answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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China | What country was the process developed in? |
China | What country is leading in production of paper? |
United States | What country is the second largest produced of paper? |
Cai Lun | Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process? |
Cai Lun | Who is credited with the papermaking process? |
silk | What material did paper replace upon its invention? |
Golden Age | Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards? |
2nd | What century is the first papermaking process attributed to? |
13th | In what century did the papermaking process spread from China to Europe? |
Baghdad | Which middle eastern city did the papermaking process to Europe from? |
bagdatikos | What name did the process take on in Baghdad? |
19th | In which century did the process become much cheaper than before? |
Charles Fenerty | Which Canadian inventor helped F.G. Keller to develop their own process? |
Papyrus | What Latin word is paper derived from? |
Greek | What language is papyrus derived from? |
maceration | What process changes the properties of the fibres used in papermaking? |
Cyperus | What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus? |
the pith | What part of the Cyperus plant was used in making papyrus? |
lignin | What is separated from the cellulose fibres? |
wood-free | What type of paper is paper made from chemical pulps known as? |
5% | What percentage of fibres are wasted in the bleaching process? |
90% | What percentage of cotton is cellulose? |
three | How many chemical pulping processes are there? |
1840s | What decade does the sulfite process date to? |
The kraft process | What process is most commonly used? |
Soda pulping | What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content? |
groundwood pulp | Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping? |
debarked logs | What is the main ingredient in the groundwood process? |
weak | What strength of paper is produced by mechanical pulps? |
virgin | Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp? |
china clay | What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking? |
Additives | What is added for sizing purposes? |
chalk | What besides china clay is used as a filler? |
Pressing | How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper? |
felt | What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing? |
blotter sheet | What is used to collect water when hand-making paper? |
felt | Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water? |
air | What is the main component of drying the paper? |
6 | At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end? |
china clay | Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what? |
calendering | What process is done to polish the surface of the paper? |
Gloss | What is the shiniest type of coated paper? |
Gloss | What papers give the best optical density? |
reels | What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses? |
long-grain | In what manner are sheets normally cut? |
cut into sheets | If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done? |
wove paper | What type of paper is produced on a machine like the Fourdrinier? |
rollers | What is used to apply watermarks and other patterns? |
density | What is in common with the lentgh along and across the grain of paper produced by a machine such as the Fourdrinier? |
wire mesh | What leaves a pattern on the paper that has a consistent density width and lengthwise? |
Laidlines | What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit? |
Laidlines | What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould? |
chainlines | What runs perpendicular to the laidlines? |
Laidlines | Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines? |
caliper | What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper? |
thousandths of an inch | In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness? |
mm | Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit? |
0.0028 and 0.0071 in | Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness? |
weight | What characteristic is paper usually classified by? |
a ream | In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale? |
card | Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock? |
ISO 216 | What ISO sizing system does Europe use? |
card | If paper is over 160g what is it considered as? |
dimensions | Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe? |
length and width | Commercial paper is commonly defined by what? |
standard paper sizes | Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner? |
length and width | Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms? |
ISO 216 | Most countries besides the US use what ISO System? |
Germany | What country first adopted the ISO 216 standard? |
A0 | What is the largest standard size paper? |
2 | How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of A0 paper? |
A3 | What is the lowest numbered A paper that is commonly used at home? |
tissue paper | What is the lightest density of paper produced? |
800 kg/m3 | What is the common density of printing paper? |
Alum | What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced? |
sizing | Early papermakers added alum to help in what process? |
more stable | How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum? |
lignin | What particle is associated with the yellowing of newspapers? |
lignin | A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood? |
light and oxygen | What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers? |
Library of Congress | Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay? |
oxalic | Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce? |
twice | How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process? |
Mechanical | What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books? |
acid-free | What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers? |
400% | In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen? |
35% | What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper? |
plant trees | What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests? |
10% | What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees? |
40% | What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper? |
71.6 million | How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year? |
16 billion | How many paper cups are used by Americans each year? |
31 | How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day? |
bleaching | What process of papermaking is most heavily linked to the pollution? |
through food | How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process? |
fatty tissue | Where are dioxins stored in our animal sources of food? |
the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants | What agency internationally regulates dioxins? |
paperfoam | What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly? |
biodegradable | What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap? |
paper | What is paperfoam primarily made of? |
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