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April 2008
When was the Boeing contract signed?
QinetiQ
Who is downgrading the Chinook helicopters?
£90m
How much was the Boeing contract worth?
more advanced equipment
What was removed from the Chinook helicopters?
October 2009
When was the TA budget withdrawn?
£20m
How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army?
April 2010
When was the training for the TA supposed to resume?
a small percentage
How much of the UK's troops are provided by the TA?
weekly evenings and monthly weekends
How often do the TA troops regularly train?
£6.5bn
By how much did the MoD go over its equipment budget?
2013
When was the overbudget amount discovered?
poor management and financial control
What are some of the criticisms that have been directed at the MoD?
up to 39 years
What is a long-range estimate on fulfillment of some of the equipment orders made by the MoD?
up to 10 and even as much as 15 years
Past projects ordered by the MoD have taken what type of time frame to fulfill?
1936
The term "high definition" originally described televisions systems from what year?
mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution
Earlier television systems were based on what?
20th
During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?
21st
In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?
8K
What is the most current HDTV system development?
The British high-definition TV service
Who started trials in August 1936?
February 1937
When was the Baird system discontinued?
France
Which country developed the 441-line system?
the technical limitations of the time
What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
405-line system
Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?
1953,
What year did color broadcasts start in the US?
525
How many lines of resolution did the US NTSC color system have in 1953?
1960s
When did Europe begin color broadcasts?
Europe
The PAL and SECAM were color systems where?
625
How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts?
Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai
What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called?
Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai
What does NHK stand for in Japan?
1972
What year was NHK Color created?
5:3
What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color?
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology?
four
How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?
SMPTE
Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?
an SMPTE study group
Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems?
1979
In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released?
A Study of High Definition Television Systems
What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979?
digital video broadcasting
What does DVB stand for?
early 2000s
When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?
SECAM systems
In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?
PAL-M
In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?
standard definition television systems
525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?
1949
In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?
France
What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?
an 819 lines system
What did France start transmissions with in 1949?
monochrome only
Was France's 819 line system in color?
1983
When was France's 819 line system discontinued?
a research project
In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?
1958
When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?
the Soviet Union
Who developed Transformator in 1958?
1,125
How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?
providing teleconferencing for military command
What was the goal of the Transformator system?
1979
In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
the Japanese state broadcaster NHK
Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
1989
When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?
November 25, 1994
When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?
1991
When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?
1981
When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?
5:3
What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981?
President Ronald Reagan
Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US?
MUSE
Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?
MUSE
Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan?
their higher bandwidth requirements
Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?
television channels
What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?
the FCC
Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?
had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth
What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US?
NTSC
What was the existing system at the time?
technical and economic
What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
use bandwidths greater than normal television
What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
over four times
How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?
about twice
Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?
by satellite
Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?
Early HDTV commercial experiments
What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?
seven
How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?
Japan
Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?
recording and reproducing an HDTV signal
What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?
the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV
What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have?
International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector
What does ITU-R stand for?
Digital Video Broadcasting
What does DVB stand for?
an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies
What is the DVB?
develops and agrees upon specifications
What is the DVB's role?
ETSI
Who standardizes HDTV specifications?
ATSC
What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
MPEG-2
Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on?
DVB
Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?
the Grand Alliance
Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
1983
When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?
setting a single international HDTV standard
What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?
a suitable frame/field refresh rate
What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?
motion vectors
What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?
two
How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?
16:9
What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema?
the IWP11/6 working party
Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio?
widescreen cinema
What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?
MBAFF
Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?
5:3
Which aspect ratio was the early favorite?
1440×1152 HDMAC
What scan format is also included in MBAFF?
a mooted 750-line
What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true HDTV format?