answer
stringlengths
1
239
question
stringlengths
1
25.7k
culture of corruption
What is it called when corruption is part of all public life?
harm
Beyond getting money, bribes are also used to cause what to others?
active and passive bribery
What two types of bribery is the international community trying to get prosecuted as separate?
mutual understanding
In some countries there is no formal deal but what that makes prosecuting bribes difficult?
accepting
A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money?
indirect
Bribes can be direct or what?
influence peddling
Selling or trading government position influence is called what?
tri-lateral
Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation?
an accessory
In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what?
distinctive criteria
Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?
article 12
What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence?
Patronage
Giving government jobs to supporters is called what?
Romania
What country quickly changes most people working in government position when a new government comes into power?
nepotism
What is it called when relatives are favored over other people?
cronyism
What is it called when friends are favored over other people?
old boy network
Cronyism is also when people are selected from a closed and exclusive social network, which is called what?
enemies
Corruption also occurs when an official wants to cause some form of harm to who?
politically sensitive issues
False charges can be brought against a journalist who writes about what?
Gombeenism
What is it called when a person is dishonest or corrupt for his own gain?
parochialism
Parish pump politics is also called what?
Irish Banking crisis
Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion?
senior management or committee position
Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically?
Electoral fraud
Illegal interference with an election is called what?
voter fraud
Another term for electoral fraud is what?
intimidation
Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud?
Embezzlement
When entrusted funds are stolen, it is called what?
public
It is considered political when it involves what kind of money?
personal
One form of political embezzlement is when a politician uses government resources for what use?
kickback
What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?
bidder
A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?
Kickbacks
What is not limited to just government officials?
unholy alliance
When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what?
patronage
While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?
1920s and 1930s
When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?
Du Yuesheng
Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?
a gang boss
In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what?
narcokleptocracy
What was Noriega's government accused of being?
Panama
What country did Noriega rule?
United States
What country invaded Panama to capture Noriega?
government profiting on illegal drug trade
What is a narcokleptocracy?
Manuel
What is Noriega's first name?
safe
According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what?
Brunetti and Weder
Who found evidence that where the media had freedom there was less political corruption?
Adserà, Boix, and Payne
Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability?
different states in the US.
About 100 countries and what else was information gathered from to show that more people reading newspapers had higher political accountability?
Snyder and Strömberg
Who discovered the correlation that congressman who have less local press coverage work less for the people who elected them?
Cincinnati Post
What newspaper stopped publishing in 2007?
incumbents
Who was most likely to get reelected after the Post shut down?
voter turnout
Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing?
growth of the Internet
What did the analysis show mixed results for?
traditional sources of funding
What was disrupted by Internet growth for the press?
a tiny fraction
How much has new types of Internet journalism replaced what has been lost in the press?
three
How many measures does Transparency International publish right now?
Bribe Payers Index
What is the measure that Transparency International publishes that looks at the willingness of a foreign company to pay a bribe?
CPI
What is the measure that it publishes that involves polling to determine the public's take on how corrupt various countries are?
1995
When was the CPI first released?
Government Defence Anti-corruption Index
Which index studies the correlation of corruption and military in a country?
over 100,000
How many firms throughout the world have been surveyed by the World Bank in regards to its corruption study?
six
How many dimensions of governance are measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators?
Control of Corruption
One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what?
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Which organization is most notable for adopting the global coverage of these studies?
International Budget Partnership
A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization?
2004
When was the Global Integrity Index first published?
public surveys
Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?
in-country experts
Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption?
local
The second wave of metrics focuses on what level of corruption?
worldwide
Unlike the first wave, the second wave does not offer what type of coverage?
Drivers of Change
What is the British aid agency's research called?
numbers
What does Drivers of Change skip?
understanding corruption
What does Drivers of Change promote?
cronyism
Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what?
Complicated
What type of regulations make corruption worse for public spending?
privatization and deregulation
The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what?
Nordic
What countries have big public sectors but low corruption?
rule of law
What do the low corruption countries have solidly established?
cronyism
Selling government property is highly at risk for what?
Those with political connections
What type of people got wealthy from the sale of state-owned companies?
non-privatized sectors
Where is corruption even more prevalent?
privatized less
Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on?
principle of subsidiarity
Providing a government service from the lowest form of local government that can adequately provide the service is called what?
embezzlement
What does distributing money into multiple instances discourage?
centralized
Even small amounts of public money can be a lot in what type of authority?
kleptocracy
What is it called when higher ups in government embezzle from the government's treasury?
diamonds and oil
What examples of natural resources do some corrupt officials in government take?
foreign aid
Some corrupt governments use what type of money coming in?
armaments
Foreign aid money is sometimes used to build fancy structures and to buy what?
economic and social problems
In their pursuit of more money and power, corrupt dictators often ignore what?
Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko
Who was the dictator in Zaire from 1965 to 1997?
Democratic Republic of the Congo
What did Zaire used to be known as?
kleptocracy
What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled?
General Sani Abacha
Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998?
Forbes
What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption?
a portion
The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?
General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba
What is Fidel Castro's official title?
Organization of American States
What is OAS?
the African Union
Additional conventions were adopted at the regional level by OAS and who?
the United Nations Convention against Corruption
What organization joined at the universal level?
2003
When did the United Nations Convention against Corruption join?
imprecise definitions of corruption
Why is it difficult to measure corruption?
1995
When did indices on corruption first appear?