answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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Inside Black Australia | What was the award in 1998 for? |
people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? |
resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture, | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? |
2012 | In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander? |
Anthony Mundine | What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness? |
Andrew Bolt | Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments? |
John Rolfe | Who described slaves as negars? |
Colonial America | Where was John Rolfe? |
Virginia colony | Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa? |
"Begraafplaats van de Neger" | What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City? |
Cemetery of the Negro | What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean? |
By the 1900s | When did "nigger" become a pejorative word? |
colored | What term replaced negro as mainstream? |
"black" | What term followed "negro" and "colored"? |
the African-American Civil rights movement | What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? |
Reverend Martin Luther King | Who led the Civil Rights movement? |
by their specific ethnic group | How did black people identify in early America? |
individual ethnic affiliations | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? |
West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast | How vast was the backgrounds of the captives? |
This new identity was based on provenance and slave status | How was the new African American identity defined? |
French and Spanish colonists | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? |
the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors | What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to? |
socially based racial classification related to being African American, | In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for? |
a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. | Where does the US base family history of African Americans from? |
they fulfill the social criteria | How are people defined as "black" or "white"? |
the majority of black people in the United States were native-born | Why did the use of "African" become an issue? |
would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. | Why did blacks fear to identify as African? |
1835, | What year did Black leaders call for this change in language? |
the African Methodist Episcopal Church | What group decided to keep the "African" in their name? |
"Negro" or "colored" | What terms did African Americans use instead? |
Jesse Jackson | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? |
1988 | What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument? |
it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants | Why did Jackson want this term to be used? |
African-American | Who also argued for the term "African American"? |
because "African" suggests foreignness | Why did some argue that "black" was the better term? |
having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa | How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans? |
socio-political constructs | What classification are given? |
17–18% | What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry? |
scientific or anthropological | What is the Census definition not based on? |
classify as black a person of any known African ancestry | What did the "one-drop" rule do? |
early 20th century. | When was the "one-drop" rule put into place? |
18th and 19th centuries | When was racial definition more flexible? |
the American Civil War | What war changed the way the United States looked at race? |
1662 | When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem? |
the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. | How is blackness described in the US? |
political orientation, culture and behavior | What defines "blackness"? |
"acting white" | What is the opposite of "blackness"? |
black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans | How does one "act white"? |
with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music, | In what regards can one "act white"? |
Toni Morrison | Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"? |
Christopher Hitchens | Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black? |
Nobel Prize-winning novelist | Who is Toni Morrison? |
Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain | Why were people offended by this comment? |
Rwandan Genocide | What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset? |
John Punch | Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of? |
the first African slave in the Virginia colony | Who is John Punch? |
1640 | When was Punch indentured? |
trying to escape | Why was he indentured for life? |
they were born to free English women | Why were his children free? |
12 million | How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888? |
11.5 million | How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean? |
5.5 million | How many slaves were imported by Brazil? |
2.76 million | How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean? |
closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables, | How is black identified in South America? |
by appearance | How are people in Brazil classified? |
Brazil | What country has a complex way of acknowledging race? |
based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color | How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil? |
like the colors of the spectrum | How are people evaluated in Brazil? |
lighter skin | What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil? |
black | What are poor whites considered in Brazil? |
white | What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil? |
(black) | What does Preto mean? |
estimated 3.5 million | How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850? |
more than half | How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery? |
Afro-descendants | Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of? |
segregation laws | What was not passed in Brazil during slavery? |
intermarriage | What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery? |
6.2% | How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000? |
40% | How much identified as mixed race? |
55% | How much identified as white? |
29% | How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007? |
the binary polarization of society into black and white | What has Brazil avoided? |
civil war | What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended? |
violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. | How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended? |
Elio Ferreira de Araujo | Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? |
black and indigenous communities. | Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities? |
75% | In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn? |
50% | In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites? |
one-drop rule | What rule is Brazil accused of practicing? |
discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. | What does the one drop rule do? |
illiteracy and education levels | What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards? |
blacks | What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil? |
80% | How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race? |
1965 | When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act? |
1970s | When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor? |
Hurricane Katrina | What large hurricane hit New Orleans? |
limited media visibility | What do critics claim people of color have? |
hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. | What has the Brazilian media been accused of? |
northern Europeans | What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil? |
mulatto | What is another word for "Light Skinned" |
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