answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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the explicit grounds that they were a non-Muslim people | What are the grounds on which the Ottomans struck at the Armenians? |
The Hamidian Massacres | What aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world? |
middle of the 19th century | When did "Near East" come into use to describe the part of the east closest to Europe? |
the East Indies | In short, the term Far East appeared to name this area |
the Levant | "Near East" applied to this mainly known area |
the Ottoman Porte | What was the jurisdiction of the Levant in? |
permits from the Ottoman Empire | What was needed to set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean? |
North Africa west of Egypt | What was one region included that was occupied by piratical kingdoms? |
Barbary Coast | Where were the piratical kingdoms from? |
because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia | Why was Iran included in the collection of regions? |
the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia | What did the term Near East focus on in the 1890s? |
of the sick man of Europe | The demise of what left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East" |
the opposites of far and near | The terms "Near East" and "Far East" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies fit together as a pair based on what? |
the mid-19th century | When do the terms "Near East" and "Far East" appear together in journals? |
the near or far east of a field, village or shire. | The term Near East and Far East were used in British and American meanings when referring to what? |
The Romans | Who used the terms near Gaul? |
the Greeks | The appearance of what culture using the terms appears in Linear B? |
a geographic feature | Usually the terms were given when referencing what? |
Ptolemy's Geography | What divided Asia on a similar basis? |
In the north | "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" is located where? |
To the south | "India on this side of the Ganges" is located where? |
In the north | "Scythia beyond the Himalayas" is located where? |
on the coast of Anatolia | Where did Asia begin? |
1670 | When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima? |
the East Indies | What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become? |
"the East Indies" | China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what? |
"east" | What was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun"? |
1590 | What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? |
England | Where was Elizabeth I from? |
trade with the east | What was Elizabeth primarily interested in? |
English merchants | Who did Elizabeth I collaborate with? |
obtain trading concessions by treaty | What was the goal of the first trading companies? |
The East India Company | What company was charted in 1600 for trade to the East Indies? |
to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire | What has pleased western historians? |
The borders | What was always in question from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire? |
the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire | What was the Ottoman Empire created from? |
fighting hand-to-hand in the streets | How did the last Roman emperor die? |
Constantinople | Where was the Roman emperor's capital? |
Turkish rule | The populations did not accept what? |
1688 | The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? |
the Serbian Revolution | What created Serbia? |
1815–1833 | When was the Serbian Revolution? |
1821–1832 | When was the Greek War of Independence? |
1853 | When did the Russian Empire begin to question the existence of the Ottoman Empire? |
1853–1856 | When was the Crimean War? |
the Ottoman Empire | During the Crimean War who did the British and French support? |
the incursions of the Russian Empire | What was the Ottoman Empire's struggle against in the Crimean War? |
the Balkan region | The Ottoman Empire eventually lost control of what region? |
1855 | Until what year did the words near east and far east not refer to any particular region? |
The Crimean War | What brought a change in vocabulary? |
the Ottoman Empire | The Russian Empire became more militarily active against who? |
the British government | Who decided the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power? |
the British Empire | What empire began promulgating a new vocabulary? |
1855 | When was a reprint of a letter sent to The Times appear in Littel's Living Age? |
Thomas Taylor Meadows | Who was the author of the letter sent to the Times? |
the suggestion by another interpreter | What was Thomas Taylor Meadows replying to? |
the letter to the Times | What was one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary? |
Meadows' terminology | What was said must represent usage by that administration? |
Duke of Wellington | Who had formed the club that contained much of the colonial administration? |
"Near East" | What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles? |
"the Nearer East," | What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates? |
the Biblical lands | There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire? |
the land of the Old and New Testaments | What did the Christians see the country as? |
on the basis of archaeology | How did the scholars attempt their definition? |
1861 | When was the London Review? |
The London Review of 1861 | Rawlinson, Layard and others were reviewed in what? |
(Telford and Barber | Who wrote The London Review of 1861? |
India | What region was explicitly excluded? |
the Balkans | What region has no mention? |
regions in their inventory | Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia, and Abyssinia were all what? |
where and why | What does Hogarth say in detail? |
the classics | Hogarth makes no mention of what? |
geopolitical | How is Hogarth's analysis? |
the 19th century | When did the term "Near East" acquire considerable disrepute? |
English-speaking public | The term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in whose eyes? |
the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians | What was the cause of the onus? |
they were Christians | What was the cause of the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians? |
1913) | When was Robert Hickens' book wrote? |
influential British travellers | Reports from who made the change evident? |
the Far East | Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894 |
The Peoples and Politics of the Far East | What book did Sir Henry Norman write after traveling to the Far East? |
1895 | What year did Sir Henry Norman's book come out? |
New York | Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book? |
June, 1896 | When did Norman publish parts of his planned travel book? |
Scribner's Magazine | What magazine did Norman publish his work in? |
The Russians | Who were liberators of oppressed Balkan states? |
England | Who did Norman say "turned her back"? |
the countries where "the eastern question" applied | What does Norman mean in the article when saying "Near East"? |
just "the east." | What is the rest of the Ottoman domain demoted to? |
The rest of the Ottoman domain | "The East" refers to what? |
1864–1945 | What was William Miller's life span? |
the Near East | What was William Miller an expert on? |
signed the death warrant, so to speak, of the Age of Empires | So to speak, what did William Miller do? |
Oxford | Where did Miller attend school? |
fighting words | Miller's words were considered what? |
Turkey | It was considered Europe needed what country? |
the "collective wisdom" of Europe | What was Miller citing? |
Austro-Hungarian Empire | The Ottoman Empire had no choice but to develop their relationship with what country? |
the German Empire | Who supported the Austro-Hungarian Empire? |
the Russian Empire | Who did the British Empire side with? |
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