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China
What country was the process developed in?
China
What country is leading in production of paper?
United States
What country is the second largest produced of paper?
Cai Lun
Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?
Cai Lun
Who is credited with the papermaking process?
silk
What material did paper replace upon its invention?
Golden Age
Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards?
2nd
What century is the first papermaking process attributed to?
13th
In what century did the papermaking process spread from China to Europe?
Baghdad
Which middle eastern city did the papermaking process to Europe from?
bagdatikos
What name did the process take on in Baghdad?
19th
In which century did the process become much cheaper than before?
Charles Fenerty
Which Canadian inventor helped F.G. Keller to develop their own process?
Papyrus
What Latin word is paper derived from?
Greek
What language is papyrus derived from?
maceration
What process changes the properties of the fibres used in papermaking?
Cyperus
What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus?
the pith
What part of the Cyperus plant was used in making papyrus?
lignin
What is separated from the cellulose fibres?
wood-free
What type of paper is paper made from chemical pulps known as?
5%
What percentage of fibres are wasted in the bleaching process?
90%
What percentage of cotton is cellulose?
three
How many chemical pulping processes are there?
1840s
What decade does the sulfite process date to?
The kraft process
What process is most commonly used?
Soda pulping
What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?
groundwood pulp
Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping?
debarked logs
What is the main ingredient in the groundwood process?
weak
What strength of paper is produced by mechanical pulps?
virgin
Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp?
china clay
What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?
Additives
What is added for sizing purposes?
chalk
What besides china clay is used as a filler?
Pressing
How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?
felt
What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?
blotter sheet
What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?
felt
Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?
air
What is the main component of drying the paper?
6
At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end?
china clay
Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?
calendering
What process is done to polish the surface of the paper?
Gloss
What is the shiniest type of coated paper?
Gloss
What papers give the best optical density?
reels
What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses?
long-grain
In what manner are sheets normally cut?
cut into sheets
If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done?
wove paper
What type of paper is produced on a machine like the Fourdrinier?
rollers
What is used to apply watermarks and other patterns?
density
What is in common with the lentgh along and across the grain of paper produced by a machine such as the Fourdrinier?
wire mesh
What leaves a pattern on the paper that has a consistent density width and lengthwise?
Laidlines
What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit?
Laidlines
What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?
chainlines
What runs perpendicular to the laidlines?
Laidlines
Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines?
caliper
What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?
thousandths of an inch
In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?
mm
Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?
0.0028 and 0.0071 in
Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?
weight
What characteristic is paper usually classified by?
a ream
In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?
card
Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock?
ISO 216
What ISO sizing system does Europe use?
card
If paper is over 160g what is it considered as?
dimensions
Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe?
length and width
Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?
standard paper sizes
Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner?
length and width
Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms?
ISO 216
Most countries besides the US use what ISO System?
Germany
What country first adopted the ISO 216 standard?
A0
What is the largest standard size paper?
2
How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of A0 paper?
A3
What is the lowest numbered A paper that is commonly used at home?
tissue paper
What is the lightest density of paper produced?
800 kg/m3
What is the common density of printing paper?
Alum
What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced?
sizing
Early papermakers added alum to help in what process?
more stable
How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum?
lignin
What particle is associated with the yellowing of newspapers?
lignin
A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood?
light and oxygen
What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers?
Library of Congress
Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?
oxalic
Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce?
twice
How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process?
Mechanical
What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books?
acid-free
What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers?
400%
In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?
35%
What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?
plant trees
What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests?
10%
What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?
40%
What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?
71.6 million
How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?
16 billion
How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?
31
How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?
bleaching
What process of papermaking is most heavily linked to the pollution?
through food
How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?
fatty tissue
Where are dioxins stored in our animal sources of food?
the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
What agency internationally regulates dioxins?
paperfoam
What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?
biodegradable
What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?
paper
What is paperfoam primarily made of?