answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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culture of corruption | What is it called when corruption is part of all public life? |
harm | Beyond getting money, bribes are also used to cause what to others? |
active and passive bribery | What two types of bribery is the international community trying to get prosecuted as separate? |
mutual understanding | In some countries there is no formal deal but what that makes prosecuting bribes difficult? |
accepting | A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money? |
indirect | Bribes can be direct or what? |
influence peddling | Selling or trading government position influence is called what? |
tri-lateral | Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation? |
an accessory | In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what? |
distinctive criteria | Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing? |
article 12 | What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence? |
Patronage | Giving government jobs to supporters is called what? |
Romania | What country quickly changes most people working in government position when a new government comes into power? |
nepotism | What is it called when relatives are favored over other people? |
cronyism | What is it called when friends are favored over other people? |
old boy network | Cronyism is also when people are selected from a closed and exclusive social network, which is called what? |
enemies | Corruption also occurs when an official wants to cause some form of harm to who? |
politically sensitive issues | False charges can be brought against a journalist who writes about what? |
Gombeenism | What is it called when a person is dishonest or corrupt for his own gain? |
parochialism | Parish pump politics is also called what? |
Irish Banking crisis | Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion? |
senior management or committee position | Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically? |
Electoral fraud | Illegal interference with an election is called what? |
voter fraud | Another term for electoral fraud is what? |
intimidation | Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud? |
Embezzlement | When entrusted funds are stolen, it is called what? |
public | It is considered political when it involves what kind of money? |
personal | One form of political embezzlement is when a politician uses government resources for what use? |
kickback | What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding? |
bidder | A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what? |
Kickbacks | What is not limited to just government officials? |
unholy alliance | When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what? |
patronage | While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what? |
1920s and 1930s | When was Jinrong a police chief in this area? |
Du Yuesheng | Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area? |
a gang boss | In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what? |
narcokleptocracy | What was Noriega's government accused of being? |
Panama | What country did Noriega rule? |
United States | What country invaded Panama to capture Noriega? |
government profiting on illegal drug trade | What is a narcokleptocracy? |
Manuel | What is Noriega's first name? |
safe | According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what? |
Brunetti and Weder | Who found evidence that where the media had freedom there was less political corruption? |
Adserà, Boix, and Payne | Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability? |
different states in the US. | About 100 countries and what else was information gathered from to show that more people reading newspapers had higher political accountability? |
Snyder and Strömberg | Who discovered the correlation that congressman who have less local press coverage work less for the people who elected them? |
Cincinnati Post | What newspaper stopped publishing in 2007? |
incumbents | Who was most likely to get reelected after the Post shut down? |
voter turnout | Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing? |
growth of the Internet | What did the analysis show mixed results for? |
traditional sources of funding | What was disrupted by Internet growth for the press? |
a tiny fraction | How much has new types of Internet journalism replaced what has been lost in the press? |
three | How many measures does Transparency International publish right now? |
Bribe Payers Index | What is the measure that Transparency International publishes that looks at the willingness of a foreign company to pay a bribe? |
CPI | What is the measure that it publishes that involves polling to determine the public's take on how corrupt various countries are? |
1995 | When was the CPI first released? |
Government Defence Anti-corruption Index | Which index studies the correlation of corruption and military in a country? |
over 100,000 | How many firms throughout the world have been surveyed by the World Bank in regards to its corruption study? |
six | How many dimensions of governance are measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators? |
Control of Corruption | One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what? |
Millennium Challenge Corporation | Which organization is most notable for adopting the global coverage of these studies? |
International Budget Partnership | A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization? |
2004 | When was the Global Integrity Index first published? |
public surveys | Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data? |
in-country experts | Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption? |
local | The second wave of metrics focuses on what level of corruption? |
worldwide | Unlike the first wave, the second wave does not offer what type of coverage? |
Drivers of Change | What is the British aid agency's research called? |
numbers | What does Drivers of Change skip? |
understanding corruption | What does Drivers of Change promote? |
cronyism | Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what? |
Complicated | What type of regulations make corruption worse for public spending? |
privatization and deregulation | The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what? |
Nordic | What countries have big public sectors but low corruption? |
rule of law | What do the low corruption countries have solidly established? |
cronyism | Selling government property is highly at risk for what? |
Those with political connections | What type of people got wealthy from the sale of state-owned companies? |
non-privatized sectors | Where is corruption even more prevalent? |
privatized less | Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on? |
principle of subsidiarity | Providing a government service from the lowest form of local government that can adequately provide the service is called what? |
embezzlement | What does distributing money into multiple instances discourage? |
centralized | Even small amounts of public money can be a lot in what type of authority? |
kleptocracy | What is it called when higher ups in government embezzle from the government's treasury? |
diamonds and oil | What examples of natural resources do some corrupt officials in government take? |
foreign aid | Some corrupt governments use what type of money coming in? |
armaments | Foreign aid money is sometimes used to build fancy structures and to buy what? |
economic and social problems | In their pursuit of more money and power, corrupt dictators often ignore what? |
Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko | Who was the dictator in Zaire from 1965 to 1997? |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | What did Zaire used to be known as? |
kleptocracy | What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled? |
General Sani Abacha | Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998? |
Forbes | What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption? |
a portion | The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets? |
General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba | What is Fidel Castro's official title? |
Organization of American States | What is OAS? |
the African Union | Additional conventions were adopted at the regional level by OAS and who? |
the United Nations Convention against Corruption | What organization joined at the universal level? |
2003 | When did the United Nations Convention against Corruption join? |
imprecise definitions of corruption | Why is it difficult to measure corruption? |
1995 | When did indices on corruption first appear? |
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