answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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as an archaism | As what can divergence in the groups be shown? |
as an innovative element | How does central Catalan behave with the groups? |
Eastern and Western | What are the two dialectical groups of Catalan? |
Catalan | What language has a lexical unity? |
Literary Catalan | What can use words from different dialects? |
restricted use | What kind of words are excepted from literary use? |
19th century | When did the preference of use of words from northern dialects begin? |
detriment of others | What affect did this favoring of northern dialects have on other dialects? |
greater freedom of choice | What kind of choice is now available in word choice? |
Greek and Latin | Where does Catalan get a lot of its learned words? |
very early | When did the process of acquiring words from Latin and Greek begin? |
Ramon Llull | In whose work can you find examples of acquired words? |
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries | When did Catalan have a greater number of Greco-Latin words than other Romance languages? |
Roís de Corella | Whose writings are a good example of learned words in Catalan? |
agglutination | What is common in Romance languages? |
morphological | What kind of derivation in Catalan is similar to other languages? |
Prefixes | What word additive is usually added to verbs? |
sound alternations | What other word changes can occur in derivations? |
affixes | What word supplement can be put on an already existing word base? |
-o | What is the usual masculine suffix? |
suppletive couplets | What kind of words does Catalan have few of? |
French | What languages have more couplets than Catalan? |
Italian and Spanish | What languages are similar to Catalan in numbers of couplets? |
French | What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets? |
Occitan and French | What languages have a tendency to lose gender-invariable adjectives? |
bullent/bullenta | What is ab example of a gender marked adjective? |
bullent/bullenta | What would be the traditional form of a gender-invariable adjective? |
suffix -s | What is the usual way to make a plural? |
morphological alternations | What can the addition of the suffix -s produce? |
gender inflection | To what are these morphological changes similar? |
addition of -o- | What is an important plural alternation? |
complex | What does the large number of omissions make the determinatives? |
inflection of determinatives | What is much like the neighboring languages? |
Spanish | What language does Catalan have more contractions than? |
Italian | Catalan has less contractions than what language? |
article | What type of word is added to the contraction of the preposition? |
unstressed possessives | What has Central Catalan mostly abandoned? |
Italian | What other language shares this type of construction? |
el meu | What is an example of an article +stressed forms? |
mon | What is an example of an unstressed possessive? |
13 distinct forms | How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan? |
11 | How many personal pronouns are there is Spanish? |
9 | What is the number of personal pronouns in Italian? |
65 | How many different combinations of unstressed pronouns are there? |
all other Romance languages | What is this distinction similar to? |
English | What modern language does not have a T-Y distinction? |
formality | What does this imply the use an extra group of pronouns for? |
French or Spanish | What languages use extrapositioning in sentences less than Catalan? |
passive voice | What do you not need to use in Catalan? |
French or English | What languages use the passive voice more than Catalan? |
preposition | What method does Spanish use to identify the object? |
more complex | What is Catalan verbal inflection ? |
Suffixation | What plays a primary part in Catalan? |
morphological alternations | What plays a secondary part in Catalan? |
active | How are vowel alternances in Catalan? |
Catalan verbal system | What system is common to Western Romance? |
synthetic indicative perfect | What have many dialects replaced? |
all Western Romance | What is the Catalan verbal system common to? |
into three conjugations | How are Catalan verbs grouped? |
first conjugation | Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs? |
700 | How many verbs are in the third conjugation? |
second | Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs? |
two | How many surnames does everyone in Spain have? |
first | Which one of one's father's surnames is used? |
joining both surnames | What is Spain thinking of doing to the two surnames? |
in | What conjunction would be used to join a person's surnames? |
Estonian | What is the official language of Estonia? |
about 1.1 million | How many people in Estonia speak Estonian? |
tens of thousands | How many people in different migrant communities speak Estonian? |
Finnic | What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to? |
Uralic | What language family does Estonian belong to? |
Estonian | What country has Estonian as its official language? |
1.1 million | In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language |
Uralic | Of what language family is Estonian a part of? |
Finnic | On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found? |
tens of thousands | How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia? |
linguists | Who is interested in the degrees of phonemic length? |
short, long, and "overlong" | What are the phonemic length's three degrees? |
the underlying phonological mechanism | What is a matter of dispute among linguists regarding the distinction? |
Finnic | What Uralic language branch contains Estonian? |
Finnish, Karelian | What are two other languages in the Finnic branch? |
Indo-European languages | What language group is Estonian not a part of? |
Hungarian and to the Sami languages | What languages are related to Estonian but not closely? |
Baltic Germans | Who spoke German in what came to be known as Estonia? |
Middle Low German | Aside from standard German what German language influenced Estonian? |
vowel | What kind of harmony has Estonian lost? |
agglutinative | What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? |
subject–verb–object | In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language? |
two | What was the minimum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia? |
North and South Estonian languages | What are the names of the two separate Estonian languages? |
13th century to 1918 | When did the Northern Crusades happen? |
Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia | Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades? |
Estonia | Following the crusades which country was dominated? |
indigenous literacy | What did the aftermath of the crusades end up delaying in Estonia? |
13th century | How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go? |
Originates Livoniae | Where can records of Estonian place names be found? |
Chronicle of Henry of Livonia | Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae? |
words and fragments of sentences. | Aside from place names what else from the Estonian language can be found in the Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia? |
a Lutheran manuscript | What was the first Estonian language book to be published? |
1524 and 1528 | When were the Kallamaa prayers written? |
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