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Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace
In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox 360 also features what?
The Wii U
What high definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release?
port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics
The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?
an HDTV-capable digital video recorder
Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what?
receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format
Some cable boxes are capable of doing what?
analog only
What restriction does W-VHS recordings have?
Digital-VHS or Data-VHS
What does D-VHS stand for?
2008
When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?
in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file
How does the Personal Video Recorder store content?
'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray
Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?
the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder
What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008?
analog HD
W-VHS recorders are capable of recording what kinds of signals?
Analog tape
What kind of recorder is no longer produced for the consumer market?
expensive and scarce
In the secondary market, analog tape recorders are considered what?
a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request
Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes?
July 2004
When were boxes with "functional" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate?
5C
Content is now protected by what encryption?
duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted
What can 5c encryption prevent?
fuel
In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years?
cellulose
What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood?
lignin
What's the matrix in wood made up of?
support
What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant?
nutrients
What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?
434 billion
How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet?
47%
What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial?
furniture
In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make?
3.5
About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991?
abundant
In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source?
2011
What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?
New Brunswick
In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?
carbon dating
If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?
395 to 400
How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?
construction material
What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?
houses
What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?
tree-ring widths
For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?
weapons
What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?
furniture
What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?
trees
Where does wood come from?
woody layers
What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?
secondary growth
What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?
seasons
What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?
annual rings
If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?
wider
If a growth ring has differences over one season, would the part nearest the tree's center be narrower or wider?
earlywood
What name, besides springwood, is used for the part of a growth ring formed in the beginning of the growing season?
latewood
If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood?
lighter
Is earlywood usually lighter or darker than the part of the growth ring that forms later in the season?
outer
Is summerwood the inner or outer portion of a growth ring?
knot
What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?
strength
What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?
longitudinally
In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?
darker
Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?
90
The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?
a dormant bud
Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot?
conical
What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base?
diameter
What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement?
circular
Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have?
die
What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?
years
For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?
around it
Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?
not attached
Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?
boards
A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?
grading
What's the process in which knots are classified called?
size
Along with firmness, soundness, and form, what property of a knot is classified?
firmness
What property of knots does the amount of time a branch stayed on a tree while the stem kept growing affect?
defects
What is wood's breaking strength susceptible to?
stiffness
Depending on the placement and size of a knot, what property of structural timber can be affected?
sound wood
What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects?
parallel
What direction of compression in relation to its grain won't weaken wood with sound knots in it?
interest
What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces?
bleed
What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted?
difficult
Is bleed easy or difficult to control?
yellow
The stain from a knot bleeding is usually brownish or what other color?
preparation
In what stage of processing does knot primer need to be applied for maximum effectiveness?
Heartwood
What's another word for "duramen"?
decay
What is heartwood naturally resistant to?
spontaneously
How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed?
dead
What adjective describes fully formed heartwood?
decay organisms
Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to?
growth rings
In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?
darker
What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?
decay
Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?
woody
What kind of plants never form heartwood?
sapwood
What is the living wood in a tree called?
alburnum
What term is interchangeable with "sapwood"?
younger
Is sapwood the younger or older wood in a tree?
water
What essential liquid is the sapwood tasked with carrying around a tree?
All
How much of the wood in a tree is sapwood at some point in its life?
thicker
Does a tree growing quickly out in the open have thinner or thicker sapwood for its size than the same kind of tree in a dense forest?
thin
If a tree starts forming heartwood right away, will its sapwood layer be thin or thick?
position
What property of heartwood that has nothing to do with how important it is to trees got it its name?
thick
Does a beech tree usually have thin or thick sapwood?
Thin
Does a sassafras tree typically have a thin or thick sapwood layer?
thick
Would a thin or a thick sapwood layer be found in a pine tree?
crown
What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?
narrow
Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide?
thinner
As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?
near the base
In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest?
age
Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree?
limbs
What usually covers the whole trunk of a very young tree?
knots
What evidence of the stubs of the limbs a tree loses can always be seen in the wood?