answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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China | What country produced the Kao Gong Ji? |
7th–5th centuries BCE | When was the Kao Gong Ji written? |
Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra | What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka? |
Shilpa Shastras | India produced which early architectural text? |
pantheistic religion | What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries? |
Buddhist architecture | Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity? |
3rd century BCE | When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced? |
the macrocosm and the microcosm | What does Hindu temple architecture try to express? |
the Shastras | What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture? |
Buddhist | What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences |
pantheistic religion | What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia? |
European architecture | What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's? |
7th century CE | When was Islamic architecture first seen? |
Byzantium | In addition to forms from the ancient Middle East, what other place's forms had an effect on Islamic architecture? |
religious and social needs | What other parts of the society's needs did architecture fill? |
pointed arch | What kind of arch design from Islamic architecture affected European architects? |
abbeys and cathedrals. | What type of buildings were took the most effort to build? |
abbeys and cathedrals | What were the most important buildings of the time? |
clerics and tradesmen | What two groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe? |
pan-European | What style is Gothic? |
Romanesque | What is another pan-European style? |
900 CE onwards | When did the clerics and tradesmen start spreading architectural information? |
1400 | When was Renaissance Humanism developed? |
1400 onwards | When did the Classical learning revival begin? |
Europe | What continent did this revival take place on? |
Renaissance | What was the name for the time period? |
role of the individual | What did Renaissance Humanism emphasize? |
artist, architect and engineer | What three vocations were not really considered separate from each other at that time? |
functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic | What sort of considerations does architectural design take into account? |
form, space and ambience | In architecture what aspects are planned and designed? |
pragmatic aspects | Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture involve? |
Nunzia Rondanini | Who said that architecture was able extend beyond function? |
Through its aesthetic dimension | In what way did Nunzia Rondanini believe architecture moved past mere functionality? |
social life | What could, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"? |
social development | What shouldn't architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini? |
functional aspects | What does architecture share with other sciences? |
art for art's sake | What is a reactionary thing to limit formalism's meaning to? |
quest for perfection or originality | What sort of quest lacks purpose? |
form | What ends up being reduced in quality by this quest? |
civic ideals | From what ideals did Classical architecture emerge? |
new building types | These civic ideas allowed what to come into being? |
religious or empirical ones | What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture not based on? |
Architectural "style" | What owes its development to the Classical orders? |
ancient time | When were architectural writings first made? |
specific formal prescriptions | Aside from general advice what did the texts contain? |
canons | What is another term for specific formal prescriptions? |
1st-century BCE | When did Vitruvius write his canons? |
religious | What is a significant early architectural canonical type? |
guilds | What organizations were created by Medieval craftsmen? |
written contracts | What records of the guilds are still in existence? |
ecclesiastical buildings | What was the main thing the contracts were had to do with? |
Magister lathomorum | What is another term for master mason? |
proportions and structure | What aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on? |
generalist | Who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time? |
architecture and engineering | What two fields began to grow apart? |
technical aspects of building design | What did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics? |
"gentleman architect" | What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy? |
context and feasibility | What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect? |
in the offices of other architects | Where did most architects learn their trade? |
mass production and consumption | What started with the Industrial Revolution? |
ornamented products | What became cheap enough for the middle class to buy? |
Aesthetics | As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the middle class? |
pattern books and architectural journals | What kind of books did housebuilders use? |
current architectural design | What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate? |
20th | At what century's start did revivalist fall into disfavor? |
Modern Architecture | What new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time? |
1907 | When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start? |
to produce better quality machine made objects | What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund? |
the Bauhaus school | In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany? |
avant-garde movement | What kind of movement was modern architecture in the beginning? |
the middle and working classes | Who was the new movement meant to suit the needs of? |
the rapidly declining aristocratic order | Whose needs were no longer relevant to the new style? |
functionalist | What sort of details did the Modernists' want in their buildings? |
historical references and ornament | What details did Modernists' do away with? |
Frank Lloyd Wright | Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture? |
Robie House and Fallingwater | What are two of Wright's designs? |
to promote harmony | What was Wright's intention regarding humans and nature? |
the Industrial Revolution | What made it possible to design architecture through new means and methods? |
steel-frame construction | What new type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers? |
International Style | What style came after Modernism? |
Twin Towers | What is an example of International Style? |
Minoru Yamasaki | Who designed the Twin Towers? |
decorative richness | What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find lacking in modernist styles? |
Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen | Who were three architects who influenced Brutalism? |
unfinished concrete | What material was used in Brutalist structures? |
postwar generation | Who disagreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism? |
the school of metaphoric architecture | What school was a response to Brutalism? |
biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture | What are two examples of metaphoric architecture? |
nature | What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise? |
expressionist architecture | What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of? |
the late 1950s and 1960s | When was the start of the architectural phenomenology movement? |
modernism | What was architectural phenomenology reacting to? |
human experience | What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand? |
Robert Venturi | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"? |
"ducks" | What term did Venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings? |
Since the 1980s | About when did architecture begin specializing? |
one person | Who can no longer design a large structure? |
Modernism and Postmodernism | What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality? |
Environmental sustainability | What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years? |
the environment | What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays? |
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