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How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?
inorganic chemistry
What chemistry do hydrides serve as bridging ligands?
link two metal centers
What do hydrides that are bridging ligands link up?
group 13
What group is briging ligands most common in?
electrons
When hydrogen oxidates, what is it removing?
H+
When hydrogen oxidates, what does it end up giving?
Bronsted-Lowry
What theory suggests that acids are proton donors?
H+
What is another term for a bare proton?
in acidic solution with other solvents
Where can oxonium ions be found?
hydronium ion
What other term is a solvated protons referred as?
protonated
What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as?
trihydrogen cation
What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?
3H
How many natural isotopes does hydrogen have>
denoted 1H, 2H and 3H
What are the names of these isotopes?
4H to 7H
Which isotopes have unstable nuclei?
Hydrogen
Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?
deuterium and tritium
What are the only two names still used for radioactive isotopes?
D and T
What are the symbols used for deuterium and tritium?
phosphorus
What does the symbol P represent?
2H and 3H
What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium?
1671
What year was the discovery of hydrogen gas?
Robert Boyle
Who discovered Hydrogen gas?
Henry Cavendish
Who recognized hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?
1766
In what year did Henry Cavendish recognize hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?
water
What does gas produce when burned?
reacting a flux of steam with metallic iron through an incandescent iron tube heated in a fire
How did Lavoisier produce hydrogen for his experiments?
James Dewar
Who was the first to liquidize hydrogen?
1898
In what year Did James Dewar first liquidize hydrogen?
1931
What year was Deuterium discovered?
Harold Urey
Who was the first to discover deuterium?
1934
What year was tritium discovered?
Jacques Charles
Who invented the hydrogen filled balloons?
1783
What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented?
Zeppelins
what were the hydrogen lifted airships called?
1900
In what year did the first zeppelin make flight?
the British
Who made the first non stop transatlantic crossing?
1919
What year was this done?
1937
What year did the airship get destroyed?
New Jersey
What city was the ship over when it caught fire?
1937
In what year did the first hydrogen cooled turbogenerator go into service?
Ohio
What state is the Dayton Power and light Company located?
1977
What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?
2009
In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?
a proton and an electron
What is the hydrogen atom made up of?
atomic structure
What theory is the hydrogen atom a big part of?
1920s
When was the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom developed?
Maxwell
Who observed the specific heat capacity of H2?
spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels
What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?
quantum theory
What theory supports this?
75%
What percent of normal matter is hydrogen?
90%
What percent of atoms is hydrogen?
dark matter and dark energy
What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of?
stars
Clouds of H2 form what?
atomic and plasma
In what states is hydrogen mostly found in the universe?
plasma
Hydrogens electron and proton are not bound together in what state?
neutral atomic state
in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?
cosmological baryonic density of the Universe
The neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems dominates what?
third most abundant
How abundant is hydrogen on the earths surface?
bacteria and algae
what produces hydrogen gas?
protonated molecular hydrogen
What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?
ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays
What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?
Jupiter
On what planet can you find protonated molecular hydrogen?
excited form
In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?
expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions
How does nature produce H2?
by-product of other reactions
How do labs produce H2?
electrolysis of water
What is an easy way to produce hydrogen?
anode
Where does the gaseous oxygen form at?
cathode
Where does the gaseous hydrogen form at?
hydrogen
When you combine an alloy of alluminum and gallium to water, what do you get?
alumina
What else can it produce?
the expensive gallium
What can be reused after the formation?
hydrocarbons
The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what?
1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F
What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?
high pressures
At what pressure does PSA work best in?
production of methanol
What is synthesis gas used for?
Hydrocarbons
Besides methane, what else can be used to produce synthesis gas?
use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction
How can it be recovered through steam?
ammonia
When hydrogen is generated from natural gas, what des it produce?
Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine
How is hydrogen produced as a co product?
produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity
What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?
solar energy and water
What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?
France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA
What countries are testing this?
anaerobic
What condition is iron and steel alloys slowly oxidized?
formation of ferrous hydroxide
What does the anaerobic corrosion of iron lead to?
green rust
What is another name for formation of ferrous hydroxide?
anaerobic
Under what condition can ferrous hydroxide be oxidized?
magnetite and molecular hydrogen
What does this process form?
Schikorr reaction
What reaction describes this process?
serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation
How is hydrogen produced when there is no atmospheric oxygen?
crystal lattice of the fayalite
Where do you find silicate?
hydrogen
What is the most common gas found in power tranformers?
petroleum and chemical industries
Where are large quantities of H2 needed?
hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking
What are the consumers of H2 in petrochemical plant?
rare earth and transition metals
Where is hydrogen highly soluble?
nanocrystalline and amorphous metals
Where can you find soluble hydrogen?
local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice
What influences hydrogens solubility in metals?
when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks
When are these useful?
gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks
When is it damaging?
in physics and engineering
Where else is H2 applied?
as the rotor coolant
How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?