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▁ 3 ▁star ▁located ▁nearby ▁Pla za ▁Catalunya . ▁The ▁two ▁apart ments ▁are : ▁the ▁Mur m uri ▁Res idence ▁and ▁the ▁Maj estic ▁Res idence , ▁ ▁located ▁next ▁to ▁Mur m uri ▁hotel ▁and ▁the ▁Maj estic ▁hotel ▁respectively . ▁In ▁Pal ma ▁of ▁Major ca , ▁the ▁group ▁has ▁the ▁hotel ▁Sant ▁Frances c , ▁a ▁ 5 - star ▁bout ique ▁hotel ▁located ▁on ▁ ▁Sant ▁Frances c ▁Square . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Review ▁at ▁Ye hot els ▁lux ury ▁hot els ▁guide ▁ ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁Barcelona ▁Category : Hot el ▁ch ains ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : Span ish ▁br ands ▁Category : H ospital ity ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁Statistics ▁of ▁Lat v ian ▁High er ▁League ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁season . ▁ ▁Over view ▁It ▁was ▁cont ested ▁by ▁ 1 4 ▁teams , ▁and ▁Ele ktr ons ▁won ▁the ▁championship . ▁ ▁League ▁stand ings ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁R SS SF ▁ ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁SS R ▁High er ▁League ▁Football ▁ ▁Lat via <0x0A> </s> ▁Prince ▁M oul ay ▁Is mail ▁of ▁Mor oc co ▁() ▁( born ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Prince ▁M oul ay ▁Ab dal lah ▁and ▁L alla ▁Lam ia ▁Sol h . ▁His ▁mother ▁is ▁daughter ▁of ▁Ri ad ▁Al |
▁Sol h , ▁the ▁first ▁Prime ▁minister ▁of ▁Leb anon . ▁The ▁Prince ▁has ▁one ▁older ▁brother , ▁Prince ▁M oul ay ▁H ich am . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 5 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁married ▁An issa ▁Le hm ku hl , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Lieutenant - Col onel ▁O mar ▁Le hm ku hl ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Am ina ▁( G erman ▁citizens ▁converted ▁to ▁Islam ic ▁faith ). ▁They ▁had ▁issue , ▁one ▁son ▁and ▁four ▁daughters : ▁▁ ▁Sh ar if ▁M oul ay ▁Ab dal lah , ▁( born ▁on ▁ ▁at ▁Rab at ), ▁ ▁Sh ar ifa ▁L alla ▁A ish a , ▁( born ▁on ▁▁ ▁at ▁Rab at ), ▁ ▁Sh ar ifa ▁L alla ▁H ala , ▁( born ▁on ▁ ▁at ▁Rab at ). ▁ ▁Sh ar ifa ▁L alla ▁Bah ia , ▁( born ▁on ▁ ▁at ▁Rab at ). ▁ ▁Business ▁Prince ▁Is mail ▁own s ▁The ora ▁holding , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁ 3 5 % ▁st ake ▁in ▁the ▁now - def unct ▁K IA ▁Mar oc ▁( ex clus ive ▁deal er ▁of ▁K IA ▁cars ▁in ▁Mor oc co ) ▁and ▁also ▁co - own s ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁food ▁& ▁restaur ants ▁franch ises ▁such ▁as ▁P izza ▁Del ▁Arte ▁( sub s idi ary ▁of ▁Gr oupe ▁Le ▁D uff ). ▁ ▁Pat ron ages ▁▁ ▁Honor ary ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Hand ▁in ▁Hand ▁Association . ▁ ▁References ▁ |
▁Category : Mor oc can ▁royal ty ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Rab at ▁Category : 1 9 8 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁people ▁of ▁Leb an ese ▁descent ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁people ▁of ▁Arab ▁descent ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁princes ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Be ir ut ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁business people <0x0A> </s> ▁Z odia q ▁is ▁an ▁engine ered ▁stone ▁made ▁by ▁Du P ont ▁composed ▁of ▁ 9 3 % ▁quart z ▁cry stal ▁and ▁ 7 % ▁ac ry lic ▁res in , ▁colors ▁and ▁bind ers . ▁The ▁product ▁is ▁manufact ured ▁in ▁Du P ont ' s ▁Gran ire x ▁plant ▁in ▁Th et ford ▁M ines , ▁Canada . ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁most ▁often ▁as ▁kitchen ▁counter top s ▁but ▁also ▁as ▁walls . ▁Its ▁primary ▁advantage ▁is ▁that ▁unlike ▁natural ▁stone ▁products ▁( mar ble , ▁gran ite , ▁lim estone , ▁wood ), ▁Z odia q ▁is ▁non - por ous ▁and ▁does ▁not ▁require ▁a ▁se al ant ▁that ▁must ▁be ▁period ically ▁re app lied . ▁Por ous ▁products , ▁like ▁gran ite , ▁are ▁pr one ▁to ▁growing ▁m olds ▁and ▁st aining . ▁The ▁color ▁of ▁Z odia q ▁is ▁consistent ▁throughout . ▁Du P ont ▁offers ▁a ▁ 1 0 - year ▁war rant y ▁on ▁the ▁installation , ▁( as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁product ▁itself ) ▁if ▁the ▁job ▁is ▁done ▁by |
▁a ▁cert ified ▁fabric ator / install er . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Du P ont ' s ▁Z odia q ▁website ▁ ▁Z odia q ▁in ▁a ▁green ▁kitchen ▁rem odel ▁ ▁Category : B rand ▁name ▁materials ▁Category : D u P ont <0x0A> </s> ▁Ad rian ▁S util ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 1 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁German ▁racing ▁driver , ▁who ▁rac ed ▁in ▁Formula ▁One ▁for ▁seven ▁seasons : ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 1 1 , ▁then ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4 . ▁He ▁drove ▁for ▁the ▁Sp y ker ▁F 1 ▁Team , ▁Force ▁India ▁F 1 ▁Team ▁and ▁the ▁Sa uber ▁F 1 ▁Team . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁reserve ▁driver ▁for ▁the ▁Williams ▁F 1 ▁Team ▁in ▁. ▁ ▁S util ▁started ▁k art ing ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 4 ▁and ▁moved ▁into ▁single ▁se ater ▁racing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁in ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Formula ▁Ford ▁series ▁where ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁title . ▁He ▁moved ▁up ▁into ▁Formula ▁Masters ▁Austria ▁and ▁started ▁ 1 ▁race ▁before ▁ste pping ▁into ▁Formula ▁B MW ▁AD AC ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁S util ▁then ▁rac ed ▁in ▁the ▁Formula ▁ 3 ▁Euro series ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁runner - up ▁to ▁Lewis ▁Hamilton ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁He ▁went ▁to ▁Japan ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁race ▁in ▁the ▁All |
- J apan ▁Formula ▁Three ▁Championship ▁and ▁also ▁finished ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁the ▁Mac au ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁ ▁Having ▁been ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁Mid land ▁F 1 ▁test ▁team , ▁S util ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁a ▁race ▁seat ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁Sp y ker ▁F 1 ▁team ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁S util ▁continued ▁to ▁race ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁under ▁their ▁new ▁gu ise ▁Force ▁India ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Having ▁made ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁sport ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁again ▁with ▁Force ▁India , ▁he ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Sa uber ▁team . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Born ▁in ▁St arn berg , ▁West ▁Germany , ▁S util ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁professional ▁mus icians ▁Mon ika , ▁a ▁German , ▁and ▁Jorge , ▁a ▁Uruguay an . ▁He ▁has ▁two ▁brothers , ▁named ▁Daniel ▁and ▁Rap ha el . ▁ ▁He ▁we igh s ▁ 7 5 ▁kil og rams ▁( 1 6 5 ▁pounds ) ▁and ▁is ▁ 1 8 3 ▁cent im eters ▁( 6 ▁feet ) ▁tall . ▁ ▁A ▁tal ented ▁pian ist , ▁S util ▁started ▁k art ing ▁at ▁ 1 4 ▁before ▁moving ▁up ▁to ▁Swiss ▁Formula ▁Ford ▁ 1 8 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁He ▁won ▁all ▁ten ▁r ounds ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁from ▁pole ▁and ▁added ▁five ▁wins ▁in ▁the ▁Formula ▁Masters |
▁Austria ▁championship . ▁S util ▁speak s ▁fl uent ▁German , ▁English , ▁and ▁Spanish ▁and ▁a ▁little ▁Italian . ▁ ▁Formula ▁B MW ▁and ▁Formula ▁Three ▁When ▁S util ▁moved ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁Formula ▁B MW ▁AD AC ▁championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁he ▁finished ▁in ▁sixth ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁series , ▁but ▁with ▁no ▁wins . ▁The ▁following ▁season ▁he ▁stepped ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁Formula ▁ 3 ▁Euro series ▁with ▁Col in ▁Kol les ' ▁team . ▁Although ▁he ▁scored ▁only ▁twice , ▁the ▁connection ▁he ▁made ▁with ▁Kol les ▁would ▁prove ▁useful ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁AS M ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁final ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁S util ▁stayed ▁with ▁AS M ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁British ▁driver ▁Lewis ▁Hamilton . ▁Hamilton ▁won ▁more ▁races ▁than ▁S util , ▁but ▁the ▁German ▁was ▁runner - up ▁to ▁Hamilton ▁and ▁the ▁Brit on ' s ▁only ▁serious ▁compet itor ▁in ▁the ▁championship ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Mar l bor o ▁Masters ▁of ▁Formula ▁Three ▁at ▁Z and vo ort . ▁ ▁S util ▁missed ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁r ounds ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Euro series ▁after ▁joining ▁A 1 ▁Team ▁Germany ▁for ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁A 1 ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁series . ▁He ▁rac ed ▁for ▁them ▁at ▁three ▁events ▁in ▁Portugal , ▁Australia ▁and ▁Dub ai , ▁his ▁best ▁result ▁being ▁two ▁tw elf th ▁places . ▁ ▁He ▁spent ▁ 2 0 0 6 |
▁racing ▁in ▁Japan ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁All - J apan ▁Formula ▁Three ▁Championship . ▁He ▁showed ▁a ▁very ▁strong ▁performance ▁all ▁season . ▁He ▁also ▁finished ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁Mac au ▁Formula ▁Three ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁and ▁made ▁a ▁one - off ▁appearance ▁in ▁Japanese ▁Super ▁GT . ▁ ▁Formula ▁One ▁ ▁Mid land ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁That ▁year ▁also ▁saw ▁S util ▁enter ▁Formula ▁One . ▁In ▁January , ▁he ▁was ▁confirmed ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁test ▁drivers ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁Mid land ▁F 1 ▁Racing ▁team , ▁along ▁with ▁Mark us ▁W inkel ho ck ▁and ▁Giorg io ▁Mond ini . ▁This ▁came ▁thanks ▁to ▁his ▁connections ▁with ▁Col in ▁Kol les , ▁who ▁was ▁then ▁running ▁the ▁team . ▁ ▁S util ▁appeared ▁for ▁the ▁team ▁as ▁the ▁third ▁driver ▁at ▁the ▁European , ▁French ▁and ▁Japanese ▁Gr ands ▁Prix . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁third ▁appearance , ▁the ▁out fit ▁had ▁been ▁bought ▁by ▁Sp y ker ▁C ars . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁second ▁driver ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁season , ▁having ▁been ▁signed ▁on ▁a ▁multi - year ▁contract ▁by ▁the ▁Sp y ker ▁M F 1 ▁Team . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁Official ▁Formula ▁One ▁website , ▁S util ' s ▁first ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁team mate , ▁Christ ij an ▁Al bers , ▁commented ▁that ▁" Ad rian ▁is ▁a ▁good ▁driver ▁and ▁he ▁will ▁be ▁quick |
▁this ▁year , ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁driver ▁you ▁should ▁always ▁be ▁pushing ▁to ▁the ▁limits ▁without ▁thinking ▁what ▁the ▁gu y ▁in ▁the ▁car ▁next ▁to ▁you ▁is ▁doing . ▁But ▁Ad rian ▁will ▁be ▁a ▁good ▁team - mate ▁and ▁it ▁looks ▁as ▁though ▁he ' s ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁big ▁talent ▁[ for ▁the ▁future ] ". ▁ ▁Sp y ker ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁During ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁S util ▁out - qual ified ▁and ▁out - rac ed ▁his ▁team - mate ▁Al bers ▁at ▁all ▁Gr ands ▁Prix ▁before ▁the ▁Dutch man ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁S util ' s ▁coun tr yman ▁Mark us ▁W inkel ho ck , ▁test ▁driver ▁for ▁the ▁team ▁up ▁until ▁that ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁European ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁S util ▁out - qual ified ▁W inkel ho ck , ▁although ▁the ▁latter ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁race ▁and ▁restart ▁after ▁a ▁sudden ▁down p our . ▁W inkel ho ck ▁res umed ▁his ▁third ▁driver ▁role ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁grand ▁prix ▁at ▁Hung ary ▁when ▁Japanese ▁driver ▁Sak on ▁Yam am oto ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁second ▁team ▁seat . ▁S util ▁out - per formed ▁Yam am oto ▁in ▁the ▁race , ▁passing ▁H onda ▁drivers ▁Rub ens ▁Bar rich ello ▁and ▁J enson ▁Button . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Hung arian ▁Grand ▁Prix , ▁S util ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Sp y ker ▁driver ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁beat ▁another ▁running ▁class |
ified ▁finish er , ▁H onda ' s ▁Rub ens ▁Bar rich ello . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Grand ▁Prix , ▁a ▁B - spec ▁car ▁was ▁expected ▁for ▁the ▁Sp y ker ▁team ▁but ▁it ▁failed ▁a ▁rear ▁crash ▁test ▁and ▁S util ▁continued ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁older ▁spec ▁car . ▁After ▁fuel ▁pressure ▁problems , ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁race ▁from ▁the ▁p its ▁and ▁finished ▁five ▁la ps ▁behind . ▁At ▁Mon za , ▁despite ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁the ▁B - spec ▁Sp y ker ▁F 8 - V II ▁and ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁circuit , ▁the ▁Sp yk ers ▁were ▁largely ▁un comp et itive ▁once ▁again ▁and ▁S util ▁finished ▁ 1 9 th , ▁again ▁only ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁his ▁team - mate . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁Grand ▁Prix , ▁the ▁strength s ▁of ▁the ▁B - spec ▁car ▁were ▁fully ▁evident ▁with ▁both ▁S util ▁and ▁Yam am oto ▁setting ▁compet itive ▁times ▁through ▁the ▁three ▁practice ▁sessions ▁cul min ating ▁in ▁S util ▁qual ifying ▁only ▁half ▁a ▁second ▁behind ▁ 1 6 th ▁placed ▁man ▁Vit anton io ▁Li uz zi . ▁During ▁the ▁race , ▁S util ▁passed ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁of ▁Jar no ▁Tr ul li , ▁H ond as ▁of ▁Rub ens ▁Bar rich ello ▁and ▁J enson ▁Button ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Red ▁Bull ' s ▁David ▁C oul th ard , ▁Tor o ▁Ros so ' s ▁Vit anton io ▁Li uz |
zi ▁and ▁Williams ▁driver ▁Alexander ▁W urz . ▁He ▁ran ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁ 1 2 th ▁before ▁finishing ▁ 1 4 th . ▁He ▁was ▁highly ▁pra ised ▁for ▁his ▁efforts ▁by ▁both ▁team ▁and ▁media . ▁ ▁Two ▁weeks ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁rain ▁at ▁Fu ji ▁Speed way , ▁Japan , ▁it ▁seemed ▁S util ▁had ▁narrow ly ▁missed ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁score ▁Sp y ker ' s ▁first ▁ever ▁point , ▁briefly ▁holding ▁ 8 th ▁position ▁on ▁the ▁pen ult imate ▁lap ▁of ▁the ▁high - attr ition ▁race ▁after ▁Nick ▁He id feld ▁retired ▁his ▁B MW , ▁but ▁was ▁almost ▁immediately ▁passed ▁by ▁fellow ▁back marker ▁Vit anton io ▁Li uz zi ▁in ▁the ▁Tor o ▁Ros so ▁and ▁finished ▁ 9 th . ▁After ▁the ▁race ▁it ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁Li uz zi ▁had ▁over t aken ▁S util ▁under ▁yellow ▁flags , ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 5 - second ▁penalty ▁for ▁the ▁Italian ▁promoted ▁S util ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁points ▁position . ▁Tor o ▁Ros so ▁appe aled ▁the ▁decision , ▁but ▁the ▁penalty ▁was ▁u ph eld . ▁ ▁Sp y ker ▁were ▁not ▁compet itive ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁two ▁races ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁neither ▁of ▁which ▁S util ▁finished . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁pra ised ▁by ▁many ▁for ▁his ▁performances ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Formula ▁One ▁Championship . ▁Despite ▁driving ▁the ▁most ▁un comp et itive ▁car ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁the ▁German ▁ro ok ie ▁im pressed ▁by |
▁not ▁only ▁domin ating ▁all ▁of ▁his ▁team m ates ▁in ▁both ▁qual ifying ▁and ▁race ▁conditions , ▁but ▁also ▁by ▁challeng ing ▁other ▁drivers ▁with ▁superior ▁equipment . ▁ ▁Force ▁India ▁( 2 0 0 8 – 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁S util ▁continued ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁under ▁its ▁new ▁identity ▁as ▁Force ▁India , ▁after ▁briefly ▁entertain ing ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁a ▁drive ▁with ▁Mc L aren ▁or ▁Williams . ▁The ▁first ▁two ▁races ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁ended ▁with ▁mechanical ▁fail ures ▁ ▁While ▁running ▁in ▁a ▁very ▁strong ▁fourth ▁position ▁in ▁Mon aco ▁with ▁six ▁la ps ▁remaining , ▁he ▁was ▁hit ▁in ▁the ▁rear ▁by ▁fifth ▁placed ▁K imi ▁R ä ikk ön en ▁who ▁lost ▁control ▁of ▁his ▁car ▁while ▁bra king ▁for ▁the ▁har bour ▁ch icane . ▁A ▁crash ▁a ▁few ▁la ps ▁earlier ▁had ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁safety ▁car ▁being ▁deployed , ▁with ▁S util ▁losing ▁his ▁considerable ▁lead ▁over ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁driver . ▁S util ' s ▁car ▁suffered ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁rear ▁diff user , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁ret ire . ▁Mike ▁Gas co y ne ▁called ▁for ▁R ä ikk ön en ▁to ▁be ▁pun ished ▁over ▁the ▁incident . ▁No ▁pun ishment , ▁however , ▁was ▁given . ▁However , ▁S util ▁had ▁over t aken ▁three ▁cars ▁under ▁yellow ▁flags ▁and ▁according ▁to ▁ste ward ▁Paul ▁Gut jahr |
, ▁should ▁he ▁have ▁reached ▁the ▁che quer ed ▁flag , ▁he ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁given ▁a ▁ 2 5 - second ▁penalty ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁dropped ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁point - sc oring ▁positions . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁October ▁Force ▁India ▁announced ▁they ▁would ▁keep ▁S util ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁season . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁S util ▁and ▁the ▁Force ▁India ▁team ▁started ▁the ▁year ▁with ▁a ▁real ▁optim ism ▁of ▁points ▁scoring ▁finish es ▁when ▁the ▁European ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁started ▁after ▁the ▁first ▁four ▁races . ▁BBC ▁comment ator ▁Martin ▁Bru nd le ▁expressed ▁his ▁personal ▁view ▁that : ▁ ▁In ▁Australia , ▁after ▁starting ▁from ▁ 1 6 th ▁on ▁the ▁grid , ▁S util ▁progress ed ▁stead ily ▁through ▁the ▁field ▁to ▁finish ▁just ▁outside ▁the ▁points ▁in ▁ 9 th ▁place . ▁In ▁Malays ia , ▁he ▁qualified ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁finished ▁ 1 5 th ▁when ▁the ▁race ▁was ▁stopped ▁on ▁lap ▁ 3 3 ▁due ▁to ▁tor r ential ▁rain . ▁ ▁In ▁China , ▁S util ▁was ▁running ▁in ▁ 6 th ▁place ▁with ▁ 6 ▁la ps ▁remaining ▁when ▁he ▁lost ▁control ▁of ▁his ▁Force ▁India – ▁due ▁to ▁aqu ap lan ing – ▁resulting ▁in ▁him ▁crash ing ▁and ▁forcing ▁him ▁to ▁ret ire . ▁ ▁In ▁Bah rain , ▁S util ▁was ▁pen al ised ▁for ▁blocking ▁Mark ▁Web ber ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁qual ifying ▁session . |
▁He ▁personally ▁walked ▁into ▁Mark ' s ▁room ▁to ▁apolog ise ▁for ▁the ▁incident . ▁ ▁In ▁Spain , ▁after ▁running ▁wide ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁lap ▁S util ▁rejo ined ▁the ▁track ▁only ▁to ▁hit ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁of ▁Jar no ▁Tr ul li . ▁The ▁Italian ▁had ▁also ▁run ▁wide ▁and ▁was ▁rejo ining ▁the ▁track . ▁ ▁This ▁forced ▁both ▁drivers ▁to ▁ret ire ▁and ▁caused ▁the ▁two ▁Tor o ▁Ross os ▁of ▁S éb ast ien ▁Bour da is ▁and ▁S éb ast ien ▁Bu emi ▁to ▁crash ▁into ▁each ▁other . ▁ ▁In ▁Mon aco , ▁S util ▁finished ▁ 1 4 th ▁and ▁finished ▁ 1 7 th ▁in ▁Turkey , ▁after ▁qual ifying ▁a ▁career - best ▁of ▁ 1 5 th . ▁ ▁In ▁qual ifying ▁in ▁Britain , ▁S util ▁went ▁off ▁at ▁Ab bey ▁corner ▁after ▁bra ke ▁failure ▁in ▁Q 1 . ▁Qual ifying ▁was ▁red ▁flag ged ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁no ▁one ▁else ▁could ▁post ▁a ▁lap ▁time . ▁This ▁meant ▁that ▁S util ▁was ▁to ▁start ▁from ▁ 1 8 th ▁on ▁the ▁grid , ▁although ▁the ▁team ▁had ▁hoped ▁that ▁both ▁S util ▁and ▁Gian car lo ▁F is ich ella ▁would ▁get ▁into ▁Q 2 . ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁damage ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁accident ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁start ▁from ▁the ▁pit ▁l ane ▁because ▁he ▁needed ▁to ▁use ▁a ▁new ▁car ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁engine , ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁finish ▁ 1 7 |
th ▁in ▁an ▁une vent ful ▁race . ▁ ▁In ▁Germany , ▁S util ▁took ▁advantage ▁of ▁the ▁un predict able ▁conditions ▁in ▁qual ifying , ▁and ▁secured ▁his ▁best - ever ▁qual ifying ▁position ▁of ▁sevent h . ▁In ▁the ▁race , ▁he ▁was ▁lying ▁in ▁second ▁place ▁for ▁a ▁while ▁before ▁his ▁first ▁pit ▁stop . ▁However , ▁a ▁collision ▁with ▁K imi ▁R ä ikk ön en ▁after ▁coming ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁pit ▁l ane ▁meant ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁pit ▁again ▁to ▁replace ▁his ▁front ▁wing . ▁He ▁finished ▁ 1 5 th . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁that ▁a ▁collision ▁with ▁R ä ikk ön en ▁cost ▁S util ▁the ▁chance ▁to ▁score ▁points , ▁after ▁the ▁previous ▁incident ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Mon aco ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁ ▁In ▁Hung ary , ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁ret ire ▁after ▁just ▁two ▁la ps ▁because ▁a ▁water ▁temperature ▁problem ▁caused ▁the ▁engine ▁to ▁over he at , ▁after ▁qual ifying ▁ 1 7 th . ▁ ▁In ▁Val encia , ▁new ▁aer od ynamic ▁up gr ades ▁for ▁the ▁V J M 0 2 ▁saw ▁him ▁qual ify ▁ 1 2 th , ▁and ▁he ▁then ▁rac ed ▁stead ily ▁to ▁finish ▁ 1 0 th , ▁demonstr ating ▁that ▁the ▁team ▁were ▁at ▁last ▁showing ▁signs ▁of ▁compet it iveness , ▁as ▁team mate ▁F is ich ella ▁finished ▁ 1 2 th ▁behind ▁He id feld ' s ▁B MW ▁Sa uber . |
▁ ▁In ▁Belg ium , ▁he ▁qualified ▁ 1 1 th , ▁although ▁the ▁main ▁celebr ations ▁in ▁the ▁Force ▁India ▁pit ▁were ▁for ▁team mate ▁Gian car lo ▁F is ich ella ' s ▁excellent ▁pole ▁position . ▁S util ▁finished ▁ 1 1 th , ▁while ▁F is ich ella ▁finished ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁second ▁behind ▁K imi ▁R ä ikk ön en ' s ▁race - win ning ▁Ferr ari . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁, ▁S util ▁took ▁his ▁career ▁best ▁qual ifying ▁result ▁of ▁second ▁place ▁and ▁finished ▁fourth ▁in ▁the ▁race ▁behind ▁R ä ikk ön en , ▁despite ▁accident ally ▁over sh oot ing ▁his ▁mechan ics ▁during ▁his ▁final ▁pit ▁stop , ▁but ▁they ▁suffered ▁only ▁minor ▁inj uries . ▁He ▁also ▁recorded ▁the ▁fast est ▁lap ▁of ▁the ▁race , ▁his ▁first ▁in ▁Formula ▁One ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁fast est ▁lap ▁recorded ▁for ▁Force ▁India . ▁This ▁finish ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁best ▁of ▁his ▁F 1 ▁career . ▁▁ ▁In ▁Singapore , ▁S util ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁ret ire ▁after ▁he ▁coll ided ▁with ▁Nick ▁He id feld ▁of ▁B MW ▁Sa uber , ▁moving ▁into ▁his ▁path ▁as ▁he ▁recovered ▁from ▁a ▁spin . ▁After ▁the ▁race , ▁S util ▁was ▁repr im and ed ▁by ▁race ▁ste wards ▁and ▁f ined ▁$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁causing ▁an ▁avoid able ▁accident . ▁ ▁In ▁Japan , ▁S util ▁took ▁his ▁second ▁best ▁career ▁qual ifying ▁result ▁of ▁fourth , ▁but |
▁was ▁given ▁a ▁ 5 ▁grid ▁place ▁penalty ▁along ▁with ▁J enson ▁Button , ▁Rub ens ▁Bar rich ello ▁and ▁Fernando ▁Al onso ▁for ▁not ▁slow ing ▁down ▁while ▁yellow ▁flags ▁were ▁w aved ▁( due ▁to ▁a ▁crash ▁by ▁Sebast ien ▁Bu emi , ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁dem oted ▁five ▁places ▁for ▁attempting ▁to ▁drive ▁his ▁badly ▁dam aged ▁Tor o ▁Ros so ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁p its ) ▁and ▁started ▁the ▁race ▁from ▁e ighth ▁on ▁the ▁grid . ▁S util ▁finished ▁ 1 3 th . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁wet ▁qual ifying ▁session ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁S util ▁qualified ▁third , ▁but ▁retired ▁on ▁lap ▁one ▁following ▁a ▁collision ▁with ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁of ▁Jar no ▁Tr ul li . ▁Out ▁of ▁control ▁on ▁the ▁wet ▁grass ▁outside ▁Turn ▁ 5 , ▁Tr ul li ▁hit ▁S util , ▁and ▁then ▁sl id ▁back ▁onto ▁the ▁track ▁and ▁struck ▁Al onso ' s ▁Ren ault , ▁resulting ▁in ▁all ▁three ▁being ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁race . ▁Tr ul li ▁bl amed ▁S util ▁for ▁pushing ▁him ▁outside ▁the ▁track ▁at ▁the ▁fifth ▁corner ▁and ▁thus ▁causing ▁the ▁accident , ▁and ▁fur iously ▁ber ated ▁the ▁German ▁at ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁track ▁in ▁full - view ▁of ▁world wide ▁TV ▁cam eras . ▁This ▁time ▁the ▁ste wards ▁took ▁no ▁action ▁against ▁S util ▁for ▁the ▁accident , ▁while ▁Tr ul li ▁was ▁f ined ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁his ▁un accept able ▁behaviour . ▁The |
▁matter ▁was ▁not ▁resolved ▁however , ▁as ▁S util ▁and ▁Tr ul li ▁still ▁argued ▁about ▁the ▁accident ▁two ▁weeks ▁later ▁at ▁the ▁driver ' s ▁press ▁conference ▁for ▁the ▁. ▁ ▁In ▁Ab u ▁D hab i , ▁S util ▁was ▁unus ually ▁off ▁the ▁pace , ▁qual ifying ▁only ▁ 1 8 th ▁on ▁the ▁grid . ▁Although ▁he ▁over to ok ▁several ▁cars ▁during ▁the ▁race , ▁a ▁poor ▁pit ▁strategy ▁resulted ▁in ▁S util ▁finishing ▁the ▁race ▁at ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁field , ▁scra pping ▁with ▁F is ich ella ▁( who ▁had ▁joined ▁Ferr ari ) ▁and ▁Ren ault ' s ▁Rom ain ▁Gros je an . ▁The ▁German ▁eventually ▁finished ▁ 1 7 th , ▁ 1 ▁lap ▁down ▁but ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁French man . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁S util ▁was ▁in ▁tal ks ▁with ▁Force ▁India ▁to ▁renew ▁his ▁contract , ▁and ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁team ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁German ' s ▁contract ▁had ▁been ▁renew ed , ▁while ▁test - driver ▁Vit anton io ▁Li uz zi ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁full - time ▁race ▁seat . ▁S util ▁qualified ▁t enth ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁races ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁but ▁a ▁collision ▁with ▁Robert ▁Kub ica ▁in ▁Bah rain ▁and ▁a ▁mechanical ▁failure ▁in ▁Australia ▁meant ▁he ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁score ▁points ▁in ▁either ▁race . ▁However , ▁S util ▁commented ▁that ▁the ▁performances ▁proved ▁that ▁the ▁team ▁could ▁now |
▁score ▁points ▁in ▁dry ▁races . ▁This ▁comment ▁was ▁back ed ▁up ▁by ▁S util ' s ▁fifth - place ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁race ▁in ▁Malays ia . ▁In ▁China ▁he ▁finished ▁ 1 1 th . ▁In ▁Spain ▁he ▁finished ▁ 7 th ▁and ▁in ▁Mon aco ▁he ▁finished ▁ 8 th . ▁S util ▁again ▁finished ▁in ▁the ▁points ▁in ▁Turkey ▁with ▁a ▁ 9 th ▁place . ▁He ▁followed ▁this ▁result ▁with ▁points ▁scoring ▁finish es ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁three ▁r ounds ▁in ▁Canada , ▁Europe ▁and ▁Britain . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁S util ▁remained ▁with ▁Force ▁India ▁for ▁, ▁and ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁D TM ▁champion ▁Paul ▁di ▁R esta . ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁races ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁S util ▁was ▁out - qual ified ▁by ▁di ▁R esta . ▁S util ▁finished ▁nin th ▁in ▁the ▁, ▁at ▁the ▁exp ense ▁of ▁the ▁Sa uber ▁cars ▁being ▁dis qual ified ▁from ▁the ▁race , ▁having ▁finished ▁ele vent h ▁on ▁the ▁road . ▁In ▁Malays ia , ▁S util ▁finished ▁ele vent h , ▁just ▁behind ▁di ▁R esta , ▁and ▁in ▁China , ▁he ▁qualified ▁ele vent h . ▁In ▁Mon aco , ▁he ▁had ▁his ▁best ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁finishing ▁sevent h . ▁He ▁retired ▁in ▁Canada ▁after ▁hitting ▁a ▁wall , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁damage ▁to ▁his ▁car ' s ▁susp ension . ▁A ▁nin th - place ▁finish ▁in ▁Val encia ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁ele vent |
h ▁at ▁the ▁, ▁missing ▁out ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁points - sc oring ▁position , ▁held ▁by ▁Ja ime ▁Al gu ers u ari , ▁by ▁just ▁ 0 . 6 ▁seconds . ▁At ▁his ▁home ▁race , ▁S util ▁took ▁a ▁season ▁best ▁finish ▁of ▁sixth ▁place , ▁after ▁implementing ▁a ▁different ▁strategy ▁to ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁drivers ▁around ▁him ▁on ▁the ▁grid , ▁making ▁just ▁two ▁pit ▁stops ▁to ▁the ▁three ▁made ▁by ▁his ▁riv als . ▁ ▁Despite ▁qual ifying ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ten ▁in ▁Hung ary , ▁S util ▁could ▁only ▁finish ▁ 1 4 th , ▁before ▁another ▁points - sc oring ▁finish – ▁finishing ▁sevent h , ▁after ▁starting ▁ 1 5 th ▁on ▁the ▁grid ▁after ▁an ▁accident ▁in ▁qual ifying – ▁at ▁the ▁. ▁He ▁retired ▁at ▁Mon za ▁after ▁his ▁car ▁suffered ▁a ▁hyd ra ul ics ▁problem , ▁before ▁an ▁e ighth - place ▁finish ▁in ▁Singapore , ▁holding ▁off ▁a ▁late - race ▁challenge ▁from ▁F eli pe ▁Mass a . ▁In ▁Japan , ▁S util ▁ran ▁inside ▁the ▁top ▁ten ▁pla c ings ▁for ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁race , ▁but ▁finished ▁the ▁race ▁just ▁outside ▁the ▁points ▁in ▁ele vent h ▁place , ▁having ▁been ▁passed ▁by ▁V ital y ▁Pet rov ▁and ▁N ico ▁Ros berg ▁in ▁the ▁closing ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁race . ▁Another ▁ele vent h ▁place ▁followed ▁in ▁Korea , ▁before ▁a ▁nin th - place ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁race ▁in ▁India . |
▁At ▁the ▁final ▁race ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁S util ▁matched ▁his ▁best ▁finish ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁sixth ▁place , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁result , ▁moved ▁into ▁nin th ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁championship ▁stand ings . ▁ ▁Shang hai ▁night club ▁incident ▁and ▁assault ▁conv iction ▁On ▁the ▁evening ▁following ▁the ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁, ▁S util ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁an ▁incident ▁with ▁Gen ii ▁Capital ▁CE O ▁and ▁owner ▁of ▁the ▁Lot us ▁F 1 ▁team ▁Eric ▁Lux ▁in ▁a ▁night club ▁in ▁Shang hai . ▁S util ▁struck ▁Lux ▁with ▁a ▁champ agne ▁glass , ▁causing ▁a ▁w ound ▁in ▁his ▁neck ▁which ▁required ▁ 2 4 ▁st itch es . ▁S util ▁apolog ised ▁for ▁the ▁incident , ▁which ▁he ▁described ▁as ▁un intent ional . ▁Lux ' s ▁law y ers ▁file d ▁a ▁criminal ▁compla int ▁for ▁physical ▁assault ▁and ▁gr iev ous ▁bod ily ▁harm ▁against ▁S util . ▁Force ▁India ▁owner ▁V ij ay ▁M ally a ▁refused ▁to ▁take ▁action ▁against ▁S util ▁until ▁the ▁case ▁proceeded ▁further , ▁but ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Force ▁India ▁announced ▁they ▁had ▁opt ed ▁not ▁to ▁renew ▁S util ' s ▁contract ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁would ▁field ▁reserve ▁driver ▁N ico ▁H ül ken berg ▁alongside ▁di ▁R esta . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁German ▁pro sec utors ▁announced ▁that ▁S util ▁would ▁stand ▁trial |
▁over ▁the ▁incident , ▁charged ▁with ▁assault ▁occasion ing ▁gr iev ous ▁bod ily ▁harm . ▁S util ▁was ▁conv icted ▁of ▁the ▁charge ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁received ▁an ▁ 1 8 - month ▁susp ended ▁prison ▁sentence , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁€ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁fine ▁that ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁don ated ▁to ▁char ities ▁" of ▁the ▁court ' s ▁choosing ." ▁S util ▁initially ▁had ▁planned ▁on ▁appe aling ▁his ▁conv iction ▁but ▁eventually ▁decided ▁not ▁to . ▁ ▁Lewis ▁Hamilton , ▁among ▁S util ' s ▁friends ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁was ▁also ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁night club ▁that ▁night . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁a ▁defence ▁witness ▁by ▁S util ' s ▁side , ▁but ▁Hamilton ▁did ▁not ▁appear ▁in ▁court ▁because ▁the ▁trial ▁coinc ided ▁with ▁the ▁launch ▁of ▁his ▁team ' s ▁car . ▁He ▁stated ▁he ▁could ▁attend ▁a ▁ret rial , ▁should ▁one ▁take ▁place , ▁as ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁occupied ▁on ▁the ▁scheduled ▁day , ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁friendship ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁drivers ▁ended , ▁with ▁S util ▁brand ing ▁Hamilton ▁a ▁" cow ard ." ▁ ▁S util ▁remained ▁without ▁a ▁seat ▁throughout ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Force ▁India ▁announced ▁that ▁S util ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁team ▁to ▁complete ▁their ▁driver ▁line up ▁alongside ▁Paul |
▁di ▁R esta . ▁He ▁finished ▁sevent h ▁at ▁the ▁season - open ing ▁, ▁impress ing ▁on ▁his ▁com eb ack ▁by ▁leading ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁la ps ▁throughout ▁the ▁race . ▁ ▁In ▁Malays ia , ▁he ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁race ▁following ▁problems ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁capt ive ▁wheel ▁nut ▁system ▁that ▁the ▁team ▁had ▁introduced ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁, ▁after ▁being ▁hit ▁by ▁Est eb an ▁G uti ér rez . ▁After ▁two ▁non - points ▁finish es ▁he ▁showed ▁a ▁respect able ▁performance ▁at ▁the ▁Mon aco ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁by ▁over t aking ▁the ▁world ▁champions ▁Fernando ▁Al onso ▁and ▁J enson ▁Button ▁to ▁finally ▁end ▁up ▁in ▁ 5 th ▁position . ▁ ▁Sa uber ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁announced ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁that ▁S util ▁would ▁join ▁Sa uber ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁six ▁races ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season ▁S util ▁strugg led ▁with ▁a ▁car ▁which ▁lack ed ▁pace ▁and ▁he ▁also ▁made ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁mistakes ▁which ▁lost ▁him ▁possible ▁points ▁finish es . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁dropped ▁and ▁replaced ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Formula ▁One ▁season . ▁ ▁Williams ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁S util ▁joined ▁Williams ▁as ▁a ▁reserve ▁driver ▁prior ▁to ▁the |
▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Malays ian ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁S util ▁was ▁appointed ▁after ▁Williams ▁driver ▁V alt ter i ▁B ott as ▁was ▁injured ▁during ▁the ▁, ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁wanting ▁an ▁experienced ▁race ▁driver ▁to ▁deput ise ▁for ▁either ▁B ott as ▁or ▁F eli pe ▁Mass a ▁to ▁maxim ise ▁their ▁construct ors ▁championship ▁points , ▁should ▁either ▁race ▁driver ▁be ▁unable ▁to ▁particip ate . ▁ ▁Racing ▁record ▁ ▁Career ▁summary ▁ ▁Complete ▁Formula ▁Three ▁Euro series ▁results ▁( key ) ▁( R aces ▁in ▁bold ▁indicate ▁pole ▁position ; ▁races ▁in ▁ital ics ▁indicate ▁fast est ▁lap ) ▁ ▁Complete ▁A 1 ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁results ▁( key ) ▁( R aces ▁in ▁bold ▁indicate ▁pole ▁position ; ▁races ▁in ▁ital ics ▁indicate ▁fast est ▁lap ) ▁ ▁Complete ▁All - J apan ▁Formula ▁Three ▁results ▁( key ) ▁ ▁Complete ▁Formula ▁One ▁results ▁( key ) ▁( R aces ▁in ▁bold ▁indicate ▁pole ▁position ; ▁races ▁in ▁ital ics ▁indicate ▁fast est ▁lap ) ▁▁ ▁Driver ▁failed ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁race , ▁but ▁was ▁class ified ▁as ▁they ▁had ▁completed ▁> 9 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁race ▁distance . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁F 1 F an atic . co . uk – ▁Who ' s ▁Who : ▁Ad rian ▁S util ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁St arn berg ▁Category : G erman ▁people ▁of ▁Uruguay an ▁descent ▁Category |
: G erman ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : G erman ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁Category : R acing ▁drivers ▁from ▁Bav aria ▁Category : G erman ▁racing ▁drivers ▁Category : G erman ▁Formula ▁One ▁drivers ▁Category : S py ker ▁Formula ▁One ▁drivers ▁Category : For ce ▁India ▁Formula ▁One ▁drivers ▁Category : Sa uber ▁Formula ▁One ▁drivers ▁Category : Form ula ▁B MW ▁AD AC ▁drivers ▁Category : Form ula ▁ 3 ▁Euro ▁Series ▁drivers ▁Category : J apan ese ▁Formula ▁ 3 ▁Championship ▁drivers ▁Category : Super ▁GT ▁drivers ▁Category : A 1 ▁Team ▁Germany ▁drivers <0x0A> </s> ▁Greg ▁Mc L ay ▁( born ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁cr ick eter . ▁He ▁played ▁six ▁first - class ▁matches ▁for ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 / 9 1 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁representative ▁cr ick eters ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Austral ian ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : New ▁South ▁Wales ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁W ag ga ▁W ag ga <0x0A> </s> ▁H up ▁Pa ▁Tat ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁valley ▁located ▁in ▁U th ai ▁Th ani ▁Province ▁in ▁Th ailand . ▁It ▁is ▁abund ant ▁with ▁lots ▁of ▁ex otic ▁plants ▁like ▁Ar eng a ▁P inn ata . ▁The ▁plants ▁expand ▁wild ly ▁in |
▁the ▁cord on ▁of ▁stal ag mit es ▁and ▁stal act ites . ▁During ▁the ▁vis its , ▁rare ▁animals ▁like ▁el ong ated ▁tort o ises ▁and ▁p ink ▁drag on ▁mill ip ede ▁might ▁be ▁found . ▁The ▁valley ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁K ao ▁Hu ai ▁S ok , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁mountains ▁in ▁a ▁lim estone ▁mountain ▁range , ▁compr ising ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁about ▁ 4 8 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters . ▁A ▁long ▁time ▁ago , ▁this ▁was ▁an ▁enorm ous ▁cave ▁until ▁the ▁ce iling ▁col lapsed . ▁Major ▁lim estone ▁blocks ▁scattered ▁on ▁the ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁confirm ▁this ▁theory . ▁S urr ounding ▁by ▁lim estone ▁mountains , ▁the ▁sun light ▁is ▁rest rained ▁from ▁reaching ▁the ▁ground ▁during ▁any ▁time ▁than ▁m idd ay . ▁ ▁The ▁place ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁a ▁local ▁mon k ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Later ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁the ▁mountain ▁has ▁been ▁bl asted ▁to ▁make ▁convenient ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁valley . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁cave ▁was ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁by ▁S unt it um g os ol , ▁a ▁local ▁mon k ▁at ▁Th am ▁Th ong ▁Temple . ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁he ▁clim bed ▁down ▁the ▁cl iff ▁and ▁found ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁many ▁Ar eng a ▁P inn ata ▁grow ▁in ▁that ▁area . ▁Which ▁the ▁Ar eng a ▁P inn ata ▁is ▁categor ized ▁as ▁an ▁ancient ▁tree ▁in |
▁the ▁same ▁family ▁as ▁pal m ▁trees . ▁He ▁has ▁d ug ▁off ▁and ▁bl asted ▁an ▁opening ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁this ▁place ▁has ▁become ▁a ▁conservation ▁area ▁to ▁develop ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁future ▁as ▁an ▁ec ot our ism ▁place . ▁The ▁Department ▁of ▁National ▁Park s , ▁Wild life ▁and ▁Plant ▁Conserv ation ▁recognized ▁the ▁uniqu eness ▁and ▁importance ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁and ▁took ▁place ▁under ▁its ▁cust ody ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁well ▁preserved . ▁ ▁Geography ▁and ▁climate ▁▁ ▁H up ▁Pa ▁Tat ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁Th am ▁Pr at un ▁Non - h un ting ▁area , ▁Lan ▁Sak ▁district , ▁U th ai ▁Th ani ▁city . ▁This ▁area ▁is ▁a ▁lim estone ▁mountain ▁range ▁that ▁exists ▁out standing ly ▁surrounded ▁by ▁flat ▁area ▁and ▁agricult ural ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁inhabitants . ▁This ▁lim estone ▁mountain ▁range ▁consists ▁of ▁ 5 ▁lim estone ▁mountains ▁which ▁are ▁K ao ▁Pla ▁Ra , ▁K ao ▁Ka ung ▁Ch ai , ▁K ao ▁No i , ▁K ao ▁Nam ▁Ch on , ▁and ▁K ao ▁Hu ai ▁S ok . ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁lim estone ▁mountain ▁range ▁surrounding ▁the ▁valley ▁is ▁K ha o ▁Hu ai ▁S ok , ▁which ▁is ▁connected ▁to ▁K ha o ▁Pl ara ▁mountain , ▁ 1 ▁kilometer ▁away . ▁The ▁surrounding ▁lim estone ▁mountain ▁is ▁layer ed ▁with ▁high ▁cl iffs ▁that ▁restrict ▁sun light ▁from ▁reaching ▁the ▁ground ▁during ▁any ▁time ▁other |
▁than ▁m idd ay . ▁These ▁lim estone ▁mountains ▁in ▁this ▁area ▁are ▁lim estone ▁in ▁the ▁Perm ian ▁era , ▁which ▁is ▁ 2 4 5 - 2 8 6 ▁million ▁years . ▁This ▁lim estone ▁mountain ▁had ▁been ▁ra ined ▁on ▁for ▁years , ▁got ▁dissol ve ▁by ▁the ▁rain ▁that ▁has ▁a ▁m ild ▁acid . ▁The ▁m ild ▁acid ▁rain ▁flow ed ▁in ▁between ▁the ▁crack ▁inside ▁Hu ai ▁S ok ▁Mountain ▁until ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁vast ▁cave ▁hole ▁inside ▁the ▁mountain ; ▁the ▁process ▁takes ▁about ▁ten ▁to ▁a ▁hundred ▁thousand . ▁This ▁cave ▁is ▁a ▁closed ▁cave ▁inside ▁the ▁mountain ▁which ▁humans ▁cannot ▁enter . ▁While ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁mountain ▁range , ▁is ▁a ▁forest ▁ful led ▁of ▁plants ▁in ▁ancient ▁times . ▁Until ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁unexpected ▁ ▁change ▁in ▁the ▁earth ' s ▁cr ust ▁that ▁ ▁made ▁the ▁ce iling ▁of ▁the ▁cave ▁col lapsed . ▁It ▁became ▁a ▁large ▁pit ▁inside ▁the ▁Hu ai ▁S ok ▁Mountain ▁which ▁the ▁high ▁of ▁the ▁edge ▁is ▁approximately ▁ 1 5 0 ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 ▁meters . ▁ ▁E col ogy ▁▁ ▁The ▁resulting ▁hum id ity ▁has ▁contributed ▁to ▁a ▁wealth ▁of ▁fl ora , ▁featuring ▁large ▁shr ubs ▁of ▁the ▁genus ▁Ex co ec aria ▁that ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁ancient ▁trees . ▁The ▁department ▁of ▁National ▁Park ▁stated ▁this ▁area ▁as ▁a ▁conservation ▁area ▁dual ▁to ▁its ▁ge ography ▁with ▁lots ▁of ▁ex otic ▁plants ▁such ▁as ▁C ary ota ▁ur |
ens , ▁ ▁Cro ton ▁ob long if ol ius ▁Ro x b ., ▁O xy cer os ▁hor rid us , ▁bal an op hor aceae . ▁Walk ing ▁along ▁the ▁ 7 0 0 ▁meters ▁path , ▁animal ▁foot print s ▁like ▁de er , ▁be ars , ▁bo ars , ▁or ▁t ig ers ▁cla w ▁marks ▁on ▁the ▁trees ▁can ▁be ▁seen . ▁El ong ated ▁tort o ises ▁and ▁p ink ▁drag on ▁mill ip ede ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁this ▁area . ▁The ▁P ink ▁drag on ▁mill ip edes ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁If ▁visited ▁during ▁the ▁ra iny ▁season , ▁around ▁August ▁- ▁November . ▁The ▁p ink ▁drag on ▁mill ip ede ▁has ▁a ▁bright ▁p ink ▁color , ▁looks ▁like ▁the ▁pol len ▁of ▁the ▁flower . ▁It ▁has ▁an ▁out standing ▁character ▁ ▁with ▁a ▁pattern ▁and ▁button ▁that ▁similar ▁to ▁a ▁drag on . ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁a ▁forest ▁with ▁high ▁hum id ity ▁and ▁abund ance . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁valley , ▁there ▁are ▁organized ▁walking ▁paths ▁along ▁the ▁way . ▁After ▁purch asing ▁the ▁ad mission ▁tick ets , ▁visitors ▁receive ▁flash light s . ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁clean ▁and ▁well ▁maintained , ▁including ▁a ▁par king ▁lot , ▁bath room , ▁a ▁k ios k ▁offering ▁coffee , ▁and ▁sh ops ▁for ▁sn acks ▁and ▁drink s . ▁During ▁week ends ▁at ▁the ▁entrance , ▁young ▁gu ides ▁from ▁a ▁local ▁school ▁are ▁available |
▁for ▁gu iding ▁and ▁tour ing ▁around ▁along ▁the ▁path . ▁ ▁Access ▁ ▁H up ▁Pa ▁Tat ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Th am ▁Pa ▁Th un ▁Non - H un ting ▁Area , ▁at ▁Mu ▁ 1 , ▁Th ung ▁Na ▁Ng am , ▁Lan ▁Sak ▁District , ▁U th ai ▁Th ani . ▁From ▁U th ai ▁Th ani , ▁take ▁Highway ▁ 3 3 3 , ▁U th ai ▁Th ani ▁– ▁N ong ▁Ch ang ▁route . ▁Then , ▁proceed ▁on ▁Highway ▁No . 3 4 3 8 , ▁N ong ▁Ch ang – L an ▁Sak ▁route . ▁It ▁is ▁ 5 0 . 6 ▁kilom eters ▁away ▁from ▁U th ai ▁Th ani ▁city . ▁A ▁ticket ▁for ▁Th ai ▁adult s ▁is ▁ 2 0 ▁ba ht , ▁while ▁for ▁children ▁it ▁is ▁ 1 0 ▁ba ht . ▁For ▁a ▁foreign er , ▁it ▁will ▁be ▁charg ing ▁at ▁ 2 0 0 ▁ba ht . ▁The ▁opening ▁hours ▁are ▁between ▁ 8 . 3 0 ▁a . m . ▁to ▁ 4 ▁p . m . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁U th ai ▁Th ani ▁Province ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁U th ai ▁Th ani ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁Tr ó nd ur ▁P atur sson ▁( born ▁ 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁in ▁Kirk jub ø ur ) ▁is ▁a ▁Far o ese ▁painter , ▁sculpt or , ▁glass ▁artist ▁and ▁advent urer . |
▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁in ▁Norway ▁and ▁was ▁initially ▁a ▁sculpt or . ▁He ▁has ▁since ▁become ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁painter ▁and ▁glass ▁artist . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁P atur sson ▁had ▁an ▁art ▁exhibition ▁at ▁the ▁John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ▁Center ▁for ▁the ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ; ▁it ▁was ▁an ▁installation ▁called ▁" M igration ", ▁featuring ▁approximately ▁ 9 0 ▁of ▁his ▁tra dem ark ▁st ained ▁glass ▁birds ▁in ▁the ▁Grand ▁Fo yer ▁windows ▁throughout ▁Nord ic ▁C ool ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁exhibition ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Nord ic ▁C ool ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁he ▁joined ▁Tim ▁Sever in ▁in ▁a ▁trans at l antic ▁voyage ▁in ▁a ▁rep lica ▁ 6 th ▁century ▁le ather - h ul led ▁cur rag h ▁named ▁Br end an . ▁The ▁boat ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁Irish ▁mon k ▁Saint ▁Br end an ▁who ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁made ▁the ▁same ▁voyage ▁centuries ▁before ▁the ▁Vik ings ▁and ▁Christopher ▁Columb us . ▁ ▁P atur sson ▁joined ▁Br end on ▁when ▁it ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁Far oe ▁Islands ▁and ▁replaced ▁another ▁crew man . ▁P atur sson ' s ▁home ▁was ▁at ▁Br andon vik , ▁the ▁Vik ing ▁name ▁for ▁Br end an ' s ▁Creek . ▁ ▁Hon our ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁Far o ese ▁Cultural ▁Prize ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Tr ó nd ur |
▁P atur sson ' s ▁website ▁( English ▁version ) ▁ ▁Category : Dan ish ▁st ained ▁glass ▁artists ▁and ▁manufact ur ers ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : F aro ese ▁pain ters ▁Category : F aro ese ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : F aro ese ▁expl or ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Kirk jub ø ur <0x0A> </s> ▁Pen ny well ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁UK ' s ▁largest ▁post - war ▁social ▁housing ▁schemes , ▁and ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁central - west ▁area ▁of ▁S under land , ▁Ty ne ▁and ▁W ear , ▁North ▁East ▁England . ▁Pen ny well ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁local ▁authority ▁housing ▁estate ▁in ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁S under land . ▁The ▁estate ▁mostly ▁built ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁to ▁replace ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁sl ums ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁S under land . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁Pen ny well ▁is ▁of ▁C elt ic ▁origin ▁and ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁mean ▁" well spring ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁hill ". ▁ ▁The ▁Pen ny well ▁estate ▁consists ▁of ▁nearly ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁homes , ▁around ▁ 1 1 % ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 0 , 7 0 9 ▁ ▁This ▁figure ▁is ▁consider ably ▁lower ▁than ▁in ▁previous ▁dec ades , ▁when ▁the ▁Pen ny well |
▁area ▁hous ed ▁over ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁Pen ny well ▁has ▁tradition ally ▁been ▁associated ▁with ▁high ▁crime ▁rates ▁since ▁the ▁estate ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁Kn ife ▁crime ▁and ▁anti - social ▁behaviour ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁growing ▁problem ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁The ▁estate ▁was ▁the ▁scene ▁of ▁a ▁murder ▁when ▁ 2 2 - year - old ▁Kevin ▁Johnson ▁was ▁fat ally ▁st ab bed ▁outside ▁his ▁house ▁on ▁Patrick ▁Road ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁hours ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Three ▁te en agers ▁were ▁conv icted ▁of ▁the ▁murder ▁six ▁months ▁later ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁imprison ment . ▁At ▁the ▁trial , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁after ▁st abb ing ▁Kevin ▁Johnson , ▁the ▁three ▁defend ants ▁had ▁gone ▁on ▁to ▁attack ▁another ▁man ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁and ▁also ▁dam aged ▁two ▁cars . ▁Mr ▁Johnson ' s ▁family ▁later ▁had ▁two ▁applications ▁for ▁criminal ▁inj uries ▁compens ation ▁rejected ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁contributed ▁to ▁his ▁own ▁death ▁by ▁leaving ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁his ▁home ▁to ▁confront ▁the ▁te en agers ▁about ▁their ▁no isy ▁behaviour . ▁A ▁third ▁application ▁for ▁compens ation ▁was ▁successful ▁and ▁the ▁Johnson ▁family ▁received ▁£ 5 , 5 0 0 ▁from ▁a ▁scheme ▁which ▁could ▁already ▁pay ▁a ▁maximum ▁of ▁£ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁claim ants . ▁ ▁In ▁April |
▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁The ▁Independent ▁newspaper ▁condem ned ▁Pen ny well ▁as ▁a ▁" no ▁go ▁area " ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁worst ▁places ▁in ▁Britain , ▁highlight ing ▁an ▁un emp loyment ▁rate ▁as ▁ 1 9 % ▁( around ▁twice ▁the ▁national ▁average ) ▁and ▁that ▁attacks ▁on ▁police ▁and ▁v andal ism ▁of ▁police ▁vehicles ▁were ▁a ▁frequent ▁occurrence ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁these ▁events , ▁the ▁Gent oo ▁Group ▁are ▁undert aking ▁a ▁massive ▁programme ▁of ▁renew al ▁and ▁reg ener ation ▁for ▁the ▁area ▁which ▁will ▁provide ▁a ▁high ▁standard ▁of ▁modern ▁housing ▁for ▁social ▁housing ▁ten ants ▁and ▁home own ers ▁al ike . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁phases ▁of ▁this ▁plan , ▁at ▁Water ford ▁Green , ▁are ▁near ing ▁completion . ▁ ▁An ▁industrial ▁area ▁on ▁the ▁western ▁edge ▁of ▁the ▁sub urb ▁has , ▁among ▁other ▁business es ▁Cal son ic ' s ▁injection ▁m ould ing ▁plant ▁and ▁the ▁S under land ▁E cho ▁building . ▁ ▁Pen ny well ▁Com pre h ensive ▁School ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁and ▁remained ▁open ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁It ▁was ▁finally ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁replaced ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁facility ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁site ▁– ▁Academy ▁ 3 6 0 . ▁P up ils ▁att ending ▁the ▁compreh ensive ▁school ▁were ▁members ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁four ▁houses ▁- ▁Str at ford ▁( green ), ▁Har well |
▁( blue ), ▁Ever est ▁( yellow ) ▁and ▁R unn ym ede ▁( red ). ▁The ▁school ▁bo asted ▁excellent ▁sport ing ▁facilities ▁including ▁several ▁full ▁size ▁football / rug by ▁pitch es , ▁an ▁all - we ather ▁athlet ics ▁track , ▁a ▁fully ▁equ ipped ▁sports ▁hall ▁( in cor por ating ▁five - a - side ▁pitch es , ▁basketball / net ball ▁courts ▁& ▁cr icket ▁n ets ), ▁fully ▁equ ipped ▁ind oor ▁g ymnasium ▁with ▁balance ▁be ams / cl im bing ▁ro pes / tr amp oline ▁har ness es , ▁out door ▁cr icket ▁pitch es , ▁tennis ▁courts ▁and ▁several ▁t arm ac ▁yard ▁areas ▁with ▁basketball ▁courts . ▁Class rooms ▁were ▁pre domin antly ▁located ▁in ▁four ▁five - store y ▁tower ▁blocks ▁( B , ▁C , ▁D ▁& ▁E ▁blocks ) ▁and ▁included ▁science ▁labor ator ies , ▁art ▁stud ios , ▁home ▁econom ics ▁k itch ens ▁and ▁IT ▁su ites . ▁The ▁new ▁school ▁( A cademy ▁ 3 6 0 ) ▁has ▁three ▁houses , ▁Oxford ▁( blue ), ▁M ow b ray ▁( green ), ▁Do x ford ▁( red ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : City ▁of ▁S under land ▁sub ur bs ▁Category : S under land <0x0A> </s> ▁Fe ather ed ▁Din osa urs : ▁The ▁Origin ▁of ▁Bird s ▁is ▁a ▁book ▁by ▁Australian ▁p ala e ont ologist ▁John ▁A . ▁Long ▁and ▁Peter ▁Sch out en ▁connecting ▁fe ather ed |
▁din osa urs ▁with ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁birds . ▁It ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁by ▁C SI RO ▁Press ▁( M el bourne ) ▁and ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press . ▁From ▁the ▁ISBN ▁numbers , ▁they ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁separate ▁print ings . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁previous , ▁different , ▁book ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁title . ▁It ▁is ▁by ▁Thom ▁and ▁Laur ie ▁Hol mes , ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁Ens low ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁. ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁non - f iction ▁books ▁Category : D in osa ur ▁books ▁Category : P ale ont ology ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁Kal ata k ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Kal ā t ak ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Kal ā t ak - e ▁K ū h - e ▁P ā ’ ī n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Si y ahu ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Fin ▁District , ▁Band ar ▁Abb as ▁County , ▁H orm oz gan ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 7 , ▁in ▁ 4 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Band ar ▁Abb as ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v ▁( ; ▁May ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁– ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Soviet , ▁Russian ▁painter , ▁graph ic ▁artist , |
▁art ▁teacher , ▁professor ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Institute ▁of ▁P ain ting , ▁S cul pt ure ▁and ▁Architecture ▁named ▁after ▁I ly a ▁Rep in , ▁People ' s ▁Art ist ▁of ▁USS R , ▁Cor respond ing ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁of ▁the ▁USS R , ▁who ▁lived ▁and ▁worked ▁in ▁L ening rad . ▁He ▁was ▁regarded ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bright est ▁represent atives ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁school ▁of ▁painting , ▁being ▁most ▁famous ▁for ▁his ▁port ra its ▁and ▁historical ▁paint ings . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v ▁was ▁born ▁May ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁in ▁the ▁port ▁city ▁B erd y ansk , ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁northern ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁Sea ▁of ▁Az ov , ▁of ▁south - east ▁Ukraine , ▁Russian ▁Empire . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁met ▁with ▁Bro d sky ▁and ▁by ▁his ▁inv itation ▁comes ▁to ▁L ening rad ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁study . ▁He ▁engaged ▁in ▁drawing ▁and ▁painting ▁under ▁Bro d sky ▁leadership , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁A K h R s ▁and ▁the ▁Community ▁of ▁Art ists . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁entered ▁the ▁first ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁painting ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Institute ▁of ▁P ain ting , ▁S cul pt ure ▁and ▁Architecture . ▁He ▁studied |
▁under ▁Mik h ail ▁Bern sh te in , ▁P avel ▁Na um ov , ▁Alexander ▁Lub im ov , ▁and ▁Vladimir ▁Ser ov . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Rep in ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts ▁in ▁Isa ak ▁Bro d sky ▁work shop ▁together ▁with ▁Ale k se i ▁G rit s ai , ▁Lev ▁O re kh ov , ▁Mik h ail ▁K oz ell , ▁G leb ▁V erner , ▁El ena ▁S ku in , ▁Nikol ai ▁Tim kov , ▁Bor is ▁Sher b akov , ▁and ▁other ▁young ▁artists . ▁His ▁gradu ation ▁work ▁was ▁the ▁historical ▁painting ▁of ▁" On ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁[ the ] ▁October ▁Revolution ▁( Me eting ▁of ▁Len in ▁and ▁St alin ) ". ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁Bel ou so v ▁had ▁participated ▁in ▁Art ▁Ex hib itions . ▁He ▁painted ▁genre ▁and ▁historical ▁paint ings , ▁port ra its , ▁land sc apes , ▁worked ▁in ▁eas el ▁painting ▁and ▁draw ings . ▁Most ▁famous ▁for ▁his ▁port ra its ▁and ▁historical ▁paint ings ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁image ▁of ▁Len in , ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁B ols he v ism ▁and ▁the ▁October ▁Revolution ▁in ▁Russia . ▁His ▁personal ▁exhib itions ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁V olog da ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁in ▁Moscow ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 4 0 , |
▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 – 1 9 8 9 , ▁Bel ou so v ▁taught ▁painting ▁and ▁drawing ▁in ▁the ▁Rep in ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts . ▁He ▁was ▁Professor ▁and ▁Head ▁of ▁Department ▁of ▁Draw ing ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁honor ary ▁titles ▁of ▁the ▁Hon ored ▁Art ist ▁of ▁the ▁R S FS R , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁- ▁the ▁Honor ary ▁titles ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Art ist ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁( 1 9 7 8 ). ▁Also , ▁Bel ou so v ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁the ▁Cor respond ing ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁of ▁the ▁USS R ▁( 1 9 7 9 ). ▁ ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v ▁died ▁in ▁L ening rad ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁P aint ings ▁by ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁res ide ▁in ▁State ▁Russian ▁Museum , ▁State ▁Tre ty akov ▁Gallery , ▁in ▁Art ▁Museum s ▁and ▁private ▁collections ▁in ▁Russia , ▁Ukraine , ▁England , ▁France , ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁and ▁throughout ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁L ening rad ▁School ▁of ▁P ain ting ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Russian ▁artists ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁ 2 0 th - century ▁Russian ▁pain ters ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁pain |
ters ▁of ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists ▁ ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁S . ▁I vens ky . ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v . ▁– ▁L ening rad : ▁Kh ud oz hn ik ▁R S FS R , ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁– ▁ 4 0 ▁p . ▁ ▁Art ists ▁of ▁the ▁USS R . ▁Biography ▁Dictionary . ▁Volume ▁ 1 . ▁– ▁Moscow : ▁I sk us stvo ▁Edition , ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁– ▁p . 3 4 6 . ▁ ▁Russian ▁P aint ings . ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Winter ▁Show . ▁– ▁London : ▁Roy ▁Mil es ▁Gallery , ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁– ▁p . 5 , 1 6 – 1 7 . ▁ ▁Ch arm es ▁Russ es . ▁Au ction ▁Catalogue . ▁– ▁Paris : ▁Dr ou ot ▁Rich el ieu , ▁ 1 5 ▁Mai ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁– ▁p . 3 8 . ▁ ▁L ' ▁E cole ▁de ▁Saint - P eters burg . ▁Catalogue . ▁– ▁Paris : ▁Dr ou ot ▁Rich el ieu , ▁ 2 5 ▁Jan vier ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Matthew ▁C . ▁B own . ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Russian ▁and ▁Soviet ▁P ain ters ▁ 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 8 0 s . ▁– ▁London : ▁Iz om ar |
▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁, ▁. ▁ ▁Vern ▁G . ▁Sw anson . ▁Soviet ▁Im pression ism . ▁– ▁Wood bridge , ▁England : ▁Ant ique ▁Collect ors ' ▁Club , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁– ▁p . 8 7 , 2 1 6 , 2 7 4 . ▁, ▁. ▁ ▁Serge i ▁V . ▁Ivan ov . ▁Un known ▁Social ist ▁Real ism . ▁The ▁L ening rad ▁School . ▁– ▁Saint ▁Petersburg : ▁N P - Print ▁Edition , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁– ▁p . 9 , ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 3 5 7 – 3 5 9 , ▁ 3 6 3 – 3 6 5 , ▁ 3 6 9 , ▁ 3 8 2 , ▁ 3 8 4 , ▁ 3 8 6 , ▁ 3 8 8 – 3 9 3 , ▁ 3 9 6 , ▁ 3 9 9 – 4 0 1 , ▁ 4 0 3 – 4 0 5 , ▁ 4 0 7 , ▁ 4 1 1 , ▁ 4 1 3 – 4 1 5 , ▁ 4 1 9 – 4 2 4 , ▁ 4 4 5 . ▁, ▁. ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁B erd y ansk ▁Category : Pe |
ople ▁from ▁T aur ida ▁Governor ate ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Russian ▁pain ters ▁Category : Russ ian ▁male ▁pain ters ▁Category : S ov iet ▁pain ters ▁Category : So cial ist ▁real ism ▁Category : So cial ist ▁real ism ▁artists ▁Category : L ening rad ▁School ▁artists ▁Category : Rep in ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ' s ▁Art ists ▁of ▁Russia ▁( visual ▁arts ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists ▁Category : H on ored ▁Art ists ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Federation <0x0A> </s> ▁Clay h id on ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁Mid ▁Dev on , ▁England . ▁The ▁parish ▁church ▁is ▁St . ▁Andrew s . ▁The ▁parish ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁Black down ▁Hills ▁and ▁its ▁northern ▁and ▁eastern ▁boundaries ▁form ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Dev on ▁– ▁Som erset ▁border . ▁From ▁the ▁south - east ▁it ▁has ▁boundaries ▁with ▁the ▁Dev on ▁par ishes ▁of ▁Up ot tery , ▁Lu pp itt ▁and ▁H emy ock . ▁ ▁Current ▁information ▁about ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁parish , ▁including ▁detailed ▁proceed ings ▁of ▁Clay h id on ▁Par ish ▁Council ▁since ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁a ▁community ▁website , ▁launched ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁A ▁parish ▁history ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁U ff cul me ▁library ▁and ▁an ▁old ▁map ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁the ▁Dev on ▁L ibr |
aries ▁Local ▁Studies ▁website . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Dev on <0x0A> </s> ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio , ▁also ▁sp elled ▁Bern al do ▁del ▁Car pio , ▁is , ▁since ▁the ▁beg inn ings ▁of ▁modern ▁historical ▁scholar ship , ▁a ▁legend ary ▁hero ▁of ▁the ▁medieval ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Ast ur ias . ▁In ▁contrast ▁with ▁El ▁C id , ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁real ▁person ▁( and ▁thus ▁could ▁be ▁whatever ▁the ▁cre ator ( s ) ▁wanted ▁him ▁to ▁be ). ▁Until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁and ▁the ▁lab ors ▁of ▁Ram ón ▁Men énd ez ▁P idal , ▁he , ▁not ▁El ▁C id , ▁was ▁the ▁chief ▁hero ▁of ▁medieval ▁Christian ▁Spain . ▁He ▁was ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁historical . ▁ ▁The ▁story ▁Supp osed ly ▁the ▁nep hew ▁of ▁Alfonso ▁II ▁of ▁Ast ur ias , ▁stories ▁feature ▁him ▁st riv ing ▁against ▁Alfonso ▁to ▁release ▁his ▁father ▁from ▁prison . ▁ ▁Other ▁stories ▁have ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁rival ▁and ▁sl ayer ▁of ▁Roland ▁at ▁Ron ces v aux . ▁ ▁Bern ardo ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁San cho , ▁the ▁Count ▁of ▁Sal da ña ▁and ▁D ona ▁X im ena ▁( Al f onso ▁II ' s ▁sister , ▁therefore ▁grand son ▁of ▁King ▁F ru ela ▁I ▁of ▁Ast ur ias ). ▁Alfonso ▁was ▁not ▁happy ▁with ▁the ▁marriage , ▁so ▁he ▁had ▁San cho ▁blind |
ed ▁and ▁thrown ▁into ▁prison ▁and ▁took ▁Bern ardo . ▁He ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁Alfonso ▁II ' s ▁court . ▁Every body ▁was ▁ordered ▁not ▁to ▁tell ▁the ▁young ▁Bern ardo ▁who ▁his ▁father ▁was . ▁ ▁Alfonso ▁invited ▁Char lemagne ▁into ▁I ber ia ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁Mo ors , ▁prom ising ▁to ▁name ▁him ▁as ▁he ir . ▁ ▁Bern ardo ' s ▁victory ▁at ▁Ron ces v aux ▁ended ▁that ▁plan . ▁ ▁But ▁Bern ardo ▁then ▁joined ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁Mo ors , ▁hoping ▁to ▁force ▁Alfonso ▁into ▁action ; ▁but ▁Alfonso ▁secret ly ▁had ▁San cho ▁killed ▁while ▁in ▁prison . ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁The ▁original ▁legend ▁of ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio ▁was ▁s ung ▁by ▁the ▁j ong le urs ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁León . ▁Later , ▁the ▁Cast ilian ▁poet ▁Pero ▁Ferr ús ▁( fl . ▁ 1 3 8 0 ) ▁mentions ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁cant ig as , ▁which ▁comb ines ▁the ▁theme ▁of ▁the ▁good ▁life ▁in ▁Cast ile ▁with ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁lo ores , ▁or ▁ly ric ▁pa e ans , ▁to ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁Greek , ▁Roman , ▁Bib lic al , ▁ch ival ric , ▁and ▁Arab ▁hero es . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 2 4 ▁Bern ardo ▁de ▁Bal bu ena ▁published ▁El ▁Bern ardo , ▁an ▁account ▁of ▁Bern ardo ' s ▁explo its . ▁It ▁is ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁master pie ces ▁of ▁Spanish ▁literature . |
▁ ▁In ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁Don ▁Qu ix ote , ▁C erv antes ▁has ▁the ▁protagon ist ▁especially ▁adm iring ▁Bern ardo ▁because ▁he ▁cr ushed ▁Roland ▁with ▁his ▁arms ▁alone , ▁although ▁the ▁context ▁is ▁clear ▁that ▁Qu ix ote ▁is ▁placing ▁too ▁much ▁cred ence ▁in ▁the ▁fant astic ▁stories ▁of ▁rom ance . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bur ton , ▁David . ▁The ▁Leg end ▁of ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio : ▁from ▁Chron icle ▁to ▁D rama . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁As ociación ▁cultural ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio ▁ ▁Category : Span ish ▁literature ▁Category : Leg end ary ▁Spanish ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Moh amed ▁El - K aw is ah ▁( born ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Lib yan ▁jud oka . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁ 6 0 ▁kg ▁event , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁by ▁Y eld os ▁S met ov . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Lib yan ▁male ▁jud oka ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁jud oka ▁of ▁Lib ya ▁Category : J ud oka ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Hotel ▁Pod ▁Or ł em ▁( Under ▁The ▁E agle ) ▁is ▁a ▁historical ▁hotel ▁building ▁on ▁G da ńska ▁Street ▁N ° 1 4 , ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of |
▁By dg osz cz . ▁ ▁Location ▁The ▁building ▁stands ▁on ▁the ▁eastern ▁side ▁of ▁G da ńska ▁Street ▁in ▁By dg osz cz , ▁near ▁D wor c owa ▁Street . ▁The ▁hotel ▁has ▁a ▁" U " ▁shape , ▁with ▁irregular ▁and ▁une ven ▁corners . ▁Its ▁foot print ▁is ▁del ine ated ▁by ▁ 2 ▁streets ▁( G d anska ▁and ▁Park owa ) ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁Park ▁Cas imir ▁the ▁Great ▁By dg osz cz ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Pr uss ian ▁period ▁Hot els ▁in ▁this ▁location ▁date ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁when ▁an ▁inn ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Gl isz czy ński ▁family ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁G da ń sk . ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 2 , ▁a ▁car p enter ▁of ▁the ▁Gl isz czy ń sk is ' ▁built ▁a ▁new ▁building ▁called ▁the ▁Hotel ▁" The ▁E agle " ▁() ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁old ▁one . ▁Hotel ▁" The ▁E agle " ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁hot els ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁sub urb ▁of ▁By dg osz cz , ▁then ▁officially ▁called ▁B rom berg . ▁ ▁Ar ound ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁August ▁Friedrich ▁Bern hardt , ▁a ▁b aker , ▁bought ▁the ▁building ▁and ▁a ▁nearby ▁piece ▁of ▁land . ▁Between ▁ 1 8 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 8 7 9 , ▁his ▁newly ▁created ▁company ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt , |
▁who ▁had ▁returned ▁from ▁Switzerland ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁taken ▁hotel ▁and ▁c ater ing ▁courses . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ▁married ▁Louise ▁Müller , ▁daughter ▁of ▁a ▁land l ord ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Schne ide m ühl , ▁who ▁had ▁a ▁very ▁substantial ▁dow ry . ▁A ▁part ▁of ▁this ▁dow ry ▁was ▁likely ▁inv ested ▁in ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ' s ▁house , ▁located ▁at ▁G d ans ks ▁street ▁ 1 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ▁commission ed ▁a ▁B rom berg - born ▁architect , ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki , ▁to ▁realize ▁his ▁new ▁hotel ▁project . ▁This ▁building ▁was ▁to ▁stretch ▁under ▁a ▁huge ▁sculpt ure ▁of ▁an ▁e agle ▁with ▁spread ▁wings . ▁Ś wię c icki ' s ▁design ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁similar ▁projects ▁from ▁Berlin ▁and ▁Mun ich . ▁As ▁a ▁signature , ▁Ś wię c icki ▁hid ▁his ▁self - port rait ▁among ▁the ▁row ▁of ▁alleg or ical ▁heads ▁ad or ning ▁the ▁fa ç ade . ▁The ▁property ▁was ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁When ▁completed , ▁the ▁building ▁became ▁the ▁largest ▁and ▁most ▁modern ▁hotel ▁in ▁B rom berg , ▁with ▁an ▁extens ively ▁detailed ▁fa ç ade ▁and ▁interior ▁decor ation . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁hotel ' s ▁bas ement , ▁the ▁restaurant ▁was ▁ad orn ed ▁with ▁v ault s ▁supported ▁by |
▁columns , ▁pan elling , ▁and ▁wall ▁paint ings ▁model led ▁after ▁the ▁latest ▁Mun ich ▁f ash ions , ▁with ▁nich es ▁for ▁se ating . ▁From ▁the ▁beginning , ▁the ▁building ▁has ▁been ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁electric ▁light ing , ▁steam ▁he ating , ▁and ▁a ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁lift . ▁The ▁facility ▁combined ▁the ▁functions ▁of ▁a ▁resident ial ▁area ▁( with ▁ 3 ▁six - rooms ▁a partment ▁of ▁a ▁high ▁standard ), ▁a ▁hotel , ▁and ▁a ▁commercial ▁space ▁( with ▁restaur ants ▁and ▁sh ops ). ▁Communic ation ▁between ▁the ▁different ▁areas ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁ 4 ▁network ▁of ▁st air cases ▁and ▁cor rid ors . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁le ased ▁to ▁the ▁Berlin ▁business man ▁Rudolf ▁Tr ill h ose . ▁ ▁Inter war ▁period ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁B rom berg ▁rejo ined ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Polish ▁Republic ▁and ▁renamed ▁By dg osz cz , ▁and ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁Polish ▁land l ord ▁and ▁tr ades man ▁Stefan ▁Maj ew icz ▁for ▁the ▁then - astr onom ical ▁sum ▁of ▁ 1 . 2 5 ▁million De utsch e ▁Mark . ▁During ▁the ▁inter war ▁period , ▁a ▁modern ization ▁of ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁carried ▁out ; ▁it ▁compr ised ▁installing ▁new ▁elev ators , ▁changing ▁the ▁dé cor ▁in ▁the ▁guest ▁rooms , ▁and ▁re building ▁the ▁d ining ▁room ▁by ▁adding ▁a ▁me zz an ine , |
▁new ▁pan elling ▁and ▁changing ▁equip ments . ▁This ▁renov ation ▁work ▁was ▁achieved ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁By dg osz cz ▁architect ▁The oph ilus ▁B ier n ack i . ▁In ▁those ▁years , ▁balls , ▁reception s , ▁concert s , ▁chamber ▁music ▁and ▁other ▁entertain ment ▁were ▁performed ▁in ▁two ▁different ▁h alls ; ▁" Columns " ▁and ▁" R asp berry ." ▁" Column " ▁Hall ▁was ▁famous ▁for ▁its ▁daily ▁concert s ▁of ▁popular ▁music , ▁played ▁by ▁the ▁By dg osz cz ▁or chestra , ▁and ▁the ▁restaurant ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ▁() ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁design , ▁me als ▁and ▁drink s . ▁It ▁was ▁here ▁that ▁ban qu ets ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁Marsh al ▁Pi ł s ud ski , ▁President ▁Woj cie ch owski ▁and ▁General ▁Hall er ▁were ▁given . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁social ▁el ite ▁met ▁at ▁its ▁" Cl ub ▁of ▁the ▁angular ▁Table " ▁( ), ▁among ▁them ▁Adam ▁Gr zyma ła - S ied le cki , ▁Kon rad ▁F ied ler , ▁Jan ▁P iech ock i , ▁Marian ▁Tur wid , ▁Henry ▁K um inek , ▁Stanisław ▁Le ś n iew ski . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁During ▁the ▁Naz i ▁occupation , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁Naz is ▁and ▁renamed ▁" D anz inger ▁Hoff "; ▁Er ich ▁Bl umm ▁became ▁its ▁director . |
▁From ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁south - west ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁re built ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁w iden ▁the ▁G d anska ▁street . ▁ ▁Commun ist ▁Poland ' s ▁era ▁After ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁By dg osz cz ▁by ▁Soviet ▁troops , ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁returned ▁to ▁its ▁former ▁own ers , ▁who ▁res umed ▁the ▁hotel ▁business ▁as ▁a ▁partners hip ▁under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁Stanis law ▁Lip ow icz . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁" n ational ized " ▁and ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁" So ci ety ▁of ▁Work ers ' ▁Univers ities ". ▁A ▁few ▁more ▁modifications ▁were ▁performed ▁to ▁the ▁ed ifice , ▁in ▁particular ▁to ▁the ▁att ics . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁the ▁Polish ▁state ▁travel ▁ag ency ▁" Or bis " ▁took ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ▁hotel . ▁The ▁times ▁when ▁Or bis ▁was ▁man aging ▁the ▁hotel ▁were ▁tre as ured ▁in ▁the ▁memory ▁of ▁the ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁By dg osz cz . ▁Ref ined ▁cu is ine ▁was ▁pra ised , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁prominent ▁guests ▁visited ▁the ▁hotel , ▁such ▁as ▁Arthur ▁Rub in stein ▁and ▁Kr z ysz to f ▁P end ere cki ), ▁and ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁a ▁substitute ▁for ▁international ▁contacts ▁in ▁the ▁times ▁when ▁Poland ▁was ▁cut ▁off ▁from ▁the ▁western ▁world . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 7 4 , |
▁the ▁property ▁is ▁registered ▁on ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁Polish ▁her itage ▁monuments . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁a ▁major ▁over ha ul ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁carried ▁out , ▁awarded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁Culture ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁restored ▁building . ▁ ▁Modern ▁period ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he irs ▁from ▁the ▁Maj ew icz ▁and ▁Kos icki ▁families ▁claimed ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁hotel ; ▁as ▁a ▁comprom ise , ▁a ▁limited ▁li ability ▁company ▁(" M aj ew icz ▁Hotel ▁Enter prise ") ▁was ▁created ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁with ▁various ▁individuals ▁holding ▁ 5 1 % ▁share , ▁including ▁the ▁he irs ▁of ▁the ▁pre - war ▁own ers , ▁and ▁Or bis ▁holding ▁the ▁remaining ▁ 4 9 %. ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁ranked ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁business ▁friendly ▁hot els ▁in ▁Poland ▁( ran king ▁developed ▁by ▁the ▁Business ▁Magazine ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ; ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁hot els ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁selected ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁business - friend ly ). ▁ ▁Architecture ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁has ▁ 5 ▁stories ▁and ▁a ▁bas ement . ▁Its ▁overall ▁shape ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁main ▁body ▁and ▁two ▁wings ; ▁the ▁North ▁and ▁South . ▁The ▁ed ifice ▁has ▁been ▁ere cted ▁in ▁E c |
lect ism ▁style , ▁with ▁Ne ob aro que ▁references ▁to ▁Rome ' s ▁Bar o que ▁forms . ▁Among ▁the ▁numerous ▁elements ▁that ▁ad orn ▁the ▁front , ▁the ▁large - size ▁sculpt ure ▁of ▁the ▁e agle ▁with ▁out st retch ed ▁wings ▁which ▁to ps ▁the ▁fa ç ade ▁is ▁the ▁hotel ▁symbol . ▁The ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ' s ▁fa ç ade ▁has ▁ 1 4 ▁windows ▁on ▁each ▁floor . ▁The ▁main ▁architect ural ▁horizontal ▁elements ▁are ▁b oss ages , ▁fr ie zes , ▁corn ices ▁and ▁bal con ies . ▁These ▁elements ▁are ▁bal anced ▁vert ically ▁by ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁decor ative ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁columns ▁that ▁run ▁through ▁the ▁entire ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁fa ç ade , ▁along ▁the ▁axis ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁entrance . ▁At ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁floor ▁is ▁a ▁log gia ▁with ▁at l antes ▁on ▁the ▁sides ▁to pped ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁floor ▁by ▁two ▁e agle ▁figures . ▁The ▁third ▁floor ▁windows ▁are ▁crown ed ▁with ▁l int els ▁ad orn ed ▁with ▁a ▁representation ▁of ▁a ▁woman ' s ▁head ▁on ▁a ▁solar ▁background . ▁On ▁the ▁south - western ▁corner , ▁large ▁at l antes ' ▁herm s ▁stand ▁at ▁ground ▁level . ▁ ▁The ▁hotel ▁inter iors ▁feature ▁many ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁references ; ▁in ▁the ▁lo bb y , ▁the ▁st air case ▁with ▁gold - color ed ▁st ained ▁glass , ▁the ▁door ▁handles ▁and ▁the ▁for ged |
▁hand rails ▁have ▁an ▁inter war ▁appearance . ▁ ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁four - star ▁hotel ▁category . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁had ▁a ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 3 9 ▁single ▁rooms , ▁ 3 2 ▁double ▁rooms ▁and ▁ 4 ▁lux ury ▁apart ments . ▁It ▁compr ises ▁a ▁restaurant , ▁" Column ", ▁and ▁ 5 ▁mult if unction ▁rooms ▁where ▁can ▁be ▁organized ▁ban qu ets , ▁balls , ▁con ferences ▁and ▁business ▁meet ings . ▁The ▁largest ▁rooms ▁are ▁the ▁Mal in owa ▁(" R asp berry "), ▁Business ▁Center , ▁and ▁Rot aria ńska . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁area , ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁also ▁created ▁many ▁other ▁buildings , ▁such ▁as : ▁ ▁O sk ar ▁E wald ▁Ten ement ▁at ▁G d anska ▁st . 3 0 ; ▁ ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁ten ement ▁at ▁G d anska ▁st . 6 3 ; ▁ ▁Ten ement ▁at ▁G d anska ▁st . ▁ 8 6 ; ▁ ▁Ten ement ▁at ▁Fre edom ▁Square ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁has ▁been ▁registered ▁on ▁the ▁P omer an ian ▁Heritage ▁List ▁( N ° 6 0 1 2 9 5 - reg . 9 0 / A ) ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Dist ingu ished ▁guests ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁By dg osz cz ▁ ▁G d anska ▁Street ▁in ▁By |
dg osz cz ▁ ▁D wor c owa ▁Street ▁in ▁By dg osz cz ▁ ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ▁ten ement ▁in ▁By dg osz cz ▁▁ ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Br ę cz ew ska - K ules za ▁D aria , ▁Der kow ska - K ost kow ska ▁Bog na , ▁Wy sock a ▁A .: ▁U lica ▁G da ńska , ▁Prz ew od nik ▁history cz ny , ▁By dg osz cz ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁▁ ▁J astr z eb ska - P uz ow ska ▁I w ona : ▁Hotel ▁„ Pod ▁Or ł em ", ▁K ron ika ▁By dg os ka ▁XIV ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁By dg osz cz ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁▁ ▁Par uck a ▁K ry st yna : ▁Z ab yt ki ▁By dg osz czy ▁– ▁min ik atalog , ▁„ T ifen " ▁K ry st yna ▁Par uck a , ▁By dg osz cz ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Web ▁site ▁of ▁Hotel ▁Pod ▁Or ł em ▁▁ ▁By dg osz cz ▁newspaper ' s ▁article ▁about ▁Hotel ▁Pod ▁Or ł em ▁ ▁Category : C ult ural ▁her itage ▁monuments ▁in ▁By dg osz cz ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁on ▁G da ńska ▁Street , ▁By dg osz cz ▁Category : Build ings ▁by ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁Category : Hot el ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in |
▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁Category : Hot els ▁in ▁By dg osz cz <0x0A> </s> ▁Events ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁in ▁Norway . ▁ ▁Inc umb ents ▁Mon arch : ▁Oscar ▁I ▁ ▁Events ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁literature ▁ ▁B irth s ▁ 2 2 ▁February ▁– ▁P eder ▁N ils en , ▁politician ▁and ▁Minister ▁( d . 1 9 2 1 ) ▁ 4 ▁August ▁– ▁Ste phan ▁S inding , ▁sculpt or ▁( d . 1 9 2 2 ) ▁ 5 ▁August ▁– ▁Al v ilde ▁P ry dz , ▁Norwegian ▁novel ist ▁( d . 1 9 2 2 ▁in ▁Norway ) ▁ 2 2 ▁August ▁– ▁Am al ie ▁Sk ram , ▁author ▁and ▁femin ist ▁( d . 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁– ▁Oscar ▁Am bro si us ▁Cast berg , ▁painter ▁and ▁sculpt or ▁( d . 1 9 1 7 ) ▁ 2 2 ▁October ▁– ▁Anders ▁Anders en , ▁politician ▁( d . 1 9 3 1 ) ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁– ▁Greg ers ▁Win ther ▁W ul fs berg ▁Gram , ▁jur ist ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . 1 9 2 9 ) ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁– ▁K ittel ▁Hal v ors on , ▁a ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁from ▁Minnesota ▁( d . 1 9 3 6 ) ▁ ▁Full ▁date ▁unknown ▁Hans ▁Kon rad ▁Fo os n æ s , ▁politician ▁and ▁Minister ▁( d . |
1 9 1 7 ) ▁Ax el ▁Otto ▁Krist ian ▁H agem ann , ▁politician ▁ ▁Death s ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁– ▁Christ en ▁S med , ▁black sm ith ▁and ▁mount aine er ▁( b . 1 7 9 7 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also <0x0A> </s> ▁Fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁is ▁a ▁formal ▁term ▁den oting ▁members ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁non - cler gy ▁profession als ▁who ▁are ▁committed ▁to ▁prepar ing ▁and ▁deliver ing ▁high ▁quality ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies , ▁which ▁are ▁not ▁closely ▁linked ▁to ▁any ▁religion ▁or ▁to ▁belief ▁in ▁an ▁after - life . ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁is ▁analog ous ▁in ▁Western ▁countries ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁( for ▁mar ri ages ). ▁ ▁It ▁began ▁in ▁Australia ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁On ▁ 1 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁the ▁Australian ▁att orney - general ▁Lion el ▁Mur phy ▁had ▁appointed ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁with ▁the ▁aim ▁of ▁creating ▁cer emon ies ▁of ▁subst ance ▁and ▁meaning ▁for ▁non - ch urch ▁people . ▁As ▁sec ular ▁( c ivil ) ▁marriage ▁cer emon ies ▁became ▁accepted , ▁first ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁other ▁Western ▁countries , ▁it ▁was ▁in ev itable ▁that ▁a ▁similar ▁philosoph ical ▁parad ig m ▁would ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁sec ular ▁fun er als . ▁ ▁Though ▁initi ated ▁in ▁Australia ▁the ▁program ▁and ▁the ▁process ▁has ▁been ▁followed ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁established ▁in ▁New |
▁Zealand , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁of ▁America . ▁ ▁Des cript ive ▁definition ▁A ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁is ▁an ▁individual ▁person , ▁quite ▁often , ▁but ▁not ▁necessarily , ▁an ▁author ised ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ant , ▁who ▁offers ▁to ▁perform ▁civil ▁fun er als ▁in ▁a ▁dign ified ▁and ▁cult ur ally ▁acceptable ▁manner , ▁for ▁those ▁who , ▁for ▁whatever ▁reason , ▁do ▁not ▁choose ▁a ▁religious ▁ceremony . ▁Civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁also ▁serve ▁people ▁who ▁have ▁religious ▁belief s ▁but ▁do ▁not ▁wish ▁to ▁be ▁buried ▁or ▁cre m ated ▁from ▁a ▁church , ▁temple ▁or ▁mos que . ▁More ▁frequently , ▁people ▁choose ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁because ▁they ▁wish ▁a ▁professional ▁person ▁to ▁co - create ▁a ▁service ▁cent red ▁on ▁the ▁person , ▁their ▁history ▁and ▁their ▁achiev ements . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁often ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁established ▁set - rit ual ▁cer emon ies ▁of ▁most ▁relig ions . ▁In ▁celebr ant ▁cer emon ies ▁dec isions ▁about ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁the ▁ceremony ▁are ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁the ▁dece ased ▁in ▁consult ation ▁with ▁the ▁celebr ant . ▁Therefore , ▁the ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁can ▁be ▁defined ▁as ▁a ▁profession ally ▁trained ▁ceremony - provider ▁who ▁works ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁wishes ▁of ▁the ▁client . ▁Depending ▁on ▁circumstances , ▁best ▁practice ▁is ▁usually ▁for ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁interview ▁the ▁family , ▁carefully ▁prepare ▁and ▁check ▁the ▁e ul |
ogy , ▁brief ▁those ▁persons ▁chosen ▁to ▁give ▁rem in isc ences , ▁and ▁finally ▁to ▁provide ▁resources ▁and ▁suggestions ▁that ▁will ▁assist ▁the ▁client ▁family ▁to ▁choose ▁the ▁most ▁appropriate ▁music , ▁video / photo ▁present ations , ▁quot ations ▁( po etry ▁and ▁pro se ), ▁symbols ▁and ▁movement ▁or ▁ch ore ography . ▁Sometimes ▁a ▁re he ars al ▁is ▁indicated ▁for ▁a ▁fun eral . ▁More ▁often ▁a ▁planning ▁session ▁is ▁sufficient ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁ceremony ▁that ▁is ▁delivered ▁is ▁the ▁one ▁that ▁is ▁planned . ▁In ▁this ▁task ▁the ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁works ▁in ▁co operation ▁with ▁a ▁fun eral ▁director . ▁ ▁Thus ▁the ▁celebr ant ▁is ▁usually ▁the ▁central ▁person ▁who ▁del ivers ▁the ▁ceremony . ▁He ▁or ▁she ▁is ▁the ▁facil it ator , ▁the ▁advis er , ▁the ▁resource ▁person , ▁the ▁co - cre ator ▁of ▁the ▁ceremony , ▁and ▁the ▁director . ▁ ▁A ▁celebr ant , ▁by ▁this ▁definition , ▁does ▁not ▁come ▁from ▁the ▁stand point ▁of ▁any ▁do ctr inal ▁belief ▁or ▁un bel ief . ▁A ▁trained ▁celebr ant ▁usually ▁oper ates ▁profession ally ▁on ▁the ▁principle ▁that ▁their ▁own ▁belief s ▁and ▁values ▁are ▁not ▁relevant . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁fun eral ▁- ▁Helen ▁Francis ▁An ▁acknowled ged ▁pione er ▁of ▁civil ▁C ele b ran cy , ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁claims ▁to ▁have ▁offici ated ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁ceremony . ▁This ▁was ▁in ▁the |
▁sense ▁that ▁the ▁client ▁sought ▁a ▁service ▁from ▁M essen ger , ▁as ▁a ▁government ▁appointed ▁civil ▁celebr ant , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁professional ▁ceremony ▁provider . ▁There ▁had ▁occasionally ▁been ▁sec ular ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁before ▁this ▁date , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁extremely ▁rare ▁and ▁inform al , ▁e . g . ▁some ▁words ▁spoken ▁at ▁the ▁gra ves ide ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁party . ▁In ▁general , ▁fun er als ▁were ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy ▁- ▁even ▁for ▁un bel ie vers . ▁For ▁example , ▁many ▁fun er als ▁for ▁non - bel ie vers ▁were ▁performed ▁by ▁the ▁Salv ation ▁army . ▁▁ ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁records ▁that ▁this ▁first ▁celebr ant ▁fun eral ▁was ▁for ▁Helen ▁Francis ▁( née ▁Gr ieves ) ▁on ▁ 2 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁at ▁the ▁Le ▁P ine ▁Fun eral ▁Par l our ▁in ▁Fer nt ree ▁Gul ly , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Melbourne ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Victoria . ▁Helen ▁Francis ▁was ▁a ▁young ▁woman ▁who ▁had ▁engaged ▁M essen ger ▁as ▁a ▁celebr ant ▁for ▁her ▁wed ding ▁to ▁Roy ▁Francis ▁some ▁four ▁weeks ▁previously . ▁Roy ▁Francis ▁convinced ▁M essen ger ▁that ▁just ▁as ▁his ▁wife ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁a ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁marriage , ▁she ▁was ▁similarly ▁entitled ▁to ▁a ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁fun eral . ▁Some ▁ 2 0 0 ▁people ▁attended ▁and ▁many ▁ur ged ▁M essen ger ▁to ▁continue |
▁the ▁work ▁as ▁" m uch ▁more ▁important ▁than ▁wed d ings ." ▁M essen ger ▁cred its ▁Dennis ▁Perry , ▁then ▁brother ▁in ▁law ▁of ▁Helen ▁Francis , ▁of ▁being ▁a ▁decis ive ▁influence . ▁ ▁The ▁inaug ural ▁association ▁of ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁ ▁Support ▁of ▁the ▁fun eral ▁industry ▁and ▁the ▁cler gy ▁From ▁this ▁time ▁on ▁some ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁began ▁to ▁quietly ▁and ▁carefully ▁offici ate ▁at ▁fun er als ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁asked ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁On ▁T ues day ▁ 3 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁a ▁group , ▁consisting ▁of ▁some ▁author ised ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁and ▁some ▁other ▁persons ▁formed ▁an ▁association ▁- ▁The ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁Association ▁of ▁Australia . ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁was ▁elected ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁president . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁and ▁cler gy ▁attended ▁as ▁support ive ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Association . ▁For ▁them ▁it ▁solved ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁appropriate ▁ceremony ▁prov iders ▁for ▁the ▁increasing ▁number ▁families ▁for ▁whom ▁a ▁religious ▁ceremony ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁an ▁authentic ▁option . ▁For ▁many ▁years ▁this ▁had ▁been ▁an ▁un com fort able ▁problem ▁for ▁which ▁there ▁had ▁been ▁no ▁good ▁solution . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁among ▁celebr ants ▁These ▁innov ations ▁soon ▁produced ▁a ▁bitter ▁controvers y . ▁In ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁death ▁and ▁fun er als ▁were ▁almost ▁tab oo ▁subjects , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁were ▁vis cer ally ▁opposed ▁to ▁being ▁associated ▁with ▁fun |
er als . ▁Most , ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁public ▁servants ▁of ▁the ▁Commonwealth ’ s ▁Att orney - General ’ s ▁Department , ▁viewed ▁the ▁situation ▁of ▁ ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁also ▁being ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁as ▁" using ▁their ▁appointment ▁as ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ants , ▁to ▁commer cially ▁explo it ▁vulner able ▁people ▁in ▁their ▁time ▁of ▁gr ief ". ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁those ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁who ▁had ▁attended ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁meeting ▁then ▁with d rew ▁their ▁support . ▁The ▁few ▁" mar riage ▁celebr ant ▁associations " ▁declared ▁their ▁opposition ▁to ▁fun er als . ▁However , ▁Lion el ▁Mur phy , ▁then ▁a ▁judge ▁of ▁the ▁High ▁Court ▁of ▁Australia , ▁encourag ed ▁M essen ger ▁to ▁go ▁out ▁into ▁the ▁" high ways ▁and ▁by ways " ▁and ▁find ▁non - mar riage ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁ful fil ▁the ▁soci etal ▁need . ▁▁ ▁Mur phy ▁ur ged ▁M essen ger ▁and ▁his ▁colle agues ▁to ▁prepare ▁each ▁ceremony ▁well , ▁to ▁charge ▁a ▁reasonable ▁fee ▁to ▁ensure ▁long ▁term ▁sust ain ability , ▁and ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁civil ▁ceremony ▁as ▁a ▁cultural ▁bridge ▁between ▁ordinary ▁people ▁and ▁the ▁rich ▁world ▁of ▁the ▁visual ▁and ▁performing ▁arts ▁- ▁especially ▁music , ▁English ▁literature , ▁and ▁poetry . ▁ ▁The ▁pione er ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁The ▁few ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁of ▁that ▁time ▁( 1 9 7 5 - 1 9 7 6 ) ▁involved ▁- ▁not ably ▁D ally ▁M essen ger |
▁III ▁and ▁Mar jor ie ▁M essen ger ▁- ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁and ▁months ▁following ▁( to ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁joined ▁by ▁non - mar riage ▁celebr ants , ▁Brian ▁Mc In er ney , ▁D iane ▁Store y , ▁Da wn ▁Dick son , ▁Jean ▁N ug ent , ▁Ken ▁Wood burn ▁and ▁Jan ▁Tul ly . ▁A ▁decis ive ▁influence ▁later ▁was ▁marriage ▁celebr ant , ▁mayor ▁of ▁Cro yd on , ▁and ▁public ▁advoc ate ▁Rick ▁Bar cl ay . ▁M essen ger ▁cred its ▁these ▁persons ▁with ▁establish ing ▁the ▁profession ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁throughout ▁the ▁western ▁world . ▁ ▁Setting ▁standards ▁and ▁prices ▁ ▁Stand ards ▁As ▁with ▁marriage ▁celebr ants , ▁public ▁accept ance ▁of ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁was ▁enthus i astic ▁and ▁rapid . ▁The ▁early ▁celebr ants ▁reported ▁the ▁commonly ▁expressed ▁need ▁of ▁non - ch urch ▁people ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁fun eral ▁that ▁was ▁personal ▁in ▁nature , ▁with ▁a ▁minimum ▁of ▁plat itudes , ▁and ▁also ▁a ▁personal ▁e ul ogy ▁that ▁was ▁well ▁prepared , ▁and ▁substantial ▁in ▁its ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁the ▁person ▁who ▁had ▁died . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁strong ▁ant ip ath y ▁to ▁mistakes ▁which ▁people ▁had ▁experienced ▁in ▁fun eral ▁services , ▁such ▁as ▁fact ual ▁errors : ▁the ▁dece ased ▁being ▁called ▁by ▁the ▁wrong ▁name , ▁or ▁a ▁mis pr on ounced ▁name , ▁as ▁was ▁characteristic ▁of ▁many ▁under - prep ared ▁and ▁rit ual |
istic ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁provided ▁by ▁the ▁churches . ▁The ▁public ▁also ▁required ▁that ▁music , ▁quot ations ▁and ▁individual ▁t ributes ▁be ▁appropriate ▁to ▁the ▁dece ased ▁person . ▁( C ler gy ▁were ▁then ▁induced ▁to ▁comp ete ▁with ▁these ▁standards ▁and ▁were ▁thus ▁led ▁to ▁provide ▁more ▁personal ised ▁cer emon ies .) ▁ ▁The ▁problem ▁of ▁fe es ▁The ▁new ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁needed ▁to ▁establish ▁working ▁relationships ▁with ▁the ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors , ▁whose ▁role ▁was ▁to ▁collect , ▁prepare , ▁and ▁store ▁the ▁bodies ▁of ▁the ▁dece ased . ▁Fun eral ▁direct ors ▁were ▁then ▁( 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ) ▁mostly ▁smaller ▁ ▁family ▁owned ▁fir ms . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁John ▁and ▁Rob ▁All ison ▁of ▁John ▁All ison ▁Mon k house ▁( M el bourne , ▁Victoria ) ▁were ▁particularly ▁support ive ▁of ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants . ▁So ▁was ▁the ▁active ▁ideal ist ▁Des ▁Tob in , ▁General ▁Manager ▁of ▁Tob in ▁Brothers ▁Fun eral ▁Par l ours ▁of ▁Melbourne . ▁The ▁fee ▁that ▁fun eral ▁direct ors ▁had ▁custom arily ▁paid ▁to ▁the ▁cler gy ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁fee ▁for ▁service ▁but ▁merely ▁an ▁" of fer ing ", ▁since ▁the ▁general ▁pres umption ▁was ▁that ▁the ▁client ▁was ▁a ▁church go er , ▁who ▁had ▁don ated ▁to ▁the ▁up keep ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy ▁all ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁life . ▁ ▁Fun eral |
▁C ele br ants ▁argued ▁that ▁those ▁who ▁required ▁a ▁personally ▁prepared ▁service , ▁which ▁required ▁many ▁extra ▁hours ▁of ▁prepar ation , ▁should ▁pay ▁more . ▁Rob ▁All ison ▁agreed , ▁and ▁a ▁two - t ier ed ▁structure ▁of ▁fe es ▁was ▁established . ▁The ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁fee ▁should ▁be ▁fixed ▁so ▁they ▁could ▁quote ▁costs ▁clearly ▁to ▁the ▁client . ▁The ▁resulting ▁two - t ier ed ▁fee ▁acknowled ged ▁that ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁had ▁no ▁other ▁sources ▁of ▁income ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁cler gy ▁had . ▁However , ▁this ▁happened ▁only ▁in ▁Victoria . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁other ▁states ▁of ▁Australia ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁celebr ants ▁any ▁more ▁than ▁they ▁had ▁decided ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁cler gy . ▁This ▁led ▁predict ably ▁to ▁uns atisf actory ▁standards ▁and ▁un in sp iring ▁fun eral ▁services . ▁See ▁below ▁under ▁" Austral ian ▁States ▁other ▁than ▁Victoria ". ▁ ▁Training ▁and ▁education ▁of ▁celebr ants ▁ ▁Training ▁It ▁also ▁became ▁clear , ▁as ▁fun eral ▁cele b ran cy ▁became ▁an ▁organ ised ▁profession , ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁appropriate ▁for ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁work ▁by ▁learning ▁from ▁one ’ s ▁mistakes ▁and ▁experience ▁while ▁‘ on ▁the ▁job ’ . ▁C ele br ants ▁observed ▁that ▁mistakes ▁made ▁in ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁could ▁leave ▁lif el ong ▁psych ological ▁sc ars . ▁It ▁was ▁clear ▁that ▁skills ▁such ▁as ▁cre |
ative ▁writing ▁and ▁public ▁speaking , ▁a ▁knowledge ▁of ▁suitable ▁po etic , ▁literary , ▁symbol ic ▁and ▁musical ▁resources , ▁an ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁pun ct ual ity ▁and ▁time , ▁appropriate ▁dress ▁and ▁similar ▁were ▁essential . ▁It ▁was ▁clear ▁that ▁a ▁formal ▁educational ▁and ▁training ▁process ▁was ▁required . ▁ ▁Education ▁Exper ien ced ▁celebr ants ▁maintained ▁it ▁was ▁cru cial ▁for ▁tra ine e ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁achieve ▁an ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁" gr ief ▁process " ▁and ▁how ▁it ▁impact ed ▁on ▁their ▁work . ▁The ▁Australian ▁lecture ▁tour ▁of ▁a ▁ren owned ▁scholar ▁in ▁this ▁area , ▁Elisabeth ▁Kü b ler - R oss , ▁organ ised ▁by ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁D iane ▁Store y , ▁received ▁wide ▁media ▁public ity ▁and ▁was ▁cred ited ▁with ▁changing ▁social ▁att itudes ▁to ▁death ▁and ▁dying . ▁Training , ▁in ▁the ▁inform al ▁sense , ▁began ▁by ▁constant ▁reflect ive ▁interaction ▁among ▁the ▁original ▁celebr ants ▁who ▁all ▁knew ▁each ▁other . ▁Later ▁on ▁when ▁more ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁were ▁attract ed ▁to ▁the ▁voc ation , ▁programs ▁of ▁sem in ars ▁were ▁set ▁up ▁by ▁celebr ants ▁B ever ley ▁Sil vi us , ▁D iane ▁Store y ▁and ▁Brian ▁and ▁T ina ▁Mc In er ney . ▁This ▁body ▁of ▁learning ▁was ▁later ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁courses ▁more ▁formally ▁prepared ▁by ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁C ele b ran cy ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁se cur ing ▁of ▁celebr |
ant ▁professional ism ▁It ▁was ▁agreed ▁that ▁ade qu ate ▁training ▁of ▁celebr ants ▁must ▁leave ▁them ▁capable ▁of ▁providing ▁the ▁standards ▁the ▁general ▁public ▁expected ▁such ▁as ▁full ▁personal ▁interaction ▁and ▁co operation ▁with ▁the ▁family , ▁careful ▁prepar ation ▁of ▁a ▁historical ▁and ▁personal ▁e ul ogy , ▁att ent ive ▁choosing ▁of ▁read ings ▁( po etry ▁and ▁pro se ), ▁music , ▁ch ore ography ▁( process ion als ▁and ▁re cess ion als ), ▁symbol ism , ▁and ▁an ▁appropriate ▁setting ▁and ▁place ▁for ▁the ▁ceremony . ▁Another ▁essential ▁was ▁that ▁C ele br ants ▁should ▁check ▁the ▁e ul ogy ▁and ▁the ▁ceremony ▁with ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁so ▁that ▁harm ful ▁mistakes ▁were ▁avoided . ▁In ▁short , ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁were ▁viewed ▁as ▁a ▁serious ▁responsibility ▁which ▁should ▁be ▁prepared ▁with ▁efficiency ▁and ▁attention ▁to ▁detail , ▁requiring ▁an ▁attitude ▁of ▁genu inen ess , ▁em path y ▁and ▁comp ass ion . ▁The ▁high ▁ide als ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁celebr ants ▁and ▁the ▁ones ▁who ▁slowly ▁joined ▁their ▁ranks ▁changed ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁fun eral ▁ceremony ▁scene ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁and ▁Victoria . ▁They ▁prof essed ▁to ▁offer ▁the ▁best ▁and ▁most ▁personal ▁fun er als ▁which ▁existed ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁world . ▁This ▁high ▁standard ▁is ▁well ▁acknowled ged ▁by ▁Professor ▁Tony ▁Walter , ▁lect urer ▁and ▁reader ▁in ▁Death ▁and ▁Society ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Reading ▁UK . ▁Professor ▁Walter ▁particularly ▁singles ▁out ▁for ▁comment ary ▁two ▁celebr |
ants ▁he ▁considered ▁out standing , ▁Brian ▁Mc In er ney ▁and ▁Rick ▁Bar cl ay . ▁ ▁T IME ▁Magazine ▁report ▁International ▁acknowled gment ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁a ▁compreh ensive ▁article ▁in ▁Time ▁Magazine ▁( Se ptember ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁reporting ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁" li ber al " ▁cities ▁of ▁Melbourne ▁( Austral ia ) ▁and ▁A uck land ▁( New ▁Zealand ) ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁" con duct ▁substantial ly ▁more ▁than ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁fun er als ." ▁It ▁reported ▁that ▁before ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁only ▁cler gy ▁fun er als ▁were ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁public ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁The ▁article ▁describes ▁celebr ant ▁fun er als ▁as ▁" int imate ▁and ▁personal ised ". ▁But ▁it ▁also ▁c ited ▁an ▁alternative ▁point ▁of ▁view ▁by ▁at he ist ▁soci ologist ▁Mira ▁Cr ouch ▁who ▁stated ▁that ▁celebr ant ▁fun er als ▁were ▁" ma w k ish ▁and ▁sentiment al ". ▁ ▁The ▁Australian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Civil ▁C ele br ants ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁the ▁‘ ’ Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁Association ▁of ▁Australia ’ ’ ▁had ▁become ▁the ▁‘ ’ Austral ian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Civil ▁C ele br ants ’ ’ . ▁This ▁new ▁body ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁welcome ▁marriage ▁celebr ants , ▁who ▁were ▁increasing ly ▁in ▁disag re ement ▁with ▁the ▁Mar riage ▁C ele br ants ▁Associ ations , ▁which ▁continued ▁to ▁opp ose ▁sec ular ▁fun eral ▁celebr |
ants . ▁An ▁active ▁marriage ▁celebr ant ▁with ▁a ▁public ▁profile , ▁Rick ▁Bar cl ay ▁was ▁voted ▁in ▁as ▁President , ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁as ▁Secretary , ▁and ▁Ken ▁Wood burn ▁as ▁Tre as urer . ▁These ▁three ▁admin ister ed ▁the ▁Institute ▁until ▁it ▁became ▁‘ ’ The ▁Australian ▁Federation ▁of ▁Civil ▁C ele br ants ▁Inc ’ ’ ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁Although ▁no ▁reliable ▁statistics ▁were ▁kept ▁In ▁Melbourne ▁or ▁Victoria ▁by ▁any ▁re put able ▁authority , ▁inform al ▁checks ▁of ▁the ▁fun er als ▁services ▁as ▁advert ised ▁in ▁the ▁Melbourne ▁newsp apers ▁by ▁celebr ant ▁John ▁Dean ▁concluded ▁that ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁about ▁ 8 2 % ▁of ▁all ▁advert ised ▁fun eral ▁services ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁were ▁performed ▁by ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants . ▁ ▁Australian ▁States ▁other ▁than ▁Victoria ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁states ▁of ▁Australia ▁other ▁than ▁Victoria ▁still ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁celebr ants ▁any ▁more ▁than ▁they ▁paid ▁the ▁cler gy ▁i . e . ▁a ▁low ▁" st ip end " ▁or ▁" of fer ing ". ▁The ▁results ▁were ▁predict able . ▁With ▁ ▁some ▁notable ▁exceptions , ▁very ▁few ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁were ▁prepared ▁to ▁put ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁pain st aking ▁time ▁and ▁effort ▁into ▁the ▁prepar ation ▁and ▁checking ▁of ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁that ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁standard . ▁Many ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁these ▁states ▁saw ▁celebr ants |
▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁their ▁income ▁and ▁were ▁open ly ▁host ile . ▁Several ▁fir ms ▁declared ▁every ▁member ▁of ▁their ▁staff ▁a ▁celebr ant . ▁O thers ▁employed ▁an ▁in - house ▁celebr ant ▁who ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁perform ▁ 1 3 ▁or ▁ 1 4 ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁per ▁week ▁— ▁comp elling ▁such ▁employees ▁to ▁resort ▁to ▁one - size - f its - all ▁imp erson al ▁cer emon ies . ▁A ▁" ce le br ant ▁fun eral " ▁in ▁these ▁context s ▁became ▁the ▁worst ▁option ▁available . ▁As ▁author ▁and ▁comment ator ▁Robert ▁L ark ins ▁put ▁it , ▁speaking ▁of ▁one ▁family ’ s ▁experience - ▁ ▁Geoff ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁religious ▁man ▁so ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁minister ▁of ▁religion ▁present , ▁just ▁a ▁celebr ant … ▁Sus anne ▁had ▁found ▁the ▁fun eral ▁experience ▁to ▁be ▁deeply ▁diss atisf ying . ▁ ▁As ▁church ▁attend ances ▁decl ined , ▁fun eral ▁direct ors ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁pushed ▁non - ch urch ▁people ▁into ▁organ ising ▁" family ▁cer emon ies ". ▁A ▁few ▁families ▁proved ▁capable ▁of ▁this , ▁but ▁most ▁were ▁not . ▁ ▁A ▁further ▁decl ine ▁in ▁standards ▁in ▁Australia ▁As ▁infl ation ▁took ▁hold ▁during ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁money ▁decl ined . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁Australia , ▁who ▁effectively ▁controlled ▁fe es ▁for ▁celebr ants , ▁held ▁out ▁against ▁any ▁increases ▁in |
▁pay ments . ▁ ▁The ▁loss ▁of ▁support ▁for ▁celebr ants ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ret ire ments ▁of ▁ideal ist ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁such ▁as ▁Rob ▁and ▁John ▁All ison ▁and ▁Des mond ▁Tob in ▁was ▁keen ly ▁felt . ▁The ▁take over ▁of ▁the ▁small ▁and ▁middle ▁size ▁Fun eral ▁Comp an ies ▁by ▁the ▁mult in ational ▁company ▁Inv oc are ▁Limited , ▁meant ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁interest ▁in ▁any ▁celebr ant ▁standards ▁of ▁ceremony . ▁L ark ins ▁lists ▁five ▁pages ▁of ▁Fun eral ▁Hom es ▁purchased ▁by ▁Inv oc are ▁Limited ▁ ▁including ▁such ▁names ▁as ▁Sim p licity ▁Fun er als , ▁White ▁Lady ▁Fun er als , ▁Tob in ▁Brothers ▁Fun er als ▁and ▁Le ▁P ine ▁Fun er als . ▁All ▁these ▁smaller ▁fir ms ▁kept ▁their ▁original ▁names , ▁thus ▁mis leading ▁the ▁public ▁as ▁to ▁ownership . ▁Not with standing ▁the ▁above , ▁a ▁core ▁group ▁of ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁throughout ▁Australia ▁still ▁provide ▁the ▁public ▁with ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁ide als . ▁ ▁Fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁in ▁N Z , ▁UK ▁and ▁USA ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁New ▁Zealand ▁followed ▁Australia ▁in ▁establish ing ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁and ▁have ▁had ▁an ▁un tr ouble d ▁history . ▁The ▁Human ist ▁Society ▁of ▁England ▁and ▁Scotland , ▁after ▁many ▁vis its ▁to ▁Australia ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁established ▁a ▁wide |
▁network ▁of ▁quality ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁character ised ▁by ▁a ▁strong ▁non - rel ig ious ▁st ance . ▁O thers ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁have ▁set ▁themselves ▁up ▁as ▁Civil ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Australian / V ict or ian ▁model . ▁They ▁are ▁gain ing ▁wide ▁accept ance ▁particularly ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁trained ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Society ▁of ▁C ele br ants . ▁The ▁USA ▁C ele br ant ▁Foundation , ▁established ▁by ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁the ▁Australian - based ▁International ▁College ▁of ▁C ele b ran cy ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁has ▁emer ged ▁as ▁the ▁leading ▁organisation ▁in ▁training ▁and ▁educ ating ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁in ▁the ▁USA . ▁Origin ally ▁a ▁force ▁for ▁sec ular ▁wed ding ▁and ▁naming ▁cer emon ies , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁some ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁in ▁the ▁USA ▁have ▁become ▁more ▁involved ▁in ▁high ▁standard ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁culture ▁Category : Fun er als <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁Che w ▁( DD - 1 0 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁She ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁Samuel ▁Che w . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁Che w ▁operated ▁along ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁pat rol ▁and ▁training ▁duties , ▁including ▁esc ort ing ▁a |
▁trans at l antic ▁voyage ▁of ▁Curt iss ▁NC ▁se ap lan es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁she ▁was ▁recomm ission ed ▁and ▁operated ▁out ▁of ▁Pear l ▁Har bor . ▁During ▁the ▁ 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor , ▁she ▁brought ▁her ▁guns ▁to ▁bear ▁against ▁aircraft ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ▁of ▁Japan , ▁and ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁men ▁were ▁killed ▁helping ▁to ▁man ▁the ▁batt les hip ▁. ▁For ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁Che w ▁operated ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁port ▁on ▁esc ort ▁and ▁pat rol ▁duties , ▁until ▁she ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁Design ▁and ▁construction ▁▁ ▁Che w ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 1 1 1 ▁s ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁She , ▁along ▁with ▁seven ▁of ▁her ▁sister s , ▁were ▁constructed ▁at ▁Union ▁Iron ▁Works ▁ship y ards ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁California ▁using ▁specific ations ▁and ▁detail ▁designs ▁drawn ▁up ▁by ▁Beth le hem ▁Ste el . ▁ ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁standard ▁disp lacement ▁of ▁ ▁an ▁overall ▁length ▁of ▁, ▁a ▁beam ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁dra ug ht ▁of ▁. ▁On ▁tri als , ▁ ▁reached ▁a ▁speed ▁of ▁. ▁She ▁was ▁armed ▁with ▁four ▁ 4 "/ 5 0 ▁cal iber ▁guns ▁and ▁twelve ▁ ▁tor ped o ▁tub es . ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁regular ▁crew ▁complement |
▁of ▁ 1 1 3 ▁officers ▁and ▁en list ed ▁men . ▁She ▁was ▁driven ▁by ▁two ▁Curt is ▁steam ▁tur b ines ▁power ed ▁by ▁four ▁Y arrow ▁bo ilers . ▁ ▁Specific s ▁on ▁Che ws ▁performance ▁are ▁not ▁known , ▁but ▁she ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁of ▁W ick es - class ▁destroy ers ▁designed ▁by ▁Beth le hem ▁Ste el , ▁built ▁from ▁a ▁different ▁design ▁than ▁the ▁' L iber ty ▁type ' ▁destroy ers ▁constructed ▁from ▁detail ▁designs ▁drawn ▁up ▁by ▁Bath ▁Iron ▁Works , ▁which ▁used ▁Par s ons ▁or ▁West ing house ▁tur b ines . ▁The ▁non - ' L iber ty ' ▁type ▁destroy ers ▁d eter ior ated ▁badly ▁in ▁service , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁all ▁ 6 0 ▁of ▁this ▁group ▁were ▁retired ▁by ▁the ▁Navy . ▁Act ual ▁performance ▁of ▁these ▁ships ▁was ▁far ▁below ▁intended ▁specific ations ▁especially ▁in ▁fuel ▁economy , ▁with ▁most ▁only ▁able ▁to ▁make ▁ ▁at ▁ ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁design ▁standard ▁of ▁ ▁at ▁. ▁The ▁class ▁also ▁suffered ▁problems ▁with ▁turning ▁and ▁weight . ▁ ▁Che w ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁ship ▁commission ed ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁named ▁for ▁Samuel ▁Che w , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁Cont inental ▁Navy ▁officer ▁killed ▁in ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁War . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁Che w ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁out ▁of ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁spons ored ▁by |
▁F . ▁X . ▁G yg ax . ▁She ▁was ▁commission ed ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Commander ▁J . ▁H . ▁Klein ▁Jr . ▁ ▁She ▁sa iled ▁for ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁and ▁arrived ▁in ▁port ▁at ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁After ▁brief ▁rep airs ▁at ▁port ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁ref res her ▁training ▁at ▁Gu ant an amo ▁Bay ▁Naval ▁Base , ▁she ▁cleared ▁New ▁York ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁and ▁emb ark ed ▁as ▁an ▁esc ort ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁trans at l antic ▁se ap lane ▁flight , ▁made ▁by ▁Curt iss ▁NC - 4 ▁aircraft . ▁Following ▁this ▁duty , ▁she ▁visited ▁to ▁the ▁Az ores , ▁Gib ral tar , ▁Mal ta , ▁and ▁Constantin ople ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁on ▁ 5 ▁June . ▁After ▁rep airs , ▁she ▁ste amed ▁for ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California , ▁leaving ▁New ▁York ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁and ▁arriv ing ▁in ▁San ▁Diego ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁October . ▁Begin ning ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁she ▁was ▁placed ▁in ▁reduced ▁commission , ▁operating ▁only ▁inf re qu ently ▁with ▁Naval ▁res erv ists ▁of ▁Reserve ▁Division ▁ 1 0 ▁until ▁she ▁was ▁placed ▁out ▁of ▁commission ▁on |
▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁mobil ization ▁effort ▁preceding ▁the ▁U . S . ▁entry ▁into ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁Che w ▁was ▁recomm ission ed ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁assigned ▁to ▁Def ense ▁Force , ▁ 1 4 th ▁Naval ▁District . ▁She ▁arrived ▁at ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁which ▁she ▁made ▁her ▁home ▁port . ▁She ▁spent ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁conduct ing ▁pat rol s ▁and ▁had ▁training ▁duty ▁from ▁Pear l ▁Har bor . ▁She ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁Dest roy er ▁Division ▁ 8 0 , ▁with ▁sister ▁ships ▁, ▁, ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁ 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁Che w ▁was ▁mo ored ▁in ▁Ber th ▁X - 5 , ▁alongside ▁Allen ▁and ▁the ▁de comm ission ed ▁, ▁which ▁was ▁being ▁used ▁for ▁storage . ▁At ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁by ▁the ▁Empire ▁of ▁Japan ▁that ▁morning , ▁Che w ▁brought ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁ 3 "/ 2 3 ▁cal iber ▁guns ▁online ▁and ▁began ▁firing ▁at ▁ 0 8 : 0 3 , ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁her ▁executive ▁officer . ▁At ▁ 0 8 : 1 1 , ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁. 5 0 ▁cal iber ▁machine ▁guns ▁were ▁also ▁brought ▁online ▁and ▁began ▁firing . ▁The ▁ ▁gun ▁scored ▁one ▁Japanese ▁aircraft ▁shot |
▁down ▁and ▁two ▁dam aged , ▁and ▁the ▁machine ▁guns ▁observed ▁no ▁hits . ▁Che w ▁maintained ▁continuous ▁fire ▁from ▁these ▁weapons ▁until ▁ 0 9 : 3 4 , ▁when ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁aircraft ▁depart ed . ▁She ▁then ▁got ▁under way ▁and ▁began ▁pat rolling ▁for ▁Japanese ▁sub marine ▁activity , ▁just ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁port ▁entrance ▁bu oy . ▁She ▁ping ed ▁eight ▁possible ▁contacts ▁and ▁dropped ▁ 2 8 ▁depth ▁charges , ▁which ▁her ▁commander , ▁H . ▁R . ▁Hum mer , ▁Jr ., ▁reported ▁two ▁Japanese ▁sub mar ines ▁destroyed . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁evidence ▁does ▁not ▁suggest ▁Che w ▁struck ▁any ▁Japanese ▁sub mar ines . ▁In ▁the ▁cha os ▁of ▁the ▁attack , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁Che w ▁crew ▁members ▁also ▁dis emb ark ed ▁and ▁came ▁ab o ard ▁nearby ▁batt les hip ▁, ▁which ▁was ▁in ▁dry d ock , ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁man ning ▁guns , ▁forming ▁am mun ition ▁trains , ▁and ▁fighting ▁fires . ▁A board ▁Pennsylvania , ▁two ▁Che w ▁crew man ▁were ▁killed ▁in ▁def ending ▁the ▁ship , ▁Se aman ▁Second ▁Class ▁Matthew ▁J . ▁Ag ola ▁and ▁Fire man ▁Third ▁Class ▁Clar ence ▁A . ▁W ise . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁through ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁Che w ▁operated ▁out ▁of ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁on ▁pat rol . ▁She ▁took ▁on ▁periodic ▁esc ort ▁duties ▁among ▁the ▁Hawai ian ▁Islands ▁and ▁on ▁training ▁duty ▁for |
▁sub mar ines . ▁She ▁made ▁occas ional ▁tri ps ▁to ▁San ▁Francisco ▁and ▁Seattle ▁esc ort ing ▁con vo ys ▁and ▁screen ing ▁for ▁other ▁Navy ▁ships , ▁inter - is land ▁esc ort , ▁and ▁sub marine ▁training ▁duty . ▁Following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁she ▁depart ed ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁arrived ▁at ▁Philadelphia ▁ 1 3 ▁September . ▁She ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁there ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁and ▁sold ▁for ▁sc rap ▁on ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁Che w ▁received ▁one ▁battle ▁star ▁for ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁service . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁destroy ers ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Nav Source ▁Ph otos ▁ ▁USS ▁Che w ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁A AR ▁ ▁Category : W ick es - class ▁destroy ers ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁destroy ers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Sh ips ▁present ▁during ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁Object ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁studio ▁album ▁from ▁the ▁du o ▁No ▁Age ▁and ▁third ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁through ▁Sub ▁Pop . ▁The ▁band ▁phys ically ▁created , ▁printed , ▁pack aged , ▁and ▁manufact ured ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁units ▁of ▁the ▁record ▁themselves |
. ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁recording ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁R andy ▁Rand all ▁- ▁Compos er ▁Dean ▁Sp unt ▁- ▁Compos er ▁Fac undo ▁B erm ude z ▁- ▁Produ cer , ▁Engine er ▁P ete ▁L yman ▁- ▁Master ing ▁Isaac ▁Take uch i ▁- ▁C ello ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : No ▁Age ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁albums ▁Category : Sub ▁Pop ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁" Dan cing ▁Your ▁Memory ▁A way " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁recorded ▁by ▁American ▁country ▁music ▁artist ▁Char ly ▁McC lain . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁To o ▁Good ▁to ▁Hur ry . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁reached ▁number ▁three ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁Hot ▁Country ▁Singles ▁& ▁Tra cks ▁chart . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Edd ie ▁Bur ton ▁and ▁Thomas ▁Alan ▁Grant ▁for ▁Bar n wood ▁Music ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁owned ▁by ▁H ori Pro ▁Entertainment . ▁" Dan cing ▁Your ▁Memory ▁A way " ▁also ▁won ▁two ▁B MI ▁awards , ▁one ▁at ▁the ▁country ▁awards ▁in ▁Nash ville ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁at ▁the ▁pop ▁awards ▁in ▁B ever ly ▁Hills , ▁CA . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Tam my ▁W yn ette ▁for ▁her ▁So ft ▁Touch ▁album . ▁The ▁Char ly ▁McC lain ▁version ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Nor ro ▁Wilson . ▁It ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁different ▁artists ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance |
▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁singles ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁songs ▁Category : T am my ▁W yn ette ▁songs ▁Category : Char ly ▁McC lain ▁songs ▁Category : S ong ▁record ings ▁produced ▁by ▁Nor ro ▁Wilson ▁Category : E pic ▁Records ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Al ad ▁is ▁an ▁island ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁The ▁Philipp ine ▁third - class ▁municipality ▁of ▁Rom bl on ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁Al ad ▁and ▁on ▁Rom bl on , ▁Cob r ador , ▁and ▁Log bon ▁Islands . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁islands ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Is lands ▁of ▁Rom bl on <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁( May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁- ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Cleveland , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company ▁and ▁co - found er ▁of ▁San ford - Her bert ▁Motor ▁T ruck ▁Company ▁in ▁Sy rac use , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Biography ▁San ford ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Cleveland , ▁Ohio , ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁The odore ▁S . ▁San ford ▁and ▁Arab ella ▁F ent on ▁San ford . ▁His ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁" leading ▁figure " ▁in ▁the ▁bank ing ▁and ▁financial ▁circles ▁of ▁the ▁Ohio ▁metropol is . ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁ |
▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford , ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁known , ▁was ▁" so ▁eager ▁to ▁get ▁into ▁the ▁business ▁field ▁in ▁which ▁his ▁father ▁had ▁succeeded " ▁that , ▁on ▁gradu ation ▁from ▁Cleveland ▁public ▁schools , ▁he ▁took ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁a ▁mess enger ▁for ▁the ▁German - American ▁Sav ings ▁Bank . ▁ ▁He ▁worked ▁there ▁for ▁a ▁year ▁and ▁then ▁became ▁a ▁cl erk ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Reserve ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Cleveland , ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁until ▁its ▁mer ger ▁with ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁Com merce ▁National ▁Association . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁there , ▁he ▁rose ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁" pay ing ▁tell er " ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁mer ger ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁a ▁" rece iving ▁tell er " ▁and ▁later , ▁" ass istant ▁c ash ier ". ▁ ▁Bank ▁president ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁he ▁became ▁" c ash ier " ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Sy rac use ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁in ▁that ▁position ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁firm . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Sy rac use ▁was ▁am alg am ated ▁with ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁he ▁became ▁vice - pres ident ▁of ▁the ▁combined ▁bank ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁president ▁two ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁San ford ▁spent ▁another ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁as ▁executive ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁large ▁Up |
state , ▁New ▁York ▁bank ▁as ▁a ▁" fin anci er ▁of ▁prest ige ", ▁not ▁only ▁in ▁his ▁adopted ▁state , ▁but ▁far ▁beyond ▁its ▁conf ines . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company ▁had ▁two ▁branches , ▁one ▁at ▁ 3 3 0 ▁South ▁Warren ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁at ▁ 5 0 9 ▁North ▁Sal ina ▁Street ▁in ▁Sy rac use . ▁The ▁company ▁was ▁renamed ▁to ▁Marine ▁Mid land ▁Trust ▁Company ▁of ▁Central ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁and ▁Marine ▁Mid land ▁Bank ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁bank ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁H SB C ▁Bank ▁USA . ▁ ▁San ford - Her bert ▁tr uck s ▁ ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁San ford - Her bert ▁Motor ▁T ruck ▁Company ▁in ▁Sy rac use , ▁New ▁York , ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 . ▁He ▁succeeded ▁the ▁late ▁J . ▁Frank ▁Dur ston ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁concern ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁ ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁active ▁business ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁but ▁remained ▁as ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁direct ors ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company . ▁San ford ▁was ▁succeeded ▁in ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁by ▁Harry ▁W . ▁Dav ies . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Alice ▁Dur ston |
▁San ford ▁and ▁had ▁two ▁sons ; ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford , ▁Jr ., ▁and ▁Dur ston ▁San ford ▁and ▁one ▁daughter , ▁A de le ▁San ford . ▁He ▁also ▁had ▁two ▁grand children ; ▁Samuel ▁Cook ▁San ford ▁and ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁III . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁lif el ong ▁Republican . ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Liber ty ▁Lo an ▁sales , ▁in ▁Red ▁Cross ▁drives ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁Ch est ▁campaign . ▁ ▁San ford ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce , ▁the ▁Century ▁Club ▁and ▁the ▁On ond aga ▁G olf ▁and ▁Country ▁Club . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁died ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁at ▁age ▁ 6 8 . ▁Fun eral ▁services ▁were ▁held ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁at ▁ 2 1 5 ▁Map le ▁Drive ▁in ▁De W itt , ▁New ▁York , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Sy rac use . ▁He ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁poor ▁health ▁for ▁several ▁years . ▁San ford ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁Oak wood ▁C emetery ▁in ▁Sy rac use ▁after ▁services ▁at ▁First ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Sy rac use , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Cleveland ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁Oak wood ▁C emetery ▁( S y rac use , ▁New ▁York ) ▁Category : 1 8 7 |
3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁Brigade ▁( Un ited ▁Kingdom ) ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁( Sp ain ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Sh and ong ▁coal ▁mine ▁flo od ▁was ▁an ▁incident ▁that ▁occurred ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁in ▁X int ai , ▁Sh and ong , ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China , ▁when ▁heavy ▁rain ▁caused ▁a ▁river ▁to ▁burst ▁a ▁le vee ▁creating ▁a ▁flo od ▁into ▁two ▁mine ▁sh aft s . ▁ ▁By ▁ 8 : 5 0 ▁am ▁( 1 : 5 0 G MT ), ▁the ▁mine ▁was ▁in und ated ▁under water . ▁ ▁Dam ages ▁and ▁cas ual ties ▁More ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 mm ▁of ▁rain ▁had ▁fallen ▁in ▁X int ai , ▁causing ▁a ▁ 5 0 - met re ▁bre ach ▁of ▁a ▁le vee ▁of ▁the ▁W en ▁river . ▁ ▁Water ▁pou red ▁into ▁the ▁ 8 6 0 - met re ▁deep ▁pit ▁at ▁the ▁Hu ay uan ▁mine , ▁quickly ▁over wh el ming ▁the ▁mine ' s ▁p umps . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 7 2 ▁min ers ▁were ▁tra pped ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 - foot - deep ▁mine ▁sh aft ▁when ▁a ▁mine ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Hu ay |
uan ▁M ining ▁Co . ▁ ▁N ine ▁others ▁were ▁also ▁missing , ▁in ▁a ▁nearby ▁mine ▁run ▁by ▁a ▁different ▁company . ▁None ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 1 ▁min ers , ▁living ▁or ▁dead , ▁were ▁recovered ▁from ▁the ▁two ▁mines ▁after ▁the ▁accident . ▁ ▁The ▁Hu ay uan ▁mine ▁was ▁flo oded ▁with ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 1 2 ▁million ▁cub ic ▁metres ▁of ▁water . ▁If ▁all ▁six ▁available ▁p umps ▁were ▁used ▁around ▁the ▁clock ▁they ▁could ▁p ump ▁out ▁about ▁ 1 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁cub ic ▁metres ▁of ▁water ▁a ▁day . ▁But ▁only ▁four ▁were ▁oper ational . ▁Un o fficial ly , ▁exper ts ▁say ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁take ▁almost ▁ 1 0 0 ▁days ▁to ▁d rain ▁the ▁water ▁inside ▁the ▁mine . ▁ ▁After math ▁An ▁official ▁at ▁China . com . cn ▁discussed ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁signs ▁of ▁flo oding ▁had ▁appeared ▁in ▁advance ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁incident , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁" dis aster ▁was ▁completely ▁avoid able ." ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁the ▁Sh and ong ▁provincial ▁government ▁issued ▁a ▁statement ▁cit ing ▁scient ists ▁who ▁said ▁that ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁min ers ▁would ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁out ▁alive ▁after ▁that ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁under ground . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Co al ▁power ▁in ▁China ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Sh and ong ▁mine ▁flo od ▁Sh and ong ▁mine ▁flo od ▁Category : Environment al ▁dis aster s ▁in ▁China ▁ 2 |
0 0 7 ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁flo ods ▁Category : Sh and ong ▁Category : Co al ▁min ing ▁dis aster s ▁in ▁China <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁A ph el ion , ▁the ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁when ▁the ▁Earth ▁is ▁far th est ▁from ▁the ▁Sun , ▁occurs ▁around ▁this ▁date . ▁ ▁Events ▁▁ 3 6 2 ▁BC ▁– ▁Battle ▁of ▁Mant inea : ▁The ▁The b ans , ▁led ▁by ▁Ep amin ond as , ▁defeated ▁the ▁Spart ans . ▁▁▁ 4 1 4 ▁– ▁Emperor ▁The odos ius ▁II , ▁age ▁ 1 3 , ▁yields ▁power ▁to ▁his ▁older ▁sister ▁A elia ▁Pul cher ia , ▁who ▁re igned ▁as ▁reg ent ▁and ▁proc laimed ▁herself ▁em press ▁( August a ) ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁▁ 8 3 6 ▁– ▁P act um ▁Sic ardi , ▁a ▁peace ▁treat y ▁between ▁the ▁Princi p ality ▁of ▁B ene vent o ▁and ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Nap les , ▁is ▁signed . ▁▁ 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Ulrich ▁of ▁A ugs burg ▁is ▁canon ized ▁as ▁a ▁saint . ▁ 1 0 5 4 ▁– ▁A ▁super n ova , ▁called ▁SN ▁ 1 0 5 4 , ▁is ▁seen ▁by ▁Chinese ▁Song ▁dynast y , ▁Arab , ▁and ▁possibly ▁Amer ind ian ▁obser vers ▁near ▁the ▁star ▁Z eta ▁Ta uri . ▁For ▁several ▁months ▁it ▁remains ▁bright ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁seen ▁during ▁the ▁day . ▁Its ▁rem n ants ▁form ▁the |
▁C rab ▁Neb ula . ▁ 1 1 2 0 ▁– ▁Jordan ▁II ▁of ▁Cap ua ▁is ▁an oint ed ▁as ▁prince ▁after ▁his ▁infant ▁nep hew ' s ▁death . ▁ 1 1 8 7 ▁– ▁The ▁Cr us ades : ▁Battle ▁of ▁H att in : ▁Sal adin ▁defe ats ▁Guy ▁of ▁L us ign an , ▁King ▁of ▁Jerusalem . ▁ 1 2 5 3 ▁– ▁Battle ▁of ▁West - Cap elle : ▁John ▁I ▁of ▁A ves nes ▁defe ats ▁Guy ▁of ▁D amp ierre . ▁ 1 3 5 9 ▁– ▁Francesco ▁II ▁Ord ela ff i ▁of ▁For l ì ▁surr enders ▁to ▁the ▁Pap al ▁commander ▁Gil ▁de ▁Al bor no z . ▁ 1 4 5 6 ▁– ▁Ott oman – H ung arian ▁wars : ▁The ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁N ánd or fe h ér v ár ▁( Bel grade ) ▁begins . ▁ 1 5 3 4 ▁– ▁Christian ▁III ▁is ▁elected ▁King ▁of ▁Den mark ▁and ▁Norway ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁R ye . ▁ 1 5 8 4 ▁– ▁Philip ▁Am adas ▁ ▁and ▁Arthur ▁Bar low e ▁arrive ▁at ▁Ro ano ke ▁Island ▁▁ 1 6 1 0 ▁– ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kl ush ino ▁is ▁fought ▁between ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁Polish – L ith uan ian ▁Commonwealth ▁and ▁Russia ▁during ▁the ▁Polish – Mus cov ite ▁War . ▁ 1 6 3 4 ▁– ▁The ▁city ▁of ▁Tro is - R ivi ères ▁is ▁founded ▁in ▁New ▁France ▁( |
now ▁Quebec , ▁Canada ). ▁ 1 7 4 4 ▁– ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Lanc aster , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁I ro qu ois ▁c ede ▁lands ▁between ▁the ▁Al leg hen y ▁Mountains ▁and ▁the ▁Ohio ▁River ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁colon ies , ▁was ▁signed ▁in ▁Lanc aster , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ 1 7 7 4 ▁– ▁Or ang et own ▁Resol utions ▁are ▁adopted ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁New ▁York , ▁one ▁of ▁many ▁protest s ▁against ▁the ▁British ▁Parliament ' s ▁Co er ci ve ▁Act s . ▁ 1 7 7 6 ▁– ▁American ▁Revolution : ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁is ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁Second ▁Cont inental ▁Congress . ▁ 1 7 7 8 ▁– ▁American ▁Revolution ary ▁War : ▁U . S . ▁forces ▁under ▁George ▁Clark ▁capture ▁K ask ask ia ▁during ▁the ▁Illinois ▁campaign . ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁– ▁At ▁West ▁Point , ▁New ▁York , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁opens . ▁ 1 8 0 3 ▁– ▁The ▁Louisiana ▁P urchase ▁is ▁announced ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁people . ▁ 1 8 1 7 ▁– ▁In ▁Rome , ▁New ▁York , ▁construction ▁on ▁the ▁Er ie ▁Canal ▁begins . ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁– ▁Thomas ▁Jefferson , ▁third ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁dies ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁John ▁Adams , ▁second ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁on ▁the ▁f ift i eth ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁ad option ▁of ▁the ▁United |
▁States ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence . ▁ 1 8 2 7 ▁– ▁S la very ▁is ▁abol ished ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁New ▁York . ▁ 1 8 3 1 ▁– ▁Samuel ▁Francis ▁Smith ▁writes ▁" My ▁Country , ▁' T is ▁of ▁The e " ▁for ▁the ▁Boston , ▁Massachusetts ▁July ▁ 4 ▁festiv ities . ▁ 1 8 3 7 ▁– ▁Grand ▁J unction ▁Railway , ▁the ▁world ' s ▁first ▁long - distance ▁railway , ▁opens ▁between ▁B irmingham ▁and ▁Liverpool . ▁ 1 8 3 8 ▁– ▁The ▁Iowa ▁Territ ory ▁is ▁organized . ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁– ▁Henry ▁David ▁Th ore au ▁moves ▁into ▁a ▁small ▁cabin ▁on ▁Wal den ▁P ond ▁in ▁Con cord , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁Th ore au ' s ▁account ▁of ▁his ▁two ▁years ▁there , ▁Wal den , ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁touch stone ▁of ▁the ▁environmental ▁movement . ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁edition ▁of ▁W alt ▁Whit man ' s ▁book ▁of ▁po ems , ▁Le aves ▁of ▁Gr ass , ▁is ▁published ▁In ▁Brook lyn . ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁– ▁Lewis ▁Car roll ▁tells ▁Alice ▁L idd ell ▁a ▁story ▁that ▁would ▁grow ▁into ▁Alice ' s ▁Advent ures ▁in ▁Wonder land ▁and ▁its ▁sequ els . ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁– ▁American ▁Civil ▁War : ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁V icks burg : ▁V icks burg , ▁Mississippi ▁surr enders ▁to ▁U . S . ▁forces ▁under ▁U ly ss es |
▁S . ▁Grant ▁after ▁ 4 7 ▁days ▁of ▁sie ge . ▁One ▁hundred ▁fifty ▁miles ▁up ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River , ▁a ▁Confeder ate ▁army ▁is ▁rep uls ed ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Hel ena , ▁Ark ansas . ▁▁▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁American ▁Civil ▁War : ▁The ▁Army ▁of ▁Northern ▁Virginia ▁withdraw s ▁from ▁the ▁battle field ▁after ▁losing ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁G ett ys burg , ▁sign alling ▁an ▁end ▁to ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁invasion ▁of ▁U . S . ▁territory . ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁– ▁Ang lo - Z ulu ▁War : ▁The ▁Z ul ul and ▁capital ▁of ▁Ul und i ▁is ▁captured ▁by ▁British ▁troops ▁and ▁burn ed ▁to ▁the ▁ground , ▁ending ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁forcing ▁King ▁Cet sh way o ▁to ▁fle e . ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁In ▁Alabama , ▁the ▁T usk eg ee ▁Institute ▁opens . ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁scheduled ▁Canadian ▁trans cont inental ▁train ▁arriv es ▁in ▁Port ▁Mo ody , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁– ▁The ▁founder ▁of ▁Pakistan , ▁Qu a id - i - Az am ▁Muhammad ▁Ali ▁J inn ah , ▁joins ▁S ind h - Mad ras a - t ul - I sl am , ▁Kar achi . ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁Western ▁Sam oa ▁changes ▁the ▁International ▁Date ▁Line , ▁causing ▁Monday ▁( J uly ▁ 4 ) ▁to ▁occur ▁twice , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁year ▁with |
▁ 3 6 7 ▁days . ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁double - deck ed ▁street ▁car ▁service ▁was ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California . ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁– ▁The ▁short - l ived ▁Republic ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁is ▁proc laimed ▁by ▁San ford ▁B . ▁D ole . ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁– ▁En ▁route ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁Le ▁Hav re , ▁the ▁SS ▁La ▁Bour g ogne ▁coll ides ▁with ▁another ▁ship ▁and ▁s inks ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁S able ▁Island , ▁with ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁ 5 4 9 ▁lives . ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁– ▁William ▁Howard ▁T aft ▁becomes ▁American ▁governor ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁– ▁The ▁Philipp ine – American ▁War ▁is ▁officially ▁concluded . ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁African - American ▁box er ▁Jack ▁Johnson ▁knock s ▁out ▁white ▁box er ▁Jim ▁Jeff ries ▁in ▁a ▁heavy weight ▁box ing ▁match , ▁spark ing ▁race ▁ri ots ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁– ▁A ▁massive ▁heat ▁wave ▁strik es ▁the ▁n ort he astern ▁United ▁States , ▁killing ▁ 3 8 0 ▁people ▁in ▁eleven ▁days ▁and ▁breaking ▁temperature ▁records ▁in ▁several ▁cities . ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁– ▁President ▁Wood row ▁Wilson ▁addresses ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁veter ans ▁at ▁the ▁Great ▁Re union ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁– ▁The ▁fun eral ▁of |
▁Arch du ke ▁Franz ▁Ferdinand ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Soph ie ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁Vienna , ▁six ▁days ▁after ▁their ▁assass in ations ▁in ▁Sar aje vo . ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁– ▁Me h med ▁V ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 3 ▁and ▁Ott oman ▁s ultan ▁Me h med ▁VI ▁asc ends ▁to ▁the ▁throne . ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁I : ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ham el , ▁a ▁successful ▁attack ▁by ▁the ▁Australian ▁Corps ▁against ▁German ▁positions ▁near ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Le ▁Ham el ▁on ▁the ▁Western ▁Front . ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁B ols he vik s ▁kill ▁Ts ar ▁Nicholas ▁II ▁of ▁Russia ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁( Jul ian ▁calendar ▁date ). ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁– ▁First ▁flight ▁of ▁the ▁Lock he ed ▁V ega . ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁Leo ▁Sz il ard ▁pat ents ▁the ▁chain - re action ▁design ▁that ▁would ▁later ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁atomic ▁bomb . ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁– ▁Lou ▁Ge hr ig , ▁recently ▁diagn osed ▁with ▁Amy ot roph ic ▁later al ▁s cl eros is , ▁inform s ▁a ▁crowd ▁at ▁Yan kee ▁Stadium ▁that ▁he ▁cons iders ▁himself ▁" The ▁luck iest ▁man ▁on ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁the ▁earth ", ▁then ▁announ ces ▁his ▁ret irement ▁from ▁major ▁league ▁baseball . ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁– ▁Naz i ▁cr imes ▁against ▁the ▁Polish ▁nation : ▁Naz i ▁troops ▁mass acre |
▁Polish ▁scient ists ▁and ▁writers ▁in ▁the ▁captured ▁Ukrain ian ▁city ▁of ▁L viv . ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁The ▁Burn ing ▁of ▁the ▁R iga ▁syn agog ues : ▁The ▁Great ▁Ch oral ▁Syn agog ue ▁in ▁German ▁occupied ▁R iga ▁is ▁bur nt ▁with ▁ 3 0 0 ▁Jews ▁locked ▁in ▁the ▁bas ement . ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁The ▁ 2 5 0 - day ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Se v ast opol ▁in ▁the ▁Crime a ▁ends ▁when ▁the ▁city ▁falls ▁to ▁A xis ▁forces . ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kur sk , ▁the ▁largest ▁full - scale ▁battle ▁in ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁world ' s ▁largest ▁tank ▁battle , ▁begins ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Pro k hor ov ka . ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁In ▁Gib ral tar , ▁a ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁B - 2 4 ▁Liber ator ▁bom ber ▁crashes ▁into ▁the ▁sea ▁in ▁an ▁apparent ▁accident ▁moments ▁after ▁take off , ▁killing ▁six teen ▁passengers ▁on ▁board , ▁ ▁including ▁general ▁W ład ys ław ▁S ikor ski , ▁the ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁Army ▁and ▁the ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁government - in - ex ile ; ▁only ▁the ▁pilot ▁surv ives . ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁– ▁The ▁K iel ce ▁pog rom ▁against ▁Jewish ▁Hol oca ust |
▁surv iv ors ▁in ▁Poland . ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁After ▁ 3 8 1 ▁years ▁of ▁near - continu ous ▁colonial ▁rule ▁by ▁various ▁powers , ▁the ▁Philippines ▁att ains ▁full ▁independence ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁– ▁The ▁" Ind ian ▁Independ ence ▁Bill " ▁is ▁presented ▁before ▁the ▁British ▁House ▁of ▁Commons , ▁propos ing ▁the ▁independence ▁of ▁the ▁Provin ces ▁of ▁British ▁India ▁into ▁two ▁so ver eign ▁countries : ▁India ▁and ▁Pakistan . ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁– ▁Cold ▁War : ▁Radio ▁Free ▁Europe ▁first ▁broadcast s . ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁– ▁Cold ▁War : ▁A ▁court ▁in ▁Czech oslov ak ia ▁sentences ▁American ▁journalist ▁William ▁N . ▁O atis ▁to ▁ten ▁years ▁in ▁prison ▁on ▁charges ▁of ▁esp ion age . ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁William ▁Sho ck ley ▁announ ces ▁the ▁in vention ▁of ▁the ▁j unction ▁trans istor . ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁– ▁U . S . ▁President ▁D w ight ▁D . ▁Eisen h ower ▁signed ▁the ▁R ivers ▁and ▁Har b ors ▁Flo od ▁Control ▁Bill . ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁– ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁post - Ind ep end ence ▁Day ▁ad mission ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁as ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁U . S . ▁state ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁ 5 0 - star ▁flag ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁deb uts ▁in ▁Philadelphia , |
▁almost ▁ten ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁months ▁later ▁( see ▁Flag ▁Act s ▁( Un ited ▁States )). ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁– ▁On ▁its ▁ma iden ▁voyage , ▁the ▁Soviet ▁nuclear - power ed ▁sub marine ▁K - 1 9 ▁suff ers ▁a ▁complete ▁loss ▁of ▁cool ant ▁to ▁its ▁re actor . ▁The ▁crew ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁effect ▁rep airs , ▁but ▁ 2 2 ▁of ▁them ▁die ▁of ▁radiation ▁poison ing ▁over ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁years . ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁– ▁U . S . ▁President ▁Ly nd on ▁B . ▁Johnson ▁signs ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁of ▁Information ▁Act ▁into ▁United ▁States ▁law . ▁The ▁act ▁went ▁into ▁effect ▁the ▁next ▁year . ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁– ▁Isra eli ▁command os ▁ra id ▁En te bbe ▁air port ▁in ▁U g anda , ▁res cu ing ▁all ▁but ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁passengers ▁and ▁crew ▁of ▁an ▁Air ▁France ▁jet lin er ▁seized ▁by ▁Palest in ian ▁terror ists . ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁U . S . ▁celebr ates ▁its ▁B ic ent enn ial . ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁– ▁The ▁George ▁Jackson ▁Brigade ▁plants ▁a ▁bomb ▁at ▁the ▁main ▁power ▁subst ation ▁for ▁the ▁Washington ▁state ▁capit ol ▁in ▁Olymp ia , ▁in ▁solid ar ity ▁with ▁a ▁prison ▁strike ▁at ▁the ▁Wal la ▁Wal la ▁State ▁Pen it enti ary ▁Int ensive ▁Security ▁Unit . ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁– ▁Three ▁Iran ian ▁diplom ats ▁and ▁a |
▁journalist ▁are ▁kid n apped ▁in ▁Leb anon ▁by ▁Ph al ange ▁forces , ▁and ▁their ▁fate ▁remains ▁unknown . ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁– ▁In ▁France , ▁former ▁Gest ap o ▁chief ▁Klaus ▁Bar bie ▁( a . k . a . ▁the ▁" But cher ▁of ▁Lyon ") ▁is ▁conv icted ▁of ▁cr imes ▁against ▁human ity ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁imprison ment . ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁– ▁R wand an ▁gen o cide : ▁K ig ali , ▁the ▁R wand an ▁capital , ▁is ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁R wand an ▁Patri otic ▁Front , ▁ending ▁the ▁gen o cide ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁– ▁NASA ' s ▁Path find er ▁space ▁pro be ▁lands ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁Mars . ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁– ▁Japan ▁launch es ▁the ▁No z omi ▁pro be ▁to ▁Mars , ▁joining ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Russia ▁as ▁a ▁space ▁expl oring ▁nation . ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁– ▁Vlad iv ost ock ▁Air ▁Fl ight ▁ 3 5 2 ▁crashes ▁on ▁approach ▁to ▁Ir k ut sk ▁Airport ▁killing ▁all ▁ 1 4 5 ▁people ▁on ▁board . ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁The ▁corner stone ▁of ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁Tower ▁is ▁laid ▁on ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁site ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Greece ▁be ats ▁Portugal ▁in ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Final ▁and ▁becomes ▁European ▁Champion ▁for |
▁first ▁time ▁in ▁its ▁history . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁– ▁The ▁Deep ▁Imp act ▁coll ider ▁hits ▁the ▁com et ▁Temp el ▁ 1 . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁The ▁Stat ue ▁of ▁Liber ty ' s ▁crown ▁re opens ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁after ▁eight ▁years ▁of ▁closure ▁due ▁to ▁security ▁concerns ▁following ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 1 ▁attacks . ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁of ▁four ▁days ▁of ▁bomb ings ▁begins ▁on ▁the ▁southern ▁Philipp ine ▁island ▁group ▁of ▁Mind ana o . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁The ▁discovery ▁of ▁particles ▁consistent ▁with ▁the ▁H ig gs ▁bos on ▁at ▁the ▁Lar ge ▁Had ron ▁Coll ider ▁is ▁announced ▁at ▁C ER N . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁Chile ▁claims ▁its ▁first ▁title ▁in ▁international ▁s occer ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Argentina ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Copa ▁América ▁Final . ▁ ▁B irth s ▁ ▁AD ▁ 6 8 ▁– ▁Sal on ina ▁Mat idia , ▁Roman ▁daughter ▁of ▁Ul p ia ▁Mar ci ana ▁( d . ▁ 1 1 9 ) ▁ 1 0 9 5 ▁– ▁Us ama ▁ibn ▁Mun q id h , ▁Muslim ▁poet , ▁author ▁and ▁far is ▁( K night ) ▁( d . ▁ 1 1 8 8 ) ▁ 1 3 3 0 ▁– ▁Ash ik aga ▁Y osh ia ki ra , ▁Japanese ▁sh ō gun ▁( d . ▁ 1 3 6 7 ) ▁ 1 4 |
7 7 ▁– ▁Johannes ▁A vent inus , ▁Bav arian ▁historian ▁and ▁phil ologist ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 3 4 ) ▁ 1 5 4 6 ▁– ▁Mur ad ▁III , ▁Ott oman ▁s ultan ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 9 5 ) ▁ 1 6 5 6 ▁– ▁John ▁Le ake , ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁adm iral ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 2 0 ) ▁ 1 6 9 4 ▁– ▁Louis - Cla ude ▁Da quin , ▁French ▁organ ist ▁and ▁composer ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 7 2 ) ▁ 1 7 1 5 ▁– ▁Christian ▁Für chte g ott ▁G ell ert , ▁German ▁poet ▁and ▁academic ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 6 9 ) ▁ 1 7 1 9 ▁– ▁Michel - Jean ▁S eda ine , ▁French ▁play w right ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 9 7 ) ▁▁ 1 7 2 9 ▁– ▁George ▁Leonard , ▁American ▁lawyer , ▁jur ist ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 1 9 ) ▁ 1 7 5 3 ▁– ▁Jean - Pierre ▁Bl anch ard , ▁French ▁invent or , ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁bal lo on ▁flight ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 0 9 ) ▁ 1 7 9 0 ▁– ▁George ▁Ever est , ▁Wel sh ▁ge ograph er ▁and ▁survey or ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 6 6 ) ▁ 1 7 9 9 ▁– ▁Oscar ▁I ▁of ▁Sweden ▁( d . ▁ |
1 8 5 9 ) ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁– ▁Nathan iel ▁Haw th or ne , ▁American ▁novel ist ▁and ▁short ▁story ▁writer ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 6 4 ) ▁ 1 8 0 7 ▁– ▁Giuseppe ▁Gar ib ald i , ▁Italian ▁general ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 8 2 ) ▁ 1 8 1 6 ▁– ▁Hir am ▁Walker , ▁American ▁business man , ▁founded ▁Canadian ▁Club ▁whis ky ▁ ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁– ▁Stephen ▁F oster , ▁American ▁song writer ▁and ▁composer ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 6 4 ) ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁– ▁Hermann ▁C ohen , ▁German ▁phil os opher ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁– ▁Thomas ▁John ▁Bar n ardo , ▁Irish ▁phil anth rop ist ▁and ▁human itar ian ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁– ▁James ▁Anthony ▁Ba iley , ▁American ▁circ us ▁ring master , ▁co - f ounded ▁Ring ling ▁B ros . ▁and ▁Bar num ▁& ▁Ba iley ▁Circ us ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 0 6 ) ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁– ▁Victor ▁B abe ș , ▁Roman ian ▁phys ician ▁and ▁bi ologist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 2 6 ) ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁– ▁Henri etta ▁Sw an ▁Le av itt , ▁American ▁astronom er ▁and |
▁academic ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁– ▁Hub ert ▁Cec il ▁Bo oth , ▁English ▁engineer ▁( d . 1 9 5 5 ) ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁– ▁Cal vin ▁C ool idge , ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 3 0 th ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁John ▁Mc P he e , ▁Australian ▁journalist ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 2 7 th ▁Premier ▁of ▁Tas mania ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁– ▁Victor ▁Kraft , ▁Aust rian ▁phil os opher ▁from ▁the ▁Vienna ▁Circle ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁U ly ss es ▁S . ▁Grant ▁III , ▁American ▁general ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁– ▁R ube ▁Gold berg , ▁American ▁sculpt or , ▁cart oon ist , ▁and ▁engineer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁– ▁P io ▁P ion , ▁Italian ▁engineer ▁and ▁business man ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 6 5 ) ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁– ▁Henry ▁Ar met ta , ▁Italian - American ▁actor ▁and ▁singer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁– ▁Ir ving ▁Ca esar , ▁American ▁song writer ▁and ▁composer ▁( |
d . ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁– ▁Ma o ▁Dun , ▁Chinese ▁journalist , ▁author , ▁and ▁critic ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁– ▁All uri ▁S itar ama ▁Raj u , ▁Indian ▁activ ist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 2 4 ) ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁– ▁P ilar ▁Barb osa , ▁Puerto ▁R ican - American ▁historian ▁and ▁activ ist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ger tr ude ▁Lawrence , ▁British ▁actress , ▁singer , ▁and ▁dan cer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Gul zar il al ▁N anda , ▁Indian ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ger tr ude ▁We aver , ▁American ▁super cent en arian ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁– ▁Bel inda ▁D ann , ▁Ind igen ous ▁Australian ▁who ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁St olen ▁Generation , ▁reun ited ▁with ▁family ▁aged ▁ 1 0 7 ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Nell ie ▁Ma e ▁R owe , ▁African - American ▁folk ▁artist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁– ▁Meyer ▁L ans ky , ▁American ▁gang |
ster ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁George ▁Mur phy , ▁American ▁actor ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁– ▁Flor ▁Pe eters , ▁Belg ian ▁organ ist , ▁composer , ▁and ▁educ ator ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁– ▁Ang ela ▁Bad de ley , ▁English ▁actress ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁– ▁Ir ving ▁Johnson , ▁American ▁sail or ▁and ▁author ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Robert ▁Han key , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron ▁Han key , ▁British ▁diplom at ▁and ▁public ▁servant ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Lion el ▁Tr illing , ▁American ▁critic , ▁ess ay ist , ▁short ▁story ▁writer , ▁and ▁educ ator ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁– ▁Vincent ▁Sch ae fer , ▁American ▁chem ist ▁and ▁meteor ologist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁– ▁John ▁Anderson , ▁American ▁disc us ▁thro wer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Howard ▁Ta ub man , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁critic ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ |