) techniques built-in to avoid analysis in automated sandboxes and to thwart debugging: | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Detects the presence of debuggers through APIs IsDebuggerPresent, and OutputDebugStringW, and checks for system breakpoints. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Creates processes enabling the debug privileges by adjusting the process token “Debug,” readings the Process Environment Block, and queries the DebugPort to check if the malware is being debugged. | [
"T1518.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Checks for the existence of the anti-virus products such as AVG and Avast by checking for the DLLs avghookx.dll, avghooka.dll and snxhk.dll. | [
"T1518.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Detects the sandbox environments such as SunBelt and Joe sandboxes. | [
"T1012"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Checks the registry keys to detect virtual environments such as VMWare, Virtual Box, Wine, Microsoft Hyper-V or Windows Virtual PC.A spam tool acts as another payload in this campaign, enabling the attacker to take over the victim’s other email accounts and send spam emails to the contacts found within them. | [
"T1012"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The spam tool is a 32-bit DLL written in Delphi and, when run on the victim’s machine, will attempt to compromise the victim’s login credentials for webmail services such as Yahoo, Gmail, and Hotmail. | [
"T1078"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Upon compromising the credentials, the spam tool takes full control of the victim’s email account, creates spam messages and sends them to the email IDs found in the victim’s mailbox. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The tool also exfiltrates the email address to the C2 server using an HTTP POST request. | [
"T1041"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The spam tool also showed us information-stealing capabilities such as logging keystrokes, capturing screenshots and tracking or intercepting the mouse events on the victim’s machine. | [
"T1056.001",
"T1113"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The decryption function decrypts the URL pointing to the attacker-controlled server. | [
"T1140"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
New Horabot deployed to spread the infectionTalos discovered Horabot, an Outlook Phishing botnet program written in PowerShell. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
It has embedded Visual Basic code that enables the threat actor to control the victim’s Outlook mailbox, exfiltrate contacts’ email addresses, and send phishing emails with malicious HTML attachments to all addresses in the victim’s mailbox. | [
"T1041",
"T1566.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Phishing emails are themed as a tax receipt or service invoice and the attacker is using the email subject and body, in the format shown below:Phishing email subject:Se adjunta la factura del servicio <calendar month in Spanish> :ATT <dd/mm/yyy> <hh:mm:ss> <AM/PM>Comprobante Fiscal Digital <calendar month in Spanish> :... | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Phishing email body: consulate los datos adjuntos, por favor. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
<dd/mm/yyy> <hh:mm:ss> <AM/PM>The end game of the attacker is to deliver the banking trojan to steal the victim's creds and financial data, along with it they are delivering Horabot and separate spam tool to propagate the infection by sending the phishing emails to all of the validated email IDs in the victim's mailbox... | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Attacker is using this technique to minimise the chances of their phishing infracture being tracked. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Horabot, during its initial phase of execution, initializes the victim’s desktop Outlook application by loading “Microsoft. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Office. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Interop. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Outlook” namespace to the PowerShell instance to create the Outlook application object for loading the MAPI namespace. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The script also initializes an array to store the stolen email addresses and creates a folder called “a160323” in “C:\Users\Public\.” as an infection marker. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
A function that initializes the outlook application object. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
After initialization, the script looks for the Outlook data files from the victim profile’s Outlook application data folder. | [
"T1083"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
It loads and accesses the victim’s address book and contacts if they exist. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
It enumerates all folders and emails in the victim’s Outlook data file and extracts email addresses from the emails’ sender, recipients, CC and BCC fields. | [
"T1005",
"T1083"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
During this process, the script checks the “AddressEntryUserType” object values to determine if the email address is one of the types listed below:Exchange agentExchange organizationExchange distribution listExchange public folderAddress that belongs to the same or different exchange forestAddress that uses Lightweight... | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
[LDAP]Address that uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
[SMTP]Function that enumerates and collects email addresses. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The script has an email address format validation function that compares all of the extracted email addresses with a regular expression. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
After they are successfully validated, the addresses are added to the email address collection array. | [
"T1074.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
A function that validates email address format. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Next, the script writes the extracted email addresses from the array to a file called “.Outlook” created by the script in the roaming user profile’s | [
"T1074.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Microsoft application data folder. | [
"T1074.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Then the script encodes the email addresses in the “.Outlook” file to a data stream. | [
"T1027",
"T1074.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Using the GetRequestStream function, the script requests a data stream from the C2 server through the URL hxxp[://]139[.]177[.]193[.]74/esp/12/151222/au/tst/index[.]php?list and upon the successful response, the encoded email addresses are exfiltrated. | [
"T1041",
"T1071.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
A function that exfiltrates email addresses. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
After exfiltrating the email addresses, the script creates a folder “fb” in the Public user folder and creates an HTML file in it, named “adjuntos_1503.html” in our sample analysis. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Then the script downloads the contents of an HTML file stored in an attacker-controlled server and writes it to the HTML file dropped in the “fb” folder. | [
"T1105"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
The HTML file has an embedded malicious URL “hxxps[://]facturacionmarzo[.]cloud/e/archivos[.]pdf[.]html” in its metadata section. | [
"T1027"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Next, the script constructs an email with a hardcoded subject and body and attaches the HTML file from the “fb” folder. | [
"T1566.001"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Then the phishing email is sent to the list of extracted email addresses one at a time, deleting the “fb” folder to cover its paths and avoid detection. | [
"T1070.004"
] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
A function that sends phishing emails. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
CoverageCisco Secure Endpoint (formerly AMP for Endpoints) is ideally suited to prevent the execution of the malware detailed in this post. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Try Secure Endpoint for free here. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Cisco Secure Web Appliance web scanning prevents access to malicious websites and detects malware used in these attacks. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Cisco Secure Email (formerly Cisco Email Security) can block malicious emails sent by threat actors as part of their campaign. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
You can try Secure Email for free here. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Cisco Secure Firewall (formerly Next-Generation Firewall and Firepower NGFW) appliances such as Threat Defense Virtual, Adaptive Security Appliance and Meraki MX can detect malicious activity associated with this threat. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid) identifies malicious binaries and builds protection into all Cisco Secure products. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Umbrella, Cisco's secure internet gateway (SIG), blocks users from connecting to malicious domains, IPs, and URLs, whether users are on or off the corporate network. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Sign up for a free trial of Umbrella here. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Cisco Secure Web Appliance (formerly Web Security Appliance) automatically blocks potentially dangerous sites and tests suspicious sites before users access them. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Additional protections with context to your specific environment and threat data are available from the Firewall Management Center. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Cisco Duo provides multi-factor authentication for users to ensure only those authorized are accessing your network. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Open-source Snort Subscriber Rule Set customers can stay up to date by downloading the latest rule pack available for purchase on Snort.org. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Snort SIDs for this threat are 61839-61856 for Snort 2 and 300569-300577 for Snort 3.ClamAV detections are available for this threat:Txt.Loader. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Horabot-10003071-0Ps1.Downloader. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Horabot-10003078-0Win. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Trojan. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
DelphiTrojanBanking-10003087-0Win. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
DelphiTrojanBanking-10003088-0Txt.Malware. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Horabot-10003089-0Txt.Malware. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Horabot-10003090-0Txt.Malware. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Horabot-10003091-0Win. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
Tool. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
HorabotSpamTool-10003092-0IOCsIndicators of Compromise associated with this threat can be found here. | [] | New Horabot campaign targets the Americas |
By Edmund Brumaghin, Joe Marshall, and Arnaud Zobec. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Executive SummaryAnother threat actor is actively exploiting the so-called PrintNightmare vulnerability (CVE-2021-1675 / CVE-2021-34527) in Windows' print spooler service to spread laterally across a victim's network as part of a recent ransomware attack, according to Cisco Talos Incident Response research. | [
"T1210"
] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
While previous research found that other threat actors had been exploiting this vulnerability, this appears to be new for the threat actor Vice Society. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Talos Incident Response's research demonstrates that multiple, distinct threat actors view this vulnerability as attractive to use during their attacks and may indicate that this vulnerability will continue to see more widespread adoption and incorporation by various adversaries moving forward. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
For defenders, it is important to understand the attack lifecycle leading up to the deployment of ransomware. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
If users have not already, they should download the latest patch for PrintNightmare from Microsoft. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
In this post, we'll analyze the various TTPs used in a recent ransomware attack from Vice Society that leveraged this vulnerability. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Many of these same TTPs are commonly observed in other ransomware attacks, such as a previously published analysis of a WastedLocker attack. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Who is Vice Society?Vice Society is a relatively new player in the ransomware space. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
They emerged in mid-2021 and have been observed launching big-game hunting and double-extortion attacks, primarily targeting small or midsize victims. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
This group also has notably targeted public school districts and other educational institutions. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
As they are a new actor in this space, Vice Society's TTPs are difficult to quantify. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
However, based on incident response observations, they are quick to leverage new vulnerabilities for lateral movement and persistence on a victim's network. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
They also attempt to be innovative on end-point detection response bypasses. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
As with other threat actors operating in the big-game hunting space, Vice Society operates a data leak site, which they use to publish data exfiltrated from victims who do not choose to pay their extortion demands. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Below is an example screenshot of this site. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Recent attack methodologyThroughout the course of our analysis of a recent human-operated ransomware attack associated with Vice Society, we observed several notable tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used throughout each stage of the attack lifecycle. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Some of the most interesting characteristics of this attack were:The use of utilities such as proxychains and impacket during the post-compromise phases of the attack lifecycle. | [
"T1090"
] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
The targeting of backups to prevent recovery following ransomware deployment. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
The degradation of ESXi servers used for virtualization in victim environments. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
The use of a DLL that takes advantage of the recently discovered PrintNightmare vulnerability for which Microsoft has previously released a security update. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Attempts to bypass native Windows protections for credential theft and privilege escalation. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
Below are some key examples of the TTPs used in this attack as they relate to the Mitre ATT&CK Framework. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
DiscoveryATT&CK Technique: System Owner/User Discovery (T1033)ATT&CK Technique: Account Discovery (T1087)ATT&CK Technique: Domain Trust Discovery (T1482)Once initial access was achieved, several techniques were observed being leveraged to conduct post-compromise discovery and reconnaissance within the environment. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
We observed attempts to access the backup solution employed in the environment, likely to prevent the organization from successfully recovering without paying the demanded ransom. | [] | Vice Society leverages PrintNightmare in ransomware attacks |
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