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Atlantic climate
What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?
phytochoria
What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?
Armen Takhtajan
Who coined the term phytochoria?
classical antiquity
What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?
city-states
What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?
Alexander the Great
Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?
Rome
Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?
Constantinople
Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Germanic
Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?
AD 476
What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?
300 AD
By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?
the Byzantine Empire
What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?
Germanic peoples
Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?
kingdoms and empires of their own
What did Germanic people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?
the Crusades
What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?
1204
When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?
Genoa and Venice
Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders?
The Reconquista
What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?
the Byzantine Empire
What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?
The Late Middle Ages
What era was characterized by turmoil in Europe?
the Black Death
What disease plagued Europe during the Late Middle Ages?
the Ottoman Empire
Which new regime appeared in the Balkan region during the Late Middle Ages?
1453
When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?
14th century
When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?
Florence
In what city did the Renaissance begin?
science and theology
What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?
Greek and Roman
The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?
Portugal and Spain
Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista?
1648
When did religious conflict end in Europe?
Spain and France
Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed?
Galileo Galilei
Which scientist developed a means of viewing space?
Guglielmo Marconi
Who was responsible for creating the first radio?
the rise of colonial empires
What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?
the Columbian Exchange
What institution of mercantilism was established with New World colonies?
manufacturing
What replaced agriculture as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?
the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?
between 1815 and 1871
When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments?
the Ottoman Empire
From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?
1870
In what year was Rome conquered?
The Age of Empire
What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands?
1914
In what year did World War I begin?
1918
When did a victor emerge in World War I?
the Paris Peace Conference
At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?
The Nazi regime
Which group took control in 1933?
Adolf Hitler
Who led the Nazis?
Italy
Which country did Hitler align Germany with?
Mussolini
Who was the leader of Italy when World War II started?
the Warsaw Pact
What was the military partnership between countries aligned with the Soviet Union called?
European Union
What does EU stand for?
market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism
What was the European Union tasked with managing?
1989
When did communism fall in allies of the Soviet Union?
1991
When did the USSR dissolve?
2013
In what year was Croatia admitted to the European Union?
Romance languages
What is the most common group of languages spoken in Mediterranean Europe?
Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican
What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Italian speakers can be found?
eastern Spain
Where can people who speak Catalan be found?
Galician
What language is spoken in northwest Spain?
over 40 million
How many people in Spain and Gibraltar are Spanish speakers?
Hellenic
What is another term for Greek?
Cyprus
Outside of Greece itself, in what other nation is Greek a major language?
Macedonian
What language is used in Macedonia?
Bulgarian
What do people speak in Bulgaria?
Slovenia
Slovene is a major language in what country?
English
What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe?
Spanish
Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar?
Maltese
Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta?
Albanian
What language can be found used in Kosovo and Albania?
Semitic
What type of language is Maltese?
northern Spain and southwestern France
Where is Basque Country located?
Christianity
What is the main faith practiced in southern Europe?
380 AD
When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?
Roman Catholic
What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?
Greek Orthodox
Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?
regions
What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of nations?
statistical convenience
What is the reason for the UNO's division into regions?
sub-regions
What smaller unit makes up the southern Europe region?
Tourism Decision Metrics
What does TDM stand for?
European Travel Commission
Which group uses TDM as a metric?
BBC
What is the acronym for British Broadcasting Corporation?
Royal charter
Under what auspices does the BBC exist?
1932
When did the BBC start creating its own programming?
2 November 1936
On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts?
United Kingdom
In what country is the BBC headquartered?
30%
What percentage of viewership across the UK is constituted by the BBC?
television production companies
As a result of shows that the BBC itself creates, it is one of the biggest what?
30 September 1929
On what date was the first TV show seen in the UK?
Long Acre, London
From where was the first TV show in the UK broadcasted?
30
How many lines made up the picture on Britain's earliest TV broadcasts?
June 1932
When did Baird cease showing its programs on BBC?
30 March 1930
When were both audio and video first broadcasted at the same time?
Broadcasting House, London
Where was the BBC's first studio located?
telephone line
What was the medium that brought the BBC's signal to the transmitter?
electromechanical
What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935?
16 Portland Place, London
Where was the BBC's second studio located?
February 1934
When did the BBC first change studios?
Alexandra Palace
Where did the BBC continue broadcasting from in October of 1936?
VHF
What frequency band was used by the BBC starting in 1936?
240
How many lines did the Baird transmission contain?
405
How many lines did the Marconi-EMI transmission contain?
Monday to Saturday
On what days did the BBC provide regular broadcasts?