answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
|---|---|
leeches | What type of creature has a ganglion at the back end of the nerve cord as well? |
acoelomorphs | A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what? |
echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs | Some bilaterians without a brain are what? |
arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods | Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains? |
parallel nerve cords | Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what? |
octopus and squid | The invertebrates with the largest brain are what two animals? |
invertebrate | Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates? |
over 500 million years ago | How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear? |
Cambrian period | During which scientific period did vertebrates appear? |
450 Mya | Sharks appeared at about how many Mya? |
(the telencephalon | The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what? |
200 Mya | At how many mya did mammals first appear in time? |
larger | Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey? |
0.75 | In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what? |
primates | Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts? |
prosencephalon | The forebrain during development is known as what? |
mesencephalon | The midbrain during development is known as what? |
rhombencephalon | The hindbrain during development is known as what? |
mammals | Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest? |
neural tube; | During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what? |
pinkish | Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside? |
white | The color of the brain inside is what? |
meninges | Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues? |
the skull | Meninges separate what structure from the brain? |
cells in the blood vessel walls | The blood-brain barrier is made up of what? |
Neuroanatomists | People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what? |
telencephalon | The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what? |
diencephalon | The thalamus and hypothalamus comprise what region of the brain? |
mesencephalon | The midbrain region of the brain is known as what? |
thalamus and hypothalamus | Clusters of small nuclei comprise what parts of the brain? |
teleost fishes | The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes? |
forebrain area | Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species? |
twice as large | A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size? |
ten times | A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size? |
size. | The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what? |
The cerebral cortex | What part of the brain most strongly differentiates mammals from other vertebrates? |
pallium | The three-layered structure covering the cerebrum in non-mammals is known as what? |
neocortex or isocortex | Mammals have a pallium that involved into what? |
neocortex | The hippocampus and amygdala are ares inside what structure? |
visual | The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates? |
(the neocerebellum | The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what? |
cerebral cortex | The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? |
encephalization quotient (EQ) | Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what? |
7-to-8 range | What is the average EQ of a person? |
2-to-3 | Primates have an EQ in what range? |
30 | Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas? |
more than half | The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates? |
prefrontal cortex | Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area? |
primates | The prefrontal cortex is the largest in what animals? |
the neural plate | The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates? |
fluid-filled ventricle | The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center? |
telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon | The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what? |
telencephalon | The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one? |
the diencephalon | The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle? |
protoplasm | A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what? |
dendrites and an axon | What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development? |
neurons | The infant brain contains more of what type of cells in the brain than the adult brain? |
sense of smell | The olfactory bulb is related to what sense? |
dentate gyrus of the hippocampus | What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories? |
Glial cells | Which type of cells in the brain are generated throughout your lifetime? |
neurons continue to be generated throughout life | Neurogenesis is the process of what? |
neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses | The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what? |
electrochemical | What type of signals do neurons transfer from one another? |
synapses | Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain? |
receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell | What do neurotransmitters attach to? |
Dale's principle | Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule? |
gamma-aminobutyric acid | GABA is the abbreviation for what? |
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory? |
glutamate, | The neurostransmitter that usually excites targets is called what? |
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | Tranquilizers affect which of the two common neurotransmitters? |
Raphe nuclei | Serotonin comes from what part of the brain? |
Serotonin | Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain? |
Norepinephrine | Which chemical of the brain is involved with arousal? |
locus coeruleus | Norepinephrine comes from an area of the brain known as what? |
electroencephalography | An EEG of the brain stands for what? |
magnetoencephalography | MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what? |
EEG | What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep? |
large slow delta waves | What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep? |
faster alpha waves | What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive? |
Glial cells | What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism? |
chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons | Glial cells control what inside the brain? |
glucose (i.e., blood sugar | Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body? |
20–25% | The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage? |
ketones | Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what? |
2% and 8% | Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain? |
provide coherent control over the actions of an animal | The function of the brain from an evolutionary-biological thought is what? |
1940s | Computers were invented in what decade in history? |
cybernetics | Neuroscience spawned from what field of science in history? |
John von Neumann's | Who wrote the book, The Computer and the Brain? |
1958 | When was John von Neumann's book, The Computer and the Brain published? |
1959 | The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year? |
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel | Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move? |
the Human Brain Project | What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain? |
bats | What type of animal has a sense that adapted into sonar? |
snakes | What type of animal uses infrared heat to sense? |
birds | The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what? |
fish | The group of creatures that can sense electric fields is what? |
retina | Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye? |
cochlea | Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear? |
cerebral cortex | Signals are sent from the thalamus to what part of the brain? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.