answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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the eye, | What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain? |
spinal cord and hindbrain | All the muscles controlled by motor neurons in the body are controlled by what? |
the medulla and pons, | Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing? |
the medulla and pons | At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas? |
coordinating movements of the arms and legs | The red nucleus controls what part(s) of the body? |
primary motor cortex | A strip of tissue found at the edge of the frontal lobe is called what? |
pyramidal tract. | The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what? |
autonomic nervous system | The brain and spinal cord work together to control what system of the body? |
autonomic nervous system | What system in the body controls heart rate? |
autonomic nervous system | What system in the body controls salivation? |
not under direct voluntary control | Most of the processes of the autonomic nervous system are called what? |
The autonomic nervous system | Which system in the body controls urination? |
suprachiasmatic nucleus | The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what? |
the hypothalamus | The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain? |
the suprachiasmatic nucleus | Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock? |
retinohypothalamic tract | The RHT is an abbreviation for what? |
the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT | THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what? |
the reticular formation | A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what? |
the thalamus | Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain? |
state of coma | Damage to the reticular formation can cause what? |
sleep-wake cycles. | The SCN transfers signals to a set of areas that implement what? |
REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM | There are two types of sleep called what? |
REM sleep | What type of sleep involves dreaming? |
REM, light NREM and deep NREM | The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what? |
deep NREM sleep | Slow wave sleep is also known as what? |
slow wave sleep | During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop? |
The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body | Homeostasis is defined as what? |
"standing still" | Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase? |
Claude Bernard | The milieu interieur term was used by what physiologist? |
a thermostat. | Homeostasis is like what household tool? |
the forebrain | The hypothalamus is located at the base of what? |
the hypothalamus, | In vertebrates, the most important part of the brain is what? |
the hypothalamus, | A collection of small nuclei at the base of the forebrain is called what? |
the pituitary gland | The gland directly underneath the hypothalamus is which gland? |
the bloodstream | The pituitary gland sends hormones through what in the body? |
basal ganglia | A set of interconnected areas at the base of the forebrain is called what? |
decisions | The basal ganglia is thought to be the central location at which what are made? |
dopamine | Which neurotransmitter plays a large role in drug abuse? |
The reward mechanism | Which of the two systems, reward or punishment is better understood? |
1971 | In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation? |
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | BDNF is an abbreviation for what term? |
Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom? |
neuroscience | What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system? |
Psychology | What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior? |
neurology | What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system? |
study, prevent, and treat mental disorders | Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what? |
neuroscience and psychology | Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields? |
anatomical, | The oldest known method of studying the brain is what? |
the large-scale structure of the brain | What do neuroanatomists study? |
neuroanatomy | What type of study uses medical imaging techniques to correlate changes in brain structure? |
the middle of the 20th century, | Until what century was brain studying mostly anatomical? |
the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain | What do neurophysiologists study? |
drugs and recording devices | The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what? |
pain receptors | What type of receptors does the brain lack? |
the scalp | Electrodes are often glued to what like in EEG studies? |
cerebrospinal fluid | The brain is surrounded by what type of fluid? |
the blood–brain barrier | The brain is separated from the bloodstream by what feature? |
the skull and meninges | The two main structures that protect the brain are what? |
strokes | What type of disease if often studied to understand damage to the brain? |
rats | What type of animal is most commonly used to study brain damage? |
the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation. | Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies? |
mice | What is the most common test subjects for studying of the brain? |
Armenia | Where was the oldest brain that was found? |
over 5,000 years old | How old was the oldest brain discovered thought to be? |
12 to 14-year-old | The oldest known brain discovered was found in how old of a person? |
girl | The oldest brain found in a cave was from what gender of human? |
brain or heart. | The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body? |
the heart | Aristotle thought the soul lied in what organ? |
Democritus, | Who invented the atomic theory of matter? |
Hippocrates | The "father of medicine" is a name given to whom in history? |
Democritus | What philosopher in history argued for a three-part soul? |
Roman | The physician Galen was from which country in history? |
the Renaissance | What period in history was anatomical studies of nerves greatly increased? |
The Roman physician Galen | Who coined the term pneumata psychikon? |
animal spirits | Penumata psychikon is usually translated as what? |
Luigi Galvani | Who found out that a shock of electricity to an exposed nerve of a dead frog caused contractions? |
the Golgi stain | The tool that was invented to stain only a small fractions of neurons was called what? |
Spanish | What nationality was santiago Ramon y Cajal? |
Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley | Work in the first half the 20th century in electrical properties of nerve cells were by what two main scientists? |
the 1990s | Which decade in history was officially called the "Decade of the Brain"? |
the activity of many brain cells to be recorded all at the same time; | Multielectrode recording allows what? |
molecular components of the brain to be altered experimentally; | Genetic engineering allows what? |
variations in brain structure to be correlated with variations in DNA properties and neuroimaging. | What does genomics allow the study of? |
the 21st century, | During what century was multielectrode recording invented? |
the 21st century, | Genetic engineering was first discovered in what century? |
Near East (French: Proche-Orient) | What is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia? |
Ottoman Empire | The term near east was originally applies to the maximum extent of what empire? |
English | The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language? |
Middle East | What has replaced the term Near East? |
The Encyclopædia Britannica | Who defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt. Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Isreal, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen? |
Afghanistan | The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also includes what Country in the definition of Near East? |
the National Geographic Society | What group believes the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories? |
the Ottoman Empire | What empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain at the beginning of the 19th century? |
1914 | When did the Ottoman Empire lose all of it's empire except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace? |
the rise of Balkan nationalism | The rise of what saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria? |
1912 | Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace? |
the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13 | When did the Ottomans lose the territory of Albania, Macedonia and Thrace? |
as the sick man of Europe | How was the Ottoman Empire portrayed in the press? |
Christian | The Balkan states were primarily what religion? |
1894 | When did the Ottomans strike at the Armenians? |
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