dangermouse77/FromAnswerToQuestion-SQuADplusTriviaQA

answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀	question stringlengths 1 25.7k
1071	In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?
Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV	Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?
the Fatimids of Egypt	Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?
11th	During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?
Urban II	What pope launched the First crusade?
the Council of Clermont	At what gathering was the First Crusade preached?
1095	In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?
Alexios I Komnenos	What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade?
1099	In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?
to regain Jerusalem	What was the purpose of the Third Crusade?
Saladin	Who took Jerusalem in 1187?
1203	In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?
Latin Empire of Constantinople	What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?
Cyprus	After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside?
southern France	Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called?
Marienburg	Where was the Teutonic Order headquartered in 1309?
the Order of the Sword Brothers	What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades?
12th	In what century did the Northern Crusades begin?
14th	What century saw the end of the Northern Crusades?
realists	What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals?
Aristotle	What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy?
1164	When did Peter Lombard die?
scholasticism	What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?
Thomas Aquinas	Who authored the Summa Theologica?
songs of great deeds	What does chansons de geste mean in English?
The Song of Hildebrand	Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?
Geoffrey of Monmouth	Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?
Arthur	What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa	Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?
ecclesiastical law	What is another name for canon law?
Secular law	What is another name for Roman law?
Bologna	Where could one study Roman law in 1100?
11th	In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?
Gratian	Who wrote the Decretum?
algebra	What invention led to advances in mathematics?
Almagest	What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?
Greek	In what language was Almagest originally written?
Salerno	In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?
Latin	Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century?
mechanical clocks	Along with the astrolabe, windmill and distilled spirits, what was a notable technological advancement of the 12th and 13th centuries?
Concave spectacles	What was invented in approximately 1286?
Pisa	Near what city were concave spectacles invented?
one half	What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?
two-thirds	What fraction of land was under cultivate using the three-field system?
the horse collar	What invention allowed horses rather than oxen to be used to plow?
the heavy plough	What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?
faster	In addition to requiring less pasture, what distinguishes horses from oxen?
houses	Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?
mortise and tenon	What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?
rib and plank	What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period?
stern-post	What type of rudder was introduced during this period?
lateen	What type of sails were first used during this era?
13th	In what century did Europeans become aware of gunpowder?
the English	Who was recorded as using gunpowder in 1304?
the Scots	Against whom was gunpowder used in 1304?
1320s	In what decade were siege cannon known to have been used?
The increasing use of crossbows	What led to the increased use of armor in the 12th century?
10th	In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?
arched stone vaults	What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?
C. R. Dodwell	Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?
the castle	What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?
1000	Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?
Nicholas of Verdun	Who was a noted figure in Mosan art?
1205	What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun?
west	On what wall of a church was the Last Judgment typically painted?
on the barrel-vaulted roof	Where are narrative biblical scenes painted in the church at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe?
Gloucester Candlestick	What notable Romanesque metalwork is named for Gloucester?
12th	In what century did the Gothic style first flourish?
16th	In what century did the Gothic style cease to be used?
Chartres	Along with Reims, where is a notable Gothic cathedral in France located?
Salisbury Cathedral	What is a notable English Gothic cathedral?
French	Among which builders was the Gothic style first used?
Janetta Benton	Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?
Metalwork	What form of art had the most prestige in this era?
1337	When did Giotto die?
ivory	What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period?
Cimabue	Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?
11th	In what century was thought given to monastic reform?
909	In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?
Mâcon	In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?
austerity	Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?
Cluniac Reforms	What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny?
11th	During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?
1049	When did the reign of Pope Leo IX begin?
Pope Gregory VII	What pope was involved in the Investiture Controversy?
1122	In what year was the Concordat of Worms agreed to?
German princes	What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?
Cistercians	What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?
1153	When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?
Monte Gargano	Along with Bari, what was a notable new pilgrimage site in this era?
Compostela	Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?
Carthusians	Along with the Cistercians, what new monastic order was founded in the High Middle Ages?
Franciscans	Along with the Dominicans, what mendicant order was founded in the 13th century?
poverty	What notable vow was sworn by the mendicant orders?
begging	How did the mendicant orders make a living?
the Albigensian Crusade	What was the crusade against the Cathars called?
the Waldensians	Along with the Cathars and Humiliati, what group was notably condemned as heretics in this period?
1315–17	In what years did the Great Famine occur?
the Little Ice Age	What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?
the Medieval Warm Period	What period preceded the Little Ice Age?

1071

In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?

Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV

Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?

the Fatimids of Egypt

Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?

11th

During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?

Urban II

What pope launched the First crusade?

the Council of Clermont

At what gathering was the First Crusade preached?

1095

In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?

Alexios I Komnenos

What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade?

1099

In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?

to regain Jerusalem

What was the purpose of the Third Crusade?

Saladin

Who took Jerusalem in 1187?

1203

In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?

Latin Empire of Constantinople

What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?

Cyprus

After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside?

southern France

Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called?

Marienburg

Where was the Teutonic Order headquartered in 1309?

the Order of the Sword Brothers

What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades?

12th

In what century did the Northern Crusades begin?

14th

What century saw the end of the Northern Crusades?

realists

What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals?

Aristotle

What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy?

1164

When did Peter Lombard die?

scholasticism

What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?

Thomas Aquinas

Who authored the Summa Theologica?

songs of great deeds

What does chansons de geste mean in English?

The Song of Hildebrand

Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?

Geoffrey of Monmouth

Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?

Arthur

What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?

Emperor Frederick Barbarossa

Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?

ecclesiastical law

What is another name for canon law?

Secular law

What is another name for Roman law?

Bologna

Where could one study Roman law in 1100?

11th

In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?

Gratian

Who wrote the Decretum?

algebra

What invention led to advances in mathematics?

Almagest

What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?

Greek

In what language was Almagest originally written?

Salerno

In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?

Latin

Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century?

mechanical clocks

Along with the astrolabe, windmill and distilled spirits, what was a notable technological advancement of the 12th and 13th centuries?

Concave spectacles

What was invented in approximately 1286?

Pisa

Near what city were concave spectacles invented?

one half

What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?

two-thirds

What fraction of land was under cultivate using the three-field system?

the horse collar

What invention allowed horses rather than oxen to be used to plow?

the heavy plough

What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?

faster

In addition to requiring less pasture, what distinguishes horses from oxen?

houses

Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?

mortise and tenon

What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?

rib and plank

What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period?

stern-post

What type of rudder was introduced during this period?

lateen

What type of sails were first used during this era?

13th

In what century did Europeans become aware of gunpowder?

the English

Who was recorded as using gunpowder in 1304?

the Scots

Against whom was gunpowder used in 1304?

1320s

In what decade were siege cannon known to have been used?

The increasing use of crossbows

What led to the increased use of armor in the 12th century?

10th

In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?

arched stone vaults

What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?

C. R. Dodwell

Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?

the castle

What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?

1000

Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?

Nicholas of Verdun

Who was a noted figure in Mosan art?

1205

What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun?

west

On what wall of a church was the Last Judgment typically painted?

on the barrel-vaulted roof

Where are narrative biblical scenes painted in the church at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe?

Gloucester Candlestick

What notable Romanesque metalwork is named for Gloucester?

12th

In what century did the Gothic style first flourish?

16th

In what century did the Gothic style cease to be used?

Chartres

Along with Reims, where is a notable Gothic cathedral in France located?

Salisbury Cathedral

What is a notable English Gothic cathedral?

French

Among which builders was the Gothic style first used?

Janetta Benton

Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?

Metalwork

What form of art had the most prestige in this era?

1337

When did Giotto die?

ivory

What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period?

Cimabue

Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?

11th

In what century was thought given to monastic reform?

909

In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?

Mâcon

In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?

austerity

Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?

Cluniac Reforms

What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny?

11th

During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?

1049

When did the reign of Pope Leo IX begin?

Pope Gregory VII

What pope was involved in the Investiture Controversy?

1122

In what year was the Concordat of Worms agreed to?

German princes

What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?

Cistercians

What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?

1153

When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?

Monte Gargano

Along with Bari, what was a notable new pilgrimage site in this era?

Compostela

Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?

Carthusians

Along with the Cistercians, what new monastic order was founded in the High Middle Ages?

Franciscans

Along with the Dominicans, what mendicant order was founded in the 13th century?

poverty

What notable vow was sworn by the mendicant orders?

begging

How did the mendicant orders make a living?

the Albigensian Crusade

What was the crusade against the Cathars called?

the Waldensians

Along with the Cathars and Humiliati, what group was notably condemned as heretics in this period?

1315–17

In what years did the Great Famine occur?

the Little Ice Age

What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?

the Medieval Warm Period

What period preceded the Little Ice Age?